கவனிக்க: இந்த மின்னூலைத் தனிப்பட்ட வாசிப்பு, உசாத்துணைத் தேவைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தலாம். வேறு பயன்பாடுகளுக்கு ஆசிரியரின்/பதிப்புரிமையாளரின் அனுமதி பெறப்பட வேண்டும்.
இது கூகிள் எழுத்துணரியால் தானியக்கமாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட கோப்பு. இந்த மின்னூல் மெய்ப்புப் பார்க்கப்படவில்லை.
இந்தப் படைப்பின் நூலகப் பக்கத்தினை பார்வையிட பின்வரும் இணைப்புக்குச் செல்லவும்: Tribune 1983.10.22

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TENDER NOTICE
MNSTRY OF LOCAL GOWT. HOUSING AND CONSTRUCTION. DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS
Tenders for construction of Two Storeyed ward Block of 24 Beds for Bokkawela Hospital-Stage 11 will be received by the Chairman, Tender Board, Suprintending Engineers Office Department of Buildings, Kandy upto 10.00 a.m. on Wednesday 26. 10.83.
O2. Tender forms could be obtained from District Engineer / Kandy North before 4.15 p.m. on 20. 10. 83 by registered Contractors or "Tria Letter" holders of Department for Rs. 300,000/- and above on production of a tender deposit receipt for Rs. 250/- issued by Buildings Department, Colombo, or any Kachcheri outside Colombo.
03. Please note that Private Company tenderers should declare the names of the current Directors and Shareholders. Public Company tenderers should declare the names of the Current Directors.
04. Any further particulars could be obtained from the above Engineer.
K. C. Samaraweera. Director of Buildings.
DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS, P. O. BOX 504, COLOMBO 1, 1983.10.11

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TRIBUNE
A Journal of Ceylon and World Affairs
Founded in 1954
Every Saturday
Editor : S. P. Amaras ngam
Wo. 28 No. 1
October 2, 1983 43, Dawson Street. .
Colombo 2.
Tel: 33172
LETTER FROM THE EDITOR 1 -Tribune & English
EDITOR's NOTEBOOK 2
Round Table
SHERLOCK HOLMES 3 -Cattle Exports
WITHOUT COMMENT 5 -Wow Punjab
FILM FOCUS 6 —Loатs
SRI LAN KA CHRONICLE 9 -October 3-9
FOREIGN SCENE 12 -Punjab, North-South, PLO, Flight Rules? AGRICULTURAL DIG EST 15 -SL Rice, Incentives, -Mustard, Vegetables
Mini Generators
RECONSTRUCTION 2O -Weeramantry's Plea -Why the Degeneration?
SPORTSCOPE 24 -Bristol Trophy, Chronicle
CONFIDENTIALLY 28 --Cows for Slaughter
ETTER FR
THOUGH N SIX ation, this issue is because there (first during the El around the time O was broken as On 60. Be that as it r has, from the bythree decades bl. among them. Trit versial questioms big-timer, but in it by most people v koning, each cop number may be a libraries in the number of reade that for over twe in the wortex ( combined with á a slight lessening twenty years bel languages im Sri have long forgott are also welcome to the view that Sinhala-Also for a common script and routime admi racial, multi-ling and have-nots) Co chauv, mism, Tribt intergral part of a national langu3 cannot be defea use a World lang that had enslave world language The Ërglisg larg imperial power, people because world knowledg opening to the fighters against cultural) maturit has been pleadi suicidal impact streams im 1941 rivers cannot to be fashioned to : measures. The flow together. longer the lang have seen to th should be made world language developed (swa all schools, in r

OM THE EDTOR
VIONTHS, Tribune will complete thrity years of publicmarks the beginning of volume twenty-eight. his were two six-month periods of voluntav Suspension, mergency after the communal riots of 1958 and second f the 1971 insurgency) and also because the sequence e volume ended om number 40 and another at number nay, a great deal has happened sine 1954. and Tribune lines, not only recorded the major events of the last it also carried commentaries on the more significant une has also been the forum for Some df the controof the day. Tribune has mot set cut to be a sensatiora ts own small way can claim that it was and still is read who matter and make opinion. On a conservative recy of Tribune is read by ten to twelve persons and tne more in respect of the copies that go abroad Nearly island Subscribe to Tribune but we have no idea oftne 's in these libraries. One matter that merits mention is hty five years of Tribune's thiry-year existence it has been of virulent Sinhala-Only-cum-Tamil-Only chauvinism Inti-English jingoism. Since 1978/79 there has been of the anti-English mania, but it will. be at least another ore English can come into own as one of the natioal Lanka on the footing that it is a world language. People en it was the language of their colonial masters. There indications that more and more people have come round the Simhla-Only and Tamil-Only should give way to Tamils and Tamil-Also for the Sinhalese. The adoption of (Roman, preferably) for all non-scholarly, non-academic mistrative matters will definitely help to unify this multi Jistic, multi-religious, multi-caste and multi-class (have bunty Even in the darkest days of Swabasha language ine had held fast to the view that English should be an the Sri Lanka ethos mot as a link language but as ge. We had also pointed out that cultural imperialism ited or eliminated without a nationwide capability to uage, English in this case. The fact that the imperialism d Sri Lanka was British is no reason to throw away a hat has been in use in the island for nearly 170 years. uage has also long outgrown the parochial confines of and empires have been brought down by third World the language of their masters opened the window to ! im politics economics and culture. Sri Lanka needs am world and English has provided this so far. The greatest imperialism in Sri Lanka attained political (and even f through a knowledge of the English language. Tribune ig for triangulism especially because of the nationally of the trifurcation of our educational system into three lt is mot possible to reverse the process of historymade to turn back-but the destiny of a country can efere a better future if there is a will to adopt correct post-1947 three streams have to be slowly brought to his can be done and must be done. English is no age of a small elite. The cinema, the radio and the TV S. There is also now a universal demand that English available to everyone who is desirous of knowing a in Japan and many other countries with very Wei pasha) languages of their own English is now taught in any of them from the kindergarten to the University.

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EDITOR'S NOTEBOOK
Round Table
Colombo, October 17:
President Jayewardene has last week taken a positive and meaningful step to initiate a dialogue on the ethnic problems which had led to the holocaust that had devastated the country in July and August. He has invited the SLFP, LSSP, MEP and the CPSL to a Round Table Conference. This invitation should be viewed in the context of two interviews Mrs. Bandaranaike (who has now once again brought the SLFP under her Sole custody) had given: first, to Mervyn de Silva, Editor of the Lanka Guardian, and the second to Ajit Samaranayake of The Island. Mervyn de Silva's interview was a scoop that has deservedly received the Widest publicity here and abroad. Ajit Samaranayake's interview (Sunday, Island 16-10-83) was really a follow up om Mervyn's after the President had Sent out the invitations. Tribune will FOR THE RECORD publish relevant extracts from these interviews in forthcoming issues
of the paper.
The TULF has not year beein invited because neither the office-baarers of the Party nor its MPs have taken the oath under the Sixth Amendment. The President has taken up the position that the Round Table should be confined to persons who and parties which have subscribed to the concept of the untary State. Mrs. Bandaranaike had confirmed in the Lanka Guardian interview and repeated it in The Island interview that she thought that the Tu LF should b2 invited without 'preconditions'. She had originally stated this to the Sun and the Indian Express. This is wrat she had said: 'Yes, the TULF must finaily renounce the separatism but that need not be before negotiations. Amirthaligam explained his problem and I must say that I found the position was understandable. Rightly or wrongly, though we do mot endorse their views, the people of the North voted for a separate state. Of Course it was a good election slogan for the TULF But that is the TULF's mandate, as he told me. If he were to turn back on that mandate, he must get the approval of at least his party at a conference. If they get Some concrete offers, some practical alternative proposals, then they can tell their people, let's consider this, let's discuss this, this is what is offered.... We are going to have an allparty conferemce with all the major parties, UN P, SLFP etc. and let us at least negotiate. The TULF can try to persuade thair people. If you are interested in negotiation, you cannot ask one party to come to the table after giving up their main demand . . . that's not the way to open talks, if you are serious We are all interested in a political solution and settle
2

ment . . . not for the sakƏ of the Tamils. . . . but for the sake of the Sinhalese and the Tamils and the whole country. If you accept that attitude, then you must approach in a different spirit. This is a serious Crisis and those who lead the people must think very very seriously and act with cousage and sincerity Wou must be bold. . . . “.
Some members of her Party had suggested that the SLFP should agree to attend the President's Round Table talk only after her civic rights ware restored. But she has ta'en up the position that she would not insist on pre-conditions for the SLFP to participate in the talks. The Daily News (17/10/83) published a reply to Mrs. Bandaranaike's Lanka Guardian interview from an 'authoritative source' (which chose to remain anonymous.) Tribune will publish this reply For The Record, but for the present it will. suffice to cite the first two paragraphs: "If Mrs Bandaranaik 2 blieves that th2 current government Tulf deadiock should be broken, she should support negotiations on the basis of an undivided country rather than aggravate the problem by backing the TULF position of retaining the separatist option. The wholehearted support promised in parliament by the SLFP to the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution is now turning out to be Mrs. Bandaranaike's support for the Tull position'.
The SLFP has, however like the LSSP and MEP aked for clarification on Some matters i.e., parties invited, agenda etc. etc. The CPSL had been proscribed on July 30 and four of its leading cadres had been detained. They ware released about a fortinkght ago. Over the radio there was an announcement om Friday October 14, that the proscripton of the party had been removed and that the President had invited the Party to participate in the Round Table. At the time of writing these notes, the General Secretary, K. P. Silva, had thanked the President for the invitation but his said that the Central Comittee could not m et to discuss the invitation. because the o'ice was still seated with a police guard, that the removal of the proscription had mot been gazetted and ban on their pap2r Aththa had not bein lifted.
it may take a little time for these preliminaries to be resolved, but it is clear that the President is anxious to get some discussion going among the major political parties, which have already accepted the concept of a united Sri Lanka on all aspects of the Tamil minority problem. The UNP, SLFP, LSSP, MEP and CPSL represent the overwhelming bulk of tha Sinhalese, Muslims and the non-TULF andl non-Eelam Tamils. The Political wing of the CWC and the political wing of the DWC (which has come out very strongly in favour of a united Sri Lanka) should also be invited to the Round Table. The JVP and the - NSSP have gone underground and they are said to have proclaimed that they were interested only in a revolutionary seisure of state power (this comes
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

Page 5
along the grapevine). With all these parties (except the JVP and JSSP whose views are unclear) committed to a unified country, the TULF should very seriously consider whether they should refuse to negotiate if there were preconditions that directly impirged on the mandate they had got in the 1977 elections. Are there not enough lawyers to, work out a formula to save face 2 is the demand that there should be a good enough alternate package for Eelam in itself not a hother pre-condition ? Are these not matters which should be thrashed out between all the parties around the Round Table 2
y
SHERLOCK HOLMES
Exporting Cows For Slaughter
SHERLOCK HOLMES had raised the question about the export of cattle in this column in the issue of Tribune of July 9. He had withheld comment unti the Editor received a communication from the Ministry of Rural lindustrial Department setting out the reasons for allowing the export. In the meantime, the Sun om July 21 under the headline CATT'LE SHIPMENT TO DUBA Sl'OPPED reported: "The loading of 1,000 cows for shipment to Dubai was stopped om a Preseidential directive yesterday. President J. R. Jayewardene had asked the Trincomalee Coordinating Authoritv Rear Admiral ASoka de Silva to halt the loading in a special communique last morning. Sun exclusively reported yesterday that four persons were fined and imprisoned by the Trincomalee Magistrate for cruel treatment of the cattle that were awaiting shipment. The Trincomalee police have been told to report to President Jayewardne on the proposed shipment of cattle. S. P. Trincomalee, Jayatissa Herath, in the wake of the Presidential order took steps to prevent loading of cattle aboard the ship Ebnesia presently berthed in Trincomalee harbour. The Harbour Police were placed on guard near the vessel. Sun leant that the local agents who had completed a deal with Dubai to send the cattle for cross-breeding were having problems rounding up the 1,000 head were having problems rounding up the of cattle for snipment. Only 500 animals were in 'rincomalee. The “Ebmesia' had beem berthed in Trincomalee since May 12 to sail away with the animal cago but was delayed due to non-availability of cattle and tension in the area'.
Though a ban was placed on the export of the shipment in question around July 20, the dislocation that followed the disturbances that began on July 23-24 was used by the exporters to send a shipload of about 1,000 haed of cattle (all cows). As the permit issued by hite Ministry of Rural Industrial
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

Development was for 2,000 cows, the importer has asked the local suppliers to collect another 1,000
CO AVS.
AT THE CABINET MEETING on Wednesday, October 12, 'the Government decided to place a Permanent ban on the export of cattle, goats and other animals on representations made by the Minister of Land, Land Development and Mahaweli Development Mr. Gamini Dissanayake. This rose from a previous export of a thousand head of CCWs to the Gulf om a licence issued form the Ministry of Rural industrial Development. The consignment of COWS went to a Sharjah buyer. On a previous occasion the satter of this export to the Gulf was brought P and President J. R. Jayewardeme wanted a ba imposed but owing to the disturbances that prevailed in the country at the time these animals had been shipped abroad. Cabinet spokesman, State Minister Mr. Anandatissa de Alwis Said that the ban has been imposed because Sri Lanka did not want the cattle to be slaughtered abroad. There is a ban om the slaughther of cows in Sri Lanka“. (Daily Mirror, 13/10/83).
Though a permanent ban has now been placed it would be useful to examine Some aspects of the mechanics and methodology of the first (successful) export of cattle (cows) from Sri Lanka to the Middle East. It would be useful to place om record tho.o respondence between the Editor of Tribune and the Ministry om this subject. On July 7, 1983, the Editor received a letter from Mr. K. N. Weerakody, Secreta y fo the Minister of Rural industrial Developments under the heading 'Export of Cattle' that read: With reference to the conversation You had with Hon. Minister regarding a news item in a Oca newSpaper on the above subject, he nas directed me to send you here with a note clarifying the matter'. The letter was delivered by hand by a Senior Official of the Ministry who told the Editor that the 'note was not for publication. The Editor thereupon told the official that what he had wanted was a state for publication setting out the reasons for permitting the export of the cattle.
The official undertook to inform Mr. Weerakody abou this request As no such statement Was received for nearly a week, the Editor wrote to Mr Weerakody on July 13 as follows 'Export of Cattle. Your Ref 3/5/298 s thank you for your letter of July 7 and the 'note clarifying the matter' that is about the export of cattle. Mr. Saktivel who brought the note told me that the 'note was not for publication. told him that what I had asked the Minister was a statement for publication. therefore requested Mr. Saktivel to kindly ask you for a note that can be published. I had also wanted some additional information (1) the name and address of the exporters; (2) the name and address of the consignee in the UAE;
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(3) the guarantees, if any, obtained from the consignee or the UAE government that these animals were for breeding purposes and mot for slaughter ; (4) the steps taken to secure that the guarantee about non slaughter would be implemented; (5) whether consideration was paid to the question whether these COWS could not have been used in other areas in the island, short of cattle, for breeding purposes. have mot heard from Mr. Saktivềl. I am also umable to reach him om the telephone. I shall therefore se thankful if you can send me a letter containing the infor mation contained in your note of July 7 together With answers to the 5 matters I have raised above.
look forward to a very early reply'.
AFTER ANOTHER WEEK, the Editor wrote to Mr. Weerakody on July 20 as follows: "We are daily expecting a reply to our letter of July 13, but We have So far not had the courtesy of any communication from you. We therefore take it that you have nothing further to add to your statement of July 7, 1983 and that you also have no objections to Qur using it as a statement which contains the reasons for permitting the export of cattle. Tribune will make its own comments on the matter of the export of cattle but we will be happy to publish anything you wish to say on what we or any of our columnists write On the subject'.
While Sherlock Holmes was preparing this note On the footing that Mr. Weerakody was mot imclimed to send us a reply to our letter of July 13 (sent Registered-Express), om July 23, we received a reply from him dated July 19 but posted om July 22 (mo doubt after reminder of July 20), which stated 'With reference to your letter dated 13th July 1983 On the above subject, I give below the additional information you have requested: (1) Messrs Nagoor Meera Agencies, 142/1, Galle Road, Colombo 3; (2) Messrs AI Wishah General Trad & Const. Est. P. O. Box 5061, Sharjah, UAE ; (3) Gua'antee given by rhe Importer; (4) The Sri Lanka Embassy in Abu Dhabi is aware of this purchase and has telexed this Ministry conveying a guarantee from the importer that these animals are for breeding and mot for slaughter; (5) Yes, consideratiom was givem to this aspect. It was found that the demand for cattle by local cattle breeders in other areas is for cross-bred, but not indigenous stock. There is no objection to the publication of the note on this subject sent to you with my letter of 7th July 1983."
THE "NOTE' clarifying the matter which accompanied Mr. Weerakody's letter of July 7, read as follows: "Export of Cattle: Recently the Ministry of Rural industrial Development authorised the export of a consignment of indigenous cattle to the Middla East. This has received publicity in the press and some of the comments that have appeared in the newspapers are evidently based om miscomceptions. A clarification of the circumstances and conditions under which the export was allowed would therefore seem
4.

desirable. Authority has been granted for the expart to the United Arab Emirates, of a consignmet of 1,000 indigenous female cattle for breeding purposes. It was stipulated that the purchase of these animals should be comfirmed to the Polomnaruwa, Mulaitivu, Mannar, Batticoloa, Trincomalee and Amparai Districts. In these districts, the availability of grazing land has been diminishing at a rapid rate, consequent to the implementation of the Government's developmet programme. Large extents of land on which cattle were traditionally grazen are therefore no loner avilable to cattle breeders. Further, it has been the practice of cattle owners in the East Coast who generally own much larger herds than cattle owners in other parts of the country, to move their cattle seasonally from place to place in Search of suitable grazing. The pattern of land development and settlement now being unde, taken in the Diy Zone under the new irrigation projects World necessarily require that these a "ge herd be gradually reduced in size. The present system of cattle management will have to be replaced by a more stable system, with crop and stock integration at the small farmer lavel. The only option open to cattle breeders owning indigenous cattle, with no access to grazing lands of sufficient extent to feed their animals, it is sell their excess stock to the butcher.The prices paid to the farmer by local butcher are too well known to need comment here. Thus another condition imposed on the exports was that cattle breeders be paid a minimum of Rs. 5/- par kilo live weight. Cattie breeders' desires of reducing their herd size would thus have an opportunity of selling off excess females at a price they would normally not have fetched. For these reasons the export of this consignment of indigenous cattle was permitted'.
Sherlock Holmes says that he had asked many experts to prepare full and detailed reports on this attempt to export cattle from Sri Lanka. One such report appears in the CONFIDENTIALLY column this week on page 28. Another report about the development of livestock in the oil-rich countries of the Middle East states: "Over the past decade or So due mainly to the surplus of hard cash and the need to be agroindustrial conscious, Middle Eastern countries with petro-dollars have inter alia commenced many pro - grammes including dairy development. Large herds of high producing European breeds (often in air conditioned parlours) have been set up in these couintries. They are now said to have the highest producing cows in the world.
That the UAE or any other oil-rich country will want to import de:replit 3attle for bree ding' from Sri Lanka is hard to believe. It is more than likely that the importer wanted them for slaughter. It is also interesting to note, says Sherlock ' that the price fixed is a minimum of Rs. 5/- a kilo live weight. Currency tiquiries about prices in the UAE and Sr. Lanka reveal that this minimum price is ficitle
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

Page 7
tious intended for wholesalo under-invo-- lcling. Does Mr. Weerakody know the live eight price of cattle in Colombo, in the Eastern province or anywhere else in the period AprilJuly 1983? What is it now? What is the price anywhere else in the period AprilJuly 1983? What is it now? What is the price of live weight ten Sharjah, Abu Dhabi.
Sherlock Holmes” wil have more to SaY about this matter in the coming weeks.
WITHOUT COMMENT
Now in Punjab Six Pulled out of Bus, Shot Dead
Chandigarh, October 6: The stepped up action by extremists shook Punjab as eight persons were gunned down, including a CID sub-inspector, and more than half a dozen injured at least three of them seriously, in two different incidents in the State late last night and this moming. Six armed extremists hijacked at pistol point a Delhi-bound private de-luxe bus coming from Amristar to a secluded place last night when it approached village DinilWMan in Kapurthala district and shot dead six persons belonging to one community with a sten gun before driving back in the bus to Amristar. The bus was I found abandoned near a religious place at Amrista',
police Sources said.
Two Shot Dead in Train: in the other incident, three extremists killed two passengers and seriously injured two others in a second class compartment of the Howrah-Amristar Express as it crossed the Manah. wala railway station near Amristar this morming. A number of persons were reported to have jumped from the running train during the shoot-out. The dead were identified as Mr. Piara Singh, CD subinspector posted at the Rajasansi airport near Amristar and Mr. S. P. Suri, an income tax inspector. Mr. Piara Singh was understood to be involved im opera“ tions at the Rajasansi airport during which Mussebat Singh who had made a vain bid to hijack am Imdian Airlines Boeing during flight from Delhi to Amristar early this year, was shot dead. Revolver Taken Away: The CID sub-inspector is understood to have fought with the extremists before he was shot dead. His service revolver was taken away by the assailants who escaped when the train slowed down near the outer signal in Amristar. The train coach presented a ghastly picture with the bodies of the two victims lying in a pool of blood between the berths. Shoes and chappals of passengers, who jumped out in panic from the rumming train, were littered all over the compartment. It was also a ghastly Scene near Dhilwan village in Kapurthala district. A press reporter saw bodies of six bus passengers lying scattered in the fields with blood splattered all over. The assailants had killed them with a sten gun and
TRBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

seriously injured one with akhukri (sharp edged weapon). The six extremists, whose seats in the deluxe bus were booked in the name of 'Labh Singh and company', suddenly proposed up from their seats when the bus carrying 28 passengers (including extremists) came near Dhiwan. Two of them entered the driver's cabin and asked him to stop the bus at gunpoint. One of them got into the driver's seat and hijacked it towards village Gadana. On the way, they forced the gateman to open the closed gate of the railway crossing at gun point. They stopped the bus near Gadana at a secluded place and asked the passengers to get down. They then robbed eleven of them belonging to one community before shooting at them with a sten gun. Six of them were killed on the spot while the others ran helter-skelter in the fields and because of the darkness escaped assailant's attack.
Wo indication: When the private bus rolled out of Amristar for Delhi 90 minutes before midnight nome realised that the six urbanite Sikh passergers would turn out to be mass killers. They themselves gave no indication of being gun-wielders, well-dressed that they were, the bus owner, Mr. Satnam Singh Sandhu told a reporter who rushed to the site of the tragedy this morning. When the bus touched village Munder Bet, about 30 km from Jullundur, two of the Sikhs proceeded towards driver. In a flash they had a stengum and an automatic pistol Out. The driver was ordered to take the vehicle about one kilometer from the main road. The command was obeyed without protest. The killers then began identifying the passengers. Their eyes fel om a tenyear-old boy, but his mother pleaded that he was her omly som and that they could kil her if tney Wanted. The assailants took pity and spared them too. Seven others were asked to get down, lined up and shot. Six died on the spot. The seventh, Vijay Kumar, a grocery dealer of Gurdaspur, suffered neck injuries caused by a sharpedged weapon. The killers kicked him and left thinking he was dead. The job done, the killers slowly removed all cash from the dead persons. They later hijacked the bus after evicting the driver and conductor at village Khureena, three km from the site and the remaining passengers at village Bhullar, one km farther. . . . Last mights incidents were preceded by killing of one person at Nawan Shehar im Juliundur district and gunshot injuries to five at Jullundur and Taran Taran and Jabhal, both in Amritsar district. In Taran Taran, a bomb was also lobbed at a bus, causing minor injuries to some passengers Wight buses off: The Punjab Government as a reaction to the killings ordered stoppage of night bus service in the State with immediate effect. No passenger bus, including private ones, would be on the road after 9 p.m. Armed escorts would be provided to passenger buses plying during daytime and to trains both during day and might-PTI, UNI.
5.

Page 8
BANK LooTED, TRADER Rob BED
Chandigarh, October 12.
A bank was looted and a trader robbed at gun point in two incidents in Amritsar district as the Gov ermor-in-Council in the Centrally-ruled State of Punjab . reviewed the law and order situationin the State here today. According to official information reaching the State headquarters here, three un-identified armed persons raided and took away about Rs. 6,000 from the branch of Punjab National Bank at Kolli village near Taran Taram im Amritsardistrict.-PTI.
LONGOVAL CON DE MINS VIOLENT NCDENTS
Amriosar October 6 : The Akal i Dal president, Sant Harchamd Singh Lorgował today comdemmed the violent killing of eight persons in two separate incidents in Punjab last night. He described them as 'shameful' and demanded the dismissal of the Darbara Singh Government. Sant Longowal im a statement here alleged that the Darbara Singh Gorernment was 'directly responsible for the incidents being enacted to hide its failures'. Claiming the Akali Dal had mothing to do with the violent incidents, the Sant said the 'peaceful struggle for the achievement of various demands would continue.-- ՍW/,
Σζ
TERRORISM TO IN FLAME COMMUNAL
PASSOMS
By G. K. Reddy
New Delhi, October 6: The Political Affairs Committee of the Cabinet, which met today to consider the serious situation in Punjab decided to take stern action to deal with the Sikh extemists Who are evidently bent on giving a communal colour to their agitation The Prime Minister Mrs Gandhi. and her senior Cabinet colleagues who are members of the PAC were shocked over the latest outage in Which six Hindu passeiges travelling im a Delhibound express bus were shot dead in the worst such Outrage so far during the current wave of violence. In another incident. the extremists illed a police Sub-inspector and a customs officer in a similar cold-blooded manner in a running train on the outSkirts of Amritsar, besides inju irg four other passengers in the shooting spree in one of the carriages The two incidents together, coming in the wake of intensified violence in which almost every day Somebody or other is being killed have created a crisis in this strife torn border State. It is quite clear that this terrorism is directed primarily against both Hindu and Sikh police officers om the hit list and the Hindus in geneal to create pamic and inflame Communal passions. The Punjab Government has been asked to suspend night bus services and provide armed escorts to both trains and buses during
6

day and night. This has been done. A team of Home Ministry officials has been sent to Chandigarh to assist the local authorities in intensifying the antiterrorist combing operations with the help of extra CRP and BSF contingents placed at the disposal of the State Government.
The Centre feels that some drastic action has become unavoidable in Punjab to track down the Sikh extremists on the rampage, before resuming negotiations with the Akali leaders in an atmosphere free from violence. A sad featue of this dangerous situation is that the moderate Sikh leadership has been isolated and the militants are resorting to terrorism to intimidate the Government. There was a Sense of relief in Government circles in Delhi that, better late than never, the Akali lader, Samt Harchand Sirigh Longowal, has unequally condemned the latest incidents. But the militant leader, Sant Jarnail Singh Bhimdramwale, comtinued to maintain that the killings were part of a governmental conspiracy to discredit the Sikh agitation by giving a communal turn to it. The State government has also been advised to enlist the support of both Hindu and Sikh leaders at avert the danger of communal tensions. The peace committees formed earlier are being re-activated under Central advice to afford an opportunity to leaders of moderation in both communities to exert their restraining infiuence. The detention of Mr. Jagdev Singh Taiwandi and two other Senior Akai leaders under the National Security Act has been utilised by the extremists as an excuse for steppirg up their terrorism. But the acts of violence have been intensified even before the arrest of these Akali leaders for advocating direct action. The Centre is convinced that the hawks in the Akali movement have been privately encouraging the extremists to resort to terrorism ... it is not known to Wihat extent this has been done with the prior knowledge and instigation of the protagonists of the so-called Khalistan movement abroad who evidently enjoy a measure of foreign support.-Hindu. Ni
X
FILM FOCUS
N. F. C., Loans
Some exhibitors have drawn the attention of this column to certain views expressed by the Chairman
National Film Corporation, on the granting of loans to Producers of films. In fact a photo-stat copy, of the newspaper report in question has been placed before Film Focus with the following remarks of the Chairman being underlined in red. He had said that 'Every year, we write off millions of unpaid loans And the reason why we do this, is to help a nationa
venture -the country's film industry Last yearl
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

Page 9
we had to write off Rs 2 million. This is the only lending institution in Sri Lanka that doles out big money to film producers WITHOUT any kind of hard Security or guarantees'. These remarks came as a Shock to this column-the successful entrepremeur, the NFC Chairmam has beem in his private Capacity-that a sheer lovs of the local film industry could to risk big money of the NPC, particularly When these ventures repeatedly fail every year in this way. The net result of at all has been that many pseudo producers have been on the scene overnight to churn out trash and rob picturegoers of viewing quality films. With all due respect to the Chairman, this column is constrained to remark, that one's love for the cinema should compel one to see that only worthwhile film ventures are given a sending hand and the bona fides of the applicants for loans are carefully checked. And what pray may be wrong if all such loans are tied down to firm agreements that will make defaulters legally liable. To write away loans by the millions is bad business in any concern and would only encourage those who have a nibbling interest in the film industry and not in its genuine welfare, in the long run. A defaulted loan of a million ultimately leads to the cheating of picturegoers, by way of disappointing film fare, the financial fattening of those with dubious intentions, who have no love for the cinema at all.
This column therefore very respectfully agrees to disagree with the Chairman's views, however well intentioned they may be, and would earnestly request him to tighten the conditions under which such loans are granted, so that those who default could be taken to court, to pay the penalty. Such charatams should mot be allowed to feed om the la' Jesse of the NFC and get away scot free. This column has yet to hear of anyone being not taken to court for cheating or defrauding public money in any institution.
ANTHA ELU /VAATKAL (Those Seven Days) Tamil: This title by no means refers to those last seven black days of July 1983, in our land A gem of a film, that spotlights the versatile Baghyaraja's brilliant prowess as a film director, and actor who claims credit as always for the screenplay, stoy and the dialogue. Thus both behind and before the camers, Baghyarajah has brokem new ground om today' South India's Tamil film scene, and swept it off the familiar formula line and the oft-beaten track of many many years. He takes on very difficult roles as in 'Oru Kai Osai' with supreme ease, and breathes liye into them with confidence. And so in this film he roles a righteous to a fault and dedicated Malayal musician who treks the streets of Madras, from his Kerala roots, to keep hvs body and soul together, like a pied piper, with musical notes that at times had alesady seen the light of day. To assist him with
he beat is an urchin who lives by his wits. They pause together at a To Let board, and take pa
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

precarious residence, atop a worn out but humble home. By and by his musical efforts waft downwards towards dusk to reach the ears of a pretty belle (Ambika), and before long cupid takes a hand with his bow and arrow, to have the couple in knots. The romance is strangled by the elders, followed by a hasty marriage that remains unconsummated with the bridge groom wishi rg to end the situation and resolving to restore the lost love, but after the borrowed time in which his mother breathes the last. HOW he sets about it cleverly is for you to relish om the Screen. You will enjoy every moment Bagyaraja appears on the screen. There is how yo suite a slip between the cup and the lip climax cei.e. ed around the Sac Cdness of the wedlock and let this remain a surprise for you, but pray do not miss this excellent film,
FROM HERE TO ETERNITY (English): A revival of an Oscar studded film of the forties, this Columbia Pictures release in immaculate black and white, is directed by the reputed Fred Zinnemann, who has grown in stature on the Holywood scene with box office hits in colour since. The histirionic pattern was of a genre of films, where copybook performance and cliches in dialogue, were the overiding factors, and star value alone was rated sky high. But for actor Montgomery Clift who had an untimely demise, . the other stars, Burt Lancaster, Deborah Kerr, Frank Sinatra and Danna Reed are yet around and quite over the hill in years. The srory is set in 1941 in the vicinity of Pearl Harbour, immediately prior to the sneak attack by the Japanese. The sequences are strung around a military command, which was Spick and span on the parade grounds, with a Spit and polish stride. To this unit is posted a private Robert Prewitt (Clift), a boxer of repute, who had laid down his gloves for good, but is gradually prodded and provoked by his immediate superiors to push him into the ring for the command team. He also strikes an enduring friendship with Private Maggio (Frank Sinatra) whose violent death in the stockade brings out the boxer in Prewitt, who gets even with the killer (Ernest Borgnine) with a fatal left hook. Parallel to this pivoted story is the relationship to a smart Sergeant Warden (Burt Lancaster) who keeps rolling an arfair with his commanders wife. (Deborah Kerr), which is also kept prim and proper quite unlike similar sequences in modern films where the camera prowls and peeks around the bedrooms, four posters and blankets to boot. A these acts of smacking complacency are burst by the surprise attack on Pearl Harbour, when America decides to pull up its socks and enter the War. Rather slow moving by today's norms, the film retains a rare nostalgic air, but is kept clean and entertaining. With the camera working at its best.
James W. Benedict.
7。

Page 10
TENDER NOTIC
MAN STRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT HOUSING & CONSTRUCTION. DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS
Tenders for Maintenance and Minor improvements to Govt. Buildings Batticaloa District Groups A & B from 1.11.83 to 31,05.84 will be received by the Chairman, Tender Board S.E. (E.D.) Office, Department of Building Batticaloa upto 10.00 a.m. on Wednesday, 02.11.83
O2. Tender forms could be obtained from District Engineer / Batticaloa before 4.15 p.m on 28.10.83. by registered contractors , or "Trial Letter" holders of Department for Rs. 200,000/- and above on production of a tender deposit receipt for Rs. 100/- issued by Buildings Department, Colombo, or any Kachcheri outside Colombo.
03. Please note that Private Company tenderers should declare the names of the Current Directors and Shareholders. Public Company tenderers should declare the names of the Current Directors. r
04. Any further particulars could be obtained from the above Engineer.
K. C. Samaraweera. Director of Buildings
DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS, P. O. BOX 504, COLOMBO 1, 1983.10.17
8

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TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

Page 11
SRI LANKA CHRONICLE
October 3 - 9
DIARY OF EVENTS IN SRI LANKA COMPLED FROM DAY NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED IN COLOMBO
OW-Daily News; CDM-Daily Mirror; EO-Evening Observer; ST-Sunday Times; SO-Sunday Observer; DM—-Dinamina; LD —-Lankadipa ; VK—Virakesari ATH-Aththa; SM-Silumina; SLDP - Sri Lankadipa JG-Jnadina; SU-Sun, DV-Davasa DP-Dinapathi; CM-Chinthamani; WK-Weekend RV-Riviresa DK-Dinakara, EN-EelanadulS-Island D-Divaina; DPR-information Dept. Press Release.
MOWDAY, OCTOBER 3: An amendment to the election law requiring all candidates standing at a by-election to subscribe to the anti-separatist oath or affirmation as set out in the sixth amendment to the Constitution has been gazetted. The Gin ganga has finally been tamed; the river which from times immemorial has been the Scourge of the people of the wet zone of south west Lanka, was last week declared Safe by engineers of the People's Republic of China and Sri Lanka who have been in the project originally imaugurated in 1976. More tham 200 Druze Moslem and Christian women and children may be freed by the two sides today after spending weeks in the custody of militia units. The Egyptian Government asked parliament to extend Special emrgency laws for another year, saying 13 attempts had been made over the past year to overthrow the administration of President Hosni Mubarak-DN. A northern parliamentarian belonging to the TULF was questioned by the Army after they had conducted a thorough search of a farm reportedly belonging to him; earlier the Army had raided the farm in Vavuniya to Search for arms allegedly hidden on the 100-acre property-CDM. Government is to spend R. 40 million om a vigorous tourist promotion drive in association with the Tourist Board and the travel trade; this follows State Minister Dr. Anandatissa de Alwis' appeal to the government to take immediate and aggressive measures to bolster the tourist industry which is facing a severe crisis. Hundreds of businessmen, private and state sector personnel from all walks of life yesterday pledged one per cent of their nornthly incomes plus their time and energy to the Sarvodaya Movement in the campaign for national peace and harmony. Sri Lanka Freedom Party leader Sirimawo Bandaranaike yesterday gained full control over her party with its main policy making body, the Working Com mittee, empowering the to name district organisers and deciding not to have a deputy leader. A dynamite exploder similar to the one used in the killing of the 13 soliders in Jaffna on July 23, was removed from the Highways Department chief engineer's office in Batticoloa yesterday afternoon by armed
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

youths-SU. The Tamil United Liberation Front's General Council and Politbureau are expected to meet on October 16 to discuss the future of Trincomalee and the other 15 electorates which the TULF represents. The State Gem Corporation is to recommend to the Government to remove all taxes including the Business Turnover Tax off the country's gem trade-fS.
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 4: Government has agreed to a package of concessions to house owners and industrialists affected by the July disturbances, REPIA announced yesterday. Six remand prisoners escaped from the Jaffna prisons on Sunday evening after scaling the wall. Prime Minister R. Premadasa has gazetted Regulations under the National housing Development Authority Act to enable the granting of cheap housing loans at rates of interest ranging from 3 to 18 percent. Deaths, bombings and kidnapPings marked the latest round of local council elections in Pakistan's Sind province with a strike called in many of the six districts that voted-DN. REPA has formulated a scheme to assist in the repair and construction of affected residential properties and business concerns in the July disturbances; among the various loan schemes and concessions is an outright grant of Rs. 25,000 for the reconstruction of repair of affected resdential properties for persons with little or no income-CDM. Twelve special police striking units fashioned as a paramilitary force will be deployed in the mothern and eastem provinces im a move to counter terrorist operations, A new joint stock company will soon take over the distribution of electricity to mearly 230,000 consumers in 291 local authority areasSU. Mr. G. Parthasarathi, the special envoy of indian Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi is expcted to visit Sir Lanka again in the latter part of October; govemment sources said the approval for the visit had been communicated to New Delhi through diplomatic channels. The arrival of a North Korean vessel in the Colombo Port last week for bumkering has sparked off a government investigation; informed Sources said yesterday that since the ship's arrival here on September 29, the Defence Ministry has directed the CD to keep a close tab om the VeSSe and the movement of its 39 member crew. Nearly 10,000 workers face the prospect of unemployment and starvation if toddy tavems are closed; we think that this is a move aimed at Suppressing the economy of the minority Tamils says a statement released by the Northern Province Palm Products Manufacture and Sales Cooperative Society-IS.
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 5: The parliamentary select committee set up to consider mecessary changes in the election law, in the light of the experience gained at the recent elections, will hear representations from the Elections Department, political parties and other interested persons. The Government has decided
9

Page 12
to fully implement the provision that Tamil be a national language as a first step towards restoring racial amity. Two motorized army units Yesterday entered the southern Shouf Mountains crossing the Awali River for the third time since the Israeli withdrawal from the mountains on September 4, official Lebanese Radio said in Beirut Yesterday. Syria has closed all the Damascus offices occupied by Fatah, the Palestine Liberation Organisation faction headed by Chairman Yasser Arafat a loyalist spokesman claimed yesterday-DN. Some 45,000 people made homeless during recent ethnic riots still remain in refugee camps throughout Sri Lanka a Red Cross official said yesterday. The issue of radio and TV licences is likely to be handed over to one of the state banks-CDM. The World Bank is considering structural adjustment loan of US $ 210 million for Sri Lanka, Finance Minister Ronnie de Mel said Yesterday. A project to harness the power of the sun's rays as an alternate sourse of electric power for ural electrification is being finalised by the Ceylom. Eletricity Board T. B. islangaratne, SLFP veteran and till recently its deputy leader, charged yesterday that the legitimate aspirations of grassroot membership in the SLFP could be seriously jeopardised by the new and absolute powers vested in party leader Sirimavo Bandaranalike to appoint party organisoo SU. The business community in Sri Lanka has been called upon to give a hand in cleaning up tarnished image of Sri Lanka painted by foreign mass media in recent times. Singapore Airlines will introduce the first scheduled air service linking Maldives with OP and Southeast Asia next April, it was amond today. Gold chains, wrist watches and cash valued at over Rs. 10,900 had been robbed from the pasengers and the conductor by a gang of seven men who hijacked the CTB bus at Bullers Road, Colombo according to Cinnammon Gardens Police-S.
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 6: The Ministers yesterday approved tightening existing gun control laws by amending the Firearms Ordinance to impose manda tory terms on imprisonment on violators. labour Minister C. P. J. Seneviratne has cancelled the licenses of eight foreign employment agencies with immediate effect. A Japanese Member of Parliament quoted the widow of Philippine's opposition leader Benigno Aquino as saying two Filipino women now in Japan had seen her husband shot dead by a soldier. The Opposition in Pakistan has resumed its pressure on the military government of President Mohammed Zia-ul-Haq after a one-day lui following local elletions in the southern province of Sind-DN. The Ministry of Power and Energy has recommended to the Government that all heavy electricity consuming industries which are not profitable should be shut down immediately; the Ministry has also proposaed that these factories could be re-started after June 1984, once the Victoria Power Station has been Commissioned into operation-CDM. Cabinet
10

spokesman Anandatissa de Alwis yesterday warned the public about the existence of mischief makers attempting to create racial and religious disharmony through the circulation of anonymous leaflets. An all paty confe, ence is likely to be summoned by President J. R. Jayewardene, to reach a "national consensus' on resoving outstanding Tamil problems and northern issues, it is reliably understood. The World Council of Churches has expressed deep regret to Lanka over a 'misunderstanding' related to a telex message on the situation in Sri Lanka during the tecent ethnic disturbances, the WCC said in a statement issued im Geneva yesterday-SU. Yet another MP of the Tamil United Liberation Front lost his seat Yesterday by his continuous absence from Parliament for three months; Vavuniya's T. Sivasithamparam (63) vacated his seat yesterday when he fallied to attend Parliament after an absence of three months. The Sri Lanka Freedom Party will reactivate itself within the next two weeks with party organisations throughout the country being reorganised in accordance with the amendments that were made to the party Constitution last Sunday. An official committee has recommended to the gove.nment the giant,ng of a package deal of concessions including tax holidays, investmant relief and duty fee import of machinery, for the exports of processed rubber products from Sri Lanka-S. Anonymous leaflets stating that Batticoloa will face a grave Sitution if the UNP Members of Parliament theie resign their posts, have been posted to leaders of the fami United Liberation Front-DP
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 7 : The UNP Central Organisatiom im Britain has complained to the British Press Council about the reporting of the July crisis here by the london Times, the Guardian and the Daily Telagraph, the Central Organisation has said that there was distortion of facts and gross sensationalism in the reporting, which resulted in exacerbating feelings between 25,000 Tamil and 20,000 Sinhalese living in the UK. A sub committee appointed to study the problems of rubber products export industry has drawm up an eight-year plam which is expected to bring in a nett earning of Rs. 390 million in foreign exchange annually. The Soviet News Agency Tass has rejected President Reagan's latest proposals to reduce strategic nuclear forces as nothing but words, but diplomats im Moscow say this may not be Moscow's definitive stance at the Geneva arms talks. The award of the Nobel Peace Prize to Lech Walesa has presented the Polish Government with a hard political choice of whether to allow the banned Solidarity union leader to go abroad to collect it-DN. A national export development plan with an investment potential of Rs. 12 billion covering a five year period and the first of its kind ever undertaken im this country left its laumching pad yesterday and its path will be monitored by a task force headed by President J. R. Jayewardene
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

Page 13
CDM. The work of the Bribery Commissioner's Department has come to a virtual standstill since the outbreak of communal violence in July; officials said the Criminal Investigations Department had recalled all the investigation officers attached to the Bribery Department to carry out investigations into offences connected with the recent disturbances. Pettah, the hub of Sri Lanka's commercial World will soon have a new face; major chamges will be the shifting of the Central Bus Stand to the old railyard opposite the Technical College at Maradana and widening of Olcott Mawatha-SU. A large number of stateless persons brought down from the plantations by the Gandhiyam movement and illegally settled down in Pavatkulam in the Vavuniya area are to be forcibly evicted. A North Korean cargo ship which was kept under close surveillance by the Sir Lanka Government left Colombo last night but did not leave the island's terriroa waters, police said. The Minister of Labour Captain C. P. J. Seneviratne has sought Cabinet approval to grant twelve weeks full pay maternity leave to women workers-S. There were two bomb explosions at about 7.30 p.m. Yesterday in two busy areas in Jaffna-VK.
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 8: The national and foreign banks have failed to contribute to the development of the capital market, the chairman of the recently set up Colombo Stock Exchange, R. S. Wijesekera said on Thursday. Senior World Bank officials have turned down requests for meetings with Mr. A. Amirthalingham, the Leader of the Opposition. who is now in Washington. The 16 Opposition Tamil United Liberation Front MPs who are to be unseated by the month-end have decided not to seek re-election to parliament. Afghan aircraft bombed and strafed villages on the Pakistani side of the two countries' common border om Tuesday killing three Women and Wounding two other people, the Pakistan Foreign Ministry said yesterday; it said six planes penetrated about one kilometre into Pakistani territory, dropping several bombs and Strafing an area near Wana about 250 miles south West of Islamabad-DN. Police officers in uniforms will have to wear name tags, if a proposal before the authorities now, is accepted; a senior Police Officer told the Daily Mirror that police and public relations would improve if the identity of the Police Officer is known whenever they go out on inquiries-CDM. The Eelam group - in the United States has successfully obtained an interview with the United Nations Centre for Human Rights to discuss the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka. Several Parliamentarians are to be questioned by a special Police investigation unit now probing the recent ethnic viole ice; as a prelude to this exercise Inspector General of Police, Rudra Rajasingham recently sought the advice of Attorney-General Siva Pasupati; the AG is learnt to have now made available the procedures to be followed and the privileges to which the Parliamentarians were entitled.
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

The leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party Mrs. Siimavo Bandaranaike has has decided to write to all members of the party informing them of some of the major chamges that will be made in the future -SU. Ali Municipal and Urban Councils in which the TULF obtained a majority at the local authority elections are now facing a Serious crisis; these councils have become defunct because of recent political developments. The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazahagam (ALADMK) wil take out a procession om October 10 fom Anna statue to the Americam Consulate to urge the American Government not to render any help to the Sri Lanka Government. A newly constructed primary school at Salem district in Tamil Nadi, India has been named as the "Kuttimani Padasalai' (Kuttimani School) by the speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly-lS. Severe drought is being experienced in Vavuniya and its suburbs resulting in an acute shortage of dringking water-DP.
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 9: The Secretary-General of the United Nations, Mr. Perez de Cuellar told Foreign Minister A. C. S. Hameed who met him on Friday that the United Nations Organisation is for the preservation of the unity and sovereignty of Sri Lanka. A number of top diplomatic appointments to Sri Lanka's missions abroad will be fied in the very near future; among these are Ambassadorial posts in the United Nations, London, Bonn, Peking, Paris, Jakarta, Rome, Tokyo and Dacca. Business was clerly picking up fast with the accent on exports going by the rising turnover in the older banks in the country. Dr. Arthur C. Clarke has suggested to the Government that the Sri Lanka time be advanced to GMT + 6 hours from the present time of GMT +5; hours-SO. The future of the New Rice Wholesale Market at Duplication Road is in the balance; officials. of the market are perturbed over the recent drop in sales. Local authorities that cammot efficiently handle the supply and distribution of electricity and the collection of bills promptly will have this function taken out of their hands; a new company-the lanka Electricity Company (Pvt) Ltd, which has been set up will undertake this task-ST. A massive gem rush reminiscent of the great California gold rush has converted a sleepy village 12 miles from Balangoda into a teeming hive of would be millionaries; men, women and even little children from the length and breadth of the Ratnapura district and even from Colombo are trekking miles to Menik Kanda, "the hill of gems' discovered quite by accident by an old miner in the area. Inspector General of Police Rudra Rajasingham wants to take severe action against Police officers who assault or subject members of the public to imhuman treatment. Fimancial allocations to Ministries are to be pruned by twenty percent and the funds put into the programme for rehabilitations of property dmaged during the recent disturbances-WK. All sixteen TULF Parliamen
11

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tarians will bid'adieu' to the present eighth Parliament and clear the way for a new crop of TULF sponsored independent candidates, TULF sources said yesterday; they said that the present TULF MPs will not seek re-entry into Parliament becuse of the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution and that Independent candidates would be backed by the Party at the forthcoming by-elctions. The Treasury has objected to price hikes of goods minufactured by cooperatives and statutory boards which enjoy a monopoly as the import of these products have been banned-S.
N NDÍA
Punjab
Wew Delhi October 8: The latest insame klings of unoffending travellers and President's rule in Punjab mark another stage in the tragic happenings in this border State. Until 18 months ago when the Akali Dal laumched 'stop the canal” agitation, Punjab was the model of what massive Government investment and an enterprising hard working people could achieve in a short span of 20 years after the partition. At that time none could have foreseen how by Stages the situation in the State could be brought to the present sorry pass. Though successive Akali and Arya Samaj agitations had left tensions in HinduSikh relations in the State, so much is common between the two communities that it seemed imposi ble that anything could cause any serious disturbance in that relationship. Few could then have believed that desperate bands were planming acts of a reckless kind calculated to create permanent bad blood between the two sections of Punjab's people. Because the bonds of common heritage are immensely Strong the extremists have gone to great lengths to devise extremely provocative acts so to impair the Hindu-Sikh ties,
The Akali leaders in this crisis have pursued a cynical path. 7hey adopted a course which would give them the political benefits accruting from extremist actions without attaching to the Dal the blame for these ghastly crimes. Thus killings and mayhem have been made respectable and gangsters emboldened to engage in savagery. And the police forces have been so throughly demoralised by the prevailing religious partisanship that the law enforcement
12
 

agencies have ceased to function. Crimes are committed in broad daylight and people killed even within the precints of the Golden Temple. The police force has been drained of its capacity to detect crime or to bring to book offenders. A barrage of propaganda has been unleashed to depict killers as heroes and policemen resisting them as killers. Akali leaders collude in this by defending practically all suspects taken into custody and blaming the police for every violent occurrence even when it is obvious that by so doing they are opening the floodgates of disorder. Some other parties contributed their share to this dismal affair by uncritically accepting and giving currency to the allegations of plots and consAiracies in order to pin the blame on the Congress 1 and to derive whatever efactoral benefits they might gain by allying themselves with the Akali Dal.
Mr. Darbara Singh, a good man, had long ceased to be an effective Chief Minister. The Centre made him even less effective by running a dyarchy in Punjab. While the Home Ministry acted as the back-seat driver Mr. Darbara Singh remained the titular Chief Minister taking the blame for mishandling the situation and the deaths and dislocations in the State. Now that the Centre has taken upon itself the responsibility of the State there will be no Mr. Darbara Singh to carry the baby for it. The situation both in Assam and Punjab have been allowed to drift to a dangerous point. There are unmistakable signs that these two states now have desperate groups which are in league with powerful external forces inimical to Indian integrity. The delay in finding Settlements in these States has strengthened them. The country will now wait to see what Central rule can do to stop the spreading chaos in Punjab. The Government's credibility as a guarantor of the safety of life and liberty of, innocent citizens is at stake.- Patriot.
ES
NORTH-SOUTH POSTURES Any Shift?
Wew York Third World and industrial nation supporters of global negotiations to restructure the world's trade and monetary institutions appear to have a tough job ahead of them. UN diplomats here are wondering if the Third World participants at the last week's 'mini Summit' will be able to sell the new flexibility demonstrated at that meeting to the Group of 77 and whether the industrial country participants can sell it to non-participants, especially the United States and Britain. Talks here last week at the 'mini summit' indicated a significant shift in the postures of both of the industrialised North
TRIBUNE OCTOBER 22, 1983

Page 15
and the impoverished South on the negotiations om international economic cooperation. "Nome of us wants the destructions of (World) Bank or the (international Monetary) Fund.' Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere told the 'mini summit' at the United Nations head-duaiters on 29th September. No. We don't want destruction', agreed Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, who somewhat of a maverick among leaders of the major western industrial countries, 'But we want a radical charge'. 'I would even drop the word "radical cautioned Prime Minister Gandni, who as chairperson of the nomaligned movement convened the two rounds of meetings in an effort to ease the tense international atmosphere on just about every economic and political
SSŲe.
Mrs. Gandhi acknowledged the shift on her side When she told a press uncheon om 30th September : 'We are flexible. We don't want to jump off to Some far off aim. We will go step by step". The major Western industrial countries have long objected to global negotiations that would radically alter the structure and role of the IMF, the World Bank and the Gemeral Agreement om Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The question now is whether the Third World and industrial participants can convince their respective partners that the door is opening to and the need is growing for global economic talks. Part of the answer may he gleaned from some of the statements in the debate in the General Assembly, which formed the backdrop for the meetings, and the joint meeting of the IMF and the World Bank in Washington which - cast a long shadow over the diplomatic goirgs on here. In the General Assembly debate many European countries, imcluding France, Sweden and Norway, came out in favour of a dialogue. Even FRG Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Ganscher although firmly supporting market principles along with "resolute' austerity programmes said clearly "the launching of global negotions must not be put off any longer. And US President Ronald Reagan Stuck to the theme of relations--or lack thereof-between the United States and the Soviet Union. What then are the prospects that the change of position among the Third World and some of the industrialised World will actually lead to a dialogue According to Mr. Nyerere those who are ready should begin and leave the door open for others to join. Mrs. Gandhi said the matter did not even come up when she had separate meetings last week, with Mr. Reagan and Mrs. Margaret Thatcher the British Prime Minister. She was also disturbed, Mrs. Gandhi said, about decisions at the MF-a reference to the agreement of the interim committee on 26th September to reduce the level of access of borrowers from 150 to 102 percent of their quota per year-PS.
EC X X TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

|SRAEL BD
To Build Rival PLO leadership
Beirut: The israeli authorities in South Lebanon have sought to create leadership and organisations as alternatives to the Palestine Liberation Oganisation according to Beirut's Al Safir newspaper. In a special report om Monday the Leftist mewspaper Said that most of those groups have gradually lost their credibility with fellow P, lestinians living in refugee camps, due to their divergence from genuine Palestinian issues, and concerns. The report stressed that despite the contradictions unraveling on the ground in the Bekaa and the north, the Lebanese and Palestinians had a common interest in combating Israeli occupation and its designs in Lebanon. The conVergence of Lebanese and Palastinian interests in South Lebanon Al Safir said calls for liberation and the unchallenged extensions of Lebanese sovereignity. This makes Lebanese-Palestinian cooperation imperative in order to contain and abort any sraeli plan, it maintained. The newspaper said it has become evident from various declarations and facts that Israeli troops dug in along a 45 km zone north of the Israeli border intended to stay for a long time. What will be the future of the same 140,000 Palestinians living behind Israeli lines in South Lebanon, the daily asked. It disclaimed Israeli figures saying they only numbered 95,000.
According to figures released by the UN Relief and Works Agency, Lebanese law and the registiy of Palestinian affairs, those refugees comprise half the number of Palestinians residing in Lebanon and about one quarter of the population of south Lebanon, it added. Israel has tried to weave political relations in an attempt to create alternative local leaderships to the PLO, the report said, in crier to deal with Palestinian issues beyond the framework for establishing an independent Palestimian state om Gaza and the West Bank. The report said a drive to appoint Palestinian 'mukhtars' or mayors directly linked to the Israeli military authorities has failed. In Rachidiyeh camp near Tyre, the Israelis named a certain 'Abu Kayed' as mayor. His true colour, said A Safir emerged when he announced he was willing to fight the PLO after the israeli command centre in Tyre was blown up on 11 October last year. In Several other camps, committees were created with the declared purpose of tending to social problems. The credibility of such groups, according to the leftist newspaper, foundered when they failed every time to come up with any action or stand. Others tried to rise to prominence by embrasing the cause of Ansar detainees but they too faded away.-MER/IPS.
x
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Page 16
To PREVENT
Another KAL Tragedy
Washingto Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Elinor G. Constable told a Senate sub-committee that the Soviet destruction of a Korean Airliner 'has highlighted the need to look carefully at measures which can be taken to prevent a similar occurrence in the future'. In a statement prepard for delivery to the Senate Foreign Relations East Asian and Pacific Affairs Sub-committee October 6-headed, "America's Pacific Air Frontier'-Constable presented the State Department's views on such measures. 7 he full text of the prepared statement is as follows:
THE SOVIET DESTRUCTION of Korean Airlines Flight 007 has highlighted the need to look carefully at measures which can be taken to prevent a similar occurrence in the future. In particular, We need to consider the procedures and practices to be employed in the event an aircraft of one country Strays into another State's airspace. We understand that the purpose of this hearing is to do that, and we welcome the opportunity to present to You the State Department's view. I will concentrate on two issues: First, current US policy and practice toward foreign aircraft intruding om, or stravimg off course in, our airspace, and second, means by which we can best prevent a recurrence of the Korean tragedy. Because the common element underlying both issues is the frame-work of international law and procedures governing the use of airspace Will describe it briefly. However this description is necessarily general; the handling of particular aircraft will depend on the specific facts of each case.
Under international law each state has jurisdiction over its airspace which is defined as the skies over its land and territorial waters. A state's airspace does not include other areas for which it has air traffic control responsibility, usually known as Flight information Regions (FIR) or in which it monitors air traffic such as the US Air Defence Identification Zones (ADIZ). Thus a State's permission must be obtained before aircraft of another countiV may enter its airspace. Through international agreements, including the Chicago Convention the air services transit agreement, and bilateral aviation agreements, many states have granted permission for civil aircraft of other states that are parties to the agreement to enter their airspace. Aircraft used for state purpose, Such as diplomatic flights or military aircrafts, are not generally covered by such agreements, although they may be permitted to enter a state's airspace When specific permission has been given. When a state allows aircraft of another state to enter its airspace it retains the right to provide necessary
14

air navigation defections and entering aircraft must comply with its aviation laws and regulations. Furthermore a state that allows aircraft of another state to enter its airspace may bar such aircraft from entering specific areas that it has restricted for military or safety reasons. If an aircraft nevertheless enters a restricted area a state may require it to land.
A COROLLARY to the principle that states have jurisdiction over their airspace is that they nave the right to bar from entry foreign aircraft that the Y have not, by treaty or other agreement, granted permission to enter, However, a State may not expose intruding civil aircraft and their occupants to unreasonable danger. international law and practice place strict limits on what a state may do if a foreign aircraft nevertheless enters its airspace. If an intruder's intentions are not known, it should not be presumed to be hostile. If, as is more likely, it is lost or in other difficulty, the State should assist it in retuming to its course, and take such othel limited measures as appear warranted. The territorial sovereign has an obsgation to ascertain the identity and intentions of the aircraft by all possible m2ans, including radio communications or visual contact. Intruding aircraft known to be harmless or which pose no direct immediate threat of attack to the territorial sovereign may not be fired upon in p2acetine even if they do not respond to orders to land. Specific measures for safe handling of instructions by civil aircrafts have been published by the internatioan Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). According to recommended ICAO procedures, interceptions of civil aircraft should be used only as a last resort. When interception must be attempted, ICAO recommends the use of specified methods of approach and signals, including wing rocking and flashing of navigation lights at irregular intervals.
FUNDAMENTAL TO THESE PRINCIPES, amp underlying the Chicago convention and other international civil aviation agreements, is concern for the safety of aircraft and air travellers. That same concern and sense of obligation underlies the aviation policies and procedures of the United States. The United States adhe: es to the principles described above and refrains from the use of force in dealing with intruding aircraft that are off course. We are determined mot to use force except as permitted by the United Nations charter. Like most States the United States has in place identification and inter cept procedures that are functionally equivalent to those published by ICAC. US procedures emphasize the importanc) of flight safety. instructing the interceptors to approach no closer than ncessary to identify the aircraft and 'use every possible precaution' to avoid startling the intercepted aircrew and - passengers. We apply these procedures mot only for civilian aircraft. But also for non-military state aircraft and for military aircraft, although we are of course prepared to deal appropriately with military aircraft,
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

Page 17
should circurmances so warrant. This policy is not simply words i om paper. In each of the past few years, several Communist bloc aircraft have intruded on US airspace, deviated from approved flight plans, or used false identities. They have also filed repeated requests to US air traffic control for routings which they know it is our policy to deny. Most of these aircraft have been civilian, but Some particularly in and near Alaska, are militarv. The United States' record is clear. In the case of civilian aircraft we have whenever possible rerouted the planes through air traffic control, sending them out of US airspace Where appropriate. Sometimes we have protested. Occasionally we have suspended an airline's flights. for unidentified or military aircraft we routinely launch interceptor aircraft to get positive identification and take other appropriate action short of viol.nce. Wot once have we fired at any of these Alanes, much less shot one down as it was leaving our territory.
AS WE HAVE SEEN, Soviet practice is different. The Soviets have distributed officials identification and intercept procedures which is most respects are equivalent to the ICAO recommendations, However, they apparently do not apply these procedures. Moreover, there is one overwhelming difference in the procedues themselves, Rather than Stressing the need for safety, the Soviet intercept instruction conclude, 'in case the intercepted foreign aircraft does not obey commands given by the interceptor the safety of the intercepted aircraft will not be guranteed.' The downing of KAL 007 demonstrates that in practice the Soviets ae pepa ed to shoot down an aircraft in circumstances in which it could pose no conceivable threat to their territory, i.e., when it is leaving. A recurrence of the recent tragedy must be prevented. The reaction worldwide already have demonstrated to the Soviets that their practices are abhorrent and must be changed. The lCAO. council has deplored the Sovet action and the UN Security Council would have, but for a Soviet veto. Many countries suspended aviation relations pilots refused to fly to the Soviet union; an trips and cultural events have baen cancelled However, it remains important to show the Soviets that these are mot just manifestations of a temporary outburst of emotion, but evidence of the world's abiding concern for the safety of civil aviation. Various ideas to this end are now under considerationn in CAO. The United States has supported a french proposal to amend the Chicago convention to specifically prohibit the use of force against civil aircraft, subject to the provisions of the United Nations charter.
Let me stress that the assigned route for KAL 007, the so-called 'Red-20' route, is as Mr. Segner will tell you, safe for civilan aircraft. Reflecting this fact, the route is now back in use. Neverthe'ess, additional methods to prevent a recurremce of the Koream tragedy are also under consideration. In fact, the CAO
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

council's September 16" resolution on the tragedy which the US supported, specifically asks the ICAO air navigation commission to consider changes in ICAO'S technical standards and recommendations "to prevent a recurrence of such a tragic incident, particularly with regard to improved military-civilian communications and improved intercept procedures No final decisions will be made before the CAO. investigation of the incésent isnconcluded sometime this fall, but we are Working low to identify the,
ÉCEUGE AGRICULTURAL
DIGEST
WORLD FOOD DAY-2
SL. Rice
THERE HAS BEEN A RAPID INCREASE in rice production from 60 million bushels of paddy in 1976 to over 100 milion bushels in 1980. This has been achieved partly through expanded land area, not mainly through increased output per unit area of and in the stable rice-growing environments, where improved HYV of the Bg series have been Successfully (ultivated. This trend may be expected to continue with the fruition of the Mahawei Projects and other irrigation schemes in the next few Years In these areas too the outstanding Big varieties given below will continue to be double-cropped: 1...Bg 34 - 8 (3 m); 2. Bg 276 - 5 (3 m) ; 3. Big 94 - 1 (33 m); 4.Bg 94-2 (33 m) ; 5. Bg 90 - 2 (4 - 43 m) 6. Bg400-1 (4-4; 7. Bg 11 - 11 (4-4 m); 8. Big 379-2 (4-4); and 9 Bg 380 (4 m). All these varieties are lodging-resistant white rices tolerant of blast and bacterial leaf blight diseases, Bg 276-5, Bg 400-1 and Big 380 are resistant to the. gall midge. Bg 379 - 2 is resistant to the brown. plant hopper. In order to stabilise rice production, however, over the entire rice-growing area, it will be necessary to develop alternative improved varieties which can thrive under the dis-advantageous soil, water and climatic conditions where the Bg rice
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Page 18
Series does not perform Well. Breeding pest-resistant varieties and the improvement of grain quality will be related aspects of this research program. The achievements and promising results of such research are recorded below.
Poorly Drained Soils. Poor drainage and iron toxicity limit production increases im about 28,000 ha of the low country wet zone, including the Colombo, Kalutara, Ratmapura, Galle and Matara districts. The following improved varieties have already been recommended for cultivation in this region: 1, BW 100 (4-43 m); 2. BW 267 - 3 (33 m). ; 3. BW 266 - 7 (3 m) and 4. BW 272 - 6B (3 m). Except for BW 272-6B (red rice) the others are white rices. BW 100 is of a Samba grain type. The 3-3 months varieties are lodying - resistant and blast resistant. BW272-6B is tolerant of iron toxicity. BW 266-7 is resistant to the gall midge. The following selections are in the breeding pipeline: 1. BW 271 - 1 (44 m) 2. BW 295 - 4 (4-43 m); 3. BW 295-5 (4 - 43 m): They are resistant to blast, iron toxicity and Show. a high degree of tolerance to the gall midge. Saline
· Sois: Sainity is a serious limiting factor in certain Parts of the low-country wet and dry zones. The following promising selections show a high degree of tolerance to salime conditions: 1. BW 272 -8 (44 m); 2. At 69-2 (3 m); 3. At 69 - 4 (3 m) and 4. At 69 - 5 (3. m). The semi-dwarf variety BW 272-8 appears to be equllay adaptable to poorly drained Soil conditions. Flooded areas: mundation
of rice fields during monsoonal showers is another
limiting factor in the low country wet zone. It is possible that the test variety BW 304 - (4 - 43 m) will emarge as a satisfactory flood resistant variety.
Poorly Irrigated Rice sands Poorly irrigated rice lands in the dry and intermediate zones (Anuradhapur. and Kurunegala districts) are unable to Support a succession of successful harvests owing to severe moisture conditions during the Maha sesson. The evolution of drought resistant varieties with early Seedling vigour is therefore an urgent
requirement to stablize production in these areas.
BW 750 (2 m) was released to meet this need. But its ultra short age which fosters a high incidence
of bird damage has discouraged cultivation. Accor.
dingly, research is concentrating on the development of 3 - 3 months drought-resistant varieties which conform to the general cropping patterns. The following test valities are promising: ...Bg 612 - 1 (3 m) ; 2. Bg 612 - 2 (3 m) ; 3. M 39 - 19 - 3 - 1 (3 m); and 4. MI 25 - 12 (3 m). They are resitant to blast and gall midge. Best results are obtained When 3 - 3 months selections are Sown with the first rains in early October. Maximum utilisation of the direct rainfall for early growth permits the better management of reservoir storage to provide irrigation for the later phase of the crop. Poorly Rainfed Ricelands: Research is also underway to develop
16
:
e |r

suitable high-yielding varieties for the poorly rainfed 'manawari' ricelands of the Northern Province.
PR i 1 and PR 17 (3 m) appear to be the most pro
mising. They have a higher production potential
than the presently recommended 62 - 355 : they
are also resistant to bast. Cold climates: Cold tolerant
33 months test varieties in the Badulla district have
demonstrated their ability to replace the standard.
recommendations H4 an Dwarf H4 (4 - 4 m)
1. Bg 376 - 1, (3 m;3.79 - 1031 (3 m); 3.79 - 1029
(3m):-4. 80 - 1610 (33m; 5.80-1680 (3 m). These
selections which are in the final stages of testing
are red rices like H4 and Dwarf H4 which have high consumer preference in this region.
Red Rices in fact, red rices command a market preference even in the North and the South. Every effort is being made to meet this demand The following recommended varieties are red rices. 1. Bg 750 (23 m) ; 2. BW 272 - 6B (3 m) ; 3. At 16 (3 m); 4. 62 - 355 (3 m) ; 5. Bg 34 - 6 (33 m); 6. H4 (4 m); 7. Dwarf H4 (4 m). BW 272 - 6B and At 15 are recómmended for the Kalutara, Galle Matara land Hambantota districts in the SouthWest and the South. Bg 34-6 is cultivated in the low country wet zone. 62 - 355 and H4 are culti vated mosty in the dry and intermediate zomes. The following promissing red rices are under investigation : 1. PR 11 and PR 17 (3 m); 2. At 62 - 4 (3 m); 3. Bg 94 - 1 Red (33 m); 4. Bg 376 - 1 (3 m); 5.79 - 1031 (3 m); 6.79 - 1029 (3 m); 7.80 - 1610 (33 m) ; 8. 80 - 1680 (33 m); 9. At 68 (4.4m) and 10. BW 271-1 (4 - 43 m). Samba Rices: An improved Samba variety Bg 745 - 2 (5.6 m) has already been recommended for cultivation in the “Mawee“ ricelands. It is superior to Podiwi a8 in that it does not lodge and is resistant to blast. Yields are consequently higher. Rice breeders also confidently expect to replace the popular Bg 11 - 11 samba variety (4 - 43 m) soon with a new Bg 573, which is higher yielding lodging resistant, and tolerant of blast, bacterial leaf blight, gall midge and brown plant hopper. BW 279-2 (4 - 43 m) promises to meet the Samba requirements of farmers in the poorly drained Soils of the low country wet zone where the Bg series does not perform well. This est selection is resistant to "bronzing”, thrips and lle midge.
Organic Manures: The increasing cost of chemical ertilisers and a trend to diminishing crop yileds where intensive fertilizer application is a common ccurrence has led to research on the partial subsitution of organic manures for chemical fertilisers, with the twin objectives of 'cushioning' the high ost of fertiliser inputs and "rejunevating' played ut soils. The most suitable organic manure for rice rice straw, because it is generally avilable in large nough quantities and at no extra cost to farmers. vestigations have shown that if about 4 t/ha of rice
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

Page 19
straw (which is the usual retum that can be expected from improved varieties) is retumed to the soil prior to prepanig the fields, Savings of 20-30% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and 100% of chemical potassium fertilizer can be obtained. The use of straw does not have any deleterious effects on crop growth, provided the precaution is taken to include a small quantity of chemical nitrogen fertiiser along with the straw at the time of incorporation. Calculated mixtures of straw and chemical fertisers have - produced comparable yields to fertilizers alone, and in Some intances higher yields have been takem. Tentative new fertitizer rations, adjusted for straw have consequently been prepared and are mOW being tested in farmers' fields in the Kandy, Kegalle and Matale Districts, while expe.iments in other districts are being continued. Since fertilizer is a necessary concomitant of growing improved HYV -and in view of the rising costs of chemical fertilizer-straw recycling as an inexpensive and effective alternative must be given serious consideration n future development plans.-Research Highlights.
E. 篱 JEDB/SPC
Incentive Scheme for Plantations-2
EST MATES OF THE ADDITIONAL COSTs of THE PROPOSED NCENTIVE SCHEMES
(Rs. m.) Daily paid workers- JEDB SLSPC
Crop gathering incentives based on 1
Existing levels of Production
Tea 17.5 17.50 Rubber 1.5 1.50 Other 0.5 0.50 Extra rates 5.O. 5.00
24.5 24.50
Monthly paid factory staff:- /
Incentive payment 0.5 O.50
Other mohtly paid staff.-
Executives - Performance incentive 2.5 2.75 Other Staff - Performance incentive 12.0 12.50
35.5 40.25
NOTES: 1. These are broad brush estimates based om certaim basic assumptions, one of which is that only 50% of the estates would qualify for the montlhy paid staff performance incentive scheme ldeally a larger number should be provided the opportunity of eaming this performance incentive. 2. The extent of the success of any incentive Scheme can only be assessed over a period of
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

time and therefore the extent to which the scheme will pay for itself cannot be predicted. It may therefore be necessary to make some financial provision for this in the first few years and thus enable its long term Success.
NOTES ON SOME FACTORS USED IN THE PERFORMANCE INCENTIVE SCHEME FOR
MONTHLY PAD STAFF
TARGETs; in all cases comparison is with each estate unit's own performance for the previous three years. This would smoothen out the influence of weather and other umcontrollabe factors om its performance. Each estate unit's improvement in perfor mance is then measured against the improvement in performance of other estates within its agro-climatic region. Theoretically targets for any incentive payment should be agreed but such a procedure can lead to a number of complications. Therefore it was considered that the average of the past three years' pe: formance should bean achievable target. By measuring only the improvement in their own performance rather than measuring pe: formance against a set target for all estates in a region, one is able to relistically assess the contribution made by management and staff to improve the performance during that year in the different properties which face different problems.
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS: The performance indicators which are to be measured should be the key to evaluate the total contibution of each unit. Yield per hectare: indicates the increase in productivity of the land and also the production Workers; Net sales average: indicates the improνθment in quality; Cost of production: indicates the improvement of productivity and the cost control exercised; Profit per kilo: indicates the improvemen improvement of productivity and the cost control exercised; Profit per kilo: indicates the improvement im profit resulting from the three factors given above. Profit per hectare: indicates the profitability of land usage; Absolute profit per hectare : indicates the estate unit's contribution to total profits. (This factor is provided as a safeguard for those who cannot improve their performance any further due to the estates having reached their optimum levels of efficeñCy. In all these factors the evaluation will be done om the basis of the mature areas, but some adjustment will be made for development work om the estate so that estates with large extents under replanting will mot be unduly affected. The imdicators selected and the method of computation will enable estates which improve their profits and those who reduce their losses to be treated on a similar basis.
Performance measurement is on a group basis: a team spirit is necessary for the success of a plantation. Setting individual performance targets, can, not omy be complicated, but can also lead to inequities between
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Page 20
various categories of workers. Priority rating of these factors will be fixed after simulating different situations but once fixed, will be the same for all estates. Introducing variations between estates can result in an element of Subjectivity being introduced which could result in demotivating some.
COMPUTATION
1. Profit complitations will be on the basis of each estate's own performance as reflected in its monthiv reports. 2. To act as an incentive, any incentive payment must be known frequently. Therefore the points earned by each estate will be worked and made known to the recipients monthly. This will also promote a competitive spirit among estates. 3. The amount of the bonus must be significant to be an incentive. Therefore an opportunity of eaming upto 4 months' Salary was provided. 4. By comparing performance of an estate with others in the same agro-climatic region, we will to a large extent be able to disregardthe effect of the fluctuations of world market prices and whether conditions which are outside the control of the individual Superintendent. It is assumed that market and weather conditions will be a similar for eatates in the same agro-climatic region and that their effect om the individual estate's performance will not distort that payment. 5. Directors and executives are being provided with the necessary Safeguard to reduce incentive payments to those employees who have not adequately contributed to the group effort, or have tried to achieve short-term gains at the expense of long-term profitability. 6. The main classs of production workers have incentive Schemes, to promote individual productivity. These have been in force for several decades but the quantum of the payment has been increased o improve the motivating effect of these payments.
Factory staff have a special role to play in ensuring quality and outturn. An incentive scheme is in operation for them and with certain refinements should be adequate to provide a satisfactory incentive payment. Other monthly paid Supervisory staff are the only section of the workers who do not qualify for any form of incentive payment and therefore this performance incentive has been geared to these classes
of WorkerS.
XC EC
THE MANY USES OF
Mustard
By W. L. Sharalaya
Mustard has been a very popular condiment even from antiquity. The white mustard plant which is mentioned in the Bible (though some believe it was
18

black mustard) grows in Palestine and other Mediterranean countries to a height often or twelve feet
THERE ARE MANY VARIETIES of mustard im popup lar use. Three species of the large Natural Order ta which mustard belongs are familiar: White Mustaro, (Brassica or Sinapis Alba), Black Mustard (Brassic) · Wigra), amd Indiam Mustard or Rai (Brassica JunceaBoth white and black mustard are easy to grow on well-manured soil, and both grow wild in various regions as a prolific weed. The Seeds of the white mustard are yellowish and longe", while those of the black mustard are Small and dark brown. Genuine India mustard Seeds are black in colour.
Akin to black mustard is the Russain or Sarepta Mustard (Brassica Besseriana) which was growm om the lower Volga, near Sarepta, by German settlers, and exported as fine powder or flour to Western Europe. Indian Mustard sometimes is called Sarepta too. Black Sarepta Seeds - are more pungent than white Seeds. -
THE LEAVES OF BOTH WHITE AND BLACK MUSTAR D are used as a salad plant for greens; they are gaining favour in Some regions as forage crop for sheep and as green manure. The Chinese pilgrim, Hiuen-Tsiang, called black mustard one of . the most important edible plants of india. There is another kind, the grey mustard (Sinapis incana) the leaves and the young plants of which are being eaten. All varieties of mustard Seed contain fixed oil proteins and mucilage (mouldy juice). Other important constituents are certain Sugar compounds of glucosides and a mixture of active substances
or enzymes called "Myrosin'.
TO PREPARE MUSTAR D FLOUR, the seeds are crushed and separated by Winnowing from the hulls. Yellow hulls are found in the cheapestgrades of ground mustard. Both kinds of his are often used in the wet mustard preparations, sold in bottle form. A large quantity of the fixed oil is removed by subjecting the crushed materials to hydraulic pressure, during which process the mustard is moulded together into thin hard plates: mustard cake. This is then reduced to fine powder by pounding. Prepared mustard consists of a mixture of ground mustard Seed or mustard flour with salt, spice and vinegar. Those preparations are often closely guarded secrets. 'Double mustard' is a mixture of black and white mustard. Fime grinding is needed for good mustard flour. Mustard meal or flour. was first used in 1720. by Mrs. Clements, of Durham, England, and as a result the name "Durham Mustard' is still used for the best of mustards.
THE TERM MUSTAR D is derived from the Latin Mustum the new wine which mustard-loving Romans mixed from the pounded seed-and the Latin word for mustard-Sinapis-comes from a Latin Sinapiy
TR BUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

Page 21
which is again derived from a Greek wford sinaps or mapy, ln antiquity a lot of anti dotes were adminserec'since everyone was afraid of poisoning. To the Greek philosopher Pythogoras, who lived im the Sixth centry B.C., is attributed an antidote to the bite of a scorpion; it was made of alcohol, amiseed and mustard. Hippocrates commended to o of mustard, but it had been in use as a condiment and medicine long before his period. Peeny, first century Romam maturalist, mentions that mustard "asso pungent a flavour that it burns like a fire though at the same time it is remarkably wholeson for the body. He has mentioned forty simple remedies With mustard as the chief ingredient of each of ther The so-called Physicians of Myddiai (half-legendary Welsh physicians of the twelfth and the following centuries) had their prescription for treatment of cough: Takemastard seed, coarsely powdered, both with Stewing figs in strong ale and drink."
MUSTAR D, like other condiments, when added to food such as maet, sausage, cheese and salads, is able to increase the appetite. The function of hunger is to ensure the taking of food. "he function of the appetite, on the other hand, is to insure the pleasant and palatable kind of Food. Without the pleasing feeling of appetite the digestive powers do not function at their best, and are less efficient. The taste and smell of mustard tend to increase the secretion of digestive juices in both mouth and stomach. Of course this will be true in the case of those who are accustomed to use of it. Mustard is used in medi cine, both internally and externally. A mixture of mustard and warm water is a convenient emetic in emergencies, as in the case of poisoning.
MUSTARD oil is a slightly yellowish liquid with a strong odour and capable of producing blisters on the skin when brought into contact with it. Externally, mustard is used as a limament or a plaster or mustard paper. Black mustard contains a glucoside, (substance containing glucose) sinegrin, and the ferment myrosin, which produces a volatile oil of . mustard in the presense of water. The mustard plaster and other preparations are powerful skin irritants and are used for neuritis, neuralgia, rheumatic pain and similar complaints. More popular in folk medicine is the mustard poultice in which powdered mustard is aprimkled om an ordinary poultice. A mustard bath is prepared by adding 2 to 4 teaspoonfuls of dry mustard powder to each gallon of warm water. A temperature of over 140 f. (60 °C.) should be avoided in mustard preparations, as the ferment is destroyed above that temperature.-
TRIBUNE OCTOBER 22, 1983

FOR VILLAGE USE China's Mini Generator
Hangzhou. An automatic miniature water turbime generating unit driven by low water head has been trial produced in Hangzhou, East China, and put into serial production. The bulb-type water turbine generator with electronic load regulator produced by Hangzhou Power Generating Equipment Plant, has a generating capacity of 7000 watts and weighs 600 kilcgrams. It is especially suitable for USe. In villages or rural villas because of its simple structure and easy installation and operation. The water turbime and generator are sealed im a cage-like Container submerged in water the operation of the generator and voltage is control:ed by the cabinet-shaped electronic load regulator installed at hime or in the office.
This type of equipment dispenses with the plant building and other facilities 2xcept a water chamme . with a drop of two to three meters. A small power station can be buit and go om stream in less than a month. On such generating unit can provide electricity for 70 households in rural areas for lighting, television, radio and electric fan consumption, and the construction cost is low. The new power generating equipment is expected to help develop ene'gy in mountaneous areas and aid the rural economy -Xinhua.
:ጵ 减 CHEAP
Vegetable Growing System
The development of a new cost-saving vegetable growing system the column-type growing method, has aroused interest in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Japan and Several European countries, Hungarian news agency MTI says that he method is based on the discovery that most vegetables require no more than five cubic cims of soil wel supplied with water and nutrients. The invention consists of a 1.5 metre high plastic foil column of 30 cm diameter contaming loose earth Saturated with the patented additive composition which guarantees unform water and nutrient Supply.
The vegetables are planted in holes in the side fo the column as plant grows higher than Soil level heating consumes less oil dripping irrigation is automatic with one hundredth of the usual quantity of water sufficient. Sun reaches the plants at a more favourable angle, Column-type growing does mot require labour consuming jobs such as simiglim g, weeding and hoeing, or fertilisers and plant protectives. The growing surface of columns placed on one Sq. metre is the equivalent of 10 sq. metres of even surface, and plastics that do not react with the Soil can be used. In one season as much as 50 - 60 kg. tomato can grow on one columm and the cropping
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Page 22
of five plants meets the demand of a five to six member family.-MT/.
• 9 PORTABLE
Hydro Plants
A portable hydro-power plant weighing only about 80 kg has been devloped by Soviet engineers in Kirghizia. The mini hydraulic power station can be installed in just am hour. The plant generates enough electricity to light and heat several buildings, run a refrigerator and a washing machine, feed electric stoves and charge batteries. Easy to handle, the new Kirghizian plant consists of four units: a water scoop, a pressure hose, a hydro-power unit and a voltage regulator. A small stream with a flow rate of 50 litres a second and a four degree gradient is enough for the normal operation of the 1.5 kilowatt power station whose guaranteed service life is over 10,000 hours.-APW.
RECONCILIATION,
REHABILITATION,
RECONSTRUCTION AND THE PEOPLE
A PLEA FOR NATIONAL UNITY AND
An Windivided Sri Lanka
By Prof. C. G. Weeramantry
Below we publish the first instalment of a paper based upon an address delivered by Prof C. G. Weeramantry at a meeting of the Overseas Sri Lankan's Organisation for Wational Unity held at the Old Arts Theatre, Melbourne University, on 17th September 1983
MAY, WELCOME you all this afternoon to this gegeral meeting of the Overseas Sri Lankans' Organisation for National Unity. Your presence im Such numbers will no doubt assist in charting a patch for our journey towards national reconciliation. May I also say that appreciate your electing me. especially in my absense overseas, as President of this Organisation. It is a very sad episode in our recent history that bring us together and - hopefully this episode will stimulate overseas Sri Lankans to contribute more positively to the general interest and well being, the unity and good name of Sri Lanka. There seems at the present time to be a widespread attempt to damage Sri Lanka's interests and denigrate her image.
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This is causing grave concern to all who value Sri Lanka's reputation, prosperity and national integrity. A who love Sri Lanka need to contribute to the preservation of her fair name and national unityqualities which anyone with the national interests at heart must value. This appeal is therefore addressedto all Sri Lankans, irrespective of ethmic origin, religion, language or place of residence. I do not know whether similar meetings of Sri Lankans have been held in other parts of the world and it may Well be - that our group may inspire similar activities elsewhere. believe groups such as this, dedicated to the nationa! welfare and approaching current problems in a spirit of reconciliation and goodwill, can help greatly towards easing misunderstanding and building bridges of communicatiom between allt groups of Sri Lenkans. The Sri Lankan community im Melbourne is one of the largest and best established groups of Sri Lankans living overseas and it is appropriate that some initiatives should proceed from their group. This is am association, I might stress, which is centred on the themes of national unity and nonviolence. It is opem to al people of goodwill who desire a united Sri Lanka and abhor violence. its office-bearers will be drawn from all communities and an open invitation is extended to all who share these ideals to join with us.
ThE EVENT that brings us together is not only one of the saddest but also one of the most momentous in our recent history. The insurgency of 1971 took many more lives than the present episode and was a frightening upheaval. Yet it did not have the potential to tear the country aprat and plunge us all into a future of disharmony and racial rancour. That is why the preseht situation demands much more from us all. It denies to any one of us the right to be passive bystanders bemoaning their helplessness in the face of apparently insurmountable forces. A contribution is required from each of us. No effort is too little, no individual too powerless, to contribute positively to the limit of his ability. To bind up our wounds and help in healing the malady which caused them is a national task of the utmost priority In this great national task certain attitudes are neceSSary on the part of all Sri Lankans.
Necessary Attitudes : The first essential is a sober and calm evaluation of the factors lying behind the recemt CrisiS. We meed cool heads rather tham inflamed hearts, sober judgement rather than impassiomed rhetoric. We must mot indulge im recrimimations. Recriminations are very easy to indulge in, blame very easy to apportion. All Sri Lankans should resist this temptation, if for no other reason than that by their own passive inaction blame must lie on them all. The structure of law and order has broken down so dramatically that there must be Some self-examination by us all to see where we have gone wrong. It is most encouraging to see signs of this spirit of self-examination already in Some
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983.

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quarters in Sri Lanka. A notable example is provided by the Sarvodaya movement which is taking stock of the situation in a frank and candid search for the causes which led to this moment of madness. Where have we as a nation gone wrong? What is lacking in our national character or in our educational System or in our social mores? Why do we reel from one crisis to another? Why does the structure of law and order collapse like a house of cards? We just cannot afford to drift on in this fashion. We cannot afford another such episode, another bout of madness. The only way to avert it is to consider most urgently where we have gone Wrong and pool our wisdoms to steer a change of course. For this purpose we must plan both in the short term and the long term, for some of the scars left by this episode can only be removed by long term measures, planned with deep sensitivity and perception.
Politicians cannot handle this. Indeed they have failed dismally. The clergy, professional people, society workers, the lay public-all who have something to contribute-must pool their resources because we cannot leave this task to the politicians alone. in another context the French statesman Clemenceau once said that war was too serious a business to be left to the generals. In the present context, communal disharmony is too serious a business to be left to the politicians. Movements such as the Sarvodaya movement, which are attempting an apolitical approach deserve every encouragement and support. It is in such ideology and atitudes that we have the best - opportunities for creating harmony where rancour now prevails. A proper approach to our present - problems cannot be linear and simplistic. It must be multi-dimensional and multi-disciplinary. it must reach far below the surface and delve deep in its search for the causes and for the causes underlying these causes. It will involve considerations of history, economics, sociology, psychology, law and international relations. The causes and the preventives will not be found if we merely keep scratching the surface of the problem. Indeed it is by scratching the Wound in this way that it has been further irritated and produced a running Sore.
A SECOND AT TITUDE which is essential is the attitude of national unity. That is one of the principal justifications for this association and that way alone can we achieve the objectives of restoring peace and harmony to our country. A third necessary attitude is the abandonment of defeatism. What has occurred is a terrible episode, but we must not resign ourselves, because of its intensity and the havoc it created, to the feeling that nothing can be done. There are many steps that can be taken and we must overcome such defeatism. We must restore for our children the harmony which, as children, we once enjoyed. Fourthy, we need, in order to achieve
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

Success, an attitude of reconconciliation, forgiveness
and charity. All our traditional wisdoms point to this. Whether we look at any of our great religions or ar our ancient cultures, we will find that they all point in this, direction-reconciliation, forgiveness charity.
in Buddhism, as we all know, a doctrine which every Sri Lankan Buddhist--as wall as othershas learnt at his mother's knee is that hatred ceases not by hatred but by love alone. In Hinduism the Bhagavadgita teaches us that freedom from anger compassion towards all and forgiveness are among the transcendental virtues. Christianity immortalises its Founder's teaching: 'Love one another as have loved you.' in Islam the farewell sermon of the Holy Prophet contains a ringing reminder to all Muslims, that one race has no Superiority over any other but that all alike are the children of Adam. These teachings are all an integral pat of our national culture, interwoven into the fabric of Sri Lankan life by generations of co-existence with mutual respect for each other's traditions and values. So much are they part of our national life that every one of us has assimilated some part of them. I do hope we will be able to use some of this wisdom and of the Sense of values underlying it to remould our contemporary attitudes. if there was ever a time in our nation's history when we needed reconciliation, forgiveness and charity, it is now. In order to achieve reconciliation what must we do?
Requisites for Reconcillation. In the first place it is necessary for the Sinhalese to recall the contribution which their Tamil brothers and sisters have made to the development and culture of Sri Lanka just as Sri Lankan Tamils need to recal the contributions ot their Sinhalese brothers and sisters. On the national scene we have had truly mational leaders, like Sir Ponnamblalam Ramanathan who worked untiringly for the mational Welfare without thought that they belonged to this community or that. Om the international Scene we have had Scholars like Ananda Coomaraswamy who, without fear of contradiction, could be described as the most outstanding internationally recognised Scholar we have produced. His life and work, to which a leading American University has seen fit to devote a multivolume biographical study, had brought enduring lustre to our country. Significantly, his books included Mediaeval Sinhalese Art and Buddha and the Gospel of Buddhism.
Likewise, the achievements of Tamil culture can justly be described as immensely enriching our national heritage and the fabric of our mational life. The high antiquity of Tamil civilisation, the brilliance of its literature, the sophistication of its musical and artistic forms, the depth of its philosophy-all these are matters of national pride. So ancient was this culture that people, places, animals and products
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mentioned in the Old Testament have been identified with corresponding Dravidian terms, thus attesting to a civilisation as old as any known to mankind. The powerful Dravidian kingdoms of South India had a thriving trade with ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome. Whem Christiam civilisatiom commenced. Dra vidian civilisation was old. Through Sri Lankan Tamils have lived in Sri Lanka for a thousand years and thus identify naturally with Sri Lanka rather than India, they must, as naturally, take immense pride in these ancient achievements of Dravidian civilisation. All Sri Lankans know also that Tamil culture is an integral part of our national way of life from the solemnities attendant on the Kandy perahera to the more homely celebration of Thai Ponga and Deepavali and the festivities associated with the Vel processiom.
Im the same way as Simhalese remember with gratitude their famil leaders who were truly national, the Tamil Sri Lankans would likewise remember Sinhalese leaders like Sir James Peiris, F. R. Senanayake and D. S. Senanayake, who were accepted as national leaders by Sinhalese and Tamils alike. Tami Sri Lankans will remember also ever since they became an integral part of Sri Lanka's popuiation, hundreds of thousands of them have lived happily and earned their living in the midst of the Sinhalese population. They were welcomed, they prospered, they rose to positions of eminence. Except for the sporadic aberrations of recent years no resentments were shown to them in the South nor were any distinctions made, from the spacious luxury of the Cinnamon Gardens to the humble Tamil boutique dowm the street. If this gemeral picture has recently become distorted, we must not lose our sense of perspective.
LKEWISE, it is necessary for Tamil Sri Lankans to have a due appreciation of Sinhalese culture. Like the Tamil, it is rich in achievement. Among its achievements are the preservation and fostering of Buddhism in its purest form and the recording of the . Buddhist scriptures at Aluvihare in the fisrt century B. C. by a commission of monks. This compilation exceeded in volume the famous codification of Justinian six centuries later, which was one of the greatest works of collective Scholarship known to the European world till modern times. It evolved a sophisticated irrigation system, of which Arthur Clark has said the like has yet to be seen upon the face of this planet. It produced a civilisation of peace and Serenity classed by the historian Toynbee,among others, as one of the great civilisations of the world. The flourishing Sinhalese kingdom at the commencement of the Christian era had am embassy at the court of Rome, as we learn from Gibbon and other writers. The colossal structures of that period such as the Ruwamvelisaya rival im size the pyramids of Egypt. In the context of today's lawlessness is worthy of note that Sri Lankan Society in that age
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was so orderly that payment of the workers took the from of baskets of coins being placed at the four entrances to the workplace. Each labourer was free to help himself from the basket with what he considered a just payment for his labour. This is recorded in Some detail in the Mahavamsa, the ancient con - temporaneous chronice of the Simhalese and it is good to remind ourselves of this at a time when dis order and loss of self restraint are lacking the country.
The intertwining of these brilliant cultures-the Tamil and the Sinhalese-has been a historica/ process at work for centuries and has made Sri Lanka what it is. We need on the part of Sinhalese Sri Lankans and Tamil Sri Lankans a mutual recognition of these contributions and their inter-relatedness-a recognition often notably lacking among many leaders, and through their example spreading a corrosive influence to other levels of society. Mutual appreciation of each other's cultures and contributions to the nation is thus the first prere quisite.
THE SECOND PREREOUISTE is that each of US should take a little time to consider our own personal experiences. Sinhalese persons would no doubt, each one of them, be able to recall numerous instances of kindness, of inst uction, of comfort, and of material benefits which they have received from their brothers and sisters of the Tamil community. Members of the Tamil community would be able to do the same. Taking my own case, for example, I remember with great affection and respect my first form teacher at Royal College, the first teacher encountered in that school, Mr. Rajaratnam. I remember my first teacher of law, Professor Nadaraja.. if go back to my earlier years-in my very early childhood-l remember our neighbours, a family called Muttunayagams, and as a little boy I was in and out of their house, and they were very dear aunts and uncles to me. As a judge later on in the Jaffna Assizes, which very often asked for, l had very happy times with the complete co-operation of the Bar and of the members of the community in Jaffna. And some of my best and dearest friends both at School and later on at the Bar have been members of the Tamil community. I am sure each one of you can repeat that sort of persomal experiemce. I could go on memtioning a long list of names, as I have no doubt each of you can.
THIRDLY, we must always remember that we must keep the bridges of communication open So as to preserve every possibility of dialogue with our brothers and sisters of the Tamil community. In these days of stress and Sensitivity, it is easy to slip into the offending phrase or sentiment which can so easily break down these delicate bridges and ruin, through thoughtlessness, what we should labour hard to protect. Fourthly, it is most important that we condemn violence im every form, whether it be the violence of youth, or the violence of the
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"mob, violence as a political weapon, or violence in khaki. A thise forms of violence We must Condemn. Reconciliation is impossible without a general condemnation of violence in all its forms. Fifthly, we need a reaffirmation of equality and the human rights of every individual and a fresh dedication to these ideals Lip service will not do. Constitutional or other provisions however eloquently expresses om paper are mo substitute for a genuine commitment to these ideals at all levels of the community. We must ensure that through such a genuine Commit ment we avoid the criticism that constitutional guaramtees are only parchment protections to be broken through like parchment when the need arises. Sixthy We need to extend our sympathy and show our concern to all who have b3en the victims of violence-those who have been cruelly benefit of their loved ones or deprived of their life's savings; those who have seen their homes devastated their neigh bourhood destroyed their lifestyles shattered. There is little indeed we can do to fill these gaps in their life for nothing cam restore the touch of a vanished hand or the Sound of a voice that is still. But we can at least show how deeply we care-not merely by words but by genuine attitudes of concein.
A seventh point is that we need also, on each sider to recongnise our faults. If there has been conduct that was not merely brutal but bestial, let us acknowledge this and cal a spade. Let us mot hide behind excuses, scapegoats or Smokescreens of any kind. Let us expect this attitude from all sides and not settle for any less. An eighth point is that violence is never a justification for violence in return. Violent conduct by one party tends often to be referred to as though it were justification for an act of return violence. AS Mahatma Gandhi said, if we followed the principle of an eye for an eye the whole world would be bli ind.
We must therefore not slip into the error one often hears repeated that crime B was committed because crime A preceded it. "h 2 murder of soldiers is not condoned by allegations of prior acts of rape. Murder and arson against a civilian population are not in the least condoned by the prior murder of soldiers. Nor should we put up with what may call the "drop in the ocean' a gument. One hears it said that the violence of the Tiger terrorists is "a drop in the . ocean' compared to, the violence on the other side do not think this is an acceptable argument at al. Even a single human life is never 'a drop in the ocean' and there have been many lives taken as a result of this kind of political violence. Seventy political murders, committed by these terrorists in slow stages over a period of five years, cannot by any stretch of logic or language be described as a 'drop in the ocean". Four murders of police and service personnel in 1977, 8 in 1978, 3 in 1979, 9 in 1981, 9 1982, 4 in 1983 followed by the killing of thirteen soldiers, constitute a chilling record of
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

horror by any standards. In addition 14 politicians were murdered during these years and 13 informants. The Sinhala majority in the face of such provocative acts, stood by for six years. Still, the unleashing of mob fury that resulted when the dams of restraint were breached cannot in any way be condoned.
It is clear then that we must begin dialogue and am happy that the initiative we have taken in this direction has already baen productive of significant results. When we first suggested this, there was a feeling among many that this would be a fruitless exercise, having regard to the intense feeling that had then developed on both sides. This dialogue did however bring together representatives of a communities-Sinhalese, Tamil, Burgher and Muslim -and we were able to achieve much agreement resultiro in a significant common document condemning violence and affirming the human rights of every citizen of Sri Lanka. What becomes so patently clear when you start this kind of dialogue is that the mo" ment people meet face to face, they discuss things frankly. There is a complete reasonableness that comes into the entire exercise and so much more is achieved than can be achieved if each camp Sulks at a distonce from the other, and broods over the wrongs-real or imagined-that might have been done to it. So one of our great objectives must be to build up dialogue and keep the bridges open. Sinhalese a people should imagine themselves in the place of the Tamil community who have gone through such a harrowing time, Loss of property, destitution, inity death, humiliation, fear , the scarring of the minds of the younger generation-all these evil things have happened to them and must be condemned. Likewise Tamil leople should see the widows, the fatherless children, the bereaved parents of the numerous victims of "Tiger' violence. Where is all this leading our nation except to destruction?
To be continued. . 其 ,X PEOPLE'S DECLARATION
Causes for Degeneration
Causes for Degeneration
This is the third instalment of the People's Declaration for Wational peace and Harmony adopted at the Sarvodaya Confernce at the BMICH on October 1 & 2.
3. Losing Fear and Shame to Violate State Law and Social Worms. We declare our acceptance of the fact that because of the Value Based Educational System, aimed at Man's personality development to the fullest, the members of families, villages, cities, and as a nation, had a sense of fear and shame to commit acts illegal and immoral, and that,
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these sentiments of fear, due to awareness of impending punishment for violation of State Law, and shame, due to awa"eness of inevitable ostracism for impeachment of Social Norms, wielded tremendous power as social forces, and that, during the last few decades, and in particular, since regaining independence, this situation changed, and the people commonly developed a feeling that, using wealth, power and position, Some could freely violate State Law, and using intimidation they could till live high, violating Social Norms, though being secretly despised by Society, and the resultanterosion of this sense of Fear and Shame to break the State and Moral Laws in public life, paved way for the emergence of groups of anti-social, fearless and shameless elements
in our Society.
4. Weakening of Community leadership. We accept the fact that, by the time we regained our Independence, prevailed a situation, where State Law and Legal Power over-powered People's Law and Power of Righteousness due to Western Imperial influence, and hence, as Political Parties and Political Leadership replaced Western Rule, these Parties and their Leaders emerged to provide State, National and Religious Leadership, in place of the Value Based Leadership provided earlier by the Maha Samgha. . and because the majority Sinhala Community and the main minority Tamil Community as well as the Christian and Islamic Communities, all, degenerated themselves in the stranglehold of divisive strife. and disintegration, the number of Community Leaders capable of providing leadership to the people from village level upto national level based on People's Power and Power of Righteousness gradually dwindled, and almost disappeared in present times.
5. Interference With State Services by External Forces, We accept the fact that, even in the context of a weakened Law of Righteousness, the Social Discipline and Social Peace will be protected atleast to an extent, if the State Law is impartial, but, that, due to partisan political forces, the irresponsible acts of some leaders, committed openly, discredited the necessary just powers, honour and respect, of Public Institutions like the Public Service, Police and the Army which are maintained by Public Funds for Public Safety, and hence, the sttength these institutions possessed as Institutes for the safety
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of the General Public was considerably weakened, and that alone caused the decline of Disciplinary Strength and Moral Courage of those who Served im these, and that im turm ushered our Society during that Dark Week, into an Interregnum.
6. Creating of a Wrong Life Style. We accept the fact that, our indigeneous Life Style which helped in a balanced achievement of both Spiritual and Material Needs was later leading more towards Wants than Needs, and that, the creation of an ostentatious, artificial Life Style making use of various Communication Media by the "Haves' who distanced themselves from the 'Have-mots', making even the bulk of the people who from the 'Have-nots' to get lured into this New Style, like moths to the flame during the past few years, to satisfy either their inner psychological desires or conceptual needs and that, even So, the denial of an opportunity for this by the competitive economic System led a majority of them psychologically to dissatisfaction and despair and hence, these disgruntled groups, who failed to realise their psychological expectations and im particular, some groups, who were not disciplined by State Law, a wholesome edudation or in particular by Value Systems, made use of political or communal conflicts caused by small groups and reacted adversely committing anti-social acts to compensate their pent up dissatsifaction.
ÜEELISE 49”gрояiy(0P* Aase
Bristol Trophy
BRENDON KURUPPU, Bloomfield's skipper and Sri Lanka's opening batsman at the last World Cup tourney in England led his team admirably to secure the glittering Bristol Trophy for the first time of asking when they beat the much-fancied Nom-descripts led by another World Cup representative Ranjan Madugalle at the picturesque Sinhalese Sports Club ground recently. Bloomfield who took the field
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as underdogs upset all calculations to win by six wickets in a game which was originally to be of 50 overs but reduced to 41 overs a side because of rain. Both teams, Nondescripts and the Bloomfielders, had things their own way in the preliminary rounds entered the final without much difficulty. With the weather taking a turn for the better and the wicket and the ground looking good for a lot of runs much was expected in this final. But Sad to say the game did not materialise into the final it promised to be and the Bloomfielders ran out easy winners. As there was a little grass on the wicket there was no doubt that the captain winning the toss was going to ask the other side to take first lease. The wicket was expected to have a little bit of life early owing to the moisture having set in because the wicket was covered. But that did not mean that the wicket was going to be difficult to bat on.
Kuruppu won the toss and primpty asked Madugalle to have first use of it. Nondescripts opened with their record breakers in the previous game, Ravi Ratnayake and Amal Silva, both lefthanders with
tremendous experience in this type of cricket. Ratnayake had notched a blazing century in the semi-final against the Police. Silva missed at just eight runs and in the same game these two were associated in an epic 212 run stand for the first wicket. Ratnayake specially it seemed had blossomed out into a good opening batsman and a lot was expected from him in this final. He showed that his ton in the game against the Police was just a flash in the pan because he showed his immaturity by slashing away at a Swirger from Vinodhan John, which flew wide to Kaluperumma at guiley who dived to his right to take a truly fantastic catch. Ratnayake was out in the first over.
With the dismissal of Ratnayake, Nondescripts problems began. The next four batsman Aravinda de Silva, Rajam Madugalle, Amal Silva and Uvais Karnain cama and went and the rain which came down with the Nondescripts total on 29 for five was a blessing in disguise. One just could not understand this debacle. There was mothirg im the wicket to prompt the Nondescripts collapse. It was just bad batti.g. One could not understand the approach of skipper Madugalle and his other experienced team mate Aravinda de Silva. Madugale with heaps of experience in this kind of game had only to settle . down, see the shire off and then set about the oppoment's attack. But Madugate seemed to be overawed by the occasion and driving too early at John sooned a catch to cover fieldsman Keerthi Ranasinghe who accepted the catch with much glea. Madugalle made two. Aravinda de Silva in the meantime seemed to be playing a game all his own. He was more concerned in hitting the ball in the air, rather than put his head down and rescue his side from the rut that they were in. He did this a little too often and skipper Kuruppu dropped his mid off fieldsman a little deep
TriBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

and de Silva directed a drive straight to this fieldsman who again happened to be Ranasinghe. This was bad batting by de Silva and good thinking by skipper Kuruppu and intelligent bowling by Cooray.
Before the rains came down the Bloomfields gave an exhibition of some excellent fielding. 'Catches win matches' goes the adage and the Bloomfielders seemed to have settled down to nothing else as their fieldsman clung on to some impossible catches. Catches taken by Kaluperuma and Ramasinghe were certainly match-winning ones. This excellent catching propped up their bowlers Vinodhan Johm and Ajit Cooray and they were sending down the leather at their brilliant best. Both John and Cooray were mot looking for pace off the wicket. Instead they were pitching om a good e.gth and moving the ball round for which ploy the Nondescripts batsmen did not seem to have an answer. Had the Nondescripts batsmen made it a point to see the shine off the ball, they could have endeavoured to build up a formidable score. But what one saw of the Nondescripts batsmen was--all heads up-and the ball balooning into the fielders hands, he same patten continued after the break for rain and the Nondescripts were dismissed for a measly 74 runs in 38 overs.
Left hander Rohan Buultjeans was not his usually confident self and after scatching around top scored for the Nondescripts with 31. John continued his good form with the ball to finish up with 4 for 17. He was well supported by Ajit Cooray who had figures of 3 for 19. The Bloomfielders when it came to their turn showed the Nondescripts how to set about it in this type of game. They had 41 overs to get the 75 runs needed for victory and were in no undue hurry as they spaced their run chase to ultimately secure it for the loss of 4 wickets and in 25.3 overs. Opener Kuruppu who was a batting Success in England seadied his side's immings to remain unbeatem om 39 when victory was achieved An ugly note was Struck at the conclusion of the game and that was during the prize giving. The crowd seemed to be restless and were even a nuisance to the Chairman of the Ceylon Tobacco Co., Mr. Hartley and his wife who were giving away the awards. The organisers would have done well to have had the prize distribution im the paviliom rather tham expose Mr. & Mrs. Hartley to the unruly crowd.
STILL WITH CRICKET and the coming division one tourmament promises to be the best if mot the best ever because there is every possibility of Austraia's great fast bowler Dennis Lillee turning out in the colours of the Sinhalese Sports Club and every likelihood of at least a couple of first class English umpires donning the white coat here for the first time. Lillee's arriva im Sri Lanka, I ALLROUNDER understands has been made possible by Stafford Group. Safford Group with former Sri Lamka opeming batsmam Mithra Wettimuny at the helm are all ou
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to promote the game here and this is the first step im their promotional Campagn The English umpires Dickie Bird, Naurie Meyer, Ken Pakmer and David Evans has made their Services available to the Cricket Board and it will certainly do the game and umpiringt in Sri Lanka a world of good if the services of these umpires are obtained. It is understood that these umpires will do their own travelling up and down and that they would only ask the Cricket Board to provide them with board and lodging and the usual expenses to be provided when umpiring a game. This is a reasonable request and it is hoped tha Mr. Gamini Dissanayake, President of the Board and his other office bearers will filmd ways and meams of accommodating these umpies. These four umpires are the best available in England and in addition to obtaining their services, our cricketers and umpires will have a lot to gain from their expertise. In the meantime, Peter Philpott who trained our c?icke' erS before their tour of Australia and New Zealand is explorirg possibilities of bringing a team of cricketers from King's College in Paramatta, Weste: m Australia, during November - December this year. If this tour materializes it will be a good experience for our Schoolboy cricketers who have been starved of Competition for a long time. One of Sri Lanka's best umpires Errol Seneviratne who is back from England after a stint of umpiring, it is understood has refused to stand im apartheid South Africa. Semeviratne has been offered £ 10,000 for a season. Seneviratine however will not fall for this bait. He says he prefers to stamid in the English cricket. Semeviratne has many more years of umpiring ahead of him and it is hoped that the Cricket Board will explore a possibilities of using him for the bette ment of umpiring here.
TO RUGBY and the kinokout to us nament due to start soon and the unfortunate withdrawal of the Police Sports Club. No one can blame the Police for withdrawing. Their ruggerites have just settled down after strenuous quelling the recent riots and with no practice at all it is unfair to ask them to play in the knockout tourney. Had the Police taken the field there was no doubt that they would have been one of the drawcards of the tourney. When the Clifford Cup tourney was stalled they were second to the CH & FC. The Policemen are confident of taking the field in the tournaments to be conducted next year. Former Police skipper and Sri Lanka's coloursmand Daya Jayasundera has been promoted to the rank of Assistant Superintendent of Police. Boxer, footballer, hockey player and ruggerte, JayaSundera is now the Coach of the Police ruggerites. Jayasundera made his debut for Dharmaraja and later turned out for Kandy Sports Club. He later joined the Police and had a successful run. Other Police sportsmen to be promoted are Lawrence Amarasema and G.S. Ratnayake cricketers amd Ivan Boteju. who was a good sprinter. Promoted are also C. T. Yogakumaran athelete and H. Caldera boxer.
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SPORTS CHRONICLE
October 3 - 9
MONDAY, OCTOBER 3: Dharmaraja hammered a massive 331 for 8 declared in their cricket match
against Vidyartha beguin yesterday at Lake View,
Kandy; Vidyatha in reply were 43 for no loss when
bad light stopped play at 5 p.m. the match will be continued today: Dharmaraja 331 for 8 declared
and Vidyartha 43 for no loss at close of play. Former
Sri Lanka left-arm bowler D. Sahabandu made a
memorable debut for Paterson SC in the Pu'e Bevera
ges Trophy Division 3 Tournament match agaimst
Panadura SC at Panadura yesterday; he scored and
unbea'en 13 in Peterson's first innings score of 129
and then captured five wickets for 35 to dismiss
Panadura for 109; Peterson SC 129 in 51.2 overs and Panadura SC 109 in 45 overs. A hat-trick by
M. Z. M. Wazeer helped Aslams score a six wicket
win over Zodiac in a limited over match played at the Prisons Grounds yesterday: Zodiac 120 in 28
overs and ASlams 123 for 4 in 18 overs.
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 4: European Asiam Bamk beat Indo Suez Bank by 5 wickets in a cricket match at Vihara Mahadevi Park om Sunday ; they also wom the Netball match whicih followed by 20 goals to 11 : 1 mdo Suez Bank 45 and Europeam Asian Bamk 56. A good knock of 53 by Beverley Kerner and an - equally good bowling performance by Dasantha Gunawardena (6 for 13) Stsered Travel Bag to a 47 run victory over Hayleys in their Mercantile E Division cricket tournament match played om Saturday at the BRC grounds, Havelock Park: Travel Bag 141 in 49.3 overs and Hayleys 94 in 30.1 overs. Kingswood College Kandy Scored an easy 4-2 win over Dargola Vidyalay, Kandy in their Sri Lanka Schools under 15 soccer tournament match for the Sports Ministry Shield played at Randles Hill, Kandy.
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 5. A good double by S. Gunasekera who took 3 wickets for 40 runs and scored 51 helped Old Dharmapalians to a first innings win over Old 'omians in their Pure Beverages Trophy (Division III) cricket tournament match played at Pannipitiy: Old Thomians 151 off 42,1 overs and Old Dharmapalians 249 off 41.2 overs. Mackwoods scored an easy 7 wicket win over Aristons in their Mercantile F Division Cricket l'out nament match on the MCA grounds: Aristons 74 all out in 31.4 overs and Mackwoods 78 for 3 in 28.2 overs. Someswaran, Jayawickrema and Manthiri's crushing 33 goals to 10 win over Jinasena's in a Group B match, afte leading 17-7 at half time, highlighted the second day of the Mercantile Knockout Netball Tournament on the Colts Grounds yesterday.
THURSDAY. OCTOBER 6: Navy were held to a no-decision by Peterson A in their Pure Beverages Trophy (Div. II) Cricket tournament match played
TR BUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

Page 29
at Welisara Navy 185 off 53.2 overs and Peterson 132 for 9 off 55 overs. An unbroken last wicket stand of 55 runs between Erwin Fonseka 29 and Kasum Perera 18 steered St. Anthony's Wattala under 13 cricket team to an exciting one wicket win over Veluwana School in a pre-tourmament match played at Wattala: Veluwana School 82 and St Anthony's 123 for 9. Havelocks A defeated Seaguls by 24 points (2 goals and 3 tries) to nil after leading by 10-mil at the break at Havelock Park yesterday. W. Weerakody (Colts CC) beat Nihai Dissanayake (YMBA) by 296 points in 186 im a Firat Roumd match of the Colombo District Lanka Plate Billiards Toumament conducted by the Sri Lanka Billiards Association and played at the YMCA Tables, Fort yesterday.
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 7: In their Mercantile F Division cricket match Blue Oceanic Beach Hotel defeated Singer industries by 127 runs at the BRC grounds: Blue Oceanic Beach Hotel 205 all out for 46.2 overs and Singer industries 78 all out in 23 overs. A fourth wicket partnership of 69 runs between M. Atapattn (36 mot out and C. Wijesekera (30) helped Amanda B beat Ananda A in a warm up match for the under 13 Cricket Tournament at Ananda Mawatha yesterday: Ananda A 86 and Ananda B 90 for 4. K. H. Jayasena, Leslie Hewage and Lalith fernando won their opening matches in the Lanka Plate Billiards tournament . (Colombo District) now being played at the Central YMCA tables. Fort. Youth Services brought off the biggest win so far in the Mercantile Knockout Netball Championships. Yesterday, at the Colts Grounds at Havelock Park, they routed Oxford Garments by 58 goals to 2 after leading 25-2 at half time. SATURDAY. OCTOBER 8: Dimbulla C and AC were held to a no decision by th Old Trinitians Sports Club Kandy in their Pure Beverages trophy cricket tournamen match played at the Asgiriya Stadium last Sunday ; Dimbula 199 all out in 53.3 overs and old Trinitians. 168 for 8 in 42 overs at close. Duke of Edimburgh Sports Ciub, Tennakumbura defeated Young Olympians Spots Club, Kandy by 3 goals to 1 in a Soccer match played at Police Grounds Kandy last Sunday. St. Mary's SC Wattala defaated Saranankara SC in the final of the six-a-side softball cricket tournament conducted by the Red Eag'e's SC Sedduwa and played recently at the People's playground, Seeduwa; the winners were awarded the Basil Rodrigo Chelterge Shield and the runners up the Lucky Restaurant Shiseld. Twenty eight teams participated in the tournament.
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 9: A 16 year old fresher Sujith Perera with a fine century, piloted St. Sebastian's Moratuwa to a ten wicket win over Trinty in the iner-school cricket match at Moratuwa yesterday; Sujith Peera (119) and Priyala Rodrigo (50) vere associated in a productive fourth wic&et partnership of 91 runs, which helped the Sebastianities to make 273 for 7 wickets declared in their first innings in reply to Trinity's 192. 26-Year old U. B. Sooriam
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

pala-a leading Aircraftsmam im the Sri Lamka Air Force was the star at the 'Mr. Central YMCA' and
"Mr. Novices' Body Building and Weightlifting championships held at the Central YMCA Gym.
nasium on Friday night. Trailing by one goal at half time Fantos Sports Club staged a fight-back to darw their Silver Cub Soccer Tournament match against Winners Sports Club 3 all at Price Park
yesterday.
X . . .
ROWING
Next Regatta
The lawn of the Colombo Rowing Club poses a resplendent sight most evenings that I've been there, especially now that Royal College are back in the fray after what seems a long absence, and it would seems to be all land training with a vergeance. The activity in this respect is most impressive, the neat rowing dress of the boys, their discipline, unison, all this under their own leaders, whose word is respected and whose word is obeyed with alacrity. "he trouble of course is the dearth of rowing equipment. One bank tub seems hardly sufficient for Such a large number of bows, and unless you are a school boy or a beginner you do not seem to stand a chance of a look-in. St. Thomas College may be regarded . as the old faithfuls, and it is nice to see some of their old oarsmen back who were kept away for much the same reason as Royal, the examinations. The other day a quite veteran of an oarsman could be seen being coached on the water for a race that is coming up Soon, he and his companion in a coxswainless pair, their coaches, the school boys, in a coxed pair, and the coached were certainly put through their paces. −
The regatta that is coming up was postponed a fortnight, and it wil now take place on the 29th October. There is the Royal Colombo Yacht Club Cup for pairs the Firms pairs, a senior sculls and a senior pairs face, and the H. M. S. Enterprise fours. While most people have been slow to put down their names for these races, training is certainly going on space. It may just be the reluctance of people to commit themselves until they are sure of their form. The annual Royyi-Thomian clash im the water has still to take place this year The F. E. A. R. A. regatta which should have taken place in Colombo was first postponed because of the July troubles, and it has now had to be cancelled. It is not certain yet if Colombo Rowing Club will be able to Send a team to take part in the A. R. A. E. regetta in India, or whether the very old Nadras-Colombo regatta which should be held in Madras this year will take place at all.
Meanwhile rowing is flourishing to judge by all the activity that is going on, and perhaps by having fewer serious races for while the stSndard and quality of the rowing in the Island will improve.
OUR ROW/WG CORRESPONDENT
27

Page 30
CONFIDENTIALLY
Cattle Exports
is T NOT A FACT that Tribune's Sherlock Holmes had taken up the matter of the export of cattle (cows) in his column in the Tribune on July 9? That the Editor had written to the Secretary of the Ministry of Rural Industrial Development about some matters connected with this export? That by the time replies were received and Sherlock Holmes had prepared his preliminary reply there was an announcement that the President had placed a ban on the export of that consignment then ready in Trincomalee for shipment? That hard on the heels of this came the July disturbances? That, in the turmoil that ensued, a shipment of nearly a thousand cattle had been shipped to Sharjah in the UAE? That news has now reached Sherlock Holmes that the local "exporters' were gettirg ready for a second shipment of another 1,000 head of cattle? That elsewhere in this issue, we have published a note Sherlock Holmes had prepared in July but which could not be published owing to the disturbances? That below we publish a note prepared for him by a reader who is a reccgnized (veterinary and livestock) auth rit ? That this is what he says : 'm response.'0 your request for any observations on this matterr before getting to technica ities, the first thing to be noted is that once again His Excellency the President has had to intervene in a trivial matter, despite the onerous matters of state pressing on his time' (He referred to the first ban which was thrown as a useless piece of paper into the sea at Trincomale Ed). '.... Be that as it may, the correct procedure which should have been followed before the decision to export cattle, would have been to have obtained Cabinet approval. Firstly, because this was a new policy being undertaken. Secondly, becaus the export of breeding cattle which everyone KnOWs is in serious short supply, wil effect the programmes of several other ministries, for example, Agriculture and Lands and Mahaweli, apart from other intecomplimentary inter-relationships with other economic activities. I undersrana, these Ministries were not consulted.... It is also admitted that the County is desperately short of cattle, especially milk and breeding cows... Then why did the Ministry of Rural industrial Development suddenly decide to export breeding cows from the limited stock from the Eastern milk sheds vital for this project? Whatever the reason one thing is sure. This Ministry and the Department concerned are operating in splendid isolation from its parent agricultural sector and the other State insitutions concermed. . . . "
S IT ALSO NOT TRUE that "from the time the news of the export broke out in the press, the Mimistry has tried to make all sorts of excuses to mislead the
28

public and the leaders of this country into believing that the exports were authorised after careful consideration of all aspects. For instance, Mr. Ganeshamathan was reported to have told the Sun of 20th July 1983 that the Sri Lanka Embassy in Arabia had informed, that the importer in Saudi intended to breed the animals. The Secretary of the Ministry Mr. K. N. Weerakody is also reported in The Island of 27th June 1983 to have said that the cows were for a breeding farm in Saudi Arabia and it is also reported more recently to have made the specious excuse that the area of grazing land in the Eastern Province Districts are reducing because of development and cattie breeders will have to sell excess stock of local butchers. All these statements are blatantly inaccurate. The fact is that uncultivable grazig land extents have been static for two decades in Batticolioa, and Trincomalee Districts from where the cows have been collected. In fact it is true of Amparai and Mullai tivu Districts too. on the other hand, new highland extents will be available for grazing development immediately outside the System B. irrigation C9 mend area. This new highland and irrigated fodder will amply compensate for the seasonal villu graz9 in the Polonnaruwa District which will cease to exist. The total cattle and buffaloes aSO displaced (mind you only seasonally), are according 9 the Acres international Ltd., Report, 45,000 head includding animals from the Batticoloa District. Om cattle population ratios for the Dry Zone worked bγ be silva, Earle (1969 Ministry of Planning). and Perera, Michael (1970, Department of Agriculture): the cow numbers would be 13,500. f a account is taken on thebanon cow slaughter introduce 1979 by an amendment to the Animals Act of 1958, and the ratio of cows in the population is increased to 47%, still the total number of COWS will be about 18,000. A recent survey by the Mahaweli Fo Agency places the cattle and buffalo population along the Viju Delta at 26,500 head, Therefore the Co.'' bers in this area will be even less, only about 799 head. Therefore both excuses of the Ministry of dwind ling grazing land and excess cows are totally incorrect. in fact in the report of animal husbandry deep, ment 1979—83 of the Ministry of Rural Industrial Development pages 26, 27 and 38 it is stated that the national headif cattle is dwindling at a rate of 2% a year and that the shotatge of breeding cows is the biggest constraint to increase milik production" The Island im reporting the Presidents order in the Edition of 21st July 1983 states that from May the delay to load the cows was due to non-availability. The shortage of breeding cows is obvious. . . . "" Tha "Tribune" will publish the concluding part of the - export's view in this column next week together with some of our comments 2 That there is no doubt that the export of cattle (really cows) is one of the greatest scandals this decade? That what is Worse is that it was done after objections had been raised in many quarters including the "Tribune"'
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 22, 1983

Page 31
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Dr. A. T. ARY ARATNE
Presented on the 50th Founder of the Sarvodaya
Contributions From
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and also from other loca,
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