Page 1
The picture on the cover is not an ex fish. There is very little anyone can do about plies several fold. But what we want to point not get even the fish we can. Too many of us in different directions, or not pulling at all, in everything, Minister of Finance, Ronnie de Me the July disturbances could lead to total dest bances have affected not only foreign aid but does this mean for our country ? This means reduction of revenue for our land..... The countries consider the settlement of the preser they are concerned about the preservation of in any society, in every country, but there is r benefit and betterment of each individually and resolved through discussion and dialogue, not
 
 
 
 

O LOUD MLK ?
NGUAL SM
EVIEW o EYE For AN EYE
O COW EXPORT
RS, 4.OO
cuse to pontificate on the soaring price of it until the production of inland fish multiout is that unless all pull together we will in this country have for too long been pulling matters political, economic, social - in fact in l, has warned the country that a repetition of ruction of the economy. ' The recent disturforeign investment and foreign tourism. What reduction of employment for our people and World Bank, the IMF and other aid giving it problem is Sri Lanka's internal affair. But law and order...." Differences are inherent no reason why all cannot pull together for the all collectively. Differences can and must be violence or the big stick or alien pressures.

Page 2
THE AND ACOU STON ACT.
ORDER UNDER SECTION 39A (1)
By virtue of the powers wested in me by Sub Section (1) of section 39A (inserted by Act No. 8 of 1979) of the Land Acquisition Act (Chapter 460), l, Lionel Gamini Dissanayake, Minister of Lands and Land Development, do by this Order divest with effect from 18th July, 1983 the land specified in the Schedule hereto, which has vested absolutely in the State by Order made under section 38 of the aforesaid Act and published in Gazette No. 119 of 18.12.80 the possession of which has been taken for or on behalf of the State under paragraph (a) of Section 40 of that Act.
Gamini Dissanayake
Minister of Lands and
Land Development
My No: 03/J8OLG281 G.A.'s No: EA/5/375
Colombo, 11th July 1983,
S C H E D UE
An allotment of land called Karandagaha Watta depicted is Lot 1 and morefully described in Plan No. 1154 dated 17.07.1979 prepared by Licensed Surveyor A. G. F. Perera in extent about 0A. OR. 01.68P situated in the village of Waulagoda in the D. R. O. division of Wellaboda Pattu (S) in Galle District and bounded as follows:-
Worth : Wau lagoda . Road,
East: Part of same land.
South; -do
West: Galle-Colombo Road.
 

The Land Acquisition Act (Cap. 460) As Amended by The Land Acquisition Amendment Act No. 28 of 964.
Notice Under Section 7
Aef Wo. LLIA.7490
it is intended to acquire the land described in the Schedule below. For further particulars, please See Gazette Extraordinary of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka No. 267/5 of 17. 1 O. 83
SC H E D U L E
Name of Land : : . Odhokkawedeniya
Situation . . : in the Villages of Kalawana amd Tapaswarakamda, Meda Pattuwa, Kalawana D.R.O's, Division, Ratnapura District,
Survey Reference : (1) Lot Nos. 500. 501 and 502 in Supplement No. 10 to F.V.P 244
(2) Lot Nos, 322 to 328 in Supplement No. 13 to F.V.P 248
Gananatha Abseygu nawardhana. Assistant Government Agent,
Ratnapura District.
Land Branch, The Kachcheri, Ratnapura 13, 10. 1983.

Page 3
TRIBUNE
A Journal of Ceylon and World Affairs
Founded in 1954 Every Saturday
Editor : S.P. Amaras ngam Wol., 28 No. 2
October 29, 1983
43, Dawson Street, Colombo 2.
Tel: 33172
LETTER FROM THE EDITOR 1
Milk-سسسس
EDITOR'S NOTEBOOK 2
-Language & The Communi
cation Gар.
DNOSAURS 5 —and Man
ESALA MOON 6 --Flee Wot
LETTERS 6 -Unity, Brain Drain FILM FOCUS 7
-The Greek Tycoon
SRI LANKA CHRONICLE 9
October 10-16
FOR THE RECORD 12 -Srimavo's interview FOREIGN SCENE 14
-Arms expenditure
Doubts about KALI Latin American Debt AGRICULTURAL DIG EST 1 6 -JEDB Plan
Graт Legитes Saft Bush RECONSTRUCTION 19 -Eye For an Eye, Weeramantry Sarvodaya Matale SPORTSCOPE 24 --Pakistan Cricket
Chronicle
CON FIDEN fALL Y 28 -Cow Export
sm
LETTER FR
LESS AND LES anka The count milk which fewer economic crisis d big talk about a p overwhelming (w in rural areas do n of the mik pow turned into Curd government Wok dairy farming goes be pertinent atthi between the EEC
| products im Egyp
The EEC Which
has a large and faster than COnSựl ducts-about 1.2
dolars. While this
countries like De markets can absc from India and E productivity is st times higher thar of the Surpluses a and agricultural European farms, powder is given
of it is to call it f it. Food aid, dist
almost never reac
local producers, volatile urban elit ducers and local general milk short and baby-food pr market for Weste| as complementar also convinced b is spreading fast become one of To reverse these duction, very dra to be limited and milk powder reta milk powder sale to livestock dev Crease the drain With higher pu cheap basic, pre fects increasing exasperating is t going down. F whilst the public being made by city of Colombo at all) on two

OM THE EDTOR
S LOUD MILK is now available to the public of Sri ry is now being thrown more and more on imported and fewer people will be able to afford as the current sepens. What is exasperating is that in spite of all the int of milk for every child, (leave alone the adults), the e mean the overwhelming) bulk of children especially ot get even one ounce of milk even once a Year. Most der distributed free by humanitarian organisations is to earn a little cash for the family kitty, it is time the ke up to the dan ger facing the country as Sri Lamkan is under the avalanche of imported milk powder. It would s stage to refer to a first class row that has now erupted and the USA over the sale of 2800 tonnes of US dairy t. For the Comon Market, the issue is a sensitive one. controls about half the world's dairy export market, growing "butter mountain' as dairy production rises mption. But the US too has a huge hoard of dairy probillion kgs. in weight, valued at more than three billion trade war goes on, EEC milk surpluses are piling up with mark and Holland producing several times what local rb. Fed with casava imported from Thailand, oil cake Bangladesh, ground nuts from Africa, western cattle's ill om the increase, while cost of production is thres World market prices. Manipulation and storage coste re imposing an unberable burden on the EEC taxpayerss subsidies increase daspalities between small and large strengthening the hold of the big agribusiness. Milk to cattle, but the cheapest and easiest way to get rid ood aid and convince Third World countries to accept ributed free or, more often, at a price by corrupted elites hing the poor, disrupts local production and discourages Imports assure cheap and continuous supply to the es, allowing the government to abandom the milik prolivestock Neglected. local cows produce less and a age develops. The way is free then for commercial imports omotion, as the country has become dependent, a new' in exports. People are used to give milk to their babies y food, but have now to turn to tinned milk powder, / doctors and continuous advertisements. Bottle-feeding in Third World Countries, and baby-food has now he 'essentials" of the urban middle and upper class. trends and to avoid total destruction of local milk prostic changes are urgently needed. Milk imports have marketing limited to large towns; competition between illers and milk producers should nowhere he allowed; s could be taxed and resources thus generated allocated alopment, Rather than subsidising projects that inc2n meagre rural resources for the benefit of urban elites chasing power, government resources should go to sentive and curative, health care for cattle, and to procattle-feed availability, a very central factor. What is hat the production of milk in Sri Lanka has been steadly or som“ ime now this fact is known in informed cirles . is fooled with propaganda about the vast strides, the dariy and livestock industry. Even in the capital pastuerised liquid milk is either short (or not availah' or three days every week.

Page 4
EDTOR'S NOTEBOOK
language and the Communication Gap
ONE OUESTION that is agitating many people is the possible role of English in the Sri Lanka of today and tomorrow. This has become, to use a cliche, one of the burning topics of the day. While there appears to be universal consensus that English should have a wider and more important place in the educational system, fears have understandably been expressed that English should not be restored to the place it had occupied in the colonial era. Such a step, it is felt, will detract from the importance that has rightly been placed on the mother tongue. Nobody in his senses would wamt to dethrome Simhala as the official language or Tamil as a national language. But experience has shown that ever since 1947 When English was confined to a dwindling educairnal stream and after 1956 when it was cast aside as a dangerous hangover of imperialism, it is the body politic of this country and its socio-cultural fabric that has suffered. What al/ same-minded persons want is a trilingual approach with English as a world language and not as a link language. Many, very correctly, feel that English should not be regarded as a link language But that the sink should be established with bilingualism by teaching Sinhala to non-Sinhala children and Tamil to Sinhala children.
in this connection our attention has been drawn to a special letter addressed to President J. R. JayaWardone by Mr. M. A. Udumalebbe, President of the Ka'munai District Branch of the All Ceylon Islamic Teacher's Union, in which he has made an impassioned plea for the restoration of the earlier move to teach Sinhala to non-Sinhala children and Tami to Sinhala children in order that at least the future gemarations of the country could live in peace and harmony without quarrelling over one another's language. Mr. Udumalebbe had fu ther Sated that an all-out effort to teach the two languages to every Schoolgoing child was one of the Surest ways of laying a firm foundation for communal amity in the land. The letter noted with much regret that it was to the country's misfortune that the Link Language Course started in 19791 at two Training Colleges om direct orders of the President to train teachers to teach the Link Language in Tamil, Sinhala and Muslim schools was scrapped in 1981 for some mysterious reasons. And the letter further pointed out that during the short period it was in operation thousands of children throughout the island stated studying the Link Language with much interest and with no thoughts of racial, religious or language Supremacy. Had that scheme been successfully carried out the communication gap that now exists batW2en two important communities in the island could have
2

been bridged to a very great extent. The Link Language teachers would have played the role of 'Ambassadors of goodwill" and played a major role in luring away the younger generation from harbouring thoughts
of hatred or ill-will towards members belonging to the other communities.
Mr. Udumalebbe also said that the present rapport between the Muslims and the Simhalese om the one hand and the Muslims and the Tamils on the other hand. could well be a tributed to the fact that the Muslim community does not shum leaming Sinhala or Tamil. It is this power of their articulation in more than two languages which keep them in good stead to put across their point of view to members of the other communities and convince them of their needs and aspirations. The letter then stated that an era of Complete inter-communal harmony which im turn could lead to lasting peace in Sri Lanka could only be launched by making the study of Link Language compulsory in all the state and private schools at least from January 1984. "After all a language is just a tool for communication and mot am end im itself. When the communication gap between two com - munities is bridged all their other problems pale into significance'. This letter from Kalmunai has, however, not touchad on the question of English at all.
DOUGLAS WALATARA, one of our eminent educationals in this country in an interesting article in the Daily Wews pointed out, 'English, the great leveller' by Clare Seneviratne in your paper of September 27 advocates the return to English as the medium of instruction in as many schools in the island as possible", and she thinks that if there is a link language for students of all nationalities there could be a greater sense of national unity. Some have bæen thinking om these lines for some time and apparently Mrs. Goolbhai Goonesekera's article which she refers to advocates a similar position. But a return to English as a medium of instruction, even only in certain schools, is not going to provide levelling rather than division. Some are going to do very well. Some are going to have a little of English and others possibly nothing at all. Thus English can become once again the great divider A return to a previous position which we have given up for good educational reasons is mot always advisable. Thare are always new educational strategies possible for providing compensation for what has baan lost. it is not necessary to keep on repeating the old. It is possible to make othar adjustmants and these possibilities are not beyond human ingenuity. So it is worth while considering an alternative to the return to tha English madium, namyly, a bilingual education program in tha schools in the island."
He seems to have in mind English as the "bilingual." (i.e., the second language) mot Tamil or Simhala
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983

Page 5
as the case may be. He then went on to summarise
Some recent thinking on bilingual education. The.
term' bilingual education' has diverse interpretations
No two bilingual situations are said to be alike.
There are many dimensions along which bilingual education can differ. It demands "a great deal on
languages that are in contact, om the educational
history of the country, the policial and social environ
ment, the aims, curriculum, teaching methods and So on". These matters were dealt with in seminar on the subject of billingual education in 1980. Some applied the term "bilingual education' to a switchover from the home language to a school language even though in the schools it is only one language that is thought and used as a medium. Another application is to the use of two or more languages as media of instruction. It is this latter notion that we should try to explore by starting pilot programs in Selected Schools to see the practicability of such an approach to the problem of education in a plural society."
He then discussed various ways in which a bilingual programme in our schools could be implemented. He cited various experiments tried out in Wales as well as in Ireland and said that: "The report is a record of the success of the whole program and it may do well for our educational planners to study it and to initiate a programme adapted to our needs in Sri Lanka rather , than to think of a return to English as medium of instruction in a few schools. A return may be extemely unwise. It could produce a new elitism." Refering to the Welsh programme he said "In the Welsh project the bilingual program begins early. It stats at age 5 and continues right to the top of the Junior School, that is to 11. lhe Second language is introduced very gradually in the early weeks until the children have grown accustomed to it. When they have become familiar with the new medium it is felt that half the School time should be devoted to activities during which it is possible to use the second language and half to education in the medium of the mother tongue. This need not be followed in exactly the same way in Sri Lanka, partly because of the acute shortage of those who can teach in the English medium. But certain subjects in the higher classes could be taught in the English medium, especially subjects recuring in the university, and the bilingual program should be reinforced by a good, concurrent English teaching program.
'On these lines it will help to bring all the children together in Some schools at least, for half the day and many of the schools will be able to use English not only as a linguistic study but as a means of obtaining worthwhile educational experiences. In the past We used to use the English language when it was a medium to provide a certain amount of humanities education, values, attitudes, evaluations. That had to be given up with the use of the mother tongue
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983

as a medium of instruction and all this work has been taken over by the mother tongue. If we use the bilingual system of education. it would be possible to return to some kind of 'humanizing role for English once again'.
Explaining various aspects of bilingualism Wala
tara stated: "The seminar om hiiingualism introduced two concepts of bilingualism which might be relevant to us. One is the concept of 'additive bilingualism', which is a bilingual context in which both the mother tongue and the language which is taught a new have the same status. Therefore, the pupils are mot called on to give up their own language but rather to add on a new language. They are taught through what is called the immersion method or through the maintenance method. Somebody who is unlingual and who has one Cultural beckground is introduced to a second cultural background and to a second language. The immersion method and the maintenance method give the second language and the home language equal exposure time in schools. In the case of 'subtractived bilingualism' the context is one in which the mother tongue or the home langzage from which the child switches on to a new language in school is inferior and likely to be swamped by the foreign language. That situation did exist in Sri Lanka earlier when English was the medium of instruction. But it is no longer there. Therefore there should be no fear of bitinguaslism in any way preventing or stalling the growth of the mother tongue. This approach, however, could reduca the privilege that some students whose parents are English speaking or competent in English have."
He concluded his article by saying: 'It is not necessary to just repeat the Welsh experiment here. It should be possible for the planners of education in this country. to the Curriculum Development Unit and the Ministry to work out a viable bilingual educational program aş a pilot project. The fear that English will swamp Sinhala or affect general education of intelligence is unfounded. No doubt there are many other experiments with bilingaul education and perhaps it may be good for our universities and the Ministry to try to find out more about the possibilities of billingual education by considering the Canadian or Singaporean practice. In 1984 the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, is to host a conference on bilingual education at which, let us hope, our Ministry of Education will be represented.
It is no doubt a good thing to known how things are done in Canada, Singapore or Wales But it will be foolish to wait until our pundits satisfy themselves as how best it can be done. A simple and straightforward method of teaching the second language (Sinhala or Tamil) and the world (English) language can
3

Page 6
be started in our schools. It can be improved on as we go. along-with the help and advice of educational experts and other pundits. The initial constraint however will be teachers and the first priority should be to train teachers who can implement a trilingual progranne.
Punditry to prevent an English-educated elite emerging once again in Sri Lanka is an exercise for intellectuals who chase shadows. An elite always emerges in any society. The kind of elite the three-stream educational system, which began in 1947, has thrown up, has brought no credit to this country. What we want is a new elite familiar with both the Swabasha languages of the country and a World language.
While Walatara looks at the matter from the viewpoint of an educationist deeply concerned about preventing the emergence of an English Speaking elite, The Island in its editorial om Sunday October 9, gave expression to the same fears from a totally different angle. In an aditorial entitled 'English As The Magic Wand', it said: 'The tragically saddening happenings of July seem to have evoked a desperate nostalgia among some sections of the community for the English language which it has been contended had provided a link between the Sinhalese and the Tamils in that bygone golden age when it was the only medium of instruction in schools. From here it is but a short step to making out a case for the restoration of English to its former position in the educational System and to and behold the 'ethnic crisis' as it is now ritualistically describ3d would vanish. How valid is this thesis of English as the magic wand which is itself a theory being hawked by a class and a generation which had been reared om English at a time when the country's national languages were treated with contempt by the arrogant English elite and their docile torch-bearers among the Sri Lankans themselves? Can an alien language act as a unifying force and bring about a resolution to a problem which is deeply socio-economic political in character?'
While it is true that neither bilingualism nor a world language can by themselves resolve the communal tangle in Sri Lanka-as it stems from an unholy mixture of political, cultural and economic causes, the minimisation or elimination of the communication gap between the communities will help to establish a climate or atmosphere for finding a solution for all connected problems.
But The Island is on a different wavelength. It harks -back to the theme which is the pet hobby horse of those who attribute all our ills and those of the
4.

Third World to 'cultural imperialism'. After referring to the impact of British, French, Portuguese, Dutch amd other imperialisms om the propte they had com - quiered and ruled, the editorial went om to say : '... . . . If such a suppressed people are to truly regain their lost Sou's they have to express themselves in their own national language and discover themselves through the process of forging their own identity as district from the dependency complex imposed o them by white rule... ' And it then iwemt om to examine a questiom that is mo doubt troubling many people: "This was the process which Sri Lanka winessed in 1956 with the MEP's electoral victory which brought about the dethronment of Eng"ish which is being currently lamented. For the last few weeks both in these columns and elsewhere in this paper wa have been trying to come to grips with the question as to why the forces of nationalism released in 1956 should have assumed the grotes quely distorted form of a narrow chauvinism. It is a question to which we have no final answer and we recommend it to the country's intelligentsia as an issue worthy of exploration. But this need no detain us at this point from discussing the question of English. it cannot surely be contended by even the most devoutly Anglo-Saxon inclined that the nation's children should continue to be educated im a foreign language in a country which mever hesi* tates to brag about its independence."
Though what it said is a little umclear, The Ísland seems to assume that what is intended it so make English the medium of instruction again. But it went on to correctly point out: '.... The root of the problem was not that Sinhala and Tamil Were emthromed as media of instruction im Schools but that these remained mutuały exclusive. How mamy Sinhala people in this country where there is no derth of pilgrims before the temples of learning imparting the knowledge of such exotic tongues as French and Garman have troubled to learn Tamil The Tamils on the other hand have been compelled to learm at least a rudimentary Sinhala for utilitarian purposes but again can we say that this has led to any under-standing of the complexity and beauty of Sinhala culture and the arts among the Tamil people? in such a context it would be absurdly naive for the remnants of the old anglicised elite to argue for a return to English for ma'ke no mistake about it, if this happens it can omly end in the Cultural vulgarisation of both Sinhala and Tamil people. . . . .
The Island is quite correct in saying that a return to English will mot solve the present commu mal problems, and preaches a homily nobody can quarrel with. Tnis is what it said : “It is om't the very myopic among us who will fail to see that he genesis of the current problem is economic and social. It is true that there is a considerable cultural divide between the Sinhala and Tamil people which is the result
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 29 1983

Page 7
f both communities evolving mutually exclusive and even hostile identities due perhaps to the late cultural afflorecence of Sri Lankan society, But this divide cannot be bridged by slinging the Oueen's Erglish as a bridge across the troubled waters. Even during those halcyon days om which the elite look back with mawkish nostalgia, English served to bring together only the upper echelons of the social order. It did not touch the larger masses who continued to be educated in either Sim ha'a or Tamil who did mot greatly bother about these thirgs as long as life was not difficult for them. It is the later Social and political upheavals which were themselves the outgrowths of the unequal development of Society which has made the national question what it is today. The answer has necessarily to be political. We ourselves are an English newspaper and proud of it but we are realistic enough to recognise that English can never bring the two people together. That can only be accomplished on the basis of a healthy respect for each other's way of life which the education System should foster-late as it is.'
True enough, but the question is how best can the two communities acquire 'a healthy respect for each other's way of life which the education system should foster as it is'. The answer provided by many pragmatic persons interested in communal harmony and national unity is to make gll children and adults learn the second sanguage (Sinhala or Tamil) and also a World language English. Apart from anything 6g/se, English will/ opem a vivindow on world knowledge and this will he/p people to better understand the intricacies of the problems facing this country (in the light and context of development in the world outside) and thereafter to initiate a process of solving then. The suggestion that common script-Roman, preferably-will no doubt help in this urgent need which needs time, patience and effort to accomplish. This cannot be done in weeks or months. it will take years, and the sooner a start is made the bettr.
Nobody wants a return to sahibry-white or brown. But everyting must be done to prevent a recurrence of the kind of communal carnage the country has recently witnessed:
X х х DiNOSAURS
Will Man Suffer the Same Fate 2
AFTER THE WEEK OF ANTI-WAR PROTEST DEMONSTRATIONS that ended last Monday, it is clear that people in Western Europe are deeply Concerned about the outcome of any possible
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983

nuclear conflagaration. They fear that such a conflict between the two super powers will in the first instance completely devastate the countries of Western Europe immediately, while the United States and the Soviet Union have vast open space for a little mamoeuvrimg, But radioactive fallout is not likely to spare any part of the world. Many fear that an exchange of nuclear missiles between the two super pcwers will mark the beginning of the end of the human species on this earth. There are some who wishfully hope that such a fate will not overtake the human race, and that species known as home sapiens will not end” om the cosmic dust heap.
in this connection, attention must be drawn to an article in the science section of the magazine Time (17/10/83), about the species known as Dinosaurs. According to the recognized authority on this subject, Edwin Colbert, there is no truth in the widespread notion that dinosaurs were lumbering dimwits too big and too clumsy to cope with their environment." 'A canard', said Colbert, 'Dinosaurs were not failures. They dominated the planet for 135 million years. By contrast man is only a few million years old and doubt it will be around as long as the dinosaurs'.
Contrary to the public image of dinosaurs, said Colbert, the dinosaurs were well adapted creatures. The inhabited every corner of the world and ranged in bulk from the chicken size Compsognathus to the 100-ton Brachiosaurs the largest creature that ever trod the earth. Cobart then referred briefly to various sub-species that emerged from the main Dinosaur species in the battle for survival in the environment of what the geologists call the Triassic Period when tropical and sub-tropical forests covered most of the land om the planet. And he went on to Say, . . . . thanks to such biological cunnine within only a few million years, the dinosaurs became the overlords of their anti-dilutian domain.
After mentioning a few controversies and disputes among scientists about various aspects about the life of these creatures, Dr. Colbert went on to the debate which has centred on the creature's demise which took place 65 million years ago. 'Numerous explanations have been offered for the mysterious extinction: radiation from an exploding star, a reversa of the earth's magnetic field, a global epidemic, even the destruction of eggs by small mammals. Colbert, skepitcal of all the theories, is expecially critical of the latest and most popular explanation: the earth struck by a giant asteroid kicked up a huge volume of dust, reducing sunlight and killing off the plants that dinosaurs ate. Colbet points out that new finds in Montana show that the animals were dying well before the asteroid hit. Says he, "We probably shall never know why these fabulous reptiles, so long the masters of the continents, should have disappeared completely from the earth'.
5.

Page 8
Will some creatures in the Aost-nuclear age on earth have a similar postmortem debate on how man of the species "homo sapiens' became extinct 2
- ALPHIA
其
FLEE NOT
Esala Moon
EARLY in the morning of July 26 we were jolted out of our sleep by the flames leaping up behind our office in Kotahene. As dawn broke we could see an ashen Esala Moon (Poya was only two days before) crucified on the cross standing a top the Kotahena Christian Young Men's Association hostel which had been burnt that night.
THAT will remain my most poignant symbol of the collapse of humanity which gripped this land during those days of senseless carnage.
—Ajith Samaranayake The Island (4th Oct)
THE CROSS
How long ago. . . . Self-righteous men nailed The Man who trod Love's path
–and so redeem man, On my frail frame. That agony and anguish
my inanimate being to has borne. 1nd many, many too since...
And again man's cruelty to man. There they run-and hound Murder in their eyes fatred swelling in their bodies..... The fugistives flee Are killed, burnt, raped. . . .
Oh Godf is there no way to halt this crime 7 They know what they do? They inow not what they do ? Here I'll collapse My wooden image asunder on the debris. This agony I cannot bear.
THE ESALA MOON
Has man become beast ?
- Wo, insult not the beast
st preys not on its kind. . . . Only two nights ago

Piety overflowed this land The pealing temple bells' echo Mingling with the devout's Sadhu Sadhu Sadhul All in obseisance bowed. You feel the fragrance Of those floral 'omages wafting in the air
Stil/ unextinguished ?
Ah, I recollect,
One such night Bathed in my soothing light Tha Compassionate One under the Aodhi sit... Resplendent Man's salvation was at hand. . .
Are they only old, fond ոen ri eS ? , Oh, my Lord Their trespasses forgive.
l, the Esala Moon, This land would've abandoned and fled. . . Aut compassion still lingers ln some men's hearts. Therefore take heart, thare's hope, Ev'rything is not nasty, brutish and ville.
A. A. L.
LETTERS National Unity Sir
Despite unprecedented damage and disruption caused by the recent communal conflict there appears tobe much complacency in taking steps to prevent such occurences in future and find a permanent solution. What is needed is total comitmen to national unity by the government and people reflected in positive action. Counter propoganda and even build up of armed forces is inadequate and reflects a negative approach to the problem. The following measures can be recomended to avoid another blood bath whuch seems imminent in the absence of greater vigilence. W
(1) Introduce Severe penalitise against separatist movements and those who campaign against or attack minorities. Ensure such penalities are rigidly enforced. It should first apply o TULF leaders making inflammatory statements in foreign countries.
(2) intensify intelligence operations within and outside the country and arrange with governments of India, UK and USA for extradition of leading trouble makers to stand trial in Sri Lanka. Utilise the services of
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 29 1983

Page 9
NTERPOL, FB & SCOTLAND YARD to track down separatist movements and their leaders abroad.
(3) Actively encourage individuals and associations promoting national unity by generous government grants and rewards. propose a minimum grant of Rs. 10,000 for every marriage between Sinhalese and Tamils after July 83 provided bona-fides of such parties can be established. Also preferential treatment should be given to such people in employment and housing.
(4) Obtain participation of associations like the Sarvodaya movement in formulating a solution for grievances of minorities as well as the majority community.
(5) Encourage wider distribution of public and private investment throughout the country and not only in the western provinces as it done at present.
(6) Restoration of English as a state language and preference given in employment for those proficient in Sinhala and Tamil.
(7) Proportional representation of minorities. in the government. In the absence of TULF or other Tamil politicians in Parliament make provision for prominent personalities to function as appointed members in government, who can also serve as a bridge between the two communities.
It is unlikely that introduction of Tamils as an official language will have an appreciable impact on the problem. What is needed is a greater degree of Cooperation and confidence between commitment at political, economic and social levels, for which purpose greater participation of private organisations and groups can be solicited.
PATRIOT Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 19.10.83.
Why Brain Drain 2
Sir,
The Sri Lanka brain-drain has been rightly deplored by all. Those who should remain the country to contribute their share to national development left the island for greener pastures, higher remuneration and perhaps a better future for their children. These
TRIBNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983

people too were the beneficiaries of the free education scheme from the Kindergarten to the University. And some of them had availed themselves of bank loans for their University education. Incidentally millions of rupees paid out as student loans have not been recovered from those who had graduated and this revolving fund has ceased to revolve.
The brain drain did flow out (like Tennyson's book) despite the indigrant protests of those pseudopatriots, many of whom did not get the opportunity or did have the qualifications to venture out. After the July disturbances what was once a trickle has become a flood. Scientists, architects, varsity dons, teachers and journalists have started leaving the land of their birth. These hapless people are not in quest of the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. They are in quest of something more enduring than those which will give meaning and purpose to those freedoms that are enshrined in Constitutions-they are earnestly in quest of FREEDOM FROM FEAR.
Those who vehe,ently condemned the brain drain are looking on at this new phenomenon. Who can give an assurance to those people who are leaving the country and whose knowledge and experience is So necessary for the develop ent effort that FREEDOM FROM FEAR, without which democracy will be meaningless, is guaranteed in every part of the country. Till then let's look om at this dismal exodus. And then it will be too late.
Ananda Colombo,
15.10.83.
X :
FILM FOCUS
The Greek Tycoon
This column presents to you, two biographies, e real one and the other bearing a stamp of film fiction. However the similarities in both are inescapable, particularly in the latter one, which has been reduced to celluloid with a tongue in the cheek precision, to avoid legal tangles, but yet pointing its finger at the truly life one, and running parallel to it most of the way. The personality who dabbled in millions after reaching the very top in a log cabin to White House rendevouz, Aristotle Onassis is the tycoon around whose fabulous life style, the relative bicgraphies have been spun to connect both, by only a thin edge. for audience appreciation. Aristotle Socrates Onassis who amassed a multi million dollar fortune was a Greek , Argentinian businessman, His wealth was amassed stealtihily and slowly in shipping and other
7.

Page 10
enterprises that pitched him on to a very lavish style of living. He was born in Smyrna, Turkey in 1906, the son of a Greek, tobacco merchant. In 1922, during the Anatolian War, between Greece and Turkey, the family fled frcm Smyrna to Greece. At the age of 17, he was sent to Argentina to recoup the family fortune. He arrived in Buenos Aires with only 60 dollars. Working nights as a switchboard operator' he launched a tobacco importirg business, and then expanded into grains, hides and whale oil. By by the time he was 25, he was a millionnaire. During the depression of the early 1930s, Onassis went into the shipping business, buying up freighters and later tankers. During World War II, he reaped enormous profits in shipping. In time he acquired one of the world's largest merchant fleets and an airline, the Olympic Airways. Onassis was publicised for his princely entertainment of the inte: national jet set at his several residences and on his yacht 'Christina'. His marriage to Athina Livanos ended in divorce in 1960. In 1968, in a ceremony om his private island of Skorpios off the coast of Greece, he married Jacqueline Kennedy widow of U. S. President John F. Kennedy. He died in France im 1975.
Stephen Birmingham, the author who went deeper into this March-September wedding between Onassis and Jacqueline in a best seller says 'TheirSwas not. always the most serene of marriages. It was not that Jackie and Ari did not get along with one another They did for the most part, particularly when they were close together om he private Skorpios island. But the trouble was that they were so seldom alone. Onassis was always surrounded by at least a dozen Swarthy, tense and fast thinking men, and it wss this omnipotent retimue, that Jackie found most distracting and irksome. This stress in creased and after a few storms an inevitable separation folloWed. Of Onassis, Jackie said at the news of his death: 'He resued me at a moment when my life was enguiged with shadows. He meant a lot to me. He brought me into a world, where one could find both happiness and love. We lived through mamy beautiful experiences together which cannot be forgotten, and for which
will be eternally grateful'.
THE FILM. In this very relevant production to the above facts, it is Theo Thomassis (Antony Ouinn) and Lee Cassidy (Jacqueline Bisset) who are the Tycoon and his young widowed wife respectively. In the opening sequences, one gets visually into the swirl and the affluence of Theo, who loved his life to the midst wine. women and Song aboard his beautifully illuminated and luxurious Yacht, where life dawned at Sunset and went on to the wee hours. Many celebrites wined and dined daily to see the nights out. In between of course, Theo was busy om his carefully calculated business coups
8

that were gathering the millions. The Greek charact teristic in him always surfaced in a crisis, and even his lustful longings and deals with his kith and kin were pushed aside, to keep his home fires aflame, He parts from his wife with emotion and reluctance, his brother on very exclusive business deals and even his only som, When the latter dared to question his public and private properties, which were feeding the world's press headlines. The tragic death of this son however had him doubled up unashamedly on the base floor and found the demise very hard to take, an evant that really broke him and his empire to piec. S. His love for Lee Cassidy, the assassinated US president's wife, and the courting period towards the altar gently but surely formed the piece de resistance of the film. It reminded one of two different worlds on a collision course to savour the dissasters that was to follow. The millions in this marriage of a convenience of sorts, swept the spotlight from one to the other till it had to flicker and fade out.
Vetern actor Anthony Ouinn, who has many admirers im Sri Lanka is at his brilliant best im this film, while by a curious concidence Jacqueline roled his pretty wife with a close resemblance to the more famous and widowed Jacqueline of the White House, while the camera took it all in spleidour, the reputed J. Lee Thompson handled the Direction with a finesse and a care, so as not to tread on anyone's toes, and face a legal dilemma. A delectable film by all standards, it is a must for adult film fans, for more reasons than one for the true to life Sequences remain all too contemporary to the very end.
CLASH OF THE TITANS (English): This production, directed by Desmond Davis yet another Metro Goldwyn Mayer epic that delves deeply into Greek Mythology as in typical Hindu style, with elements of a rare brand of escaspism. It is proving a draw at the Box Office, with picturegoers perhaps gasping for fresh air, from the Suffocating fumes of 'Black July'. The film carries one to Mount Olympus, where the Gods of ancient Greece, lived on ambrosia and nectar and were nevertheless worshipped by mere mortals, who built temples to honour them. A spectacular film that took two years to produce, the camera and crew crossed four countries for the visual effects of a very high order. To many of an earlier generation who were fascinated by these classics and myths of yore and to their prcgény who might find it all 'Greek' even in famtasy, the visuals of tis film will combine their interest, focussed om the benevolence-vengeful, contrary and bowdy- the power hungry, and egoistically selfish, degenerating qualities.
JAMES W. BENEDICT TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983

Page 11
SRI LAN KA CHRONİCLE
October 10 - 6
DIARY OF EWENTS IN SR ANKA COMPLED FROM DALY NEWS
PAPERS PUBLISHED N COLOMBO dN-Daily News, CDM-Daily Mirror; EO-Evening Observer; ST-Sunday Times; 'SO-Sunday Observer DM—-Dinamina; LD —Llankadipa ; VK——Virakesari; ATH-Aththa; SM-Silumina ; SLDP- Sri Lankadipa JG-Jnadina; SU-Sun, DV-Davasa, DP-Dinapathi; CM-Chinthamani; WK-Weekend; RV-Riviresa
DK-Dinakara EN-Eelanadu S-Island: D-Divaina;
tDPR-Information Dept. Press Release.
MONDAY, OCTOBER 10: The Bar Council of Sri Lanka, at a meeting held in the Colombo Law Library on Saturday, unanimously decided not to press its earlier demands for an official inquiry into who was responsible for the demonstrations held outside the houses of three Supreme Court Judges on June 12. Air Lanka, which is actively involved in the incentive and convention business, has been nominated official carrier for five major conventions scheduled to be held in Colombo, an airline spokeSman said. France regards its controversial delivery to Iraq of new Jet fighters as a deterrence factor that could persuade Iran to end the three year old Gulf War through negotiations, political commentators said. A section of Britain's popular press yesterday joined a Conservative Member of Parliament in calling for the resignation of Trade and industry Secretary Cecil Parkinson, a married man who has acknowledged he is the father of the out-ofwedlock child his secretary is expecting-DN. A secret plot for a joint attack on the police by ten Eelam organisations has been uncovered; accordirig to information received by senior police officers in the north, the terrorist suspects who fled from the Batticoloa orison are also connected with this plot, which is said to have been planned under the leadership of Prabhakaran-CDM. Operation 'Alert Colombo' will get underway at 6 a.m. today, when the metropolitan police force will come out in full strength backed by the armed services and voluntary vigilance committees to test their muscle in a mock Security operation. Eelam is not just a wild dream bit a good money-spinning commercial gimmick; the latest to hit the streets in Western Europe are colourful stickers and transfers. The new housing policy spelt out by the government contains stringent measures against landlords who build houses on housi,g loans and give them out at excessive rent. Dharmalingam Jagathesan, a youth arrested and detailed under the Prevention of Terrorist Act, is to be released today by the prison authorities in Batticoloa. The Ministry of Textie industies has received more than 20 proposals from private gatment manufacturers for joint vertu.es with foreign collaborators-SU. The Negombo District Catholic Laity
TRIBuNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983

Council at its last meeting passed a resolution requesting Catholics in the North to help their young people to give up all ideas of separatism and terrorism and to choose more humane and Christian means of obtaining their rights. The CD is on the trail of a new terrorist organisation known as the 'Red Guerilla' group which has emerged in the Eastern Province recently-/S.
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 11 . The SLFP headquarters at T. B. Jayah Mawatha has been temporarily shifted to party lèader Sirima Bandaranaike's Rosmead Place home from yesterday; eight clerks working at the T. B. Jayah Mawatha headquarters found themselves locked out of office; they believe this to be an act of revenge. Asian governments axpressed shock and sympathy over an explosion in Burma which killed four South Korean Cabinet Ministers traveling with their visiting President Chun Doo Hwan. President Ferdinand Marcos has Warned Philippines Prime Minister Virata against making controversial political statements, official sources Said yesterday-DN. The co-ordinating Committee for Displaced persons in Jaffna and the Plantation rade Unions representing displaced plantation workers have requested the Commissioner General of Essential Services, Mr Bradman Weerakoon, that, the foreign aid received from India amounting to Rs 20 million be utilised for financial grants to all displaced persons regardless whether they be in welfare centres or not-CDM. The National Securitity Council yesterday initiated fresh inquiries to ascertain whether a North Korean cargo vessel which was in the Colombo Port last week was in any way linked to Sunday's explosion in Rangoon which killed four ministers and 15 others in South Korean President Chun Doo Hwan's entourage on an Asian tour A document allegedly Sent through a messenger by a top ranking northern politician's Son who is presently in India to a varsity youth orgamisation in Jaffna, has been seized by the Security forces-SU. The Indian view is that the leaders of the l'ULF, the Ceylon Workers Congress and other organisations representing the Tamils in Sri Lanka should arrive at some understanding and work out a joint strategy for negotiat.ng a settlement with the Jayewardene government, according to a report of The Hindu published in Madras om Sunday. The North Korean vessel Tong Gon which was kept under close surveillance by the Police left Sri Lanka's territorial waters around mid-day yesterday-S. Political prisones now in the Batticoloa prison may be transferred to Some other place; necessary arrangements in this conncetion are being made by the Prison authorities and the Defence Forces-WK.
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 12: Forty two political detenus who we e among the 212 prisoners who escaped from the Batticoloa prison in a daring jailbleak on September 23 are now in Tamil Nadu, according to PLOTE (People's Liberation Organi
9

Page 12
sation of Tamil Eelam) sources in Madras said. The government is seriously concerned about the illegal occupation of lands in the Batticoloa district, due to receive irrigation facilities under the Mahaweli project in about two years. South Koreans held rallies at their work places and campuses denouncing communist North Korea as responsible for a bomb blast in Rangoon on Sunday which killed 19 people including four South Korean cabinet ministers-CDN. A massive total of Rs. 111,196,098 is indicated as arrears of revenue in local authorities up to December 31, 1980 in the Auditor General's Report for 1980 'released yesterday; in the seven Municipal Councils the amount of arrears was Rs. 40,395,262; Urban Councils accounted for Rs. 25,048,132; Town Councils Rs. 18,517,713 and Village Councils Rs. 27,234,991-CDM. Opposition Leader and TULF General Secretary A. Aminthalingam said om Saturday that it would not be difficult for the Sri Lanka government and the TULF to discuss and work out a Solution to the Tamil problem, Cyril Mathew, Minister of industries and Scientific Affairs, is to sue the BBC and Indian media for damages following reports of his alleged involvement in the July ethnic violence -SU. Former TULF MP for Vavuniya, Mr. T. SivaSithamparam has fled to South India in a "country boat' and has claimed that he was compelled to flee because of the 'harassment by the armed forces" in Sri Lanka. Over 150,000 gallons of water go Waste daily owing to a leak at the Moratuwa pumping station of the Water Supply and Drainage Board while the Board preaches to the public of Consumer wastage of water. Some employees of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party who demonstrated outside the party headquarters at T. B. Jayah Mawatha Om Vonday were yesterday demonstrating at Rosmead Place outside the complex of residences of the SLFP leader Mrs. Sirima Bandaranaike, Mr. and Mrs. Vijaya Kumaranatunge and Mr. Anura Bandaranaike. In what seemed to be a move to persuade all owners of radio and TV sets to obtain their licences, the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation announced yesterday that beginning from next Year a household could own any number of radio or TV sets under one radio or TV licence-lS. The Ceylon Workers Congress will demand the Tamil Nadu government to restore the shipping Service between Tuticorin and Colombo; the CWC has already made sech a demand to the lindiam High -Commissioner in Sri Lanka-DP. ܟ
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 13: The Cabinet yesterday texpanded the powers of district ministers. amended the scope of district development councils and pro
vided them with more funds to enable them to function more effectively. Customs officers attached to the General Post Office have detected an attempt to smuggle out Sri Lankan passports to France, West Germany, Switzerland and Canada by registered post. Twenty battalions of Indian police moved
O

to Punjab last night amid press reports that neighsbouring Paskistan has beem arming Sikh extremists who are demanding autonomy. The South Korean government has asked to met a Korean captured by police in Rangoon after Sunday's bombing in which four key South Korean Ministers and 15
other prople were killed officials Said yesterdayPW. Prime Minister Mr. R. Premadasa im his capacity of Minister of Local 'Government has reCommended to the government certain amendments to the local government election laws to deal with Special situations that have arisen especially with regard to loçal authorities im the Northern and Eastern provincesCDM. Foreign employment agencies have been advised to ensure that a Labour Department official is present when conducting interviews for overseas jobs. The Sri Lanka Freedom Party will respond to a call by President J. R. Jayewardene, for an all party conference to receive outstanding Tamil problems and other northern issues. The Saudi Arabian government is to set up a Consulate im Colombo shortly. The Ministry of Finance under pressure from the IMF may seek government approval to enforce a twenty percent cut om capital expenditure requirements of a ministries (except the Ministry of Mahaweli Development) for 1984.SU. The President of the DMK Mr. M. Karunanidhi announced in Madras recently that the 15 million-signature petition from Tamil Nadu would be handed over to the UN Secretary Gemera Javier Perez de Cuellar on the 13th. Hundreds of people Seeking lapraScopy and vasectomy operations daily at the Family Health Buteau at de Saram Place, Colombo are turned away as it cannot cope with more than 50 people per day The Cabinet yesterday approved a proposal of the Minister of Lands, Land Development Mr. Gamini Dissanayake, to impose a permament bam om the export of cattle, and goats. This arose from the export of 1000 head of cows on a licence from the Ministry of Rural industrial Development to the Gulf-IS.
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 14. The SLFP plans to raise the question of Mrs. Bandaranaike's civic rights and the recognition of the party im Parliament at the mational harmony meeting to which it has been invited by President Jayewardeme, party sources said Yesterday. Sri Lanka has become the largest tea exporter to Middle-East, Persian Gulf and North African countries. China accounced that the fourth round of IndoChina official talks om boundary question and bilateral matters begining in Delhi on October 25, would also include an exchange of views on international issues. Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's Conservative Party airs right-wing demands that black immigrants be kept out of Britain today and also hears the Cabinet Minister at the contre of a Se X Scandal-D/V. Mystery surroun's the proposed TULF General Council meeting to be held in Jafna next Sunday as ten of its sixteen MPs are im India just now and their chances of returning before Sunday
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 29 1983.

Page 13
is not all expected. The Hotel industry in Sri Lanka will have to give up their high hopes of getting itself from the Government on heavy taxes and other burdens imposed to the industry-CDM. The SLFP Central Committee yesterday While suspending the membership of Vijaya Kumaranatunge and two othes, decided to hold a disciplinary inquiry into their conduct as party men forthwith, according to party sources. Official Cabinet spokesman and Minister of State, Dr. Anandatissa de Alwis is today expected to brief the press om. the fresh evidence about the TULF involvement with the terrorist movement. Today is the deadline for the TULF to nominate a MP to the Trincomalee seat vacated by R. Sambandan. The TULF polit-bureau will meet this week im Madras to decide om the course of action the party should take im regard to recent political deveopments-SU. A letter allegedly sent by Bageerathan, the son of Opposition leader, Mr. A. Amirthalingam to Mavai Senathirajah, President of the T'ULF Youth Wing Politbureau member has thrown a great deal of light into terrorist activities in Sri Lanka and abroad. Mr. A. Amirthalingam, leader of the Opposition said in an interview with the BBC yesterday that there was no connection between the Ulf and the terrorists; he said the government was trying to establish a link to present a solution to the problems of the Tamil speaking people. All partY conference sans the TULF to discuss the agenda for a round table conference to bring about a Solution to the ethnic issue is expected to be held at the New
residential Secretariat tomorrow-lS.
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 15: Minister of State" Anandatissa de Alwis yesterday charged that there appeared to be "an direct think between Mr. Amirthalingam and those who planned terrorism in Sri Lanka. The Government has invited the LSSP for the harmony talks, Dr. Colvin R. de Silva said yesterday. The Tamil Nadu petitioners who sought an interview with UN Secretaiy-General Javier Perez de Cuellar have mot succeeded in getting the meeting they sought. The United Nations command said today it was investigating a charge by North Korea, denied by the South, that South Korean troops opened fire on a northern post along the Demiitarised Zone separating the two Koreas during the night. The White House Warned Iran yesterday that any move to close the Strait of Hormuz and block, the Gulf oil route would be viewed as a serious threat meriting action by the United States-DN. The Police will withdraw all assistance extended to the tou; ist hotels in the feSOrt areas to protect tourists from January next year; earlier the Police were assigned special duties to protect tourists from criminal elements, touts, beggars and vendors who were reported to be harassing tourists-CDM. Four Government Parliamentarians are expected to be asked to resign their seats this Week; according to hig,ly placed government sources three of these will be on grounds of ill-health while the fourth is in view of alleged violation of the law.
TRIBUNE. OCTOBER 29, 1983

The TULF will be permitted to participate in the alparty conference State Minister Anandatissa de Alwis said yesterday. President J. R. Jayewardene yesterday invited three more political parties-the LSSP, the MEP and the Communist Party of Sri Lanka for the all-party conference to resolve outstanding Tamil problems and other northern issuesSU. The TULF is not pleased with the new arrangements approved by the Government in regard to the working of the DDCs. Minister of State Ananda-- tissa de Alwis said yesterday that the governmet will Soon take steps to invite all political parties to discuss the national question; however the TULF if it is to participate in the talks, will have to give up its call for separatism, he said. The governmnet was in the process of negotiating an extradition treaty with India Mr. Anandatissa de Alwis told pressmen yesterday-S. Mr. Anandatissa de Alwis, Minister of State said yesterday that on his return to the country from London, Mr. Amirthalingam, TULF
General Secretary will be questioned regarding the recent disclosures-DA.
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 16: The indication yesterday was that all the political parties invited for the national harmony roundtable conference called by President J. R. Jayewardene for 19th October will attend. A Specific provision to make terrorism, especially politically motivated terrorism, a section in all extradition treaties is expected to be canvassed by Sri Lanka before the United Nations and at international conferences of lawyers and jurists. Statistics show that 80 percent of encroachers of state land are those people who were unaffected in any way from communal disturbances and come from estates unconnected to such problems, Says Minister of Lands, Land Development and Mahaweli Development, Gamini Dissanayake, Ministerial sources told yesterday that the government had discovered a new ruse by the northern terrorists to create unrest in the country-SO. Those posing as Bhikkus and engaging in various activities that bring the Sasana into disrepute will be subjected to enhanced punishment which includes terms of imprisomment. The ban om the Communist Party (Moscow Wing) was lifted by the Government yesterday A tourist hotel im Nuwara Eliya that had recorded reicipt of Rs. 5,281,010 in 1979 failed to pay the Municipal Council the trade licence fee of Rs. 52,810 under Section 247 (a) (2) of the Municipal Council's Amendment Act No. 12 of 1979–ST. Government will shortly introduce legislation to provide legal immunity to Police and Armed Forces personnel involved in antiterrorist operations. The All Party confernoe to discuss out-standing Tamil problems and other Northern issues will be held at the New Presidential Secretariat on Wenesday. A spokesman for the Presidential Secretariat yesterday denied reports that the government had invited the TULF leaders to participate in the forthcoming all party conference
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on forging ethnic amity. The Defence Ministry is to identify Security arrangements along the northern
and eastern sea coasts of the country in a bid a to
curb illicit immigration and smuggling-WK. Indian
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi said today a dangerous situation was brewing in Sri Lanka and hoped that, President Jayewardene would open talks with the
island's minority Tamil community. Owing to heavy
losses incurred by the Ceylon Hotels Corporation im
1982 share-holders have not received any payments
for that year. Mr. R. D. Francies, the secretary to the
Minister of Regional Development Mr. C. Raja
durai, was shot and wounded by unidentified gunmen
in Batticoloa yesterday. In a colurful booklet with a
circulation of over 800,000 West German tourists have been told how to behave while holidaying in Sri Lanka-/S.
FOR THE RECORD ؟
LANKA GUARDIAN
Mrs. B's Interview
The following is the text of am interview Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaramaike, the Leader of the SLFP, has given to the Lanka Guardian. It was published in the Journal's issue of October 1.
Ouestion : in official pronouncements, party Statements, editorials and commentaries in the press, and other opinions expressed by organisations and individuals, various factors have been identified as the causes of the recent wave of violence. Naturally each factor has received varying emphasis in different Statements. The government has stated that it was a "plot'and ban;ned three left parties under the eme gency laws. While there was also reference to a 'foreign hamdʼ", other explamatigns have ranged from a Simhala blacklash to events in the North, particularly the killing of 13 Soliders in an ambush, to pro-UNP gangs to indiscipline and indifference in the security forces and a general breakdown of law and order. Where do you, Mrs. Bandaranaike, place the emphasis ?
Answer: Up to a point there is some truth in attributing the immediate cause of the outbreak of violence to Sinhala anger, frustration and so om but this is Not the main reason. Because even if mobs got into streets, why didn't the government and its security, forces put down the violence or at least control it within say two or three days P. In my view we have to look at the last 6 years, from the first outbreak of post-election violence. Was there any serious attemps to put down such lawlessness P Wo, lawlessness was institutionalised. Why is that ? Because it was unleashed on the defeated opponents of the UN P. Well, there has been post-election violence
12

before. UNP supporters will argue like that. But what happened afterwards, right through these six years? I can give you dates, places and the details of what happened bacause our parry has documented all these things, but I'll make one general observation Wnich is from one of the statements issued by the SLFP sometime ago. Students, workers, intellecuals, monks, political organisers and trade union organisers all of them have been asaulted by gangs of thugs, using bicycle chains and so om. One worker, Somapala died, Professor Sarachchandra one of the most eminent Sri Lankan scholars was put into hospital. Buddhist monks were beaten up. But no action has been taken, no one punished. The last incident of course was the case of the Supreme Court judges. No one is punished Why? Because that is the way the UNP deals with its opponents' with anybody who criticises it. What is the effect of all this? It maans that the party in power is promoting lawlessness and the authorities, the police, whose duty is to maintain law and Order, are ignored. Sometimes when these unlawful acts are committed with the help of a police officer and When he is found
guilty by a court of law, he is rewarded with a Арfотоtion.
Any government anywhere which permits such a situation is asking for trouble because it is undermining all the institutions which must maintain law and order. The UNP is reaping the trouble and the violence and the lawlessness, the seeds of all that, - which the UNP sowed Some people, not important people, associated with other parties, may have joined the law breakers, especially after the first two or three days, just as the criminal elements and the Wellknown gangs im each area associated with som prominent persons, also jumped in . . . . looters and So on. But to say that anti-government parties planned this is pure nonsense. As I said as soon as these parlies were banned, they are looking for Scapegoats ... the UNP must look within, not outSide. Every Sinha'ese in the towns and villages where this happened knows the truth, because in these places everybody is known by his face and his party loyalties are well known. The Tamils also know the real culprits. In fact, Mr. Amrtha' ingam when he came to see me, told me that himself. And of course the world outside also knows the facts. We all know, how many people a rested by the police and kept in custody for these activities have been released. And everybody knows their connections. So we are mot fooled. The people are not deoeived.
Ouestion. While the government and the opposition will disagree and continue to debate about the causes of the violence, you will agree that what's more important now is the political situation, the problem which arise from these terrible events?
Answer. Yes, of course. Ouestion: On behalf of your party, you have said that you have been and will remain opposed to
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983

Page 15
terrorism and separatism, and yet you have a different stance on the question of negotiatics. The UNP position is that the TULF must renounce separatism BEFORE any talks are held But in a statement pube lished in the Sun you disagree.
Answer: Yes that the TULF must finally renounce separatism but that need not be before negotiations. Amirthalingam explained his problem and must say that I found the position was understandable. Rightly or wrongly, though we do not endorse their views, the people of the North voted for a separate state. Of course it was good election slogan for the TULF. But that is the TULF's mandate, as he told me. If he were to turm back on that mandate, he must get the approval of at least his party at a conference. But what are they to tell the conference? If they get some concrete offers. Some practical alternative proposals, then they can tell their people let's consider this, let's discuss this, this is what is offered....We are going to have an all party conference with all the major paties, UNP, SLFP etc. and let us at least negotiate. The TULF can try to persuade their people. If you are interested in negotiation, you cannot ask one party to come to the table after giving up their main demand. ... that's not the way to open talks, if you are serious. We are all interested in a political solution and settlement . . . . . mot for the sake of the Tamils. . . but for the sake of the Sinhalese and the Tamils, and the whole country. If you accept that attitude, then you must approach in a different Spirit. This is a serious crisis and those who lead the people must think very very seriously and act with courage and sincerity, you must be bold and take the people, the Whole country, into your confidence. The Government's recent conduct has not inspired any confidence among the Sinhalese or Tamils. محمد بہت
Ouestion One final question, madam, a controversial issue.... this is about India's role. How do you see the Indian role 2
Answer: I See a limited role but at the same time an useful one. Of course this is our problem, basically a problem for Sri Lanka. Nevertheless, you can't expect India not to be concerned. HoW can we ? . First there are the Indian citizens and the Stateless people who may or may not become Indian citizens. You know that in the two agreements signed after lorg and hard negotiations-at once stage II wanted to leave Delhi at once because nothing was happening. . . . but Lal Bahadur Shastri intervened because of my talks with him in Cairo. Subsequently We found a Solution.... but what I am saying is that the future of several thousands was still left in doubt, So India has a stake in that problem. Then there
is the question of Tamil Nadu..... there is strong feeling there, and we must realise that Mrs. Gandhi is, very concerned about that . . . . naturally . . . . we
are all politicians, and we must accept political facts The Tamilnadu situation is a reality.... we in Sri
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983

Lanka must realise that. What we must also realise is that Mrs Gandhi is agaimst separatism and terrorism therefore om those fundamental problems, Mrs Gandhi and we agree lf the position here is such that both parties, the government and the TULF will not budge, and nobody here is strong enough to break what I can see is a deadlock, then it is useful to get the good offices of Mrs. Gandhi to break the deadlock. That is the role she can play. And I think that is what she is tying to do.
Mervyn de Silva
EC C
REPLY TO MRS. B.
In the Daily News
iF MRS. BANDARANAIKE BELIEVES that the current government TULF deadlock should be brokem, she should support megotiations on the basis of an undivided country rather than aggravate the problem by backing the TULF position of retaining the separatist option. "The wholehearted support promised in parliament by the SLFP to the Sixth Amendment to the constitution is now turning out to be Mrs. Bandaranaike's Support for the TULF position' authoritative sources Said yesterday These sources responding to the former Prime Minister's interview with the Lanka Guardian (published om Friday, 14/10/83, in the Daily News) said : "Mrs. Bandaranaike's interview with the (Lanka Guardian on the current crisis) calls for further comment. She says 'to say that anti-government parties planned this is pure nonsense'. She further suggests that the government "must look withim mot outside”. She further assets that every Sinhalese and the Tamils also know the real culprits.
A person in Such a remarkable State of certainty must Surely place Such evidence before those who are inquiling into these matters. If she has such facts, she must be a witness. Otherwise she is a more commentator speculating without facts. Commemtators without facts do not help to bring about the atmosphere necessary to bring forth a lasting Solution to any problem or even to find the facts. Her attempt to point a finger at the UNP. ignores one simple point. Wo interests of the UNP or the Government were served by the recent violence. The Government was involved in taking the country forward on a peaceful and practical path of greater economic development. These incidents have attempted to deflect the Government from this chosen path. Whoever caused the incidents of July, whether in the Worth or elsewhere, was seeking to destablize the Government. Can anyone seriously suggest that the Government was seeking to destabilize itself?
AS Mrs. Bandaranaike says, quite rightly, what is more important now is search for a solution. Here
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She is opposed to terrorism and separatism and is for negotiations. Nobody can quarrel, with that pOS1tion. However, she says 'the TULF must finally reounce separatism but not before negotiations'. She says that the TULF must be given 'some concrete offers, some practical atternate proposals'. This attitude is clearly contrary to the SLFP's position in Parliament. There, the SLFP voted for the Sixth Amendament, which reasserted, constitutionally. the unitary nature of our constitution". There also the SLFP promised 'wholehearted" Support. But what Mrs. Bandaranake now appears to suggest to the Government is to negotiate in a manner which is inconsistent with the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution. "I believe that everybody wanting to negotiate wishes to do so successfully. The cry of Separatism is anathema to over 90% of the population of this country. This vast majority are less likely to concede anything if one party retains the option of separatism. Mrs. Bandaranaike will undoubtedly know that with the option of Sep3ratism abandoned there will be a better atmosphere to bring about a settlement. Retention by one paty of a separatist option will actually hinder, rather than help, a Successful conclusion of any negotiations. Perhaps Mrs. Bandaranaike has failed to consider the situation that could arise where the TULF retans the separa ist option and rejects the "concrete offers' and 'practical alternate proposals”. referred to by her.
Mrs. Bandaranaike also refers to India's role. She sees it as a limited but useful role. She balieves that it would be useful to break the deadock b3tween the Government and the TULF. Ouite rightly, she Says, however, 'This is our problem, basically a problem. for Sri Lanka". The one way to break this deadlock is to support the position that all rnegotiations must be on the basis of the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution. Mrs. Bandaranaike should therefore Support this position, rather than aggravate the deadlock by supporting the TULF's position of retaining the Separatist option. The Wholehearted Support promised in parliament by the SLFP to the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution is now turining out to be Mrs Bandaramaike's Support for the TULF's positionDaily, Wews. 17/10/83.
UP BY TEN PERCENT
World Military Spending London: World Military spendirig in 1982 rose by 10 percent (after inflation) over 1981 to a total of 14
 

803 billion dollars, according to the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). World economic output rose only 1.3 to 1.5 percent during that time, this was stated in a report released here on Friday. The authoritative annual "Military Balance, 1983-84' notes that world military spending in 1932 was about equal to the total accumulated Third World debt as of the end of that year. Robert O'Neill, the Australian strategist and military historian who heads the Institute, told a press conference announcing the report that economic factors will increasingly contain mi.itary budgets. Such lage increases in Spending are unlikely to be feasible in future as cuts in other kinds of pu'lic spending become politically unacceptable without military spending cuts, O'Neil predicted. The United States, the West Asia, the Soviet Union and the South Atlantic war between Britain and Argentian accounted for nearly all the increase in military expenditure last Year. The rest of the world cut its military spending or held it fairly steady.
'Africa's serious economic situation is reflected im a deciine in military spendig im all countries except South Africa", the IISS report says. Black Africa has cut military spending four percent a year in the past five years, bringing it down by one-fifth over the period. Latin America, however, despite economic problems of increased severity in the last years, increased its military spendig by 10–20 percent the last five years. The oil-producing states "recycled' much of their petro-dollar surpluses into aims in the 1970s. West Asian military spending grew 35 percent in the last five years. But petrodollar surpluses are no longer being generated, thanks to slacker oil markets and the massive Spend.ng commitments entered into by oil states since the first oil price rise in 1973. The ISS suggests that this may begin to constrain West Asian military spending, now swollen by the Israeli invasion of the Lebanon and the IranIraq War. Excluding the Soviet Union and inflationWreck2d Poland, East Europe's 'Warsaw Pact countries appear to have maintained the same level of spending over the past five years (in constant prices)'. The "Military Balance" abstains on the vexed question of estimating Soviet military spending. It points out that the method used by the US central intelligence Agncy "is considered to overstate the USSR defence effort relative to that of the Umited States'. Warsaw Pact military spending rose to similar rate to that of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, the ISS ventures, if US estimates are to be believed. But the big military spender is the United States. The "Military Balance"puts its 1982-83 spending at 216 billion dollars of the 800 bilion dollars world total arms Spending. In 1978-82 military spending by all NATO countries except the United States was constant or even decreased slightly according to the "Military Balance." if the military spending is included in the NATO total, it climbed 'some 11 - 12 percent over the same period '-PTI.
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Page 17
KOREAN ARLINER
U. S. Still Unsure
Washington, October 8: The US Govermment is still not certain that the Soviet Union shot down the Korean Jumbo Jet five weeks ago knowing it was a civilian airliner a State Department communique has disclosed. The communique issued iast noight followed a report in yesterday's Wew York Timas which said US intelligence Services had no proof that either the Soviet military authorities or the pilot who fired on the plane knew it was a civilian Jet. A Defence Department official yesterday however said while it was possible the pilot was not aware he was attacking a civilian airliner, the militay authorities on the ground must have known. A week after the KAL Jet was shot down with the loss of 269 lives the Under Secretary of State for political affairs Lawrence Eagleburger said it was unthinkable that the Soviet authorities had not identified the jet after trailing it for two and a half hours.-AFP,
咒 冥
LATIN AMERICAS
Debt Service Charges
Washington. The 1982 total service charge for the Latin American and Caribbean debt stands at 54,100,000 dollars and it will remain at that level during 1933, said the World Bank. In its 1982-83 World debt tables, the Bank announced that the middle and long term public and private debt of these countries came to 203,150 million dollars in 1981, as against 37,100 milliom im 1972. Payments on debt principal and interest were 5900 million in 1972 and 44,100 million im 1981, while the 1983 figure is expected to be 53,170 million, According to the World Bank, the main causes of this situation are high interest rates, the decline in worldtrade and the drop in the prices of raw materials
High -interest rates have had a particularly big impact om Argentima. Brazil amd Mexico where am increase of one percent means a 1200 million dollars rise in debt service charges. Among other countries with severe debt payment problems is Chile which had to pay more than 3000 million in both 1981 and 1982 and is likely to have to pay the same sum in 1983. This year Peru will pay out 1,500 million and Venezuela 3,100. The short term debt (which falls due in less than a year) is not covered by the World Bank study, which means that the situation of indebteness is much worse than the report would indicate-PL.
RBUNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983

KA "RAGEDY
Seed of Doubt
By David Shribman Washington: Five Waeks after a Soviet fighter shot down a South Korean airliner, US intelligence experts say they have reveiwed all available evidence and found no indication that Soviet air defence personnel knew it was a commercial plane before the attack. The informants say most US intelligence specialists are confident that the Su-15 fighter involved was below and behind the airliner, rather than parallel to it, as officials in Washington at first believed. The experts said im interviews this week that given the difficulty of identifying a plane from below, they believed the Soviet pilot probably did not know what kind of plane he was shooting down. Many details remain unknown. But intelligence experts, using transcripts of soviet radio transmissions, 'ad impulses and additional intelligence data that US and Japanese officials refuse to discuss publicly have pieced together a broad picture of what hap, pened on the night of Aug. 31 and mornig of Sepwhen the South Korean airliner, flew over Soviet Union's Kamachatka Peninsula and Sakhan Island. The informants said the experts had reached general agreement that the Soviet Air Defence for had displayed a poor capacity to intercept aircraft in Soviet air space to distinguish between commecial and military aircraft and to identify a plane before shooting it down.
This information, which was processed by in ligence experts and reportedly sent to the White House and the state Department about two Week after the attack, appears to cast a somewhat different light on the incident. The oiginal assumption Washington was that the Soviet pilots had closely examined the 747 and shot it down when it seem to be leaving Soviet airspace, even though they should have known it was a civilian plane. Many of the analysts, who have examined the tapes and eectromic reconnaissançe information that has been accumulating since the downing, ale ' set to believe, however that the Soviet air defence Commad was operating on the assumption that the Swas tracking a smaller US Air Force RC 135 reco naissance plane and notan artiner. The ínoooo » said that the important conclusion, by US integ experts, that the SU-15 was below and not para to the south Korean 747 wasn not reached the week of Sept. 12. Intelligence experts say 'Y believe that the decision to shoot down the 7" was all made once Soviet radar operators misde. fied the jetliner as a RC-135 when it first entered Soviet airspace two hours before it was shot down. A radar operator at an early part of the inciden informed the air defense command im Kemachatka a he had sighted an RC 135. Another radar operato later said he had sighted an "unidentified" plan Still later, the plane was described as an "intruder". 15

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But by the time the 747, continuing its off-course flight from Anchorage to Seoul, flew over the Soviet island of Sakhalin, anti-air-craft missile batteries
ere put om alert to stop what was described as an RC-135. The officials said they believed that the initial identification of the jetliner as a military reconnaissance aircraft became fixed in the minds of Soviet air defence officials and was strengthened after Soviet interceptors were unable to locate the plane for two hours. The reason, they said, was that Soviet ground controllers were encountering difficulty im directirg the Soviet planes om courses that would intercept that of the South Korean airliner. One problem was timing the takeoff of the interceptors, which are limited in range by their fuel, and then directing them on courses that would lead them to a target flying more than 500 miles an hour at an altitude of seven miles.
intelligece assembled by US experts indical they said that a Soviet interceptor aircraft neve came closer tham 20 miles to the Korean Air Liner -747 as it flew over Kamchatka. Some US officials say they believe that the misidentification of the airliner by personnel on the ground may explain why the Soviet pilots did not, in the last minutes of the Jetliner's flight, try to make a careful airborne identi"cation of the aircraft. whch has a distinctive hump above the cockpit. "The Soviets had a mindest about killing the plane'', a US official said, "I get the impression that the guy was thinking only about shooting the plane, with very little sense of anything else.".
This information, indivating the the Soviet defenders either thought they were shooting down an AC 135 or an unidentified plane, became known to US intelligence in the days after the downing as intercepted radio and radar Signals were given Closer scrutiny. The United States has confirmed that a RC 135 one of a small fleet of Surveillance planes that regularly monitor Soviet missile tests air. defence activities was in the general area on September 1 and actually crossed the path that the South Aorean airliner followed-NYTS.
ISRAEL FENCE ROUND Buckingham Palace
London. While the 'changing of the guard' at London's Buckingham Palace has been a tourist attraction for years, security at the royal residence has been lax indeed. Security officials in Lomdom, therefore, embarked om a search for the best means to ensure the territorial integrity of the palace-and finally ended their search in Israel. A report in the professional magazine, International Security Review, disclosed recently that the authorities purchased a high-security electronic fence from Israel Aircraft industries for a reported S 2 million.
6

This surprisingly expensive investment was justified on the ground that the palace had been invaded twice in the last two Years, once when a group of German tourists spent the night on the palace grounds without being discovered and more recently, in July when a disturbed Englishman broke into Oueen Elizabeth's bedroom and threatened suicide. im her presence. The new Israeli-manufactured fence, simiair to those used on the country's borders to prevent terrorist incursions, should go a long, way, its purchasers believe in reducing threats against the royal family
URLEUNE AGRICULTURAL
DIGEST
NTRODUCTION
JEDB's Corporate Plan
984 988
The major role of the three plantation crops (tey, rubber and coconut) in the economy of the couna7. has been constantly emphasized and since 19tu7 - the Government of Sri Lanka has concement itself in improving the efficiency, productivity and viability of plantations which are owned by the State and managed through State-institutions-Janatha Estates Development Board and Sri Lanka State Plantations Corporation. As a first step in this direction, three development projects were approved in the tea plantations with the financial support of the World Bank and Asian Development Bank; the benefits derived by the J.E.D.B. have yet to be evaluated as the projects are on-going. These pilot ventures were confined to selected areas and limited to a few estates. However, due to fluctuating and unfavourable tea prices the J.E.D. B. could not infuse essential development capital from its own resources with the majority of remaining plantations.
TRIBUNE. OCTOBER 29, 1983

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in order that the magnitude of resources required could be ascertained, the Government initiated the preparation of an Estate by Estate Medium Term investment Programme at the end of 1982 through the National Panning Division of the Ministry of Finance & Planning. All estates in the J.E.D.B. and S.L.S. P.C. including those in the Projects, will be provided for in this Programme.
The procedure adopted by the J. E.D.B. was initially to request submissions of investment plans for each activity from estates through a Ouestionnaire prepared in consultation with I. D. A. and National Planning Division Officials. The estate data was studied by the Regional Board concerned at site through teams of Senior Superintendents. Agricultural Advisers, Manufacturing Advisers, Regional Board Directors and Managers, and refined to ensure that the proposed investments reflected a satisfactory internal Rate of Return. A composite of the Regional Boards Programme enabled a JEDB proposal, after incorporating recurrent and capital requirements of each Regional Board Ofice and the Central Board Office. Methodology and assumptions used in forecasting production, revenue costs etc. were agreed between local Consultants appointed by the National Planning Divisions, officials of the World Bank who assisted in an advisory capacity at preparatory stage, and representatives of J E D B and S L S.P.C.
Consolidation of all activities of the JEDB has resulted in a Working plan for a 5 year p3riod, with proposed investments of Rs. 1.266.2 million for Tea ; Rsl 372.5 Million for Rubber; and Rs. 152.3 Million for Coconut. Availability of this Corporate Plan will enable the JEDB to review its annual budgetary meeds om the basis of a 'rolling programme'.
Janatha Estates Development Board expresses its deep appreciation to all persons who associated themselves with the preparation of the Medium Term investment Programme and the Corporate Plan in particular, past and present officials of the National Plamning Division Officia's of the Mimistry of Finance and Planning, and World Bank; and no least the staff of the estates, Regional Boards and the Central Board but for whose guidance and assistance these documents would not be a reality.
DEFINITIONS Tea
(A) Replanting Total replacement of productiv O.S.T. with V. P. Tea. Involves a minimum continou area of 0.20-hectares. A Survey of this area i ' required for claiming Government Subsidies. A los of revenue is exparienced due to uprooting the existin tea bushes.
(B) Waw Planting: Planting of tea in areas pre sently in other use. Involves clearing previous vegeta tion. Does mot incur fosses of revemue but amry produc revenue at initial clearing tim2, e.g. fuselwood/timbe Minimum area of new planting is 0.20 hactares.
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983

M
(C) (i) infilling-i) Poria Control-Removal of infected plants anv peripheral bushes. Treatment to affected area and planting with V. P. tea. Poria control involves minimum loss of revenue which is disregarded. Minimum area treated would be 200 sq. ft.
(ii) Infilling-Vacant patches in tea fields with a maximum extending up to 0.20 hectares are filled with V. P. plants. There occurs no loss of revenue but may involve the removal of a few passenger bushes from the surrounding area.
(D) Soil Conservation: Terracing, cutting new
drains om contou, cleaning and re-aligning of drains and planting of shade for conserving soils.
(E) Diversification : Diversifying the existing crop into abother. These may take the form of:
(a) Rubber into Tea; (b) Tea into Rubber; (c) Tea into minor export crops; (d) Rubber into Oil Palm; (e) Tea into timber. Rubber
(A) Replanting: Total replacement of Rubber trees which have come to the end of their useful economic life with new rubber plants. involves a minimum continuous area of 0.20 hectares. - (B) Wew Planting: Planting of Rubber trees im areas presently in other use. Involves clearing previous vegetation. Does not incur losses of revenue but may produce revenue at initial clearing time e.g. fuelwood/timber. Minimum area of new planting is 020 hectares.
(C) Soil Conservation. Terracing, cutting new drains on contour, cleaning, and re-aligning of drains and cutting of platforms.
(D) Divarsification Diversifying the existing crop ig to another, These may take the form of:
(a) Rubber into Tea; (b) Tea into Rubber; Tea into Ribber ; (c) Tea into minor export crops ; (d.) Rubber into oil Palm; (e) Tea into timber. Coconut
(A) Undar-planting: Under-planting areas presently
planted in coconut which are over sixty years in age.
The thinning out process of older take place when new plants are established. There is loss of revenue. Minimum extent of under-planting is 0.20 hectares.
(B) Soil Conservation Terracing, cutting new drains om contour, cleaning and re-aligning of draims. includes moisture conservation by cutting husk pits and burying husks. Y
(C) irrigation frigating Coconut cpalms during drought to increse production.
х X
FOO-D PRODUCTION
Grain Legumes
Consumption of this important category of vegetable protein foods has remained much lower than its nutrient status Warrants. The highest per capita
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consumption level of 5.6 kg was in 1969/70 (Socio Economic Survey of the Department of Census and Statistics). Worsening terms of trade in the 1970s and the introduction of a rationing system reduced the per capita consumption to its lowest level of about 1 kg. With the resumption of dhal imports in 1978, the Supply picked up, but is still below the 1969-70 level. Perhaps the main reason for this low level of pulse production and consumption is a dearth of seed and which has discouraged farmers from cultivating improved varieties under more intensive systems of management. However, the opening up of more land under the Mahaweli Pro jects and current trendsto diversify rice-based cropping systems should favour an expanded development of these crops. Accordingly, the improvement of grain legumes has recoived an impetus under the UN Soyabean Development and the DRC Food Grains Development Programme. The main objectives of these programs have been to develop HYW with acceptable grain quality, to breed resistance to common pests and diseases, and in the case of Soyabean to popularize it as a food in local cuisine.
Cowpea . In cowpea, the most widely cultivated traditional pulse the standard recommendations Arlington, Bombay Cowpea or M 1 (3 m) and M1 35 (2 m) have mot a yet been surpassed although certain LITA introductions such as TV 930 - OB 1, TV 1139 - 9F, TV 1836 - 90F and TV 309 G have been promising. 'Lanka kadala'-a 70 day variety has gained some popularity in the Puttalam District, where it is used as substitute for chick pea (kondakadalai).
Mung: Greater success has been achieved with mung (greem gram), where two new selections have been added to the old recommendation MI 4 (2 m). These two selections are MI5 and Selection 77. M5 (75-85 days) is large seeded variety, more resistant to the Yellow Leaf Virus than M. 4. It is also more Weed competitive becasue of its spreading growth habit and early seeding vigour. It is recommended for planting in late October. Selection 77 (65-75 days), because of its shorter age, is bestplanted in late November during the Maha season and with the March rains in Yala. The seeds are of medium size like M| 4. ۔
Uridi Mi 1 (3 m) and Type 9 (80 days) continue to be the standard recommendations for Urd (black gram).
Groundnut. Two new varieties have been added to the existing list of recommendations: Uganda Erect, Red Spanish, A 92 and MI 1. These varieties are X 14 and No. 45. It is likely that X 14 and No. 45 will repace A 92 as they have similar grain characteistics. However, Red Spanish, desipte its low yield, will be maintained as a recommendation because of its early vigour, drought tolerance and market demand for red kernels. −
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Soyabean APB 1 : And Bossier to a lesser extentappear to be the two most popular varieties. PB 1 in particular is widely grown in the Anuradhapura district (8,000 ha) as a chena Crop par excellence. it is accepted by farmers because of its higher yield potential, greater tolerance of moisture strees and resistance to pests and diseases than the traditional pulses.
Peas: Research is also directed to developing hardier pulses which can be extended to marginal lands where low moisture availability restricts the cultivation of soyabean and the traditional puses. Two promising seasonal varieties of chick pea (Cicer arienetum) are being tested in the northern dry zone: RPSP 333 and RPSP 355. At the same time two semiperennial varieties of piegon pea (Cajanus cajan) T 21 and Upas 120, are under investigation in the north-central dry zone to be cultivated as 'carry over' crops between Seasons, when drought forbids the cultivation of seasonal crops without irrigation.
Plant Protection: No great headway has yet been possible in breeding pest and disease resistant pulse varieties, although effective chemical pesticides and relatively 'safe" planting periods have been identified as other means of control. Among the diseases, the Yellow Leaf Virus is the most Serious, Specifically in Mung. Early seeding in OctoberNovember is advocated to minimise Crop exposure to the dry period from January to March when the vectors are most active. Rust attacks Urid (Black gram). Here again, early planting from September to mid November minimises damage. Recommended fungicides for rust are Bayleton 25 W at 25 g/100 1 or Plantovex 75 W at 150 ኗg/100 1.
The most serious insect pests are bean flies (Ophiomyc phaseoli) and pod borers (Heliothis armigera) which are active în the field, and Calloso bruches in storage. Black gram varieties M1 and Type 9 are relatively resistant to Callosobruchus, but 99WPea is very susceptible. Azodrin 60 and Folimat 50 EC (0.075 a. i.) sprayed 5-6 days after emergence have been found to be effective against bean flies. Pod borers can be controlled by spraying Endosulfan 35 EC (Thodan) at one litre in 5001, waier per hectare, at fortnightly intervals from the time the first ahotholes are observed in the pods. Varieties hearing crect pods e.g. TV 930 - OB are less damaged by borers than varieties with dependent pods.
Bacterial Cultures: Research has also been imitiated investigate the development of suitable bacterial cultures from local resources to boost the production potential of gain legumes. Effective strains of Soya rhizobia and a suitable carrier have been identified. It is hoped that equally successful reults will be achieved with the other grain legumes to mitigate the rising cost of chemical fertilisers.
Diversified and Mixed Cropping Systems : ln, order to overcome the dearth of acceptable cultivate
TRIBUNE ocTOBER 29 1983

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land for grain-legume production diversified ricebased cropping Systems and mixed highland cropping patterns are under test, kn lowland rice fields where rain and irrigation water are limiting during certain seasons for rice cultivation, Soyabean, green gram black gram and bushsitao have been Successfully cropped in the better drained portions of the rice lands. This practice has been introduced to farmers in the diy and intermediate zones. Experiments are also inprogress to intercrop these same grain legumes with 'soil degrading' upland such as cassava and maize. The results have been encouraging,
At the C.A.R.I. Peradeniya, under the DRC Root Crops Development Program , a cassava-grain legume mixed cropping experiment has demonstrated quite clearly that increased incomes can be earned by this method. The most profitable cassavalegume combination was achieved with the shortaged vegetable cowpea bushitao. Under the SlCIDA Dry Zone Project at Maha | Iluppallama mixed Croppings of soyabean and black gram with maize have also givem good results. Im other experiments Conducted by the Croppings Research Team at Maha Iluppallama under simulated chema conditions (shifting agriculture) the maize-soyabean combination has been effective. Half the normally recommended population of maize was used and Soyabean Was intercropped in alternative rows. The overall cash incomes were quite attractive. .
The benefits of such mixed cropping are several. Apart from maximising land use and farmer incomes per unit area of land, the risk of soil fertility loss through erosion and crop loss through rampant Weed growth are greatly minimised. The nutritional standards of the rural diet are also enhanced by providing a well balanced combination of calorieproetin foods.-Research Highlights.
ж - х ж TO REMOVE SALNITY
Atriplex or Salt Bush
AT an American University, scientists are concerntrating on a plant which, they say, has high potential benefits for arid regions of the world. Dr. J. R. Goodin, a plant physiologist at Texas Technological University in Lubbock, Texas, is one of those 'studying the plant -Atriplex, or Salt Bush-which, he says, could be used as feed for livestock, as fuel, and as a remover of salt from severely leached soil. Too many crop plants developed in recent years, Dr. Goodin said in an interview, require shelter, extra water, and expensive fertilizers as well as protection from diseases and pests. His present research involves a Search For plants with very little energy imput,
The development of Salt Bush potential, he said, came about 'because I was interested in the parts of the world where drought is a problem and where salinity is a major threat. Many places in the World have
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983

water, but it is of Such poor quality that you can't use it. . . . . even for growing crops. Texas and other parts of the American South-west are a part of the one-third of the earth that is arid or semi arid-that is with an average annual rainfall ranging from less than 100 millimetres to between 250 and 500 millimetres. The Salt Bush was selected after a screening of 2,900 specimens narrowed down to 100, then to 16. Four were selected for fe'd testing and saf bush was found to be the most promising. It is bein grown in areas of Texas where soil is degraded by
years of leaching, but ther once alralfa, cotton and mellom grew.
The genue occurs worldwide in about 200 specie o Dr. Goodin said, extending from Canada through western Unites States and down to the Sonor Desert in Mexico. He also has worked extensively with the Mediterranean type, which makes bette biomass product for fuel than the Texas variety, and hopes to combine some of the tough plant types to incorporate their good qualities. Harvested by the coppice method-cutting at the top and leaving a healthy growth in place-the plant can be fed to live-Stock, he said.
The Salt Bush takes the saft out of the soil into its leaves. About one ton of salt is taken from an acre of land each year, Dr. Goodin said, so that in many Saline soils three or four years of salt bush growth would make the soil fit again for other crops. The process is not fast, he admitted, but it is reliable and does not damage the soil composition as does the spread of gypsum which is being suggested for parts of the Middle East. An oil company, an energy advisory council and another Texas University have Supported Dr. Goodin's effort to use salt bush for a biomass fuel source. They hope to see Salt bush developed into what Dr. Goodin called 'energy plantations“ im arid regions of the world.–USS.
RECONCILIATION,
REHABILITATION, RECONSTRUCTION
AMD THE PEOPLE
PRIME MNSTER Eye For An Eye Not Our Credo
Prime Minister R. Permadasa said yesterday that the 'crisis of credo civilization' which this country faced recently called for a complete recorientation of our life style, thinking, way of life and all other aspects of Social progress on the basis of that tragic experience. "It demands not only an examination of the perfor
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v
Tmances of certain institutions and individuals who failed in their responsibilities but also callsfor immediate corrective action' he said. He was addressing the Executive Committee meeting of the Colombo Central UNP organisation held at the Sucharita Hall, San Sebastian. Everyone should cooperate with President Jayawardene to help restore mot only the rule of law but the rule of love.
A Spiritual awakening was essential for this he Said. 'The crisis we faced recently is an unprecedented one. It was not due to any economic reasons like the 1971 insurection. It was not one due to any act of God, like a cyclone, flood or an epidemic. It was neither a political crisis. It was as our President stated "a crisis of civilization." What does that meam ? lt means that our present life style, out thimkimg, our way of living, and all other aspects of Social progress needs a complete reoriemation om the basis of this tragic experience. It demands not only an examination of the performances of certain institutions, families and individuals who failed in their responsibilities, but also immediate corrective action. This crisis of civilization has also indicated to us that we had drifted from the path of civilization. What is the path of civilization ? It is the path which leads us from the rule of the jungle along the rule of law to reach the rule of love. It is then that we could have reached the goal of civilization where people care for others and share with others for their mutual benefits, irrespective of class, Creed, colour or community.
'But what happened ? That unique journey which we initiated in July 1977 under the leadership of our respected President was reversed in July 1983 from the rule of law to the rule of the jungle. Those responsible for this calamity are a few in proportion tOi Or population. These few belong to almost all classes, creeds, communities and political parties' They should be weeded out in the interest of the cause of humanity. To extend sympathy to them is to sympathise with evil. To weed out these disruptive and dangerous elements we all individually and collectively should extend our support wholeheartedly to our President who is the elected leader of our country.
'Even those who disagree with the policies of our party will concede the fact that he is the only leader in this country who has the public stature, intelectual capacity, and the strength of characer to perform this Himalayan task. He deserves the unconditional support of all people, of all parties who are genuinely interested to reunite the people and preserve the unitary form of govenment in Sri Lanka. Each one of us should extend our unstinted co-operation to strengthen his hand for him to take any acsion to bring back not only the rule of law but also the rule of love.
"We reject with contempt the cry by some commumal-minded fanatics who demand an eye for an eye.
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It we give in to such elements, what will happen? As Gandhiji said the whole country will go blind in a moment'. We assure our leader that we the members of the Colombo Central U.N.P. Organisatiom are prepared to make any Sacrifice individually and collectively to help him to put back this country on the path of civilization. This sacrifice we owe not only to ourselves but also to our children. To create a society where the rule of love prevails is not an easy task. The enforcement of the rule of law alone will not help to achieve that ideal. A spiritual reawakening of the people is very essential for that purpose. We must accept the fact that we have defaulted considerably in that respect.
'It is time that we invoke the blessings of all religions by following the noble precepts of our Great Teachers to divert the minds of all those who are influenced by evil thoughts. Peace, umity and disipline are essential ingredients to promote development which will bring prosperity to our people. It is . om that basis that we have decided to inaugurate the 'One Milliom Houses Programme om Jamuay 1, 1984 with religious observances at Buddhist temples, Christiam Churches, Himdu Kovils and Muslim Mosques in all the 4,000 Grama Sevaka divisions under the leadership of the gramodaya mandalayas.-Daily News. 17/10/83.
"53 - E. PLEA FROM AUSTRALIA-2
False and Misleading Information
By G. C. Weeramantry
This is the second installment of an address entitled 'A Plea For National And An Undivided Sri Lanka' delivered by Prof. C. G. Weeramantry at a meeting of the Overseas Sri Lankan Organisation National Unity held at the Old Arts Theatre, Melbourne University, on September 17, 1981
ANOTHER FACTOR I see as important is the duty not to spread false and misleading information. This poisons the atmosphere, and if such a campaign has beem carried om, it should be cordemned. Let me illustrate this from my expeience. At Monash University, not so long ago, Prime Minister Mugabe of Zimbabwe was visiting us for a very important. speech, and the elite of Victoria were all there. The hall was packed with over a thousand people, and there were hondreds outside the hall who had been turned away. That occasion had nothing to do with Sri Lanka, but there were people there- don't know how many-distributing leafets. Those leaflets had drawings of Sinha'ese policemen shooting point blank at unarmed, defenceless Tamil women. All Sri Lankans know that such a thing has never
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happened. These pamphlets were distributed and reached the hands of a lot of people who ware in the hall, I was seated next to two people holding very important positions in the Australian community, and I had to spend nearly the whole evening trying to convince them that there was no truth in this kind of suggestion. They took the point that "there is no smoke without fire'. Why is this being said if it did not indeed happen? As I said, it took a great -effort on my part to negative that.
I have in my hands some documents issued by Sri Lankan Tamil Organisations which speak emotionally of 'genocide of the Tamils' and of "Anti-Tamil progroms'. One leaflet, presumably intended for public circulation, starts with misleading information that the Tamils constitute 20% of the population of Sri Lanka'. This is a true statment taken in isolation, but in the context in which it is written is deliberately misleading, for all Sri Lankans know that it includes the totally distinct group of Indian Tamils who are in no way associated with the terrorist movement or the demand for Separation of the Tamils of Jaffna. Indeed their leaders have publicly and categorically disassociated themselves from the demand for separation. Such misinformation obscures the truth that the demand for separatism comes only from the Sri Lankan Tamils, who are only a 12.6% minority of the community-and indeed from only a portion of them. I would appeal to my dear friends on both sides not to let mischievous propaganda of this sort circulate, for it only embitters he atomosphere, recoils upon those who use it and puts further away the day when wisdom and sanity wils prevail.
was in Southern Africa, just last week, on a lecture tour through mamy Countries, and there Was much publicity given to the Sri Lankan disturbances. The impression, rightly or wrongly, had got around that in Sri Lanka the Sinhalese community was oppressing and terrorising and vicitimising and enslaving the Tamil community. At the end of a lecture at the University of Tanzania at Dar-Es-Salam, an Africam student asked me this question, which would be amusing if it were not So serious. He said, "The Romam Dutch law is the commom law of South Africa and of Sri Lanka. We find that in South Africa the white minority has enslaved the black people. In Sri Lanka the Sinhalese majority has enslaved the Tamil people. There must be something wrong with the Romam Dutch Law. " It took me a long time to explaim that this had mothing to do with the Romam Dutch Law and that the questioner had got his basic facts wrong if he thought of the Tamil people as being enslaved by the Sinhalese. w
THIS LEADS to another point. I have as perhaps some of you know been doing some writing in the area of apartheid. once gave a broadcast over Radio Australia on a programme where people any where in Australia could phone back and ask me questions.
RIBUNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983.

The first question I had om the talkback was, "You talk about apartheid and about the enslavemant of the black population in South Africa by the whites. How can you make such an issue of this when in Sri Lanka the Sinhalese have similarly enslaved the Tamils? That was the first quastion that came to me and I said, 'Well. in South Africa the black people do not even have a vote. They do mot hold army office of consequ2nce. They do not participate in the government of the country. The statute book enshrines their inequality and classifies them according to race. In Sri Lanka, on the other hand, they will never have a Suprem3 Court bench without its honoured Tamil members, they will not have a Cabinet without a Tamil member. We have Tamils in all positions of the highest importance in life, and of course there is no question, and never has been a question, of their denial of the franchise.' This must have taken my questioner by Surprise, because he had the opportu nity to question me back but he went silent. He may well have realised that his informant, whoeve he was, had badly misinformad him.
Where there is false information of that sort it does damage to the image of the country. This damages the economic interests of the country and damages all of us as individuals. It would be unfair that such false information be disseminated and it is nacessary for the preservation of the fair name of the country, that such impressions be corrected.
To give you another personal experience, it so
happens that a new book of mine on Human Rights was released last week by Penguins, and the publishers had arranged for me to be inrerviewed by various radio stations. At one radio station, While was waiting to be interviewed, an employee of the broadcasting station who looked at the front page of the book rather jocularly said to me, "How can Sri Lankans, east of all the Sinhalese, talk about human rights 2 ''
it is a great disservice on the part of მnybody VwከO creates such an impression because what has happened recently is only an aberration. It is by moans symptomatic of the normal way in which Sri Lankans live together, and have lived together, in amity for a thousand years. We have lived together as communities side by side with each other for So long and don't think it is fair that we should be judged upon a recent aberration that does not in any way represent the true position of the vast majority. That true position is reflected in the fact that during the recent unfortunate rioting hundreds of Sinhalese homes, often at great risk to themselves and sometimes at great cost, sheltered hundreds of Tamils families who were their friends and neighbours. These are the true expressions of how the communities feel for each other-acts which most Tamil Sri Lankans in Sri Lanka will remember.
1 would suggest that the overseas Sri Lankan Tamil community can use its restraining influence to dis
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courage the dissemintion of such propaganda. It is a respected community, respresenting a substantial share of the cream of Tamil intellectual achievement in our generation, and wields great influence. The hot-headedness of youth and idealism needs wise guidance and there is no source of Wisdom and guidance Tamil youth would take to more kindly than the voice of this community. As with the young insurrectionists of 1971, so also some of the misguided Tamil youth who are now resorting to violence, are potentially among the flower of our youth. Cannot their creative energies be channelled into activities more conducive to the future of their community and the well being of their country?
MISLEADING PROPAGAN DA of the sort have mentioned can give these youths an encouragement to pursue violence as well as a false sense of confidence and can thus continue to worsen the current problem. It also has the after effect of incensing the Sinhalese population. Overseas Tamil Sri Lankans are thus in a position of high trust and responsibility and and appeal to them to use their influence wisely. All that has been said is not in any Way a condonation of what has happened during the recent disturbances. Just as the violence of the Tigers is to be condemned so also there must be an unequivocal condemnation of what the Sinhalese rioters have done.
People have not merely been murdered but have been burnt alive. Property built up for a lifetime has been destroyed. People have been brutally tortured. Some have been battered to death. Parents have seen children being killed before their eyes. Children have seen parents killed before their eyes. Scars for life have bee created in the minds of those children. There has been humiliation and insult. A major public library has been burnt. Well, all these things have got to be faced, and it will not do just to Say it must have been a mob, it must have been Some group, it must have been somebody else who did it--we must be frank enough to consider that all this recoils on the Sinhalese people. It is one vast indictment that has been served om them ; upon their public figures, upon their political leaders, upon their religious leaders, upon their professional leaders, upon them all, because they have failed in leadership and in example, if those whom they claim to lead have departed so violently from the basic precepts they were taught. All members of the Sinhalese community, including each one of the Sinhalese amongst us are shares of the guilt.
To be continued
مناسبی SARVODAYADECLARATION-3
On Degeneration
7. Removai of Causes of Degeneration. W ww.
While we accept the fact that mere political solutions alone are inadequate to re-establish National
22

Peace and Harmony, and that even the laying of the foundation to the political solutions as well as the arresting of present problems from becoming even more complicated could bo done. by first removing the causal factors which led to the common degeneration of our society and accepting that,
Firstly as responsible citizens we should re
establish our Value System, and
Secondly: reform the present educational system
fully, and
Thirdly regenerate the Social respect for moral
and ethical codes, and
Fourthly usher in a Suitable climate in the country for the State law to be effective justly and impartially devoid of interferences, and
Fifthly to promotestability, discipline and peace
in society not only the leadership of politica. parties and political leaders, but also equally, the community leadership of the spiritual and other organisations as wel must be re-established and
Sixthly: the public service including Defence
Services should be given the freedom to be effective inkeeping with the law of Righteousness and the State Law, unhindered by interferences and
Seventh/y: instead of blindly accepting the Western economic style with open arms, we should re-establish a suitable economic life style which is deep, simple, plain and in-keeping with, a sustinal be life style, specially promoting the psychological Well-being of the younger generation, and
Eighth/y: instead of the party political system
which is a western prodcut and a primary factor for degeneration and many problems in present society, an alternative, political System in keeping with our values and needs, should be created without any further delay, and for this cause we pledge ourselves to contribute constructively.
8. Way of Removing the Causs of Degeneration.
As it is a well known fact that whatever the aforementioned causes may be the responsibility for the incidents that took place in the past justly and unjustly, through various mass media, the world blame
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Page 25
and the responsibility for the incidents that took place in the past, has been thrust upon the Sinhala Buddhist public and their spiritual leadership, the Venrable Maha Sangha, and
what-ever the Veracity, or otherwise of this pronouncement may be, and though the fault may lie with the complex political factors or any other Sectors, and v
as we too are of 'the opinion that the onus of responsibility for redeeming the present society from its state of degeneration mainly rests
with the Sinhala Buddhists,
We accept that the first step should be the adoption of necessary measures to give leadership to the Buddhist public for fashioning their social,economic and political life along the spiritual, moral and cultural values, under the leadership of the Maha Sangha.
Secondly. While agreeing with the fact that
it is the Tamil Hindu population that has got registered in the world opinion as the victims of crimes committed, for that very reason alone, it is primarily the Sinhala Buddhist Community that should offer protection and brotherhood to the Tamil Hindu Community, a BuddhistHindu Brotherhood Promotion Programme should be launched, and
Thirdly: as there is no intrinsic difference in the
spiritual laws and moral fundamentals embodied im Buddhist–Hindu teachimgs as well as the teachings of Christian and islamic doctrines which lead to Social peace and brotherhood, and as values have to be resuscitated Starting with family life to arrest mational degeneration,
we agree that leaders of all religions should unitedly take the van guard to re-direct the people to observe Moral Laws and
Fourthly: as various groups have publicised
various types of reports om difficulties and obstacles they are Subjected to as well as the Rights and Privileges the various communities possess, in order to prove their points of view both within and outside the Country, and as most of these, instead of portraying a true pictura, and helping to arrive at a settlement for national integrity, have widended the existing rift xetween the Sinhala and Tamil Communities, while We emphasise the importance of finding true facts from a stance beyond narrow communalism, and resting on scientific and humanitarian laws aiming at a search for Truth,
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983

we agree that the only motive for searching and using these facts is to bring about a free co-existance for the entire Sri Lankan Community, as citizens justly enjoying equal rights, irrespective of inherent differences, using human and natural resources to
improve the quality of life. and,
Fifthly: We agree that,
whether we consider from a human or economic perspective or from the need to exist harmoniously with our neighbour state, india, the prime duty of the community of Sri Lankan descent, is to integrate the Plantation Communities of India Origin possessing Sri Lankan Citizenship, with the local village Communities, and Subsquently with the Sri Lankan Community, in every aspect, as One National and,
Sixthly. We agree with
the importance of focussing special attention on Tamil families and other communities living in majority Tamil areas, and accepting them, and protecting them im brotherhood, respecting their language and culture, assisting to nurture them, and integrating with them as One Sri Lankan Nation, and,
Seventhly: We agree with
the importance of the Tamil Community focussing their special attention on Sinhala families and other communities living im majority Tamil areas and acepting them and protecting them in brotherhood respecting their language and culture, assisting to nurture them and integrating with them as One Sri Lankan Nation, and,
Eighthly We agree with
the need for an immediate investigation into violations or denials of Human Rights of any Community, in any part of the country, politically, socially, economically, culturally, administratively or due to weknesses of Security Services, a and to rectify them immediately, im keeping vNith the Universal Declaration of human Rights of the United Nations, and the Fundamental Rights enshrined in the Constitution of Sri Lanka, and,
Ninthly. We agree that
even when taking steps to stabilise Law and Peace of the Land, if individuals or groups, acting outside the realms of Law, commit any violent anti-state, anti-constitutional
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activity, there is a need for taking corrective steps in a mammer that the Human Rights of innocent citizens are not threatened, and in a way, to unify the respectability of the State Law and the Social Nom, and at the same time, agreeing to it that there is the need to establish awe, or the law-abiding quality, in the people towards the State Law and Peace, we emphasize the importance of obtaining People's Assistance and Participation in the maintenance of the same, and,
Tenth/y: We emphsize
the importance of reviewing the present Economic System and its Processes and the immediate commencement of an Economic Philosophy and process, in keeping with the National requirements and Values, and,
Eleventhly. We emphasize
the importance of the Business Community
using their expertise and other facilities to remove various economic causes and obstacles of the common people and becoming partners of National Development in a broader and more resonable manner of uplifting the living standards of rural. farming and working communities, and,
Twelfthly: We stress
that the country has entered an opportune period today to change the party and power-oriented political system considered by most as the main cause of dis-trust, differences, Sectarianism and other vicious obstacles Operating im present Society, and to study and recommend processes of ushering in an alternate democratic system of administration capable of fostering Mutual Confidence, Friendship, - Brotherhood and Peace, and to focuss the attention of intelligent, patriotic people to create institutional methods, whereby the maximum participation of the Common People can be realised within the
Unitary Frame of the State of Sri Lanka.
To be Continued.
LETTER IN THE 'SUN", 18/10/83 Disturbances in Matale
Sir
The people of Matale especially the Sinhalese are really worried over the hundreds of Tamils settled
24

here for years, some for generations, leaving for India. In one way their actions are justified. They are all indian Tamils. They had nothing to say of Eelam or separation of Jaffna. They were not interested and did not want to be interested. In short the Tamils and Sinhalese of Matale lived as brothers. for generations.
However within recent years with the coming of gem traders communal disturbances have arisem, and seem to be rising. We have proof that it was tha gem traders who created troubles setting fire and looting 1amils shops. The Police seems to have worked hand in hand. And a retired Army chief had sought thu assistances of some police officers watching the burning of houses near his house to help him to put off the fire. Even some of the army boys who followed the police were called by him. They turned their backs. The police seem to have withdrawn when the army came.
If the police or other authorities cannot trace the origins of the troubles let the entire police force get transferred and the people of Matale Who are interested in the town and the inhabitants of Matale will give a detailed account of all the troubles through the columns of the "SUN". It is the people of Matale whostsnd to suffer today as the city is in the hands
of-hooligans and thugs.
S. Mahatun
VlcsELß ፩ኅ...g0ዘßወዖ፥ جبگٹیجہ
Pakistan Cricket
PAKSTAN CRICKET which of late has been in a spot has run into serious trouble with the resignation of the Selection Committee. This time the row has been over the selection of the tour party to Australia in December. Members of the Selection Committee headed by Chairman Haseeb Ahasan have resigned in protest at what they called "the arbitrary decision of the Cricket Board's Council members in the final choice of the team'. The Board of Control for Pakistan named a 16 member party to tour Australia and Chairman of the Selection Committee Ahsan called a hurried conference for the Press and said
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983
Matale.

Page 27
the Council members had made changes in the team submited by the panel of selectors. The debonair Nur Khan, President of the BCCP, said however that the BCCP had full powers to modify the selections made by the Seletion Committee, According to Ahasan, Chairman of the Selectors, the main dispute was over skipper Imran Khan, He said the selectors wanted mran to undergo a fitness test before being included in the tour party. However, mran who could not bowl flat out in the Irecent World Cup cricket toruney was named captain over Zaheer Abbas who led the Paskitanis against the Indians in the recent drawn cricket Series. One
Selection Committee member said he agreed with
the action of the Chairman of the Selection Committee, but as he was serving in the Pakistan Army he could not tender his resignation, ,
The 16-member tour party will play Five Tests against Australia and later compete in a triangula one-day series with hosts Australia and the West indies. Star batsman Zaheer Abbas will be deputy to mran on this tour. Chairman Ashan said the Council, in selecting the team, had adopted double Standards in the selection of Imran Khan without any trials, after it made medium fast bowler Sarfraz Nawaz show up for the Tests several times before finally rejecting him for the just completed Indian tour. However BCCP President Nur Khan said the council was unanimous in naming Imran captain for the tour of Australia. 'Imran is fully fit and We think he will perform well in Australia as he is a great allrounder. He is most suitable for the job and the BCCP has full confidence in his leadership qualities', said the President of the BCCP. The Tour party announced by the BCCP reads: "Imran Khan (Captain), Zaheer Abbas (Vice Capt.); Mohsin Khan, Mudassara, Miandad, Wasim Raja, Oasim Umer, Mamsoor ʻ Akgthar, Azim Hafeez Thair Naqqash, Atiq Ur-Rehman, Rashid Kham, Mohamed Nazir (Jnr.) Wasim Bari, Ashraf Ali and Abdul Ouadir. It is a pity that Pakistan cricket is always beset with problems. Even when Sri Lanka toured that country for a Three Test series dissatis faction that is rampant in the Pakistan Cricket Board reared its ugly head. When the Sri Lankan cricketers arrived in Pakistam in April 1982 several of Pakistan's outstaing cricketers such as Imran Khan Majid Khan Mohsin Khan Zaheer Abbas and several others made it known that they were not prepared to play under capatain elect Javed Miandad. But the BCCP under retired Air Marshal Nur Khan stood its ground and were adamant that Miandad should remain as captain for the Test series against Sri Lanka. Howeve Miandad showed sportsman-ship and instead of wanting to disrupt Pakistan cricket agreed to play under Imran Khan after the series against Sri Lanka was completed. Pakistan has the material to reach the top in international cricket. The cricket world is indeed surprised at these petty quarrels among
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983 ·

the Paistanis which has gone to bring down their standing in World Cricket. The uncertainty among the Pakistani cricketers is sure to surface again during the tour of Australia. If it does it is their cricket that is going to suffer.
IN THE MEANTIME, the Pakistani cricketers led by Zaheer Abbas returned home after a drawn series against India and this is what the skipper Said "We went to India as underdcgs and ended the series enjoying the upper hand in at least two Tests. That is not bad for a team that was considered Second rate'. Zaheer was hurt that his team was underated before it embarked on the tour and said: "I had promised to give in. a tough fight. It is apparent from our performances that we did carry the fight into the rival camp.' He said some big names were missing and at times "We missed a strike bowler. But he said he was Satisfied with the overal performance of the team. An upsetting feature in the foreign cricket scene was the sacking of former England opening batsman Geoff Boycott by his County club Yorkshire after serving the club for 21 long and distinguished years. Boycott who had always been a controversial cricketer has had brushed with the Yorkshire Committee several times and his sacking apprently was brought about with his brush with Team Manager and former England skipper Ray Illingworth. However, it is understood that Boycott's sacking will be given a second thought by the Yokshiremen and that he would be signed on for one year more. Boycott has been an outstanding success for England as an opening batsman. His only fault has been that he is a very slow rungetter and this is not innthe best interests of the team and the game. The West Indies who are in India revenged their Prudential Trophy defeat by India by beating them on a faster run rate in the First Oneday ternational played at Srinagar recently. Openers Gordon Greenidge and Desmond Haynes underlined their efficienty as opening batsmen to slam 109 in 22.4 overs and best the Indians who had scored 176 in 41.Y overs. For the West indies Greenidge made 44 m.o. and Haynes 55 m.o., Srikanth 40,
ON THE LOCAL SCENE the Nationalised Service six-a-side cricket tourney was worked out and Petroleum Corporation showed that they are number one in this type of game and took the 'A' Division title beating Ceylon Oxygen in the finals The chief guest at the finals was the President of the Board of Control for Cricket in Sri Lanka, Mr. Gamini Dissanayake. The six-a-side tourney which was worked out in four divisions saw Ceramics take the B Division title beating SLBC; Timber Corporation took the C title beating Oxygen and Salt Corporation took the D division beating insurance Corporation. All in all the tourney conducted in three venues at the Colts, the BRC and the Reid Avenue proved a resound. ing success. The organisers have promised a
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brighter and bigger tourney next year. In the local swimming scene there is no stopping young Julian Bolling. His record, 20 wins in 20 events in two outings at two meets, the National Swimming and Diving Championships and the Intermediate Championship meet. In the last-named meet held at the Josephian pool, Bolling swimming in the colours of his school Royal, helped his school to push out Dolphin Aquatic Club and win the overal championship. But this year no other club could get near Royal as Bolling, swimming in all ten events, won with east to engrave Royal's name on the coveted trophy. Royal scored 154 points and Dolphin Aquatic Club was second with 142 points. While Bolling won all his ten events another swimmer to impress Was Taruni Corea from Ladies College. She won Seven events at the age group meet repeating her Success in women's events at the National Championships.
ON TO FOOTBALL it is understood that there are moves to call all Soccer greats of the past for a meeting and probably form a body opposing the Football Board which has been nominated by the Minister of Sports, Mr. Vincent Perera. It will be interesting to see how this will be done. The cry to form an opposing body apprently cropped up after Sri Lanka's poor showing against the South Koreans recently. Thee is no doubt that the game has not improved and that drastic action must be taken to improve standards. Meanwhile, that great Brazilian footballer and the greatest ever of the world of football has seen pese has called for changes in the rules of the game to combat violence on the field. Speaking on French Television he said: "We must all, and FIFA (the governing body for football) President Jeao Havelenge above all think about the future of our sport. A sport or at least most Sport have modified rules and only those in football have undergome no modification. It is time to change the rules because it is essential to do something against violence and to enable football to continue to offer as the emotions which are goals' Words of wisdom spoken . by one who strode the football field like a colossus and knows what he is speaking about.
ALLROUNDER
EC EC
SPORT'S CHRONICLE
October 10-16
MOWDAY, OCTOBER 10. In a final which failed to live up to expectations Bloomfield beat NCC by six wickets to become the First Holders of the Bristol Trophy at the SSC grounds yesterday. It was Bloomfield's second win this. Under 25 - Limited
26

over tournament; they won it in the Inaugural year 1980 when it wss played for the Honda Trophy: NCC 74 and Bloomfield 78. York Sports Club entered the quarter finals of the FA Cup Soccer Tournament when they beat Colombo Municipality by 6 goals to 3 in a Second Round match played at the Sports Ministry Grounds yesterday after leading 3 - 0 at half, time. Panadura SC scored an easy fisrt immings win ovr Malay CC in their Pure Beverages Trophy Cricket Tournament match on the Esplanade yesterday: Panadura SC 203 for 5 in 36 overs and Malay CC 84 all out in 37.1 overs. Gunner E. K. W. Gunawardena of the 4th Regiment, Sri Lanka Artillery gave a fine performance in winning three events at the Army Athletic Championships concluded at Police Park, Bambalapitiya yesterday.
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 11 : A four off the last ball of the day by M. Z. M. Wazeer (44 mot out) saw Aslams score a thrilling 3 wickets win over Gestetners in a limited over (30 overs) cricket match on the NCC grounds: Gestetners 129 in 28.4 overs and Aslams 133 for 7 in 30 overs. A good bowling performance in Siddika Silva (4 for 17) and a fine umbeaten knock of 31 by B. Wijewickrema helped St. Thomas College, Gurutalawa to Score a three wicket win, innthe first innings over Trinity College Kandy im am under 13 cricket match played recently: Trinity 102 and S, T. C. Gurutalawa 124 for 7 declared.
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 12: Spinners R Wickremasinghe (3 for 5) and S. Liyanage (3 for 7 ) helped Bambalapitiya Flats Sports Club beat Seven Stars SC Kohuwala by 27 runs in a cricket match played recently at Prisons grounds, Borella: BFSC 87 and Seven Stars SC 59. Ceylon Tours gained a 15 run victory in their 35 over limited cricket match against Air Lanka Catering Services at St. Peters grounds i om Sunday : Ceylon Tours 134 all out in 34.4 overs and Air Lanka Catering Services 119 for 9 in 35 overs. A goal in each half carried The Soviet Union to a comfortable 2-0 win over Poland at Moscow yesterday and almost certainly into the European Soccer Championships Finals in France next year. Malaysia beat Saudi Arabia 3-1 last night in a group three match of the Asia-Oceania pre-Olympic football qualifying round. The Saudis, fresh from their 1 - 1 draw against Indonesia last week an an ear.Yer 2-1 victory over India, were dangerous on the break.
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 13: Matara Sports Club registered two victories inthe Pure Beverages Troph crickettroumament when the defeated United Southern CC and Kalutara TC on the first innings; both matches were played at Marara. Beat United Southern CC on the first inningz: United Southern CC 1st 1 mmings 108 all out in 46.5 over and Matara SC 1st innings 111 for 8 ickets at close in 34.1 overs. Best Kalu
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tara Town Club on the first innings: Kalutara TC 1st innings 96 all out and Matara SC 1st innings 100 for 7 declared in 36 overs. Kennedy Sports Club, Kandy beat Young United Sports Club, Gampola 2 - 1 in an exhibition soccer match palyed at the Bogambara Stadium on Sunday; at half time the score was 1 a. Willie Baresenbach with 34 points won the A Division of the Extra Monthly Medal of the Royal Colombo Golf Club sponsored by Air Laka Catering Services on Saturday at the Ridgeways; Ana Punchihewa was runner up with 33 points. Unbeaten Akbar Bros beat Pure Beverages by 91 runs in a Mercantile F Division match played on Saturday at the MCA grounds and have now qualified for the Final Round: Akbar Bros: 183 in 48.3 overs and Pure Beverages 92 in 36 overs.
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 14: St. Anthony's College, Katugastota Scored a 40 run first innings win over St. Annes College, Kurunegala, in their under 13 pre- - tournament cricket match played at Katugastota recently: St. Anthony's College, 143 for 7 declared and St. Annes College 103 all out. St. Anthony's College, Katugastora scored a 31 run first innings win over Maliyadeva College, Kurumegala in their pre-tournament under 13 cricket match played at Katugastota recently: Maliyadeva College 99 all out and St. Anthony's College 130 all out. Hently Garments Ltd., defeated James Finlay by 5 wickets in a Mercantile Service E Division cricket match played at the MCA grounds last Sunday: James Finlay 51 off 18.3 overs and Hentleys 52 for 5 off 21 overs. The match betwenn Polonnaruwa DCC and Colpetty CC in the Pure Beverages Trophy cricket tournament ended in a mo decision at Polonnaruwa recently, Colpetty CC 214 for 9 declared and Polonnaruwa DCC 63 for 3 at clos. A good all round performance by H. Y. de Silva (62 and 3 for 36) helped Rio SC Ambalangoda score an easy first innings victory over Navy in their Pure Beverages Trophy cricket tournament match played at Ambalangoda ; Navy 177 for 7 in 55 overs and Rio SC 216 for 8 in 50 overs.
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 15. The Thomian batsmen Went on a run-spree against Richmond in their cricket match at Mt. Lavinia yesterday; Bulankulame led the onslaught with 107; A. Seneviratne hit 59 and J. Jayaratne 42 not out and S. Thomas declared at 229 for 3; Richmond were 23 for no loss when play ended at 3 p.m. B. Taiwatte top socred with 80 (14 fours ) as Dharmaraja scored 315 in their cricket match against Dharmapala, Pannipitiya at Lake View yesterday; Dharmapala were 76 for 2 at close of play. Medium paceman V. G. Priyantha took 5 for 40 as Isipatana bowled out Wesley for 136 and scored 110 for 4 at close of play in the match at Campbell Park yesterday. St. Anthonys's crushed
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983

Vidyartha by an innings and 73 runs at the Police Grounds. Kandy yesterday: St. Anthony's 291 for 1 wicket dec. and Vidayartha 63 for 3 continued 109.
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 16 . Set to make 173 runs for victory in one hour plus the 20 mandatory overs, the Benedictines ran short of time and were nine runs short of their target-164 for 3 wickets at close of relay intheir inter school cricket match against Trinity at Asgiriya yesterday: Trinity 168 and St. Benedicts 132. The Dharmaraja--Dharmapaia interschool cricket match ended in a tame draw yesterday at Lake View, Kandy: Dharmaraja 315 and 170 for 3 wickets at close and Dharmapala 76 for 2 wickets continued all out 238. Wesley held Isiptatna to a draw in their inter school cricket match which ended yesterday at Campbell Park. Wesley 136 and 158 for 7 at close and Isipatana MV 110 for 4 wickets overnight 241 for 9 dec. The St. Peters A vs Sri Jayawardenapura MV interschool cricket match ended in a tame draw at Bambalapitiya yesterday with only the first innings played: St. Peters A 185 for 7 and Sri Jayawardenapura MV 187 for 9 wickets at close.
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Page 30
CONFIDENT ALLY Cows For Slaughter?
is in Nor A FACT that public attention is today mainly centred around the problems of the Tamil minority on the one hand and the economic difficulties facing the country on the other? That in spite of this there is also much concern and disquiet about the exports of cattle, especially cows to a Middle East country? That Tribune had turned the Spotlight on this question im July when the first export shipment was ready ? That with a ban placed on that shipment and the July disturbances, we had turned to other pressing matters of importance? That it was later reported that the first shipment had been effected inspite of the ban, during the confusion that followed the holocaust and that a second shipment was being readied? That Tribune's Sherlock Holmes had once again taken up the problem of cattle exports last week? That this column too had published the
first part of a report sent to Sherlock Holmes by a recognized veterinary and livestock expert (who for understandable reasons has choosen to remain annonymous) ? That below we publish the concluding part of his report: "The other facts which have emerged are that Ministry officials attempted to mislead all concemed saying that the exports were to Saudi Arabia when in fact the permit shows th? destination as Sharjah, U.A.E. The Customs documents were sent to show that the shipment was for Hassan L. Ackba, P. O. Box 5061, Sharjah for $54,000 for 15, 000 kg (1000 head cows) that is Rs. 8/40 a kg. The cows are being purchased by the colombo Wholesale Butchers Agents who allegedly paid Rs. 5/- live-weight a kg. It is the same rate at which the same Agents supply slaughter cattle to Colombo. The Government farms sell Culled animals for beef at Rs. 5/50 a kg. The Shipping Agent is Nagur Meera and the Shipper is said to be one Fernando, of St. Anthony's Road, Negombo, who it is alleged has a good friend at the Ministry. The authorities might investigate whether this same Fernando was om a Government job in Abu Dhabi and was recalled by the Government on a complaint by the UAE Government. The export price f.o.b. being paid for a an indigenous cow is the beef price of Rs. 750/-. For breeding these same animals will cost Rs. 1,500/- to Rs. 2,000- depending om the milk yield. If these are indeed for breding, the cattle owners are being fleeced. Nowhere im the World are breeding animals purchased by Wholesa'e Butchers Agents. The usual procedure would be through quotations or tender, phenotypic specifications and age and we ght stipulated, selection quarantine and veerinary certificate of health. No breeder anywhere in the World will import livestock with out a certif cate of health. In Sri Lanka this authority is vested in the Chief Government Veerinary Officer or by the Animal Disease Ordiance, Amendment 1958. Brucellosis, a disease causing abortion and still birth
28

is rampant in the Eastern Province and is spreading becau(e of the ban of the slaughter of cows. Why didn't the importer obtain such a certificate if it was for breeding?'
THAT THE REPORT TO SHERLOCK HOLMES
THEN GOES ON TO SAY, 'This is perhaps a unique occasion in the world where a breeder is importing . what are essentially draught cattle for a Middle East country which hasn't a single cattle draught unit whether a cart or a plough. A country motivated to modernisation om fossil fuel technology of which it has a surplus. Two of the most modern multi-million dollar dairies in the world are in the Middle East one constructed by Alfa Lavel and the other by United. Dairies. Each carries a 1,000 cows of the best Fresian and Holstein-Fresian cattle in the world. in airconditioned units of 250 head and fully automated. Is it even remotely possible that Arab wealth which enjoys the best in the world would buy and pay shipping costs which are more than the cost of animals for non-decript indigenous cattle of poor genetic merit for breeding? Is it not more logical that the purchase of these animals by wholesale butcher agents at the usual local rprice for beef was actually intended for slaughter, to reach Sharjah before Ramazan P Bad organisation caused delays and aborted the project. P. Mahadevan in his 'Bree
ding For Milk Production in Tropical Cattle“ (1966), demonstrated on the basis of 15 years of research that the Sinhala cattle had no genetic merit whatsover for breeding by selection for milk, production. The majority of indigenous cattle in the East and Dry Zone are non-decript of diverse cross-bred origin and have no genetic merit whatever for breeding by selection. These are good hardy draught animals and when selected are useful as mother cows to obtain cross, bred off-spring bred to better diary breeds for the rural farmers in the Dry Zone Although a Ministry spokesman has claimed in the Daily News of 25.6.83. that these animals are adaptable to desert conditions, we have no deserts in Sri Lanka. How preposterious one can get. Has Sri Lania banned cow slaughter in order to create a stirplus for export or to multipsy the foundation stock breeding animals for our projects starved of breeding Stock '?
IS IT NOT TRUE that while cows are being exported, obviouly for slaughter, this country is beim 6 starved of liquid milk? That even in the capital city of Colombo. the Milk Board is not able to Supply pasturised liquid milk–in sachets or bottes-to meet even restricted demand 2 That in the last fortnight there weie at least five days when no liquid pasturised milk was available ? That mamy wonder whether this is part of the subversion to place the County at the mercies of fore gn exporters of milk powder and other milk products? That whether the local importer is the CWE or Nestles or anyone else, such imports contribute to a major ou.flow of foreign exchange?
TRIBUNE, OCTOBER 29, 1983

Page 31
TENDER
MNSTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMEN
DEPARTMEMT
TENDER for the Construction of N Project at Karapitiya, Galle will be rece Board of Local Government, Housir Colombo 1. up to 10,00 a.m. on Wednes
Tender Forms could be inspec Construction Engineer, New Hospital p.m. on 03.11.1983. Tenderers shou Letter' holders of the Department oi 3,000,000/- and evidence of same s Tender Forms. A refundable Tender at the Department of Buildings or any receipt produced for issue of Tender
Tenders will be opened immedia of tenders, Tenderers or their authoris the time of opening of tenders.
Tenders in respect of private of the current Directors and the Shareho Tenderers should declare the names
Any further particulars could be
Department of Buildings, P. O. Box. 504, Colombo. 1.
19.10, 1983.
Printed and Published by S. P. Amarasingam at 43 Dawsom Street Colomb

NOTICE
rHousING AND CONSTRUCTION. OF BUILDINGS.
Jrse's Ouarters for the New Hospital ived by the Chairman, Ministry Tender ng & Construction, ''Tranworks House day 09.11.1983.
ited and/or obtained from the Chief | Project Karapitiya, Galle up to 4.15 ld be registered contractors or Trail Buildings for a sum of above Rs. should. be produced before issue of Deposit of Rs. 250/- should be paid Kachcheri outside Colombo and the Forms.
tely after the time and date of closing ed representatives may be present at
Companies should declare the names
lders and in regard to Public Company
of current Directors.
obtained from the above Engineer.
K. C. Samaraweera . Director of Buildings
for Tribune Publications at Tribune Printers o 2 om October 29, 1983

Page 32
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