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Ceylon News Review A Journal of Ceylon and World Affairs
Founded in 1954
Every Saturday
Editor: S.P. Amarasingam
W.27
APRIL 30 1983
43, Dawson Street.
Colombo 2. Tet: 33172
No.30
LETTER FROM THE EDITOR
'Budget' Tourism
EDITOR'S NOTEBOOK -Mahaweli
DELHI SUMMIT 5 -Wonaligned Principles
FILM FOCUS -Gandhi
SR LANKA EXHIBITS -In Melbourne
SRI LANKA CHRONICLE
-April 8-17
FOREIGN SCENE
-Economic Declaration
Israel: Iraq: Lebanon Mauritius
AGRICULTURAL DIGEST -Citrus
Chilli Pest
Murunga: Tomato
FOCUS ON THE VILLAGE -Flashback Drought Badalganma Udagата Chunam Tragedy
SPORTSCOPE -Spotlight Chronicle
CONFIDENTIALLY -Chicanery (3)
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15
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LETTER FR
ON THE COVER Taxila. ft vvas bl eyes were taken c April 9 we had a
, the oldest existing
Taxila, We used th text from one of the Minister in ch the cultural Stand on the following: of approved room buted; (b) the pr beaches and hot through tourism (d) underpaymen revenue and (d) country from tour to repeat the Sam dunderheads in t may, that the tim unlimited growth foreign tourists, nature's Scenic oriented tourism ( tion that can disa so far received ni of the Tourist Bo a permanent an especially at a tir, increasing sectio will have much to (also export-orie India. In regard (vol. 20, No.82 Budget Tourist (l Yatri Niwas - tl of New Delhi is lov budget trave attached bath, W rate of Rs. 18 concept in hote amenities and co Yatri Niwas ret travellers provic hotels of the Cou those top hotels. ITDC has acted its kind in the ci running water, telephone, aircC Swimming pool guest a mere Rs in the family roor of conventionally Only the beginni in the hands oft( to the country.
 

OM THE EDTOR
this week we have a picture of the Kanula Stupa at ilt at the spot where Emperor Asoka's son Kunala's but as a revenge by his step-mother. In our issue of picture on the Cover of the great Dharmarafika Stupa, g monument built in the time of Emperor Asoka near is picture to preach a sermon on tourism based on the the recent proclamations of J. R. Jayewardene asking large of Tourism to 'revisw tourism and its impact on ards of the country and also to report and recommend (a) whether there should be a ceiling on the number S and if so, the limit that should be fixed and how distrioblem of nudity and Semi-nudity by tourists in resorts, els; (c) whether there is substantial drug trafficking and if so, what steps shpuld be taken to eradicate it; tS by tourists, which deprives the country of legitimate tariffs, what recomendations and what gains to the ists?' We have used a picture of another stupa in Taxila e directive because it is necessary to impress upon many his country, who believe in the quick buck, come what e has come for rethinking about the illusory virtues of the of the tourist industry for a high budget five star class of Many countries, similarly blessed like Stilanka with beauty and Sunny beaches, have found that exportonly for the rich foreigner has proved to be an occupaappear with the winds. Domestic tourism which has ggardly step-motherly treatment and worse at the hands ard and the Government can easily be made to become d stable bedrock of Sri Lanka's economic System me when higher incomes have begun to accrue to everns of the local population. About domestic tourism We ) say in the coming months, but in regard to low budget nted) tourism, it would be useful to learn a lesson from to the low budget tourism. The Indian Foreign Review 8/2/83) published an article entitled A Hotel For The he world 'low' is not used for obvious reasons. 'Ashok he common man's hotel - on Ashok Road in the heart TDC's most innovative venture. For the first time the aller will be able to realise his dream of a clean bed with Iholesome food at virtually throw away price ... At the per bed in the family rooms, it represents a revolutionary ls; the perfect juxtaposition of the need for modern mforts with the constraints of a limited budget. The Ashok :ognise's this overwhelming need on the part of ling facilities compatible with those in top-flight ntry to guests, at less than one-tenth the price scales of This need has been recognized by so many, but only to fulfil it, making the Ashok Yatri Niwas the only one of puntry. All modern facilities, including hot and cold chilled drinking water piped in round-the-clock, public }nditioned cafetaria, lounge, bar and restaurant and a - - - Single occupancy of a double room will cost y . 50. The bulk double-room charge is only Rs. 60 and ns the charge is Rs. 18 per bed. There are also two floors '-furnished rooms, with no price difference . . . . 'This is ng. In Sri Lanka the "budget' foreign tourist is today »uts, pimps and third rate hosteleries that bring disrepute

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EDITOR'S NOTEBOOK
Mahaweli
Mahaweli is very much in the news. The Uhitiya Reservoir has been commissioned and water from the Maduru Oya dam will be issued in the next two months. On April 5, the Information Service of the Ministry of Lands and Land Development and the Ministry of Mahaweli Development issued a publication entitled Mahaweli Projects and Programme 1983. The cover of Mahaweli Projects & Programme 1983 is ilustrated with a montage of the main headworks οήthe Accelerated Programme of Mahaweli Development. It focusses attention on the towering Victoria dam where work is nearing completion. When fully complete, the Victoria dam rising 400 ft. from the river bed, will be nearly as high as the Sigiriya rock as seen from the Matale plains. Lined up, above the title of the publication are aerial views of the diversion tunnel inlet and the cofferdam at the Kotmale Worksite, the Randenigala dam site and the Maduru Oya reservoir - the first major reservoir to be completed under the Accelerated Programme. Comparatively smaller dams and major canals completed are pictured within this volume.
The contents are spread over 22 chapters and the list will briefly indicate what the publication contains: (1) introduction; (2) Kotmale Hydro Power project; (3) Victoria Dam and Hydro-Electric Project; (4) (4) Randenigala Project; (5) Maduru Oya Reservoir Project; (6) Minipe Anicut & Right Bank TransBasin Canal; (7) Financing of the Accelerated Mahaweli Programme; (8) Downstream Engineering (Major and Teritiary); (9) Mahaweli Water System; (10) Water Management in the Mahaweli System; (11) System Management of Water for power generation; (12) Concepts of Mahaweli Settlements (13) System H development as a model for other Systems; (14) Progress of Settlement; (15) Crop Diversification; (16) Livestock and Dairy Farming; (17) Marketing Needs ; (18) UN Assistance to Special Projects; (19) Environment and Heritage; (20) Monitoring of Progress; (21) RVDB As a Construction Agency and (22) Consultancy Services.
Before the Introduction listed in the publication we find relevant excerpts from the speech of Minister Gamini Dissanayake in Parliament on 17. 3.83 during the second reading of the Appropriation Bill 1983. Mr. Dissanayake outlined the background; ' , think the Budget presented by the Hon. Minister of Finance, must be looked at today from the standpoint of the totality that goes to make the present global economic and fisca crisis that had rocked the whole world. will try to show, in the course of my speech, that one significant factor which my good Friends in the Opposition do not like to deal with after saying that we
2

are on the brink of disaster, is to trace the history as to how we come to be on the brink of disaster and would like to show that the arrival at the brink is not a thing that happered yesterday or the day before. I think there is a long history to that. So, let us try to understand What has happened. The Hon. Minister of Finance has said, think at a public speech, that what took place last year in the international economic order was similar in every respect to what happened in the world during the great depression of the 1930s, if not WOrse. There were many countries: Mexico, Brazil, Argentina among them, and Poland - these Countries were not only on the brink of bankruptcy but they were bankrupt. For example a collectivist economy, based on marxist philosophy, with no private sector, no private business, having very little to do with multinationals, had to be saved from disaster and bankruptcy by the World Bank, the IMF and a Consortium of Western banks . . . . . . there were bread queues în Poland, why there was no meat in Poland, why there were food queues 1 miles long, why there was street rioting, why it was necessary for the Polish government, backed by outside support to crack down So heavily on the Free Trade Union Movement in Poland 2 . . . . . From out point of view we say that, not with the feeling that we have a right to judge what is happening in another country, not in the belief that our system is better than that System, but only to drive home the point that there are no easy solutions to these problems, that each country must find its own path to economic salvation and how we find that salvation is not a matter that we can decide that easily. As Dr. Kissinger has said, in a very interesting article which he had published in international journals, 'developing nations through defaulting on their debts could threaten the economies of the industrial nations' and he drives home the point that "politicians these days certainly have many economic theories to choose from, most discordant and quite a few of them now defunct.' Not a single economist in the world, not even the ghost of Karl Marx has been able to find answers to our problems. But we have been given the very responsible and difficult task of running this country, of getting this country moving. How Were we to do that ?
Our President has met at the Summit Meeting in India a very distinguished African Leader, Julius Nyerere, the President of Tanzania. He had frankly confessed, 'We are in such a plight. I do not know whether we can buy one barrel of oil next year.' That is the state of the economy in a country in which the private Sector has not been encouraged for the last 25 years, a country in which there is a one-party government, a country which has practised consistently, year after year, with a continuous leadership and Stability. Centrally planned socialist policies. What is the problem? The problem is that they cannot find the capital to undertake basic infrastructural development to give Water to the people, to buildreServoirs, to
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

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build roads, to build hospitals, to use modern technology, to have electronics, modern telephone systems, to uplift the living standard of the people.
Now this is the problem that is afflicting the whole Third World. Let us understand as we should. . . . . These problems afflict Yugoslavia, Cuba, Greece, Turkey, Poland, all the African countries, practically all the Asian countries, and really it is in relation to this problem that the former President of the World Bank Mr. Robert McNamara, on the eve of his retirement, said unless and until the developed countries - it can be the USSR, it can be the United States -- decide to put more capital to change the international economic order, at the turn of the next century there will be more famine, more starvation and more national disasters on a hitherto unseen and ummatched scale. That is the situation. So in that context do not try to say that the IMF is dictating or the World Bank is dictating. Who will go to the World Bank or the IMF if you have all the resources you want?
So let us see how we are in this situation. The Hon. Members of the Opposition know that there is an organization called the UNCTAD - United Nations Conference for Trade and Development of which the Secretary General is Dr. Gamini Corea, a former Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. What are they doing? (Interruption). I am telling you Something about the UNCTAD. I am trying to say they have been trying for the last so many years to realise the objective of getting stable prices for commodities, but with very slow success. If we get stable prices for our basic commodities, for example, in the plantation tree crop sector, we need not want assistance to build a single reservoir. We can build all our roads - the way we built the Gal Oya reservoir without asking for foreign assistance. At that time Eugene Black was the President of the World Bank. Our present President was the Minister o' Finance. Eugene Black had come to Sri Lanka anc asked the then Finance Minister - and at that time the Finance Minister was in a slightly more fortunat position than the present Minister of Finance - how much money he wanted for our development projects Our President, who was then Minister of Finance replied: 'Thank you very much. We do not need anything because we have what we want::. We buil the Gai Oya Scheme entirely with our own resources it cost Rs.900 million then for the entire developmen of the Gal Oya valley - for the construction of th reservoir, the roads and the buildings and the Settle ment of the people. It cost Rs. 900 million at tha time, and the money came entirely from within SI Lanka.
But if the World Bank were to come to Sri Lank today and ask the Hon. Minister of Finance, "Wha do you want?:' what reply would he give? Eve centrally planned economies need the IMF and th World Bank. Yes, these countries control their ecc
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

nomy, and we also control our economy. Are yuu saying that we are not controlling our economy? will tell you how we are controlling our economy. it was our decision to go to the World Bank. We have not been told by anybody to go to the World Bank. Nobody told Dr. N. M. Perera to go to the World Bank. No one threatened Mrs. Indira Gandhi and told her to go to the IMF but she went. And why did they go? They went because they needed capital for certain development projects which, in retrospect, as the Hon. Minister of Finance said, was not easily coming. You cannot do these things willy-nilly. You cannot Smuggle from the World Bank through the back door. if you are dealing with them you must deal with them . . . . . . it must be a legitimate relationship.
UNCTAD has been espousing the cause of the Third World countries trying to realize the objectives
of Stabilizing commodity prices, and . . . . . if there is a stabilisation of commodity prices year in and year out - our tea, our coffee, our rubber and other
minor export crops - we will know exactly where we stand. It will not depend on the vagaries of the weather. That is what international institutions, the United Nations are trying to achieve. But we have yet to arrive at the destination. Some of the most enlightened - would call them progressiveeaders in countries who have a certain clout, like Mr. Willy Brandt, Mr. Edward Heath. What are they trying to say ? They are saying that they must lift the Third World out of its present difficulties. They say that something in the nature of a Marshall Plan, a lot of assistance, a lot of aid, must be given to the
Third World countries to rescue their economies from sliding down.
Whatever the motive, the argument is - and the argument is right - that we needed a change in international economic thinking to see that there is a revival of our economies. Now, that is so whether the Sri Lanka Freedom Party was in charge of the Government or the United National Party was in charge of the government., or conceivably in the future, if a national government, as espoused by my good friend Mr. S. D. Bandaranayake comes into being. This is the problem that all the developing countries are having. They cannot get capital to start their development projects. And when I say they cannot get assistance, it is not that they cannot get it on commercial terms. If you go and float a syndicated loan you can get at 10 percent or 12 percent repayable in 10 years. But infrastructure development takes time to deliver profits. You cannot get soft loans easily whereas you can get commercilloans.
That is Sir, the general picture of the Third World. it is so in all the countries, communist, Socialist or capitalist. That is the problem of the Third World and two of the institutions with which communist countries, socialist countries and non-communist countries
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have been dealing for the last two decades are the World Bank and the IMF. Of course, now there are other banks, other institutions like the Asian Development Bank, the OPEC Fund, the Saudi Fund, the OECD, the Common Market Fund and many other funds - which end capital not only to developing Countries but even to the developed countries like the Federal Republic of Germany.
In this situation, against this background, in 1977 we formed the Government. We said before we came to office that we were going to open up the economy that we were going to invite foreign investent that We would like to restructure the plantation economy for more investment, that we would accelerate the Mahaweli Programme, that we would put more capital into the rural sector. We said all that. must Say that no Government laid its cards on the table, no party did So, as we did in 1977. We formed the Government. Then we had to get this country going. We have done many things, some of which have been tremendously successful; others have not been so successful; some have been partially Successful. But I must say, broadly, that there is no catastrophic failure that one can think of. I will try to illustrate with the Mahaweli project. You need foreign capital to do this. How are you going to get the foreign capital? You say that the Free Trade Zone is bad. Let us say we accept that. How are you you going to get foreign capital 2 You are not going to print notes and buy your equipment - your bulldozers, trucks, cement, Steel - and technical personnel ? You are not going to do that. So what was your thinking on how to get this country out of this rut ? . . . . . . . . . .
Minister Gamini Dissanayake's explanations form an interesting backdrop to the ongoing Mahaweli Project. All interested in the progress of the Accelerated Scheme should read this excellently produced publication.
.
DELH SUMMIT - 5
Nonaligned Principles
By S. P. Amarasingam.
Before begin my analysis of the discussions in the New Delhi Summit about the meaning, significance and role of the Nonaligned Movement as understood by different countries, it would be helpful if I set out the rest of the chapter in the Political Declaration on the Role of the Nonaligned. Last week the introductory paragraphs were published.
Paragraph 11 defines very clearly 'The quintessence of the policy of non-alignment has always consisted of the struggle against imperialism, colonialism, neo
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colonialism, apartheid, racism, including Zionism, and all forms of foreign aggression, occupation, domination, interference or hegemony as well as against great power and bloc policies tending to perpetuate the division of the world into blocs. It rejects all forms of subjugation, dependence, interference or intervention, direct or indirect, overt or covert and all pressures - political, diplomatic, economic, military and cultura! - in international relations. The Heads of State or Government once again reaffirmed the need for strict adherence to the principles of non-intervention and non-ineterference in the internal and external affairs of States. They likewise reaffirmed the right of all States to pursue their own economic development without intimidation, hindrance or pressure. The Heads of State or Government reiterated the principled commitment of nonaligned countries lot be parties to, or take any action which would facilitate, great power confrontation and rivalry or strengthen existing military alliances and interlocking arrangements arising therefrom particularly through participation in military arrangements or through the provision of military bases and facilities for great power military presence conceived in the context of great power conflicts. Reaffirming the criteria for participation in the Movement, as formulated in Cairo and adopted in Belgrade in 1961, and called for their strict observance. The Heads of State or Government reaffirm their lasting commitment to and strict observance of the parinciples and objectives of the policy and the Movement of the Nonaligned countries as defined at their summit conferences in Belgrade, Cairo, Lusaka, Algierias, Colombo and Havana. The violation of these principles by any country is unjusti
fiable under any circumstances and is totally unacceotable.:
Paragraph 12 deals with the problem of lessening tensions and strengthening international understanding : 'Non-aligned countries have consistently and continuously exerted every effort to bring about a lessening of tensions and to strengthen international understanding. In this context, they have expressed their determination to keep away from power blocs and groupings aligned against one another, the existence of which threaten the world with a major catastrophe. However, current trends in the international situation give cause for grave concern. There
is increasing recourse to the use of threat of force, military intervention and interference in violation of the principles and purposes of the United Nations Charter. Forces hostile to the emancipation of peoples continue to infringe the independence, Sovereignty and territorial intergrity of countries and impede the rights of people under colonial and alien domination to Self-determinotion and independence. The attempt to erroneously characterise the struggles of peoples for independence and human dignity as falling within the context of East-West confrontation denies them the right to determine their own destiny and realize their legitimate aspirations. The recrudescence of
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

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great power confrontations and the revival of the cold war have been accompanied by the competition for spheres of influence, domination and exploitation in more and more parts of the world, all of which pose a grave threat to global peace and security. The arms race, particularly in nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction has escalated to new levels of irrationality and in some cases a policy to negotiate from a position of strength is predominant. New doctrines are being advanced to justify the accretion and deployment of armaments, especially nuclear armaments, in various parts of the world. The vast technological resources and research capabilities of certain developed countries are being diverted to increasing the already awesome destructiveness of existing weapons Systems and to devising new ones.:
It will be noticed that nonaligned countries are asked to keep away from 'power-blocs': and 'groupings aligned against one another.:" Reference is also made to the arms race and dangers of Wanting to negotiate from positions of strength.
Paragraph 13 deals with the unwillingness of certain important developed countries to engage in Serious and meaningful negotiations. This is how the paragraph reads: 'The unwillingness of certain important developed countries to engage in serious and meaningful negotiations with a view to bringing about adequate Solutions to world economic crises has further aggravated the inequalities and injustices in intenational economic relations. The Heads of State or Government stressed that it is time for those developed countries to demonstrate their political will by looking at the world's economic ills in their totality. Powerful lobbies and wested interests of the arms industry have generated an armaments culture, especially in its nuclear manifestation. The pervasive influence of this culture perpetuates old conflicts and gives rise to new ones, preventing the evolution of healthy national societies in a peaceful international environment. In a world of finite resources, the vast expenditure on the development and manufacture of Weapons stand in stark contrast to the poverty, deprivation and Squalor in which two thirds of the World's population live. The economic and Social Consequences of the arms race militate against the bringing about of the New International Economic Order. Durable peace can only be assured through a restructuring of the world economy with a view to establishing the New International Economic Order and bringing the economic gap between developing and developed countries.
Paragraphs 14, 15, 16 and 17 refer to the attitude of the NAM to a new international order, the arms race and the urgency for strengthening peaceful coexistence, detente and co-operation among states:
'Reviewing these disturbing trends, the Heads of State or Government reiterated their conviction that only a thorough reshaping of the international order
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

would ensure the realisation of lasting peace. Security and prosperity for all peoples of the world. Doctrines of strategic balance and deterrence, the concept of limited nuclear war, the accumulation of nuclear arms and the policies of interference, intervention, pressures, destabilisation and occupation directed primarily against nonaligned countries must be abandoned in favour of policies of peaceful co-existence and cooperation on the basis of equality.
"The Heads of State or Governement believed that international relations have entered a phase where decision-making on issues of vital concern to all countries of the world can no longer be the prerogative of a small group of countries howsoever powerful they may be. The democratisation of international relations is an inperative necessity of our times which will lead to the realisation of the unfettered development and genuine independence of all States. The peoples of the world increasingly recognize the futility of basing national security on theories and doctrines which, if implemented, would result in the annihilation of humankind. It is this anxiety that has prompted people of different persuasions from all Sections of Society to come forward in ever-larger numbers to advocate alternative strategies for achieving peace as well as economic and political objectives, rejecting the present policies of the great powers based on the pursuit of military power and which encourage the intensification of the arms race. People all over the world, both in the industrialised and the developing world, who are concerned with questions like employment, economic planning, environment, public health etc., are mobilising public opinion on armament-related issues. Peace movements around the world are increasingly challenging the Cogency of decisions to intensify the arms race, particularly in the nuclear field. World solidarity on the vitat question of human Survival is today not merely a lofty ideal, it is an overriding necessity.
The developed countries of the industrialized world which are responsible for over three-quarters of global expenditure on armaments, are engaged in an arms race which continues to absorb colossal human, material and technological resources. The phenomenal rise in such expenditures in receit years has accelerated inflation, produced high budgetary deficits and a further cutback in the already dwindling Scale of economic aid to developing countries. Recessionary conditions in the developed countries have led to increasing protectionism, thus reducing their trade with developing countries and aggravating the latter's debt burden, balance of payments and other economic problems. The economic and social consequences of the arms race have reinforced these negative trends and militate against bringing about the New International Economic Order. Instability resulting from these conditions constitutes a threat to the security of developing countries by rendering them more vulnerable to intervantion and interference.
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'it is increasingly clear that in the present-day world there is no alternative to a policy of peaceful co-existence, detente and cooperation among states, irrespective of their economic and social systems, size and geographical location. The desire of all States to pursue independent policies is matched today by an awareness of the increased interdependence between nations. As in the political so also in the economic field the revitalisation of the world economy cannot be realized on the basis of autarky at the expense of the developing countries and on the basis a perpetuation of the present unequal relationships between the North and South by rather by recognition of the fact of interdependence, by assober analysis of complementarities and by negotiations undertaken on the principles of equality, mutual benefits and justice for all. Consequently, the peresent world economic Crisis can be resolved only through measures aimed at achieving the New International Economic Order."
To Be continued.
C XC
FILM FOCUS
On Gandhi
This column has been too far immersed in video Piracy and other allied subjects till it received a gentle reminder from the Editor, that the impact of a film that has become the talk of many countries was being overlooked. This 6. 7 crores production was of course Sir Richard Attenborough's "Gandhi", which was a dedication and a dream of the creator for many years. It was released a few weeks ago and received with much acclaim and accolades in the film world. Readers might recall that in its making, it had to weather many a storm in India - a fact that was spotlighted in the Tribune - to which nation Gandhi continues to remain a father figure and a martyr Saint. P. K. De of the Indian Screen reports: ". . . . . . when this film was in the making, there were a spate of protests from many veteran Gandhiites, who apprehended that it was an attempt to devalue the Mahatma's stature and create the erroneous impression that the British were responsible for making him great.: To touch on a few incidents that may not be known to Tribune readership, when Sir Richard approached Jawaharlal Nehru, of his ambition to make this biography, replied the Statesman 'Whatever you do, don't deify Gandhi, don't place him on a pedestal as we have done in India for he was too great a man for that." Several Gandhian experts have examined the Scripts of the film and cleared it with indira Gandhi too making three minor suggestions that were incorporated to the film.
Of the few critics who refused to shift their stand, Sir Richard logically replied, "I would request
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these misguided critics to hold their breath, til the film is seen by them, to be able to judge objectively and fairly, whether I have devalued the Mahatma or distorted the facts insofar as they relate to him." To a large extent he appears to have kept his word. While your reviewer has got down to refreshing his mind about the life of Gandhi , before the film arrives to our screens, press rushes have appeared in Britain and America already, where box office records are being shattered. Victor Conly of the New York Times states that the more important contribution of this film will be that it will bring Gandhi to the attention of a lot of people around the world for the first time, not as a Saint but as a Self-searching, sometimes fallible human being, with a sense of humour as wel as history. The only valid criticism of the film factually has been that those politicians who walked in Gandhi's shadow, to be projected and magnified later by the reflected glory of Gandhi, walk as pygmies in the film. Nehru appears rather docile, together with Patel and Azad who reportedly have been dwarfed and rendered rather inarticulate in the presence of the Mahatma, who was once referred in colonial Overtones by no less a person than Sir Winston Churchill as a 'naked fakir.” vhen he stepped in UK for parleys with the
British Prime Minister, to free his people from the Shackles of colonialism.
The media raves consistently maintain, that Ben Kingsley's portrayal of Gandhi has been brilliant - a crucial test for Attenborough was to discover a personality who would roll into this difficult role as a glove. The music of Ravi Shankar from which much was expected appears to have been overdone according to critics - perhaps overawed by the biography - through- the film's run of 3 hours and 7 minutes. Pakistan's Jinnah too has been caricatured accurately in the film, and how India's neighbour will take to this film is left to be seen. Back to the Screen which assess that "All in all, the film is patently meant for overseas audiences. The Indian generation that has come up in the post independence era, may also relish it, but not those who are conversant with the history of India:s freedom struggle or had been the other great contemporary freedom fighters in action. One should not therefore evaluate Attenborough's film in terms of what the foreign press say or rave about." Hence let us await the arrival of this film for a Sri Lankan assessment - as among our midst are politicians who were fired by the non-violent steps trod by Gandhi, and set out on his ideals as a distant beacon. Our Hansards are full of the enlightening rays of his wisdom that once illuminated the legislature, and sets guidelines today that are repeated in many relevant debates.
HERBIE GOES BANA WAS (English): It's that warm and amiable Wolfswagen 53 again on a rollicking rampage to amuse the kids in this Walt Disney production directed by Vincent McVeety. Herbie is the
TRIBUNE. APRIL 30, 1983

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name of this four wheeler with a human heart and in this, the third of the series, is a youngster who freewheels the hilarious Herbie sequences in and out of a Bullfighting ring, where a confused Bull calls it a day, and to face the local mafia who possess no weaponry to face the witty opponent and its yaning bonnet. A shower of banana bullets buzz the gangsters as they duck for cover, and make way to Herbie and his fittle companion for further laurels in the motor races at Rio. It was all in good fun for the kids who have by now taken the frolics of Herbie to their hearts, and who await further sequels perhaps, in their dreams. Do not deprive them therefore of a what this film dishes out in true Disney style.
YAL/ P/PUNA MALAK (Sinhalese) : A. rather disappointing film for one, under the direction of the young and promising Anton Gregory. It opens to the strains of Namo Mariyani in tribute to Our Lady of Madhu, whose miraculous statue is brought into focus, but lapses thereafter to a pure formule film with the usual gimmicks. While Ravindra Randeniya attempts a weak repeat of his performance in Siripala and Ranmenika style, pretty actresses Geetha Kumarasinghe as the trampled Mal and Teannita Samarawira as one on whose head rests a handsome ransom come together in jungle Settings to a plot that is detached, and in pieces. An incredible, exercise in burning celluloid time - even with the presence of veteran Antony C. Perera who acts like a novice, the film basked on the star system for box office returns.
James W. Benedict.
C
N MELBOURNE
Sri Lankan Products on Display
by Beverley Roberts
Sri Lanka was one of the exhibitors at the Food And Beverages Trade Display which was held at Melbourne's new and imposing World Trade Centre from 29 to 31 March 1983. It is seldom that we see Sri Lanka participating in exhibitions in Australia, and it was indeed a delight to look at a fine display of products making a bid to establish a market in this country. Spices, chutneys, rice, fruits, tea, coconut products and beer mugs vied with the export food items of Bangladesh, Fiji, India. Malaysia, Singapore, Western Samoa and Tong. The Food And Beverages Trade Cisplay was arranged by the international Trade Development Centre on behalf of the Australian Development Assistance Bureau and the Commonwealth Regional Consultive Group on Trade. The
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

purpose of the exhibition was to help the deveoping countries of Asia and the Pacific to increase therir share of the Australian import market. Sri Lanka's stand at the trade display was set-up and manned by Mr. Lakdasa ("Lucky“) Wikramana yake, Chairman, Sri Lanka Trading (Consolodated Exports) Corporation. He is a dynamic trade promoter, and
his excellent display of Sri Lanka's products must be applauded.
The World Trade Centre was an attractive venue for the exhibition. It is a medium-rise complex of five buildings, ranging from five to twelve levels and linked by a common podium, Situated on North Wharf - and described as a 'city within a city' - the centre dominates Melbourne's South-western end add commands panoramic views of the Yaura Rjver, the Port oy Melbourne and the beachside suburbs. The WTC is made up of offices, conference rooms, exhibition areas, theatrette, function rooms, an information centre, a World Trade Centre Club., shops, post office, banks, restaurants, tavern, recreation facilities and an underground car-park for 750 veheices. A large convention centre and an international-class hotel are planned as a future development on the site.
Luxury, efficiency and convenience highlight the design of the complex, and the floor space is divided into 57,000 square metres of offices, 3,000 square metres of Service retail area and 2,000 Square metres of exhibition space. The Centre can accommodate a trading community of 5,000. The Galleria is the focal point of the complex. it is a huge exhibition area, flanked by a 90 seat theatrette equipped with stage and audio-visual facilities; a large, well-appointed function room; and exhibitor's offices, fitted with the latest communication devices. An impressive flight of steps ascends from a scenic riverwalk to the Galleria. This impressive exhibition area is climatecontrolled for comfort. The roof features a series of acrylic-topped light boxes to provide excellent natural lighting all the year round. Glass walls take full advantage of the river views. and the floor is patterned in quarry tiles of red, grey and cream. t is hoped that Sri Lanka's participation in the Food and Beverages Trade Display will enable her to increase her export trade to this country. Perhaps, we can look forward to seeing more Sri Lankan products at World Trade Centre exhibitions in the future ?
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SRI LANKA CHRONİCLE
April 8 - 7
DIARY OF EVENTS N SR1 LANKA COMPLED FROM DAY NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED IN COLOMBO
DW-Daily News; DM-Daily Mirror; EO-Evening Observer; ST-Sunday Times; SO-Sunday. Observer; DM-Dinamina; L D-Lankadipa; VK-Virakesari; ATH-Aththa; SM-Silumina; SLDP-Sri Lankadipa JD-Janadina; SU-Sun; DV-Davasa; DP-Dinapathi: CM-Chinthamani; WK-Weekend; RP-Riviresa DK-Dinakara; EN-Ealansdu; IS-Island: DA-Divaina: IDPR-information Dept. Press Release.
ARIDAY, APRIL 8: The National Savings Bank yesterday reduced its interest rates on one year fixed deposits from 20 percent to 18 percent and six-month fixed deposits from 15 percent to 14 percent; it also scrapped the two-year fixed deposit scheme which paid 22 percent interest-CDN. A bomb explosion near the Jaffna Court House and an attempt to set fire to a bus were two incidents reported yesterday from Jaffna-CDM. President J. R. Jayewarden yesterday directed a team from the Land Commissioner's Department and the Census and Statistics Department to move in immediately to areas reported to have been encroached on by the Gandhian Movement and Conduct a survey to ascertain the extent of illegal settlements. Development Councils are to collaborate with estate administrations to develop plantations in their respective areas-SU. While a major fire is raging in the tinder-dry jungles of Kabaragala, local authorities in the Nuwara Eliya district are severely handicapped by the lack of adequate equipment to fight a fire of this dimension. The Technical Review Committee of the Canadian international Development Agency has informed the Minister in charge of Mahaweli Development, Mr. Gamini Dissanayake that the Maduru Oya Dam and its associated structures have been constructed to a high standard of workmanship and would be completed in two months' time-lS. A new Saiary Scheme has been approved for workers in the Ready Made garment industry; this scheme will be implemented from 2nd May 1983; according to the new scheme an unskilled worker will receive a minimum salary of Rs.450 per month-DP.
SATURDAY, APRIL 9: President J. R. Jayewardene will ceremonially open the sluice gates of the Ulhitiya Oya Reservoir in the Mahiyangana electorate at 10 a.m. today on the invitation of Lands and Mahaweli Minister Gamini Dissanayake. Several pensioners received a new year bonanza on Wednesday; included with their pension was an additional Rs. 200-CDN.
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Two men were shot dead and an old woman burnt to dearh in a night long clash between Air Force personnel and civilians of Wanathamulla in the early hours of yesterday morning-CDM. inflation dropped to 11 percent in 1982, while the country's Gross Domestic Product recorded a decreased growth rate of 5.3 percent. Elections Commissioner Chandrananda de Silva yesterday granted political recogniton to the JVP, NSSP and DWC to contest the by elections to be held in May-SU. Security authorities are currently probing the implications of Leftist connections from
the south in last Tuesday's procession that was broken up by the police. The major fire which was raging in the tinder dry jungles of Kabaragala, Nuwara Eliya was brought under control yesterday, the Government Agent, Nuwara Eliya Mr. Kumar Abeysinghe said. The Ministry of Transport has decided against any further revision of bus fares a spokesman for the Ministry told The lassland yesterday-S.
SUNDAY, APRIL 10: Elections to the 18 electorates will be held in the third week of May with May 20 as the probable date or in the alternative 18th May. The Police yesterday took charge of nine guns believed to have been used by air force men in their clash against the alum dewllers of Wanathamulla on Thursday nignt-SO. Finance and Planning Minister Ronnie de Mel has assured the President Mr. J. R. Jayewardene that projects authorised by the Foreign investment Advisory Committee were being implemented as fast as they were being approved. The Sri Lanka Transport Board will launch its Second flat fare limited stop standing bus service between Fort and Wattala from Monday-S7. The President of the Gandhian Movement, S. A. David was taken into custody on Friday as the government launched an intensified investigation into the activities of this group. Sri Lanka will soon go into the business of printing instant lottery ticket for 25 countries in the region, when the US company supplying the national lottery tickets sets up a printing company here-WK. The breakaway Maithripala Senanayake group has made overtures to the Sri Lanka Freedom Party in a bid to return to the fold, informed SLFP sources indicated yesterday. The Ceylon Workers Congress will align itself with the United National Party and contest the forthcoming local authority elections, Mr. M. S. Sellasamy General Secretary of the CWC said yesterday-S.
MOWDAY, APRIL 11 : A young Maradana resident has been remanded by the acting Colombo Magistrate while investigations into an alleged plan to attack city police stations continue; the CID produced the suspect before the Magistrate on Suspicion of inciting neighbourhood youth to join an April 7 attack. Government vehicles in the Vavuniya area were attacked yesterday and police are following up the possibility that these incidents have been motivated by the current investigation of a 'Gandhian Move
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ment' which is allegedly encouraging encroachment on government land-SCDM. The Opposition Front has virtually left the JVP out in the cold when it was decided yesterday not to apportion any seats for the forthcoming by-elections to the JVP; the JVP request was foreight of these seats-CDM. Sri Lanka's first purchase of crude oil in the spot market, 180,000 metric tons for nearly Rs, 900 million was made on Friday. President J. R. Jayewardene yesterday called on Sports Minister Vincent Perera to draw up a programme to introduce karate in every School as an extera-curricular activity in Sri Lanka-SU. The arrest last week of a Tamil Liberation Tiger terrorist Suspect who is believed to have revealed plans to attack targets in Colombo within the next few days has led to the tightening of security, informed sources said yesterday. A prominent member of the Vavuniya Gandhian Movement, a doctor - by profession, is a close associate of the terrorist leader. Uma Maheswaram who is now in Madras, according to army sources -IS. The United States is to explore the possibility of either setting up or equipping a major modern English language laboratory for the training of English teachers in Sri Lanka-CO.
7UESDAY, APRIL 12. The Ceylon Petroleum Corporation has short -listed three companies whose offers to run the China Bay tank farm are now being intensively evaluated. An award is possible next month, CPC Chairman Daham Wimalasena said. Mr. Leslie Goonewardene, the veteran LSSPer and a member of the elite old guard of Sri Lanka politics died at the General Hospital Colombo early yesterday morning; he was 73 years old. Red and blue lights winking alternately from a ship berthed off the Welligama coast last week, roused police suspicion; a small police party rowed out in a patrol boat and stumbled on one of the h biggest smuggling operations in the SouthCDW. A one day token protest fast will be staged throughout the Northern Province on April 22, against the Prevention of Terrorists Act, the arrest of numerous youths, under the Act and against the closure of the Gandhiyan Movement offices at Vavuniya, Batticoloa and Trincomalee-CDM. Sri Lanka's seasonal evening thunderstorms which should have ended the severe drought have been destroyed by a high pressure cell which has developed over Central India. Leave of all service personnel in the north has been cancelled and contingency plans drawn up for any retaliatory action by the terrorists in respect of the sudden death in the detention cell of Kathirgamathambi Navaratnarajah. Following a government decision at the highest levels two weeks ago, ten development Ministries are to launch a joint offensive on the food nutrition and agricultural fronts beginning April 19 —SU. Five opposition parties have agreed in principle on a no-contest pact and the seat allocations for the forthcoming by elections, it is reliably understood. Bomb explosions rocked the Galle High Court building yesterday morning, leaving five persons injured-S.
1 Ο

WEDWESDAY, APRIL 13: The terrorist suspect who broke out of his cell at the Panagoda cantonment on April 1 seriously embarassing the military authorities was arrested late on Monday night by the Peliyagoda police thanks to what a senior policeman said wsa 'perfect information'. Some 160 young Lankans are Stranded in Bombay-hungry, penniless and begging for a living; Some of them have contacted cholera as a result of insanitary living conditions; they had been promised employment in a Middle East country and were taken to Bombay enroute to their destination by a local job agency –CD/V. Prime Minister R. Premadasa in his traditional Avurudu message to the nation has emphasised the need of unity among two of the major communities in Sri Lanka - the Sinhalese and the Tamils. The Tea Commissioner's Department yesterday turned down an application for registration of a Colombo tea exporter who sought to export a 22 milion rupee consignment of tea to Libya-SU. The Indian Foreign Affairs Minister Mr. P. V. Narasim
hrao will be making an official visit to Sri Lanka on April 26-DP.
THURSDAY, APRIL 14. The wages boards governing sevaeral trades have granted the hundred-rupee, wage increase announced in the last budget to employees under their purview. The University Grants Commission is taking steps to implement President J. R. Jayewardene's policy statement on introducing modern technologies in Sri Lanka, especially computer science-CDN. The Government intends to take a closer took at international friendship Societies and funding organisations operating in this country the amount of funds they handle and who benefits by the funds-CDM. A very expensive Cobalt Deep Radiation therapy unit ordered for the Cancer ward of the Karapitiya Hospital, Galle cannot be put to use as the building in which it was to be installed goes under water during the rainy Season; Sources said that authorities had been aware of the problem. A master plan for the development of electrical power of the century has been formulated under the direction of President J. R. Jayewardene who is also the Minister in Charge of Power; the plan envisages stepping up power generation to 1336 MW in the next 15 years. Mr. Maithripala Senanayake, MP for Medawachchiya, yesterday said that his party had not applied to the Commissioner of Elections for the Hand symbol at the forthcoming by elections -/S.
SATURDAY, APRIL. f6: Private buses came to the rescue of commuters in the city and suburbs during the Sinhala and Hindu new year holidays when the
Central Trasnsport Board services virtually packed up Sri Lanka Prime Minister R. Premadasa began a fiveday visit to Britain and will see Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher on Monday. The report of the Commission of inquiry into the incidents which took place within the Administrative District of Galle from July
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25 1982 will be handed over by the Commissioner Mr. A. C. Alles to President J. R. Jayewardene at his Ward Place residence at 5 p.m. on Tuesday April 19-CDN. The foreign travel currency restriction enforced in France which has caused concern to the tourist industry in Sri Lanka has been relaxed by the French Government following a strong protest made by the travel trades the general public and others involved in the travel business-CDM. While the United National Party and the opposition parties debate the finalist of candidates who would contest the May by-elections, the Elections Commissioner has summoned the Seven Government Agents who are Returning Officers for the elections to a conference this morning. A special team form Jaffna Police has been detailed to track down the brother of Thambipillai Maheswaram the terrorist suspect who was recaptured following his dramatic escape from the Panagoda army detention camp-SU. Five positive cases of cholera have been detected from the immediate environs of Colombo during the last week informed sources in the Health Ministry said yesterday. The hundred - rupee salary increase announced in this year's budget would be paid to employees in the plantation sector too. The funeral of the veteran LSSP leader, Mr. Leslie Goonewardene, takes place this evening at the Minuwanpitiya cemetry, Panadura–fS. A high leve conference between the Government and the Ceylon Workers' Congress is to be held on the 25th of this month to solve the problem of stateless persons and what policies the government should follow in this respect-DP.
SUWDAY, APRIL 17: The LSSP is the second Marxist casualty of the opposition no-contest pact for the 18 by-elections. Are our Northern terrorist (Tiger Movement) following the example of the Irish Republican Army by engaging in illegal narcotics deals to finance their operations in the fight for e separete state? According to a senior police spokesman this may well be so, for out of the known number of Sri Lankan narcotics couriers over 75 percent are said to be northern youths-SO. Despite world recession, deterioration in the terms of trade and the shock of higher oil prices, Sri Lanka has in recent years maintained its impressive rate of economic growth, reduced unemployment and increased economic opportunity for its citizens-ST. Wage earners in the higher income brackets are to receive relief in the form of tax concessions to cushion the blows of the 1983 budget; incomes up to Rs. 2000 are to be exempted from tax while those in the income bracket of Rs. 2000 to Rs. 3000 will be entitled to concessionary tax rates. A fresh outbreak of violence between the two principal northern terrorist groups is anticipated following a scathing attack on the Tami United Liberation Front (TULF) and the Liberation Tiger Group by the rival People's Liberation Organisation of the Tamil Eelam (PLOTE).--WK. Trincomalee Police yesterday took ten persons said
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

to be key figures in the Gandhian movement for questioning at the close of a meeting held by the movement at the Social Services Centre in Trincomalee. The Attorney General's Department has sought. 'President's Leave' to go ahead with the extradition proceedings against Sri Lankan film producer Manik Sandrasagara who jumped bail in Britain while on a
charge of attempting to smuggle narcotics in to Britain-S.
FROM SUMMIT'S ECONOMIC DECLARATION
The World Situation
THE STRUCTURAL IMBALANCES AND NEOUALITIES of the present global economic system which are an important cause of the current world economic crisis, in particular that facing the developing Countries, give cause for grave concern. The economic crisis has deepened since the Sixth Summit and now threatens to engulf the whole world in a major depression worse than the Great Depression of the 1930s. There is, therefore, the urgency to promote new actions and strategies and at the same time reaffirm the validity of the relevant decisions adopted during the Sixth Summit Conference in Havana and previous Summit Conferences. The current crisis affects all countries but it has particularly grave consequences for the developing countries. World production declined by 1.2 percent in 1981 and a further fall took place in 1982. The recession in developed countries has led to unemployment in excess of 10 percent of the labour force, a proportion that is without precedent since the Great Depression. World trade stagnated for two years in succession; and this stagnation has intensified because of the defensive protectionist policies and shortsighted monetary policies practised by developed countries to curb inflation. There were also disconcerting trends towards economic nationalism in Some major developed countries which were contributing to an alarming deterioration in international relations and compounding the difficulties of managing the economic crisis.
THESE DEVELOPMENTS have had particularly adverse consequences for the developing countries as a whole. In the past two years, they have Suffered a loss of foreign exchange availability on the following counts: (i) export earnings have fallen by 150 billion, partly as a result of a catastrophic decline
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in commodity prices. Prices in real terms for most commodities are now almost as low as during the Great Depression: (ii) debt service payments have risen by $ 37 billion partly asa result of high interest rates; d (iii) the annual rate of private Bank lending to developing countries has fallen by $ 25 billions. Allowing for off-setting factors, the net foregn exchange loss ffered by developing countries during this '? is estimated at about s2Oo billion. This massive gecline in foreign exchange availability. translates 'ol lnto a corresponding decline in import capacity of developing countries, thereby reducing the exports of developed countries and threatening a major and unulative contraction in world economic 'y. This alarming process has already begun.
The devastating impact and debilitating effects of the crisis on the economies of the developing countries as a whole, and the least developed countries in particular, had added to their vulnerability. There past achievements were being undermined and their growth jeopardised. The growth in the output of developing countries was only 2.9 percent in 1980 and 0.6 percent in 1981. The per capita incomes of many developing countries, especially of the least developed countries, had suffered a decline. By the end of 1981 the reserves of the developing countries were only a little above $ 100 billion, which could finance barely two and a half month's imports. In Africa they could finance less than a month's imports. The debt burden of the developing countries had shot up to $ 500 billion and the burden of Servicing the debt was as high as $ 106 billion per annum. The balance of payments deficit of developing countries amounted to $ 62 billion in 1982 and is expected to increase in 1983. All this had forced a number of developing countries to defer payments of loans and seek rescheduling of their debts. This rescheduling has been made even more dificult by the imposition of conditions and restrictions.
THE HEADS OF STATE OR GOVERNMENT identified the following as among the most important factors which have contributed towards aggravating the international economic crisis particularly affecting the developing countries: (i) Squandering of vast human and material resources in an unproductive and wasteful arms race; (ii) Inward-looking policies followed by leading developed countries (iii) Á financial and monetary crisis confronting the developing, Countries characterised by (a) a decline in globał liquidity coupled with dwindling reserves, (b) a mounting debt burden, the Servicing of which has become increasingly onerous, coupled with high interest rates; (c) a substantial decline in concessional flows for development; (d) a hardening in the conditionality of financial assistance and (e) increasing obstacles imposed by developed countries on access to international capital markets; (iv) Adverse trading conditions characterised by: (a) protectionist barriers
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imposed by developed countries against imports from developing countries and the Consequent decline in the latter's exports, (b) the Steady deterioration in the terms of trade of i developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and especially the non-oil exporting ones, (c) the contraction of commodity markets, the collapse of Commodity prices and the organized manipulation of the prices of raw materials; (v) The insecurity and insufficiency of food supplies and (vi) A variety of other factors with increasing adverse impact including (a) the obstacles and limitations imposed by developed Countries on access to technology along with rigid and unfavourable terms for the transfer of technology and (b) comulative effects of Continuing brain drain.
Interdependence is asymmetrical as a result of the present iniquitous economic System. The crisis has been deepening over the year because, as the international economic System has become more interdependent, this interdependence has become stili more asymmertrical. The failure of the international community, due largely to the negative attitude of some developed countries who have neither allowed nor facilitated the adoption of an integrated approach to the solution of interrelated economic problems, has further accentuated the impact of the crisis on developing countries.
THE HEADS OF STATE OR GOVERNMENT viewed with grave concern the extremely low and in some cases negative rate of growth of the majority of developing countries, particularly in most African countries, during the first two years of the Third United Nations Development Decade, as against the growrh target of 7 percent envisaged in the linternational Development Strategy. The thirty-six countries designated as least developed, twenty six of which were African, recorded no growth at all over their level in 1980. The situation of those in the Sahel region was desperate. Other developing countries, particularly the low income ones among them, faced a harsh--even hostile -external environment in their efforts to eliminate extreme proverty and to provide appropriate standards of living for their populations. The situation of the majority of African countries was so serious as to require urgent corrective measures, and that fact should be borne in mind in any further multilateral negotiatons.
An important feature of the current world economic situation is the manifest inadequency of the Bretton Woods system, which was established at a time when economic and political conditions were vastly different and only a few developing countries were sovereign, independent nations. The developing countires had an inadequate share of decision making and the System operated asymmetrically to the detriment of developing countries. Among other difficulties they, as deficit and disadvantaged countries within the system, had to face
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the main burden of adjustment while developed countries with economic and political influence escaped international Surveillance and were not Subject to any discipline. The system today is characterrized by wide and erratic fluctuations in exchange rates, excessive dependence on a few key reserve currencies, failure to increase international liquidity in line with the growth of woeld trade abd increasing inadequacies in the resources of the international financial institutions. These limitations have pushed some countries into greater dependence on private banking flows leading to an accumulation of high interest and relatively short term debt, precipitating serious debt crises. As a result private bank lending to developing Countries has declined sharply. Strengtheniing of the role of multilateral financing in the system would create a more stable basis for the private banking system also to play a continuing financing role on the scale required. In the face of the massive shortfall in foreign exchange available to the developing countries, the partial halting and limited steps taken in the Interim and Development Committees since the Sixth Summit, and especially at the recent meeting of the IMF interim Committee are totally inadequate. This underscores the need to create a reformed and equitable international monetary system for the mutual benefit of the world community as a whole.
THE HEADS OF STATE OR GOVERNMENT stressed the need to create a new, equitable and universal international monetary system which would put an end to the dominance of certain reserve currencies, guarantee developing countries a role in decision-making, while esnsuring monetary and financial discipline in the developed countries and preferential treatment for developing countries. The potential efficiency of multilateral cooperation and its role in optimising the funcrioning of the international economic system from the point of view of both developed and developing countries has been amply demonstrated. Even the limited multilateral policies which had emerged as a result of negotiations by the international community over many years and which were designed to allow the trade, financial and monetary system to be more supportive of deve.opment were now being called into question by certain deveoped countries. The Heads of State or Government regretted that those policies were now being subordinated to poititcal considerations and that some developed countries were retreating from multilateralism into bilateralism in matters of financial cooperation. They deplored the fact that despite the obvious limitations of the present international monetary and financial system, in which the private banking system played a dominant role in capital flows, attempts were being made to bring about its increasing privatization.
THE HEADS OF STATE OR GOVERNMENT noted that only some developed countries had adoptted a positive attitude in response to the call for the estab
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

lishment of the New International Economic Order. They therefore hoped for a larger measure of political understanding in the developed countries of the connection between the problems of development of developing countries and the maintenance of international peace and security. Nothing that the present global economic crisis, which has serious political ramifications, was a consequence of various political and economic factors developing in an inter-related manner, they regretted that the search for mutually reinforcing
measueres in various areas had not begun in any serious
arfer.
THE HEADS OF STATE OR GOVERNMEN were, however, encouraged by the dynamic complemen -tarity in the economics of developing countries, especially in the fields of raw materials, energy and technological and financial resources and by the many opportunities which were consequently available for autonomous economic expansion particularly through the strengthening of trade linkages and related cooperation among themselves. They were convinced that the present world economic situation required, more than ever before, the resolute pursuit of appropriate national policies by developing Countries, the utilisation of the full potential of their mutual cooperation through their own institutions or mechanisms, and greately strengthened international economic cooperation.
х EC
FROM SUMMITS POLITICAL DE CARA ON
Olsrael & Iraq O Lebanon
SRAEL AGGRESSION AGAINST THE RAC NUCLEAR INSTALLATION... - The conference categorically condemned the outrageous lsraeli aggression against the Iraqi nuclear installations, devoted to peaceful purposes, as an act of State terrorism and an unprecedented act of aggression whereby a nuclear reactor came under armed attack for the first time in history. The Conference called on the Security Council and all countries as well as international organisations and agencies to take the effective necessary measures to deter Israel from threatening and the repetition of such acts of aggression which gravely endanger international peace and Security. Noting that the same attendant effects and consequences would follow from an armed aggression with conventional weapons on a nuclear installation as from the use of a nuclear weapon, the Conference called for the early consideration of the conclusion of an international agreement to prohibit military attacks on nuclear installations. The Conference expressed solidarity with Iraq and all other developing countries in exercising their right to acquire and develop
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nuclear technology for peaceful purposes and for their development programmes.
OUESTION OF LEBANON : Having considered the grave situation confronting Lebanon, which constitutes a threat to international peace and security in the region and the world, the Conference (a) Declares its Solidarity with the Lebanese people and government; (b) Reaffirms its support for the safety of Lebanon, for its tertitorial integrity, independence and right to exercise Sovereignty through its territory within its internationally recognized boundaries; (c) Calls upon all states to support Lebanon in the implementation of Security Council resolutions 508 (1982) and 509 (1982) in order to ensure the withdrawal of Israeli forces from all Lebanese territory; (d) Calls upon all States to endorse Lebanese efforts to Secure the withdrawal of all non-Lebanese forces, whose presence in Lebanon does not have the support of the Lebanese legal authority; (e) Reaffirms its support for Lebanon in its efforts to reconstruct its economy and strengthen its public institutions in order to attain its national aspirations.
MAURITUS
Problem - Ridden Government
By Anirudha Gupta
WITH THE RESIGNATION of eleven cabinet ministers, Anierood Jagunath's Coalition government in Mauritius is heading Surely for a major political crisis. In last October, a mini-crisis arose when the coalition's youthful and dynamic Finance Minister Paul Beringer announced his resignation and nearly forced a new election. Luckily, however, better sense prevailed. Prime Minister Jugnauth was able to patch up differences between Beringer and the leader of the coalition partner Harish Boodhoo. The Mauritians especially those who had greeted the formation of the new government after June election as heralding the dawn of a new era, heaved a sigh of relief. But-alas - it proved to be short-lived. In many ways the June elections brought about a revolution in Mauritian politics. The moderate independence Party (PTI) of Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam which, in partnership with the small right-wing Parti Mauricien Social Democratique (PMSD) of Gaetan Duval, had ruled the island since indepencence in 1965 was literally booted out of power. In an assembly of 62 elected members, the ruling coalition failed to Secure even a single seat Instead, the voters, whose ranks had Swelled with the lowering of franchise age to 18, registered a massive vote of confidence to the new
14

alliance sut up by Paul Beringer's Movement Militant Mauricien (MMM) and Harish Boodhoo's Parti Socialis et Mauricien (PSM). Together the alliance captured all but two Seats in the legislature and formed a government which vowed to make a radical departure from the old order both in origins and intent.
FOR ONE THING, the MMM (with 42 MPs) pursued a militant Marxist ideology which out across caste, communal and ethnic differences that dominated the island's political life. Ramgoolam's party was essentially a party of Hindus (constituting nearly 60 percent of the population), governed by old men with conservative beliefs and policies Ramgoolam's alliance with Duval's PMSO was only tactical to gain the support of the minority Franco Mauritian community. Thus Hindu-dominated order was overthrown by MMM's fiery Paul Beringer himself a Franco-Mauritanian, with the support of a Hindu group (PSM). in ethnic terms, thus, the Scales were turned upside down; instead of dominating politics, the Hindu PSM played only a minority role in the new government. But, despite a number of Franco-Mauritians in its leadership, the MMM was not an ethnic party. It had the support of youthful groups from Hindus, Muslims, Creoles and Franco-Mauritians. In this Sense, ideology prevailed oever tradition. But what was this ideology? The flamboyant Marxism of Aaul Beringer was not easy to define. He claimed that he learnt Marxism during the Paris riots of 1968. He refused Lenin and openly condemned American imperialism and Russian 'authoritatianism'. Some described his Marxism as an extension of 'EuroCommunism' to a remote indian Ocean island. Whatever be the radicalism of MMM, it took a pragmatic view of the June elections by entering into partnership with PSM. As a Hindu party, PSM talked of socialism, but its main base of support came from a Shiv Sena type organisation called Servents of Shiva. Since this party was not even remotely Marxist, one would suppose that MMM leadership compromised ideology to win over Hindu backers of Ramgoolam's party.
IN THIS SENSE then the coalition accepted Aneerood Jugnauth, a Hindu, as Prime Minister. The Deputy PM's post went to Harish Boodhoo so as to keep PSM ranks under MMM leadership. Beringer himself took over the portifolio of Finance to work out economic details of the coalition's New Deai. What was this New Deal to be? First, of course, jobs to the unemployed numbering over 55,000. Of this total, nearly 40 percent belonging to the age group under 21, who indeed had voted out the old leadership in favour of the new. These young ones - were promised increased unemployment benefits running parallel to oldage pension. There was also the promise of higher wages to the workers in sugar, dockyard and other industries - a cause for which MMM leaders had frequently gone to jail in Ramgooam's time. To meet these promises, the MMM-PSM
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government announced its programme of nationalisation of the sugar industry which earned 75 percent of export earning, employed 28 percent of the labour force and used 80 percent of the cultivable land. in the meanwhile, the Government promised to impose maximum levy on sugar mil-owners to make known its militant anticapitalist bias. In foreign policy also, the coalition's radicalism was pronounced. It declared that it would snap trade ties with racist South Africa, stop sale of vegetables to Americans in Diego Garcia - which, they insisted must return to Mauritian sovereignty. The new government declared that it would build world public opinion and move even the International Court of Justice to regain possession of Diego Garcia. Moreover such a move was described as vita for making the lndian Ocean a "Zone of Peace'. Finally, it pledged to turn Mauritius into a republic.
THE SINCERTY OF THESE PLEDGES should not be doubted, but trouble begins when professional revolutionaries take over the role of administrators. in Zimbabwe when guerilla fighters took the reins of government, they were faced with an altoghether new situation. They made compromises which Prime Minister Robert Mugabe described as political pragmatism. “Marx', he said, "nerver governed a country“. This was also the predicament of radicals in Mauritius. The ethnic-communal line-up which was Supposed to have been disposed of by MMM ideology, returned rather Soon to plague the government. The Hindus opposed the induction of larger number of Muslims into the cabinet. A patty matter of introducing Creol programmes in Radio Mauritius raised protests among the Bhojpuris. Administrative appointments created dissensions even in the MMM leadership. The ethnoreligious factors returned so fast that Deputy Prime Minister Boodhoo bluntly admitted, "one people, one nation, slogan in Mauritius is a Utopia.'
Even in foreign policy programmes, obstacles arose, the Foreign Minister admitted that it was not possible to cut off trade with South Africa without damaging the economy. On the same ground South African tourists, who brought additional foreign exchange, had to be defended. Only Diego Garcia, sunk deep in the South seas, provided a focus for the government to assert its anti-imperialist credentials Within less than six months Beringer's 'Euro-Communism' had taken a U turn to negotiate Soft loans from MF and the World Bank. To obtain Such loans, Bæring 2r er 2n pressad for ending food subsidies and raising prices of rice and flour. He agreed to go slow on the nationalisation policy. Worse still, instead of raising levy on Sugar millowners, the government removed duty on Sugar, obviously to earn more foreign exchange.
ironically enough such policy changes were opposed by Bhoodhoo's PSM, representing the conservative
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

elements in the cabinet. Even some MMM leaders (like Commerce and industry Minister Kader Bhayat) questioned Beringer's wisdom. And, with all the fuses lighted for an eventual explosion. Prime Minister Jugnauth worked hard to save the alliance. As former president of MMM, Juganauth has considerable organisational ability but he lacks the dazzling charisma of his Finance Minister who still enjoys great popularity among the youth. What will happen if Jugnauth fails to hold back his volatile colleague and his supporters? Would Mauritius go to the polis in less than a year to decide its new team of leaders? Luckily, unlike most other African countries, the island has a free franchise, a highly literate electorate and a multi-party system to make the task easy 2.
-Patriot
«UEBUßß
AGRICULTURAL
DIGEST
CITRUs
Soil And Manurial Problems
By Dr. A.W. R. Joachim.
THE AREA under systematically-cultivated citrus in Ceylon has been slowly but steadily extending during the past few years and is likely to be further extended in the future. It is, therefore, essential that those who grow or contemplate growing the crop should be acquainted with some of the important soil and manurial problems affecting successful citrus culture in the Island. Citrus trees do best on deep, welldrained, medium loams with no physical obstruction to root development and water movement within a soil depth of about 4 feet. Thus low-lying clay Soils in which water drainage is impeded, very hards, laterite (cabook) soils such as not infrequently occur in the humid low-country soils in whcih the permanent water table is too near the surface and those with
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an impervious heavy clay or hardpan sub-soil are unsuitable, or, at any rate, unfavourable for the crop unless ameliorative measures e.g., surface and Subsoil drainage, are adopted. Even so, it is doubtful
whether the returns would, in many cases, be sufficiently remunerative to justify the expenditure involved. Soils with a gravel sub-soil, especially in dry and semidry areas where irrigation is not feasible, and those which are too rocky are also not generally to be recommended.
From the chemical standpoint citrus soils should be well supplied with organic matter and nitrogen, available lime, potash and phosphoric acid, and should contain a sufficeinecy of the minor elements, e.g., boron, necessary for ghe health of the trees. Soils containing an excess of organic matter or lime are however to be avoided as on Csuch soils, the trees develop certain physiological disorders and become unhealthy. Fortunately these soils are extremely rare in Ceylon. On the other hand, strongly acid soils such as the Wet patana or the laterite soils, are disadvantageous for more than one reason, the chief being their lack of lime. Soils which are strongly alkaline and contain excessive quantities of soluble sodium and magnesium salts are also unsuited to the crop. These, again, occur but seldom in Ceylon. Citrus is a crop which absorbs large amounts of plant food from the soil. It has been reckoned that an acre of Citrus giving average yields removes from the soil about 55 fbs. nitrogen, 12 lbs. phosphoric acid, 45 1bs. potash and 85 lbs. Iime. It is obvious, therefore, that if citrus is to be grown as a commerxial proposition it has to be fairly heavily manured and limed.
AN ESSENTIAL REOUREMENT for successful citrus cultivation is an adequate amount of Soil organic matter. Ceylon soils are generally deficient in this respect. The deficiency should be made good by the application of farmyard manure, compost and green manure. A fully-bearing citrus tree could receive with advantage up to about 200 lbs. of farmyard or other bulky organic manure per annum. A Suitable time of application is soon after the crop has been picked. Younger trees should receive proportionately smaller amounts. Green manure could replace farmyard manure in part, but, where cover crops are grown, it is essential that they be turned into the Soil or cut and left as a much on the surface before the drought sets in. It is the experience of growers in certain citrusgrowing countries that a permanent cover in the grove affects both the growth and yield of the trees adversely. This is due to the competition between the roots of the main and the cover drop of the moisture and nutrients of the soil. Recent work at the Experiment Station, Peradeniya, by the Demonstrator in Plant Propagation has confirmed this observation.
For the healthy growth of citrus an adequate supply of time in the soil is necessary. Citrus trees absorb
16

large quantities of calcium, their demands for this element becoming greater with advancing age. It has been found that calcium constifutes about a third of the ash content of healthy citrus leaves, while mottled or chlorotic leaves i.e., those which have deve/oped a characteristic yellowing, in part or whole, have much lower proportions of this element. An acute and prolonged deficiency of calcium results in the motling and chlorosis of the leaves, the die-back of the branches, poor crop yields and ultimately even the death of the trees. The periodical liming of citrus trees is therefore fundamental importance in all but a few areas where the crop is grown. The main exceptions are those where the soils are derived from Miocene limestone e.g., parts of the Jaffna peninsula, or associated with crystalline timestone as in the Matale-Dambulla district. Even in these areas, on certain soil types citrus will benefit by liming. it is tentatively suggested that where lime is applied the annual application be varied from 4 to 15 lbs. per tree, depending on its age. Experiment might indicate that larger doses are necessary.
A deficiency of lime in the soil is only one of several causes of chlorosis in citrus. Others are unsuitable physical soil conditions such as those already enumerated, unfavourable chemical conditions e.g., excess of lime, low iron availability, deficieency in the minor elements, zinc, boron, manganese, magnesium, copper, incompatibility of stock and scion, ee/worm etc. But evidence is forthcoming that trees grown on naturally calcium-deficient soils and which have not received adequate applications of lime are most liable to chlorosis. Certain species of citrus e.g., mandarins, are more susceptible than others, but none is immune. Owing to its fairly wide prevalence in Ceylon, citrus chlorosis is at present engaging the attention of the Departmental officers concerned with the subject.
N REGARD TO ARTIFICIAL FERTIZERS for citrus, numerous experiments in other countries have shown that the best response is obtained with nitrogenous fertilizers. Local experience confirms this finding. Potassic and phosphatic fertilizers are also beneficial on many local soils and essential on the sandy soils which are deficient in these elements. Especially when bulky organic manures are used in insufficient quantity, part of the nitrogen applied to the crop might be given in organic from e.g., as blood meal. Any of the ordinary nitrogenous or compound nitrogen and phosphoric acid fertilisers may be applied, but information in regard to the use of cyanamide for young citrus locally is scanty. Superphosphate and basic slag are suitable phosphatic fertilizers to apply. The latter is particularly advantageous on acid soils. Potassium is best given as Sulphate of potash, but kaninit has advantages on certain types of soils.
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Page 19
Only brief reference will be made to the questions of fertilizer mixtures suited to different Soil and climatic conditions, and the best times and methods of application. Definite data on these points have yet to be obtained from carefully planned field trials, With the establishment of a Government citrus plantation at Minneriya, the investigation of some of these problems will be taken in hand. In the meantime the following mixtures, based on the experience of other citrus growing countries and a consideration of local soil Conditions, are suggested for trial on Soils of average fertility, as they have been found to give beneficial. results where tried: 3 parts Sulphate of ammonia or nitrate of Soda ; 2 to 3 parts superphosphate or basic slag and 1 part sulphate of potash at the rate of 4 to 10 lbs. per bearing tree, annually, depending on the age. The suitable combination of nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers should be used. The mixture is advantageously applied about a month before flowering. A month or so after the setting of fruit 1 or 2 lbs of Suiphate of ammonia or nitrate of soda per tree may be given, the quantity varying with the age. Manuring should not be done in very wer weather not in times of drought. A period of light rains is the most favourable.
in regard to methods of application, experiments abroad have indicated that soluble fertilizers are best applied dissolved in the irrigation water. Where this is not paracticable it is suggested that fertilizers and manures for citrus be broadcast and fairly deeply forked into the soil within a circular area extending from a distance of about 2 ft. from the trunk to about 1 ft. beyond the circumference or drip of the tree. Care should be taken that no thick roosts are damaged in the process.
It may be useful to refer briefly to the question of irrigation for citrus. It would be futile to attempt to grow citrus as a commercial proposition in the dry zone without some form of irrigation. Generally speaking an irrigation about once a fortnight should suffice during the period of drought. The quality of the irrigation water is important. it has been found in Palestine that irrigation water containing more than 350 parts per million of chlorine is generally unsuitable for the crop. Very brackish water should, therefore, be avoided for the purpose. If citrus cultivation on a large scale is to be profitable, it is essential that the land be carefully Selected., irrigation facilities provided in the area as in the dry zone, and due attention be given to the cultivation, liming and manuring of the trees.
-TROPICAL AGR/CULTURIST, 1939.
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

THE APHD PEST
In ChiIlies
Green peach aphid, a pest on tobacco has become an important sucking pest on chilli in the last five to six years reducing the quality and yield of chillies. It was already reported on potato, pepper, cabbage, spinach and chrysanthemum. Of late it has become a serious pest of chillies and become a problem to chilli growers in the districts of Khammam, Warangal, West Godavari and Guntur in Andhra Pradesh. These are Soft bodies insects, small in size, measuring about one-two mm in lenght and oblong in shape. They are light yellowish green/pale brownish pink in colour. Aphids are generally seen, when the chilli crop is in reproductive phase i.e., during December-January.
They are found on lower surface of leaves, tender shoots, flowers and young pods. They suck the sap and reduce the vigour of the plant. They also excrete a large amount of honey dew (sugary Solution) which falls on the upper leaf surface of lower leaves and other parts of the plants. On this sugary solution, Sooty mould develops which blackens the surface of leaf, shoots and pods. Sooty moulds interfere with the photosynthetic activity of the plant. Due to the loss of vigour in the reproductive phase, yields are reduced and due to the sooty mould the quality of the pods is affected.
Various insecticides were tested at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur District during the last few years and the following insecticides, each mixed in one litre of water were found to be effective for controlling the pest: Acephate (Orthene 75 SP) 1 gm; Methamidophos (Monitor 50 EC) 1 ml. ; Methamidophos (Tamaron 40 EC) 1.25 ml; Monocrotophos (Nuvacron 36 WSC) 1.5 m. Methyl demeton (Metasystox 25 EC) 2 ml. Except methamidophos, other chemicals are available in the market. About 200 - 300 litres of spray fluid is required to spray an acre of chillicrop depending upon the crop's growth.
- D. Mallikarjuna Rao and Khalid Ahmed in The Hindu
EC
FRUIT FLY Y
NFECTION
ln Murunga
i MORI NGA (Tamil: Murungai) is a popular perennial vegetable in South India, very commonly grown in kitchen gardens, The fruits and leaves are used in Several culinary preparations and are rich
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in vitam ins and minerals. A few important insect pests attack this crop and reduce its growth and yield. The hairy caterpillar (Mosukkatti), leaf webber, ash weevil and bud worms are some of the important pests attacking Moringa. Recently, a fruit fly (Gitona sp.) was found to cause extensive damage to the fruits in several places in Tamil Nadu. The adult is an yellowish brown coloured fly, measuring 1.5 mm in length and a very active flier.
The fly lays eggs on the fruit and the maggots hatch out in two days, bore into the developing fruit and feed on the pulp and Seals. Due to the damage by the maggots, a gummy exudation oozes out from the affected fruits. The infestation starts when the fruits are very young. The damaged fruits start drying up from the tip and in severe cases, the entire fruit will dry up. Sometimes the damaged fruits may also crack and spilt open. The decaying fruits will attract other Saprophytic flies, which can be seen hovering around the affected fruits.
infested fruits get putrified and become unfit for consumption. Both annual and perennial moringa varieties are susceptible to this fruit fly menace. The fruit fly infestation can be effectively controlled by spraying the insecticide Fenthion (Lebaycis)- 0.1% (1 ml of 100% Lebaycid mixed in one litre of water) Before spraying the insecticide, mature fruits are to be harvested and the insecticide applied using a knapsack sprayer with Hi-tree lance. infested fruits are to be collected and buried deep in the soil to avoid further infestation. After insecticide application, a 10-day waiting period is to be given, before using the fruits or leaves for consumption from the sprayed tree.
F. V. Subba Rao, Dr. S. Cheliah & Dr. T. Kumaraswami, Department of Agricultural. Entomology, TWAU, Coimbatore
C C
NEW IMPROVED
Salad Tomato
T 89: WEW IMPROVED SALAD TOMATO
T89 Tomato (also called Bianza) has been accepted by the National Seeds Committee as a new recommendation for the mid-country wet zone. This variety was developed by the Central Agricultural Reserch Institute, Peradeniya. For Several years the production of quality Salad tomatoes in the wet zone has been bedevilled by the Bacteria Wilt disease. Commercially acceptable varieties such as Marglobe, Roma and Atilon could not be cultivated successfully in the wet zone because of this uncontrollable disease.
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Sometimes ago the Department of Agriculture put out a baceterial wilt resistant mutant of Marglobe, called Katugastota witt Resistant. This variety became very popular in the wet zone but it had the disadvanttages of relatively poor yields compared with Marglobe, Small size and Susceptibility to fruit crack on ripening. The new variety does not have these disadvantages. On the contrary, it is large-sized, does not crack, does not exhibit 'green shoulders' and is higher yielding. It also has a longer shelf life.
-Research Highlights, Wo. 12
FOCUS ON THE WILLAGE
FLASH BACK
Village Re-Awakening
Speech made by Prime Minister R. Premadasa at the Sarvodaya Damsak Medura, Moratu wa on 8th October 1979
WHAT WANTED to explainto those state officials who are involved in the Udagama or the Village Awakening project are the aims and aspirations and ideals which inspired us to launch this project. In some areas we found that some state officials had not understood our ideas. To them this was yet another project. And wherever they thought thus there was necessary wastage of men, material and labour. They never thought that there was something new in this project of ours. It is now one year and three months since the inauguration of this project, and it is time to look at what we have achieved so far. For we have to correct our mistakes if there are any. By discussion and listening to criticisim we must correct our mistakes.
would, first of all, like to State the ideals which are behind this project of ours. There is no question that poor helpless citizens should be given a chance to lead a better life. To achieve this we need houses. water schemes and means of livelihood for them. But these are not the only ideals we have. We had a deeper ideal shining before us when we launched this project. This ideal dawned, nurtured and grew inside us for sometime past. Especially during the seven years when we were in the opposition we thought about this ideal. We wondered how we could have prosperity, spiritual advancement and human liberties of our people ensured in one package deal. During the General Elections under the leadership of His Excellency the President, we went round the country and told the people that our intention was to build a righteous.
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Page 21
society where political freedom, economic prosperity and moral upliftment all coexisted in equal measure. At that time many people thought that we were using these concepts as political slogans. Even after we got political power a number of state officials thought thus: 'There is nothing new; we will go on as we did. if we are asked to build a road we will build a road. lf we are asked to build a house we will build a house. lf we are given the money we will do what ever we are asked to do. When the higher ups come we will garland them and receive them. We will get Some children together to sing a song of praise. We'll Salute them not once but twelve times. Let them come. We will go our own sweet way'. This is the tradition.
WE DON'T WANT ALL THESE. You as state offfcials receive a salary. I don't think that when one considers the responsibilities which have been heaped upon you that you could be adequately compensated by a Salary. Your responsibility is too great to be measured by a salary. We give you a subsistence allowance which cannot and does not measure the enormity and magnificence of the tasks which are before you. We can measure your service by your dedication to duty. What we want is to make the next generation a morally better generation than the present one. There is no point in talking about it. The time for action has come. And we can realise our goals. "
WITH WHA HIGH IDEAS were the old colonisation schemes started ? Everything was provided by the State, paddy fields and high land were given, houses were given. Cattle and livestock were given. And after all these were provided people were allowed to settle in their new homesteads. But when one little tile on one of their roofs broke, they wrote to the State demanding its replacement. This is a slavish mentality. There is no belief in one's own capabilities. There is no belief in self-help. One lives in a way that Somebody else wants. A long time has elapsed since Independence; but this slavish mentality, this mental and physical laziness is still with a large number of us. Somebody must help us. The State must help uS. We do not realise that we-all of us-are the Government. We see the faults in others; we do not See the faults in ourselves. We do not want to See our faults even if we have any. Shall we think of ourselves a little P Before trying to mould Society shall we first try to mould ourselves 2 | firmly believe that if we correct ourselves than Society's ills will correct themselves automatically. People constitute a Society. When I say people the term includes me too. Therefore I must strive to correct myself, reform myself. Only can correct myself. Before we go to sleep every night shall we for a moment go through what we did during the day ? What lies did I say today? What wrongful deeds did perform 2 Did act according to my conscience 2 By such self
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

criticism we must develop moral values inside us. And the country too will benefit as a result.
if there is any organisation in Sri Lanka which is motivated not by the profit motive but by a motive of deep commitment it is the Sarvodaya Movement. say this honestly. We have to take a lesson from the Sarvodaya Movement. If we desire to accomplish any given task, if we set our goals clearly there is nothing that we cannot achieve in this world. It is no use talking. We have to act. We have to be a model to others. We have to be truthful. We have to behave So that others will believe in us. In order that others may believe us we must first believe in ourselves. If we think in this fashion then it is easy to rebuild the nation. The strength in us and the resources we have are adequate to rebuild our nation.
WE CAN GET OUR COUNTRY AND OUR PEOPLE to Stand proud and erect on their own feet once again, without going on bended knees before other people. But we must rid ourselves of the slavish mentality which i spoke of earlier. We say there are no jeeps, no machines, no facilities. We always think of ways of not doing a thing. We never think of ways of how to do a thing. This is slavishness in thinking. We never think independently. With defeatist ideas in our minds how can we go forward? We have to change our attitudes. We started our model village project not merely to give better houses to people. We wanted to restore to our people the Selfconfidence, the sense of dedication, the moral Values which have slipped away from them and to drive away from them slavish attitudes.
if something is being done by the State no one should feel that the State is doing it. It should be done as a people's job, an attempt to Satisfy a Want of the people. There is no need for the Government official to show off as being in the front line of a movement. The will of the people, the participation of the people, must come first. We think that these people are ignorant; that we must do this or that for them. It is true we can do all these for them. But if we do so, we could be perpetuating the Salvish mentality which is afflicting our people. If we do these things ourselves then how can we cultivate in the minds of the people. belief in themselves in Selfhelp, in their own worth ? in affairs of the State can we not try to stay away from traditional modes? Can we not commit ourselves, dedicate ourselves to this noble task? At least in launching the village awakening project can we not behave in exemplary fashion ? Shall, we do this as a service to the nation ? We must do this service to the nation. We must act so that those who see us doing our work will believe in us and in the work we do. Our people are very good. They are as good as gold. If they find that something is being done properly then they will learn a lesson from us. They will take an example from us. The
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people hate to see lies and corruption. When one says one thing and does another who will believe in one 2
We started the Udagama movement from the Badalgama village in Yapahuwa. Because it was difficult to get the people to participate in this movement at the start we built them the houses and supplied them with other facilities. Most of the villagers lived by begging; we gave them Some rural industry which helped them to give up begging. At first they wanted to go no begging. But after days and months of persuation they took to basket weaving. That was one leap forward. Now they are happy. On the average one person earns over one thousand rupees a month. Some earn even more. Does a Graduate earn as much? Some Attorneys go to Courts everyday and return briefless. But the people of Udagama are earning much more than them. Basket weaving had been traditionally their means of livilihood. The Cottage industry Department that establishing a Weaving Centre here would be useless. Yes, it was partly true. They had got used to turning the rabana and begging. But we were not easily discourned. Today they eran so mcuh that they gave a part of their profits to us, which we returned to them. Today they live in clean houses, beautifully kept.
To be concluded
DROUGHT Writing On The Wall
By K. Kanapathi pilial
This subject has of recent times proved to be a formidable poser; and it is very starting news that we get through the mass media: the T.V. and the Press. Hence, we have to view it in all seriousness. If we are really true patriots and lovers of our country and people, we, every one of us, have got to view this menace as something that has assumed gargantuan proportions. Who knows, it might soon turn out to be a national disaster. Isn't it the outcome of our shortsightedness, and object lack of vision and a true national concern ? The consequences might prove disastrous. It might be the apotheosis of our lack of interest in our national and vital concerns.
is this the fate that has befallen an island that was of yore described as the "emerald isle:, "the pearl of the Indian Ocean", the “'embellished pendant: around the neck of mother india It is fast deteriorating, so far as its natural wealth is concerned, and progressively and distressingly becoming a deserta 'Green Desert". Now that we are embedded and embroiled in this messy situation, we have to take
20

courage and pose this question in true earnest, and then, every one of us, from the teeny teenager to the highly matured Sextuagenerian, has to seek and discover a lasting solution, failing which this menace might prove to be a national catastrophe and become a recurrent calamity.
Why and wherefore is all this ? How has man offended got varuna 2 Man, in Sri Lanka, has, of recent times, turned out to be nature's marauder. He has gone on jauntily, and with a fore-shortened vision, exploiting nature far too exploratively. One of the worst was the wanton destruction of forest trees under the guise of "timber industry;' to keep going the massive building programmes, industrial projects, the 'grama: expansion and rebuilding and housing programme, the colonization schemes, and the Land Development programmes. The net result is that we have successfully denuded our surface soil, exposed the bare red earth, so blatantly and loudly exhibited in our television pictures, and we have succeeded in presenting to every foreign visitor to our 'green isle' a deeply Scarred, and scored, and furrowed landscape. Our Isle that once had 60 percent of its surface under forest Cover - Dry Zone, Wet Zone and Transition Zone forests - has now only 15% of its surface area underforest cover.
The two plantation crops: tea and rubber, occupy the major portion of the wet hill slopes and the mid elevations and river valleys of the South West country. The colonisation development projects have eaten into the very vitals of the vast and extensive Dry Zone Monsoon forests. And then what of the Arid Zone: the two crescent shaped protions in close proximity to Mannar and Hambantota? They are fast graduating and qualifying to be 'Arizonas'. Our rainfall pattern has shifted and has assumed the desert pattern viz., Bunched showers that come in sudden unexpected squals, pour in torrents, and then the nimbus lift as if by magic and vanish, no one knows whither. Well, these are bad signs - writing on the wall - nature's timely warning. And so we have got into the merciless grip of the drought.
What a mess we are in 2 The State will have to give this subject top priority, Scrap the timber exploiting department or transform it into a Reafforestation Department, and make an all out sustained effort to clothe the naked landscape, to Smoothen, lave and wipe out the offensive scars on mother nature's countenance. In this effort two programmes will have to be planned and followed - a long term programme, say a ten or twnty year plan and a short term programme, And in the latter, wherever possible, a mosaic pattern of fast-growing trees like the Eucalyotus, pil-pil, Polyalthas, Gliricidias, may beso deveoped in close proximity to villages, as to from mini woods; and in long term project forest reserves will have to be clearly defined, Staked out and rehabili
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

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tated, care being taken to see to the preservation of useful timber trees, pasture land and 'talawa: and 'patana:: vegetation.
Stringent forest reservation laws will have to be entrusted with the rehabilitation programme. The 'bald:" look that the Sri Lanka landscape is fast assuming will have to be effeced at the earliest possible opportunity by this Government and several successive governments, for half a century or more. Then we shall have recovered from the malady that has gripped us; and then we will have Survived as a Nation of nature lovers.
52, Walliah Road, Battica/oa.
UDAGAMA
The New Awakening
by Rita Sebastian
They lived in wattle and daub hovels. For generations the outcasts of society their living came from begging in the neighbouring villages. Then one day a man with a vision walked into their lives. That is the story of Udagama. Thirty miles off Kurunegala in the Yapahuwa electorate Badalgama was just another impoverished village until that March morning in 1978 when Prime Minister R. Premadasa stopped by. Here a Small rodiya community was barely eking out an existence. Seated under the spreading branches of a tamarind tree, Prime Minister Premadasa listened to their woes. They had no jobs. 'We are raban karayas: they told him. V
It was a dialogue that was to Set in motion a new concept in the island's development strategy - the village re-awakening movement. The wheels of bureaucracy that ofen move so slowly were geared into action. In barely 75 days twenty-two-two-roomed units, a School room, playground, community centre and viharage transformed the once sleepy little village into a nerve center of activity. It was a momentous step. Badalgama did not merely change its name but its very lifestyle.
Now four years later what has Udagama achieved. Has the vision conceived that March morning been realised ? The fact that over 160 odd villages have up to now followed in the wake of Udagama is answer enough. 28-year-old Jayaratne and his wife Bisso were among the new tenants. Today the parents of 3-year-old Susantha they make a comfortable living. The days when they did not know when their next meal would come from belongs to the past. Even memory refuses to resurrect those hard, agonising days
\سمبیہ
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

of hunger and neglect. Jayaratne owns half an acre of paddy land besides the 60 perches on which his house is built and where he grows subsidiary food crops. The rains had come to Udagama and the vegetation looked lush and green that Sunday morning. Paddy thrives best on natural rainfall explains Jayaratne. irrigation is a poor Substitute.
His main interest though are the ekel brooms and caneware that he turns out with the help of his wife. On an average Jayaratne's earnings add up to about Rs. 500/- a month and like most of the villagers he prefers selling his wares directly to the neighbouring villages. This explains Mr. Owala who is in charge of the cane Ware Sales centre is because the profit margin is bigger. Gunadasa and Maccamma have four children The eldest is eleven and the youngest two. The two. older ones go to a regular school and the younger ones to a Montessori school run by Sarvodaya.
AS we walked across gardens and called on other families what took precedence over the barkings dogs was the music - Sinhala, Hindi and Tamil blaring out of transistors. If the new affluence meant owning a transistor, then Udagama has really come into its own for from two transistors the numbers has increased to seventeen. The Community centre houses a library and some indoor games, but is hardly used because during the day the villagers either work in the fields or journey miles into the interior in search of cane. And in the evenings stay home cleaning the cane and turning out their wares.
Udagama has changed the lives of the villagers in more ways than one. They who never went to a hospital do so now using the facilities at the hospital in Maho. Their earning capacity has increased from the Rs.10/- 15/- they made begging to Rupees 40/- to 50/- a day being gainfully employed. What Udagama has done for the Rodiyas is integrating them with the rest of the community. Working side by side in the field or work room, life has brought new meaning and a new way of life for these once neglected and oStracised section of the community.
C - C
HEALTH
The Chunam Tragedy
Rupavahini has released a special feature programme entitled Children in Darkness. The Chunam Tragedy. The telecasts are in the three languages, Sinhala, Tamil and English.
According to a press release approximately 20 Sri Lankan children are being blinded every month by Chunam packaged in plastic packets. When this corrosive lime and water mixture Squivts into a child's
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eyes it causes an injury which cannot be treated even by surgery. The result, in every case, is permanent blindness in the burned eye. Chunam packaged in bete leaf or in packets which are slit open when they are sold is quite safe. But the Sealed plastic packets burst when children play with them.When the packages. burst the lime sprays into children's eyes causing terrible burns. The car tissue which then grows covers the cornea and causes blindness. Even Cornea transplant surgery has failed to help these children.
The exact number of blinded children is not known, But at the Eye Clinic of the Kandy General Hospitaljust one of many such clinics in Sri Lanka, well over 100 blinded children have been treated. Five or six more of thcese tragedies are recorded at Kandy every month - no one knows how many occur in other parts of the island. The only 'cure: for this infliction lies in persuading betel chewers to stop buying chunam in plastic packets or, at the very least, to require the Sellers to slit the packages open when they are sold, so they cannot burst explosively Photographs are available of children blinded by Chunam and treated at the Eye Cilnic of the Kandy General Hospital. Many of these children were blinded by packages of pink chunam - lime mixed with saffron which the sellers claim is not dangerous. That is not true. These children are just as blind as those burned by white packets of time.
For further information, contact Dr. C. R. Seimon at the Kandy General Hospital - Residence phone : 08 22565.
THAT DAY
In Badalgama
by Clarence Fernando
was there in Badalgama, in the Kurunegala District that day in June four years ago when that tiny village of about 200 people stepped out of Stone Age conditions into the Sunshine and basic comforts of a modern Society. was among a party of journalists that travelled from Colombo to Badalgama at the invitation of Prime Minister, Ranasinghe Premadasa's energetic Press Secretary to witness the village awake from a long sumber of neglect and backwardness under the ambitious Village Reawakening Movement Mr. Premadasa had launched. The movement is part of the United National Party government's programme to set up a house owning democracy.
The day was 23 June 1978, Prime Minister Mr. Premadasa's 54th birthday, when Badalgama stepped out from centuries of primitiveness to be renamed
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Udagama (awakened village). It was a happy day for the villagers who had been living in one roomed mud huts like Stone Age caves and had a single well for drinking water. There was no sanitation, no School, no medical facilities and no electricity. They had no public transport and the nearest bus halt was five miles away. There was not even a post office or any other facility for miles around.
The simple Appuhamys and Agginonas and the children were under-nourished. Many earned their living by begging and often went to bed on empty stomaches. The Scanty clothing they were comprised their entire Wardrobe. In the days gone by they had been cane weavers. They had abandoned that traditional craft after cane became hard to come by. The curtain fell on all this when the little village was transformed into an 'awakened village' with rows. of brick built cottages, with cement floors and tiled roofs and pipe-borne water and proper latrines. Among the other facilities were a school, a health centre, a water tank to irrigate land for rice and vegetable cultivation.
Handing over the keys of the new cottages to the happy villagers, Prime Minister Mr. Premadasa said: 'You have no excuse to beg now. You have the land to cultivate.: The government was determined to give every citizen an opportunity to earn a living and lead a useful and dignified life, he said. There were few people in Sri Lanka that day who were as happy as the people of the first Udagama as they walked to the new cottages and to a new life. Having moved into their homes late that evening after the public ceremony which was presided over by Mr. Premadasa, the happy Udagama men, women and children it up the night sky with a dazzling display of fireworks. The brilliance that was seen for miles around was a joyful message to the neighbouring villages and to the country, that a new village had been born and that the sunshine that enveloped it would eventually light up some 25,000 backward villages that dot the country.
As we returned home that night while the fire crackers were exploding and the rockets were setting the heavens on fire, we wondered whether the village Reawakening movement would end up line a flash in the pan, like some wel intentioned projects. which often start with abang and end with a whimper. Prime Minister Mr. Premadasa, acknowledged by the people and by his colleagues in the government as the most industrious and hardworking minister, has kept the movement alive. As he sees it, the future movement, which playes a vital task in the establishment of a free and just Society, appears secure.
To date Some 168 villages throughout the country have been awakened and are now enjoying the basic comforts of a modern society. Today several other villages will rise from their long slumbers like Rip van
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

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Winkles to gladden the hearts of poor folk who now spend their lives in conditions as bad as those the villagers of Badalgama had endured. Several hundred more are on the drawing bards as the movement has captured the iamagination of the outside worldsparking off aflood of generous offers of aid.
The Friedrick Naumann Foundation of West Germany has given aid for 300 more villages. The Sri Lannka Jatika Sarvodaya Sharmadana is also participating with the Urban Development Authority. Mr. Premadasa says: 'The movement symbolises the struggle we have been waging as a free people to re-establish the social economic and ethical conditions that existed before we were subjugated. The heart of the country lies in the villages. For a variety of reasons, like the rest of the country our villages too lay in a state of deep sumber for many years. 1982.
Vlclles ፩”ኂቓ0ዘß(ዐፆቹ f A.گجے تھے
o Cricket O Organisation
Sri Lanka's cricket which sank to a very low depth after the recent tours of Zimbabwe, Australia and New Zealand where they fared disastrously raised its head Somewhat with two grand victories against the Australians in the Two of Four One-fay Internationals played at the P. Saravanamuttu Stadium recently. By winning the Second game, which at one Stage looked. only a pipedream Sri Lanka proved that the victory in the first game was no mere flash in the pan and that when it comes to Limited over cricket we are second to none. It is also apparent that the presence of Sir Garfield Sobers here had done a tremendous amount of good to our cricketers, the game in general and the country at large. Sir Gary has no peer as an around cricketer. He was a dazzling batsman and a left arm bowler who could bowl fast, use the seam later and then if the wicket showed signs of taking spin he bowled spinners that hamboozled the batsman.
Sir Gary holds several records in cricket, the best one being 365 not out against the Pakistanis which broke the record that was held by yet another Knight of the Willow - Sir Donald Bradman. Sir Gary's services was obtained by the dynamic President of the
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

Board of Control for Cricket in Sri Lanka, Mr. Gamini Dissanayake. It was Mr. Dissanayake who also invited Sir Gary here to inaugurate the Cricket Foundation. There is no doubt that when the history of the game here is written, there will be a special place for Gamini Dissanayake who continues to do so much for the upliftment of the game here. Gamini is always ready to help and so long as he is at the helm, Sri tanka cricket stands poised to gain.
Getting back to the game, when the almost national Squad led by Duleep Mendis lost to a team led by Ranil Abeynaike spectators at the match jeered at Some of the players who fared badly at the match. But this defeat seemed to have only spurred our cricketers and skipper Duleep Mendis to perform better than what was expected. Mendis in particular although he has still to find his best form, led them magnificiently. The inclusion of young Arjuna Ranatunghe into the National squad seemed to have had an invigorating effect on the whole team, and Ranatunga by example raised the hopes of all team mates. Ranatunga played in Abeynaike's side, but his splendid form with the bat warranted his inclusion in the Sri Lanka side. And he has more than justified the selection.
In the first game Sri Lanka took the field one bowler short. They had Asantha de Mel, Vinodhan John, Rumesh Ratnayake and D. S. de Silva to share 40 overs among them. For the other five overs the selectors relied on Ranatunga to bowl and Ranatunga not only bowled economically, but also dismissed the hard hitting Australian vice captain David Hookes. When it came to his turn with the bat he showed signs of breaking into some fine strokeplay. But his innings was out short when he mistimed a flick and lollied a catch to the fielder standing close in. If Ranatunga showed sings of breaking into some dazzling strokeplay in the first limited-over game he realised this dream in the second game when he blasted the Aussie bowling with a vengeance to all corners of the field to give Sri Lanka victory which at one stage with openers especially Susil Fernando being painfully slow tooked an impossibility.
Ranatunga's innings of 55 not out was a masterpiece. The moment he took strike he knew that there was no time for technique and correct batmanship. He knew he had to have a go at every ball sent down by the Aussies. He took the chance and luck was with him on that day as he set the P. Saravanamuttu Stadium, alight with his fireworks. Sir Garfield Sobers who sees a lot of cricket in young Ranatunga would probably have been the happiest man to see his protege meet with such scintilating success. Ranatunga well deserved the Man-of-the-match award. As Ranatunga made victory possible in the Second Game, it was wicket keeper Guy de Alwis who was the hero in the first One-day international. De Alwis who came into the game after Mahes Goonetilleke decided to throw
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in his lot with the 'rebels', did a marvellous job behind the wickets.
In catching five Australin batsmen out, De Awis set what probably would be a world record in Limitedover cricket. The catch he took to dismiss the Australian skipper Greg Chappell was a marvellous effort. He was watching the bowlers arm, and sheer anticipation that made De Alwis, position himself to take this near impossible catch. While de Alwis has improved a lot behind the wicket it is most distressing that his batting has been forgotten. De Alwis must remember that there is tremendous batting potential in him and when he next takes strike he must make it his business to show his natural prowess with the bat. For his splendid work behind the sticks he was awarded the Man-of-the-match award in the first game.
AS for the Aussiesthese two games are best forgotten. Their batsmen were not at all impressive and their bowlers failed to perform to expectations. Dennis Lillee their main Strike bowler seemed a spent force. The operation he has had has apparently made his knee still stiff and holding him back. However, the Aussies will hope that they have the Lillee they knew for the World Cup tour of England. Greg Chappel, too, has not shown local cricket fans his true ability with the bat. Although scoring a half century in the second game, Chappel has not been the fluent and free scoring batsmen he is well known as, it is every cricket fan's hope that Chappel will at feast find his form in the Test match to be played at Asgiriya and subsequently the two One-day games to be played at the Sinhalese Sports Club ground.
The Sri Lanka cricketers led admirably by Duleep Mendis have shown that they are a team of cricketers to be reckoned with in Limited-over cricket. Their two outings against the Aussies have proved fruitful and if they concentrate and apply themselves more they should be able to win the remaining two one-day games the one-day Series against Australia, This would be a fantastic feat considering the fact that the Aussies won the One-day Triangular series beating England and New Zealand. *
- We leave the cricket and take a peep at the organisation for the two one-day matches. A big boduet to the Tamil Union and especially to the energetic C. T. A. Schafter who took upon himself the entire organisation for these two games. Schaffter a former Thomian allrounder and skipper of the Tamil Union was a glutton for work. He spent several sleepless nights and with a willing and efficient band of workers to help him he ensured that every spectaror was Comfortable. We done Schaffter
At a press conference held at the Oberoi, skipper Chappell announced that this would be his last fing as captain of Australia. He has captained
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Australia against practically all Test playing countries. He would say farewell to the Australian captaincy after this tour. But the great Greg Chappel made it clear that he would be available for his country under any other skipper. He also revealed that he has ample time to give to cricket and that he would continue in the game for a lot more time to come. He said he was available for the tour of England in June and then for the visit of the Pakistanis to Australia. He also said that he would in the future decide on his cricket season by Season.
ALLROUNDER
SPORTS CHRONCLE
April 8 - 7
FRIDAY, APRIL 3. In a low scoring Board 50 over Practice Match, Roy Dias: X defeated Duleep Mendis: X by four wickets with 10 balls to spare at the NCC grounds yesterday: Duleep Mendis: XI 149 and Roy Dias: XI 150. Petroleum Corporation won the Nationalised Services A Division Cricket Title in debut; they beat Ceramics, last years runners up by 47 runs on the first innings at the Colts grounds yesterday; Petroleum 256 and 130 for 3 and Ceramics 209. Thurstan scored an easy 126 run win over Mahanama in a 50 over cricket match at Vihara Maha Dewi Park yesterday: Thurstan 257 for 9 in 50 overs and Mahanama 131 all out in 33 overs. A hat trick by Lucas Fernando and some Superb goal keeping by Jude Karunaratne an old De Mazedonian enabled Sunny Mount Sports Club beat the more fancied Ratnam Sports Club 3 goals to 2 in the Mayor's Cup Football tournament played at the City League grounds last Wednesday under flood lights.
SATURDAY, APRIL 9. The mighty Saunders Sports Club were humbled again when they lost their second successive match to the Old Ben Sports Club who beat them by 3 goals to 2 in the Mayor's Cub Football tournament match played on Thursday at the City League grounds under floodlights. Sri Lanka captain Duleep Mendis produced one of the finest innings in limited overs cricket at the NCC grounds yesterday when he hit a superb chanceless 95 not out to see his side to victory by eight wickets. Roy Dias: X 208 and Duleep Mendis: XI 210. West Indies outclassed india by seven wickets in the third one-day cricket international at St. Georges on Thursday to win the series 2 - 1 ; it was a low scoring match, West indies needing to score only 167 to win; India 106 and West Indies 167.
SUWDAY, APRIL 10: sipatana after a promising Start went down tamely at the end to give Thurstan the possession of the W. A. de Silva Memorial
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Challeng2 trophy for the second year in succession in their third annual limited over encounter at the NCC grounds yesterday; Thurstan 171 all out in 41.5 overs and Isipathana 110 all out ir 37.2 overs. Kurunegala youth Cricket Club are poised for an easy first innings victory in their Daily News Trophy final round match against Matara Sports Club at the Uyanwatta Stadium today after dismissing Matara Sports Club for 131 runs Kurunegala Youth CC made 102 for 4 wickets at close of play. Rekha Sports Club obtained first innings points yesterday itself in their Daily News Trophy final rounds game against Colts at Havelock Park; Colts 195 and Fekha SC 230 for 6 at close.
MONDAY, APRIL 11. Atrocious fielding by Rekha where several easy catches were grassed, deprived them of an outright win in their Daily News Trophy final round match against Colts at the Colts grounds yesterday: Rekha 230 for 6 overnight were all out for 361 with a 116 run partnership for the seventh wicket; Coits 195 and 221. Thurstan's 18 year old Chandana Jayaweera lost the mens singies final to Anoja Tilakaratne and foiled his chances of emerging Triple Crown winner at the recently concluded Novices: Badminton Championships conducted by Colombo's YMCA and held at the Peradeniya University Gymnasium. Serendib Sports Club seems a factor to be reckoned with when they held last year:S champions victory Sports Club to a one all draw in the Mayor's Club football tournament match played on Saturday at the City League grounds under floodlights.
TUESDAY, APRIL 12: Indrani Abeywickrema sprang a major Surprise when she beat Seeded player Laila Jafferjee 5 - 7, 7 - 5, 6 - 1 in their Somen's Singles match at the Nuwara Eliya Open Tennis Championships at the Hill Club Courts at Nuwara Eliya yesterday. T. D. R. Peiris maintained his unbeaten record in the National Chess Rating Tournament; he beat Ajith de Alwis in the sixth round and tops the standings with a maximum six points with shal Weerakoon in second place, one point behind and that promising novice Lakshman Wijesuriya, third with 4 points. A captain's innings of 147 not out by Gordon Greenidge and his unfinished partnership of 174 with stocky allrounder George Linton earnec Barbados a significant advantage over the lindians on the Second day of third four day cricket match at Bridgetown: Barbados 61 for 3 midway anc Indians 246.
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 13. Sriya Munasinghe an Natha Karunagoda toppled top Seeds Priyanth Bandaranayake and Laila Jafferjee 6 - 4, 3 – 6, 7 – ! to take the Women;s Doubles Title at the Nuwar Eliya Open Tennis Champions on the Hill Clu courts yesterday. Army won the Moore Shield fo the first time when they hung on grimly to their 2 -
lead at half time and beat Matale's Malwatte SC i this Knock out Hockey Final on the CCC grounc
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

Ot Monday. Ratnams beat Yorks in a 3 - 2 thriller in their Mayors Cup Soccer Tournament match played underflood lights at the City League grounds.
THURSDAY, APRIL 14: Sri Lanka:s Sagging cricket morale was rejuvenated yesterday at the Saravanamutu Stadium when they beat Australia by twowickets to take a 1 - O lead in the Four Match 45 over One Day International Series; this victory also silenced those critics who said, 'we were not good enoguh:. Australia 168 and Sri Lanka 169. Ranil Peiris clinched a fine Golf Double Gold Medal and Captain's Cup in the Tournament played on the Nuwara Eliya Gold Course yesterday. An own goal ny Mowjood of Pettah Sports Club gave Sunny Mount a win by one goal to ni in the Mayor:s Cup Football tournament match played at the City League grounds under floodlight on Tuesday.
SATURDAY, APRIL 16: Taunton School Under 16 cricketers from England wound up their three-week tour of Sri Lanka with an exciting 8-run win with one mandatory over to spare against an Under 1 / team from Nalanda College at Campbell Place yester- . day; in reply to Taunton School 170 for 9 declared, Nalanda were well placed on 112 for 1 but slumped to 162 all out. The cricket match between the touring Taunton Schools XI and Halls X sponsored by Warner Hundnut (Lanka) Limited and played at Rarley Road recently ended in a draw; Taunton Schools 199 for 9 and Halls X 171 for 6 at close Ratnam Sports Club turned tables on Old Bens Spurts Club when they trounced them by six goals to one in the Mayo's Cup Football tournament first Semi-final match played on Thursday at the city Football League grounds under floodlights.
SUWIDAY, APRIL 17: Arjuna Ranatunga — a spunky 19 year old whom the selectors did not want in the team for the twin tours of Australia and New Zealand, was Sri Lanka's toast in the second limited-over cricket international against Australia at the Saravanamuttu Stadoum yesterday; Australia 207 in 180 minutes and Sri Lanka 213 in 185 minutes. Black Square beat Negombo Jupiters by tvo goals to one in the Sri Lanka Police invitation Soccer Tournament at the Police Park yesterday. The Michaelmen Women: Netball team became the Batticoloa netball champions by beating their strong rivals the Batticoloa Women's Sports Club in the Netball Tournament conducted by the Ministry of Sports in Batticoloa.
* XC , ! ROWING INAUGURAL
Moratuwa University vs St. Thomas College
This was held on April 9th at the Colombo Rowing
Club, and although the attendance was Small, much care and artistry had gone into the preparation of the
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trophies and programmes. The five events were all won easily, Moratuwa University claiming at the sculling events, and St. Thomas' College the two coxed pairs, the fours, and the overall trophy for the highest number of points awarded, the Colvin Sirimanne Challenge Oar. Apart from Moratuwa having trouble with an oar, which had to be pegged so that it did not dig, there was no trouble with the equipment The carpenters had done a good job.
B. G. Lalith Deepthi Kumar won the Sculls, and Chulaka Perera the Novice Sculls. Rukesh Perera and Dinesh Deheregoda, coxed by Sanjiva Cooke, won the pairs , and Munsoor Ali Hassen and Amri Janaideen coxed by Sanjiva Dassanayake, won the Novice Pairs. Both novice races were rowed over 880 yards, the pairs in a time of 4 mins. 42.9 secs., the sculls in 4 mins. 41.7 secs. The Senior races were rowed over 1,000 yards, the pairs in 5 mins. 25.2 secs, the sculls in 4 m. 55.0 secs. Deepthi Kumar sculled extremely well, and So did Chulaka Prera. The winning college senior pair made a very good combination, and of the pair they beat Sanjiva Bandara was impressive. Amri Janaideen, the stroke of the winning novice pair looked powerful. The main race was the fours. St. Thomas' who won had M. L. de Silva at bow, Dylan Perera at 2, their captain Randev Jayasuriya at 3, Lloyd Randal at stroke, and Sanjiva Dassanaike as cox. The losing Moratuwa University crew comprised Keerthi Karunaratne, bow their captain Sihil Daluwatte 2, Pulasthi Merath, 2, Ravi Wickremasinghe stroke, and B. G. Lalith Deepthi Kumara cox. The winning crew was very good indeed. They did the 1,000 yards in 3 mins. 51, 6. Secs, and the losing crew did it in 4 mins. 4 secs., which was not a bad time.
The University Regatta-in the March 12th number of Tribune, it is deeply regretted that Tribune Correspondent gave the names of the B and the C pair's winning crews inaccurately. The winners were S. Bandara and B. G. Lalith Deepthi Kumar in the first mentioned race, and P. Hearth and S. Daluwatte in the Second, both crews being coxed by C. R. Wickremasinghe.
Rowing Correspondent
ROWNG
Sculling Championship
The finals of the sculls and the pairs, and the fours race will be rowed this evening (30/4/83) on the Beira Lake. There are five entries for the Herbert Sirimanne Memorial Trophy. Herbert Sirimanne was closely associated with rowing until the day of his death, and three of his children were actively engaged in the sport. Of the five scullers, Percy Fernando
26

has the best record of Sculling behind him. He has not been so constant as regards training because of the nature of his work the last few years, and so a chance as regards winning this race must be given to Srimal Wickremasinghe who is currently the sculler with the most experience of those who have been constantly in training. Next we have Hussian Anverally who may well win this race. He has had the east experience of those taking part, and this is because of his age, but he won both the Gordon Armstrong and the Wardrop the last time these races were rowed. if he wins he will join the select few of those who have won all the three sculling trophies is the Club. Rohan Fernando has made a welcome return to rowing after an absence and his chances in this sculling race cannot be ruled out. S. U. Fernando is rather an unknown quantity, and incidentally he is Percy Fernando's newphew. If Jeya Ponniah is a late entry and Sculls, he may well upset all the above predictions. As this article has to be in a week before the race, it is not possible to give the finalists here.
The Firms Pairs has attracted entries from the Auditors, the Tea Buyers, and the Army. The Auditors are represented by the Subasinghe twins, who have had much experience together. but whom we have not seen on the water these last few WeekS. C. Handy and Rohan Fernando represent the Tea Buyers, who have been practising, and the Army is represented by Major O. K. P. Gunasekera and Maj. P. P. Fernando, who have taken their training very seriously. Both majors have captained Royal in rowing. The Subasinges would seem to have the best chance of winning.
The Colombo-Outstations Fours is being rowed again after Some years, and there are no less than six persons vying for places in the Outstations Four. This crew when it last went out on the water prior to handing in this article, had another army oarsman at bow, V. Welikale at 2, O. K. P. Gunasekera 3, Percy P. Fernando stroke and Chulaka L. Perera cox. P. R. Daniel in a reserve. The Colombo four we are told will beformed from Sihil Daluwatte, Randev Jayasuriya Lloyd Randall, Dylan Perera, Roshan Abeysekera and Hussain Anverally.
There is a Novice Pairs race with two entries, the University of Moratuwa crew formed by G. Alexander, bow, D. Fernando, stroke, and S. DaluWatte Cox and a S.Thomas' College crew whose composition has not yet been disclosed. There is every likelihood of a special race in boats presented to the Colombo Rowing Club by the British High Commission, boats which have not yet been used for racing, both very fine pairs.
Our Rowing Correspondent
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

Page 29
TEN DER N0 TCE
MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT,
HOUSENG & COMSTRUCTION. DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS
Tenders for Construction of 2 Nos Grade IV Ouarters New Hospital, Galle will be received by the Chairman, Tender Board, Department of Buildings, Colombo 1, up to 10.00 a.m. on Wednesday 18.05. 83.
O2. Tender Forms could be obtained from Chief Construction Engineer New Hospital, Galle before 4. 15 p.m. on 06.05. 83 by registered. Contractors or 'Trial Letter' holders of Department for Rs. 750,000/- and above on production of a tender deposit receipt for Rs. 250/-issued by Buildings Department, Colombo or any Kachcheri outside Colombo.
03. Please note that Private Company tenderers should declare the names of the current Directors and shareholders. Public Company Tenderers should declare the names of the current Directors.
04. Any further particulars could be obtained from the above Engineer.
K. C. Samaraweera Director of Buildings DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS P.O. BOX 504, COLOMBO 1. 21. O4, 1983
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

Govt Notice
Notice Under Section 9 Of The Land Acquisition Act (Cap. 406) As Amended by the Land Acquisition Act. No. 28 of 1964.
Reference Wo. ATH 78/643 (A)
It is intended to acquire the land discribed in the Schedule below. For further particulars please see Gazette Extra Ordinary No. 240/3 of 11.04. 1983 of Democratic socialist Republic of Sri Lanka:
D. R. O. 'S Division Moratuwa
Situation ... Within the U. C, limits of
Moratuwa
Village : Koralawela and Moratu
wella
Wame of Land : Madangahawatta and Dom
bagahawatta
Lot /Wo. 1 - 21
Plan Wo. P. P. Co. 5993
The Kachcheri, H. C. Gunewardena
Colombo. District and Officer,
Date:- 07 April, 1983. Colombo District. EJP/ 12/11
MAKE
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CONFIDENTIALLY Scientists' Chicanery-3
S T NOT STRANGE that even after Arthur C. Clarke's warning the Ceylon Daisy News should go to town on January 24 with a front page story entitled MYSTERY OBJECT-BALL OF FIRE FROM THE SKY 2 The report read: 'The object around which there is much mystery and speculation fell like a burnt out mantle of a pressure lamp when he felt it, said 23-year-old S. H. Sarath who claims to have touched the object. He was curious enough to feel the object which hit a Small coconut grove about one and a quater miles from Mawathagama town proper. About one square metre around where the object landed had small pieces which resembled pearls . . . . . A team of officials visited the spot on Saturday evening and Scooped out the object and the sand surrounding the spot and left by helicopter. Large crowds visited the area on Saturday but interest apparently died down yesterday when a few people took a peep of what many claimed to be a small part of the Soviet Cosmos Satellite but others say could be a small meteorite . . . . . . Meanwhile, Mr. G. M. Premachandra the MP for Mawathagama said that he did not take any chances and no Sooner he heard about the presence of the object he contacted the Foreign Ministry and the Atomic Eneregy Authority in Colombo to activate an investigation. Good humouredly, the young parliamentarian said that even Space objects seems to be falling on his electorate because of its importance.:
THAT in the meantime a Reuter message from Washington (datelined January 24) stated that 'A chunk of the Soviet nuclear-powered spy satellite Cosmos 1402 weighing Several thousand pounds (kgs) plunged harmlessly into the earth's atmosphere over the Indian Ocean yesterday, US officials said today. They said they believed the main piece of the 8000-pound (3,600 kg) satellite burned up as it tumbled to earth.' That this immediately gave rise to a nevv "tvist” that the object that fell at Mawatagama was a meteorite, ? That on the same day, January 24, the Sun under the headine SCENTISTS ANALYSE MYSTERY OBJECT : DEBBRIS FROM METEORITE 2 published this report: 'The unidentified space object that caused a stir in Pitakande, Mawathagama on Saturday has now been tentatively identified as a fragment from a meteorite. Scientists who rushed to Pitakande from Colombo on Saturday afternoon carried detailed analyses of these fragments at the Radio isotope Laboratory of the Colombo University ... . . . . he emergency team of the Atomic Energy Authority is now carrying out more detailed analyses of the fragments to determine the chemical structure which could enable them to rule out either of the two possibilities: meteorite or Cosmos particles?
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'..... Meanwhile, at Pitakande, Mawathagama, thousands of people Congregated to watch a decontamination team in action. Equipped with geiger counters and other paraphenelia of the trade the emergency team of the Atomic Energy Authority cleared up the area in which the USO fell, methodically removing all fragments which had radio active emissions . . . . . . ' That in the meantime one daily paper Started laughing at the whole business? That The ISLAND in an editorial on January 25, said: ""A little bit of brave new Scientific culture has falen on Sri Lanka and the boffins are agog with excitement. Is it dreaded Cosmos or part of a meteorite?... in buses and trains where normally they talk of such mundane things as the cost if living or in government offices where the school cricket calendar is studiedly scrutinized the talk is about the Cosmos. To the cynics who relish irony, the present concern and anxiety over the Cosmos (remember a similar pother over the Skylab Some years ago? ). When sometimes ago the Skylab was poised to plunge down to earth there was similar panic but nothing like what a multinational news agency chose to tell its readers. This agency informed its readers all over the world that the villagers of Sri Lanka were praying and propitiating the 84,000 gods of the pantheon to ward off the evil, a cosy picture which, of course, accords with the slereotype of the backward East which operates in the western mind . . . . . Magnet tests, iron and metal particles, analytical chemistry and chemical structures - this is the solemn litany which forms the background score for the mission of the scientific miracle workers. Space age prophets are Summoned and the mandarins of the science departments and the research institutes step out of their laboratories Straight into the page one of newspapers.' That though the sceptics had begun to cast doubts on the Mawathagama fireball the newspapers continued to flaunt headlines that took Sri Lanka into outer space 2 That the Ceylon Observer had a front page banner headline MAWATHAGAMA SPACE OBJECT NOT RADIOACTIVE:: IT'S A METEORITE and the report read: 'The flaming object that fell at Mawathagama on January 22 has been identified as a meteorite, ending speculation whether it was a part of the nuclear-powered Soviet Cosmos 1402. Atomic Energyy Authority chairman Dr. Granville Dharmawardena said this morning that none of the people who were at Pitakande, Mawathagama where it crash landed, will suffer from radioactivity. "This was our first concern,' he said. Tests were done at the laboratories of the Colombo University and at the Geological Survey Department. Dr. Dharmawardena will be Submitting a report on the entire incident including their conclusions to Industries and, Scientific Affairs Minister Cyril Mathew this afternoon. Meanwhile part of the object was sent to Government Analyst for independent investigations on Thursday. Government Analyst E. B. Dassanayake was hopeful his tests will be concluded by the week-end.'(To be concluded)
TRIBUNE, APRIL 30, 1983

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