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邮 pり *E 比 !oss GÐ SE 知 知
O
Violence Against Wic
Actions and Responses
 

Compiled by Bhawani Loganathan
With a Foreword by Radnika CoOmaraswamy

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Page 3
An Annotated
O
Violence Against Wo Actions and

Bibliography
men in South Asia Responses

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Page 5
An Annotated
O
Violence Against W Actions and
Compi Bhawani L
With a Fo
Dr. Radhika C
International Centr Colo

Bibliography
omen in South Asia
| Responses
led By oganathan
reword By
oomaraswamy
e for Ethnic Studies mbo

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International Centre for Ethnic S 2 Kynsey Terrace, Colombo 8, Sri I
Copyright (C) 2006 February by International Centre for Ethnic Stuc
ISBN: 955-580-104-4
Printed by Unie Arts (Pvt) Ltd No. 48 B, Bloemendhal Road Colombo 13

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Page 9
CON
Foreword by Dr. Radhika Coomar
Introduction
The Presentation of Bibliographic
Abbreviations
1.0 National and Non-Government:
Actions and Responses
1.1 Bangladesh 1.2 Bhutan 1.3 India 1.4 Maldives 1.5 Nepal 1.6 Pakistan 1.7 Sri Lanka
2.0 Collective Actions and Respon
by SAARC Nations
Index
Authors
Conferences & Workshops
Periodicals used in the Bibliograp,
Acknowledgement

TENTS
aswamy
Information
al Initiatives,
SCS
hy
νίίί
xi
xii
43 49 18S 187 229 289
376
402 402 4 15
422
425

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Fore
Violence Against Women is an issue addressed in numerous ways over the drawn enormous energy and concern fr this bibliography is a timely contribu to the different forms of gender based During my years as UN Special l many of my visits in the South Asian forms in which women are subjected to violence, to workers rights being c harassment in the workplace, to public because of armed, ethnic and religiou Reflecting on the scholarly writ in South Asia will reveal the very ( feminists in the South Asian region har gender based violence. Feminists in ti kinds of violence I have mentioned al on these issues, more and more wome raise their voices and take the necess. been shelters for battered women, legal saying violence is absolutely unacce who need support to overcome the dec More and more women have em and conflict areas as survivors today. T from all parts of the world speaking out against these atrocities was one su This bibliography then captures and campaigns. It is an important step hope that this will be a useful docume comes to their future work. Therefo Loganathan for her hard work over the publication together.
Radhika Coomaraswamy February 2006.

Word
that feminists all over the world have last two decades. It is an issue that has om feminists in South Asia also. Hence, ion that reflects actions and responses violence in the South Asian region. apporteur on Violence Against Women region confirmed to me the numerous violence. These include from domestic uelly disregarded because of sexual harassment on the streets, to violence s conflicts. ten work and the activism of feminists :omplex and nuanced ways in which ve come to understand the categories of he region have carefully studied all the pove. As a result of awareness raising -n have had the courage and support to ary steps to end violence. There have amendments that have sent clear signals otable, counselling centres for women 2p trauma of living with violence. rged from battered homes, workplaces he tribunal in Vienna in 1994 of women out about their suffering and speaking ch important moment. this activism and some of these efforts toward documenting these efforts. We nt for researchers and activists when it re, I am deeply grateful to Bhawani last three years in putting this valuable
ii

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IntrOd
Around the world, at least one wom violence in her lifetime. In South Asia, the numbers seems so large that the missing in the region seems not sur women in South Asia are in 'crisis' and the world occur in this region.
Gender-based violence consists by psychological maltreatment and se as "...any act that results in, or is li. psychological harm of suffering to W coercion or arbitrary deprivation of l private life." Gender violence occurs from threats of foeticide in the pre-nal sexual abuse, married women victimiz facing physical abuse. Statistics on ma Asia show that gender violence has as particular their mental and reproducti Many cultures in South Asia l "normal', condoning or tolerating the from a rigid, patriarchal conviction o views on the roles and responsibilities the family, unequal and hierarchical clear demarcations of sex roles and th Violence against women is a de human right violation. Social custom of South Asia institute gender violenc the State. As such, these pervasive cult rights to life, food, work, shelter, health integrity and political participation. I to negotiate their rights, in order to co by their employers and, or male coun Over three decades, women's/h have been active in combating violen attention to these issues in global and human rights issue. However, state in effective implementation of legislatic support from dominant interest group As part of a research project on this compilation sheds light on legisl remedies provided for victims, along violence in the region. While relating

uction
an in every three faces gender-based one in every two women faces violence,
estimate that 50 million women are prising. A recent survey reveals that that one third of all maternal deaths in
of physical abuse, often accompanied xual brutality. Globally this is defined kely to result in, physical, sexual or 'omen, including threats of such acts, iberty, whether occurring in public or throughout a woman's life, ranging cal stage, adolescents facing the risk of zed by family violence, to aged women ternal morbidity and mortality in South ignificant impact of women's health, in ve faculties. egitimize violence against women as issue. Justification for violence stems f gender norms that leads to distorted of men and women in relationships. In gender relationships manifest itself as e sexual division of labour. structive, yet under-recognised form of s and attitudes in patriarchal Societies e at all levels - family, community and ures have eroded women's fundamental l, reproductive ability, security, physical n workplaces, women constantly need ope with sexual harassment perpetrated erparts. uman rights groups all over the world ce against women. This has resulted in regional policy debates as a health and nterventions to protect women through on have been weakened by the lack of s within the community. violence against women in South Asia, ations, policies, programmes, effective with challenges faced to combat such to the efficiency of such mechanisms
ix

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and their efforts to change existing soc the information relates to the mobil community and society to gain awaren to victims of violence and to build pop bodies to formulate and implement regional efforts.
The bibliography pays speci reproductive health care providers wh caring for the victims of gender violen reproductive health and sexual well-b policies, appropriate training of healt understanding on how violence and pov health and decision-making abilities, emotional and security needs of abuse to efforts made in terms of health care for a comprehensive health care of vic In this volume, the chapters f regionally. Responses and affirmative from a wide range of resources such training manuals, monographs, brochu sites and films that relate to positive penalizing its perpetrators and providin The information draws in initiati organizations, social movements, com law practitioners, national action pla educational institutions, work places enforcers and armed forces.
Based at ICES, Colombo, it had information on South Asia. However has been gathered from available printthrough search engine http://www.g process began in 2002, accessing appro which some web articles are no long entries are kept in the bibliography as guidelines for further search by users. A to help readers for quick reference.
I sincerely hope that this annota of identifying gender violence and enl measures to combat the issue at all l region. It is my hope that this publica programmers, community workers, ge engaged in the process of eliminating
Bhawani Loganathan. January 2006.

|al and individual attitudes on the issue, ization of all sections of the family, 2ss on gender injustice, provide support ular pressure on the State and regional gender-equitable policies, as national,
al attention to initiatives made by to have a long-term responsibility of ce, which in turn has a major impact on 2ing. Arising out of appropriate health n care personnel could develop a clear verlessness affect women's reproductive with a better response to the physical, d women and girls. This volume relates rovisions and integrated health systems tims of violence.
urnish information country-wise and actions in South Asia have been gathered as news clippings, periodicals, reports, res, pamphlets, posters, electronic web actions on the prevention of violence, g protection/support to victims of abuse. ves and efforts made by women's munity groups, human rights activists, ns, justice systems, health care sector, popular media, religious bodies, law
been a difficult task to collect regional to the best of my ability, information resources as well as web sites, accessed google.com. The information seeking )ximately a decade of documents, among er accessible to users. However, these the information is valuable and provide A comprehensive author index is annexed
ted bibliography will serve the purpose nancing the implementation of effective avels -home, community, state and the tion will helpful to law makers, policy nder/human rights activists and all those
violence against women.

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THE PRESENTATION OF BIB
The entries in this bibliography are a such as news clippings, periodicals, r brochures, pamphlets, posters, electror the description of the documents have rules:
Author(s), individuals or corporate, ha there are more than one author, the fi ''et al.'
Titles have been printed in italics
Titles of periodicals and web addresse
Titles of generic units (titles of the co chapter has been cited) have been pri
Place of the publication, if unknown,
Name of the author(s), if unknown, is
Edition = Ed., Volume =Vol., Number
Number of pages as p.
Bibliographies as biblio., References

LOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
abstracted from a variety of resources eports, training manuals, monographs, lic web sites and audiovisuals, in which
been made according to the following
ve been printed in bold. In cases where rst one has been selected, followed by
es have been underlined
nference or book, in which the article, hted in Arial fonts
is given as [s.l) = sine loco.
given as s. n = sine nominee.
= No.
as ref.; Illustration as ill.
Χί

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ABBREV
Advisory Council of International Aff Agro-Forestry Basic Health and Co-op Ain O Salish Kendro All India Democratic Women's Associ All India Institute of Hygiene & Publi All Pakistan Women's Association Alliance Against Sexual Harassment Alternative for India Development
Asia Partnership For Human Develop Asian Development Bank Asian Human Rights Commission Asian Legal Resource Centre Asian Women's Human Rights Counci Asian Women's Resource Exchange Associated Press Pakistan Australian Health International
Bangladesh Mahila Parishad Bangladesh National Women Lawyers Bangladesh Rural Advancement Comr Bhutan Women & Children Organisati Bhutanese Refugees Aiding Victims o Bochasan wasi Shree Akstan ... Swamin British Broadcasting Corporation Canadian International Development A Catholic Relief Services Centre for Feminist Legal Research Centre For Health and Gender Equity Centre for Islamic & Middle Eastern I Centre for Policy Alternatives Centre for Reproductive Law and Poli Centre for Women's Development Centre for Women's Development Stu Centre for Women's Research Coalition Against Trafficking of Wom Committee to Protect Journalists Sri L Commonwealth Human Rights Institut Delhi Commission for Women Domestic Violence Task Force Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee Family Health International Federation of Muslim Women

IATIONS
airs peratives Nepal
ation c Health
met
ASSociation mittee
O
f Violence arayan Sanstha
Agency
W
су
dies
en, Asia Pacific
anka
e
AIV ABC Nepal ASK AIDWA
AIH & PH APWA AASHA AID APHD ADB AHRC ALRC AWHIRC AWORC APP AUS Health International BMP. BNWLA BRAC BWCO BRAAVE BAPS BBC CIDA CRS CFLR CHANGE CIMIEL CPA. CRLP CWD. CWDS. CENWOR. CATW CPJ, Sri Lanka. CHR. DCVV. DVTR. DMSC FHI FMW

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Female Health Company Forum for Women, Law & Developme Human Rights Commission of Pakista Humanitarian Action for Women and ( Informal Sector Service Centre International Catholic Migration Com International Centre for Diarrhoeal Dis
Bangladesh International Centre for Ethnic Stuides International Centre for the Legal Prot
of Human Rights International Committee of the Red C1 International Gay & Lesbian Commiss International Labour Organization International Medical Corp Internaticinal Movement against All Fo
Discrimination And Racism
international Organization for Migrati International Planned Parenthood Fed International Programme on the Elimi International Rescue Committee Lawyers for Human Rights and Devel Lawyers for Human Rights and Legal Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam Marie Stopes International Marie Stopes Society Minority Rights Group International National AIDS Control Organisation National Alliance of Women National Commission on the Status of National Committee on Women National Development Bank Sri Lanl National Federation of Dalit Women National Human Rights Commission National Women's Studies Associatio Oxfam Community Aid Abroad Pakistan Women Lawyers Association People's Union for Civil Liberties Physicians for Human Rights Policy Research for Development Alt Positive Women's Network Recovery and Healing from Incest Reproductive Health Initiatives

FHCO t FWILD
HRCP hildren in Afghanistan HAWCA.
INSEC mission, Pakistan ICMC Pakistan 2ase Research,
ICDDR-B ICES ection
INTERIGHTS OSS ICRC ion for Human Rights IGLCHR
ILO. IMC brms of
IMDAR
O IOM. eration IPPF. nation of Child Labour IPEC
IRC. opment LHRD Aid LHRLA
LTTE MSS. MSS. MGR International
NACO, India NAWO. Women NCSW.
NCW. (a NDB, Sri Lanka NFDW. NHRC. n, USA NWSA, USA Oxfam CAA PAWLA PUCL FHR rnatives UBINIG
PWN. RAHI RHI

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Sancharika Samuha Society for Education & Developme South Asia Association for Regional South Asia Human Rights Document South Asia Partners International South Asian Women's Network The Asia Foundation - Transnational Information Exchange Transnational Psychological Organis: United Nations Children's Emergency United Nations Convention on the El of All Forms of Discrimination United Nations Development Fund fo United Nations Development Program United Nations Economic & Social C
Asia and the Pacific United Nations High Commission for United Nations High Commissioner f United Nations Integrated Regional II United Nations Population Fund United Nations Programme on HIV/A United States Agency for Internationa Women acting Together for Change Women. In Need Women in Politics resource Network Women in Security, Conflict Manage Women Living Under Muslim Laws Women Working Worldwide Women's Action Research and Legal Women's Education & Research Cent Women's Foundation of Nepal Women's global Network for Reprodu Women's Health and Advocacy Partn Women's Support Group World Health Organization World Organization Against Torture Worldview International Foundation

ntal Activities. Cooperation ation Centre
Asia
ation
y Fund
imination Against Women. }r Women
le onmission for the
Human Rights or Refugees
nformation Networks
IDS l Development
ment and Peace
Aid to Women
e
Ictive Rights ership
iv
SAS SEDA SAARC. SAHRDC SAP-I. SAWNET TAF TIE-Asia
TPO. UNICEF
CEDAW UNIFEM. UNDP
UNECOSOC. UNHCHR. UNHCR. UNIRIN. UNFPA. UNAIDS. USAID WATCH WIN.
WPRN. WISCOMP WILUMIL.
WWW. WARLAW WERC. WF, Nepal WGNRR WHIRAP WSG. WHO. OMCT WF.

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1.0 National and Non-Govern
Responses
1.1 BANG
1. Action plan for future. P45-55. F and Trafficking, Siliguri (Banglad ICES Archives on Violence Aga
This report concerns a range of action p and children. While commenting on the to address trafficking, the report Summ with rescued girl children. It also pro the family, community, NGOs, law enfo on them, a working group proposes a regional levels and for international N
2. ADB (Asian Development Ban against women and children : M 5p. 2003. Source - http://www. 18 August 2003).
The number of violent acts against wo and trafficking are of great concern activists in Bangladesh as the formal protect women and children. Mukti women's organisation takes the initiat rural women who are victims of viole and illiteracy prevent them from seeki Mukti utilises formal legal and po arbitration practices (Shalish) to bring with ADB Mukti provides legal aid violence, divorce, dowry violence,
monitors cases referred to various u districts, in particular border districts \ are at large. Besides, the Shangstha mo hospitals, police stations etc., conduc key stakeholders - women's NGOs, jo personnel, establishes initiatives fol information on the issue of gender ba

nental initiatives, Actions and
LADESH
regional Seminar on Child Prostitution esh), 16-18 November 1998. (Source - nst Women].
ans to combat the trafficking of women ; initiatives of Indian and Nepali police arises an "open house' discussion held vides recommendations for action by rcement authorities and the State. Based iction plans for advocacy at state and GOs working on this issue.
k). Bangladesh : Combatting violence fukti Nari O Shishu Kalyan Shangstha.
adb.org/gender/workingl; accessed on
men, in particular acid throwing, rape to women's NGOs and human rights structures of law and policing fail to Nari O Shishu Kalyan Shangstha a ive to foster legal mechanisms for poor ice. As poverty, lack of legal awareness ng redress through formal mechanisms, ice structures as well as traditional gender justice to women. In partnership to women victims affected by sexual arly marriage and polygamy. It also nion-level Shalish Committees across here trafficking of women and children hitors cases of gender violence in courts, S gender sensitisation programmes for urnalists, state officials, legal and police advocacy/lobbying and disseminates sed violence.
l

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3. ADB (Asian Development Ba justice : A in O Shalish Ken www.adb.org/gender/working/
Like in most countries, legal procedu In order to avoid such obstacles, ca: dispute, divorce, rape, desertion, ora dowry related violence, are common
(rural mediation). Such sessions gent religious laws and often result in verdic the rights afforded under existing la
provides programmes promoting legal by encouraging community participa women on issues concerning their hum Programme aims to critique Shalish ju against Women. Ain Shohayota Commi arbitration practices and to provide as undertakes community consultations as to raise consciousness of women's ri order to enable the Shalish procedures practices. ASC activities are also supp women's rights in the context of violenc of dowry, divorce, polygamy and for th
4. ADB (Asian Development Bank health care services. (News Rel 1 p. Source - http://WWy nr 1997076.asp ; accessed on 19
This project is an innovative programn poor, in particular the women and chilc this Primary Health Care Project contra services to NGOs and the private secto assistance to victims of domestic viole pre-natal care, sexually transmitte immunization. Implemented through fu near the urban slums, the project invite sector health authorities who are willing that prioritise on victims of family vic aid, counselling and crisis managemer this programme will be trained to pro to the victims of domestic violence,
بر
4.

nk. Bangladesh. Gender and social ro—-ASK. 4p. 200 l . [ Source—http:// an()01.asp; accessed on 25 June 2004).
es in Bangladesh are slow and costly. es, and in particular those of marital divorce, maintenance, adultery, and y dealt with through Shalish sessions rally rely on customary practices and ts that are gender biased and contradict vs. ASK with the assistance of ADB awareness within the Shalish practices tion in such sessions, particularly of in rights. The Gender and Social Justice igments on the basis of discrimination ttees (ASCs) are developed, to monitor ource of arbitration at local level. ASC well as conducts training programmes ghts and prevailing legal standards in to incorporate gender justice into their orted by a theatre group that promotes e against women, especially in the areas e evils of early marriage for girls.
J. ADB Loan to Bangladesh for primary case No. 076/97). 16 September 1997. y. ad b. org/Documen ts/Ne W S/ 1997/ July 2004).
he of health care services for the urban ren. The first of its kind in South Asia, cts the delivery of primary health care r in Bangladesh. The services include nce, birth control and family planning, diseases, infectious diseases and ly-equipped health care centres located proposals from NGOs and the private
to collaborate as partner organisations lence - medical care, referral to legal services. Health workers involved in ide emergency psychological Support detect cases of assault and increase

Page 19
community awareness on the issue. T Ministry of Local Government, Rura financed by a loan granted by the ADH
5. Ain O Salish Kendro (ASK) response and mediation. P18-27 2004.
ASK enables the poor and marginali access formal and informal systems
violence, by means of their weekly, leg The legal unit comprises the Rapid R. address emergencies and negotiate sett polygamy, dowry-related violence, di that provide Space for negotiated settle of victims/survivors of trafficking. T cases through a panel of lawyers h, particular those lodged by women do sexual abuse. Complimenting the lega Way Home (SS & HWH) Unit that settlement. The unit also provides safe as Support Services on health care, psyc training, literacy and referrals to othe
6. Ain O Salish Kendro (ASK). F notes. Annual Report 2000. D
ASK is a non-governmental, law and m free legal aid to victims of violence, them to exercise their rights. Lega negotiations and mediation in cases c. dower and divorce/maintenance. Litiga offences such as rape, murder, acid bur detention are committed. In addition shelter for women and children victim in their rehabilitation and re-integrati
7. Ain O Salish Kendro. Country
international Workshop on Int in Women, Chiangmai (Thail

This project is being executed by the | Development & Co-operatives and 3.
. Increasing access to justice, rapid , tables. Annual Report 2003. Dhaka.
Sed Women, especially the workers to of justice in solving issues of gender gal clinics set up in urban communities. esponse and Mediation Unit (RRM) to lements, deals with issues of desertion, vorce, maintenance and child custody ments, as well as rescue and repatriation he Litigation Unit (LIT) conducts court andling cases of gender violence, in mestic workers subjected to physical/ ul unit is the Support Services & Halfmonitors the cases prior to dispute ; shelter for victims of violence, as well ho-social counselling, skill development r Women’s organisations.
'rovision of legal aid services. P.22-27; haka.
ediation centre committed to providing and particularly poor women to enable laid is given through legal advice, oncerning desertion, polygamy, dowry, tion is also offered, in cases of criminal ning, trafficking and cases of preventive
to following up on cases, ASK finds ised by Violence, in order to assist them on into Society.
report : Bangladesh. Appendix III, P. 6-8. ternational Migration and Trafficking and), 17-21 October 1994.
3.

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This report deals with current state po pertaining to trafficking in Banglad bolstering social and administrative su trafficking operations and require assist into their communities to be integrate The Workshop aims at local, national a where trafficking is prevalent. Amc highlights the need for women to be planning strategies for combating the
8. Ain O Salish Kendro (ASK). A Preliminary investigations into of Bengal Region, Bangladesh.
In action against the violence faced by this forum sheds light on socio-econc grass-root activists, this forum is a cri that are unfavourable to Women work protection of women's human rights, t in support of gender-related legal refo
9. Ain O Salish Kendro (ASK).
1995. P.
In this response, a Bangladeshi Women of a domestic aid in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, ASK requests the Gove thorough investigation' into the death steps in curbing police violence again.
10. Ain O Salish Kendro (ASK).
reports. P. 26-28. Annual RepC
This unit of ASK undertakes fact-fin crimes at family, community and state l and the mainstream media, reports ar used for follow-ups, urgent actions, pub also provides a table of gender-based and the follow up action that was take
A

olicies, procedures and legal standards esh. It also provides suggestions for pport for victims who are rescued from ance in returning and being reintegrated d into Society. und international actors in all countries ng its recommendations, the report given positions of decision-making in trafficking of women and children.
Law and Policy Reform Forum Report: impact of shrimp cultivation in the Bay Dhaka. 1995. 24p.; biblio.
Women workers in shrimp cultivation, mic policies and state machinery. For tique on the existing laws and policies erS. Based on gender equality and the he forum aims to develop a focal point
S.
Police abuse in Bangladesh. Dhaka.
’s NGO condemns the rape and murder an appeal to the Prime Minister of 2rnment to make an "immediate and of Yasmin Akthar and to take effective
St WOmmen.
Investigation Unit (and) Investigation
rt 1996. Dhaka.
ding investigations on gender-related evels. In collaboration with other NGOS e prepared on field investigations and lic campaigns and advocacy. The report crimes committed in the year of 1996 n in response.
4.

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11. Ain O Salish Kendro. Month recovered, traffickers arrested : January to December 1996. CC Source - ICES Archives on Vi
This is a compilation of information or trafficking in Bangladesh. Collecte statistics reveal that more children a more vulnerable to commercial sexu gender biases in a tradition-bound soc
12. Ain O Salish Kendro (ASK) personal laws. P. Human Ri
The Penal Code of Bangladesh dea trafficking, forced abortion, torture, providing penalty for gender crimes article reveals that the Women and Ch for rape and trafficking, does not reco issuance of Fatwa as punishable cri show incidents of Fatwa-related viole
13. Ain O Salish Kendro. Summa
by some women's and human the United Nations Special Ra, Dhaka. 15 October 1997. P... Against Women.
This summary is offered by numerou against Women in Bangladesh. Appe the report provides a critical review ( violence on :
O Rape committed during war;
Community violence; Custodial violence; Election violence against wom Violence due to social and ecol
An opinion given by an Islamic sci
point of law.

ly statistics on women and children from various places in Bangladesh mp. Zahirul Islam. Dhaka). 1997. P...
lence Against Women).
state action towards the issue of human d from mainstream newspapers, this 'e rescued than Women, as Women are al exploitation and the prevalence of iety.
. Women and the law . Status under ghts in Bangladesh. Dhaka. 1997.
ls with gender-based crimes - rape, dowry-related violence, but the laws are not implemented effectively. This ildren Repression Act (1995) providing gnise domestic violence and the illegal mes. Tables attached to the document 'nce and cases of rape.
ry of submissions prepared collectively rights organisations in Bangladesh I to Dporteur on Violence against Women). Source - ICES Archives on Violence
s NGOs working to eliminate violence aling to the United Nations for action, of the State action against gender-based
2n voters; nomic policies.
olar in response to a question involving a

Page 22
14. Ain O Salish Kendro. Violence 4p. (Source- ICES Archives on
This document, compiled on the basis provides statistics on violence agains related violence, acid burnings, dome violence against domestic workers, m kidnapping. The table provides the ge. number of cases filed according to eac
15. Ali, Salma. National report on 1
Bangladesh. 40p. Regional Women, Colombo, 21-22 Aug Women's Lawyers' Association
The report overviews government po human trafficking of children applicab
O Dissemination of information a o Capacity building of police forc O Rescue, repatriation, rehabilitati
While exploring the legislation agair implementation, it is evident that there sexual or any other grievous offences
16. Amin, Sajeda and Hossain, S.
the politics of fundamentalism.
Referring to the Bangladesh Charter (l the basic freedom women have to h extremism. The state has implemente provides all family planning services With a marked increase in the use of c fertility control rather than improved quality health services. This however groups because the programme dot reproductive health needs and the ass violence and safe reproductive techno
(

against women : 1998. s.l. July 1998. Violence Against Women).
of data from mainstream newspapers, t women in the areas of rape, dowry stic violence, Fatwa related Violence, urder, suicide, forced prostitution and heral age groupings of Victims and the h act of violence.
rafficking of women and Children I in Donsultation on Violence Against Jst 1999. Dhaka, Bangladesh National [BNWLA).
icies, and strategies aimed to combat le to curbing trafficking of women by:
ld creating public awareness; e and court authorities; on and reintegration of victims.
st trafficking and the deficiencies in is no provision "to try its nationals for committed against children abroad.'
ara. Women's reproductive rights and P.32-36. Women in Action. No. 1. 1997.
975) this article explores the extent of ealth within the context of religious :d a family planning programme that except for abortion which is illegal. ontraceptives, the programme aims at access to women's health needs and , has lead to the criticism of women's 's not adequately address women's ociated issues such as gender-related
logy.

Page 23
17. Aminuzzaman, Mahal and
against women . A situational a for the survivors of violence in notes. Expert Group Meeting Against Women, Dhaka, 14-1
An overview of public health servic violence, treatment provided for injuri of collecting medical evidence. In term violence, the two leading medical ir facilities to provide the minimum serv patient-care and personnel to file leg violence.
18. Amnesty International. Bangle P3-4. South Asia : Action for ( (AI Index. ASA 04/03/98).
In this appeal Amnesty International u take action against incidents of custodi. to the case of a 14 year-old girl Yasmin, in August 1995, the report calls for a st the laws, policies and mechanisms on and women in the country.
19. Asia Partnership for Huma
Bangladesh raises awareness Regional Program Against th under the programme. s.l. accessed on 17 January 2004).
CARITAS Bangladesh has made effo root level to prevent trafficking of w border trafficking. As part of the APF South Asia, the agency has distributed against the dangers of trafficking prima girls, orphans and the poor. The info economic conditions of the victims, ty partake in trafficking, and the penaltie. support such networks. The document

Aftubudin, Mohammad. Violence 'nalysis of physical facilities provided government health facilities. PI3-13; On State interventions on Violence 8 June 1997.
es available for Women Survivors of 2s, reporting of the crime and the mode is of treating victims of rape and family Stitutions in Dhaka have inadequate ices. They lack medical infrastructure, gal action against the perpetrators of
Idesh : Girl children raped in custody. Dhildren : Appeal cases. April 1998.
rges the Government of Bangladesh to al rape against girl children. In response Akhter who was raped in police custody ronger enforcement and monitoring of violence perpetrated on girl children
n Development (APHD). CARITAS against trafficking. 2p. South Asia e Trafficking of Women Activities
2003. Source-http://www.aphd. Or, th/;
rts to raise consciousness at the grass omen and children, particularly crossHD Supported regional programme for posters and leaflets in Bengali warning rily to Women in slums, young widows, rmation provided details of the sociopes of organiżed criminal networks that s imposed on traffickers and those who s are distributed through their regional
7

Page 24
offices to rural organisations and actio of discussion forums, as well as to trafficking.
20. Associated Press. Three police
in Bangladesh. 1 September accessed on 6 February 2003).
Rape and murder are considered as cr laws of Bangladesh. This news item punishment on the custodial rape a personnel.
21. Bangladesh. P4.8-57. Public H.
Recent Wars and Conflicts December, Tokyo. Women C.
Breaking the wall of silence, this is and torture in the Bangladesh War (1 Women's Caucus has presented her ca calls for a trial on the perpetrators of 1 involved in re-construction work in victims of sexual violence face ostrac
22. Bangladesh. Counter-Traffick Notes. 12 February 2004.
This conference is an attempt to review of Bangladesh to combat trafficking in Participated by representatives from t USAID and UN agencies, it leads to Bangladesh and discuss solutions, in would effectively curb trafficking in conference has been the establishment the Ministry of Women and Children.
23. Bangladesh, People's Republ
Judicial divorce. P3-4. Atlanta,
www.law.emory.edu/IFL/legal/ 2003)

groups in order to facilitate the creation ouild community networks to combat
men sentenced to death in rape, murder
1997. Source - http://www.ap.org/
mes with high penalty according to the relates to the court ruling of capital d murder of a teenage girl by police
2aring on Crimes against Women in : A Compilation of Testimonies :11 lucus for Gender Justice. 2002.
a testimony of a woman victim of rape 971) and her courage for survival. The se in public, where the victim/survivor ape. This is an inspiration for agencies a post-conflict community, where the 1S.
ing Conference. IOM | PreSS Briefing
the initiatives made by the government persons, especially women and children. he government, IOM, the World Bank, assess the problem of trafficking in particular policies and programs that | persons. A notable outcome of this pf a permanent task force housed within Affairs.
c of. Notable features : Talaq [and] Emory School of Law. Source - http:// angladesh.htm, accessed on 19 January

Page 25
This web site explores amendments t (MFLO), with specific court rulings ( According to the system of “Triple Tal, divorce without the wife's consent, b period of time. In 1962 the Govern divorce- every form of Talaq uttered ir one) has the effective of being sin reconciliation and notification procedu ; penalties for non-compliances. The judgement of a divorce case by Hi, responsible to maintain his divorced w on a reasonable scale, for an indefinite also grants "Khul' where the woman
waive off her rights to claim maintena those economically dependent on thei Amendments have been incorporated encourage/facilitate the registration C requires specific reasons and a certifi wives. As such, registration of marri polygamy. The Court has further empl for a husband to treat co-wives justly, to take in another wife' is virtually recommends that Section 6 of MFLO section prohibiting polygamy altogeth so far.
24. Bangladesh Mahila Parishad
Report: June 2002 - June 20
BMP serves women affected by genc themselves against further abuse by a adopts informal and alternatives meth desertion, dowry violence and polyga criminal cases forrape, murder and tra with the state's social support service rehabilitation and vocational training
25. Bangladesh Mahila Parish Bangladesh's combined Third
' A dowry given by the man to the wom
Muslim marriage contract.

o the Muslim Family Law Ordinance n the issue of divorce and polygamy. aq' the husband has unilateral rights to by offering maintenance for a limited ment introduced new regulations for any form whatsoever (except the third gle and revocable; formalisation of res; procedures for recovery of Mahr Supreme Court in 1995 overturned the gh Court, that a Muslim husband is ife by providing her with maintenance period until she re-marries. The Court could independently seek divorce, but ance. This however is not practical for r spouse. to the law on polygamy - legislation to pf marriage under which bi/polygamy cate of consent from the current wife/ age, to some extent has a control on hasised that it is practically impossible interpreting that the Quranic injunction a prohibition of polygamy. Thus, it should be repealed and replaced by a er. However, this has not been enacted
(BMP). Legal support. P7-8. Annual 03. Dhaka.
ler violence, enabling them to protect sserting their rights. The organisation nods of dispute resolution to deal with my, as well as, it helps the victims file fficking. The organisation collaborates is department to provide safe shelters, for victims.
ad IBMP) et al. A commentary on and Fourth Periodic Report for the
an he is about to marry. It is part of the

Page 26
members of the United Natio
Discrimination Against Women
8CX. A critique of the report for members oft organizations viz., BMP, Banglades Naripokkho that occupy leadership pi particular eradication of violence agai specifically deals with Article 6 an exploitation, as well as freedom of cho all forms of gender violence inclu organizations demand that the provisit incorporated into State policy/programr on the Convention, as well as raising
26. Bangladesh Mahila Parishad
Centre. Dhaka. June 2002. 48p.
Rokeya Sadan is the rehabilitation ce who are victims of family, community to the activities of the Sadan that a providing free legal aid. While renderi medi-care, education and recreation the training which gears them towards sel
27. Bangladesh Mahila Parishad Annual Report: July 2001 - J
The Mahila Parishad comprises a reha violence. Established in 1984 the cen shelter to the victims, imparting vocat employment opportunities, while tradi outlet.
Activities regarding awarenes,
BMP has carried out a national cam Coinciding with the 10th National C Parishad, pamphlets, newsletters and Violence against Women were distribu

is Committee on the Elimination of ICEDAW). Dhaka). June 1997. 26p.;
he UN CEDAW brought up by women's h Women Lawyers Association and psitions in the women's movement, in nst women in Bangladesh. The critique d 16 - traffic in women and Sexual oice in marriage. Committed to combat ding that arising out of Fatwa, the an and principles of the Convention be nes, while providing authorities training public awareness on the issue at large.
BMP. Rokeya Sadan : Rehabilitation ; plates.
ntre run by BMP for women and girls and state violence. This report relates ims to make them socially aware by ng logistic support such as shelter, food, : centre helps them to acquire vocational f-reliance.
BMP. Rehabilitation centre. P5. une 2002. Dhaka.
bilitation centre for women victims of tre named Rokeya Sadan renders safe ional training that helps to create selfng their products through a small sales
s about women's issues. P. 14-15.
paign against gender-based violence. Qnference of the Bangladesh Mahila magazines highlighting the issue of ted to the public.
O

Page 27
28. Bangladesh Mahila Parishad || A women's organisation. Dhaka Violence Against Women).
A brochure of a grass-root, voluntar Bangladesh committed to work for v social strata. In view of protecting anc Parishad is a movement to change patr against women and to eliminate gen with its international networking with
Organising for consciousness-r Movement to prevent gender vi Legal reforms to address gende Legal support and rehabilitation Income generation projects tow Health, Education and literacy Research, training and informal
29. Bangladesh Mahila Parishad || uniform family code. Dhaka. Ju
Women are subjected to discriminatic gender equality being guaranteed by women's rights in the areas of:
Marriage and divorce; Maintenance;
Guardianship;
Child adoption;
Inheritance.
A uniform code on family law is rec Bangladesh can be used to effectivel Charter on Gender Equality, which ha
30. Bangladesh Mahila Parishad women. P24-26, tables. Annua
This section of the report deals wi distribution of legal aid for women v aid committees in and around the di

BMP). Bangladesh Mahila Parishad : ... 19... P. Source - ICES Archives on
y, national organisation for women of women in society, irrespective of their I promoting women's human rights, the iarchal attitudes towards discrimination der-related violence. The organisation other women's groups is active towards:
aising and capacity building; olence;
r-related crimes; n to victims of violence; ards economic self-reliance for the rural poor; tion dissemination activities.
BMP). Women's rights, law reform and ne 1993.32p.
in and gender-related violence, despite the Constitution. The draft evaluates
commended so that the Constitution of y implement the provisions of the U.N. as been ratified by the State.
BMP). Promotion of human rights of Report: July 1999- June 2000. Dhaka.
ith the activities of BMP, namely its
ictims of violence. The BMP has legal stricts of Dhaka to assist in providing

Page 28
legal assistance to poor women for me law enforcement officials. Victims ar rehabilitation process.
31. Bangladesh Rural Advanc International Centre for Diarr ICDDR, B). Integrating sexual service delivery : A program for rur
This is an evaluation of a project to ir and education into the health servic involves a qualitative research and sur workers at community level. Health transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS alcohol addiction are the key areas co in-brief provides recommendations and BRAC is a non-governmental organisa institution committed to address health urban communities.
32. Bangladesh unveils budget with Associated Press. 10 June 2004. ppd.org/links/iune-2004-issue-l
Bangladesh has one of the highest rate hence gives priority to improve the h services for women. As reflected in t proportion of resources have been allo health Services for pregnant women.
33. Bangladesh National Womer Socio-economic correlates of ch
of six areas of Bangladesh ... O 122p.; biblio.
The objective of this research is to trafficking of women and children, base of Bangladesh. While providing the me light on the types of victims, technique the traffickers. Annexed with case Stu

diation/counselling as well as to lobby e provided with shelter as part of the
ement Committee IBRAC and hoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh and reproductive health education into all communities in Bangladesh. 1999. 4p.
tegrate sexual and health intervention es delivery programme. The project vey in rural areas and training of health issues, in particular, rape, sexually , domestic violence, sexual rights, drug/ vered in this programme. This reportlessons learned through this research. tion and ICDDR, B is an international 1 and population issues in the rural and
thrust on education, agriculture. s.l.,
2p. Source - http://www.south-Southlasp; accessed on 25 August 2004).
es of maternal mortality in South Asia, health sector, in particular health care he budget of 2004-2005 a significant ocated for a programme on delivery of
Lawyers' Association (BNWLA). ildren and women trafficking . A study ctober 1998 to October 1999. Dhaka.
propose a plan of action to combat 2d on research done in various localities thodology for research, the paper sheds s of recruitment and the routes used by dies the report gives recommendations
2

Page 29
to state agencies, law enforcers, NG( and the community for collective act and other gender-related crimes.
34. BBC World Service. Banglades
25 November 2000. p. (Sourcesouth asia/; accessed on 20 Jar
This is a report on the protest march b Dhaka, against domestic violence. F Bangladesh, besides other forms of vi
35. BBC News S/W Asia. Bangla [London). 30 March 1998. [Sou World/south asia/; accessed on
The cabinet of Bangladesh has approv crimes against women, as well as speci The bill comprises compensation for v police personnel committing the offenc examination of the rape victim is to be victims give evidence behind closed on perpetrators of acid-attacks on wor number of cases on the above. Thougl sanctioned, women activists are pressu a dearth of them in prisons.
36. BRAC Bangladesh Rural A programmes. 3p. 2002. Sourc financinghealth/, accessed on 1
BRAC's health programme provides, rural poor, with a focus on women programme has evolved through dist volunteers and health workers who r includes a campaign on the preventio rural women. Their Women's health a integrates comprehensive community-b and childhealth interventions (1997-20 under the framework of national integr

DS, media and women's organisations on to eliminate trafficking of women
h women march on domestic violence. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/World/ luary 2003)
y women activists and organisations in amily violence is much prevalent in olence against Women.
desh approves new assault laws. 2p. rce — http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/ 20 January 2003)
ed new laws, including the penalty for a tribunals to administer timely justice. ictim of rape and stringent penalty for :e of custodial rape. Moreover, medical conducted by women doctors and the doors. Stricter penalties are imposed men, in order to counter the increasing n safe custody for the victim is legally Irising for more safe shelters as there is
Advancement Committee). Health e- http://www.ips.lk/health/research/ 1 January 2003).
a wide range of health services to the s health - maternal health care. The inct phases of training women health aise awareness on health issues. This n and treatment of diarrhoea targeting nd Development Programme (WHDP) ased interventions focusing on maternal 00), encompassing 4 major programmes ated population and health programme:

Page 30
Reproductive Health & Disease Nutrition Facilitation;
Health & Family Planning Facil Rural Service Delivery Partners
BRAC health centres (Shushastho) pro through provision of technical and cli of services. Indoor services include
abortion care, clinical family planning : emergencies with referrals. BRAC ha prevent maternal mortality in their ol centres provide basic and comprehensiv complications at cost, offering a safet
Rural Development Programme
BRAC takes up appropriate actions ag rape, acid burning or other forms of ge victim is affiliated to BRAC. Using t cases of acid-violence, they provide er and refer them to the Acid Survivors E and follow-up care. The Popular Theatr awareness among rural women, giv institutional, discriminatory and explo their lives.
The RDF works with and for the disadV women, helping them to attain a hig sustainable improvement in their liveli BRAC offers Human Rights & Legal the classes held by the village women Ain O Salish Kendra, legal services ar their problems through local arbitratic
37. Brandt, Michele and Kapl women's rights and religious rig Bangladesh and Tunsia. P 42-10 No. 1, 1997.
This note explores the controversy be of religion as expressed in state rese Convention on Elimination of All Fo (CEDAW). This problem is real and precisely worded reservations agre.

Control;
itation; hip.
vide health facilities to rural community nical back-up offering secondary level safe delivery, reproductive and postand services on child health and medical S also undertaken various measures to perational areas. The upgraded health e emergency care for pregnancy-related y net provision for poor women.
(RDP). 5p.
ainst human rights abuses of women - inder-based violence whether or not the heir country-wide network to identify mergency medical assistance to victims Foundation (ASF) for further treatment e Programme of the organisation creates fing them opportunities to visualise itative norms and practices that govern
antaged rural communities, in particular gher level of self-reliance to achieve hoods. In support of institution building
Education (HRLE) to the community, trained by BRAC. In collaboration with e provided to those who cannot resolve
D.
an, Jeffrey A. The tension between Yhts: Reservations to CEDA W by Egypt, 5. Journal of Law and Religion, Vol. 12,
tween women's rights and the freedom rvations based on religious law, to the rms of Discrimination Against Women
could be overcome through specific, 2able to the CEDAW provisions and
4.

Page 31
religious norms. Hence, recommenda effectiveness to the Convention.
38. Chanda, Ila. Women in safe cus
2p.; annex.
This concerns the condition of women the prisons of Bangladesh. Annexed wi news media, ASK provides informati Central Prison during 1997. Posing the prison conditions, the NGO expresses to sex-oriented violence in custody.
39. CIDA (Canadian International
to action. Health and population Gender strategy in Bangladesh.
Women in Bangladesh have a shorter high rate of maternal and infant morta increased access to health services in
CIDA projects aim to identify healt working with the Government of B; Population & Health Project. This pro health by means of statistics and resea representatives at all levels of health s on women's general health, family pla
40. CIMEL (Centre for Islami INTERIGHTS (The Internati of Human rights). Banglades address "Crimes of Honour'.
This directory outlines the activities of in addressing practices of "honour Bangladesh, in particular honour ki violence, dowry-based abuse, child m women detained under the pretext of activists, researchers, state officials women’s/human rights institutions lis information. Activities of ASK, Assi

tions are offered that could enhance
tody in the prison. Dhaka, ASK. 19....
detainees who are in "safe custody' in th news clippings from the mainstream on on women and children in Dhaka : question of state ethics with regard to concern regarding their vulnerability
Development Agency). From concepts . P 14-15. Working with women : CIDA's
Dhaka. 1992.
life expectancy than the men, with a lity. This necessitates the need for their terms of women's reproductive health. h disparities between the genders by angladesh on the fourth phase of the bject focuses on all aspects of women's rch. Efforts are made to include women ervice delivery systems, to concentrate anning and maternal and child health.
c & Middle Eastern Law) and onal Centre for the Legal Protection th. p.3-7. Directory : Initiatives to London. December 2002.
findividuals and organisations engaged crimes' perpetrated upon Women in lling, forced marriage, Fatwa-related arriage, polygamy and violence against safe custody. It encompasses lawyers, community-based organisations and ting out their specific tasks and contact stance for Human Rights, Bangladesh
5

Page 32
Mahila Parishad, BNWLA, British Col Community Trust are related in partic network and exchange information on operation among activists/institutions
41. CIMEL (Centre for Islami INTERIGHTS (The Internati of Human rights). Case summa, Bangladesh 50 DLR( 1998.1557-. Crimes of Honour. London. Aug
This case summary relates the Bangl tradition-bound family violence. Viole perpetrated upon a 16 year-old Bangla grounds of her choosing a marriage pa ruling in favour of the victim on the women's rights in marriage. This bibliography is a part of the proj of Honour'' which provides annotatio with case studies from several countri
42. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. Ba human rights of women and the women: Report of the Special R its causes and Consequence accordance with Commission :Addendum : Mission to Bangla trafficking of women and girls February 2001. 40p.; append. (E
Bangladesh is declared the second hig violence against Women. Reports show violence, dowry-deaths, custodial rape and children. This report submitted to Rights explores the existing legal fram and programmes to combat trafficking the report analyses the social welfare rescued and the role played by internati
43. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. Ban,
rights of women and the gender

Incil-Bangladesh and Newham Bengali
ular. The directory serves as a tool to Strategy planning and to facilitate coto combat violence against women.
c & Middle Eastern Law) and onal Centre for the Legal Protection ries : Bangladesh — Rehana Begum v. 559. P55-56. Preliminary Bibliography: ust 2000.
adeshi court ruling on an incident of nce in the name of family honour’ was deshi girl with a British citizenship, on rtner. The court of Bangladesh made a basis of religious laws that recognize
ect “Strategies of Response to Crimes ns from a variety of resources, annexed
CS.
in gladesh. P. 19-23. Integration of the gender perspective : Violence against apporteur on violence against Women, S. Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy, in on Human rights resolution 2000/45 desh, Nepal and India on the issue of (28 October-15 November 2000). 6 E/CN.4/2001/73/Add.3).
ghest in the world in the prevalence of a high percentage of cases on domestic , acid-attacks and trafficking of women the UN High Commission for Human he work against gender crimes, policies and the criminal justice system. Further, programmes available for the victims onal agencies and NGOs in this context.
gladesh. P6-7. Integration of the human perspective : Violence against women :
6

Page 33
Report of the Special Rapporteur and consequences. Ms. Radhika Commission on Human right: :Communications to and from G append. (E/CN.4/2000/68/Add. 1
The UN Special Rapporteur on Viol Government of Bangladesh regarding upon women and children from the br Narayanganj District. The sex wor enforcement officials and sent to states were subjected to torture and "sexual to the Government, this "action' was
free movement of sex workers and the s Department of Social Welfare is arran their families to facilitate their rehabil and credit facilities are to be provid employment.
44. Das, John Asit (and) Khatun,
Dhaka, ASK. 19... 3p.
Concerning police attitudes towards w probes the extent of custodial violenc police force of Bangladesh. The report threat and torture to women in custody violence.
45. Development in women's hum.
Bangladesh. P5-7. CHRI NeWS
This newsletter comments on both the issues pertaining to violence against wo little value and trials are not properly el the criminal justice system would b programmes promoting Women's rights i
46. Dhaka Ahsania Mission. Chila Programme (CWTP).P... Dhaka. 2 accessed on 28 January 2003)

On violence against Women, its causes
Coomaraswamy, in accordance with S re SO || ut i On 1 997 / 44 : Addendum overnments. 27 January 2000, 26p.; ).
'nce Against Women appeals to the he recent police violence perpetrated othes of Tanbazar and Nimtoli in the kers were forcibly evicted by law helters and vagrant homes where they avours' by state officials. According in response to public protests on the ubsequent murder of one worker. The ging counselling for the workers and itation. Moreover, vocational training ed for them to resort to alternative
Julie, Rahima. Custodial violence.
omen, the investigation team of ASK e against women, perpetrated by the sheds light on specific cases of death ', and urges for action against gender
an rights in The Commonwealth : etter. Vol.5, No.5. April 1998.
rape laws in Bangladesh as well as men. It is evident that the laws are of forced. A more appropriate reform of e the implementation of on-going n the context of gender-based violence.
and Woman Trafficking Prevention 003. Source-http://www.undprec.lk;

Page 34
The overall aim of this programme is women/children trafficking and offers CWTP are:
O Indentifying the most vulnerabl consciousness raising activities; O Networking with local and natio O Liaison with humanitarian ager where Bangladeshis are traffick O Sharing resources and expertise
services for victims.
The components of the programme ar reintegration and rehabilitation where addressed by means of a shelter home services, counselling, vocational train are also provided with micro-credit f activities towards economic Self-reliar
47. Government of the People's R Women and Children's Affair National Report : Women in Ba Peace. Fourth World Conference
Economic marginalisation and lack of for violence against women in Bangla This paper provides the legal measure that govern dowry-related violence, cru (acid-throwing), marriage, divorce, ch In order to enhance the security of won the participation of women in law enf village defence committees, as shown
48. Guhatkaturta, Meghina. Violen women's movement. 26p., ref. " and Future", London, 13-15 Dec
This document maps the issues on ger a traditional society, and the progre, violation of women’s rights. With sel women, the paper reviews the dynami

o reduce and prevent the incidence of upport to those rescued. Objectives of
e areas and initiating intensive mass
hal organisations working on the issue; cies in countries through which and d;
in launching joint action and providing
e community awareness, repatriation, che immediate needs of the victims are : that provides basic support - health ing and literacy. The victim/survivors acilities to initiate income generating
lCC.
Republic of Bangladesh. Ministry of s. Violence against women. P. 33-35. ngladesh: Equality, Development and on Women, Beijing, September 1995.
access to resources are the root-causes desh where men control the economy. s to eliminate gender violence - laws elty, child marriage, polygamy, torture ild custody and abduction of women. hen in Society, the state has encouraged )rcing agencies - police, judiciary and by the statistics of 1994.
ce and victimization . Responses of the Bangladesh 1971-1996: Past, Present ember 1996.
der oppression and related violence in is of women's movement against the ected case studies of violence against cs of the women's movement and role

Page 35
played by civil society organisations i of violence.
49. Historian wins Guggenheim Fe war in Bangladesh. S.l., Carol
2p. Source - http://www.SaWne
This web page relates to the first coi against women in the national liberation Saikia. This historian, in order to over has conducted interviews where the w of the social stigma attached to the cri sufferings of women during the civ forgotten without any gender justice.
50. Habiba, Shumi Umme. Let just on "Mass rape and violence aga of Bangladesh" . Justice and ot Violence Against Women in Wal 31 October - 3 November 199 Violence Against Women.
This paper provides facts on mass ri committed by the Pakistan forces dur under the international humanitarian la Law of Bangladesh. With regard to the by the State and NGOs in Bangladesh as "justice has been done according t and not from a gendered perspective. T to the women victims through:
O War crimes trials to punish the
gender violence; Compensation from the Pakista Rehabilitation programmes by t
51. Home Office Working Grou forced marriages . Submissions Protection of Human Rights (INT and Shirkat Gah I Women's Res 32p.; append.

in providing a support base for victims
llowship to study forgotten victims of ina News Service. 13 February 2004. it.com; accessed on 20 March 2004).
mprehensive study on sexual violence war of Bangladesh, 1971 by Dr. Yasmin come the 'silence' of the rape victims, 'omen were reluctant to speak because me. These are to be documented as the il war, which is often side-lined and
ice be done: A very brief outline paper inst women in the 1971 armed conflict her issues. International Conference on and Armed Conflict Situations, Tokyo, 97. 10p. Source - ICES Archives on
ape and other gender-related violence ing 1971, ascertaining these as crimes aw, human rights law and the Municipal rehabilitation and reparation initiatives , women's issues have been neglected o the norms of a patriarchal society.” he paper demands that justice be granted
perpetrators of rape and other forms of
n Government; he Government of Bangladesh.
p. Information gathering exercise on by the International Centre for Legal ERIGHTS), Ain OSalish Kendra (ASK) ource Centre). London. March 2000.
9

Page 36
This report highlights the abduction a from the U.K. to Bangladesh and Paki by women's NGOs in the two countric Gah Women’s Resource Centre in Pakis of cases from the U.K. to Pakistan an the legal remedies available to the vic of these two countries to address the p draws on strategies towards policy ref ensure effective redress of abductio community.
52. Huda, Sigma. Trafficking
Contradictions in law and pract, visible : Global Sexual exploitat and providing services. Ed. D( Coalition Against Trafficking of
Huda explores the laws that prohibit tra and the loop holes in their implemen border trafficking, involving the inter India and Pakistan as per their Acts re restrictions on action against the incid as Marie Stopes Centre and Banglade: eliminate prostitution by providing he Bangladesh Women's Lawyers' Assoc from being drawn into the trade and de The author argues that banning of pro the offence, rather a united movem reintegration of victims of prostitutior
53. Hussain, Abid. Bangladesh. pp.5 persons subjected to any form of and protection of the rights to free of the Special Rapporteur, Mr. A Rights Resolution 1993/45.22 M
The Special Rapporteur reports to the U Nasreen a feminist author who has b "...offending the religious feelings of a to the state, legal action has been taken the rights and reputation of others.'

ld forced marriage of women and girls stan, through the information collected 's - ASK from Bangladesh and Shirkat tan. While exploring the commonalities d Bangladesh, the submissions review tims and the international obligations ractice of forced marriage. The report orms and practices in the U.K. So as to n and forced marriages in the Asian
and prostitution in Bangladesh: ice. P. 142-148, notes. Making the harm ion of women and girls : Speaking out onna M. Hughes et al. Rhodes Island,
Women and Girls. 1999.
fficking and prostitution in Bangladesh tation. Furthermore, the issue of crossvention of neighbouring States, such as lating to foreign nationals, which pose 2nce of human trafficking. NGOs, such sh Women's Health Coalition, work to alth facilities for the women, while the 2iation and a few others prevent girls als with sex workers detained by police. stitution is not the answer to eliminate lent for the gradual absorption and
is a more viable alternative.
-6. Question of the human rights of all detention or imprisonment: Promotion dom of opinion and expression : Report bid Hussain to Commission on Human arch 1996. (Doc. No. E/CN.4/1996/39).
UN Commission on the case of Taslima een charged with an alleged crime of Section of the population. According "to protect public order and respecting

Page 37
54. Huq, Ershadul. Awami Leagu Abroad News Service. 2 De WWW, indiaabroad.com/; accesse
This is a news item discussing the stal and sexual abuse on Bangladeshi won Pakistan. The ruling Awami League Government of Pakistan for rape, ge committed by Pakistan forces in 1971.
55. Huq, Nasreen. The other side o
2000.
An overview of the recent Suppress Children Bill that provides for sexual and the legal constraints in seekingju with Public Safety (Special Provision gender related violence.
56. International Planned Paren
profile : Bangladesh. 2p. 20 www.ippf.org/, accessed on 24
In Bangladesh the risk of maternal he as early marriages, large families and S( Despite the high level of awareness on of contraceptives is relatively low. Fur of maternal death as abortion is a legall of Bangladesh is strongly committed National Population Programme that propagating small families. As such th maternal and child health care, on br oral hydration and literacy for women concerning the prevention of HIV/AID Bangladesh (FPAB) is the oldest and th by professionals and volunteers worki now moved away from a target-based reproductive/sexual health-related ap gender equity. Aiming to increase male Association encouraged a gendered including other groups such as youth, V
2

demands Pak apology, s.l., India cember 2000. P.. Source- http:// d on 22 January 2003.
e response towards incidences of rape en, committed by the armed forces of demands a formal apology from the :nocide and other war-related crimes
f the laws. Dhaka Courier. 11 February
ion of Violence Against Women and abuse and harassment against women stice for victims. This bill is compared ) Law of 2000 that claims to address
thood Federation (IPPF). Country November 2002. Source - http:// January 2003).
alth increases with the first pregnancy pn-preference are the traditional norms. family planning in the public, the use ther, unsafe abortion is the major cause y punishable offence. The Government to family planning, prioritised by the
has created a cultural shift towards he programme encompasses aspects of east feeding, nutrition, immunization,
with efforts to draw in sex education S. The Family Planning Association of e largest NGO in the country supported ng at all levels of the society. FPAB has approach to that of a client-centered, roach to women's empowerment and : involvement in their programmes, the
participation in their programmes, olunteers, religious/community leaders

Page 38
and health personnel. The projects geared towards the neglected rural a health services provided for wom empowerment through skills developm Support for income generating vent and men have been launched on gender awareness through topics on ado and sexual harassment. Peer education for youth on reproductive health i improve the skills of health volunteers, and community health workers.
57. Jahan, Roushan. Reduction of actions. P. 125- 138. Hidden Da Bangladesh. Dhaka, Women for
Action against gender-based Violence alleviation and elimination. This chapte action in terms of alleviation - Suppol violence. State efforts towards reduc measures, support services for victims, Laws on dowry prohibition, Promulgat to Women (Deterrent Punishment), pro throwing and the Family Court Ordin have taken specific actions of advoc: victims, while drawing in the mass m against women by means of programm
58. Jahan, Roushan. Hidden wou women in Bangladesh. P.....; ref on Violence Against Women.
This document explores the multi-face in Bangladesh and action by the state media to address such violence. The torture/cruelty to women and family women's NGOs to counter violence a need for integrated action programm discussed.
59. Jenkins, Carol. Sex work an Namaskar. Vol.3, No. 1. Novemb
2

are cost-effective and sustainable, reas and urban slums. In addition to en, the FPAB facilitates women's 2nt projects providing financial/logistic ures. Talk shows for young women the television network to create olescence health, gender discrimination programmes have also been designed SSues and training programmes to traditional birth attendants (Mid-wives)
gender-violence : Recent policies and nger: Women and family violence in Women. 1994.
e can be grouped into 2 categories -- r deals with state and non-governmental t, proiection and redress to victims of tion in gender violence include legal and affirmative action for gender equity. ion of Muslim Family Law and Cruelty vision of capital punishment for acidance are briefed here. Women's NGOs acy, provision of Support services for nedia to create awareness on violence res and campaigns.
nds, visible scars : Violence against . 19... s.l.. Source - ICES Archives
ted problem of gender related violence >, non-governmental organisations and paper relates legal reforms on dowry, laws, and addresses the responses of gainst Women. In the conclusion, the mes to make the above successful, is
d dignity in Bangladesh. P. 21-23. ber 1998.
2

Page 39
The article explores the collective efforts ( HIV/AIDS prevention among sex w Bangladesh, the NGOs developed a moc
Clinical and contraceptive servi Literacy; Peer education for sex workers Supplementary income generati Advocacy towards prevention o Community management.
The women involved in sex work le awareness on other related issues s concerned with their profession.
60. Kamal, Nashid. The influence
Bangladesh women. P43-51, Planning. Vol. 15, Issue. 1. 2000.
This research sheds light on the rol women's reproductive health - a surv husband's approval of her use of mod In some regions of Bangladesh, the sp has a major impact on the woman's re Apparently, no specific measures have contraception or spousal support for W on the issue. Hence, there is a need to planning programme through a holisti The paper suggests that:
O Male members in the commu programmes, for example, form discussions on issues related to
O Mass media share the respons
images;
O Advocating the use of condom:
AIDS and for family planning,
61. Ministry of Health and Family rights to live. Dhaka). 28 May

f women's NGOs in Bangladesh towards orkers. In collaboration with CARE el - Shakti Project encompassing:
ces for women;
und their partners;
Dn,
violence against workers;
:arn to practice safer sex and social uch as repressive laws and customs
of husbands on contraceptive use by votes, tables, ref. Health Policy and
2 played by the spouse in promoting sey on the women's perception of her ern contraception for family planning. house's disapproval of family planning productive health and fertility control. been taken to increase the use of male fomen users, or to provide information involve men extensively in the family C approach to reproductive health care.
inity be sensitized through suitable ing men's clubs at grass root level for reproductive/sexual health;
ibility of portraying positive gender
; for dual benefits - safeguard against
Welfare. Safe Motherhood: A woman's 20... p.; plates.
3.

Page 40
An information kit aiming to raise co health, the booklet concerns issues o highlights the role of the public, soci. personnel on preventing maternal de While briefing on the emergency obst arising during childbirth, this resource contribution towards Society and Won
62. Ministry of Women and Ch Bangladesh. Commercial sexu and measures for future strateg on Measures Taken to Addres Children, Bangkok, 28-30 Augu Violence Against Women).
The paper highlights the characterist prevent sexual trafficking of girls. The and the National Action Plan for the G A summery of the laws against traffic, provides in this report, with the progra implemented under the Action Plan.
63. Ministry of Women & Childre for Women's advancement. Dhak www.mwca.gov.bd/ action.htm:
This web document relates to the empowerment including health care, gender-based violence. It stresses on Services to community women.
64. Ministry of Women & Childre Family Welfare. P. 18. Nation advancement: We will impleme
This workbook delves on the initiative Welfare to implement health services agenda of the ministry includes:
O Health care and treatment for ca o Prevention of HIV/AIDS and ot o Gender sensitive training of hea
2

nsciousness on women's reproductive n maternal morbidity and mortality. It ul workers, policy makers and medical ths and to promote safe motherhood. etric care towards those complications leads to create awareness on agendered en's right to safe motherhood.
ildren's Affairs. Government of ul exploitation of children : Concerns c actions. 12p. Regional Consultation s Commercial Sexual Exploitation of st 2000. Source - CES Archives on
ics of child abuse and state action to state policy, National Policy on Children irl Child are scrutinised in this context. king and other child-related crimes are mmes for child victims of sexual abuse
'n's Affairs. National Plan of Action al. December 1997. 3p. Source - http:// accessed on 24 January 2003)
agenda for women's welfare and
in particular, health services related to training health personnel to provide
n's Affairs. Ministry of Health and al Action Plan (NAP) for women's it it together. Dhaka). 1997).
s of the Ministry of Health and Family for women victims of violence. The
ses of gender-based violence; her sexually transmitted diseases; th personnel.

Page 41
It also discusses concepts within the N of the various ministries, proposed development of monitoring indicators Justice and Parliamentary Affairs is t women's rights, in order to prevent F
65. Mulay, Shree. Covert trials, Oltinacrine method of sterilisa ICES Archives on Violence Aga
A criticism on the medical ethics invo anti-malarial drug, in Sexual Sterilisatic the complications caused by this drug assault on the bodies of women is dor reproductive freedom and wider contra the importance of including family p health care and women's health in po
66. Mullins, Jim and Boatwrig
helping women in Bangladesh.
www.im-mullins.com/ Banglad
A “one-woman-crusader” with her awal home as an initiative to counter fami Supported by women who are widov governmental women's NGO has im for women by teaching them business in agricultural farming as micro en outsiders. The members are given p economic self-reliance. Training pro also a part of the agenda of reproduc With a revolving fund set up for rura women's movement towards gende women's empowerment.
67. Murshid, Tazeen Mahnaz. Wor and resistance. London. 2001 uchicago.edu/e/Su/Southasia/TaZe
* Penalty sanctioned by religious extrem
م
4.

NAP and the gender oriented activities work plans, resource needs and the for the activities. The Ministry of Law, o provide training for the judiciary on atwa against gender-based allegations.
Overt violation . The case against tion. s.l.. 19... 7p.; tah's. (Source - inst Women.
lved in the use of Quinacrine that is an on of women in Bangladesh. It concerns as a contraceptive (1990-1996), "... an he in the name of providing for greater peptive choices.' The article emphasises lanning within the agenda of primary pulation control.
ht, Alice. Banchte Shekha : Women 25 August 2001. 11p. Source - http:// lesh.html; accessed on 18 July 2004).
reness and courage has set up this shelter ly violence among poor rural women. wed, divorced and deserted, this nonplemented income-generating projects skills. Most of the beneficiaries indulge trepreneurs, selling their products to ractical, basic education focusing on grammes on traditional midwifery are tive health services for the rural poor. al credit, the Shekha has grown into a r-integrated social participation and
men, Islam and the State . Subordination . 7 p.; notes. Source-http://www.lib. en.html; accessed on 20 September 2004).
Lis

Page 42
This paper is a study of the status of wo extremism and the resistance of the w oppression. The women's moveme manipulation of religion to ensure mal Bangladesh. While using case studies Samaj on work against gender-related probes the role of women's movement women’s equality and in promoting lega and protection against gender violenc
68. Naripokkho. Gender and judge
December 1997. 26p.; append.
A survey conducted by Naripokkho to bias amongjudges when handling case attempts to assess their understandin, opposed to testimonies given by wom documents the nature of the court atmc the extent of knowledge of the judiciary crimes as a human rights issue. This
cases, interviews with women victims, and research on individual judgem sensitising the judiciary on gender iss
69. Naripokko. Complaints and
violence and threats of violence annex. Expert Group Meeting on Women, Dhaka, 14-18 June 199
This paper informs the procedures depl against women in Bangladesh, collect medical, paramedical and legal perso on systems of accountability and gend the crime. Attached to the document is
o Information on reporting and in o Forensic facilities for examining O Documenting cases of gender-re
Un conclusion, recommendations are g
2

men in Bangladesh in an era of religious omen's movement against this gender it in Bangladesh has combatted the a dominance, reflected in family law of of Naripokko and Oikya Badhya Nari violence and discrimination, the paper in influencing the state policy towards lamendments to ensure women's rights
s: A pilot study in Bangladesh. Dhaka.
examine the nature and level of gender S of violence against women. The study g on the concept of gender crimes as en victims and women lawyers. It also sphere where women seek justice, and on CEDAW when dealing with gender study is based on a collection of court observation on the court environment 2nts. The pilot study would lead to ues/crimes.
nvestigation procedures relating to against women. Prp. Safia Azim P. 8; State Interventions on Violence Against 7. -
Dyed in investigating crimes of violence ed through interviews with the police, nnel. The field observations are based er attitudes of the personnel reporting
estigating procedures; , rape, and performing autopsy; lated crimes.
ven to improve the above areas.

Page 43
70. Naripokko. Women's access to th
P20-23; annex. Prp. U.M. Habi State Interventions on Violence 1997.
Criminal justice system is an area t concerns dealing with violence agai problems encountered by women victi judicial system with issues related to:
o Poverty; o Trial procedures on domestic vi O Legal protection to victims.
Annexed to the report is an outline o with the hierarchy of courts and statist
71. Naripokkho. Combatting acid
Naripokkho is a women's NGO workin a common form of gender violence in the organization's action against acid : facilitating medical treatment to the vi investigations of the crime. The victir solidarity network for action against creating public consciousness, comm course of treatment, pressurizing the provision of counselling services, spi for the survivors.
72. Naripokko. Comments on the p Act 1998. Prp. Sadaf Siddiqu et
This is a critique of the proposed Ac Women and Children by a women's recommendations based on a consul authorities involved in seeking gende on the Act of 1995 and the Bill of 199
73. National Labour Committee. V 2001. 7 p. (Source- http://ww accessed on 25 May 2003).

e criminal justice system : An Overview. buness et al. Expert Group Meeting on Against Women, Dhaka, 14-18 June
at needs reform, especially when it ist women. This paper discusses the ms of violence when approaching the
lence and rape;
in the structure of the judicial system ics on Women in judicial Services.
iolence. Dhaka. 20... 2p.
g with victims of acid attacks which is Bangladesh. This brochure relates to attacks as a special effort that involves ctim, and support for proper and timely ms/survivors are encouraged to form a the crime - organizing mass protests, unication with medical sector on the legal system for justice, as well as 2cial education and skill development
roposed Nari O Shishu Ninjaton Domon al. Dhaka. June 1998. 32p.
t on Suppression of Violence Against NGO in Bangladesh. Comments and tation with legal personnel and state r justice are given here. A comparison 8 is annexed to the document.
Wal-Marts shirts of misery. 9 September W. maquila Solidarity.org/campaigns/

Page 44
This is part of a signature campaign USA, against the maltreatment of wo zones of Bangladesh. While referring in the garment factories in the export p refers to Wal-Mart of USA and its campaigners demand that the employe laws in Bangladesh, end the maltreat savings and maternity benefits and re:
74. No to Norplant . The need to
population policies. P. 25-26. Pe May 1994.
Norplantis a long-acting, injectable ho1 to the Third World Countries on an ex the acceptance of Norplant in the popul where rural, poor women are the prim information on the possible side-effe trained medical staff to administer th NGO working on reproductive health is and Women's Groups to call for the w planning programme and to provide si
75. Odhikar. Protective laws and disadvantaged positions. Par disadvantaged situations. Dhak
This chapter deals with laws and pol women and children in Bangladesh, w gender equality and equal protection rape, murder, acid throwing, wife abuse violence in detention and child marria
The Penal Code (1860); Code of Criminal Procedures (1 The Jail Code (1894); Child Marriage Restraint Act (1 Vagrancy Act (1950); Children's Act (1974); Suppression of Immoral Traffic Prevention of Repression agains
2

2d by the National Labour Committee, men workers in the export processing o the working conditions of the women rocessing Zones, the article specifically contractor Beximco in Dhaka. The S and buyers recognise domestic labour ment of Workers, guarantee payments, pect the workers' rights.
correct specific contraceptive use for ople’s Perspectives. Nos. 9 & 10. April
monal contraceptive method introduced perimental basis. This article questions ation control programme of Bangladesh e targets. The women have little or no cts of the drug and have to depend on e contraceptive. UBINIG a women's sues, urges the Government, UN Bodies 'ithdrawal of Norplant from the family afe and user-controlled contraception.
policies for women and children in t I, P4-27. Women and children in a. 19..,
icies formulated for the protection of here the state constitution emphasises by the law. Gender-related crimes of ', trafficking, child marriage, abduction, ge are dealt under the following laws:
898);
929);
Act (1933); tWomen and Children Act (2000).
8

Page 45
Bangladesh is a signatory to CEDAW. Cruel Inhuman degrading Treatmen Declaration on the Elimination of Vio the country has formulated the National a broad-based, 5-year plan to achieve
women's status in Bangladesh.
76. One prostitute killed, thousands ( ASia Pacific Report. Vol.4, Nos
Women's groups in Bangladesh have Against Trafficking in Women - Asia P campaign against the maltreatment of The workers have been assaulted by t forcibly displaced under the propose launched by the Social Welfare Depart
77. Oshuchi. Student movement ag.
from the Jahangirnagar Univer
1999.
This collection of news reports fron incidents of rape on university campu rape and sexual harassment of female demanding legal action against the p articles are critical of the attitudes of taking action against these perpetrator
78. Oxfam Community Aid Abroad
around the world : Bangladesh May 20002. [Source —http:// ww January 2003).
A coalition of human rights, women's called Shonghoti fought the eviction children. In the name of social rehabi evicted by the police on 24 July 199 taken to government-run vagrant home vulnerable to violence and exploitation a movement for the rights of sex work

Convention Against Torture & Other t of Punishment (CAT) and the UN lence Against Women. In this context, Policy for the Development of Women, the objectives for the improvement of
lisplaced in Bangladesh. P2. Coalition .4-5. April-September 1999.
gathered under the CATW (Coalition acific) Bangladesh, launching a protest sex workers by the state machinery. he police physically and sexually and d "rehabilitation programme' that is ment under UNDP sponsorship.
ainst campus rape : Selected writings sity '98 Movement. Dhaka. January
n mainstream news media addresses ses. Evidently, public protests against students have grown into a movement, erpetrators of sexual violence. News f university authorities and police, in
S.
Development and emergency programs Sex worker rights. P... Connexions.
W.connexions.gov.uk/; accessed on 23
groups and a sex worker organisation of sex workers, mostly women with litation sex workers of Tanbazar were 9. Hundreds of workers were forcibly as while others were left on the streets, 1. This court case was won, resulting in ers. Oxfam Community Aid Abroad is

Page 46
now helping fund a broader Oxfam. strengthen their organisations; educat with the police, government and in against Women; and create links and Sl organisations.
79. Oxfam Community Aid Abr.
coming together for change. WWW.oxfam.org.au/OxfamneWS/
Barendra Development Organisation ( the Community Aid Abroad, works for the District of Naogoan through their particular the Tularbayal Landless V women agricultural workers. Whil traditional practices that oppress empowerment, take on gender issues i violence against Women. Identifying i as domestic abuse, child marriage and the husband and in-laws, the group rais and responsibilities and relevant laws the group attempts to resolve any pro society.
80. Projonmo '71 (Children of the Action I: Trial of three war cri ICES Archives on Violence Age
An appeal made to the United Kingc criminals on gender-based violence in all human rights organisations and act Uddin Abu Sayeed and Lutfer Rahm prosecuted for rape and kidnapping of liberation struggle.
81. Sacerdoti, Guy. Gaining power, are making their voices heard til their livelihoods. P... ADB Rev
This article relates to training progr government in awareness raising a

program, supporting sex workers to e their children; lobby for their rights the Bangladesh media; fight violence nare information with other sex worker
Oad. Women's groups in Bangladesh P... May 1999. 1 p. Source -http://
; accessed on 24 February 2003).
BDO) is a local NGO with a partner of the welfare of impoverished women in collaboration with Women's groups, in Women's Society comprising landless e raising community awareness on
Women and their socio-economic n the family and community that lead to ssues of gender-oriented violence such dowry-related violence perpetrated by es community awareness of their rights to punish the offenders. Alternatively, blems faced by the members of their
: Martyrs of Liberation War). Urgent minals I. 17 May 1995. 2p. Source - inst Women .
ilom regarding the prosecution of war Bangladesh. The open-letter requests ivists to appeal that Choudhry Mueeen, han now residing in Great Britain, be innocent Women during the Bangladesh
through local government. Poor women rough local authorities and improving iew. January-February 2004.
ammes for women members of local und leadership qualities and to hold
O

Page 47
discussions at the community level on violence against women victims, with The programme is developed by the Al - Sthri Sakti and BRAC, drawing in
responsible roles in the community. Si in Nepal and Pakistan, in collaboration to create awareness on gender issues participation.
82. Santos-Abrams, Elyssa and
Bangladesh. 14p., notes. S.l., 3
This paper concentrates on the levels ( against gender-related violence - crue. and divorce. Illustrated With case studie Control Act and the New Draft Bill on (Rape and Acid-attacks) are analyse Bangladesh to international treatie recommendations are given to prever rights.
83. SAWNET. Bangladesh . A n punishment for cases of violenc October 1999. 2p. Source - ht February 2003).
Women's groups and religious bodie sanctions capital punishment for rape rapist responsible for the child born ol met the Minister of Law, urging hi inconsistencies in the draft bill and the born to the victim. This bill approv camera recording of the statement of are directly involved in gender crime of gender guidelines for media restric the victim without the court's permiss
84. Shamin, Ishrat. Trafficking in crisis. Dhaka, Centre for Wome 1997. 6p.

the current legal remedies for cases of particular reference to acid-throwing. DB in partnership with women's NGOs grass-roots women to play active and milar programmes are being conducted 1 with the local women's organisations, and to encourage their socio-political
| Meekins-McClelland, Ndenisarya.
December 1999. Unpublished).
Df enforcement of the law that provides lty to women, property rights, marriage es, The Women and Children Repression Protection of Women's Human Rights 2d here. Based on the ratification of s against discrimination of women, ht gender crimes and protect women's
lew draft bill providing for capital 2 against women and children. s.l.. 12 tp://www.saw net.com; accessed on 26
as are critical of a new draft bill that that contains a clause that makes the ut of rape. Women’s organisations have [m to remove all the loop-holes and : state to take responsibility for children ed by the Cabinet meeting calls for a victims. It also specifies that those who s will not be granted bail, while setting ting the publication of photographs of
SO.
women and children : A human rights an and Children Studies (CWCS). June
31

Page 48
The Oppression Against Women and C penalties for gender-oriented violence, This report condones the strategies trafficking, in terms of advocacy, awa
O Campaigning among state agen
grass roots level; Organising regional consultatio Launching a Traffic Watch with Out-reaching the media for rais.
85. Shettu, Fayazuddin Ahmed. Re Masius Hassain. (S.1), 19... 2p. Against Women).
This article concerns the armed massa significance of a war crimes tribunal
Pakistan. According to the Internatio. the Geneva Convention (1949) persons will not receive amnesty. Examining the of the Bangladesh Constitution (1973 for "justice for two lakhs of raped wo trial.
86. Shonghoti. Forced eviction in th Bangladesh. 23 August 1999. 3. asia/bangladesh/; accessed on 2
This online statement by Shongotia workers, relates to state sponsored at On the pretext of rehabilitation the w( abused by the police and forcibly evicte against the state violence leashed upc human rights.
87. Some activities in trafficking. Ba BNWLA Bulletin October 19
A report on the problems faced by Bl work with women victims/survivors o

hildren (Special Act) of 1995 provides in particular trafficking and kidnapping. of CWCS to combat the problem of reness and action. CWCS is active in :
cies, NGOs, police, community and at
ns and fact-finding discussions; the NGO network;
ng awareness.
levant law for war crimes. Transl. Syed Source - ICES Archives on Violence
cre in Bangladesh during 1971 and the in prosecuting the war criminals from mal Crimes (Tribunal) Act of 1973 and found guilty of rape, murder and arson : policies of war trials, First Amendment ) and the Convention, the author calls men', by bringing the war criminals to
e name of “rehabilitation”: Tan Bazaar, ). Source-http://www.hivnet.ch:8000/ 7 February 2003).
NGO working on the welfare of sex ocities against sex workers in Dhaka. omen have been physically and sexually d. The NGO request appeals for protests on the sex workers and abuse of their
ngladesh Jatiyo Mahila Ainiibi Samity 98. 19p.; charts; maps; plates.
WLA a women's NGO committed to trafficking. The report explores laws,
2

Page 49
international conventions and SAARC prevention through awareness raising
88. South Asia Partners Internatio
and After Stockholm - respor sexual exploitation of children : perspective 2001. Colombo. Det
In Bangladesh the laws regarding ch contained in one statute, but in various are relevant to sexual exploitation of c
Bangladesh Penal Code (1960); Suppression of Immoral Traffic
Cruelty to Women (Deterrent Pl Children's Act (1974).
A plan of action focusing on child exploitation of children, in particular t coalition of NGOs, GOs and UN Age workshops a draft NPA has been for measures for child victims of traffic
legislation in the country is ineffectiv law enforcers and traffickers. Hence til implement preventive measures to tac of children. A number of NGOs are working towa as BNWLA working against child traff border trafficking of women and girls and providing safe custody. NGOs ar advocacy, development of social a rehabilitation and re-integration of vic In response to the epidemic of HIV/ the UN Theme Group aim to prom measures, treatment to victims, reduct improved health services, care and Sup the national programme on AIDS prev epidemic.
89. Ubinig Policy Research for D women got compensation for u. control device. Dhaka, 19... 5

commitment to counter trafficking and campaigns.
hal (SAP-II. Legal measures. P 64 - 66. ses to CSCE, P 67-75. Commercial A review of South Asia - Bangladesh cember 2001.
ildren's rights and protection are not laws and statutes. The following laws hildren, in particular the girl child:
Act (1933); inishment) Ordinance (1983);
trafficking and commercial sexual he girl child has been facilitated by the ncies. Through a series of sub-national mulated with strategies on protective king and prostitution. The trafficking te, in part due to the alliance between he state has collaborated with NGOs to kle the commercial sexual exploitauion
rds combating child sexual abuse such icking, acid-throwing and on the cross, while rescuing victims from brothels e working for policy changes through wareness, and by means of rescue, tims in the society.
AID and sexually transmitted diseases lote safe sexual practices, preventive ion of the transmission of HIV through port for victims of AIDS, strengthening ention and monitoring the spread of the
evelopment Alternative). Bangladeshi sing Dalton Shield : A dangerous birth
p., append.
33

Page 50
This is a case of action against the u: women's health and well-being. Man Dalton Shield is an Intra Uterine Devi on women's health. Following the b organisation has sued the company top who have used this contraceptive thr Appendix to this article provides a list was exported.
90. Ubinig. Situation of trafficking 9p. South Asian Dialogue on Traf the Adoption of the SAARC C. February 1999.
This paper refers to the guidelines of the trafficking of women, related to elaborates on the socio-economic stat trafficking as a crime and initiatives t trafficking. Ubinig is a women's co against trafficking and prostitution of
91. Ubinig. Resisting Norplant : St Prp. Farida Akhtar. Dhaka, Nari
This volume reveals issues on wome underdeveloped countries. In Banglac carried out on poor, urban women as a the sponsorship of the state family pla campaigns and services have been 1 chemical contraceptive claiming to "e under the armpit of women. The volu out by Ubinig, a Dhaka-based women its users who are mostly illiterate, poor Against Abuse of Contraceptives on Wo to demonstrate against the use of N contraceptives. As a result, the wome administration of contraceptives with The publication also relates to the vic action against the promotion of contra its users. Ubinig had filed a lawsuit uterine devices viz., Dalton Shield whil

e of a contraceptive that is unsafe for factured by an international company, ce (IUD) which has serious side-effects anning of this in USA, the women's ay compensation to Bangladeshi women ough the family planning programme. of developing countries to which Dalton
in women and children in Bangaldesh. icking in Women and Children: Towards onvention, Wattala (Sri Lanka), 11-12
the SAARC Convention on combating traffic prevention in Bangladesh. It us of women, legal provisions against aken by the State and NGOs to prevent mmunity-based organization working women and children in Bangladesh.
ruggle against coercion and violence. grantha Prabartana. 195. 142p.; plates.
n's health for impoverished women in lesh pre-introductory clinical trials are Substitute for sexual sterilisation under inning programme. Heavy advertising aunched for the use of Norplant - a nsure sterility up to 5 years' implanted me relates to the investigations carried s NGO on the ill-effects of Norplant on , slum women. The Resistance Network men's Bodies has mobilised the women orplant and the indiscriminate use of in slums have built a resistance to the )ut proper medical guidance.
tory of the women's movement - their Lceptives that cause harmful effects on to a US-based manufacturer of intra:h caused serious side-effects of profuse
4

Page 51
bleeding, inflammatory infection and e Bangladeshi women have received col has created a public awareness on the
92. UNDP. YOU AND AIDS The Bangladesh at a glance. P. 3 N http://WWW. you candiaid S. Org/; ac
According to statistics, a significant p 15-49 are infected with AIDS. The Mi has launched a national programme community leaders to create mass const attempt to prevent the transfer of AII transmission. UNFPA in support of th AIDS in the various components of th In this context, UNDP has developec capacity building, blood safety and ado assistance to the Shakti Project of CA vulnerable groups among women. Th technical/financial aid to local NGOs on migrant workers. In close involver Bank supports projects that focus on:
o High-risk behaviour change inte
Advocacy and communication; Institutional capacity building.
93. UNICEF. Domestic Violence
lp. Source - http://www.unicel
UNICEF takes a rights-based approac part of gender discrimination that unde their country programme integrates ge to eliminate violence against women. attacks where the "Help Acid Survivor, and care of victims. Supported by CID Acid Survivors Foundation that provi victims, enabling them to reintegrate
94. UNICEF & Government of
Situation assessment and analys
Dhaka. December 1999.

ven death to women users. Sixty-three mpensation for damages and this case selective use of contraception.
HIV/AIDS Portal for Asia Pacific : ew York. December 2004. Source -
essed on 17 March 2005.
ercentage of women, in the age group nistry of Health and Family Planning to combat the issue by drawing on iousness on HIV/AIDS. The strategies DS virus through sexual and perinatal he state initiative has integrated HIV/ eir Reproductive Health Programmes. activities in support of institutional lescent health services. DFID provides ARE, Bangladesh, which works with e support allows for the provision of in order to ensure policy makers focus ment with the UN agencies, the World
rvention;
What UNICEF is doing. 31 May 2002.
org/, accessed on 21 July 2003).
ch to domestic violence, viewing it as rmines women's rights. In Bangladesh, nder concerns to build a global network UNICEF works with victims of acids' initiative is involved in the treatment A this has lead to the establishment of des treatment and rehabilitation to the into Society.
Bangladesh. Legislation. P. 130-13 1. is of children and women in Bangladesh.

Page 52
This part of the report relates to the law of women and children for sexual exp is a “cross-border crime”, the laws ha increasing trend of trafficking. This ca Bangladesh and the neighbouring cou persons.
95. United Nations Economic and Pacific. Bangladesh. P 1 - 10. Na family in Asia and the Pacific. N.
This paper refers to the national pol women play a crucial role as half the of households. The state policy theref gender-integrated development plan:
Implementing women's program Poverty alleviation among wom Training and employment proje Promoting women's NGOs.
Roles played by Grameen Bank, Minist of Health & Family Welfare are explore to legal reforms on child marriage, empowering women and the family.
96. United Nations Economic and Pacific. Proceedings : Women women's access to health care s Pacific : High-Level intergover|| implementation of the Beijing F October 1999 : New York, Unite
Bangladesh has adopted policy measu family planning interventions for won formulated, with mandatory birth a Population Sectoral Programme is a g and caters to the special needs of wo obstacles such as limited resources, implement the health policy and harmfu in the Society.

s available with regard to the trafficking loitation. As trafficking in Bangladesh ve not had a significant impact on the ls for a "legal understanding' between intries that are recipients of trafficked
Social Commission for Asia and the ational policies and programmes of the ew York, UN. 1993.
cies benefiting the family, where the population in the country and as heads ore, includes the following issues for a
meS;
en; cts for women;
ry of Women's Affairs and the Ministry d in this context. The paper also relates polygamy and guardianship towards
Social Commission for Asia and the
and health . Initiatives to increase ervices. P49. Women in Asia and the nmental Meeting to Review Regional latform for Action, New York), 26-29 2d Nations. 2000.
res to eliminate harmful medical and nen. A medical code of ethics is being und death registrations. The Health ender-responsive body for health care omen. The programme however faces
lack of medical/health personnel to family planning practices deep-rooted

Page 53
97. United Nations. Economic and Pacific. Bangladesh : Violence women's rights as human righ (Studies on Women in Developr
As a result of an increased number of groups the Penal Code of Bangladesh h; against Women including homicide and (Deterrent Punishment) Ordinance 19 rape, dowry-related violence, traffick rape. These laws however are poorly im institutions fail to recognise domestic to intervene on behalf of the wome subordinate status of women. In this co offence. Furthermore, Fatwas are bei contraceptives and their efforts to educa Policy on Women on the 8th March 199 against gender-based violence as a pri focuses on the eradication of physical, social levels; forced prostitution and r, While proposing amendments to the supportive measures to victims of rape : in the police and judicial services an timely action against gender crimes.
98. United Nations Commission o Costa Rica, Dominican Republ
resolution : Traffic in women an 1997. 4.p.
Bangladesh is one of the countries whe to bordering nations and the Far East Fourth World Conference on Women, of Strategic objectives and action again calls upon the government to take pri and other forms of exploitation by t Rapporteurs to report on trafficking as girl children.
99. United Nations High Commis P.12. Interim Report on the elim

Social Commission for Asia and the 2 against women. P40-46. Promoting ts. New York, United Nations, 1999. ment — 2).
gender crimes and protests by women's as incorporated laws relating to violence physical hurt. The Cruelty to Women 83 specifies stringent punishment for ing and grievous hurt or death due to plemented because the law enforcement and family violence and are unwilling n victims, reinforcing the traditional bntext, marital rape is not a punishable ng issued to women for the usage of te themselves. In declaring the National 7 the government has identified actions ority issue for intervention. The policy sexual and mental abuse at family and ape; dowry and gender-based violence. existing laws the policy recommends and trafficking, a gendered participation d simple legal/judicial procedures for
in the Status of Women. Bangladesh, ic, Mongolia and Philippines : Draft d girls. (E.CN.6/1997/L. 11). 18 March
re women and girls are trafficked across . This resolution is a follow-up to the Beijing (1995) on the implementation st this gender crime. The Commission eventive measures to eliminate Sexual he traffickers facilitating the Special a form of violence against women and
sion for Human Rights. Bangladesh. ination of all forms of intolerance and

Page 54
discrimination based on religion of the Commission on Human R Commissioner for Human Rights
This report relates to an over-ruling mac in recognising the rights of a divorced M Ordinance which places women in a legislation protecting women from unregistered traditional marriages i sanctioned only up to 3 months from
court ruling in 1998 has resulted in the should continue until she remarries or
100. USAID. Combating trafficking
Cambodia and Nepal. s.l. 31 WWW, usaid.gov/locations/asia in on 11 January 2004).
This article relates to the role of med the issue of trafficking, among the rur women and girls are victims to cross countries. Assisted by USAID, Bangla is a travelling theatre group committe and screening of feature films that \ trafficking. The issue is also incorpor so that the topic could be conveyed in t the survivors and prosecuting the traffi campaign on anti-trafficking, where vic into society through the centres for information on trafficking cases.
101. USAID. Frontlines : Demog Bangladesh . Track and reduce 2004. Source - http://www.u neWS/frOntlines dhS2.html ; acc
A fertility survey conducted in the co have had 'unwanted pregnancies and used contraceptives. In order to promo the Ministry of Health has drawn in
communities who work at satellite cen
3

or belief. Prp. The Special Rapporteur ights. Geneva, Office of the UN High 23 September 1999. (Doc. A/54/386).
le by the Supreme Court of Bangladesh uslim woman, upon the Muslim Family disadvantaged position. The current
arbitrary divorce does not cover n rural settings, and the alimony is the date of the divorce. However, the restoration of a law where the alimony dies.
in women and children in Bangladesh, October 2003. 2p. Source -http:// ear east/features/trafficking; accessed
ia and theatre in raising awareness on al poor and urban slums, where many border trafficking to Nepal and other adesh Institute of Theatre Arts (BITA) 2d to raising awareness through plays warn people against the ill-effects of ated into the Imam training activities, he sermons given at mosques. Helping ickers is yet another activity within the tims/survivors are helped to reintegrate legal counselling, which also provide
raphic and health surveys helped rate of population growth. 2p. March
Said.gov/our Work/global health/pop/ essed on 11 January 2005).
untry found that 68% of the mothers only 13% of the respondents had ever te maternal health and family planning, women health advisors from the rural tres created by USAID, to offer family
8

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planning and health care services for w with the assistance of USAID encoura go for regular health check-ups, while girls to raise consciousness on issues
102. UNFPA. Campaign to End Fistu
: The Cairo Consensus at Ten: global effort to end poverty. Nev
Obstetric Fistula is a major cause of In Bangladesh, a large number of wo ostracised. Under the sponsorship of Fistula aims to create awareness on th services. The campaign surveys the prevention and treatment of fistula. In established within the Dhaka Medica service providers in South Asia to cop
Reaching adolescent girls in ru
In Bangladesh, the average age for chil rural societies, the existing health se health needs of young girls, where inf available to them to understand S pregnancies, sexually transmitted disea UNICEF and UNFPA, together, haves Abijan' to encourage adolescent lea health and marriage-age are focused
Population Council, BRAC and the ( the programme is based on non-trac training such as journalism and pl consciousness on the reproductive he
103. Violence against women - Ba Women's Journal. Issue.5, 199
Gender-based violence in Banglades advancement in the recent years. This
4. Obstetric fistula is a hole that forms bet as a result of prolonged and obstructed causes social ostracism of the Woman

omen. Health clinics run by local NGOs
ge women to obtain contraceptives and conducting workshops for women and
related to maternal health.
la. P54. State of World Population 2004 Population, reproductive health and the w York. 2004.
maternal morbidity and child mortality. men live with fistula and are socially UNFPA, the Global Campaign to End he issue, often neglected by health care needs assessment and promotes the this context, a Fistula Repair Centre is il College to deal with cases and train pe with the issue.
ral Bangladesh. P 79.
d bearing is 20. However, in traditional, rvices tend to ignore the reproductive ormation and Services need to be made exuality, protection from un wanted ises and the subsequent risk of infertility. ponsored a programme entitled "Kishori dership of women, where reproductive upon. Working in partnership with the entre for Mass Education in Science, litional, livelihood skill development hotography, with the aim of raising alth/rights of women.
ngladesh. P. 108. Solidarity : SAARC 8.
h has been a major threat to women's article explores the State action in terms
ween a woman's vagina and bladder or rectum, labour. Fistula leads to death of the baby and
39

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of legal reforms to combat gender vio. problem, this paper calls for the launch sensitise both the public and the law deal with gender crimes.
104. Warzazi, Halima Embarek.
measures to eliminate harmful tr 24. Review of further develop Commission has been concernec the health of women and child CN.4/ Sub.2/1991/6).
This section of the report imparts info harmful traditional practices against W The Government of Bangladesh aims and gender oppression through the im
Dowry Prohibition Act of 1980; Cruelty to Women (Deterent Pu) Child Marriage Restraint Act Ar The Muslim Family Law Ordina The Penal Code (Second Ame punishment for causing grievo WOՈՂՇՈ.
105. Women and Global Human Ri 5p. (Source-http://www.acidsury
A recent trend of women's protests i perpetrated upon Women, in particul, asserting their human rights, women's reject marriage proposals in a Society to husband as serfs. This online paper as a gender crime and support measuri health care services and NGOs. Furthe Women and Child Repression (Contr maximum punishment for the offenders in punishing the attackers, as the victii to withdraw the police complaint. He human rights organisations to press f protection to the victim.

ence. Considering the issue as a social ing of awareness-raising campaigns to enforcement authorities as to how to
unnary of information received on aditional practices : Bangladesh. P23ments in fields with which the Sub: Study on traditional practices affecting en. s.l.). 5 July 1991. (Doc. No : E/
mation on state measures to eliminate omen and the girl-child in Bangladesh.
to eliminate violence against women plementation of:
hishment) Ordinance, 1983; mendment Ordinance, 1984; ince of 1961 (as amended in 1982); ndment) Ordinance providing capital us hurt as a result of acid-attacks on
ghts. The atrocity of acid attacks. s.l. vors.org/, accessed on 20 January 2003.
n Bangladesh is against acid attacks ar adolescent girls. In the process of groups believe that they have a right to where women were passed from father concerns the incidence of acid attacks 's provided to victims of attack by the , it explores the state legislation as the al) Act that sets death penalty as the In practice, this law proves ineffective n and her family are often under threat nce, it is in the interest of women's/ or a more effective law that provides

Page 57
106. Women Living Under Muslim I A documentary filmu. P. 135-13 Bangladesh. Grabels (France).
A documentary film made by the WL in response to violence perpetrated aga Produced as part of an outreach progr violence as a result of Fat was or community/religious elders. Focusing past 2 years, the film places them in a tying these events to the role of religio controlling women’s autonomy, and til Social movements for democracy and
107. Women Living Under Muslim
Grabels, 9 October 1995. P..
A protest by the women's groups in B: Nari Samaj (United Women's Moven protest police violence against WC investigation on the incident of rape at year old housemaid, perpetrated by th
108. Women Living Under Muslim
Kamal. s.l., May 1995. Grab
An appeal to the police force and Mini the case of Sultana Kamal a victim of re the inaction of the police during the inc the culprits of mob violence leashed u
109. Women Living Under Muslin Dhaka. 1997. Lahore. 1997). 2.
This booklet provides the strategies a gender-related violence in the rise of cultural practices that are detrimental to situations that require urgent action
* Punishment sanctioned by village cour
4

aws WLUML). Grahankal (Eclipse): 8; notes. Fatwas against women in 996.
UML International Solidarity Network inst women due to religious extremism. amme, the film documents incidents of
penalties sanctioned to women by
on incidents that occurred during the
historical context of political change, us extremism and authoritarian politics he use of religion as a tool to suppress Secularism.
h Laws WLUML). Alert for Action.
angladesh, under the banner Sammilito nent) launching a public campaign to omen. The Samaj appeals for state nd murder of Yasmin Akhtar a thirteene police of Bangladesh.
Laws. An appeal on the case of Sultana els, (France). 2p.
stry of Home Affairs of Bangladesh, on ligious fanaticism. The letter condemns ident, and calls for urgent action against pon Sultana and her family members.
Laws WLUML). Plan of Action : 4p.
hd programmes of WLUML to address eligious extremism, militarisation and o women's health. Formed in response (1984-85) against atrocities committed

Page 58
on women, WLUML has created a netw within Muslim countries and commu oriented against gender oppression a armed conflict. The programme for 19
Solidarity efforts; Collective projects; Women and law - Outreach pro Capacity building.
See also Citation Nos. 382, 462, 491, 71,976,978,979,981,983-86,990,

ork among women and women's groups nities. This women’s NGO is actiond violence targeted against women in 97 falls under the following themes:
grammes;
677, 766, 795, 842, 961-63,966, 96893, 1002, 1004, 1012 & 1022.
42

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1.2. BH
110. Bhutan Wonnen & Children O
BWCOJ. Prp. Pratima Khadka.
(Source - http://www3. Lindp.org.
BWCO is a pioneer women's NGO e women refugees in exile. This web doc of protecting, promoting and defendi CEDAW and the Beijing Platform fo eliminating gender-related violence anc of women refugees and to create solida has launched programmes of hunger Str in India and Nepal.
111. Bhutanese refugee women see
Vol. 1. Issue. l. Spring/Summer 2
Following a report published by the Rights Watch, the government of Ne Bhutanese refugee camps have improv systems for cases of domestic violence legal services for survivors of violence sexual exploitation and domestic vic services have been improved with ir "women's focal points' that monitor ge initiatives with legal aid have lead to the survivors of violence. In cases of di been 'split to make provision for wo separate housing for those fleeing fron Watch constantly monitors the reform: independence and freedom from viole
112. BRAVVE. The empowerment
adversity. Kathmandu. 200l. 3 accessed on 22 February 2003).
6
"Trapped by Inequality: Bhutanese refug September 2003.

UTAN
rganisation (BWCO). I A report on Kathmandu. 16 February 1999. 9p. t; accessed on 22 February 2003).
stablished in 1990 by the Bhutanese ument outlines their activities in terms |ng women's rights. In keeping with or Action the BWCO works towards discrimination. To highlight the plight rity at grass root level the organisation ikes, group discussions and campaigns
2ction. P4-5. Women's Rights News. 005.
Women's Rights Division of Human pal, UNHCR and NGOs operating in ved security measures, created referral 2 and better coordination of health and '. In response to the high prevalence of plence in the camps, the counselling ncreased community support through inder-based violence. Awareness raising a better access to a justice system for Omestic violence, the ration cards have men refugees, while seeking to ensure m abusive spouses. The Human Rights S in order to provide a greater level of nce for the women refugees.
2f women : Opportunities realised in p. (Source - http://www.reliefweb.int;
ee women in Nepal' by Human Rights Watch,

Page 60
This website explores the activities of Violence (BRAVVE) a community-b women in exile. Metamorphosed from in the camps of Nepal, BRAVVE su and forced displacement from Bhut experience of violence and trauma counseling services, social mobilisati credit facilities and non-formal educati economic independence.
113. CEDAW-in-Action List Archiv from Bhutan. Prp. Pratima Khad
Source - http://www3. undp. accessed on 22 February 2003.
This article is a summary of activitic organisation (BWCO) concerning the BWCO is a non-governmental, con established to organise themselves for in exile. While launching hunger-strik women refugees, the organisation is CEDAW principles and conducts foi human rights and the rights of the chi
114. Greene-Roesel, Justin and
and institutional organisation ir notes , ref. The myth of comm development. Ed. Irene Guijt et a
Women constitute the most vulnerable in the mid 90's as a result of politica examines how 3 organisations viz., (RDP), Union of National Societies fo and Links in Service Fund (LSF) fal have systematically increased the parti in camp activities. The paper highlight to assess the level of women's particip such activities, with an overall objecti decision-making about matters affec community relations.

Bhutanese Refugees Aiding Victims of ased NGO founded by the Bhutanese he Women's Forum of Refugees (WFR) oports women victims of rape, torture an. As a positive action against the
Women refugees are provided with on, Vocational training, access to microon to build up their self-esteem, towards
es. (CEDAW Educating refugee vomen ka. Kathmandu. 17 February 1999. lp. Drg/WW/lists/cedaW/msg000 12.html;
es of the Bhutan Women and Children State of refugee women living in Nepal. hmunity-based women's organisation brotection, promotion and empowerment (es and rallies to highlight the status of
engaged in educating women on the
ums to create awareness of women's ld.
inton, Rachel. Gender, participation Bhutanese refugee camps. P210-226, unity : Gender issues in participatory l. New Delhi, Vistaar Publications. 1998.
group among those who fled to Nepal and ethnic persecution. This chapter he Refugee Development Programme r Investment in Development (UNSID) ling under the discipline of UNHCR, cipation of women refugees at all levels the framework presented by the NGOs ation and to analyse the implication of ve of enhancing women's autonomy in ting their lives, pertinent to gender/

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115. Kingdom of Bhutan. Stateme Permanent Representative of Bl of Delegation of the Kingdom C Equality, Development and Pea York. 9 June 2000.
This statement condones the status of is gender equality in matters of family 1996 the national assembly amended ensure that women received gender just to women's employment, legal pr discrimination/exploitation of women
116. National Women's Studies
Workshop at the World Social fo
- http://www.n WSa.org; accesse
Women refugees from Bhutan presen NSWA in collaboration with the World formed a forum for the refugee womer during the conflict in Bhutan, and for In order to support them, two South A in collaboration with the Government support for the displaced women, ir enhance their status.
117. Park, Eric. Doinestic violenc Lunscher. Source - http://www.sa
The author interviews Bhutanese wom the prevalence of domestic violenc patriarchal traditions of Bhutan reflec rape within the camp. The interviewee Bhutanese social structures do not ac social network support is available foi
118. Royal Government of Bhutan. Conference on Women to be h
7 “Women Re-Imagining the United Nati
2004

ont by H. E. Ambassador Om Pradhan hutan to the United Nations and Head of Bhutan. 2p. Women 20000: Gender ace for the Twenty First Century. New
women in Bhutan, where by law there , inheritance, marriage and divorce. In the Marriage Act of 1980, in order to ice in marriage and divorce. With regard ovisions are formulated to prevent
employees.
Association NWSA. NWSA/USA rum. 2p. Maryland. July 2004. Source d on 12 September 2004).
ted their cases at a workshop held by Social Forum, Mumbai. This workshop l to express themselves on issueS faced ced migration to other Asian countries, Asian human rightS groups are Working of Finland, to provide socio-monetary particular empowerment training to
'e against women. Transl. Wolfgang wnet.com; accessed on 19 January 2003
en in the refugee camps of Nepal where e is high. Case studies focus on the ting patterns of wife abuse and marital ’s expressed the fact that Nepalese and knowledge unwed-motherhood and no r unwed mothers.
National Report for the Fourth World eld in Beijing (China), from 4 to 15
ions: Making Change', Mumbai, 18 January

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September 1995. Thimpu. 1994. Package : Seminar on "Implicati Women for Bilateral Development April 1996.
This report refers to the legal status of marriage and gender-based sexual viole state has established a women's inst Association of Bhutan (NWAB) to enc building. Statistics on women's educatio the report.
119. Trapped by Inequality: Bhutane, Human Rights Watch. Vol. 15, No
This report relates to the uneven respo Nepal, as indicated by the high incid Bhutanese women refugees in the car exploitation, child marriage and traffic Registration procedures and access discriminatory, violating the guiding prin as heads of households to obtain humi while describing the effect of changes
aid and staff since 2002 and the challeng the camp management committees or as Security measures of reporting and refer
O Nepal and Bhutan should abide by rights of women and children a CEDAW and the Convention on O Nepalese government and UNHCF domestic violence, amend the cam in Nepalese domestic law; O International community should refugee women and children -in and technical assistance; O Donor governments, developme ensure that guidelines and commit in positive and lasting change.
120. UNICEF. UNICEF - Bhutan C. 2001.3p. Source-http://www.un 2003.

17 p.; annex. Pre-seminar information ons of the Fourth World Conference On Cooperation", Chennai (Madras), 23-25
women with regard to property rights, ce. In keeping with the U.N. Charter, the litution called the National Women's ourage women's participation in nationon, employment and health is annexed to
se refugee women in Nepal. 77p.; notes. . 5(c). September 2003.
Inse of UNHCR and the government of ence of gender-based violence among mps of Nepal - domestic abuse, sexual :king of Women and girls in particular. to aid in refugee camps are gender ciples of UNHCR that recognizes women anitarian aid independently. The report, in UNHCR guidelines for humanitarian es confronting refugee women serving in women's focal points, refers to the current 'al systems. This report recommends that:
their commitments to protect the human is demonstrated by their ratification of the Rights of the Child (CRC);
R should improve their response to prevent pregistration system and promote changes
share responsibility for the protection of terms of financial aid, political pressure
nt institutions, and aid agencies should ments to protecting refugee women result
ommitted partners in progress. Thimpul. icef.org/bhutan/; accessed on 29 February

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This web page reports on the progress m in the area of women's reproductive
high maternal mortality in the country outreach-clinics and camps at district and child health. In support of the state provides primary health care for wom
21. UNDP. YOU AND AIDS: The HI at a glance. 2p. Thimpu). I www.youandaids.org/, accessed
Bhutan'S National STD/AIDS Contro initiative that involves all sections of children who are high-risk groups decentralised administrative system, ed has been taken to the grass roots, and well. In partnership with UNFPA, repro created among Women and adolescents
since 1990. The activities of the plan (
Establishment of a HIV sentine Screening of blood donation at t Training health workers at all le Promotion of the use of condom Education/information campaigi support of community leaders.
122. United Nations Economic and Pacific UNECSOC. Women women's access to health care s Pacific : High-level Intergoverr Implementation of the Beijing Pla Proceedings. New York, United
In Bhutan the government has sancti maternal and child health where hea delivered through a network of hospital centres and outreach clinics. A repr( established with the aim to:
O Encourage more pregnant wome O Decrease the number of early m O Decrease the rate of maternal m
4

hade by UNICEF in Bhutan, particularly health care. Faced with a situation of the health team of UNICEF serves the levels providing services in maternal health care programme the UNAgency 2n and children as a national priority.
V/AIDS Portal for Asia Pacific : Bhutan December 2004. Source - http://
on 15 January 2005.
l Programme adopts a multi-sectoral
the society, in particular women and s to HIV/AIDS. Integrated with the ucation and awareness raising on AIDS included in educational curricula as ductive health/HIV awareness has been through a medium-term plan developed 2ncompass:
surveillance system; he blood banks;
vels;
as a preventive measure ns aimed at high-risk groups with the
Social Commission for Asia and the and Health : Initiatives to increase ervices. P49. Women in Asia and the hmental Meeting to Review Regional atform for Action, 26-29 October 1999 :
Nations. 2000.
oned high priority to programmes on lth and family planning services are ls, basic health units, community health bductive health programme has been
in to seek antenatal services; arriages and teenage pregnancies; ortality.
7

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Besides the state health personnel, vi established to improve the existing he awareness on basic health, nutritional
See also Citation Nos. 473, 506, 532,

llage health workers programmes are ath facilities and to enhance women's ld family planning.
554&976。

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13
123. Aawaaz-e-Niswan. Aawaaz-e-N Personal law and Women: A Rep 4-6 June 1999. Bombay. August
Aawaaz-e-Niswan is a women’s grou against the oppression of Muslim W families and community through the p against women. Working with other Niswan supports individuals in distres activity is to help women subjected to for dowry, forced into divorce throu maintenance (Mehr) and abandoned classes are held for women, in particu their awareness and self-confidence. Women's Movement in Ranchi (Decer attention to the Muslim Personal La education and training.
124. Abating, or exploding. P21-23.
23 April 2003.
Government of India with the aid of t AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) t the efforts of various state-level orga spread of HIV/AIDS. Under this banr non-governmental organisation distri Mumbai, as a means to control AIDS.
125. Aberu, Robin. Second wife's r
1998.
Bigamous marriages are taking up a la courts in India and it is the Women \ practices. This news article condones : Court that ruled in favour of alimony According to women activists, the woman's rights, even though bigamy i Hindu Marriage Act.

NDIA
iswan . An introduction. P. l-5. Muslim ort of the National Conference, Mumbai,
1999.
p whose primary objective is to work omen, who are suffering within their ersonal law that imposes a gender bias Women's groups with similar motives, S both legally and socially. Their major physical and mental torture, harassed gh oral Talaq, forced to forfeit their without any form of Support. Literacy lar, the victims of violence, to increase At the Sixth National Conference on mber 1997), the organisation has drawn aw and the urgent need for women's
The Economist. Vol.371, No. 8371. 17
he World Bank has set up the National
o oversee the anti-AIDS campaign and hisations that are geared to control the ler, the People's Health Organisation a butes free condoms to sex Workers in
ights. P58. India Today. 2 November
ge proportion of the work of the family who become victims of such unlawful recent judgement of the Bombay High
to the victim of a 'second marriage. egal proceedings have Sustained the s a punishable offence according to the

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126. Abortion Assessment Project - - http://www.cehat.org; access
In India, abortion is legally permitted a large number of them are performe institutions, often by untrained pers( results in many a maternal death. Th policy on abortion care, available abo the quality of services provided, i influencing the decision for abortion mortality. The project leads to advocac right of women, towards quality abor
127. Acid attack victim to get relief.
A city court in Bangalore sentenced for 5/2 years of imprisonment and Hussain was paid compensation to ena on her face and affected area of her t conviction of the accused, which rais in a case where the victim has suffere of the attack.
128. Act against eve-teasing to get m
In the wake of continuing acts of eve Nadu has introduced a Bill viz., the T; Women Act with more stringent p imprisonment and a heavy fine on th teasing or Sexual harassment. Signif proving innocence lies on the accused or suicide' of the victim.
129. ActionAid India. Violent homes with women victims of domesti ref. (Learning from Experience
This study examines the systematic el past achievements in providing serv particular wife abuse and family-rel

India (AAP-II. 5p. s.l. 20... Source ed on 15 June 2004).
under prescribed conditions. However, d in places other than registered, legal ons under unhygienic conditions. This his national project aims to review the rtion services, women's perceptions on influence of socio-economic factors and the causes of abortion morbidity/ y on issues concerning the reproductive tion services and after-care.
The Hindu. 7 May 2004.
the perpetrator of a case of acid-attack cash penalty. The victim Ms. Haseena ble her to undergo treatment and Surgery body. It took a period of 5 years for the ses the question of belated’judgement d prolonged health problems as a result
ore teeth. The Hindu. 31 October 2002.
-teasing the State Government of Tamil amil Nadu Prohibition of Harassment of rovision. This Bill provides for life lose causing death of a woman by eveicantly, the Bill states that the onus of of having caused the "harassment death
. A study of Shakthi Shalini's experience c violence. Bangalore. May 1994. 26p.; : Series No. 1).
fforts of a women's organisation and the ices to Women victims of violence, in
ated violence. Based in Delhi Shakthi
50

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Shalini offers services to women seekin cases of violence against Women. In co police, legal personnel, the organisatio of dowry-related violence through crisi shelters, skills training for economic
long-term programmes for the rehabili
130. Agnes, Flavia. Contesting ri
guardianship in matrimonial disp - October 1999.
This essay is a critical review of a rece 1999) which has declared the mother Many have interpreted this to mean th; as a result of family abuse/matrimoni with the fear of losing her children. The Hindu Guardianship and Minority A Guardian & Wards Act of 1890 based stresses that, in a traditional Indian sc her children are treated as a burden strategy is required to ensure regular Spouse.
131. AIDWA Opposes clemency. The
The women's wing of the Communist F have appealed to the President of Indi. Chatterjee who faces capital punishmen of a school girl. Evidently, the groups penalty, but the gruesome nature of th Alternatively, sex workers in Calcutta the punishment and demanded for an Penal Code.
132. AIDWA seeks arrest of Tandon.
Women's organisations have staged a death of women at a “sari distribution” f in an area where prohibition orders we
Case of Geeta Hariharan vs. Reserve E
5

g help and succeeds in resolving many ordination with other women’s NGOs, n works towards reducing the outbreak s intervention, provision of temporary independence, emotional support and tation of victim-survivors.
ghts over children : Custody and putes. 2p. Manushi. No. 114. September
nt Supreme Court ruling (2nd February as a natural guardian of her children. at a woman Separated from the spouse al dispute will no longer be hounded author evaluates such cases under the ct (1956) that was derived from the on English Family Law. The article ociety where the divorced woman and
by the natal family, a vigilant legal
access to her maintenance from the
Hindu. 30 June 2004.
'arty of India (CPI-M) and the AIDWA a not to grant clemency to Dhananjoy t for the pre-meditated rape and murder are opposed to the liberal use of death he crime has forced them to demand it. have staged a demonstration against exclusion of the punishment from the
The Hindu. 13 April 2004.
public protest over the stampede and unction organised by a political leader cre in force. The All India Democratic
rank of India, 99(2) SCC. p.228.

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Women's Association (AIDWA), Natio and many women’s NGOs condemn forthcoming elections, as an act of poli for their personal interest.
133. All India Institute of Hygien Respect reliance recognition . H 19... P. Source – ICES Archiv
This is a brochure on the state spons sexually transmitted diseases (STD) a programme was conducted for sex wol economically as the community "at-risl as the peer educators to access the co following components:
o Provision of health services inc O Information, education and com o Prevention of STD through the
The programme, with the partnership the forum for sex workers ensures the
134. All India Institute of Hygiene dream a pledge a fulfilment. Fin Programme ISHIP1 at Sonagac 1997. 30p.; ill.; maps.
This report is a follow-up of SHIP, that project alone, but has assumed a wide beings with the AIDS question. Exp reveals that the sex workers can be age them for welfare and protection of th document reveals the birth of Durbar governmental organisation for and by
135. All India Democratic Women’ of dowry itself is a crime, not jus as Dowry :The Expanding Dii September 2002.

hal Federation of Indian Women (NFIW) his act as a political gimmick for the ticians manipulating poverty and gender
e and Public Health (AIH & PH). IV/STD Intervention Project. Calcutta. es on Violence Against Women).
ored health programme on control of t the community level in Calcutta. The kers who are marginalized socially and ... Drawing sex workers, mostly women mmunity, the programme includes the
luding treatment for STD; munication on health; Condom Programme.
of local community organisations and ir rights to safe sex and health.
and Public Health (AIIH & PH). A e years stint of STD/HIV Intervention hi : 1992-1997. Calcutta. November
has ceased to be a medical intervention :r social perspective of treating human eriences gained from the programme nts for social change, hence organising eir rights is an effective strategy. This Mahila Samanwaya (DMS) as a nonthe sex workers.
s Association (AIDWA). The practice t its excess. Dowry as a Crime-Crime mensions of Dowry, New Delhi, 1-2

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Surveys conducted in various states o activists in the field are learning new
This Workshop aims at linking the rese a series of questions, clarifications
stressed that the anti-dowry movemei reform movement, calling for a natio) The workshop also focussed on the ne films, which portray women as "traditic despite the detrimental effects on thei
136. All India Democratic Women
AIDWA. New Delhi. 20... P. Against Women).
AIDWA is a left-oriented women's org equality and women's emancipation by Societies in all the states of India. This bi including countering domestic violer advocacy for the victims and campaign
137. Alternative for India Develop Commission (NHRC) : Are wom (Madras). September 1994. 4p.
This is a critique by AID on the role violence in India. Referring to Article questions the stand taken in case of abortion and other forms of violence ag the NGO campaign held in Dharmap prevalence of female infanticide preva non-governmental community organi Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Tamil Nad of violence perpetrated against wome need for family planning and conduct
138. Amnesty International. Dej [London). 26 April 2000. (AI II
This web document highlights incidenc human rights activists by state machi cases were filed against the director a

n the practice of dowry through which methods to understand Social realities. arch and the practice of dowry through and interpretations. The participants it should be taken forward as a social nal campaign against dowry practices. gative impact of television serials and n bound and have to live with customs r lives.
's Association (AIDWA). Introducing Source - ICES Archives on Violence
anisation committed to achieve gender involving women from rural and urban Ochure outlines the activities of AIDWA, ce through community support, legal s to raise public awareness on the issue.
ment [AID). National Human Rights en to gain? Prp. K.S. Sunanda. Chennai
of NHRC with regard to gender based 12 of the State Constitution, this paper female infanticide, crude/unhygenic gainst women. The document highlights uri District of Tamil Nadu against the lent in the tribal communities. AID is a sation working in the States of Bihar, u against domestic and traditional forms in, raising awareness towards the vital ing community health programmes.
ending human rights in India. P... Idex ASA 20/008/2000).
2 of violence perpetrated against women/ nery. In July 1998 a series of criminal ind members of Bal Rashmi Society of
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Rajasthan, which had conducted a ca gang rape in Jaipur. Evidently, a girl W men including a police officer. The cal to arrest the perpetrators, and was criti case. Subsequently, Alice Garg the diri accused of criminal offences, taken int( to such crimes. After much internatio National Human Rights Commission (N into the allegations, which recommenc cases held at the Magistrate’s court di Court of Rajasthan found these allegatio on bail. In this appeal, Amnesty Inter India to “protect human rights defende carry out their work freely."
139. Amnesty International. In discrimination : The impact of vi and Rajasthan . London). 8 Ma
Providing information on the nature Women of oppressed castes and indig the responsibilities of the Government those belonging to marginalized group case studies contains briefs on campai related violence on tribal women and also includes a critical evaluation of accepting complaints, legislation deal taken by National Commission for Wom such crimes. Recommendations are ad governments within the framework c marginalized communities.
140. Amnesty International. India
Dhananjoy Chatterjee (M). 22 J,
The Amnesty opposes death penalty Sanctioned in a recent case of rape and Calcutta. The case was taken from the ultimately granting capital punishmer nature of the crime.

mpaign to bring justice to a victim of as raped inside a women's hostel by 15 npaign focused on the failure of police cal of the state non-intervention in this actor, and members of the society were police custody and forced to 'confess' hal pressure and intervention from the HRC) the government ordered a probe led that the cases be withdrawn. These d not receive due justice, but the High ns "false' and the activists were released national calls upon the Government of :rs and to take steps to ensure that they
dia : The battle against fear and olence against women in Uttar Pradesh y 2001. 53p. (Doc. ASA 20/016/2001).
of gender violence suffered by rural enous origin, this report comments on of India to protect women, especially ps. This document, supplemented with gns by women activists against gender chose belonging to oppressed castes. It the response of the law enforcers in ing with gender crimes and the stand nen (NCW) in protecting and preventing dressed to both the state and the central )f women's human rights and that of
: Dealth penalty/imminent execution, une 2004. (AIIndex ASA 20/008/2004)
as a violation of human rights, as murder of a school girl in her home in Trial Court to the Supreme Court, and it to the accused, due to the 'savage'

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141. Amnesty International. Indi
concerns expressed by Human 1997. 2p. (AI Index. ASA 20/40
The Human Rights Committee of the It and Political Rights) expresses its conc in particular custodial rape and torture Kashmir suffering a prolonged armed c Powers) Act in operation. The Comm examine the provisions of the Act, to Covenant to which India is a state par
142. Amnesty International. Publ against rape and sexual abuse Assam and Manipur: 2p. 12 Nove
Members of AI urge the Central Gove take immediate steps to prevent sexual forces in Assam and Manipur where
has given them endless powers, in par The statement highlights the commit UN Conference on Women (1995) to eliminate violence against women, pro laws to punish state agents involved
action against the perpetrators.
143. Annamalai, S. Focus on VAW.
government. The Hindu. 23 Mai
Violence against women is a major t torture in the State of Tamil Nadu. forefront of this campaign, conductin; voluntary workers on the issue of ge enforcement of the UN Optional Pro has drawn in political parties to ta Furthermore, the Watch works with oth to document cases of violence against on the proceedings. A public hearing is of gender violence to relate their expe

a Government should respond to Rights Committee. London. 1 August /97).
CCPR (International Covenant on Civil cern on incidence of custodial violence, , in the Northeast of India and Jammu/ onflict, with the Armed Forces (Special ittee urges the Government of India to determine if it is compatible with the
ty.
ic statement : India : Al Campaigns by members of the security forces in ember 1998. (AIIndex. ASA 20/28/29).
rnment and state authorities in India to torture of women and children by armed the Armed Forces Special Powers Act ticular to search the homes of civilians. ment of the government at the Fourth review national legislation in order to secute the offenders, to adopt/strengthen in such offences and to take effective
Campaign against torture. Call to new y 2004.
heme in a campaign launched against People's Watch a local NGO is in the g a trainers' session to sensitize social/ :nder violence. While stressing on the tocol against Torture, the organisation ke part in this state-wide campaign. er human rights agencies and UNbodies women taken to courts and follows up underway for women victims/survivors erience.
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144. Ankur and Action India et oppose war. P.278-283. Terror Ammu Joseph et al. New Delhi
This document is a public statement human rights activists protesting aga The statement places emphasis on the fundamentalism, as well as the incre: leads to violence and War in India a prime targets. While believing that ar for a democratic dialogue, the move based on respect for human life in a p
145. Anweshi Women's Counselling C h ttno://W W W. V Waparin et. com/] accessed on 19 January 2004).
Anweshi, originated from the wome violence in the state of Kerala, is a pai a joint action group of the movement violence against Women, the centre con with collective intervention in cases o domestic and family abuse. While reci Anweshi offers counselling, legal aid violence. The centre also conducts lite with campaigns to create awareness ( issues.
146. Appeal against first death sente WLUML Newsheet. Vol.X, No.
This news item concerns the efforts of is a state body Working for women grounds of humanity has appealed to th passed on a woman, as the murder wa
147. Arab national harasses teen-agea News. 26 May 2004. Source-h on 19 June 2004.
The city police has arrested an elderly his teenage wife. Police swung into a

al. Delhi Women's Petitition Women Counter-terror : Women speak out. Ed.
Kali for Women. 2003.
issued by women's organisations and inst militarization and armed conflict. patriarchal nature of war and religious sing communalisation of politics, that nd Pakistan, in which women are the med violence is in no way a substitute ment leads to Struggles and processes luralistic, peaceful world.
entre. 2p. [Kozhikode). 2004. [Source — Old Web/Anweshi/casehistory.htm ;
‘n’s movement against gender-related t of Kerala Sthree Vedi (KSV) which is . With an aim to eliminate all forms of nprises a network of community workers f gender violence, in particular those of eiving referrals from the law enforcers, and community support to victims of racy workshops at the grass root level, on sexual harassment and other gender
2nce to woman prisoner in India. P 13. 1. April 1998.
National Commission for Women that s human rights. The Commission, on e President to revoke the death sentence s not pre-meditated.
"wife, held. Ip. Chennai). Chennaionline ttp://www.chennaionline.com; accessed
man of UAE nationality for harassing ction after receiving a complaint from
6

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Ms. Haseena Begum an Indian citizen marry after 2 days of their marriage, of broker. The case has been booked und harassment and 420 for cheating.
148. Aravamudan, Gita. Whose bab)
1994.
This news article concerns the wides and the efforts of the Indian Council fo crime. The Cradle Baby Scheme introc Nadu has managed to rescue a few C ICCW has announced incentives to mo of income generating Ventures and daughters. These have proven succes. still on the decline.
149. “Arrest declining sex ratio?”. TI
Women’s organisations and action grc pre-birth elimination of baby girls to ra of female foetuses. Referring to the
groups call for help from the medica female foeticide, and to set up a mech
150. Arnold, J.P. Saulina. Network fIoleticide and infanticide. P8, Report of the state level Const Ed. Sabu M. George et al. M Development (SIRD).
Foeticide and infanticide of the girl ch beliefs of son-preference. Despite the l centres deploy sex determination tec law and the medical practitioners ar draws attention to the action of NGC network to create consciousness and t as a tangible alternative to female fo should provide free education and e encourage group marriages', so th daughters is eased upon families.

that her husband was planning to reering bride money through a marriage er Section 498(A) dealing with dowry
is she anyway?. The Hindu. 16 October
pread incidence of female infanticide or Child Welfare (ICCW) to prevent the uced by the State Government of Tamil f the baby girls. In the meantime, the thers of baby girls through the provision
long-term monetary benefits to the sful in some cases, but the sex ratio is
he Hindu. 11 July 2004.
oups have launched a campaign against ise consciousness on the 'silent killings declining sex ratio in the country, the l fraternity, the source responsible for anism to track the missing girls.
- a strategy for prevention of female I-83. Female foeticide in Tamil Nadu : Jltation, Chennai, 2-3 December 1998. adurai, Society for Integrated Rural
ild arises out of deep-rooted patriarchal egislation to control the crime, Scanning hniques that are not covered under any e seldom gender sensitive. This paper is through the formation of community D promote safe family planning services eticide. The paper argues that the state mployment opportunities for girls and it the financial burden of bringing up
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151. Asian Development Bank Improving the status of women. ; accessed on 19 June 2003
Providing economic opportunities for ADB, implemented through their Ge Plan. This section of the website refers Environmental Management project o gender and poverty and issues of dom rural, poor women. This project, fall alleviation provides economic opportu economic self-reliance in a violence-f
152. Asian Women's Human Right Some growing reflections : P3-1 Pacific Hearing on Crimes agai Development. s.l., AWHRC &
Dowry is a traditional form of 'gift to Publicly condemned and privately prac the death or suicides of young women pretext of 'not bringing enough”. Thi testimonies pertaining to dowry-relate their legal status during the trial. Vimoc has received cases of dowry-related v victim or from the victim herself who
Female infanticide : Through
This chapter refers to the incidence o Nadu and the response of the state to c. on female infanticide in the Kallar com taken by the social workers from the Nadu. Sponsored by the state, the Cr baby girls, sends them to the state-ru adoption. State “incentives” to keep da voluntary sterilisation are mentioned h
Witch hunting : The Dayans of
Witch-hunt is a traditional form of c indigenous societies. This article prov by the survivors of such violence, and Kheria Sabar Kalyan Samiti, a wom committed to the empowerment of trib
5

ADB. About ADB Objectives : p. 2001. Source - http://www.adb.org
poor women is one of the objectives of nder and Development (GAD) Action to the Urban development and Coastal Karnataka that deals with the issue of estic and sexual violence faced by the ing within the framework of poverty nities for the rural women towards their ree environment.
is Council (AWHRC) et al. Dowry : 3. Speaking tree, Womenspeak : Asianst Women related to the Violence of Vimochana. 28 January 1995.
the bride at the time of her marriage. ticed, this cultural practice has lead to who are maltreated by in-laws on the is part of the publication relates to 3 d deaths in the state of Karnataka and hana, a women's NGO from Bangalore, iolence/deaths from the parents of the has struggled to survive.
modern times. P. 14-21.
f female infanticide reported in Tamil ombat such violence. With testimonies munity, the document briefs on action Family Planning Programme of Tamil idle Baby Scheme accepts abandoned n Baby Welfare Centre, and later for ughters with the family and to undergo leTC.
development : Mojho. P. 42-52.
ommunal violence against women in ides testimonies on witch-hunt as told refers to the works of Paschim Banga en's non-governmental organisation al women.

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Narmada . Her stories of drea
A hearing on the experiences of wom Sardar Sarovar Project and the rehab India. Women activists have played movement against the project that forc uses a vast amount of agricultural lan crore irrigation dam. The movement h by the Government and the World Banl this issue as a form of violence against a of nature.
Chronicle of a demolition : P.
This refers to the protests of YUVA - a displacement of women from urba urbanisation policy of the state, domesti castes, urban poor and indigenous orig and state authorities by perpetrating vic a tangible alternative. YUVA appe: Maharashtra to take action against privileged women who are pavement-d
Bhopal . Their tears refuse
This is a testimony of women victims died as a result of environmental poiso the problems in seeking state support condoning the role played by a wom Mahila Udyog Sanghattan in providin Start.
153. Ashok, Shyamala. Indian sex w violence. 6 June 2002. 2p. (Sou on 10 July 2003).
This web report concerns the activit Rights of the Sex Workers (FARS) a
” In 1985, Bhopal was polluted by the le thousands of people and made many n Fifth Discussion of the Forum for the AC Chennai 13-14 April 2002.

ins, dams and displacement. P. 54-67.
in victims displaced as a result of the litation' policy of the Government of an important role in the resistance bly displaces thousands of people and for the purpose of building a multiis protested against the decision made which funds the project, to reconsider gricultural workers and the devastation
73-79.
human rights NGO, against the forcible n slums in Maharashtra. Under the c workers who are women of oppressed ins have been uprooted by the police lence upon them and without providing als to the Women's Commission of state violence perpetrated on underwellers and residents of the urban slum.
to dry: Razia Bi. P. 91-94.
of the 'Bhopal tragedy, whose spouses ning. The testimonies while relating to and the delay exercised by the state in en's NGOs - the Bhopal Gas Peedith g support for victims to make a fresh
orkers advocacy forum discusses police
rce - http://www.nsw.p.org/, accessed
es of "Forum for the Advocacy and lational support group for sex workers
kage of poisonous gas from a factory, killing ore disabled and homeless. focacy and Rights of the Sex Workers (FARS),

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expressing concern regarding police and their families. Held under the spon the incidence of police violence and t sex workers collectively working on F issues. Their activities encompass pub and demonstrations for the rights o enforcers. A dialogue has been held v and HIV/AIDS interventions to work and rehabilitation of victims.
154. Barge, Sandya et al. Abortion. ref Seminar. No.532. Decembe
The Medical Termination of Pregnanc 3 decades ago to counter the high preva lead to a high degree of maternal mo (1971) implemented to counter the hig that lead to maternal morbidity/mort registered medical practitioner who ha and experience, only under prescrib specified by the Rules and Regulatio study conducted by research agencies u Project. The survey done in the varic services provided by the State - from Evidently, the availability and quality the years, creating a climate conducive service delivery in India. Further, th clinics, in particular those in small tow and cumbersome. Hence many women services. Debates among policy mak have lead to some amendments in procedure for private clinics by dece separate procedure to establish the fac amendment the illegal' provider of abi the legal providers, thereby improv services.
Witch hunting : The Dayans of
Tribal women, especially those in the even killed on the suspicion that they al of witch-hunting, as narrated by the vi
4.

iolence leashed upon the sex workers orship of UNAIDS the forum highlights he activities of the national network of IV/AIDS prevention and human rights lic hearings in the major cities of India f sex workers and sensitivity of law lith NGOs working on anti-trafficking out a common plan towards the rescue
Accessibility and uitlization. P36-40 2003.
y (MTP) Act was implemented in India lence of illegal/unsafe abortions which rbidity/mortality. Under the MTP Act h percentage of illegal/unsafe abortions ality, abortion can be performed by a S the necessary qualifications, training led facilities that meet the standards ns of the Act. This paper relates to a inder the National Abortion Assessment bus states examines the level of MTP
primary health care centres upwards. of MTP services remain the same over to review the abortion policy, law and e registration procedure for abortion "ns and Sub-urban locations are lengthy have little or no access to safe abortion rs, service providers and researchers he Act, simplifying the registration ntralizing the process, and evolving a ilities for abortion services. Under this ortion services are facilitated to become ing women's access to safe abortion
development : Mojho. P. 42-52.
State of Maharashtra are harassed and e witches. This article cites testimonies tims with special reference to Paschim
C

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Banga Kheria Sabar Kalyan Samiti a c their efforts towards the empowermer
155. Bail for women held in lynching
This is a news item of an extraordinal from Nagpur lynched a gangster out action is a result of the victimisation ( rape and extortion by the deceased ar had been registered with the police Parivar, many women's/human righ supported the women in recognitic According to the National Commissi right to defend themselves in such a c
156. Bandyopadhyay, Sandip. A Namaskar. Vol.2, No.2. August
A literacy project for the empowerme as part of STD/HIV Intervention Pro non-formal education is provided to s the community at large.
157. Baneerjee, Sudheshna. Educatic Namaskar. Vol.3, No. 1. Novemb
A commentary on the non-formal educ workers through the STD/HIV Interve of the programme serves to revea psychological dimensions to the profe movement and empowerment of the ci the peer educators - nurses, teachers a
158. Basu, Amrita. Hindu women's
raises. P. 167-183; notes. Resistir activism and politicised religion Amrita Basu. New Delhi, Kali f
This paper is a criticism of the womei that perpetrate religious extremis
6

ommunity-based group for women, for t of indigenous women.
case. The Hindu. 19 August 2004.
y case, where a group of slum-women side the court house. This outrageous f many women slum-dwellers through d no action being taken after 24 cases over a period of 10 years. The Sangh its groups and legal personnel have n of their prolonged victimisation. on for Women, "...the women had the ircumstance”
note on the NFE Programme. P. 9. 1997.
nt of sex workers in Mumbai launched gramme (SHIP). Through this project, ex workers and their families, and for
on programme . A new approach. P. 18. ber 1998.
:ation programme implemented for sex ntion Programme. The education wing ll the socio-cultural, physical and ssion, networking of sex workers, their ommunity. It also provides guidance to nd Supervisors.
activism in India and the questions it Ig the sacred and the secular: Women's in South Asia. Ed. Patricia Jeffery and or Women. 1999.
's groups nurtured by political groups n, where women's activism is the
1.

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reinforcement of the conventional gende sphere. Women members harnessed by in organising demonstrations, campaig of arms and ammunition. However, the gender-related violence is not expressed rights. The groups, while issuing sta Women do not campaign to oppose this in the course of accepting the system (
159. Basu, Monmayee. Hindu wonner to contract. New Delhi, Oxford U append.; biblio.; index.
This volume attempts to examine the m social perception and what legislative re the status of married Hindu women. Ital pertaining to issues of child marriage, divorce during the past 150 years. In r
Age of Consent (1891); Widow Remarriage (1956); Dowry Prohibition (1961); Hindu Marriage (1955); Hindu Succession (1956) that
property.
The author concludes that the legal rei terms of 'social and family acceptance and traditional forms of violence.
160. Baxi, Pratiksha. Sexual harassm
http://www.india-seminar.com/
An exploration of the issue of eve-teas in public places, this paper highlights Group, Delhi University. The group harassment recognised as a quasi-crime. on the nature of eve-teasing and the in an anchor to the local level policing, chapter entitled Crimes Against Womer
Widow immolation, glorified by religio
6

r-linked roles within the broader public the ring-wing groups, become skilled ning for elections and trained in the use : concept of women's activism against in terms of violation of women's human tements condemning violence against - avoiding issues such as dowry-deaths Df dowry.
1 and Marriage Law: From sacrament Jniversity Press. 2001. 153p.; glossary;
larital problems of Hindu women, their iforms were brought in order to enhance. so analyses the success of legal reforms dowry, 'Sati, widow remarriage and eviewing the Acts of the:
concerns women's right to parental
forms in practice, are not beneficial in of women victims of domestic abuse
tent. s.l. 7p.; notes; ref. 20... Source2001/; accessed on 19 July 2003.
ing that is a form of sexual harassment the efforts made by the Gender Study in an attempt to shed light on sexual , has produced Statistics among students npact on women. This action, acting as has lead to the inclusion of a special in the Crimes in India Report of 1995,
us extremism.
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drawing up a set of classificatory practi that the police force is now in a posi categories” and intervene in cases of th establishment of the Crimes Against W acknowledged. This paper also reviev shedding light on eve-teasing as a foi law enforcement machinery to take ac
161. Bhagat, Rasheeda. Put a sto Mathew, President Feminis The Hindu Business Line. 25 WWW.hinduOnnet.com/; accesse
Women activists and NGOs working to are concerned with the lacunae in the that awaits the parliament hearing.
proposed law to make it more compri with the president of a women's associ to the following recommendations ma
O Definition of domestic violence
in addition to the physical foi CEDAW; o The role played by the Protect Magistrate's Court and made a Family Courts where the redress medical assistance to the victim O Economic support provided for process of rehabilitation, as a di should be made to pay a penalt O Victims of domestic violences
shared household.
162. Bhattacharya, Manjima. The violence on trains. P26-30. Ma
Women's groups in Delhi have demar Women, reclaiming women's rights to or fear of sexual abuse. The campaig an interface of sustained public action women's groups all over the country.

ces to combat the offence. It is evident, ion to interpret the law under 'social is nature. In this context, the strategic omen Cell by the police department is is the role of women's movements in m of sexual harassment, enabling the tion on reported cases
p to domestic violence' - Dr. Sarah t Association for Social Action.
March 2000. 4 p. (Source - http:// i on 20 July 2003).
combat domestic and family violence
Protection of Domestic Violence Bill They have made suggestions for the ehensive and effective. This interview ation (Chennai branch) draws attention de by them:
should include psychological violence, m (assault, battery) as stipulated by
ion Officer should extend beyond the ccountable for cases taken up by the covers counselling, compensation and
the victim and her children within the 2terrent for further violence. Offenders 1 to the victim; hould be given the right to reside in a
Railway Campaign : Fighting sexual nushi. No. 130, 2002.
ded gender secure travel conditions for safe public transport without the threat launched on 8 March 1998 has lead to and advocacy, mobilising support from As a follow-up to a case petitioned by
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Jagori (a women's NGO in Delhi), a pu rights to free movement. Upon hearin Commission (NHRC) has issued direc action to ensure the safety of wom acknowledgement of the fear of sexual and the deployment of state machinery in public. The NHRC directives provi forward and to apply pressure on the rai of official complaints, in order to seek
163. Bhattacharya, Saurabh. Sex regulations. P 12- 14. Maiti. Vo
This article focuses on issues of exploi in India and the lack of legal provisions has no specific laws on prostitution but o of Immoral Trafficking Act that mere prostitution. Durbar Mahila Samanway demands for state recognition of the saved from extortion and violence.
164. Bill justifying battery introduced
2002. Source - http://www.saw 2004.
Women’s organisations in India, in parti Rights Initiatives are strongly opposed t Bill No. 13 of 2002 introduced in the parli. non-negotiables:
O The definition of domestic Violen
economic abuses; O Victims of domestic violence are
'shared household; O Empowering the judges to gran dispossession and mandatory rep o Provision for emergency monitor
children; O Mandate for monitoring and eff nomination of a Coordinator for
64

lic campaign was initiated on women's the case, the National Human Rights lives to the railway authorities to take en passengers in trains. This is an abuse faced by women in public space, o protect women from sexual violence le an opportunity to take the struggle way authorities to facilitate the lodging gender justice.
workers see freedom in rules and .1, No.5. July-August 1999.
tation and abuse faced by sex workers to safeguard them. Accordingly, India nly a related legislation, the Suppression ly regulates the flow of women into | Committee, a forum for sex workers workers so that the women could be
lon Women's Day. 1 p. s.l. 8 March net.org/news/; accessed on 14 August
cular the Lawyers Collective Women's o the Prevention of Domestic Violence ament, as the Bill excludes the following
ce does not include mental, sexual and
not granted the right to reside in the
residence orders, orders restraining
ossession of the matrimonial homes;
relief to the victim and her dependent
ctive implementation of the law and he prevention of domestic violence;

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O Provision of training for law er
officers;
O Mandatory counselling for the al
O Powers to the Civil Courts to de abuse, to avoid multiple litigatio
165. Biswas, Soutik. Storm over Indi News. 27 January 2004. [Sou accessed on 12 March 2004.
This is a news article condoning the effo in demand for a place of Worship. Stemn community the women urge that they n be involved in the community ruling
child custody and cases on family disp
166. Bochasanwas Shree Akstar P.
BAPS). Anti-dowry campaign. SWaminara Vana/campaigns.htm;
Dowry is a traditional form of evil that in Indian society. Most families, in burdened by dowry demands and forth newborn daughters. BAPS has launch dowry in public assemblies, private encouraging youth to pledge against til young men and women attending the In (1990) committed themselves neithert mass marriages are organised by BAPS could not meet the cost of marriage cer under a single canopy, in the traditiona Hindu Marriage Act of India.
167. Butalia, Urvashi. Women. P. 81. from the partitioning of India. Ne
This text is an exploration of the soci abducted, raped and forced into marria Indo-Pak partitioning in 1947, emph perpetrated against Women across the
6

forcement authorities and protection
buser, in the interest of the victim; al exclusively with cases of domestic
S.
an women's mosque. 3p. London, BBC rce - http://WWW.h vk. Org/articleS/ ;
rts of the Muslim Women's Movement, ning from a traditional, male-dominated eed a common place of worship and to on marriage/divorce, domestic abuse, }ute.
urushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha 1999. 2p. Source - http://raikot.com/ accessed 15 June 2003
is a deciding factor for many marriages particular, the impoverished ones are e poorest the only way out is to kill the ed a campaign against the practice of 2 gathering and youth conventions, he acceptance of dowry. Thousands of ternational Youth Convention of BAPS o accept nor to give dowry. Non-dowry as part of their campaign, for the poor emonies. The marriages are conducted Il Vedic manner that is accepted by the
. 129. The other side of silence : Voices w Delhi, Viking Publishers. 1998.
o-legal status of thousands of women ge and religious conversion during the asising on the responses to violence boundaries. It probes into the activities
5

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of state governments and voluntary org: to trace abducted Women and nation-w the abducted women, while stressing thi in times of communal violence perpetrat the efforts made by the All Pakistan Wo arranged marriages of women victims Further, efforts made by the Governme brought in many victims of violence wh members for "betrayal of family honou
168. Calcutta Declaration : Asian p Prp. Carol Leigh. 30 July 199 Violence Against Women.
This document highlights the events Sex Workers held in Calcutta in No demand a well-defined legislation workers. Concerned with the epiden pressuring for better working condi sexually transmitted diseases. This th development of a sex workers' man for legal recognition of the profession
169. Centre for Feminist Legal
reforms of laws related to sexu Ratna Kapur. New Delhi. 27 Fe
Sexual violence against women is a contemporary Women's movement in II in recent times. This memorandum
which the current rape law is based an of woman's bodily integrity and her draft proposed by the Ad-Hoc Sub-C for Women (NCW), suggesting new
against children and adolescents. In k CEDAW and a long-standing exper apprehending gender-based violence,
amend/reform the laws related to rape
170. Centre for the Health and G. the implications of health secto rights in India and Tanzania . .
s.l. June 2002.9p.

anisations in terms of search-committees vide campaigns for social acceptance of 2 need to redefine "purity' and "chastity" ed against women. This chapter evaluates men's Association in their campaign for who were 'recovered' and returned'. ‘nt of India to open rehabilitation camps o faced death in the hands of their family
.
rostitutes meet to demand legal status. 8. 11 p. Source - ICES. Archives on
of the First National Conference of vember 1997, where the sex workers for sex work and legal status of the nic of HIV/AIDS, the sex workers are tions conducive to the prevention of ree-day conference has resulted in the ifesto that is based on the movement
and basic human rights.
Research ICFLR). Memorandum on tal offenses. Prp. Shomona Khanna & bruary 1996. 50p.
n important part of the agenda of the hdia, leading to significant legal reforms seeks to analyse the assumptions on i argues in favour of a legal recognition sexual autonomy. It also evaluates the ommittee of the National Commission legislation on sexual assault/violence ceeping with India's ratification of the ience with the failure of the laws in Specific recommendations are made to ; and child sexual abuse.
inder Equity CHANGE). Studies on r reforms for reproductive health and An update on current research efforts.
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sin India, the key indicators of reprodu declining sex ratio, limited access to rates of maternal mortality and fertilit the family planning programmes. CF policy analysis of health sector refor reproductive health and rights, such (RCH) programme that is meant to 1 provide services to reduce pregnancy female infanticide. In Tamil Nadu, achieved a fertility decline that relies rather than the issue of age of marria fertility disproportionately on marginal Also, women continued to face constra power on reproductive issues, exertio the problem of dowry. This research, structures that support the national R on the issues of reproductive health ca women's constraints to the use of contr needs, and the implication of politica RCH programmes at state level. The RCH programme in the state of Ke no specific initiative to reform the he Raj Institutions (PRI) are expected to al and health care. This study lead to the health care within the health sector, rc delivering reproductive health servic health needs and the dynamics of wor of gender equity, socio-economic and
171. Centre for Women's Develop communal violence in India . The A study of Uttar Pradesh. P 15 Delhi.
This study highlights the impact of particular women and children in the c in the form of interviews with wom class, as well as government official teachers and educationists, this resear based survey and monitoring of local the level of gender relations within th the impact of the communal riots on w of the spaces available to them.

ctive health and gender equity reveal a safe abortion services, persistent high y, as well as the lack of choice within ANGE is carrying out a nation-ievel ms that address the issue of women's is the Reproductive and Child Health educe maternal and infant morbidity, vastage and infection while preventing the family planning programme has mainly on female Surgical sterilisation ge for women, causing a reduction in ized communities and younger Women. ints due to the lack of decision-making n of male authority over sexuality and in Tamil Nadu aims to understand the CH programme, provides perceptions tre, community's access to its services, aceptives and other reproductive health land financial decentralisation on the
'rala is implemented district-wise, with alth sector, even though the Panchayat locate 15% of their budget on education examination of women's reproductive ble of the primary health care system in es, local political agenda for women's men's reproductive health care in terms cultural factors.
ment Studies [CWDS). Gendering of historical production of backwardness: - 16. Annual Report: 2001-2002. New
communal violence on families, in ties of Banaras and Aligarh. Conducted an in the weaving community, middle S, political/community leaders, school 2h was followed up by a questionnairelews media. The study seeks to uncover e community of Weavers and to assess Dmen Weavers as an overall constriction
7

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172. Chakravarti, Uma et al. o Rec university campus. 36p., notes, b 11-14 July 2005. Unpublished.
This paper details 2 women's action g. Forum Against Sexual Harassment campaign in universities. The paper dr, consciousness, to pronounce the offe bodily integrity. The drafting of a p punishable offence, has put pressure C free from gender discrimination, a mechanisms for prevention and redres
173. Church leaders angered by divor
lp. Source-http://www.red if accessed on 19 March 2004).
An amendment to the Christian Divor Joint Women's programme and the Na to gender bias. The proposed amendin permits Christian men to divorce thei whereas under the same Act women ne - cruelty, bigamy, desertion etc. to get government not to proceed with the pro the Christian community, as they doubt
174. CIDA [Canadian Internationa its Best : Aawaz-e-Niswan. Car the new century. 11 June 20 cida.gc.ca; accessed on 22 July
Aawaz-e-Niswan, a Mumbai-based v victims of domestic violence to work accompany the victims through the va justice and legal settlements. Involved i gender-based violence, the Niswan co and provides social support enabling th and customs that hinder their personal
Forthcoming as "Gender & Violence",
6

aiming Spaces : Gender politics on a blio. "Gender & Violence", Hambantota,
oups - Gender Study Group (GSG) and (FASH), on anti-sexual harassment ws on their long-term efforts on raising ce as a violation of women's right to olicy against sexual harassment as a n universities to create an environment hd to institutionalise structures and sal.
e law amendments. 17 November 2000. .com/news/2000/nov (17 church.htm:
e Law has caused great concern to the tional Council of Churches, as it leads nent to the Indian Divorce Act (1869) r wives purely on grounds of adultery, ed additional reasons besides adultery a divorce. The groups strongly urge the posed amendments without consulting if this would really benefit the women.
l Development Agency. Activism at lada and South Asia : Partners for
102. 1 p. (Source - http://WWW.acd2003).
fomen's NGO provides guidance for out alternatives for themselves. They rious legal channels to receive gender n public protests and campaigns against inducts literacy classes for the women em to change the oppressive traditions development.
published by ICES, Colombo.

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175. CIMEL (Centre for Islam INTERIGHTS (The Internati of Human rights). India. p. 12"Crimes of Honour'. London.
This directory concerns the activit committed towards combating violen traditional norms and practices in India child marriage, forced marriage, maltr in traditional communities. It encompa officials, community-based organi institutions listing out their specific ta In particular, activities of AIDWA, I Mahila Saravangen Utkash Mandal (M. for Development Society (REDS) a enables networking and exchanging in among activists/institutions to combat
176. Cochin University of Scien Committee. Notice. Cochin. accessed on 18 July 2004).
This is an outcome of the judgement on and Others in August 1997 where the all employers to look into problems ( their workplace. Citing the code of col the National commission for Women, which a complaint could be made to th
177. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. Indi of women and the gender perspe of the Special Rapporteur on Vic consequences. Ms. Radhika ( Commission on Human rights Communications to and from GON (Doc. E/CN.4/1999/68).
In this report the Rapporteur expresse gender violence in India, in particular women where few steps have been take the offenders. She calls upon the G measures to prevent the increasing lev support and remedies for the victims.
6

c & Middle Eastern Law) and onal Centre for the Legal Protection 6. Directory : Initiatives to address )ecember 2002.
es of individuals and organisations e against women deep-rooted through - family violence, dowry-related abuse, atment of widows and honour killings ses lawyers, activists, researchers, state sations and women's/human rights sks and contact information. awyers Collective (Women's Rights) ASUM), Sakshi and the Rural Education 'e acknowledged here. The directory formation on multiple strategic actions
violence against Women.
ce & Technology. Gender Justice 2p. Source-http://www.csirindia.org;
Vishaka & Others vs. State of Rajasthan Supreme Court provided directives to Df Sexual harassment of employees at hduct for a workplace as prescribed by the notice lists the categories under le Committee.
a. P. 34. Integration of the human rights ctive: Violence against women: Report lence Against Women, its causes and Soomaraswamy, in accordance with
resolution 1995/85 : Addendum : ernments. 10 March 1999. 47p.; notes.
concern about the high prevalence of domestic and family violence against n to prevent, investigate and prosecute vernment of India to take effective ls of violence and to provide adequate

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178. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. Indı of women and the gender perspe of the Special Rapporteur on Vic consequences. Ms. Radhika CC Commission on Human Right Communications to and from G append. (Doc. E/CN.4/2000/68/
The United Nations Special Rapport Government of India on the question expression in connection with the polic had peacefully protested against the M Madhya Pradesh. Police has threatenec stripped naked in public if they continu of communities and environmental de
179. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. Ina
rights of women and the gender Report of the Special Rapporteur and consequences. Ms. Radhik Commission on Human rights re to Bangladesh, Nepal and India ( girls (28 October-15 November (Doc. E/CN.4/2001/73/. Add.3).
This aspect of the report condones the for family violence, trafficking of wom harassment at workplaces. In keeping w discrimination and gender-based vic Women (NCW) has committed to pro programmes on legal awareness and investigate cases of gender crimes. Thi Development in operation with NCW to address trafficking of women and raising consciousness as to the availab with state-run rescue centres, shelter victims. The report also looks into the the support of victims rescued from tr; gender crimes. International agenc conducted awareness-raising program In this context, the self-help NGOs t workers face a challenge in addressing rehabilitation of sex workers.

a. P.10. Integration of the human rights ctive : Violence against women: Report blence Against Women, its causes and cmaraswamy, in accordance with the S re SOIUtion 1997/44 : Addendum : overnments. 27 January 2000. 26p.; Add. 1).
eur has sent an urgent appeal to the of torture and the rights to freedom of e arrest made on Women activists who aheshwar Dam Project in the State of the women, saying that they would be ed to protest against the forced eviction gradation of the upcoming dam.
sia. P. 29-37. Integration of the human perspective : Violence against women: on Violence Against Women, its causes a Coomaraswamy, in accordance with Solution 2000/45: Addendum : Mission on the issue of trafficking of women and 2000). 6 February 2001. 40p.; append.
legal framework of India in providing en and children, prostitution and sexual fith the state constitution against gender lence, the National Commission for tecting women's rights by conducting assuming the powers of civil courts to a Department of Women and Children's mplements the National Plan of Action prevention of HIV/AIDS and through ility of health services for sex workers, nomes and welfare programmes for the criminal justice system with respect to affickers, and the police action towards ies in partnership with local NGOs mes on sex trafficking as a social issue. nat aim to provide support for the sex the problem of forced prostitution and
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180. Court notice to "Boys' producer. - http://www.desitak, news indi 2003.
This news item is with regard to the sc as sex objects through objectionab Women's Association (AIDWA) un screening of the movie Boys' deman a public interest Suit filed against th issued notices to the producer and to th for a hearing.
181. Das, Prafulla. Witch-hunt in O
Witch-hunt is a traditional form of vic the tribal communities. A combinatios lack of medical care, the problem is programmes in rural, tribal areas. Thi the police of Orissa, in partnership launch a campaign against this super Human Rights Commission had under where women are physically abused commission recommends that the civi hands to combat this evil practice and the area to raise awareness to prevent
182. Dave, Anjali and Solanki, G. : A study of domestic violence, Social sciences. 2001. 190p.; ta
Conventionally the police authority h unchangeable and powerful behind 'c to handling crimes against women. T of the Mumbai Police in collaboration is an example of the impact of the wo This volume elaborates on the issue C through an analysis of records of the violence registered under Section 49 audit the state response towards gend procedures adopted to bring the perpe to the victims of violence. Recomme legal personnel to enhance their inv

p... Desi Talk. 3 October 2003. Source -times.com; accessed on 17 December
reening of a movie that depicts women e' scenes. The All India Democratic dertook a protest march against the ling that the film be banned. Following e movie, the Chennai High Court has e Regional Board on Film Certification
rissa. P4 I-43. Frontline. 3 June 2005.
lence against Women, prevalent among of illiteracy, poverty, supersitition and s linked to the inadequacy of welfare s article highlights the efforts made by with Orissa Rationalist Association to 'stition among the tribes. The National taken to investigate cases of witch-hunt , tortured and murdered at times. The l society and law authorities should join activate women's self-help groups in this detrimental practice.
ppika. Journey from violence to crime... in the City of Mumbai. Tata Institute of bles; annex.; biblio.
as been viewed as faceless, mysterious, losed doors, particularly when it comes he Special Cell for Women & Children with the Tata Institute of Social Sciences men's movement on the police system. fgender-based violence against women Special Cell and case studies on family 8 A of the Indian Penal Code aiming to er crimes, action of law en forcers, legal rators to the courts and support rendered ndations are provided to the police and 2stigative capacities on gender crimes.
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Specific comments are given on the deal with the civil and criminal require
183. Dave, Anjali and Solanki, C
children : A research study on violence in India : A Summary rel D.C., International Centre for Ré
The Special Cell, set up in 1984 is a re Institute of Social Sciences (THSS) anc the women's movement against dome for social workers and police office administrative abilities to cope with the abuse. The community cell for wom interface with police, emotional suppo In working with the police, the Cell att legal provisions to widen their assista study of the records of criminal cases C and reporting of the investigating offic Social ideology that influences the cou include:
O Sensitising and training police ( investigations through a specific O How the police sensitivity and I cases could be used in shaping t O Sensitising of the criminal syst
victims to be considered on par O Capacity building for strategic a and research institutions to respo
• Implementa comprehensive, wo remedies for family violence.
184. Delhi Commission for Women police action. Delhi. 20... 2p. Sour accessed on 22 December 2002
The Delhi Commission for Women (D. Legislative Assembly in 1994 to investig "safety measures' for women against
and other laws. The Commission look

gal sphere on comprehensive laws to ments to help out the victims.
opika. Special cells for women and domestic violence. P25-32. Domestic ort of four record studies. Washington search on Women (ICRW). May 2000.
sult of the collaboration between Tata
the Mumbai Police, as an outcome of stic violence. TISS provides training s to develop their infrastructure and needs of the victim-survivors of family an and children provides services of rt, counselling and crisis intervention. ’mpts to influence the interpretation of nce to women victims of violence. A in family violence reveals the attitudes 2rs, who are governed by the dominant rse of the trial. The recommendations
officers to undertake skilful, sensitive
protocol; power of observation on the reality of he law and legal procedures; 2m to recognise mental violence and with physical violence; Iliance between the state, civil society »nd to violence against Women; man-friendly legislation that deals with
DCW). Rape victims : Progress of 'e-http://socialWelfare.delhi govt.nic.in;
W) was established by the Act of the ate and Safeguard all matters concerning violence under the State Constitution sinto complaints and takes suo moto

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notice of matters relating to the violatiot of laws that provide gender equity an guidelines or instructions aimed at er the process of monitoring cases of rape their counselling and rehabilitation ac section of the web site reveals the acti in New Delhi and other districts, with arrests made during the years 1997-98
Follow up and rehabilita
The DCW has undertaken a project to in every district. During the lengthy tri to lose hopes of getting gender just residents for security reasons. This Commission establishes contacts w localities to receive progress reports o rendered to them.
Main issues and rec
Based on case studies concerning vuln adolescent women belonging to the low up recommendations towards a Suppo assistance - medical care, counselling victims of sexual violence. In this co working methods for police interrog Pradhiti, a local NGO works in collab providing rehabilitation for the victim-s a separate cell for rape victims, invest trained women police personnel and ha and speedy action.
185. Delhi Commission for Women Delhi. 20... 3p. Source - ht Sahyoginimainl; accessed on 22
Sahyogini Counselling Centre is part c domestic disputes and crimes of viol basis a counsellor and a lawyer sit wi gender violence - family disputes, spc related violence, divorce/ maintenance, harassment, workplace violence anc
7

of women's rights, non-implementation d non-compliance of policy decisions, suring women's welfare and relief. In , in particular minors, the DCW ensures ivities with the support of NGOs. This on taken by the police in cases of rape tabulated results of the percentage of
) ).
tion of rape victims. P....
contact and follow-up the rape victims ls and conviction the victims are bound ice and often, move away from their
in turn delays the trial. Hence, the ith NGOs working in the respective n the support and rehabilitative efforts
ommendations. P.....
erable groups such as the girl child and er economic strata, the DCW has drawn rt infrastructure to provide immediate , legal advice and rehabilitation for the ntext, the Commission suggests better ations and social workers in NGOs. poration with the police department in urvivors. The recommendations include igations be carried out immediately by indled by a separate branch for effective
DCW). Sahyogini - A helping hand. tp://www.empowering-Women.com/
June 2004.
f DCW, giving a helping hand to settle ence against women. On a bi-weekly th the Commission to help victims of use abuse, cruelty by in-laws, dowrychild custody, right to residence, sexual | custodial brutalities. Assistance is
3

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provided through referrals to NGOs, the of which victims could seek free legal
186. Detashis, Mukherjee. Third B.
No.1. November 1998.
This article discusses a programme ai between sex workers and their partners economic support and emotional secu included:
Awareness of sexually transmitt Recognition of the sex trade and Attitudes towards the family of well-being; O Movement to empower the comi
187. The Devadasis of Kudhitini vill Groots News letter. Decemb
WWW.WorkingWomensforum. Org
The tradition of Devadasis, despite the still remains in remote, rural areas community is forced to enter temples marriage and compelled into prostit (WWF) has launched a rehabilitation p of Andra Pradesh where the entire villa Burdened with illiteracy, poverty, mal the women in this community are barre has initiated:
o Reproductive and Child Health
COncern; *
O Micro-credit facilities as an opti
old practice;
Counselling and advocacy programm
social awareness and attitudes.
188. Devasia, T.K. Right to pray. Th
7

police and state departments, by means advice and other forms of help.
ulbu Meet. P. 16— 17. Namaskar. Vol.3,
med to develop safe sexual practices from whom the workers expect sociority. Held in Calcutta, the discussion
ed diseases; ihe legislation concerning prostitution; he sex workers and concerns for their
munity for better health.
age : Victims of a degenerate culture. per 1998. 3 p. [ Source — http:// (groots/; accessed on 20 January 2003).
Devadasi Abolition Act passed in 1936, where the girl child of a particular ervices with a taboo on education and ution. The Working Women's Forum rogramme in the village of Kudhithini ge comprises the Devadasi community. nourishment and compulsive abortion, d from using contraceptives. The WWF
Programmes to address their health
on for the women to wean off this age
es for the community to create better
e Observer. 15 February 1997.
4.

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An Islamic mosque in the state of Ke payers, calling for opening the doors o The chief priest of the mosque argues discrimination, pointing out that, "...tra mosques such as in Mecca, Medina and practices are more stringent'. Many W. Girls' Islamic Organisation and Ityah come out openly in support of this progr in places of Worship.
189. Development in women's human P5. CHRI Newsletter. Vol.5, N
The news item evaluates the recomme for Women to amend the various Acts India. Amendments suggested for the Sati (Prevention) Act of 1987 are ques legal remedies for victims when incor of judges and law enforcement authoriti levels of gender sensitivity when hand
190. Dhar, Aarti. Women's groups m
National women's organisations have r the Indian Congress the current ruling p. issue in the policies of the new govern from the National Commission for W. Association (AIDWA) and several v Protection Against Domestic Violence come up for debate with the recommen on relevant legal reforms. With regarc India, the groups referred to the coer many states, while stressing for the st determination techniques that could le
191. The Dowry (Prohibition) Act, 1
P131-136. Is...n]. s.l.. 19... S Against Women).
The issue of dowry is one of the impo movement in the recent past. Altho
7

rala has allowed women to enter for f other mosques for the same purpose.
that Islam does not advocate gender aditionally women are permitted inside those in Gulf Countries where religious omen's organisations, in particular the adu Subanan Mujahiddin (ISM) have essive move against gender oppression
rights in The Commonwealth : India. D.5. April 1998.
:ndations of the National Commission that aim to protect women's rights in Dowry Prohibition Act (1961) and the tioned on the basis of the provision of porated in the criminal laws. Attitudes ies reveal that they need to have greater ling cases of gender-based violence.
eet Sonia. The Hindu. 27 May 2004.
met Ms. Sonia Gandhi, the President of arty, to ensure the inclusion of women's ment. The delegation, including those omen, All India Democratic Women's women's NGOs pointed out that the Bill, pending for the past decade should dations made by the Law Commission to the National Population Policy of cive anti-woman policies practiced in ict implementation of law against sex ad to female foeticide.
961 : The struggle for an amendment. ource - ICES Archives on Violence
rtant struggles in the Indian women's ugh the Dowry Prohibition Act was
5

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introduced to make the transaction of ( the practice of dowry has increased, le and death of the newly married womal appointed Joint Select Committee con submitted a report. Despite this no init amend the existing law while dow organisations and other progressive h under the umbrella group called Dahej for a Bill to amend the Act. Their ef however, does not reflect the recomme or the Law Commission to inquire into the existing Act has no improvements provisions to the current law. Hence, t memorandum where the amendment marriage expenses, penalties on contra expenses, the acceptance, demand or t mechanisms for the implementation v.
192. Draft Bill on HIV/AIDS soon. T
The draft of the country's first compre be presented in parliament. Prepared officials, the bill provides effective r the public as well as curatives for the developed in order to prevent the trans cater to the health issues of sex workers the country to set up a platform for
HIV/AIDS prevention and cure.
193. Drive to recruit women SPOs. Th
Concerned about the large number of c in public places and family violence, th of Delhi has decided to recruit wo suggestion Was materialised from a di Delhi where the issue has been raised transport. In keeping with the cultura feeling reluctant to report to male po special attention to problems of middle. domestic abuse and dowry-related vio
7

lowry as an illegal, punishable offence ading at times to harassment, violence 1. During the years of 1981-82 a state - ducted an inquiry into the subject and iative was taken by the Government to y-deaths were escalating. Women's uman rights/civil rights groups came Virodhi Chetana Manch, campaigning orts have lead to the amendment that ndations of the Joint Select Committee the issue. The Bill that seeks to amend ; neither does it reveal any meaningful he women's groups in 1984 prepared a s encompass the definition of dowry, Vening or ceiling of dowry or marriage ransfer of dowry to the woman and the iz., State Dowry Prohibition Officers.
he Hindu. 12 January 2004
hensive legislation on HIV/AIDS is to by health activists, lawyers and state measures on consciousness-raising for booming problem. Strategies could be mission of the disease. The Bill would mostly women and girls. It also enables safe, transparent and ethical trials on
e Hindustan Times. 20 September 1993.
:ases on sexual harassment/eve-teasing e Government of the National Territory men as special police officers. This scussion held with women's groups in regarding sexual harassment in public ll constraints of women complainants lice officers, women officers will pay -class and working class families where lence have been recorded.

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194. Dugger, Celia W. A woman's p
Times. 3 May 1999. 7p.
Historically, women of oppressed caste exploitation by men belonging to the legislation in 1993, the recent impleme participation has helped them to chall gender Subordination and to emerge a special report highlights the case of M to a 'Service-caste', emerging as a villa quota that Sets aside a Specific percent
195. Durbar Mahila Saman waya
Manifesto. P. 5. First National ( 14- 6 November 1997.
Theme papers on the conference hig against Sex workers. The issue of hu perpetrated by the public and law enfo this document. The Samanwaya Comm of Calcutta by the sex workers moveme workers and their families.
196. Ekatra. Newswatch on crimes of organisations come to the aid ( women. p... New Delhi). Janu ICES Archives on Violence Aga
The Crime Against Women Cell of the of women's NGOs in handling cases Shakti Shalini and Jagriti Mahila Sam help them to register cases and refer t shelters wherever necessary.
197. EKTA. Ip. The NGO Director www.cafonline.org/, accessed Ja
This source details a 16-Day activism of in 5 districts of Tamil Nadu by EKTAar

lace : Special report. The New York
is are Subjected to gender violence and higher castes. As repealed by the state ntation of a women's quota in political enge the age-old feudal hierarchies of S leaders at the grass root level. This S.Rani an illiterate women, belonging uge council leader, through this gender age of Seats for Women.
Committee DMSC). Sex Workers' conference of Sex Workers, Calcutta,
hlight the community-based violence Iman rights violation of sex workers cement authorities is also remarked in ittee originated in the "red light' areas nt and works for the welfare of the sex
violence. For women only: Voluntary of the police in talking crimes against ary 1993 to February 1994). (Source - inst Women.
Delhi Police is working with the help of violence against Women. Shaheli, liti sit with the police department and nem for medical care, counselling and
y. [s.l], CAF India. [Source — http:// unuary 2003)
Campaign on Violence Against Women non-state women's NGO. The campaign

Page 94
led to raising consciousness against the prevention. Activities of EKTA involve in raising awareness on gender issues empowerment. In collaboration with th and other women's groups such as Foru) In Black, VANI, NAWO, SPANDA Coordination Committee, a campaign leads to many a cases of family violen
198. Elimination violence against won Women's Journal. Issue.5, 1998.
This is an overview of policies and le related violence in India. Accompanie 1990-96, the article gives an account of and gender sensitisation implemented community support. State and NGO int and the role of the women's movemen
199. Elizabeth, V. Patterns and tren examination of court records. P summary report of four record st Centre for Research on Women
This text is an exploration of court do order to observe the inherent patterns a cases. The study while examining the also attempts to analyse the major ob face during the course of legal redress. are useful for in-depth studies of the sub court systems - High Court, Family C Sessions Court the cases show a numb prosecution in resolving such cases. T
O Knowledge and skills of the law expanded in terms of accessin violence, to strengthen the inves the undertaking of domestic vic process and ruling;
O NGOs working on domestic v develop the programme to carry
7

issue of gender-based violence and its 'd women from rural and slum settings, and promoting women's right-based e Tamil Nadu Anti-Liquor Movement, m on Violence Against Women, Women NA and the Tamil Nadu Womenos was launched against alcoholism that
CC.
nen : India. P. 9-25. Solidarity : SAARC
'gislative measures to combat gender'd by statistics on gender crimes from the programmes on violence-prevention by the government institutions with erventions for rehabilitation of victims t are described in detail.
lds of domestic violence in India : An 34-38. Domestic violence in India : A :udies. Washington D.C., International (ICRW). May 2000.
)cumentation on domestic violence in und attitudes reflected on recording the records on cases of family violence stacles that victims and their families It also identifies landmark cases which bject in future. Selected from 4 different ourt, Rural Sessions Court and Urban er of practical and legal barriers to the he research recommends that:
enforcers and the judiciary should be g information on trends of domestic tigative skills of the police, to enhance plence cases and to improve the legal
iolence and women's welfare could
out the training;
8

Page 95
O Cases brought to courts should b punish the perpetrators. This co that legal redress is possible so ti take action;
O Women's groups should dev
terminology and to establish compensation, providing guidel for such cases;
O Improved system of record kee facts, protocol and guidelines sc
200. Enact Act : AIDWA. The Hindu.
AIDWA expresses concern on the Emp the definition of preferred work malnourished women workers to unde activists demanded that the enactme: the Bill should be tabled in parliament a programme. The current draft of the N Act was flawed as it leads to restricti passing the essential clause that a mi women as per national policy.
201. End preventive detention of won
The Tamil Nadu State Commission fo to bring an end to the arrest of women brought up by women's groups, activi; in public places, safety for housewive police stations were also discussed. E directory of women's/voluntary org. violence.
202. Epidemic of abuse : Abuse a, Chapter V. P. Human Rights V
Courageous organisations and NGOs protection for the rights of women in yet ostracised profession in India. Thi
7

e publicised, particularly by those that ould draw public attention to the fact hat more victims will be encouraged to
elop strategies to reform common egal precedents for punishment and ines on the types of evidence required
ping to be established with regard to as to obtain information on the cases.
11 December 2004.
loyment Guarantee Act of India, where
compels the poorest and the most rtake heavy manual work. Hundreds of nt of the Act in state capitals, and that s part of the national common minimum National Rural Employment Guarantee ve operations in selected districts, bynimum of 40% of workers should be
nen. The Hindu. 22 July 2004.
r Women urges the Police Department under the Preventive Detention Act. As sts and social workers, women's safety s and increase in the staff of women's vidently, the police released a helpline anisations to help women victims of
gainst HIV/AIDS Outreach workers. Watch. Vol. 14, No. 5 (c). July 2002.
have extended services to work for the prostitution, a traditionally sanctioned s section of the periodical concerns the
9

Page 96
work of NGOs that have made efforts to protect themselves against HIV i Women Sex Workers, conducting prog awareness-raising within the high-risl States of Maharashtra and Karnataka, Women as peer educators who have work area. The Peer Educators' Progr AIDS through the collective VAMP th educators and others in the profession. S to combat HIV/AIDS through their w the Karnataka State AIDS Control Si workers, supporting AID victims thr Chennai, CHES (Community Health educators. As sex work here is mos recommends that the outreach educato to avoid police harassment. In this c sensitisation programme to the police.
Government responses. Chapte
The National AIDS Control Organis Rights Watch of the appeal made on in AIDS control and prevention prog severity of the problem of police abuse activities as part of the national AIDS
UN Agencies have provided support system that collects data on abuses f: the guidelines of NACO. This effort w data on non-clinical indicators to assis
203. Existing laws which can be us Sexual harassment. s.l.. So Bare acts/sexualharassment.htn
This document is a summary of laws c the past two decades that have failed to The following inadequate provisions laws are continuing to be applied in pla harassment:
* Sampada Grameen Mahila Sanstha ; Ví
8

to increase the capacity of sex workers nfection. 'Sangram is a collective of grammes on HIV/AIDS education and & groups and the general public. In the Sangram trains and mobilises teams of a better access to women in the same amme trains them on the prevention of at is a registered NGO drawing in peer similarly, Samraksha in Bangalore works omen outreach workers. Supported by Dciety, they distribute condoms to the ough home-based health facilities. In
Education Societies) trains the peer tly a 'street-based profession CHES rS be provided with valid identity cards ontext, the NGO has also launched a
• VI. P...
ation (NACO) acknowledges Human police violence towards peer educators rammes. NACO in recognition of the on high-risk groups supports the NGO prevention programme. In this context, for the development of a monitoring ced by NGO workers who implement ill be part of a nationwide collection of st programme planning and evaluation.
ed in cases of sexual harassment. 2p. urce - http://www.nwmindia.org/Lawl n; accessed on 22 August 2004)
lealing with sexual violence enacted in ) cover the crime of sexual harassment. in the Indian Penal Code and labour ce of a fully-fledged law against sexual
eshya AIDS Muquabla Parishad (VAMP).
O

Page 97
O Section 209 of the Penal Code
places;
O Section 509 of the Code dealing
insult the modesty of a woman;
O Industrial Disputes Act, Rule 5,
such as dismissal of an employee
o The Indecent Representation of W the display of Sexually Sugges environment.
204. Extending relief to dowry victims . 7th Battalion and Ex-DCP- CAW, Women Cell (CAW). P. 18-19. Kali
Two concise interviews held with law CAW gives protection to women who su While providing medical care and coun Welfare Department, Family Courts, N women's organisations for other forms victims of violence.
205. Family violence in South India Archives on Violence Against W
The paper recalls the protest staged Movement in Tamil Nadu, on issues of abuse on women. In relation to the his the Movement urges the state for prop law, to provide for victims of dowry-re Concerning the incidence of female inf Baby Scheme for Girl-Child introduce Nadu and the failure of this scheme,
gender and family norms. In this contex inaction against deploying amniocente
206. Fate of Dalit caste high on NG Broadcasting Corporation (SAB http://WWW. Sabcnews.co.za/Wor 2004).
8

against obscene acts/songs in public
with word, gesture or act intended to
schedule 5 on unfair labour practices when S/he rejects sexual advances;
Women (Prohibition) Act, 1987 against tive material or a hostile working
Interviews with Yasmin Hazarika DCP, and S.S. Garewal DCP, Crime Against s Yug. Vol. II, Issue. 1. March 1997.
enforcement authorities on how the sfer dowry-related and family violence. selling, CAW draws in with the Social National Commission for Women and of Support (e.g: legal assistance) for
... s. n.), s.l.. 19... Source - ICES
omen].
by The Rural Women's Liberation custodial violence and dowry-related gh prevalence gender-based violence, 1er implementation of the anti-dowry lated violence and domestic abuse. anticide, the paper refers to the Cradle 'd by the State Government of Tamil due to negative Societal attitudes on it, the paper is also critical of the state sis for female foeticide.
"O Agenda. 2p. s.l., South African C News). 28 August 2001. Source - ld/asial pacific/; accessed on 14 July

Page 98
Prior to the 'World Conference Again on violence against the untouchable Dalit women. These women are often forms of gender-based atrocities by m discriminated in their workplaces. In a the Forum, the National Federation o governments and the international com adequate pre venti ve measures Su empowerment of the Dalits. The Fede the Dalit community and other marg through laws, policies and programm
207. Fatima N. Burnad. Violation
7p.;annex. Asia-Pacific Regiona Special Rapporteur on Violence A 2002.
This paper relates to the strategies of to eliminate violence against womer practice of Mathamma in villages wil as sex workers with taboos for educa lead to their protection and to expo activities include creating awareness or such as legal aid and health clinics mainstream of the women's movem government provides land for collect employment, with special schemes fo
208. Fatwa on Triple Talaq against the members of National Comi
Human Rights Today. Vol. VI. N
The NCW has intervened on the judg has prevented the re-union of a woma “Triple Talaq” for divorce under the couple secured a fatwa which nullifies declared that the divorce was irrevoca husband. The Commission report was
World Conference Against Racism, Ra Intolerance, Durban, 31 August — 7 Se Women socially sanctioned to temple

st Racism the NGO Forum has focused communities in India, in particular the subjected to sexual violence and other embers of the upper castes' as well as leclaration handed out in Durban before f Dalit Women (NFDW) called on the munity to address this problem through ch as legal reforms and economic iration stated that women belonging to inalized groups need to be protected s from being socially discriminated.
of Dalit women's rights : Mathamma. al Consultation With the United Nations Against Women, Colombo, 30-31 August
Tamil Nadu Dalit Women's Movement of oppressed castes. Concerning the here the women are socially sanctioned tion and marriage, the movement has se the issue of temple slavery. Their protective laws, providing programmes in order that these women join the ent. The Movement demands that the ive farming of Dalit women for proper r their economic independence.
Islamic norms : Report of the visit of mission for Women to Orissa. P 8-10. to.3. July-September 2004.
gement of a community leadership that n with her spouse, who had pronounced influence of liquor. Subsequently, the the divorce, but the community leaders able and forced the woman to leave her based on the prescribed circumstances
acial Discrimination, Xenophobia and related ptember 2001. s, as "Temple Slaves'.
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under which the Muslim Divorce Law human rights of the woman who wa; humiliation. NCW stressed that the col awareness on the application of religi directly involved in decision-making. T legal protection to the couple who hac
209. Female Health Company (FH
Government grant to introduce May 2002. 2p. Source - http:// 19 July 2004).
India has the second highest number o has received assistance from Great Bri condoms in India, as a contribution AIDS. Besides preventing unwanted pi product controlled by women to prev diseases, significantly reducing the i condom. Moreover, incorporation of programmes can be cost saving in terr Ministry of Health and Family Welfare a market study on the female condc manufacture.
210. Forum Against Oppression o Network and Stree Sangam. ( 377. Delhi). August 1999. p.
Protesting against gender violence and belonging to sexual minorities this ca to repeal Section 377 of the Indian practices between two consenting adı initiate a debate within the society sc not only for complainants but also for prevent violence towards the comm concerns the impact on community refused in prisons where homosexual
211. Francis, Bijo. “Sati" and the ro
2. Vol.1, No.5. October 2002.

is applicable, taking into account the subjected to forcible separation and mmunity needs to gain a higher level of ous laws, and that the stakeholders be he police was Summoned to give proper
reconciled.
CO). Female health receives a British he female condom in India. Chicago. 6 WWW. femalehealth.com/; accessed on
f people living with HIV/AIDS. FHCO tain to manufacture and market female to the country's response to eradicate 'egnancy, the female condom is the only ent the spread of sexually transmitted incidence when compared to the male female condom in AIDS prevention ns of treatment and care for AIDS. The with support from NGOs, has launched ym for full-scale marketing and part
f Women and Human Rights Law campaign letter for the repeal of Section
discrimination perpetrated upon women mpaign letter demands the government Penal Code that criminalizes sexual ults’. This signature campaign leads to as to create an atmosphere of support lesbian, gay and bisexual rights and to unity. It is noteworthy that the letter health, when access of condoms was practices are prevalent.
'e of the state in India. P.23-28. Article

Page 100
This is an exploration of the traditional particular widow-immolation, known a this practice was condemned by the British colonial rulers in an enacti independence, clear steps were taken No.3 of 1988 on the prevention of Sat provides for adequate powers to bloc and even glorification of Sati. It also ad the legislation. This necessarily requ where NGOs and CBOs have a major with the problem of practical administ of the police in this context.
212. Ganguly, Rupali. Points preval
No. 1 November 1998.
This is a follow-up of the STD/HIV September 1992 in Calcutta. The prev was studied in the locality of Sonagac sex workers. It concludes that the proje controlled the spread of HIV infection community as a whole.
Resolution endorsed by the Calcutta, 29-31 March 199 Samanwaya Committee. P 3.
This network seeks to emphasise laws : rights in seeking protection for the se often perpetrated by the law enforcem
213. Ghaswala, Bahula. 'Astiva" ba
Against Women. Ed. Shirin International. 1998.
A paper concerning women, domestic to the service of Astiva, a women's NC southern Gujarat. The author, while wc violence and dowry-related abuse, outli Code concerning the provision of help followed by the police and legal auth
8

customs of violence against women, in s the act of "Sati". In pre-colonial times, Brahma Sabha and prohibited by the ment, with directives in 1928. After to end this social menace through Act i. This Act though not comprehensive, ck the attempt, abetment, commission dresses the weaknesses in implementing tres awareness-building in the society role to play. Further, the article deals ation of the law and the ineffectiveness
ence survey. P. 29-30. Namaskar. Vol.3,
/ Intervention Programme (SHIP) of alence of sexually transmitted diseases hi to assess the impact of SHIP among ect, from 1992 to 1998 has significantly and improved the health status of the
2 National Network of Sex Workers, 8 Organised by the Durbar Mahila l-32.
and codes based on fundamental human x workers from community violence, ent authority and the general public.
titles domestic violence. P... . Violence Kudehedkar et al. Delhi, Pencraft
violence and support services, relates gO working against family violence in )rking with numerous cases of domestic nes (Section 498-A) of the Indian Penal to victims of family abuse, not properly Drities. As a result of corruption at the
4.

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level of state machinery and societal at from the victim's point of view, the po complainants, and the victims seek su -Level Committee on Violence against Adalats are a few of the supportive st gender-based violence. Working at con awareness on gender-based violence street plays, music programmes and International Women's Day.
214. Going beyond realities bytes : J
This news article relates to the making Viswanathan with the assistance provi Development Agency). The movie hi; violence against the girl child, revoki practice of child labour/abuse in a tr outreach to all classes of the public tran without loosing its entertainment valu
215. Government extends financial h (Source - http://www.rediff con
The State Government of Rajasthan ha to Ms. Bhanwari Devi a social worker caste' for taking action against child n she worked for a state-sponsored proje in Rajasthan. Upon hearing this case, the accused giving them the benefit oft against this judgement is pending at ti
216. Government of India. Departn PNDTAct, 1994. New Delhi. 2(
This handbook highlights the fact that issue that needs systematic efforts in Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulati
People's Courts. " A Tamil feature film with English sub-ti from a story by Sivashankari. Madras,
8

titudes of not seeing domestic violence lice has a negative attitude towards the pport from NGOs instead. The District Women, free legal aid centres and 'Lok ructures set up to help women against nmunity level, Astiva attempts to create through campaigns, posters, seminars, by celebrating specific events such as
anaki. The Hindu. 11 August 2002.
g of the movie “Kutty” by Ms. Janaki ded by DANIDA (Danish International ghlights the issues of child labour and ng audience to come to terms with the adition-bound society. This film is an scending a message of social awareness,
C.
elp to Bhanwari Devi. 10 January 2002. n; accessed on 19 January 2003).
as decided to grant financial assistance allegedly gang-raped by men of higher harriage. As a grass-root social worker, :ct on the prevention of child marriages the Jaipur Sessions Court acquitted all he doubt. Subsequently, the state appeal he High Court.
ment of Family Welfare. Handbook on )02. 34p.; annex.
survival of a girl child is an important mobilising the community. The Preon and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994
tles; directed by Janaki Viswanathan. Adapted 2002. (Time : 1 hr.& 48 minutes).
5

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prohibits determination and disclosure for its contravention. This handbook p provisions of the Act and Rules for
reveals information on registration, p and prescription of records for the eff
217. Government of India. Nation P. 156-160. Planning Commissi
A social welfare scheme for women ( households, where a provision of Rs.5 and post-natal care, for the fist two live the effectiveneSS Of the NMBS in te beneficiaries and the viability of the as is inadequate and corruption sets in at are provided to avoid the above probl
218. Government of India,Tamil
2001. p.2 Tamil Nadu Power, Corporation. Chennai). 20 Aug
Introduced by the State Governmen eradicate the practice of female foeti planning and discourages the prefer accommodate increased financial ben families, this scheme provides for the up to the age of 20 years. For every gi & Infrastructure Corporation accepts Tamil Nadu in the name of the girl ch her educational needs.
219. Government of India,Tamil Social Welfare Office. Nagarco
In a traditional society where widow eradicated through practices of foetic Nadu has put forward information on to prevent violence against widows Ammaiyar Memorial Scheme provides between the ages 20-30, while the E. assists poor widows to get their daug

of the sex of the foetus, with punishment rovides a detailed guideline on various the easy understanding of the user. It prohibitions, instructions, maintenance ective implementation of the Act.
al Maternity Benefit Scheme INMBSI. on Report. New Delhi. 2003.
over 19 years of age belonging to poor 500 is given per pregnancy for pre-natal a child-births. This is a study evaluating arms of the socio-economic status of sistance. Accordingly, the amount paid the time of payment Recommendations
CS.
Nadu. Girl Child Protection Scheme, inance & Infrastructure Development ust 2002.
t of Tamil Nadu this scheme aims to icide and infanticide, promotes family ence of a male child. Restructured to efits for girl children belonging to poor air education and other essential needs rl child born in this category, the Power a cash deposit from the Government of hild and the interest would be spent on
Nadu. Schemes/Activities of District sil, District Collectorate. 4p.
vs are ostracised and girl children are ide and infanticide, the state of Tamil various social welfare schemes aiming
and the girl child. Dr. Dharmambal assistance for the remarriage of widows V.R. Maniyammayar Memorial scheme ghters married. Further, widows below
36

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the poverty line are helped to educate the District Collector's office.
Tamil Nadu Girl Child Protectic
This is an outline of the state schem female foeticide and to promote wome below the poverty line having one or deposits made in the name of the chil years.
220. Gupta, Jyotsna Agnihotri. Spe discriminatory practices. P65-8 Child in India at the dawn of the t - ICES Archives on Violence A
The girl child faces specific forms of infanticide, child labour, family discri preference to the sons. This section ex through the:
Reproductive and Child Health National Policy on Child Labou Legislation against sex-determi Age of Consent Act and the Sha Dowry Prohibition Act (1961); Sati Prevention Act (1987); Legislation Against the Custom
The paper relates to the efforts of th organisations, NGOs and women's org standards. This report, based on the children, briefs on the impact of the child, from the foetus to adult stage.
221. Ghosh, Suparna. Social market
No.2. August 1997.
Promoting safe sexual practices and p of this project that is implemented by U The first of its kind in Asia, the organis
8

their dependent children, disbursed by
in Scheme. P 2.
2 to prevent the notorious practice of n's health and family planning. Parents two daughters will receive monetary d, available to her after the age of 20
2cific interventions to counter gender 3. Windows of opportunities : The girl wenty-first century. s.l. 20... Source gainst Women).
gender violence in India - foeticide, imination and negligence of health, in plores the state intervention, reflected
Programme (RCH);
r;
nation tests; rda Act against Child Marriage (1930);
of Devadasis (1935).
he state machinery, community-based anisations in support of the above legal decline of sex ratio of female to male )olicies, laws and schemes for the girl
ing of condoms. P.5-6. Namaskar. Vol.2,
revention of HIV/AIDS is the purpose sha Multipurpose Co-operative Society. sation has a membership of sex workers
;7

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and indulges in the social marketing of participation with the workers themselv transmitted diseases and supply qualit addition, the Society provides loans, sc for the aged in the community.
222. Half of Indian women say wife
Agency. 17 November 2001. So accessed on 18 January 2003.
The National Family Health Survey more than half the population of India be justified under certain circumstanc uniform across categories of age and of opinion across levels of education a urban and rural Women.
223. Haksar, Nandita. Demystifica Lancer Press. 19... 112p.; illust.
This illustrated guidebook reveals judi patriarchal assumptions underlying the continuously Struggled against the g constantly in protest against specific ca: maltreatment, forced sexual exploitat The publication specifically refers to la Act (1856), Suppression of Immoral Tra Prohibition Act (1961) and Amendmen do not provide adequate remedies for organisations in pressurising for legal
224. HC Upholds RI for policemen
29 November 2002.
After dismissing an appeal to the case, t rigorous imprisonment to six police pi rape and torture of Ms. Padmini Chith station where she was illegally taken i. many women’s organisations and hur taken legal action on behalf of the enterprise.

condoms for HIV/AIDS prevention. In s, the projecteducates themon sexually products to help in the prevention. In lf-employment schemes and assistance
beating is justified. s.l), Reuters New urce - http://www.hinduismtoday.com;
on Population and Health reveals that n women believe that wife battery can es. While views on wife-beating were marital duration, there was divergence hd socio-economic background Such as
tion of laws for women. New Delhi,
cial biases against women in India and constitution. Women's movements have gender bias of the judiciary and are ses of Violence against Women — widow on, rape and dowry-related violence. ws concerning the Widow Remarriage ffic in Women and Girls (1956), Dowry ts to the Law Against Rape (1980) that the victims, and the role of women's reforms to provide gender justice.
in Padmini rape case. The Hindu.
le High Court of Chennai has sentenced rsonnel who were convicted of gangambaram within the premises of their to custody. In protest of this incident, han rights groups in Tamil Nadu had ictim who is employed in a private

Page 105
225. Helping her to fight her battles
Vimochana a women's organisation i against gender violence, specifically c rape and domestic violence. This new a public protests, vigils, poster campaig reading in public places against g newsletters, magazines and brochl commercialisation and commoditisatic a public hearing at the national level to i While providing temporary shelter for organisation plans to expand thei rehabilitation and reintegration of the
226. Hirve, Siddhi. Abortion : Poli Seminar. Issue No.532. Decemb
The Abortion Law is governed by the Criminal Procedure (1898) and was pa on population control. Evidently, the a intention of safeguarding women's abortion. In this paper, Hirve overview: (MTP) Act and the Pre-Natal Diagnosti of Misuse) Act (PNDT) and their impa sexual freedom. The MTP provides conditions of pregnancy. A major cri medicalisation - a physicians only'
providers and practitioners of altern purview of legal abortion. Hence, the a barrier to access safe abortion. Furth woman is still being denied. As for th techniques to determine the sex of the to such services, with the view of pre are not only contradictory, but lead to of choice of her sexual/reproductive population control. The author calls fo state levels, to provide quality health st sexual rights.
227. Hossamane, Sakshi Broota. De disability rights movement. P2.

. The Hindu 8 January 1995.
n Bangalore has taken a strong stand on sexual harassment in public places, rticle concerns their activities, such as ins, an annual film festival and poetry ender violence, besides publishing res on the issue. Focusing on the on of women, Vimochana plans to hold include activists and grass root workers.
victims of gender-based violence, the r services into a stay-in-home for victims.
cy and practice. P. 14-19; notes, ref. er 2003.
Indian Penal Code (1862) and Code of ssed in 1971 within the national policy bortion policy was conceived with the ives from the consequences of unsafe s the Medical Termination of Pregnancy c Techniques (Regulations & Prevention ct on women's health and reproductive/ for free abortion under prescribed tique of the Act is its apparent overpolicy that excludes mid-level health ative systems of medicines from the mandate of a second medical opinion is er, post-abortion care for the un married 2 PNDT Act, it prohibits the use of any foetus and any advertisements relating venting female foeticide. The two Acts a dilemma between the woman's right health and the state commitment to br advocacy and action at the centre and 'rvices to ensure women's reproductive/
veloping the gender dimension in India's I-25. Women in Action. No.2. 200l.
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Infanticide of the disabled girl child i disabled daughter is considered the l concerns the efforts of the National C People (NCPEDP) through which mar NGOs provide services for the disable advocacy workshop where disabled wc in the network of advocacy and self country. While disabled women active Disability Rights Movement is stro professionals and mothers of disabled
228. Human Rights Watch. AIDS an joint statement. 26 June 2001. 1p 2001/; accessed on 24 February
A report by the Human Rights Watch a documenting the numerous cases of preventive workers, especially the wo launched a programme on HIV/AIDS AIDS in India. Several NGOs have workers to demand that their clients l against the spread of AIDS. Sangara educators in distributing protective me; of Maharashtra. The HIV/AIDS peer and Karnataka have been subjected to preventive work done for high-risk’ co upon the Government of India to repea of the outreach workers, in keeping programme.
229. Human Rights Watch. Attack o 9p. Broken people: Cast violenc York. March 1999.
Dalit women are a significant percent rank' workers in society. Their subordi economically powerful communities,
18
National Advocacy Workshop on "Sp Disability Act of India', New Delhi, 19 ' XIV International AIDS Conference, B
9.

s widespread in India, as needs of the ast priority in the family. This article entre for the Employment of Disabled ly voluntary service organisations and d. NCPEDP has organised a national men activists played an important role help groups in different parts of the y participate at state-level politics, the ngly supported by Women - Women children.
d human rights : A call for action . A
Source - http://www.hrw.org/reports/ 2003.
t the 'International AIDS Conference, police violence against HIV/AIDS men. Evidently, the organisation has and human rights, for prevention of succeeded in empowering women sex use condoms as a means of protection m a local NGO has supported AIDS asures to sex workers in all the districts 2ducators in the States of Maharashtra police torture that is bound to curb the mmunities. Human Rights Watch calls |l the laws and to ensure the protection g with the country's national AIDS
in Dalit women . A pattern of impunity. e against India's "Untouchables". New
ge of landless labourers and bottomnate position is exploited by the socioand with impunity. This section of the
eedy and Effective Implementation of the 97. arcelona, 7-12 July 2002.
O

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document concentrates on the Status of and the failure of legislation to prosecu committed by the 'upper castes. The In stringent punishment for the offence, belonging to oppressed castes, as they at every stage of their struggle - polic their own family. This chapter provide who could not seek legal redress and them.
230. Humanscape India. Parivar S
1 p. (Source- http://www.humans 2003.
The PSS manages a network of clinics : International (UK) in the sphere of fa health care, providing a gamut of quality care services, obstetrics and medi-ch Voluntary organisation, their vision h, this field, such as training programm groups and Schools, teachers and couns covering the family and society, ado interpersonal relations and planned mobile clinics to reach the rural wome quality of life poor, and access to he with the community-level Mahila Man women at home, to create awareness c planning through community organisa clubs. In the future, PSS plans to i counselling service named SPARSHanc planning services package for the state Service systems are inadequate.
231. Illangovan, R. Infanticide : Ca mothers. The Hindu. 15 April 20
Social activists have adopted a strategy t against the practice offiling cases on m Action groups have been formed in dis "...mothers alone are not to be held resp by a highly son-preferred society...'. T should not be applicable for this offer
9

women under the constitution of India te cases of rape among the community, dian Penal and Criminal Codes provide out out of reach for poor, rural women have to battle deep-rooted gender bias e, medical personnel, judges and even S selected case studies of Dalit women the failure of the state to reach out to
eva Sanstha (PSSJ. New Delhi. 2002. scape.org/2002/: accessed on 25 June
all over India affiliated to Marie Stopes mily planning and maternal and child family planning, maternal/child health 2ck services at affordable costs. As a as led to various outreach projects in es on family life education for young sellors providing information on issues lescence, anatomy and reproduction, parenthood. PSS runs well-equipped n where the status of women is low, the alth Services limited. In collaboration dal Project, they use mobile clinics for in reproductive health care and family tions, the Mahila Mandals and youth nclude telephone information and a la comprehensive and integrated family of Orissa where health awareness and
impaign against punishing traumatised )04.
o mobilise public and political leadership others indulging in female infanticide. stricts where the practice is at large, as onsible for a crime which is encouraged he groups act on the basis that penalty ce, as it is a complex social problem.

Page 108
Legal panels have been set up for effe sensitised to be absorbed into the committees for effective campaigning
232. India : Violence against wome,
19... Source - ICES Archives
This document is a briefing of state-w against women. With particular refer this report summarises the activities tha violence through crisis intervention, li prevention and victim support. This inc violence, role played by the state to c made by action programmes by NGOs PROWID (Promoting Women in Devo family violence, initiated by the Intern (ICRW). In partnership with women's range of organised responses to family NGO sector.
233. India Together. Dowry: Pledge: p.; append. 20August 2002. Sourc dowryl; accessed 25 January 200
As a pledge not to accept or give do consciously refrain from this evil prac to dowry-related family violence pe foeticide or infanticide. As part of the a answers to frequent questions on the calls for a dowry-free society.
234. Indian company to "reconsid
insurance under fire in India. www.saw net.com; accessed on
Women's groups are critical of a gov victims of rape. This plan launched t Corporation is part of a comprehensive death, accidents, disabilities, murder, Women's groups insuring against rape as the government wishes to compensi
9

tive coordination and NGOs are being ural health and primary health care
: Responses and reform. S.n, s.l. n Violence Against Women).
ise NGO activities to counter violence ince to domestic and family Violence, PROWID grants in terms of combating gal aid, advocacy and programmes of udes surveys on prevalence of domestic unter such violence and contributions
lopment) is a research programme on ational Centre for Research on Women NGOs in India, this study analyses the violence initiated by the state and the
'I promise not to give or to take dowry'.1
e-http://WWW, indiatogether. Org/WOmen/ 4.
wry, this web page calls on readers to 'tice of gender discrimination, leading rpetrated against the woman, female nti-dowry campaign this page displays system of dowry, its implications and
er insurance for rape and Rape s.l., March 1999. Source - http:// 19 December 2002).
'rnment plan that offers insurance for y the state-owned General Insurance insurance policy for women covering surgery and terrorism. According to indicates the insensitivity of the State, te a gender crime with money and the
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women's movement demands for the strong penalty for the crime.
235. Indian women's embroideries di Pacific Report. Vol.4, NoS.4-5. .
This news item discusses a protest aga by women from Bihar state -the trave Thread: Women's embroidery from R handicraft workers against domestic education for the girl child and femal illustrate the many facets of gender \ traditional Indian Societies.
236. International Foundation for (PCVC). 2 p. Chennai. 20... So on 28 June 2003
PCVC is a charitable trust catering particular those of domestic/family vi women victims of family abuse seeki by providing shelter, basic needs, me training. Their activities include:
O Running a shelter home "Astitv;
victims;
O Gender sensitisation programm well as web-based training on personnel within the state;
O Operates Crisis Hotline servict those facing family abuses with
The foundation has presented a multii against Women' at the '6' District Co on eradication of gender-based violen
237. International Planned Pare Profile : India. 2 p. 20 Novemb accessed on 29 January 2003).
'' 6' District Conference of Zonta Intel
2005.

sensitive handling of rape victims and
ripped with blood. P. 5. Coalition : Asia April-September 1999.
inst gender-oriented violence launched lling exhibition named "The Narrative ural India' that displays the protest of violence, exposure to AIDS, denial of e infanticide. The embroidered frames fiolence and exploitation of women in
Crime Prevention and Victim Care urce - http://www.sawnet.org, accessed
to the needs of victims of crimes, in olence. The organisation offers help to ng shelter and economic independence, :dical care, counselling and vocational
a' to accommodate and rehabilitate the
es on effective handling of victims, as dispute resolution for women police
2s on a 24-hour basis offering help to in their homes.
media programme on "Ending Violence nference of Zonta International, focusing ice in South Asian countries.
nthood Federation (IPPF). Country er 2002. Source - http://www.ippf.org;
rnational, Ghent (Poland), 23-25 September
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The National Family Planning Progra promote maternal and child health, far South Asia, this programme has shifte approach, to a women-centred and n Reproductive Tract Infection (RTI) anc women are the major victims. Follow state and central governments have w with support given by women's organ marketing of condoms and contraceptiv the use of Quinacrine for women’s ste by women's organisations focussing ol Planning Association of India (FPAI) h on sexual/reproductive health services level, with the involvement of men it member of the IPPF, the Association
centres for contraceptives with the pro in rural and urban slums. Using print,
their campaigns, women at the commu groups, nursery Schools, income genel to gain access to health services on n prevention of sexually transmitted dise: abortion. An integral part of this prog newly married couples, helping them to health and family planning.
238. It is a failure of State, society : Kii
2003.
This is an interview with Kiran Bed shedding light on the attitudes of the system on victims of rape. She stress improving the quality of police service: of rape and sexual harassment.
239. Iyer, Lalitha. There's more to a emotional trauma can be mo, recognise that. The Week. 3 Feb
This news article comments on the Pro (2001) that seeks to re-define dome. emotional torture, destroying the falla

mme in India has recently expanded to hily welfare and nutrition. A pioneer in d from a target-based family planning 2ed-based strategy that highlights the sexually transmitted diseases of which ring the liberalisation of abortion, the idened their family planning services isations and CBOs. Besides the social es, the Central Government has banned rilisation in response to a petition filed n the ill-effects of the drug. The Family as launched a broad-based programme to empower women at the communityh reproductive health care. A founderruns infertility clinics and retail-sales vision of condom dispensing machines broadcasting and telecasting media for Inity level are drawn through women's rating programmes and literacy classes haternal/child health, family planning, ases and awareness on the risk of unsafe gramme is counselling services for the develop consciousness on reproductive
ran Bedi. The Times of India. 24 August
i, the Joint Commissioner of Police, police authorities and criminal justice es on amending the legal system and s, in terms of punishing the perpetrators
omestic violence than physical abuse, re crippling and a new Bill seeks to iruary 2002.
tection Against Domestic Violence Bill stic violence in terms of mental and
cy that domestic abuse is merely wife
4.

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battery. Further, the bill permits prose responsible for the abuse, whether th marriage or adoption. For the first time in the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC as civil and criminal offence. Focusin Protection Officers who supervise cas between the complainant and her fam court authority helping to bring the sp not provide adequately for issues reg home, upheld in the bill and left to the dowry harassment and the grant of inti
240. Jacob, Alexander. Violence αβα
Vo. II, No.2. July 2002.
An examination of the issue of viole abduction, dowry death, torture, mole of girls, widow immolation (Sati) and in media. While summerising the laws highlights the degree of expediting the on gender crimes, in particular, in th highest, shows that domestic violence least reported. In conclusion, recomn prevent violence against women.
241. Jacob, Satish. Campaign to Sa
16 November 1999. Source - accessed on 22 July 2004).
Medical personnel in New Delhi have on the negative practice of aborting
determination tests for pregnancies supported by the cultural traditions o
242. Jacob, Sreedevi. Space for th
9 May 2004.
ASWAS (Association of Single Wome NGO committed to supporting single and the un married who face discrimi

cution of all family members who are ey are related to the victim by blood, , the new bill provides women a section ) dealing with domestic violence, both on civil remedy is the appointment of es where a compromise has been made ily. In a way, the officer acts as a civil ouses together. This bill however, does arding a woman's right to her marital : discretion of the judge. Also issues of 2rim maintenance are not covered here.
inst women. P48-56; tables. Samyukta.
nce against women perceived by rape, station, sexual harassment, trafficking the indecent representation of women to prevent the above crimes, this article 2 crimes by police and courts. Statistics e state of Kerala where literacy is the and eve-teasing occurs the most, but is hendations are provided to control and
lve Girl Babies. London, BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south asia/;
launched a conscious raising campaign girl babies. Although the law bans sex , there are cases of female foeticide
'son-preference.'
e single woman ASWAS. The Hindu.
n for Action and Self-Help) is a women's women - widows, divorcees, destitutes nation and abuse from their families as
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well as the community. Established i offers them vocational training, couns aid. ASWAS also runs emergency shelt community to regain their potentials a up a pre-marital counselling Service,
women in non-traditional employm household appliances, enabling them t
243. Jaising, Indira. Reconsidered : . 2002. 2p. Source -http://www accessed on 22 July 2004.
This article is a critique on the recent 2001” drafted in accordance with the on Domestic Violence. Though the b women's movement, there are signifi point of view of the victims of violenc are manifold - from the appointment c of magistrates, to the possible breach of The gaps' in the Bill are as follows:
o The definition of domestic vio. subjective, and would not help : of the perpetrator amounts to do O A woman married in the absei
ceremonies, or caught up in a law; O A plea of self defense' is provic of domestic violence. This can g o redressal and to protect her from There is no provision for the vic nor to gain temporary custody o o The victim is provided with mand as mandatory counselling is a m that could make the victim to ac
The author calls for a law that addresses the message to the perpetrator that "vi
244. Jaswal, Surinder. Health reco District, Maharashtra. P.6-14, summary report of four record st Centre for Research on Women
9

the State of Kerala the organisation elling, free medical services and legal ers for those who are maltreated by the nd make a new start. With plans to set ASWAS has ventured into training of ent, such as repair/maintenance of O become self-reliant.
Dangerous Bill. New Delhi. November (.indiatogether.org/Women/violence/
"Protection of Domestic Violence Bill UN Framework for Model Legislation ill received a broad support from the cant drawbacks in the draft from the e. According to Jaising, the problems f the Protection Officer to jurisdiction a protection order passed by the court.
lence and its applicability are highly a judge to decide whether the conduct mestic violence or not;
nce of the legally prescribed marriage bigamous relationship cannot use this
led for the man faced with a complaint o against the interest of victim to seek;
violence; im to reside in her matrimonial home, f her children; atory, instead of voluntary counselling, ethod of correcting abusive behaviour cept the situation.
the issue adequately, instead of passing plence within the home is acceptable'.
rds and domestic violence in Thane ref Domestic violence in India : A
udies. Washington D.C., International
ICRW). May 2000.
5

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The objective of this research is to exa rural and urban localities within the f understand the current practices in ic medical system, to probe the role oft domestic abuse and the women's vie' when the victims seek medical help. Ir in-depth dialogues with individual vict the study shows that the recording syst are not adequately committed to high health crisis. The medical records sho level of information. A lack of attent care and referrals to medical cases, personnel are insensitive and unwilling the victims from reporting cases an counselling and therapy. The study pro
A basic protocol for screening Strengthening health facilities improve the accessibility of hea O Strengthening the links betwee
involved in providing services O Tracking systems in hospitals t domestic abuse after the medic
245. Joshua, Anita. When the victim
2002.
The courtroom experience of a victin destructive, bad or worse than the ac light on the provision for the victim Democratic Women's Association (A. Rape Law- Sections 375, 376,354 anc the Code of Criminal Procedure (1 organisations and action groups, the Commission's review of rape laws a amendments provide for:
O Definition of rape to cover a w
marital rape Increasing the age of consent t A minimum age of 7 years of in an increase of up to 10 years in
o Gender-sensitising the trial pro

mine the trend of domestic violence in rame work of women’s health care, to entifying and recording abuses in the he health provider in the perception of wpoint on the accessibility of services volving checklists, exit interviews and ms, focus groups and service providers, ems in hospital and community centres lighting domestic violence as a public w large, consistent gaps in the type and ion thus results in the lack of medical
Many women feel that the medical g to probe the issue and this discourages d accessing related services such as ovides the following recommendations:
fictims of abuse in all health settings; to identify and support victims and to
lth services; in health facilities and other agencies o the victim-survivors; o be improvised in follow-up cases on al treatment is completed.
is put on trial. The Hindu. 1 December
n of rape is described as "negative and t of rape itself'. This news item sheds s of rape on trial, where the All India DWA) has submitted a draft bill on the 509 of the IPC and relevant sections of )73). Articulated by various women's amendments are in line with the Law nd recommendations of the NCW. The
de range of acts of sexual violence and
18 years;
prisonment for perpetrators of rape and the case of custodial rape; ...-
:edures and reducing procedural delays.
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246. Jesani, Amar. Violence agai
issues. A review of selected Indic No.2. July 2002.
The role of health services and profess Women as a public issue is related in th survivors of domestic and family vi dowry-related abuse. Several women's AWAG of Gujarat and the Women's C support battered women. Organisatio the number of victims approaching wo prepared by Ms. Flavia Agnes pin-poir victims of rape before and during me against women in Delhi (1996) by M concerns medico-legal responses to th of police, legal personnel and physicia the Medical Association should be implement comprehensive treatment a training/follow-up programmes to the s NGO is conducting research on batte one-stop crisis centres. This centre call hospital with the collaboration of the as an attempt to mainstream the suppo health care services.
247. JPC Sisters Network. Sister's
Indian activist working with Da
Www.wcc-coe.org; accessed 22.
This testimony highlights the National new initiative started in 1995 and heade Despite the constitutional guarantee ab the Constitution) and protection under th communities face all forms of abuse-r custodial violence and destruction of first of its kind in the women's mov committing itself to undertake several ti caste based atrocities against women an socially, economically and politically. T - at capacity building for self-confiden
qualities. - - - - - - -

st women : Health and health care 'n works. P 57-71; ref. Samyukta. Vol.II,
ionals in dealing with violence against is article. The review covers studies of plence, in particular wife battery and organisations such as Saheli of Delhi, entre in Mumbai have been working to hal records show a gradual increase in men's groups for support. A handbook its the procedures to be followed by the dical procedures. A study on violence s. Shelly Prasad a researcher/ activist e issues of gender violence - attitudes ns in such cases. She recommends that motivated to upgrade rape protocol, nd care to the victims, while launching tudents and doctors. CEHAT a women's red women with the establishment of ed Dilaasa is located in the government Mumbai Municipality. This is viewed rt system for battered women through
voices - Testimonies : Ruth Manorama ulit women. 1 p. 20. [Source - http:// February 2003.
Federation of Dalit Women (NFDW) a d mainly by women of oppressed castes. olishing untouchability’ (Article 16 of he Civil Rights Act, women of oppressed ape, sexual harassment, murder, torture, heir property. The Federation was the ement of the post-independence era, asks such as legal action against gender/ d helping them to empower themselves he main programme of the NFDW aims ce and training to develop leadership

Page 115
248. Justice demanded for Gujarat r,
2 May 2002. Source - http:// accessed on 12 December 2002
Women activists and human rights acti women who were sexually assaulted du of Gujarat. They also pressurise for th his alleged role in perpetrating the vic
249. Kannabiran, Kalpana. Rape an P. 32-40 notes. Embodies violer in South Asia. Ed. Kumari Jay Women. 1996.
This paper examines an example of cus belonging to a minority community, gender justice to the victim. The tri policemen in 1978 highlights importa of state apparatus and the norms that to prove that she was a victim of gan several men before cohabiting with h. who respected the tenets of Islam. Sub in a courtroom. The author argues th judicial norms are set by majority co minority groups cannot effectively agencies.
250. Kannan, Ramya. Ethnographi
March 2002.
The State of Tamil Nadu has launch commercial sex workers operate, in prevention of HIV/AIDS. Commencir signifies state recognition of sex wo city. The study, much welcomed by targeting of workers for awareness-rais transmitted diseases, in particular HI
251. Kannan, Ramya. HIV-Affectea
Hindu. 5 March 2004.

ape victims. Ip. London, BBC News. leWS.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south asia;
.
on groups demanded justice for Muslim uring the communal carnage in the State he resignation of the Chief Minister for blence.
d the construction of communal identity. ce : Communalising women's sexuality yawardene et al. New Delhi, Kali for
todial violence unleashed upon a woman and attitudes of the State in providing all on the rape of Rameeza Bee by 4 unt issues pertaining to the functioning govern them. Evidently, the victim had g-rape, not a prostitute, not married to er present husband and a good Muslim sequently, the case could not be proven at, despite India being a secular State, mmunity and that women belonging to register their grievances against State
c study for awareness. The Hindu. 23
ed a study to map the areas in which
order to streamline strategies for the ng in February 2002 this year the survey rkers, despite a "red light Zone' in the NGOs and health activists leads to the ing programmes on the issue of Sexually V/AIDS.
women will be on advisory panel. The
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Complaints of harassment and discrimi and medical staff in the health sector ha community in an advisory panel in g Tamil Nadu State AIDS Control Societ will include a woman living with Al discrimination in treatment and care complaints to the Health Department, against the staff concerned.
252. Kannan, Ramya. "HIV Risk Ii Hindu. 19 October 2003.
Social norms that sanctify spouse abuse ability to negotiate the use of condom AIDS. A state-level survey on marita women vulnerable to domestic violenc HIV and other sexually transmitted di this project leads to intervention in t domestic abuse and risk of HIV/AID Further, the project encourages the fo access to micro-credit facilities. A help added advantage of this study.
253. Kannan, Ramya. Pledging gin Hindu. 1 November 2003.
A study conducted by Centre for Chilc Centre for Development and Women's has revealed that the practice of the A Goddess Mathamma still exists. While practice has been abolished, this repor Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh still ( are pronounced as public property subjected to sexual abuse. The reports in villages leads to the continuity of t 14 are offered skills development trai older women who are ordained as abolishment of this age old practice, o
254. Kannan, Ramya. Self-help gro
Hindu. 10 April 2004.
(

nation of AIDS patients by para-medical s lead to representation of HIV-positive vernment hospitals. According to the y (TANSACS), the advisory committee DS. The committee will also prevent of HIV/AIDS patients by forwarding which in turn would take stern action
s] related to domestic violence'. The
and domestic violence limit a woman's is known to reduce the spread of HIV/ violence in urban slums reveals that e have an increased risk of contacting seases. Covering 40 slums in Chennai, arms of sensitising the community on S, as well as the prevention of AIDS. brmation of women's groups and their pline for women in distress would be an
rls to Mathamma still continues. The
i Rights Development (CCRD) and the Studies in the districts of Tamil Nadu Arunhathiyar to offer girl children to the State declares that this traditional t records that more than 75 villages in :ontinue the custom, whereby the girls , denied education and married and uggests that lack of medical assistance his practice and girls below the age of ning, while rehabilitation is offered to Vathammas'. This would lead to the n par with the Devadasi tradition.
ups campaign against infanticide. The
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Women's Self-Help Groups in the dist Nadu) are campaigning against femal society. Each group maintains a roster and sensitises them in order to appreci some members of the group have co rehabilitated and become active in the
255. Kannan, Ramya. Study to addr The Hindu. 7 March 2003.
Women victims of AIDS face an add violence from the spouse and family m assets. Also, it is proven that gender wormen to HIV/AIDS. Commencing violation of human rights of women all 3 phases – documentation of actua awareness study of the public and ( politicians, bureaucrats and media p Women Network of South India (+PWN (CFAR) based in New Delhi, this study into designs of advocacy from a huma
256. Kapur, Aanchal. "I am witnes Intervention Centre, New L Development. Vol.6, No.3. Nov
This article refers to the works of organisation working on the issue o committed to creating a civil consciou promoting gender justice to victims. T
o Educating members of the judici; through the Gender and Judge O Lobbying for legal reforms on S on guidelines set by the Suprem O Raising awareness on child Sex
While conducting research on gendel Workshops, gender sensitisation progi
257. Kapur, Diya et al. Female fIC
79; ref. Female foeticide in T
1

ricts of Salem and Nammakkal (Tamil le infanticide, highly prevalent in that of all pregnant women in the locality, iate the girl-child. It is noteworthy that mmitted this crime and subsequently
campaign.
ess gender bias against AIDS Victims.
ed burden of gender bias with fear of hembers, as well as the denial of family violence increase the vulnerability of in Tamil Nadu, this pilot study on the ffected by AIDS survey is conducted in l cases of gender discrimination, an bn Specific groups of people Such as ersonnel. Conducted by the Positive ) and the Centre for Advocacy Research aims to translate the survey information un rights perspective.
s to...' . A profile of Sakshi Violence )elhi, India. P.42-47. Gender and ember 1998.
Sakshi, a non-governmental women's f violence against Women. Sakshi is usness on gender-based violence and to Their activities include:
ary on gender and gender-based violence S Project; exual harassment at workplaces, based he Court of India; ual abuse for the public.
r-based law Sakshi conducts paralegal rammes for the police personnel.
leticide : The legal framework. P68
amil Nadu : Report of the State Level
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Consultation, Chennai, 2-3 DeCé Madurai, Society for Integrated
This paper highlights the laws that de traditional form of violence practiced India. Influenced by the lack of educa dowry, inadequate family planning
practices, the prevalence of female foe sex ratio of women to men. Unde Pregnancy) Act, the pregnant Woman h under specific circumstances, within
the grounds of the mother's physical, practitioner has the freedom to perfor techniques of scanning, the sex of th justified on grounds of ... the mother un happened to be an unwanted daug determination and Sex Pre-Selection Mumbai initiated a campaign against Government to enact the Regulation o (1988), repealed by a central legisl Techniques (Regulation & Prevention health clinics and scanning centres in oi that could reveal the sex of the foetus. to regulate the commercial use of ul deployed to pre-select the sex of the u
258. Kapur, Ratna (and) Cossmar P. 248-253. Subversive sight: F New Delhi, Sage Publications.
This article is critical of the issue of V by religious extremists in keeping W patriarchal family, but not with gende human rights. Accordingly, the rightgender-based violence, dowry, female within the framework of religious
'communalised while providing train issue of family violence is looked up primarily responsible for its prevalen
259. Karat, Brinda. The laws of Sar
October 12-21, 2002.

ember 1998. Ed. Sabu M. George et al. Rural Development (SIRD).
al with the issue of female foeticide a against the girl child in various parts of tion and Social awareness, problem of Services and the misuse of medical ticide has caused many a decline in the r the MTP (Medical Termination of as the right to terminate her pregnancy 20 weeks of conception. However, on / mental health condition the medical m MTP to save her life. By deploying e baby is checked out and abortion is ndergoing a mental trauma if the foetus hter. In 1986 the Forum Against Sex (FASDSP) a social action group in female foeticide, pressurising the State f Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act ation viz., the Pre-Natal Diagnostic of Misuse) Act of 1994 to control all der to ban the use of specific techniques In practice, however, it is not possible tra-sound techniques, which could be Inborn and abort the female foetus.
l, Brenda. Atrocities against women. eminist engagements with law in India. 1996.
iolence against women being taken up ith the authority or legitimacy of the equality and the violation of women's wing Hindu religious groups condemn ; infanticide and sex-selective abortion fundamentalism. Sexual violence is ing on self-defence for women, and the pon as “feminization', holding women
CC
varikalan. Frontline. Vol. 19, Issue.2.
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The All India Democratic Women's Mc in support of Ms. Bhuvaneswari a schoc teacher in the village of Sanvarikalan, by a male college, but her complaint to against the perpetrator. Instead, she was with a senior staff member and mole: penalty. This case has been taken up b Rights and notice issued to the authori
260. Karat, Brinda [and] Sangwar family violence : The Haryana [Source-ICESArchives on Viol
This paper addresses family violence a and examines the approach of the All I (AIDWA) towards violence against wo that draws attention to violence inflic Many of the campaigns led by them h structures while training women activ campaigns and community interventic violence, such as wife abuse, dowryperpetrated by in-laws and the extende function at the district level, assisting and counselling Services. The paper al address the community on collective
studies, and the strategies used to com
261. Khalsa Human Rights. Allege Devi. Liecester (UK). 13 A
www.derechos.org; accessed on
This is a case on custodial rape and to refused a medical examination on the v and institutions concerned with viole for the victim of rape - upon the delay
262. Khot, Anagha and Menon, Su based programme for Mumbai si Vol.6, No. 1. May 2000.

vement (AIDWA) had a protest march teacher. The victim, a primary school Madhya Pradesh was sexually harassed the management did not lead to action accused of having 'sexual relationship' sted by the community members as a y the National Commission for Human ty concerned.
i, Jagmati. “ Community codes and experience". s.l. (2001. 12p.; ref. ence Against Women).
is experienced in the State of Haryana, ndia Democratic Women's Association men. AIDWA is a wOmen's movement ted upon women in the home Setting. ighlight the democratisation of family ists to help those in distress, organise ons on various forms of gender-based related violence, incest and violence d family. Legal aid/counselling centres the victims to gain access to legal aid so looks at the legal issues, in order to violence against women through case bat such crimes.
d torture and custodial rape of Kalia ugust 2001. P... Source - http:// 22 December 2002)
rture in which state health authorities ictim. This appeal requests all persons nce against women to demand justice ed action of law enforcers.
mita. Gender-sensitive and communityum women. p.3. ARROWS for Change.
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This is a report on a project by CEH Allied Themes), addressing violence violence as a serious health implication the access of urban slum women to affc services imparted by well-trained c programme has been designed for cor maternal health, sexually transmitted d sexual abuse and family violence agai addressing environmental and socio curative, preventive and promoting services, in organising community h awareness. This is followed by ref counselling for domestic violence a activities.
263. Know your rights: Divorce laws.
February 2004.
This article addresses the divorce law divorce. Evidently, marital rape, whi normal circumstances is seen as forc offence if a woman is judicially separ conjugal rights are suspended. When d resort to various legal options - file f petition to the court for restitution confidentiality and privacy, she could held in camera, with no audience' o court could also suppress her identity court records.
264. Komnal Gandhar. Komnal Gan workers' movement. Calcutta. 19. Against Women).
This brochure relates to the cultural through which the workers express the of the violent experiences encountered forum also acts as a tool for propagan where a music and dance team give preventing sexually transmitted diseas
1(

AT (Centre for Enquiry into Health & against women, in particular domestic on women. The project aims to increase lrdable and reliable reproductive health ommunity health workers. A training nmunity health workers - on issues of seases and reproductive tract infection, nst women. The workers are trained in -political factors that affect health, health care, referrals to local health health groups and in creating gender 'esher sessions on health education, ind the involvement of men in their
P24-25. Manushi. Issue. 140. January
S in India and the legal alternatives to ch is not recognised as a crime under ed sexual intercourse and a criminal ated from her spouse, during when all eserted by the spouse the Woman could or a divorce, claim for maintenance or
of conjugal rights. For reasons of | request for the court proceedings be r media personnel. Upon request, the during the trial proceedings and in all
dhar . The cultural front of the sex ... Source -ICES Archives on Violence
wing of the sex workers' movement r creativity and help to overcome some by themselves and their families. This da against the prevention of HIV/STD, s public performances on themes of es and health care.
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265. Kosambi, Meera. Gender refoj women . The Rakhmabai Case reform, sexuality and the State. Publication India Pvt Ltd. 1996 Occasional Studies 7).
This essay is an exploration of the socic India, on child marriage and the human the transition of marriage practices fro authority, to that of the British system (1884) that won gender justice in the B from an educated, upper-middle class handed, opting out of a non-compatib appropriated by social reformers in p women and their demands for a space o in subsequent agitations for legal reforn and the abolition of Sati.
266. Krishnakumar, Asha. Life and
1 March 2002.
This concerns the state and NGO actio the Salem District of Tamil Nadu. Thou the practice is internalised in the comm family planning infrastructure in the
dowry system stemming from the val daughters are saved through a state-s that accepts them. The Baby Scheme, long-term plans for the future of th Alternatively, many NGOs, such as Poo infanticide by creating awareness amo for adoption.
267. Krishnakumar, Asha. Making c Vol.22, No. 9.6 May 2005.
This article concerns the efforts of Ul Bengal, to control the incidence of Outreach Mobility Programme gears
o Learned Brahmins who performed Hinc
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m and competing State control over (1884-1888). P.265-289; ref. Social Ed. Patricia Uberoi. New Delhi, Sage . (Contribution to Indian Sociology --
-legal reforms encountered in Colonial rights of widows. The author illustrates m the control of caste and 'Shashtric of justice, through the Rakhmabai case ritish court. Ms. Rakhmabai, a woman background, fought her case singlele, childhood marriage. This case was ublic protests against the treatment of utside marriage, serving as a milestone ns on child marriage, widow remarriage
death in Salem. P. 130-133. Frontline.
ns on the issue of female infanticide in gh female infanticide is a lawful crime, hunity through poverty, illiteracy, poor healthcare system and a deep-rooted ue of son-preference. The 'unwanted' ponsored Cradle Baby Scheme (1994) however, does not seem to involve any ose toddler girls saved from death. nthalir (set up in 1998) deal with female ng the public and the rescue of infants
'hange possible. p. 100-105. Frontline.
NICEF in the district of Purulia, West maternal/child mortality. UNICEF's to increase the efficiency of auxiliary
du marriages.
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nurse midwives who function at the s the outreach programme for Reprodu improved quality of health care includ and other essential equipment to the traditional midwives to use these equip link between families and formal healt institutional deliveries, early identific referrals, as well as conducting "clean mother and the new born. Special deliv with the provision of necessary equipm of the local Panchayat and the Depar Indicators of RCH are monitored in tl levels, planning for corrective actio enhancing record keeping. This record where there is a reduction in materna increase in the number of admissions t
268. Krishnakumar, Asha. A progra
15 February 2002.
This is a critique of the strategy aim infanticide. The State Government of several schemes launched during the empower women and improve the sta December 2001, the 18-Point Progra children is based on preventing the deat of adolescent girls, ensuring childho disease prevention by vaccination and ( in the protection of the girl child, wit promotes family planning, encourage discourages son-preference. However, address issues Such as compulsory p childcare infrastructure and the aboliti
269. Krishnakumar, Asha. Silicos
Frontline. 11 April 2003.
This article concerns the state effor experienced by women workers of a g Government of Pondicherry and the ma of a state-level investigation before ex
C

ub-centre clinics, while strengthening uctive and Child Health (RCH). The les Supply of disposable delivery kits
Sub-centres, as well as training the ment. Emphasising on their role as the h system, the training aims to increase ation of danger signs and appropriate deliveries and providing care for the ery unitsare constructed in the district, ent, oxygen and drugs, with the Support tment of Health and Family Welfare. he district to detect issues at different nS, improving Supervisory skills and keeping has shown encouraging results, l mortality/ morbidity with a marked o the hospitals.
mme without plan. P40-41. Frontline.
ing to eradicate female foeticide and Tamil Nadu, at present, has reviewed period of 1991 to 1996 that sought to tus of the girl child. Implemented in imme for the welfare of Women and h of the girl child, improving the status od care and development, promoting 2nding child abour. Being a forerunner h its Girl Child Protection Scheme, it S the education of the girl child and this programme does not adequately rimary education, public health and on of dowry system.
is deaths in Pondicherry. P49-52.
ts upon a case of silicon-poisoning lass factory in Pondicherry, where the nagement of the factory await the result (tending relief or compensation to the
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affected. Acknowledging the inefficien on safety measures for the workers ar hazards, a State-level committee has n of several women workers. The cas compensation is long pending and Val action unless the Government takes a f
270. Krishnakumar, Asha. To livé
31 December 2004.
Gender, Socio-economic and cultural ir the most vulnerable group for HIV infec also significantly increases their vuln gender discrimination/bias. This article protecting women and girls from HIV transmission of the virus, as well a community intervention. Evidently, ste
Develop legal policy guidelines Systems; Integrate health programmes wit decentralised planning and decis Include active community part awareness-raising and educating attached to AIDS patients; Respect the rights of HIV/AIDS in order to help them live with d
271. Kumar, Radha. From Chipko P.347-356. Gender and politics in Oxford University Press. 1999.
This essay brings out a selective desc movements in India and campaigns for notes that protests launched against the Violence against Women have penetratec teachers' association and student mo reforms to ban dowry and the provision The Anti-Dowry Law passed in 1980 rc first 7 years of marriage as dowry-rel and his family members. In reality, th
O

cy of the Labour Department to check . ld the possibility of any occupational ow been appointed to probe the death e filed against the management for ious political parties have threatened irm decision on this issue.
2 with dignity. P. 90-93. Frontline.
equalities together have made Women tion in India. Violence against women erability to HIV/AIDS, reinforced by 2 is a critique on the state responses to /AIDS infection and mother-to-child s the Support of the victims through ps have to be taken to:
s to create community-based support
h primary health care system, through ion-making;
icipation in the programme through the public in order to erase the stigma
patients to privacy and confidentiality, ignity.
to Sati : Early feminist campaigns. India. Ed. Nivedita Menon. New Delhi,
ription of the contemporary women's violence against women. The chapter a practice of dowry and dowry-related into other groups such as trade unions, vements causing an impact on legal of penalties for dowry-related crimes. 2cognises women's suicides within the ited offences instigated by the spouse e amendments have little effect on the
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prevention of dowry-related violence a of marriage codify that "...the woman marriage”. Women’s movements suc campaigns against Sexual abuse, vio reopening of rape cases in courts. A amendment to law against rape in term
O Heavy penalties for custodial ra O Camera trails for cases on rape; O A shift on the onus of proof onto
This has reopened the debate on sexua and considered as eve-teasing. The pa lead by women belonging to right-win ideology upheld by feminist groups.
272. Kumar, Radha. The History a movements for women's rights a Delhi, Kali for Women. 1993. 1
This volume relates to various forms of perpetrated towards women during Illustrated with photographs, the text de women's movement, drawing in gende unions and community-based organis dowry, agitation against rape and oth against widow immolation (Sati), maltr discrimination acknowledged by pel practiced in various ethno-religious co to those legal reforms brought during th of the country. -
273. Kumar, Sampath. Shamed wom 18 September 2003. Source -h accessed on 18 January 2004).
The High Court of Madras has reprima who imposed a cash fine and physi demanded divorce from her husband Ms. Suganthian educated, employed wi Panchayat, women's groups call this a ty women in a rural setting, who cannot c
1C

s deep-rooted beliefs on the institution belongs to her husband's family after :h as the Forum Against Rape have lence, and rape that has lead to the national campaign has resulted in the s of :
pe;
) the accused.
harassment which is rarely punished per also relates to the pro-sati agitations g religious groups as contradicting the
f Doing . An illustrated account of ld feminism in India, 1800-1990. New Olp.; plates; notes; index.
Struggles and protests against violence the colonial and post-colonial eras. scribes the history of the contemporary red activism of women's groups, trade ations in terms of campaigns against er forms of sexual violence, protests eatment of women workers and gender Sonal/customary and religious laws mmunities. Specific reference is made e colonial and post-independent history
an wins case. 2p. London, BBC News. Ittp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south asia/;
nded the members of a village council cal punishment' for a woman who l. When commenting on the case of Oman subjected to punishment' by the /pical example of the status of educated 'ombat misogyny and gender bias.
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274. Lak, Daniel. South Asia : Ca April 2000. London, BBC News South asia/; accessed on 22 Juli
Women activists and women's NGOs di about sex and privacy within families ineffective. A report from the Law Cor country's rape laws with a noticeabl violence. Based on a report prepared Development, the Commission recon assault be tried in special courts, cons who are liable to be ostracised.
275. Lawyers' Collective. The Dom Bill 1994. s.l.. 14 February 199
The Committee of Experts appointed b (NCW) has recommended a draft bill domestic violence, applicable in cases
o Wife abuse/battery - torture, ph O Marital rape as an act that compe against her will with her husban
The proposed Act encompasses a sp
provides safe protection for victims of
stay and maintenance in prevention of
the Protection Officer carries out the p the victim.
276. Lawyers’ Collective and Wo the Domestic Violence Bill, Ind
Efforts made by women's organisatio domestic violence and the response Committee on Human Resource Deve Committee has placed the Protectio parliament, accepting all the demand: recommendations include:
O Right to residence of the victim o Relief for those who have been l or in a marriage considered “inv
1(

ill for tougher Indian rape laws. 12 . Source - http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ he 2003).
eclare that deeply conservative attitudes have contributed in making rape laws n mission calls for major changes to the e increase in the incidence of sexual by the Ministry of Women and Child hmends that cases of rape and sexual dering the specific needs of the victim
estic Violence on Women (Prevention) 19. 4p.
y the National Commission for Women to provide legal remedies to victims of ; of :
ysical and psychological abuse; ls the Woman to have sexual intercourse d or anyone else.
ecial clause - Protection Order that domestic abuse in the form of separate further abuse. Appointed by the State, rovisions of the Order in the interest of
omenos Rights Initiative. Update on ia. s.l), 14 December 2002. 3p.
hs in their campaign for a civil law on made by the Parliamentary Standing :lopment are related in this letter. The n Against Domestic Violence Bill in s made by the women's groups. Their
within her matrimonial home; iving in a relationship within marriage alid by the law';
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O Deletion of the right to self def
proposed law; Deletion of the provision of ma Orders for interim protection ro magistrate;
O Legal protection for service pro
faith;
O Monitoring for negative portray
Concerning the definition of domes lobbying aggressively in order to pass Violence at its earliest.
277. Lawyers' Collective and W against women. s.l. July 2002
This is a country paper on the legal de women in India. With India as a signat laws through the years to protect discrimination, but has not provided a violence, community-based violence
an anti-patriarchal framework, Women to provide redress to the victims of ge
278. Lind, Krista. India – Rape law http://WWW.louisville.edu; acce
An analysis of the Indian penal system the drawbacks of specific cases. This to be getting off easier than the vic victims.' The article draws attention to India which has tried to address gende and religion.
279. Lynching : Women groups bac
Source - http://www.tribuneind 2004).
Several Women's groups, together with the Nagpur Courts, in support of five gangster who was responsible for mai

'nce given to the respondent under the
ndatory counselling for either party; und-the-clock to the victim passed by a
siders towards any action taken in good
al of women in print and visual media.
tic violence, the women's NGOs are he Bill on Protection Against Domestic
Women's Rights Initiative. Violence
velopments to combat violence against ory to the CEDAW, has enacted several women against gender violence and deterrent against spouse abuse, family and workplace violence. Working with 's groups have pushed for legal reforms nder violence.
S. s.l.. 13 August 2001. 4p. Source - ssed on 24 January 2003).
of laws against rape, this study pinpoints article observes that “the accused seems tims', a fundamental injustice to the the women's movement in post-colonial r discrimination in the name of tradition
k accused. Ip. s.l.. 19 August 2004. ia.com/2004/; accessed on 17 December
AIDWA stageda demonstration outside ; women accused of killing a notorious ly crimes, including rape and extortion.
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There was no proof that the women condones the act as one of frustratio to punish the criminal. Further, they Women in the area against the gang m
280. Mahila Samakhya Baroda et a violence in Gujarat . A study ( P47-65 notes, map. Women ini violence : Summary report ( International Centre for Resea tables; annex.; ref. (Domestic V Promoting Dialogue No.5).
Violence against women in Gujaratta violence, female foeticide and genderthe oppressed castes. Nari Adalat and responses to gender-related violence, e Based on the National Mahila Samakl build women's groups for the poor,
deployed as alternatives for unbiasec women, by women and out of womer process of community arbitration wi culture and the practical knowledge justice accessible, inexpensive and tin validation for women who are margin
281. Mahila Samakhya Saharanp domestic violence in Uttar Pra Sahara Sangh, P.32-46. Wom domestic violence : Summary re International Centre for Resea tables; annex.; ref. (Domestic V Promoting Dialogue No.5).
This report explores the evolution an to domestic violence in Uttar Prade support groups created in response to domestic and family violence. Thoug both of them act as forums, adopti objective, engaging in open discussic natal and marital villages of the com forums are:

were guilty of this act, and AIDWA
n' at the inadequacy of the legal System requested police protection for other embers of the diseased.
l. Women-initiated response to domestic of the Nari Adalat and Mahila Panch. tiated community response to domestic of three studies. Washington D.C., rch on Women (ICRW). 2002. 75p.; fiolence in India : Exploring Strategies
kes various forms, mostly as domestic -based atrocities targeted at members of the Mahila Panch are community-level volving from rural women's collectives. nya Programme to educate women and rural, landless women, the forums are gender justice through "...policy for ''. The strategies are applied through a th an inherent knowledge of the local of "what would work. While making nely, they also provide public space and alized Socially and economically.
ur et al. Women-initiated response to ldesh . A study of the Nari Adalat and hen initiated community response to port of three studies. Washington D.C., urch on Women (ICRW). 2002. 75p.; Violence in India : Exploring Strategies
ld impact of two response mechanisms sh. Nari Adalat and Sahara Sangh are violence against Women, in particular h different in ideology and articulation, ng processes that are transparent and ons within the larger community in the plainant. The significant features of the
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O Publication of discussions to e
decisions made; O No Geographic and emotiona community, so the forum is vie’ O Responses are from a womenreinforcing women's rights rath O Using the socially and cultu intervention, based on an unc political realities.
282. Mahila Sangharsh Okoota. Bh
denied. State of Karnataka. 1
This pamphlet was distributed on the e In this publication, women's NGOs a condemned violence against women. victims of violence, they demanded
those accused to trial and mandatoryj be accepted and implemented. While c Bhai a social worker, who was gangof child marriage, the forum calls fo denial of gender justice and also calls
283. Malhotra, Anjali. The saved m Hindu. 20 January 2004.
This is a news item on a group of scho evils of child marriage. Five schoolgi Haryana, upon hearing the event of a ensured that the marriage was ca acknowledged by the Indian Counci received the National Bravery Award
284. Manikandan, K. Six rescued
February 2004.
Activists of SOCO Madurai have resc and an infant from bonded labour in a Orissa. The family was offered emp they were bonded for labour. Upon in

insure community acceptability of any
l distance from the immediate local wed as a local body; -centred approach to justice based on er than punishing the perpetrator; rally accepted form of community lerstanding of the socio-cultural and
anwari BIh Jai : Trust betrayed, justice b. 19... .
:vent of the International Women's Day. nd action groups in Karnataka strongly In order to seek justice and redress to that a public hearing be held to bring udgement delivered on the occasion, to celebrating the courage of Ms. Bhanwari raped when she challenged the practice or a Black Day' public protest on the ; for a penalty for her assailants.
inors from the jaws of marriage'. The
olgirls, who stood up against the social rls from the rural settings of the State of child marriage went to the venue and alled off. Their determination was for Child Welfare (ICCW) and they in 2004.
from bonded labour. The Hindu. 29
ued a mother with three young children Snack-making unit in Ganjam District, loyment in Orissa, little realising that formation received by the husband who
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managed to escape from the 'sweats the coordination of government offici made arrangements to send them to ti
285. Marie Stopes International M
Delhi). 2001. P...
As the first MSI overseas partner, thi and family planning services in India units at urban as well as rural levels. access to legal, safe abortion services : choice. In this context, the organisati promote women's health and well encompass:
Family planning education prog Collaboration with communitySocial outreach programmes services; O Male reproductive health care.
286. Marital rape : India. P22-24. E.
No. 16.5. March 2004.
This article highlights Section 375 of til the issue of marital rape as "...excepti intercourse by a man with his own Constitution of India prohibits discrim of the Platform for Action following th (1995), Equality Now calls upon the 375, as it does not abide by the state c
287. Marriages-Divorces. s.l.. s.l., ill. Source - http://www.Sudhirl.
This web site illustrates that cruelty, a specific period, coerced religious ( transmitted diseases or leprosy can be The page lists out the various laws succession and child custody in the Hin

op', the police and NGO together with ls in Ganjam District rescued them and eir place of domicile.
SI). India : Parivar Seva Sanatha (PSS).
PSS imparts reproductive health care hrough a network of clinics and mobile MSI believes that women should have nd that abortion should be the woman's on provides a contraceptive service to -being. The health services of PSS
rammeS; based health workers; on contraceptive usage and referral
uality Now: Women's Action. Update
he Indian Penal Code, which deals with on to the act of rape', and of "...sexual
wife'. However, Article 15 of the nation on the basis of sex. In the wake e UN Women's Conference in Beijing Government to repeal/amend Section pnstitution.
Sudhir Shah & Associates. 2003. 2p.; w.com/; accessed 22 December 2003).
dultery, desertion by the spouse for a onversion, suffering from sexually rounds for the women to seek divorce. dealing with divorce, maintenance, u, Muslim and Parsi religions. Further,

Page 130
it provides useful information on the Ch a traditional form of violence perpetrat Court Act (1984).
288. Mathew, Dennis Marcus. To
February 2005.
The female condom, a dual-purpose de transmitted diseases and unwanted pr This device helps those who cannot ne Socio-cultural and personal constrai transmitted diseases and unwanted preg the female condom allows for protect male condom, thereby promoting s feasibility study conducted among m. that training, advocacy and counsel successful alternative to provide wom
289. Mathias, Linda. Handcuffs on v
This is a comment on the ruling of the a woman, a policewoman need not be activists stress the prevalence of cust detention. Based on the reports of the Prisoners and the All India Committee that women shall not be arrested betwe of women police. Other suggestions
separate jails/detention centres for v underreported crime in the country, th Law (ICHRL) has launched a camp violence against Women.
290. McGivering, Jill. Indian cour News. 4 February 2003. 2p. (Sou South asia/ ; accessed on 27 Ju
Eunachs in India consider themse communities where the majority is themselves as women. This news iten Madhya Pradesh that believes that M:

ild Marriage Restraint Act that prohibits ed against the girl child, and on Family
give wonnen a Choice. The Hindu. 25
vice to prevent women against Sexually egnancies, is being marketed in India. gotiate the use of male condom due to nts to be protected against Sexually (nancies. Promoted by Hindustan Latex, ed sexual acts without the necessity of exual/reproductive health. A recent arried couples and sex workers shows ling on the issue could make this a en with the freedom of choice.
women. The Hindu. 28 December 2003.
Supreme Court that during the arrest of present. In response, women and legal Odial rape perpetrated upon Women in National Expert Committee on Women for Jail Reforms, AIDWA recommends en sunset and Sunrise and in the absence include all-women police stations and vomen. As custodial rape is the most e Indian Centre for Human Rights and aign to raise awareness on custodial
rejects eunuch mayor. London, BBC urce - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/ ly 2004).
ves as women, living in ostraci sed ransexual or bisexual, often consider highlights the decision of the court in s. Kamla Jaan a eunuch is not qualified
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to enter politics within the women's Women's political participation. Ms. J. sexual minorities four years ago, and si have entered the mainstream politics.
291. Menon, Meena. Victims of the
This is a critique on the nature of pol and state efforts to rehabilitate wom been forced into prostitution by broth NGOs and human rights activists are ( undertaken. Evidently, they comment no long-term impact on the victims. T handle their problems, in particular t diseases and other forms of infection NGO provides counselling for the girls runs a crèche/night school for the chil are willing to be helped. The Wom Maharashtra State proposes a revision shelter homes with vocational training raising campaign on the popular me generation have been started to promot
292. Menon, Nivedita. Embodying
and the law. P66-105 notes. Partha Chatterjee & Pradeep Jeg (Subaltern Studies XI).
This essay examines the legal and fi violence, and how law recognises th gender crime. Evidently, crimes again and personal by the criminai justices the power equation between the state : the implications of rape laws in terms and honour in the Indian legal systen cope with the crime of sexual violenc
293. Memon, Nivedita. The imposs and feminist discourse on abd sexuality and the State. Ed. Patri

reservation quota which encourages aan was elected as the first mayor from nce then, a number of sexual minorities
lark. The Hindu. 29 September 1996.
ice raids upon sex workers in Mumbai en, in particular minor girls who have el Owners and “middlemen”. Women's livided on this issue of remedial action that the process of rehabilitation' has he state-run homes are not equipped to hose affected by sexually transmitted 1. Mahila Dakshata Samiti a women's , while Perena a voluntary organisation dren of sex workers helping those who an and Child Welfare Department of of dietary plan, upgrading the existing facilities and launching an awareness dia. In addition, schemes for income 2 them to earn through 'alternate living'.
the self: Feminism, sexual violence Community, gender and violence. Ed. anathan. Delhi, Permanent Black. 2000.
2minist definitions of rape and sexual is reality and grants legitimacy to this lst women are looked upon as private' ystem, and “... the Woman stands outside and the accused'. The paper delves into of ' sexual act', 'sexuality', 'consent n and the inadequacy of the rape laws to e perpetrated against Women.
ibility of justice' : Female foeticide rtion. P. 368-390, ref. Social reform, cia Uberoi. New Delhi, Sage Publication
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India Pvt Ltd. 1996. (Contribu Studies 7).
Raising the issue on the rights to abo critical of the State action towards libi Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act women, in terms of freedom' and he launched by the State serves as a too promote women's right to freedom of abortion up to 12 weeks of pregnancy the mothers mental health', with no where the Sex of the foetus could technologies. In this context, Women's groups and and Sex Pre-selection (FASDSP) have l of pre-natal sex determination. The awareness- raising workshops and pro on a sustained campaign to ban the female foeticide.
294. Menon, Nivedita. Rights, bodi feminist discourse on abortion. F Ed. Nivedita Menon. New Delhi
This paper discusses feminist respons the practice of female foeticide. The banning the prenatal diagnostic practi the Forum Against Sex determination "loopholes' and does not prevent fem laws to ban the practice putting forw more effective without imposing a bla foetus. The paper however, questions t by feminist movements, as opposed to in India.
295. Menon, Parvathi and Choud
P.118-119. Frontline. 4 January
Vimochana, a women’s NGO and the N (NEWJ) held a demonstration in Ban launched to market a pre-conception se

ion to Indian Sociology - Occasional
tion and women's rights, this paper is ralizing abortion. Though the Medical of 1971 claims to be beneficial to the alth', the Family Planning Programme for population control, rather than to choice. The MTP Act legally permits and under "conditions that could affect provision to prevent female foeticide be detected by the use of modern
he Forum Against Sex Determination aunched a campaign against the practice FASDSP conducts research studies, duces information pamphlets focusing sex-selective techniques' that lead to
2s and the law : Female foeticide and 278-282. Gender and politics in India. l, Oxford University Press. 1999.
es to, and state interventions towards
State of Maharashtra passed an Act ces (PNDT Act), which, according to and Sex Preselection (FASDSP), has ale foeticide. The Forum lobbies for ard recommendations to make the Act nket-ban on the pre-natal checking of he control of reproductive technologies the legal sanctioning of free- abortion
hury, Srobona Roy. Dubious choice. 2002.
2twork to Empower Women Journalists alore against an advertising campaign X selection technique. Cashing on son

Page 133
preference a social value entrenched
has appeared in the print and elect programme to select the sex of your un from Women's groups and child righ social attitudes and practices that Gynaecologists in India are critical ol not scientifically valid and falls into t Also, the media campaign violates
(Regulation & Prevention of Misuse) the Supreme Court.
296. Menon, Ritu [and] Bhasin, K
questions of honour: Three pe post-partititon India. PI-30; not women's sexuality in South Asi Delhi, Kali for Women. 1996.
The theme of this paper is set agains India and Pakistan as separate States i violence when many women became V The text presents in-depth interviews members of parliament; women thems of rehabilitation and resettlement of and the relationships between them. T the State, from its neutrality in assign community honour to the underlying r legislative, executive and police a patriarchies in women's lives within t
297. Menon, Ritu [and] Bhasin, Recovering women in the interes & boundaries: Women in India's 1998.
In the post-partition era, India and l Violence against Women in the form of religious conversion of women across relates to the efforts made by governme involved in the process of recovery Inter-Dominion Act of November 19 speedily as possible, from each count

in the Indian society, the advertisement ronic media on a "..fully integrated born child'. This has provoked protests tS activists that are combating against discriminate against the girl child. n the "integrated programme' which is he category of 'hit or miss' techniques. the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act of 1994 that is under scrutiny by
amla. Abducted women, the State and spectives on the recovery operation in es. Embodies violence: Communalising a. Ed. Kumari Jayawardene et al. New
t the background of the partitioning of n 1947, and the aftermath of communal ictims of abduction and sexual violence. of governiment officials, bureaucrats, elves; social workers to whom the work the recovered women were entrusted, his paper sheds light on the attitudes of ing values to the legitimate family and 2gulations of Women's sexuality through Lction, thereby reinforcing multiple he family and community.
Kamla. Borders and Boundaries : t of the nation. P. 65-126, notes. Borders partitioning. New Delhi, Kali for Women.
Pakistan have both been experiencing abduction, forced marriage and forced borders. This section of the publication nts, military and volunteer organisations of these women. The text explores the 47 to "...recover as many women, as ry and restore them to their families."
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and the problems encountered in the volunteers who participated in the rec agreement that "neither forced conv recognized by either country...', the Abc for victims of gender-based violence a recognised the issues of violating wo provisions regarding marriage, divorce However, the question of free choice communities could permit victims of V
298. Ministry of Health and Fam Welfare. Proposed amendments
- http://www.cehat.org/, access
Pre-natal diagnostic techniques such deployed to detect genetic or sex-linke in cases of unborn babies to avoid the ultrascopy is being “misused’ on a larg foetus, leading to voluntary/coerced a the patriarchal norms of "son-prefe developed to pre-select the sex of the ch of such techniques has caused a seriou important to enact and implement a leg and the misuse of pre-natal diagnost foeticide. It also serves to regulate the scientific use. The proposed amendmen technologies such as pre-conception implementation of the Act at all levels, at national and state levels as mor laboratories, clinics and genetic coun order to prevent malpractices that col child.
299. Ministry of Human Resou Women and Child Developn 37. Platform for Action : Five y June 2000.
In keeping with the Platform for Actio Women's Conference in 1995, the gove programmes for the national and the
1

event as related by State officials and overy programme. Following the state ersions nor forced marriages will be lucted Persons Act (1947) was provided nd the children born illegally. This Act men's human rights, contravening all , custody, guardianship and inheritance.
is what neither the governments nor iolence to have.
ily Welfare. Department of Family in PNDT Act 1994. 14 p. 20... Source ed on 15 February 2003).
as ultraScopy and amniocentesis are d disorders or congenital malformation birth of abnormal children. However, ge scale to detect the sex of the unborn bortion of the female foetus. Rooted in rence', illegal techniques have been hild before conception. The proliferation is imbalance in the sex ratio, hence it is islation to ban sex Selection techniques ic practices for the purpose of female use of such techniques for appropriate t to PNDT Act (1994) includes emerging sex planning, and ensures effective through the use of advisory committees itors. As prescribed by the Act, all selling centres have to be registered, in ld lead to the extermination of the girl
rce Development. Department of nent. Violence against women. P.32ears after an assessment. New Delhi.
n that originated in Beijing after the UN rnment has included gender sensitisation state police academies, as part of the
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Page 136
castes. This brochure views the cas implementation of the Convention
Discrimination Against Women (CE Conference and the general recommend and the UNDAW di O not how e Ver discrimination on gender. MRG Intern: bodies to systematically address cast human rights and to develop agencies programmes/strategies that counter thi
301. Mishra, Yamini. Unsafe abortic notes. Economic and Political W 6-12, 2001.
This article is an exploration of the re and their impact on women's health. and serious injuries of women who u although legalised, unsafe abortions of complications when performed under p urban settings. The author argues that terms and conditions under which significant impact in restricting won gendered oppression. As such, the ar abortion, in the context of the woman with the issue.
302. Mitra, Nishi. Best practices an Maharashtra and Madhya Prau violence in India : A summary rep International Centre for Research
The objective of this study is to analys governmental responses to domestic vio the women's movement is very active least developed in this arena. Using a analysis of the responses, the Study ide related programmes to combat family the following issues:
O Police and legal responses — lav legal services, and gender sensitiv violence;
12

te system as a factor impeding the on the Elimination of all forms of DAW). The follow-up of the Beijing ations given by the CEDAW Committee recognise the problems of caste tional calls upon the UN human rights e-based, gender specific violation of to pay particular attention to develop s traditional form of gender violence.
ins and women's health. P. 3814-3817 Weekly. Vol. XXXVI, No. 40. October
Strictiveness of abortion laws in India As indicated by the high rate of death ndergo abortions, it is concluded that ten claim many lives and cause health oor facilities, particularly in rural, subrestrictive abortion laws, setting the
abortion can be performed, have a nen's reproductive rights, instituting ticle opens up a debate on legalising S oppression and the ethics associated
Ong responses to domestic violence in lesh. P. 18-27. tables; ref Domestic bort of three studies. Washington D.C., on Women (ICRW). September 1999.
e the range of governmental and nonlence in the State of Maharashtra where and in Madhya Pradesh which is the quantitative survey and a qualitative ntifies the most suitable responses and violence. The research encompasses
is on family violence, accessibility to ity of the police force to gender-related

Page 137
O Supportive services - shelters,
medical care for victims;
O Preventive measures - legal lite1 awareness on potential outcome
This research shows that the best form through community intervention, and r Women to seek legal recourse and sel legislation on increasing of the minim to property, women could find longeducation and legal literacy.
303. Mitra, Nishi. Domestic viole, responses. Mumbai. Tata Institut append.; biblio.; maps; tables; g
The chief aim of this study is to docu responses to domestic abuse against W to combat such violence. Comparing of Madhya Pradesh and the state of Mal movements and a powerful women's states have the highest incidence of research views domestic violence with Such as executive, judicial and Social W. the responses of state, and voluntary a women victims of abuse. While explori reviews legal reforms and interventi resolve the issue. In conclusion, NGC will counter violence against women.
304. Monitoring country activities. I
No.2. 2002.
With the aim to sensitise the public he: violence, Centre for Equity into Heal Public Health Department of Mumb; Support centre Dilaasa at the govel psychological Support for women su conducts training programmes for ho identify gender violence and screen counselling system is analysed peri

special programmes, counselling and
acy, NGO activities in terms of raising of violence.
of elimination of domestic violence is 2medial measures through empowering -confidence. Through enforcement of um age of marriage and Women's right term options of self-reliance through
'nce as a public issue . A review of e of Social Sciences. 2000. 90p.; notes; lossary.
ment and analyse the variety of social lomen and to define the best strategies he traditionally under-developed state harashtra, which has a history of reform movement, it was revealed that both registered crimes against women. The in the parameters of state interventions elfare responses. In doing so, it analyses nd feminist organisations that deal with ng the range of organisations, the volume ons made by the states and NGOs to ) strategies are evaluated on how they
dia. P. 6. ARROWS for Change. Vol.8,
alth system to the issue of gender-based h and Allied Themes (CEHAT) and the i Municipality have jointly formed a nment hospital to provide physical/ rvivors of domestic violence. Di laasa )spital staff on gender sensitisation to the victims and issue referrals. Their odically through the record of cases
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registered at Dilaasa and the centre legal agencies, shelter homes that wo mutual support, referral and sharing (
305. Monitoring country activities: 1
No.2. 2003.
A group of NGOs have launched a can the region of Gujarat. The campaign than half the participants are men. A rally and theatrical performances, a sig pledge to stop violence against won community-based organisations and hi programme.
306. Learned Brahmins who performed Activities : India. P6-7. ARROW
This is a short report of a 'seminar on attendants on promoting safe motherh The topics covered were the use of 'p; monitor the progress of labour, safe ab care, role of midwives in hospitals anc This conference aimed to increase the a role of mid-level health providers, g medical issues associated with the volu to-child transmission of the infection, project on the use of partograph, in the Pradesh.
307. Monitoring Country Activities :
No. 1. 2004.
According to recent statistics an aver. annually in the State of Uttar Pradesh
“The Role of Midwives in saving Wom
* A tool that can be used by midwifery
nurse to assess the progress of labour a Using the partograph can be highly effec labour for the mother and for the newb
1.

networks with women's organisations, rk with survivors of domestic abuse for xperiences.
dia. P. 6. ARROWS for Change. Vol.9,
paign against gender-based violence in reached over 200 villages where more part from poster exhibitions, a public nature campaign where men and women len was undertaken. Women's NGOs, uman rights activists participated in this
Hindu marriages. Monitoring Country WS for Change. Vol. 10, No. 1. 2004.
the critical role of midwives and birth ood and prevention of maternal deaths. artography as a decision making tool to ortion and post-abortion care, neonatal home, and maternal/child health care. wareness of midwives on the expanding ender sensitive practices, and ethical/ ntary testing for HIV/AIDS and motherwhile resolving to set up a multi-centric hospitals and medical schools of Andhra
ndia. P.7. ARROWS for Change. Vol.10,
ge of 40,000 women die of child birth In order to combat maternal deaths, a
'n's Lives", Hyderabad, 10-12 October 2003. )ersonnel, nurse midwife, medical doctor or ld to identify when intervention is necessary. ive in reducing complications from prolonged Or.
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state-level 'workshop was organized participants from the community, Ni technical institutions and donor ager monitoring mechanisms such as distric of maternal mortality. These will be s the state, community and the civil soc as district/block level committees. As of Family Welfare has ordered the estab to state levels to audit individual cases c the cause of death. ヘーベ
308. Monitoring country activities : I.
No.2. 2003.
Rajasthan Safe Motherhood Alliance Ribbon Alliance for the Safe Motherho to create awareness among women, roles on creating conditions for safe in international agencies, the State Resou Health Department, research organisa promotes the reduction of maternal mo
o Policy and programming change Capacity building of NGOs tow 9 Dialogue among partners/stake
309. Múkhopadhyay, Maitrayee [ global debate on trafficking fro í Mahila Samanway Committee, H and carving space: Redefining Amsterdam, Royal Tropical Ins
An action-oriented research undertak organisation of sex workers. Based in debates and actions on issues of anti-tr of trafficking as a human rights/ wom includes in-depth interviews, discussi trafficked into the sex industry. Mem
“Right to Safe Moherhood", Lucknow
1

by Kriti Resource Centre. Attended by Os, media, state health care sector, cies the forum calls for the setup of :t/block level committees, on the issue et up through the combined efforts of ety on the issue of maternal mortality, a result of this effort, the Department lishment of committees from the village f maternal deaths in order to investigate
dia. P. 7. ARROWS for Change. Vol.9,
(SUMA), a state chapter of the White od India (WRAI), launched a campaign men and adolescents on their specific notherhood. Involving NGO networks, Irce Centre, the Women's Commission, ations and print media, this campaign rbidity, with the objectives to advocate:
S; ards promoting maternal health; holders.
and] Meer, Shamim. Reframing the m a sex workers' perspective : Durbar dia. P 176-187; notes. Creating voices governance from a gender perspective. titute (KIT). 2004.
en by Durbar which is an autonomous West Bengal, Durbar engages itself in afficking, in order to review the concept 'n's rights issue. The quantitative study on forums and case studies on Women bers of Durbar analyse the findings of
28 May 2004
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the study from the point of view ol practitioners, reinforcing the position violation of human rights, towards sel has established Self-Regulatory Boa women and violation of human rights w of trafficked sex workers to safe cu alternative employment for the adult vi challenges as they are not recognist launched development activities in the repairing roads, environmental care a gaining confidence of the community.
310. Multiple Action Research Gro
domestic violence. New Delhi.
This report explores the current lega and the mechanisms for redressal arou which protect the interest of victims a domestic violence as grounds for div which deals with cruelty against wome abuse. However, the judiciary does r failing to treat the above cases as those is observed in the approach of physi when treating the victims. Hence, the simultaneous change in Societal attitud to make the best use of the law due to th the victims are unable to take a stanc lack of alternate Support structures recommends that alternate support sti homes for the victims, but to ensure ca a legal frame work so as to provide fina This means that an effective legislatio a mere criminal legislation but also questions on whether a separate/new I should a specific law on domestic vi code, or whether merely making amen suffice. Recommendations provided ir
Provision of health services for Psychiatric help through counse Documenting cases of marital rap Legal protection for the victims

sex workers and of anti-trafficking of the organisation on trafficking as a -determination. In this context, Durbar rds aiming to prevent exploitation of ithin the sex trade, through the recovery stody and creating opportunities for ctims. The Boards, however, face many 'd socio-legally. However, they have red light' areas - issue of ration cards, nd facilitating health services, towards
up. Within the four walls : A profile of l998. 65p. ; biblio.; append.; annex.
l provision addressing victim support nd the issue of domestic violence. Laws re scattered as personal laws, treating orce, or addressed in the Penal Code, in as sexual violence and dowry-related not adopt a holistic approach, thereby of domestic violence. A similar attitude cians, psychiatrists and psychologists report calls for a change in law with a es, due to the fact that people are unable eir own social inhibitions. Furthermore, against domestic violence due to the and monitoring systems. The report uctures should not only create shelter re, protection and rehabilitation within incial, physical and emotional security. n on domestic violence is needed not as as a social legislation. This opens up aw on domestic violence is needed, or olence be incorporated into the Penal dments in the current legislation would
this report include:
victims of domestic violence; lling programmes; be, in order to lobby for a policy change;
against further abuse.
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311. Mumbai Campaign Against S prevent and deal with sexual h
Source - http://www.info.chan 2003).
A commitment by the universities to harassment for the students and staff, th: issues in the judgement on the case of August 1997. The University Grants Cc implement the guidelines, which are b management, and apply to the students premises. The draft relates to the a Constitution of the Complaint Com punishment for sexual harassment and
312. Murthy, Rajani K. Learnin; relations of female infanticia community: Gender issues in pa et al. New Delhi, Vistaar Publica
This paper draws on lessons learnt duri midwives involved in female infantici Bihar, in partnership with a district-l organised this *workshop, which aim differentiated by caste/religion, to ul infanticide, to identify possible strat prevalence and to strategies to combat were suggested by the participants, to:
O Make the prevalence of female i Create a watchdog committee at
o Promote anti-poverty programme groups and the community midw
O Promote welfare programmes di Raise awareness and empower v agents.
The workshop also explored the limitat of transforming the oppressive suborc with a follow-up meeting conducted be implemented, while encouraging the on the issue of female infanticide.
Workshop on Female Infanticide, Disti
1.

exual Harassment. Draft policy to arassment in universities. S.l). 20... ge india.org; accessed on 19 January
create an atmosphere free of sexual is draft policy is based on the guidelines Visakha vs. State of Rajasthan on 13 mmission calls upon all universities to inding on both the employees and the and third-party harassment within the pplication and Scope of the policy, mittee, the procedure for imposing protection against victimisation.
g about participation from gender 'e. p. 78-92, notes, ref. The myth of ticipatory development. Ed. Irene Guijt ations. 1998.
ng a participatory workshop with rural ide. ADITHI a NGO from the State of evel CBO Bal Mahila Kaylan (BMK) 2d to explore gender discrimination as lderstand the local history of female egies to draw public attention to the the issue. Several innovative strategies
nfanticide public and visible;
the village level; is involving the women from vulnerable ives; rected at the girl child; vomen, using the midwives as 'change
ions of achieving the overall objectives ination of women in the rural society, by BMK on how the suggestions could midwives to attend a state-level meeting
ict of Katihar (Bihar), May 1995.
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313. Nagasaila, D. et al. Harassmen
This news article on sexual harassmen of protection, the scope of action again case 'Vishaka and Others vs. State of Supreme Court has expressed great col deal with sexual harassment of employ be followed by all institutions and en enacted. Very few institutions have follo and private institutions have failed to s awareness among the employees on th to employees prior to the Vishaka vs were left traumatised and defeated with points out that changes are needed to m and be treated as an equal partner in th part of the complaint mechanism sho victims would be encouraged to lodge
314. Nair, Janaki. The Devadasi, dh Feminist terrains in legal domair and law in India. Ed. Ratna Kap
The article refers to the efforts made Indian woman legislator, who campai of gender oppression. Ms. Reddy mov slavery', which was followed by persi and social reformers, culminating in a
of Devadasi. The volume explores the p, the 19th century, specifically referring t of a particular caste/class were sanctio) exploited by the temple authorities/la into marriage.
315. Nair, P.M. Action plan against sexual exploitation. New Delhi,
A draft of the action plan initiated by crime of trafficking women and childre the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act 1 cross-country trafficking, prosecute th the victims. In this context, a syster enforcers in partnership with NGOs to
12

it at work. The Hindu. 4 March 2001.
at the workplace, examines the nature st the offence as issued in a land-mark Rajasthan and Others'. In this case the ncern over the lack of adequate laws to 'ees and provided a set of guidelines to hployers until a comprehensive law is wed these directives, while most public set up complaint mechanisms and raise is issue. In cases of sexual harassment . State of Rajasthan the complainants no gender justice provided. The article ake the justice system “victim-friendly” he proceedings. Further, those who are uld be made gender sensitive so that their complaints.
arma and the State. P. 243-266; notes.
S : Interdisciplinary essays on Women ur. New Delhi, Kali for Women. 1996.
by Dr.Muthulakshmi Reddy the first gned against this caste-based practice 2d a Bill to end the practice of “temples Stent campaigning by women activists law in 1947 that abolished the system atriarchal oppression of women through o the system of Devadasi where women ned to "temple services', their services undlords and prevented from entering
trafficking in women and children for Central Bureau of Investigation. 5p.
the Police Department to prevent the n for forced prostitution. Drafted under 956, the plan aims to prevent local and he offenders and provide protection to matic research be undertaken by law investigate the following:
26

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O Locating the "demand sites',
identifying the various stakeh organised criminal gangs involv Tracing the background of the vi Tracing economic reasons for tr Mapping the routes, modes and Assessing the incidence and im Identifying the measures for pre the victims.
Recommendations of this study will be and programmes to combat the issue C
316. Narasimhan, Sakuntala. Why A ref. Empowering women : An a Delhi, Sage Publications. Novel
The chapter concerns alternative strat Welfare and Awakening in Rural En problem of domestic violence in rural, ( alcoholism is a major cause of spouse, has negotiated with the community th organisation would help build a storage the problem of accessing drinking wa Mandals formed by the encouragement has been brought under control. Coll help to monitor the abolition of alcoho by the law. Spread over 7 states in 6,o women volunteers as health workers, serve as a link between the state medi on a personal and informal basis. T
reproductive health care have prover refrain from consulting male doctors
317. Narrain, Siddharth. For an eff Issue.23. 8-21 November 2003
Women's movement in India is agital deals with rape, in particular sexual a The Criminal Law Amendment Act
Rural women's development organiz

acing and profiling the traffickers, lders and their role, exposing the d; tims and reasons for their exploitation; fficking;
mechanisms;
act of the issue; vention, prosecution and protection of
used to develop comprehensive policies f trafficking.
WARE is successful. P. 132-145; notes; ternative strategy for rural India. New nber 1999. −
egies adopted by AWARE (Action for ironment) a local NGO to tackle the oppressed and tribal communities where (family abuse against women. AWARE at if alcohol consumption is stopped the a water tank for the villagers faced with uter. With the cooperation of ooMahila of AWARE the issue of domestic abuse ective Support of the women's groups lism and to have the offenders punished oo villages AWARE has drawn in many trained in basic health interventions to al network and the community women he health volunteers trained to handle to be a great asset, as village women due to cultural constraints.
ctive law on rape. P... Frontline. Vol.20,
ng for reforms of the criminal law that Sault on minor girls and custodial rape. 1983) that provides strict penalty for
tions.
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custodial rape is found to be inadequat cases in the recent past. Sakshi a won the Supreme Court of India that re-de Penal Code. In this context the Law did not deal with the issue adequately Sakshi, AIDWA, NCW and IFSHA ( Awareness) were consulted by the Col the deletion of Section 155 (4) of the II the cross-examination of a rape victim also included a graded sentence for cus violence at workplace. The Commission assault be made gender neutral. Le however, was not included in the ri government enacted an amendment to
means that a victim can no longer be q Beyond this, no significant imple recommendations of the Law Commis
318. Narrian, Siddharth. Sexuality a
2004.
Women's rights groups are active in a Indian Penal Code which criminalises The petitioners argue that Section 377 and that criminalising homosexual acts minorities. All India Women's Democ letter to the Union Law Minister high threat of Section 377 are the 'Hijra sex from the police and local gangsters. S minorities demands for the repeal of t victims of violence to seek redress.
319. Nath, Tripti. Sex-selection Te
September 2000.
Mahila Sarvangeen Mandal, a women Enquiry Health & Allied Themes (C litigation seeking the implementation of Techniques (PNDT) (Regulations & P petition, filed through the Lawyers' C
?’ Eunuchs.

to deal with the increasing number of en's NGO submitted a writ petition to ines the concept of rape in the Indian Dommission submitted a report which Women's organisations, in particular Intervention for Support, Healing and nmission and the report recommended dian Evidence Act, in order to prevent on her morals' and sexual history. It todial rape, while providing for sexual also Suggested that laws against Sexual gislation criminalizing marital rape, commendations. Based on this, the Section 146 of the Evidence Act which uestioned about her 'moral character. nentations have been made on the sion.
ld the law. P95-96. Frontline. 2 January
campaign to repeal Section 377 of the orivate consensual sex between adults. affects HIV/AIDS prevention efforts leads to discrimination against sexual atic Association (AIDWA) in an open lights that those most affected by the workers who face a threat of violence angama a NGO working with sexual his section, which does not permit the
its Court moved. The Tribune. 19
's group together with the Centre for EHAT) have filed a public interest provisions of the Pre-Natal Diagnostic evention of Misuse) Act of 1994. The Ilective, a women's NGO, has lead to

Page 145
che issue of a Supreme Court Order to Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Act. The petition requested that:
o Pre-natal diagnostic techniques ( Act and the performance of such
O Directives issued to the State a the provisions by appointing : committees at the state, district
The petition also highlights that the A natal sex determination does not covert
320. National AIDS Control Orga have the rights, the power a from HIV/AIDS: World AIDS December 2004.
A gendered initiative on AIDS preve campaign against HIV/AIDS a much India. Inserted by the Ministry of He the need to raise awareness on the is: support the victims and seek health Se
321. National Alliance of Women N - ICES Archives on Violence A
NAWO is an outcome of the National to consolidate the efforts and gains oft is committed to establish and strengthe in particular those of marginalized wo violence. The National Federation of on Women, Tribal Women and wome drawn in this networking. Linking the to a united and collective effort to stre take action against gender issues.
322. National Alliance of Women NAWO : Combat violence aga Conference on Post-Beijing F February 1997.

all state governments and the Union or the effective implementation of the
'ontravene the provisions of the PNDT
a procedure violates the Act; hd Central governments to implement appropriate authorities and advisory levels.
ct provided for the prevention of prehe issue of pre-conceptual sex planning.
nization (NACO). "Women and girls nd the needs to protect themselves Day 1 December 2004. The Hindu. 1
2ntion, as part of NACO nation-wide
reported incidence among women in alth this supplement aims to highlight sue, access to information, courage to rvices.
AWO). On NAWO... (s.l), 19... [Source gainst Women).
Committee of Women, India that aims he "Pre-Beijing" process. The Alliance the network of women's organisations, men - the prime target of gender-based Dalit Women, Forum against Violence h belonging to religious minorities are lifferent regions of India, NAWO leads ngthen the women's movements and to
NAWO). Two-year action plan of inst women. P33. The First National eview and Action, New Delhi, 17-19
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NAWO is the outcome of Post-Beijin by the NGO Advisory Committee of the related to the empowerment of margir castes, indigenous Women, urban poor minorities, the Post-Beijing Action Pla gender-based violence by pressurising section of the 9th Five Year Plan. The
o Provision of legal literacy on la and Social Workers at communit O Training on gender sensitivity themselves on international wo CEDAW; O Support to marginalized categorie
UNIFEM : Global Campaign ) Violence in South Asia, 25 Nove
NAWO has linked with the Global Cam in 10 states of India. The participant Women to activists, Social Workers a Samities. Essay competitions, literary ac workshops and seminars focused on vio problematic Social issue that needsger
Women and armed conflict. P31
Women suffer the most among groups becomes a tactic of war and terrorism. 'Planning Meeting of the Indian Cha Peace, supported by UNIFEM. This Platform of Action (PFA) put forward bringing in women's NGOs to prever initiatives, integrating the state. and
violence during armed Strife.
323. National Alliance of Women (N 31, plates. Report of PFA Implen New Delhi, NAWO Secretariat. 2
Rural women's organizations.
First Planning Meeting of the Indian Ch New Delhi 2 June, 1997.

g activities on gender issues, taken up Beijing process. While pursuing issues alized women - women of oppressed and those belonging to ethnic/religious n of NAWO includes the prevention of the state as the priority in the women's Alliance also works towards:
aws against gender violence to NGOs y level;
for state authorities to familiarise men's rights instruments such as the
es of women on economic self-reliance.
for the Elimination of Gender-Based mber to 10 December. P.32-34.
paign conducting diverse public events S range from Schoolgirls, community ind women heads of village Mahila ctivities, poster campaigns, mass rallies, lence against Women as an increasingly nder justice.
& 34.
affected by armed conflict where rape This aspect of the report concerns the pter of the NGO-SAARC Women for
forum draws in strategies from the by the UN Beijing Conference in 1995, ht armed conflict and lobby for peace NGO levels of action against gender
AWO). Violence against women. P22nentation in India - NAWO : 1995-2000. OOO.
apter of the NGO-SAARC Women for Peace,
3O

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Emerging from the Women's Confere Action categorically states that “ viol active gender equality, developmental grass-root Women, action groupS a campaigning against gender violence. awareness-raising campaign on gender harassment in public places, domes Workplace. The campaign was held at , local Women's groups participating in statements and "sit down' protests in
with the Lawyers Collective has pre domestic violence against women and
324. National Commission for Won place . In accordance with the "Sexual harassment of women a State of Rajasthan & Others (A
Source- http://ncW.nic.in/, acci
Sexual harassment is a serious crime a NCW, to fulfill its aims of protecting ti of women employees in their work pla be applied to all workplaces. The docu as private sector, with guidelines on c cases of misconduct by either party, measures against third-party harassr committee.
325. National Commission for Wome Delhi. 3p. Source - http://ncw accessed on 10 January 2003).
This part of the website on NCW sun prevention of gender-oriented violenc with gender crimes - spouse abuse, fa torture/violence perpetrated by in-laws sexual assault. It also draws in the dr. sexual violence.
Important court interventions.
A list of court cases on violence aga where NCW has intervened in suppor
1.

hce in Beijing (1995), the Platform for ence against Women is an obstacle to nd peace'. The NAWO has linked with nd community-based organisations This section of the report briefs on an -Oriented violence, in particular sexual tic abuse and sexual violence in the State, district levels with the support of mass rallies, poster campaigns, press public places. NAWO in collaboration 'ssed for a new civil law concerning
children.
nen NCW. Code of conduct for work 2 recent supreme court judgement on It work place" in Vishaka d. Others vs. AIR 1997 SC 3011). New Delhi. 6p. essed on 26 January 2003).
gainst human dignity and freedom. The he safety of and promoting the capacity ce, has prescribed a code of conduct to ment is applicable to the public as well lisciplinary action to be undertaken in ie. employer or employee, preventive ment and the duties of the complaint
nNCW). New bills/laws proposed. New v.nic.in/new bills laws proposed.htm:
nmarises acts/bills that provide for the e against Women. Legislation dealing mily violence, bigamy, child marriage, , dowry-related maltreatment, rape and aft legislation providing for victims of
2p.
inst women in different parts of India t of the victims. The list encompasses
31

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cases of sexual violence, capital pu traditional practices against the wi maintenance under religious laws.
Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalat (
PMLA meaning the People's Court fo 1990 and the Family Court Act (1984) their human rights and promote gend the District Legal Aid & Advise Board and family disputes in order to prov through the participation of the comm NGOS/Voluntary organisations, cases ol bigamy, gender crimes and labour dis complaints and counselling unit of P systematic counselling of the affecte problems through reconciliation.
Complaints and Counselling
Oral, written or suo moto under Secti the counselling unit on issues of wife b abuse, torture, desertion, sexual haras refusal to register complaints of gende be resolved or compromised are dealt handled by the inquiring committee th the police response, for further action State Commission, NGOs and exper committee, with the complaints being sensitisation programmes for the police and medico-legal personnel.
326. National Commission for W.
deserted by NRI husbands. The
Hundreds of women married to non-re. divorced by their spouses and are not ( Indian Court does not honour the divo National Commission for Women (NC on "minimum understanding' of the primarily emphasises compulsory reg up of special desks in diplomatic mis NRI marriages.

nishment, obscenity in mass media, ll of the Women, issues on divorce/
PMLA). 3p.
r Women is based on the NCW Act of to seek justice for women, to safeguard der empowerment. In consultation with (DLAAB), the PMLA handles marriage ide speedy justice to women victims hunity. With the active involvement of n domestic abuse, divorce, maintenance, putes are brought in to this forum. The MLA seeks to solve disputes through d parties and promotes settlement of
Unit. 2p.
on 20 of the NCW Act are accepted by lattery, family violence, bigamy, sexual Siment at the work place and on police er violence. Family disputes that could oy counsellors, while severe crimes are at prepares a comprehensive report on by the Commission. Persons from the ts on the subject are involved in the treated as case studies in the gender , judiciary, administrative functionaries
men NCW Seeks justice for women Hindu. 29 August 2004.
sident Indians (NRIs) are abandoned or 2ntitled to maintenance/alimony, as the rce sanctioned by a foreign court. The W) is in the process of drafting a policy issue with other countries. The policy istration of marriages, with the setting Sions abroad, to deal with the issue of
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327. National Commission for
Commission J. Prp. Mohini Giri
This letter by the Chairperson to the Co to "investigate and examine all matte for women under the Constitution...'. Act, 1990 shows the functions of the ( women against gender crimes.
328. National Commission for Wo Women at their Workplace. (Pri
[Source- http://nc W. nic.in/ ; acc
A submission to the law makers, t Workplace Bill intends to provide for
women employees at work or arising custodial protection by any one-en subordinates. The set of guidelines def joint responsibility of the employer i perpetrator/s, criminal proceedings, typ the employer and coping mechanism th deals with the complaints. Further, spec sector at district level to deal with case
329. National demands on violence.
: Marching in steps for change ( Delhi, National Alliance of Wor
Gender violence, cutting across clas: dignity, human rights and fundamental Day, women’s organisations and actio) which the conviction rates are below
the adoption of the Draft on Domestic that this law be stringently enforced in girls. While calling for action against t commercial sexual exploitation, the m
O Monitoring of current laws, thei agencies for action against gend
O Constitution of a separate col women's NGOs and human righ against Women;

Women. (On the working of the New Delhi. 18 July 1998. 2p.; annex.
mmission discusses the state initiatives rS relating to the safeguards provided Chapters II and II of the Commission ommission, with respect to protecting
men (NCW). Sexual Harassment of evention) Bill, 2003. New Delhi). 5p. essed on 6 December 2003.
he Sexual Harassment of Women at the prevention of sexual harassment of during the course of employment or 1ployers, Superiors, colleagues and ine the nature of sexual harassment, the in the offence, types of penalty to the pes of disciplinary action to be taken by at draws in a complaint committee that ial officers are designated in the public is under the provisions of the Act.
P 18-19, 200 Good Reasons to March World March of Women in 2000). New men et al
s, caste and culture impairs women's freedom. On the International Women's l groups focused on gender crimes, for 10%. The protest march demanded for Violence (Prevention) Bill, 1999 and cases of sexual violence against minor afficking of women and girls and their archers stressed on :
implementation and law enforcement er-based violence;
nmission adequately represented by tS groups, to handle cases of violence

Page 150
Media guidelines against the con Laws against Witch-hunting, a p Recognition of women's righ reproductivity and inheritance o
330. National Federation of Dalit W Gender and Racism. 2p. World Discimination, Xenophobia and F - 7 September 2002.
This is a declaration by women of opp from other marginalised sections of th violence and discrimination perpetrate calling for gender justice. Submitted at NFDW expresses concern over the fai against all forms of Violence, aggress of oppressed communities, minorit impoverished sections of the public.
331. National Human Rights Comn
and children. New Delhi. 2001.
This is an information brochure broug focal point for trafficking women and illustrates the prevalence of traffickin under the:
O Co-ordination and co-operation
levels; Prevention of the crime; O Protection, repatriation and re-i
national and global levels.
332. National Maternity Benefit Scheme
Programme (NSAP]. [s.l]. 2003. accessed on 16 December 2003).
This scheme extends financial assista households below the poverty line. Mo provided that she is above 19 years of MNBS has been introduced as a natic
l

modification of women as sex objects; revalent form of traditional violence; hts with respect to their sexuality, fancestral property.
omen NFDW). NGO Declaration on | Conference against Racism, Racial Related intolerance, Durban, 28 August
ressed communities, tribes and women e Society in protest of the community d by various Segments of the Society, the World Conference against Racism, lure of the government to protect them ive communalism and marginalization y religions, indigenous groups and
hission (NHRC). Trafficking in women 18p.
ht out by the NHRC to be set up as the children, in South Asia. The brochure g, highlighting the role of the NHRC
at national, regional and international
integration of the trafficked persons at
? INMBS I. P2. National Social Assistance (Source - http://WWW.indianngos.com;
ince to pregnant women belonging to netary assistance is given to the mother age, for the first two live child-births. nal policy on social security for poor
34

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women under the directive of the Cen
districts.
333. New Indian law for abortion. Is lp. Source - http://www.ap.org
In an attempt to eliminate the practice India has banned the abortion of health prohibited from undergoing amniocel the Sex of the unborn child. In order to ratio, the newly passed law against fer for a period of 3 years and a fine.
334. Oldenburg, Veena Talwar. W
Understanding dowry death in murder : The imperial origins o University Press. 2002.
In this section of the publication the a of the Dowry Prohibition Act (1961) a cases on dowry death in Delhi. Evide Code recognises physical/mental cruel as punishable offence. Amendment to India provides a full-fledged investig. the husband and his family and a c. Although this is a positive trend, th implement the Acts effectively. The aut remains unreformed, within a patriarc Women's non-governmental organisa victims of dowry violence and deman deaths of new brides. Sahelia wome victim-survivors of dowry related viol suspected dowry deaths. They provid begin a new life and community netwo focuses on case Studies from Saheliar gender justice to the victims
335. Owen. Margaret. Conclusion : 207 notes. A World Of WidowS

tral Government to the various states/
s.l., Associated Press. 9 January 1996. ; accessed on January 2003).
of female foeticide the Government of ny female foetuses. Therefore, public is ntesis and Sonogram that could reveal prevent the alarming decline in the sex male foeticide prescribes imprisonment
riting Lives, Underwriting Silences : contemporary India. P 175-225. Dowry f a cultural Crime. New Delhi, Oxford
uthor acknowledges the ineffectiveness s indictaed by the rise in the number of ntly, Section 498A of the Indian Penal ty to a woman by her spouse or relatives Section l l 3 A of the Evidence Act of tion of a bride's suicide by convicting ompulsory post-mortem examination. e law enforcers and judiciary do not hor argues that the colonial court System hal culture.
tions in Delhi are working to support ding proper investigations of suicides/ an’s resource centre in Delhi Supports ence, as well as intervention in cases of e temporary shelter to the survivors to king for their re-integration.The chapter ld the course of action taken to provide
Women organizing for change. P. 194London, Zed Books. 1996.
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Widows in traditional Societies face val violating their human rights. This ch widows who work together for physi Shramjivi Samaj a trade union of the together marginalized Widows from V denial of their nominal pensions, cal their homes and to enjoy the benefits (1956), to retain the assets of the decea and equal wages for employment ir demanded schooling for their children making power at the Village councils." the support of mass media, most of administration. Another success story Women's Association), a non-governi scheme in 1995 to insure members a helped hundreds of widows to survive the strength to emerge as heads of ho SEWA also provides legal assistance t and property disputes.
336. Panchal, Trupti [and] Shaik cases of sexually abused girl Mumbai, The Special Cell for biblio.; annex.
A Study on the prevalence of Sexual a police cases in Mumbai. Gathering da First Information Reports (FIRs), witne charge sheets and documents from pe
O Find the demographic, socio-ec and offenders as well as the situ
O Assess the types of legal interve personnel and court authorities; Study the trends in the reporting
O Appraise of the available victii
community.
This research Suggests policy measu and rehabilitative services for abused legal reforms, community intervention: the crime of child sexual abuse.

ious forms of violence, ostracism while apter describes the success stories of cal, emotional and economic support. poor in Northern Gujarat has brought illages, who have protested against the ling for legal protection to remain in of the modern Hindu Succession Law ised spouse for economic independence non-formal sectors. They also have and the right to exercise their decisionThe campaign was so forceful that with heir demands were met by the public
is that of SEWA (The Self-Employed nental organization which introduced a gainst the death of their spouses. This the trauma of widowhood and develop useholds with economic independence. o the women over issues of inheritance
h, Nahida. Documentation of police s in Mumbai City between 1994-95. Women & Children. 1997. 29p.; tables;
buse of the girl child based on reported ata from a variety of resources such as sS Statements, medical/forensic reports, nal institution, this study aims to:
onomic and age profiles of the victims lational context of the abuse; ntions carried out by the police, medical
g of cases;
m-support networks within family and
res to set up a network of preventive children and further means to initiate S, training programmes and follow-up to
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337. Pande, Mrinal. A price for lif
Despite laws that prohibit sex determ illegal clinics are flourishing across t the population policy, the right to fre of illegal sex determination and sub CEHAT, a Mumbai-based NGO has rei foeticide in several States. Based on Court has summoned the health secreta shows an alarming drop in the birth ra based NGOs, women's organisations view that the success of the populati over their productive and reproductive of forced abortions.
338. Parmar, Leena. Money Matters P 16-19. Manushi. Issue. 38.2
Widowhood, irrespective of the com ostracism and gender exploitation in a to assess the impact of a new compe from the National Defence Fund, the ce social organizations, as Well as indiv awareness of women in terms of knc funds, reveal that the widows/ heads education and awareness to have contr It is recommended that they need adu them to manage the resources more e their families and resolve family conf
339. Parsal, Gargi. Lack of politic The Hindu. 16 April 2004.
The Centre for Advocacy & Research Studies together have organised a semi to review Statistics on the issue. Acco of Health & Family Welfare, the num of pre-natal health clinics that perform are relatively few. However, there we pre-conception/pre-natal sex selection call to prevent the crime of female fo

2. The Hindu. 3 February 2002.
nation tests to limit female infanticide, he country. This news article addresses : abortion and the large-scale practices sequent abortion of the female foetus. rently filed a petition on cases of female the petition, upon which the Supreme ries of l l states where the recent census e of girl babies. Evidently, communityand human rights activists express the )n policy depends on women's control roles against the Socio-cultural practices
: The experience of Kargil war widows. 003.
munity and class background leads to traditional Society. This study leads us nsation package which includes funds :ntral and State governments and several iduals. An assessment of the level of wledge of the benefits and the use of
of households need a higher level of ol over funds and access to the benefits. lt education programmes which enable ffectively, to provide moral support to icts as part of the family rehabilitation.
all will in tackling female infanticide
and Centre for Women's Development har on sex selection and female foeticide ding to those provided by the Ministry per of cases filed for non-registration tests for detecting the sex of the foetus e Some advertisements on facilities for . This workshop has lead to a 'wake up eticide.
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340. The Penalties of Death. Indian
The column relates to cases of death state, in particular those of rape and during 1978-2004, the victims were
one of the offenders of the cases, viz., as a provocative mass media which
341. Physicians for Human Rights
war. P... Asia Watch. Vol.5, No.
This report is based on cases of rapi Kashmir, with interviews from victin them to procure medical evidence. I armed conflict in Kashmir and the vuln PHR calls on the international commu and to pressurise all parties including Women. They also recommend to the
Prosecute security personnel re. Train personnel to gather evider
O Protect the medical staff involv
the victims.
342. Poonacha, Veena and Pandey, in the states of Karnataka and C Centre for Women's Studies. 19
Grass-roots organisations in Karnatak in combating family violence that tak related violence, widow-burning (sati evaluation of activities of the stal organisational structure, staff morale includes case studies from governm women's NGOs and community-basec of institutions working to combat dom shows that NGOs have promoted inte police action, family counselling, prov collectives involving Women's group improve the quality of interventional
30 V.Shankar alias Auto-Shanker from Ch

Express. 2 July 2004.
penalty sanctioned in a post-colonial murder. In the three cases conducted teenagers and school-girls. Evidently, V. Shanker blamed the film industry influenced him to commit the crime.
PHR). Rape in Kashmir. A crime of 9. May 1993.
e committed by security personnel in nS and gynaecologists, who examined n view of the prevailing conditions of erability of women for sexual violence, nity to condemn rape as a crime of war the militants, to stop violence against Government of India to:
sponsible for rape; hce from rape Victims; ed in the examination and treatment of
Divya. Response of domestic violence ujarath. 354p., ref Mumbai. Research 99.
a and Gujarat are increasingly involved es many forms — wife battering, dowry ) and abuse by in-laws. This study is an te and Voluntary organisations, the and intervention strategies. The paper. ent initiatives, voluntary institutions, organisations for an in-depth analysis estic violence. The results of the study rvention in the areas of law enforcers, iding shelters for victims and self-help )S. Recommendations are provided to ong these lines.
hennai, hanged in 1995.
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343. Positive Women's Network
women from India". By Kousal WWW.hiVnet.ch:8000/asia/ ; acc
A national consultation organised i UNIFEM was held in Chennai from 8 included women living with AIDS, wi personnel, UN Agencies and the recommendations arising from this co
O Voluntary testing and counsellir
Developing of gender sensitive and counsellors selected from tl O Access to quality and affordab rights of the AIDS-affected per health services in the public anc O Code of ethics for health care p o Promoting gender-based budge judiciary, law enforcers and hea O Awareness raising for medi communication for agencies wo
344. Premalatha, P.N. Movement Nationalism and Women"S move Delhi, Gyan Publishing House.
The women's movement in South Ind regime has passed through 2 significa against gender-based violence and the Gender discriminatory laws that subje questioned, calling for women's franch the eradication of harmful traditional women’s question within the freedom si in the civil disobedience movement. T women's action groups and other NGO India Association, Madras Vigilance Ass Union, South India Brahmo Samajanc that were instrumental in legal reform
Founded by Ms. Anne Besant, a British

PWN). "Positive faces and voices of ya. 23 May 2002. 2p. [Source — http:// essed on 19 June 2003.
n association with the UNAIDS and to 11th March 2002. The participants )men activists, State authorities, media
international community. Major insultation are:
ng for HIV/AIDS; raining modules for voluntary workers nose affected by HIV; le treatment and care as basic human sons while promoting women-friendly
private sectors; roviders in all health sectors; ting and gender sensitisation for the lth care providers; a personnel and building skills in rking with HIV/AIDS.
for social reform. P. 197-233; ref. ement in South India, 1917-1947. New 2003.
ia during the latter part of the colonial ant phases. Women activist campaigns social restraints imposed on women. cted women to legal 'disabilities' were ise, compulsory primary education and bractices. The second phase viewed the ruggle where many women participated his chapter highlights the activities of in the South, in particular the Women's ociation, Indian Ladies Samaj, Mothers' the Madras Muslim Ladies Association concerning :
national.
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O Eradication of the practice of chil primary education for the girl c Abolition of the Devadasi syste Suppression of immoral traffick
Their activities including campaigns the proposed bills, petition, lobbying and Work to implement the law. Initiat the Madras Act XXXV (1947), this brothels, human trafficking and coerc Women's Conference held in Madras
services in temples, demanding propert As part of the reform campaign, wome
released from temple services.
345. Pubescent minor Muslim girl ca
This is a judgment by the High Court maintenance filed by a minor girl abar rejected this claim on grounds that she could not enter into a valid marriage “wife“.that confers her status as a spol was not entitled to maintenance unde Court, however, pointed out that the l attained puberty (presumed in the abse to enter a marriage contract.
346. Puri, Luv. Women in Jammu
29 August 2004.
The Jammu-Kashmir State Assembly Disqualification Bill (2004) according an 'outsider' will lose her Permanent R. she loses her right to remain a stat employment and inherit property with Revenue still issues PRC to women wi is opposed by Women's groups an discriminatory and that “no religion inclu rights.' Evidently, the High Court of marrying outside the state could-be leg as Sanctioned by the State Constitution
' All India Women's Conference, Madra
14

d marriage and provision of compulsory hild;
m;
ing of women and children.
against child marriage, comments on
for the Child Marriage Restraint Act 2d by the Madras Vigilance Association campaign leads to the abolishment of 2d prostitution at large. The All India lead to the eradication of the Devadasi y rights to the women and their kinship. n's groups encouraged those who were
un marry — HC. [s.l). 2 July 2003.
of Kerala in response to a petition for doned by her spouse. The family court was under 18 years of age and therefore contract, thus nullify her status as a use. The wife abandoned by the spouse the Family Court decision. The High slamic Law permits a person who has nce of evidence after her fifteenth year)
, celebrate fall of Bill. The Hindu.
had defeated the Permanent Resident to which a woman of the state marrying esident Certificate (PRC) and thereafter Subject, pursue education, take up nin the state. The Department of State ith a clause “valid till marriage' which d human rights activists as gender lding Islam denies women's fundamental Jammu-Kashmir holds that no woman ally denied her right to retain the PRC,
l.
S, November 1938.
O

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347. Q. Web. Sakhi Women's Resourc
- http://www.dweb.kvinnoforu
This web site displays information o based in Kerala that aids Women's information on sexual violence, repro issues. Presentations highlighting act harassment and sexual exploitation o references and selected links. The sect reveal valuable resources on the issues transmitted diseases, pregnancy and ch and reproduction.
348. RAHI (Recovering and Heali
Zone : Women's experiences o New Delhi. August 1998. 35p.;
Incest and child sexual abuse have during the past years due to awarene This study aims to establish childhood violence, and examines the available i point of view - the impact on a woma sexual health, and community inter survivor. The study serves to broaden to provide service to the victim/surviv ( this study was conducted among the major cities of India. As anonymou collection also proved to be of therap who sought assistance from RAHI to RAHI has therefore, provided one-time and relevant reading material.
349. Railar-Mhatre, Sumedha. Div Till cruelty do us part. Indian E
The Christian Marriage Act has accept physical and, or psychological abuse as as demonstrated by the Bombay High 10 of the Indian Divorce Act which S1 cruelty, adultery or desertion by the Christian organisations have support Christian women facing family violen

2 Centre. s.l. March 2003. 6p. Source n. Sel : accessed on 4 December 2003).
n Sakhi, a resource centre for Women
and human rights groups to access ductive health and other gender related ion against sexual abuse, rape, sexual f children are displayed through texts, on on sexuality and reproductive health of contraception, safe abortion, sexually ild-birth and the role of men in sexuality
ng from Incest). Voices from the Silent f incest and childhood sexual abuse. tables; charts; append.
3ained increased prominence in India SS-raising on the part of many groups. sexual abuse as a phenomenon of gender nformation/statistics from a survivor's n's physical, mental, reproductive and vention in the healing process of the the base of mental health professionals Dr. While using questionnaires as a tool, middle and upper class women in the is questionnaires, this mode of data peutic value for some of the survivors deal with their individual problems. referrals to meptal health professionals
orce & Christian marriage in India : Xpress. 20 May 1997. 2p.
ed domestic violence, whether cruelty, grounds for Women to obtain a divorce, ourt (BHC) that has overruled Section ates that a Christian wife has to prove pouse when seeking a divorce. Many 2d the court ruling in 3 cases, where ce were granted divorce. According to
1.

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legal personnel, BHC has acted as an the community's demand to simplify t governments are still apathetic to this the Section S il 7 and 20 of the Indian Di divorce or annulment passed by a dis member bench of the High Court.
350. Rajalakshmi, T.K. A battle fo
18 January 2002.
A public hearing on the status of wo has been held in the State of Uttar Prac supported by the national women's org. Women's Association (AIDWA), N. (NFIW) and the All India Progressive article explores the prevalence of gen poor women belonging to the oppress by women's groups and movements to related violence where women's humar community and state. Women who suf rape to coerced sexual sterilisation sub the State should :
(1) Be accountable to the current st (2) Scrap the population policy tha: (3) Introduce a gender policy with (4) Approve of the Bill on Domesti (5) Form a women's commission a
women's movements.
Further, the women's groups and m condemning the unresponsive attitude of Violence against Women, in particu Workers.
351. Rajalakshmi, T.K. A birth co
7 November 2003.
This article is a critique of the populatic and the poor by the State of Rajastha

agent of social reform, in keeping with he divorce procedure, whereas the state issue. The BHC has also struck down vorce Act, which states that an order of trict court has to be confirmed by a 3
r women's rights. P. 38-39. Frontline.
men belonging to the oppressed castes lesh, with a network of women's NGOs anisations viz., the All India Democratic ational Federation of Indian Women : Women's Association (AIPWA). This der-based violence perpetrated against ed castes, in the backdrop of activities gather information on cases of gender1 rights have been violated by the family, fered from gender-based violence, from omitted a memorandum demanding that
atus of “Dalit” women; t is detrimental to women's health; the participation of women's groups; c Violence; t state level, with representatives from
ovements have launched a campaign is of the State Government on the issue lar the poor and "untouchable' women
introl controversy. P40-41. Frontline.
)n control programme targeted at women an. This programme, though geared to
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reduce maternal and infant mortality, a by the masses has been condemned by and NGOs as target-oriented and not
the Ministry of Health, stating that inj programme are known to create havc addition to other undesirable effects, a mortality. Instead, the programme shou care services and employ auxilliary
couples to undertake family planning.
352. Rajalakshmi, T.K. A dangero
8-21 November 2003.
A brochure based on the data from cen the Office of the Registrar General, the and the Union Ministry of Health & Fa of the sex ratio with a drastic drop ir releasing this brochure, the Union Mini combine its population Stabilisation e child. Though not approved by the Nat norm' is a preferred method of achiev in several states. However, activists a health issues pinpoint that the two-ch rate of girl babies in preference to sc control fertility. A study conducted on ratio at birth will widen if the govern stabilisation programme in this manne
353. Rajalakshmi, T.K. An unequit Issue. 14. 7-20 July 2001.
This article concerns a recently pro maintenance payable to divorced wom in Section 25 of the Code of Crimi Muslim women seeking maintenance are not entitled to maintenance beyond in particular the Centre for Women's D Women's Programme (JWP), AIDWA expressed views that the Act should b under the secular legislation and perso gender justice.

ind to increase the use of contraception health activists, Women's organisations health-oriented. They have petitioned ectable contraceptives deployed in the }c in the mother's menstrual cycle, in nd at any rate would not lower maternal ild encompass improved primary health nurses-midwives who could motivate
us trend. Frontline. Vol.20, Issue.23.
suses 1991-2001 has been produced by Census Commissioner of India, UNFPA mily Welfare revealing a sharp decline the birth rate of the girl child. Upon Stry declared that the government would fforts with measures to protect the girl ional Population Policy, the two-child ing populations goals already enforced nd groups concerned over gender and ild norm leads to a decline in the birth ons, as the policy grants incentives to
the issue shows that the gap in the sex ment continues to link the population
c.
pus proposal. P..... Frontline. Vol.18,
posed bill on the ceiling on monthly ten and their dependent children as laid nal Procedures (CrPC). Nevertheless, under the Muslim Women's Act (1986) a period of 3 months. Women's groups, levelopment Studies (CWDS), the Joint and the Muslim Women's Forum have be extended to Muslim women as well nal laws should be reformed to provide
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354. Rajalakshmi, T.K. Adding ins
April 2002.
On International Women's Day the Lok from Domestic Violence Bili. This artit Women's groups for whom the ultin violence in the country. The All Inc (AIDWA) has categorically rejected t proposal is 'defective', while the La (LCWR) has demanded substantial am bill is flawed in the very definition of ( several issues within the framework Organisations have expressed criticism
O Definition of domestic violenc
abuses; O Access of the domestic viole
matrimonial home; O Scope and effects of Protection
Role of service providers with r O Nature of monetary relief provic
355. Rajalakshmi, T.K. Against Genu
2002.
This article draws in the experience o (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse that no genetic counselling centres, lab natal diagnostic techniques to determi female foeticide. Considering the seri attached to this practice, the Act is ope are required to review and monitor
launching campaigns on public aware and infanticide. Furthermore, all prestate governments and action be tak Supreme Court of India has taken action to the "follow-up' to the Act, and in no pre-natal diagnostic equipment to unr observer committees, comprising medic are reporting cases of female foeticide, equipment. The author also refers to th that has come under the direct surveil
1.

ult to injury P. 99-100. Frontline. 12
Saba sparked a debate on the Protection le comments on the reaction of various hate objective is to prevent domestic lia Democratic Womenos Association he bill, stating that the nucleus of the wyers' Collective for Women's Rights 2ndments to it. Accordingly, the current lomestic Violence and does not address of family-based violence. Women's n on the:
ce and the various forms of domestic
ince victim and her children to her
Order; espect to victims; led to the victim.
der Bias. P 86-87. Frontline. 1 February
f the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques ) Act passed in 1994. The Act provides boratories or clinics should employ prene the sex of the foetus, which leads to ousness of gender imbalance and bias rative in all states where the authorities the implementation of the Act, while 'ness on the crime of female foeticide natal clinics have to register with the cen against unregistered clinics. The 1 on 9 States for having failed to conform t taking lawful action against the sale of egistered clinics. It is noteworthy that cal personnel and human rights activists, as well as the unlawful use of diagnostic he Cradle-Baby Scheme of Tamil Nadu lance of state authorities.
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356. Rajalakshmi, T.K. For an AI.
2002.
The National AIDS Control Organisa
Medical Research (ICMR) have join
AIDS and its control, for policy-make
Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), this confe AIDS vaccines through a memoran. Government. entitled “Delhi Declar: for AlDS prevention and care in deve commitment of policy makers to prov the challenges faced by the epidemic, address factors such as underdevelopm empowerment and all forms of sexual
The Government of India and IAVI h; partnership to create an AIDS vaccine viruses found in India. The forum al gender discrimination involved, to cr legislation. Technologies such as the dilemmas, role of care givers, opportu groups, global resources and the ado prevention. Issues discussed at this cor the current forms of treatment availab makers to commit towards the eradica that are associated with the epidemic.
357. Rajalakshmi, T.K. Programm
29 March 2002.
This is a programme, launched by
(NACO) to prevent 'mother-to-child' paediatric AIDS, due to the high preva thus increasing the risk of mother-toStudies reveal that chemotherapy coul AIDS Anti-Discrimination Movement Pradesh argue that the question of sid the ill-effects of the drug prescribed to Education-cum- Counselling Progi Maharashtra, Manipur, Karnataka and cautioning against the use of AZT.HI part of NACO and the Union Ministry trials and results of the feasibility stu

'S Vaccine. P. 86-87. Frontline. 7 June
ion (NACO) and the Indian Council of ly organised an international forum on 's. Sponsored by the International AIDS "ence, attempts to develop indigenous um of understanding with the Indian tion' that concerns the specific needs loping nations. While emphasising the de leadership and take Steps to address the declaration pledges to identify and ent, poverty, illiteracy, lack of Women's 2xploitation that leads to this condition. lve entered into a vaccine development designed to Suit the specific strains of so considers the Social Stigma and the eate a conducive environment through female condom, human rights/ethical nistic infection, access to marginalized ption of newer technologies for AIDS ference have created a venue to rethink le for HIV/AIDS and to draw in policy tion of poverty and underdevelopment
es and pitfalls. P 88-89. Frontline.
National AIDS Control Organisation transmission of HIV, aims to control ence of HIV among ante-natal women, 'hild transmission of the virus. NACO ters the more serious side-effects. The and the Joint Action Council of Andhra :-effects is being side-stepped, despite regnant women through a "HIV Group amme" in the ante-natal clinics of Andhra Pradesh. The Movement, while drug calls for a transparency on the of Health regarding the methodology,
y.

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358. Rajalakshmi, T. K. Skewed Pri.
12 Spetember 2003.
An exploration of the draft document e III and Family Planning - Programme Ir by the Ministry of Health and Family W Population Policy 2000. Evidently, thi planning ignoring the larger issue of wo to stabilise the population of the co approach to the Reproductive and Chilc a variety of contraceptives directec reproductive rights and freedom of ch that the new programme does not co. Women, and has a clear gender bias at and adolescent health care, it emphasis of rural health practioners in distributin NGOs, reproductive health services proportion of midwives available in ru II does not provide any amicable solu and female foeticide. Hence, a reforme centred' rather than target-based appr
359. Rajalakshmi, T.K. Taking on d
2002
This survey on the prevalence of dow conducted by AIDWA (All India De States and Delhi. The results of this : workshop with participation by AID organisations and women from the gr: perception of dowry and its impact an questionnaires revealed that almost a female foeticide and infanticide were due to high levels of consumerism, h formerly engage in this practice. At thi adopted to call upon all citizens across affiliations to act collectively against to launch a national campaign again religious leaders to denounce public preference. The campaign includes pu
"Expanding Dimensions of Dowry',

orities. P... Frontline. Vol.20, Issue. 18.
ntitled “Reproductive and Child Health nplementation Plan” (RCH-II) prepared 'elfare, in consonance with the National S draft proposal focuses only on family men's reproductive health care, aiming untry rather than applying a holistic | Health programme. The RCH-II offers l at women, raising the question of hoice. Gender and health activists argue nsider the health and life-cycle of the tached. While prioritising urban, tribal es the Social marketing and involvement g contraceptives. According to women's for rural women are very poor as the ral areas is very low. Further, the RCHtion to the issue of declining Sex ratio 'd programme is required with a clientJoach.
owry. P96-97. Frontline. 22 November
ry System and its impact on Society was emocratic Women's Association) in 16 appraisal was presented at a 'national WA activists, trade unionists, student ass roots who collated their data on the hongst the lowest income groups. Their ll crimes against women, inclusive of linked to the practice of taking dowry has begun in communities that did not e end of the workshop, a resolution was community, caste, religion and political this eril practice. AIDWA has resolved st the practice of dowry, appealing to y all the practices that strengthen sonblic demonstrations, encouraging inter
New Delhi, 1-2 September, 2002.
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caste, own-choice and non-dowry mar health centres that perform sex deter commercials that encourage the act of
360. Rajalakshmi, T.K. Testimonies
record the tales of terror and Gujarat. P 126-128. Frontline. .
The communal violence sparked off b damage to people in the State of Guja together with the Communist Party of Il of the affected women, recording con against women belonging to religious police personnel are also responsible pretext of combing operations. The w for the internally displaced and ass. assistance, monetary help, provision C by camp officials to the victims of sex
361. Rajalakshmi, TK. Victims
6- 19 November 2004.
A two-day People's Tribunal on Coer norm' held in Delhi recently review women's experiences. Testimonies impoverished were heard by membe associations and human rights groups, family planning drive. Evidently, neith for surgical sterilisation had lead to a ri age of marriage, maternal mortality C women belonging to the under-privileg soon after marriage, in order to proc schemes announced by the governmen not conform to the two-child policy are n elections, unlike in the case of the asse on case studies from the various state child norm should be done away with validity of the norm.
* People's Tribunal on Coercive Populat
14

iages, while launching protests against nination tests and media programmes/ dowry.
of terror: Various fact-finding teams ragedy in the communal cauldron of 6 April 2002
| religious extremists has caused much rat, and women in particular. AIDWA, dia, (CPM-M) have conducted a survey uplaints of sexual violence perpetrated minorities. According to the victims, for rape and sexual abuse under the 'omen's organisation has visited camps essed the basic facilities of medical f dry ration etc., and the efforts made ual violence and other forms.
of coercion. P. 83-84. Frontline.
cive Population Policies and two child 'ed the state population policies and ; from grass roots women and the rs of women's commissions, health on the negative impact of the national er the two-child norm nor the pressure se injuvenile sex ratio, female literacy, r reproductive health. Instead, young ed groups were subject to sterilization ure monetary benefits under various E. It is noteworthy, that women who do oteligible to participate in the Panchayat mbly or parliamentary elections. Based , the tribunal demanded that the two
as well as laws that uphold the legal
on Policies, Delhi, 9 October, 2004.
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362. Rajani, Nicole. Fighting for mobilize. 7p... [s.l], AMFAR Tre http://www.amfar.org/cgi-bin/io
The theme of this article is community e to prevent HIV/AIDS. In this context, programme for commercial Workers Organisation the project leads to create welfare for commercial sex workers, in with the hierarchy of the trade, the pro incentives and raises awareness on St peers. Reaching out to Women in the ti primary health care, distributes free c and support services for those in neec relates to similar efforts made by Comm of Tamil Nadu and SANGRAM of Mi
363. Rajan, R.S. The scandal of
protection in comtempo ra r: Conference on Violence Agair Colombo, 28-31 March 1996.
An evaluation of the degree of state wel this paper highlights the case of institut who had to undergo mass Surgical Ste and the protest made by women's grc fundamental human rights. Subsequen this incident.
364. Rakyan, Lalitha. Brief note o, Bharathiya Janani. No.22, Augu
Short stay home is meant for women at need help and guidance to regain their shelter services of the Mahila Dakshat: institution that provides counselling, develop skills and social relationships t
365. Ramachandra, Vimala and
reproductive health. P. 2244 Weekly. 6 September 1997.

their health, India's sex workers atment Insider. April 2003. Source - wa/ ; accessed on 11 November 2003).
fforts based on peer educational models , the Saheli project is a peer education . As an initiative of People's Health awareness on sexual health and Social particular women in Mumbai. Working ject selects leaders, provides economic 2xual/reproductive health among their ade and their families, Saheli provides Ondoms, referral services, counselling d cf further care/treatment. The article unity Health Education Society (CHES) aharashtra.
the state : Women and institutional y India. 30p., notes. ICES/SSRC 1st Women : Victims and ideologies,
fare to penal and non-penal institutions, ionalised mentally handicapped women :rilisation to prevent sexual abuse..., Dups against the violation of women's tly, the State has ordered an inquiry into
n short stay home - 'Snehalay'. P. 6. St 2000.
hd girls who are victims of violence and self-confidence. This write-up is on the Samiti (MDS) a state sponsored social guidance and scope for the victims to Olive in dignity.
Visaria, Leela. Emerging issues on -47, notes. Economic and Political
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This is a paper based on the regional c to the Population Policy of India whe target-free approach in family planning fertility control and women's reproduct Social activists, researchers, state a Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANM) in for the family planning authorities and the state in terms of Women's health a the areas in which NGOs could play a health services to rural communities.
366. Ramachandran, Sudha. J & R
Deccan Herald. 5 March 2001.
Women affected by armed violence in much in need of financial and other fo This news article refers to the failure o war-widows in the valley. Though til payment for the affected, this seldom Better World is one of the few NGOs w war-widows, training programmes in h and finance management.
367. Rao, Rajyasri. Dowry demand
NewsOnline. 14 May 2003. 2p.
In India, giving and accepting dowry i imprisonment. This news item highligh Sharma who summoned the police to demanding a dowry minutes before t dowry, though illegal is widely in prac problems before, during and after the
368. Rao, Sandhya [and] Chopra, A
violence . A study of organised India: A summary report of fo International Centre for Researc
This research project explores the among service providers in Bangalor
14

onsultations on the current approaches re the state has decided to introduce a programmes. This poses a question on ive health. Non-governmental agencies, uthorities and representatives of the consultation, discuss the code of ethics the relationship between the NGOs and nd family welfare. The article suggests partner role to the state in promoting
Wrong approach to rehabilitation.
the valley of Kashmir and Jammu are rms of Support controlled by the state. f the state in responding to the needs of he government provides an ex-gratia
reaches women heads of households. which provides counselling services for handicrafts and to helping in marketing
d lands groom in jail. London, BBC
s a punishable offence that can lead to its the case of a bride-to-be Ms. Nisha arrest the prospective bridegroom for he marriage ceremony. The custom of tice as a tradition' that causing many a marriage.
shima and Nagamani, S.N. Domestic l data. P15-24. Domestic violence in ur record studies. Washington D.C., h on Women (ICRW). May 2000.
status and nature of record keeping 2, to victims of domestic violence. In
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due course, the Study investigates support women’s human rights. Vir governmental women’s institutions Sel Counselling Cell of the Police Commis Nagar that serves the urban communit various welfare organisations are in provided by them are a combination ( and mobilising economic support for w also sheds light on the attitudes and pr the framework of women's rights. Recc focus on actions to improve the issue c for future work :
O Convene a network of service
method of record keeping and ( format that is helpful for the victin
O Improve public awareness on
Support Services, and human rig system for their functioning;
O Improve networking among pol providers and members of Pan the effectiveness of community
369. Rege, S. Caste and Gender . Th s.l., European Institute, Robert
http://ideas. repec.org; accessed
The paper underscores societal attituc gender violence in India. In exploring t the issue of gender violence has bec missionaries, colonial administrators, S state. Accordingly, the crime Was ad missions and Women as weaker sex rights as human rights.
370. Rehabilitation Centre for Blind s.l), Ashanet. 2004. 2p. Sourc accessed on 19 December 2004
* Village-level, community courts.

the capacity of organisations that nochana and Janodaya are two nonected for this study, besides the Family isionerate and the Police station at Tilak y. Also, voluntary/social workers from terviewed for this purpose. Services of counselling, sheltering, resettlement vomen seeking assistance. The research actices among service providers, within ommendations arising from of this study f victim care and access of information
broviders who can establish a standard locumentation to improvise a standard ms as well as for community intervention; the links between domestic violence, :hts principles, devising an appropriate
ice stations, domestic violence service chayats to communicate and to monitor intervention.
e violence against women in India. P... Schuman Centre. 1996. 18p. [Source — on 19 January 2003).
les involved in addressing the crime of he Indian history for the past 200 years, 2n addressed by various authorities - ocial reformers and the pre-independent dressed through attitudes of 'civilised ', and not in recognition of women's
Women, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. pe - http://WWW.ashanet.org/projects/;
.
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The institution is a pioneer in South rehabilitation, vocational training and particular those from poor, rural comi charity trust, the project leads to edu are the prime targets for gender-based institution also provides Support for the study grant comes only at the year-en ASHA for Education is a voluntary or to bring about social changes in the In projects with an education-related cor
371. Rehabilitation of sex workers :
2004.
The Supreme Court of India has is governments, on guidelines for the rehab after they were rescued. Based on a put by Prajwala, a non-governmental org bench, this benefits a large number of into the country for commercial sexua
372. Resolution endorsed by the Nati. 29-31 March 1998 organised Committee. P31-32. Namaskal
This resolution demands the de-stig Workers, and an end to the exploitatic machinery, in particular the police V. enumerates the demands made by the (DMSC) towards a lawful recognitio of violence against women Sex worke
373. Rights - India : Population con
2p. Source - http://www.umi 2003.
This is a critique of the effectiveness c which the family welfare programm reproductive health through client-cel contraceptive targets. The Voluntary

India aiming to provide initiatives to placement services for blind women, in munities. Funded by ASH a U.S. based cational support for blind women who violence, for their self-sustenance. The ir higher education, as their government i. ganisation focusing on basic education dian society and supports development mponent.
Notice issued. The Hindu. 29 February
sued notices to the central and State bilitation of victims of immoral trafficking olic interest litigation petition submitted anization, and passed by a three-judge women and children who are trafficked l exploitation.
onal Network of Sex Workers, Calcutta, " by the Durbar Mahila Saman waya
Vol.3, No. 1. November 1998.
gmatisation of the community of sex n and violence perpetrated by the state iolence on this community. The article Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee n of their human rights and prevention
S.
trol raises hackles. s.l.. 13 July 1999. acs.umd.edu, accessed on 15 January
f the government's population policy in e has secured additional resources for htered goals in place of method-specific Health Association of India (VHAI) has
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recommended a single package for planning, without any mass sterilisatio surgical Sterilisation of individuals. H draw in a human-centered population based poverty, heightening the risk of 1
374. Rose, Jenny. Zoroastrian divo York, Columbia University. 199
The approach to divorce in the Zoroa period of time with the laws subject reflect different exigencies at differen in the Parsi Marriage and Divorce ( community had to fall in line with the Bri legal reforms met within the Indian significant space' for women to seek desertion and forced prostitution.
375. Routh, Mitra... Sex workers mia Namaskar. Vol.3, No. 1. Novemb
This is a column dedicated to the p representing the solidarity of sex wi Coinciding with the International Wor sex workers in India.
376. Saathi. Training programmes in http://WWW, Saathi.org/; accesse
This web page highlights training prog organisations and NGOs on sex and se reproductive health of women. Naz information pertaining to HIV/AIDS ethics, much to the use of NGOs, CE personnel. Prakritia rehabilitation org programmes for Aravanies on sexual in local languages and English to be CBOS.
Eunuchs, tranvestites, bisexuals who p(

naternal and child health and family n campaigns that could lead to coerced owever, the country faces obstacles to olicy because of a widespread, gendernaternal mortality and unsafe abortion.
rce. 2p. Encyclopedia Iranica. New 7.
strian community has evolved over a 2d to alteration and modification that t times. The text highlights provisions Amendment) Act of 1988, where the tish legislative system. The Act concerns social structure, in order to provide divorce on grounds of bigamy, cruelty,
unight march on May Day eve. P. 28. er 1998.
rotest-march of DMSC in Calcutta, prkers in recognition of their rights. kers' Day this was the pioneer rally of
India. New Delhi. 2003. 4.p. (Source - i on 17 January 2004).
ammes conducted by various women's Xuality, HIV/AIDS awareness and the
Foundation (India) Trust provides - Sexual health, counselling, care and Os, media, legal, medical and police anisation based in Chennai has special ity and reproductive health conducted sed by voluntary workers, NGOs and
rtray themselves as women.
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18th National Five-day Work, for HIV/AIDS Control in India
The Indian Society for Health Admini on HIV/AIDS for voluntary organisatio resource managers. This workshop ain
377.
Update the clinical, epidemiolog Sensitise the participants to the n in India; Share action-oriented programme Involve the participants in awa prevent AIDS.
Sabala and Kranti. To Be or women's reproductive health. F capacities :Interventions in gende New Delhi, Sage Publications. 2
This paper explores the efforts of A: reproductive health care services for Various Socio-cultural barriers prevalen in partnership with community-based o in Andhra, Maharashtra and Gujar: programmes for women with the follo
Assist women to acknowledge th through self-help skills; Probe community, class and ca: the current medical system to den To challenge beliefs, practices anc and exploit women, in particula fertility; Encourage collective action and I Pressurize for state and social a right:Evolve a socialist/feminis healing systems. While highligh constraints faced, the paper lays training experiences.
37
18' National Workshop on "Updates, India', Bangalore, 19-23 August 2002.
l,

thop on "Updates and Action Plans '. P. 2-3. -
strators (ISHA) conducts a workshop ns, CBOs, health personnel and human S to:
ical and preventive aspects; hagnitude and implications of the issue
S that are implemented by other sectors; reness raising and safe practices to
Not to Be . A self-help experience in 45-66, notes; ref. Building women's er transformation. Ed. Rajani K.Murthy. 001.
smita a women’s NGO in promoting women, much neglected owing to the t in the rural and urban settings. Asmita rganisations and other women's NGOs at has conducted self-help training wing objectives:
eir potentials and improve their health
ste-based gender biases, use trends in hystify those myths around their bodies; l institutions through which men control r their emotions, sexuality, labour and
etworking for women's empowerment; ccountability on healthcare as a basic t perspective on women's health and ing the impact of the programme and emphasise on the lessons learned from
and Action Plans for HIV/AIDS Control in

Page 170
378. Sabhare, Seema. Laws of rap law: Contemporary problems. E Pubishing House Pvt Ltd. 1994
Illustrated with case studies, this pape in reported incidents of rape in the sta Law in India, the judgement provide punished as a result of the gender bia by the victim of rape. The cases are re NGO committed to support victims of suggestions are provided for legal a literacy for women and raising aware
379. Salem : The killing goes on. P8
This report reflects the continuation of sex ratio in parts of Tamil Nadu three Baby scheme by the State. The repor attitude is essential, to go hand-in-hand crimes.
380. Samya Shakti. Documents : T} struggle for amendment. P... s. Violence Against women.
In escalation of the dowry-related viol spouse and her conjugal family, this a the Act. Based on discussions held response in not amending the law, the various positions of the Act when de
381. Sandesh IndiaOnline. Crime 2002. 1 p. (Source - http://ww December 2002.
Set up by the Delhi Police in every dis take up cases related to gender viole Cell helps to resolve matrimoniai disp lengthy, complicated legal procedures non-governmental women's organisat for counselling, temporary shelters ar
1.

e in operation. P65-83. Women and l. Lotika Sarkar et al. New Delhi, Vikas
examines the degree of gender justice e of Maharashtra. Relating to the Rape | here shows that perpetrators are not s of the judiciary and the stigma faced ported by the Forum Against Rape, an rape and sexual abuse. In conclusion, ld police authorities, as well as legal less on gender crimes.
3. India Today. 30 September 1995.
female infanticide and a decline of the years after the launching of the Cradlet emphasises that a change of Societal with state action against gender-related
e Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 : The l, 1984. Source - ICES Archives on
2nce against women perpetrated by the rticle concerns the practical aspects of by women's associations on the state document provides a summary on the aling with dowry-based violence.
Against Women Cell. s.l. 2 August V. Sandesh.org/article; accessed on 3
trict, The Crime Against Women Cells ce, in particular domestic abuse. The tes so that women need not go through
This also networks with state bodies, ons and legal centres to refer victims d towards seeking legal assistance. A
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telephone help-line is established to dis long term counselling and referral Se particularly on HIV/AIDS, mental coordination with the Police Contro personnel handle calls related to mat abuse, sexual harassment and child geographical barriers of victim Supp inexpensive and causes less of an en women in distress.
382. Sanlaap. Country Report : Indi, Workshop on International M Chiangmai, 17-21 October 1994
This report addresses the laws that pro stipulated by the Indian Penal Code. P. quoted as the major causes of traffick prostitution and labour. The suggestio
O Training the security services at illegal migration across borders O Added support services for victi
The workshop aims at promoting loca all countries where trafficking is prev, included at the decision-making level i women and children.
383. Santhanam, Kousalya. Fighting
Women's Self-help groups (SHG) in where the practice of female infanticid among the men to accept the girl babie new-born girls for a few days, so that to the daughter. In this manner, many b of the “baby-killers” have turned socia
384. Santhanam, Kousalya. New lec
This news article is on the progress (SHGS), in particular, those in tribal co
l

seminate information, to provide short/ rvices on reproductive/ sexual health, health and Sexual rights. This is in | Room where trained women police rimonial disputes, molestation/sexual abuse. Reducing the physical and drt, the help-line is easily accessible, hbarrassment to a large population of
a. Appendix III, P. 13-14. International igration and Trafficking in Women,
secute sex workers and traffickers, as overty and lack of Social awareness are ing of women and children for forced ns to stop this practice are as follows:
Nepal and Bangladesh borders to stop
ཉ
ms rescued from traffickers.
al, national and international action in alent, and recommends that women be in planning to combat the trafficking of
for the girl. The Hindu. 15 August 2004.
Usilampatti of the District of Madurai e is prevalent are raising consciousness s. The groups take special gifts for the the parents have time to get attached aby girls have escaped death, and more l reformers protecting the girl child.
lse for life. The Hindu. 8 August 2004.
made by women's Self-Help Groups mmunities in Tamil Nadu, where many
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reforms have taken place. They are suc The SHGs have attracted commercial The Maithri Society of Theni District former-sex. Workers through micro-en their moral support to the Eunuchs with exploitation that they are constantly S
385. Sastry, Anil. 247 Commercial
15 June 2004.
Panaji Bench of the Bombay High C the shelters in the beach of Goa, occup Alternatively, the court has requested rehabilitate them with the collaboratio Crore for the project.
386. “Sati' case accused acquitted.
University Women's Association of agitation against widow-burning, in place in Rajasthan in 1987. Howe prosecution has failed to establish th place in the village of Deorala and th those accused.
387. Second phase of "sex worker Namaskar. Vol.3, No. 1. Noveml
An account of the proceedings of a 's Mahila Samanwaya Committee (DMSG of the rights of sex workers and the ni
388. Sen, Gita. India 's national p, New York, UNFPA. 4p. Source. accessed on 10 January 2003).
Women's health has becomes a top pri of India in recent times. According to
Sex Workers Conference, Calcutta, 14
l

cessful mainly as micro-creidt projects. sex workers to an alternate livelihood. has therefore, provided new lives for erprise development. They also pledge hin the community, to counter the sexual ubjected to.
sex workers leave Goa. The Hindu.
ourt has directed the state to demolish ied by sex workers for the past decades. he National Commission for Women to in of women's NGOs, setting aside Rs. 1
The Hindu. 1 February 2004.
Rajasthan was at the forefront of the particular the case of Sati which took ver, over a long period of time, the e "link between the incident that took e violation of Sati (Prevention) Act by
is struggle for unification". P. 24-26. ber 1998.
sex workers conference held by Durbar
), and their demands for the recognition etworking organisations.
opulation policy 2000 . A comment. - http://www.india-Seminar.com/2001/;
ority in the National Population Policy this article, the Government appointed
- 6 November 1997.
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an expert group to draft a national popu group submitted the "Swaminathan C change from a target-driven population pro-nature' strategy. Although, due to li in 1996 the State revised their policy to health services that received support organisations. This programme also pri health providers at state and district le which the policy could be implemented in its programmes, to address commut service providers. It recommends that develop a feed-back, programme qualit while preventing the use of unsafe c techniques
389. Sen, Gita. Population and dev provide the link?. 9p. Real Liv http://www.ippf.org/regions/; a
This article concerns the impact o' Population and Development (ICPD),
Programme of Action of ICPD a new women's reproductive rights and heal effective and functional primary /refe reproductive health as an integral par programme, the "language' has shi "targets' to women's health needs and new programme initiatives on issues ( unsafe abortion and maternal health Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) of donors, with a need-based approach This programme also draws in male in of family planning and maternal health based violence and violation of women equality in Women's access to resourc
390. Services for family counselling c
2001.
* UNInternational Conference on Popul
1.

lation policy before ICPD (1994). This 'ommittee Report' calling for radical policy to a "pro-women, pro-poor and mitations, this draft was not formalized, ) accommodate reproductive and child t from donors and community-based ovides incentives and disincentives for vels. This paper highlights the ways in l to promote gender equality and equity hity needs and to build the capacity of this new initiative should be applied to y assurance and organisational learning, ontraception and Surgical sterilisation
elopment in South Asia : Did ICPD es. Issue. 6. February 2001. [Source — ccessed on January 2002).
f the 'International Conference on in particular India. Stemming from the framework on healthcare concerning th was developed, to work towards an ral healthcare system with sexual and t. As for the national family planning fted from demographic control and human rights. The ICPD has catalysed pf Reproductive Tract Infection (RTI), . A large umbrella group named the programme is being funded by a range rather than "targets' in family planning. volvement and support to women's use services, and the prevention of genderS human rights, while supporting gender
CS.
entres lauded. The Hindu. 1 September
ation and Development (ICPD), Cairo, 1994.
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The Central Social Welfare Board h centres in the Union territory of Pondi aim to address gender-based violenc centres specifically deal with women v abuse and Violence perpetrated by inVictims of alcoholism, desertion by provided with legal aid to file court c
391. Sex Determination Test banned
This is a news item concerning the p reveal the sex of the foetus - amnic response to the increase of female fo would lead to the abortion of the girl-c sex ratio in society. Educational schol government so as to ease the burden girls from poor families.
392. Sex workers to combat traffickii
2001.
Sex workers from all parts of the col network to prevent trafficking of wom sex and other crimes. The meeting wa Samity including exhibitions and sen into commercial sex. With a member Samity is at the forefront of a movem
393. Sharma, Kalpana. Indian won 29 July 2002. 3p. Source - http:/
This is a report on informal courts he victims of gender violence. This system that formal courts were inaccessible f hear cases of intimidated women in pc Mediated and adjudicated on behalf of barely literate but aware of the law, its cases on domestic violence, divorce/ extortion, mistreatment of widows an abandoning of married women, this
1:

ls extended support to social welfare herry where family counselling centres 2 and related issues. The counselling ctims of dowry-related violence, spouse
WS.
spouse and widow maltreatment are SCS.
The Hindu. 16 August 1997.
rohibition of medical practices which centesis and scanning technology. In ticide, a sex determination procedure hild, which has a serious impact on the arships are to be provided by the state on brining up daughters, in particular,
ig. 1p. London, BBC News. 6 March
Jntry gathered in Calcutta to set up a 2n by trafficking gangs for commercial s hosted by Durbar Mahilla Sammanoy hinars on the plight of women forced ship of nearly 5000 sex workers, the nt to legalise the trade.
len pioneers in formal justice courts. /www.saw net.org; 17 December 2002).
ld by rural women to seek redress for was developed when the women found Dr them, costly and often unwilling to Verty. -
women, the court officers are women, implications and limitations. Handling maintenance, sexual violence, dowry d divorcees, property inheritance and institution stemmed from a Mahila

Page 175
Samakhya Programme that aims at W set their own agenda. Under this progra to handle caste-based offences Such members of privileged castes. Later,
the formation of a legal committee. courts first started in Gujarat and ar country, especially in the states of Utta that gender justice could be achieved
394. Sharma, Kalpana. Woman con
Hindu. 29 April 2004.
A woman employee from a private ent of the media and women's organisatior maltreatment and threat to torture' at 'deaf ear when she tried to register a complaint to the National Commissic company terminated her services. V establishment on this issue and the em within their 'existing complaint syste
395. Shah, Anuradha. Fortifying
22 September 1998.
This news item relates the efforts of Sv committed to rehabilitate the commu with its numerous Volunteers, conduc children of sex workers in Bombay. Th children, in particular the girl child to sex work. Supported by the Indian Municipal Corporation of Mumba1 pr
396. Shah Bano : Muslim women's
— http://www.columbia, edu; ac
The Supreme Court of India has gran with 5 children who appealed for main Shah Bano, following her divorce in period of 3 months that she was entit her appeal, the court used Article 12.

omen's empowerment by letting them mme Dalit women were trained initially, is rape and destruction of property by more specific issues were drawn in by Known as "Nari Adalat, the women's 2 now spreading to other parts of the r Pradesh and Karnataka demonstrating outside the formal judicial system.
plains of harassment at workspot. The
erprise has gone public with the support is to Seek redress for Sexual harassment, her workplace. The police had turned a complaint and Subsequently she made a on for Women (NCW) upon which the Women's groups have pressurised the ployer has agreed to conduct an inquiry
2IՈ.
against exploitation. Indian Express.
wadhara non-governmental organisation inity of sex workers. The organisation is short-term alternate study classes for is informal educational project involves be exposed to "alternatives' other than Health Organisation and UNICEF, the ovides the space for the classes.
ights. 3p. 14 September 2000. Source essed January 2002).
edgender justice to a divorced woman enance through the Indian court system.
1978, was granted the alimony for a ed under the Muslim Personal Law. On of the Criminal Code and granted her
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ongoing maintenance. The court decis personal law but demanded a unifor Women's Programme, with member memorandum and organised demonstr But, Muslim women graduates of Bor community have favoured the Muslir personal law. To end, religious and it activists has weakened the political f
397. Shakti Shalini. Ten years of suc - ICES Archives on Violence A
An activity profile of Shakti Shalini, a crisis intervention for women and ch violence. This pamphlet looks into th women and child victims of domesti battering, violence by in-laws, dowry spouse. The organisation specifically related violence and their ability to counselling, shelter homes and their an Ո€2ՏԱՐՇS.
398. Shenoy, Anita. Interpretation o Act, 1994. P66-67. Female foet Level Consultation, Chennai, 2et al. Madurai, Society for Integ
The purpose of this act is to prevent foetus, in preference to sons. The Act
procedures are permitted to detect functioning, congenital abnormalities Under the Act, all health clinics that di and amniocenteses are registered for t if they are used for any other purpos female foetus then the Act is violated.
399. Shukla, Srawan. Muslim Board
of India. 29 June 2004.
Religious laws under which Muslim wo divorce, have now been amended to g Quazi for separation against the
1(

on has not only overruled the religious civil code for all women. The Joint from all communities, has issued a tions in Support of a uniform civil code. bay and certain sections of the Islamic Women's Bill, which falls within the eological differences between women rce of their demands.
cess and strife : 1986-99. 13p. Source gainst Women.
women's NGO that provides services of ldren victimised as a result of family e activities of the NGO that supports abuse, in particular, victims of wife -related violence and desertion by the focuses on women victims of dowry
gain access to legal assistance and wareness on the availability of security
f the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques icide in Tamil Nadu : Report of the State 3 December 1998. Ed. Sabu M.George rated Rural Development (SIRD).
sex selective abortion of the female states that pre-natal diagnostic tests or genetic disorders, metabolic malor sex linked diseases in the foetus. ploy techniques of ultra-Sonogramme he purpose of their regulative use, and e such as medical termination of the
to divorce “Triple Talaq”. The Times
men had restricted rights for marriage/ ve them equal rights to approach the pouse. The Muslim Board further
)

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recommends an increase in the “Meh marriage, so that chances for a divorc
400. Singh, Jyotsna. Move to stop
BBC News. 14 May 2002.
The National Commission for Wor campaign to advocate the prevention
in the State of Rajasthan. The campai voluntary organisations and NGOs t particularly the rural poor, on the ill-e
401. Sivaraman, Mythili. Rising awan
This article documents a social campa All India Democratic Women's Associ of the Dalits, where women are doubl: and caste while facing gender-related communities. Conventions were orga incidence of discrimination faced by th This campaign gives voice to a peo generations through a denial of rec systematic gender/caste violence perp
402. South Asia - Forums. Domestic (Source - http://www.hsph.harv
The document refers to two sets of sta crimes from 1990 to 1997, by the poli percentage of cases pending on crime family violence, dowry-related violen
403. South Asia Human Rights Do Battery : Violence against wo Direction. New Delhi, Tata Mac
This is a guide book on human rights at high schools. The manual aims to

r' (Alimony), decided at the time of : are minimised.
inauan child marriage. Ip. London,
hen (NCW) conducted a week-long of child marriage, a practice prevalent gn mobilised district officials, several o raise awareness among the public, ffects of the issue.
eness. P96-97. Frontline. 16 July 1999.
ign held by the Tamil Nadu Unit of the ation (AIDWA) against discrimination y marginalized in terms of their gender atrocities in the hands of the privileged nised at district-level to catalogue the he community, in particular the Women. ple's psyche that remains scarred for ognition in the caste hierarchy and etrated upon them.
Violence : Statistics. 3p. 8 August 2001 ard.edu, accessed on 22 January 2003,
tistics on the disposal of gender-based ce and the courts. The tables reveal the S of Sexual assault, sexual harassment, e, trafficking and abduction of women.
umentation Centre (SAHRDC). Wife men. P209-233. A Step in the Rights Graw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. 2000.
or teachers/educators teaching students eighten awareness on the ful damental
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concepts of human rights, with lessor responsibility and justice. Concerning rights, the lesson plan relates to gro questions on the issue, awareness of th battery, understanding the complexity recognition of the shortcomings of the is taken seriously by law enforcers an educator, the lesson involves role-pla improve the situation for battered wiv
404. South Asia Partners Internati 48 Commercial Sexual Exploite South Asia - India 2001. Colom
The legal system of India addresses i. procuring of minor girls for prostitutio The Penal Code enacts a number of law the Juvenile Justice Court, Police and However, the law is poorly enforced, d at the level of the enforcers. Several have raised these issues and filed publ Court. The court has alerted the police for not acting against the offence of tr Police-NGO alliance has conducted r procurement of minor girls into sex w
After Stockholm : Respon.
The National Commission for Women and child victims of prostitution, NG( the process of protecting and rehabil this context, a special unit is being esta to deal with the issue of trafficking v Development Authority has established to provide services to the children of se of the Girl Child. The report related to v the Devadasi women - encouraging self through a credit scheme, offering sk handicrafts, helping to market their pro education, health care and residentia action to combattrafficking and comme by the Government of India, involving

S designed to foster a sense of inquiry, domestic abuse as a violation of human p activity in the class room - raising elegal provisions that criminalise wife of the crime not being reported and on law where only dowry-related violence l the courts. Annexed with notes to the , leading to the exploration of ways to CS.
onal SAP-I). Legal measures. P. 43tion of Children (CSCE) : A review of bo. December 2001.
ssues of sexual exploitation of and the l, slave-labour and unnatural offences. s on the above crimes, enforced through Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). ue to lack of seriousness and corruption Women's groups and Women Victims ic interest litigations at the Delhi High and the Delhi Commission for Women afficking of women. Subsequently, the aids and rescue operations against the ork. -
es to CSCE. P49-55.
(NCW) for the rehabilitation of women Ds and juvenile homes are involved in tating Women victims of violence. In olished by the Ministry of Home Affairs 'omen and girls. The Integrated Child Aanganwadi Centres in 'red light' areas X workers, to mark the SAARC Decade rious state-level schemes to rehabilitate -help groups to set up micro-enterprises Il training in handloom weaving and ducts. The schemes also provide moral
schools for their children. A plan of cial exploitation of women is formulated NGOs, state authorities, the media and
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various judicial instruments. This has i sexual exploitation and its preventive strategically evaluated.
405. Special Cell for Women and Cl
Sciences. Shades of Courage : 498 A. Mumbai, Akshan Publi
Based on studies undertaken by stude Women & Children, this booklet conce with police authority, women victims, concerning violence against Women.
Code and Sections of the Criminal Pro data from cases of gender violence - and their abusers, types of complaint information proves valuable to activ human rights organisations and the po violence, specifically that of domestic
406. Srinivas, Shefali. Low-caste w 17 August 2001. Source - h accessed on 25 September 2004
This news report addresses the viole castes in India, particularly perpetrate the case of Bhanwari Devi, a Dalit soc of the privileged castes for preventin did not serve a penalty on the perpetr of women's groups at the United Na Durban, demanding that caste discrimi when drafting conventions against gel of gender-related violence.
407. Statewide campaign against vic
Representatives from non-governm statewide campaign against gende November as the day to stop all form the groups took to different types of p chain, cultural shows, poster campai

dentified factors leading to the crime of measures and loop-holes are being
hildren and Tata Institute for Social Women and Indian Penal Code Section cations. 1999. 69p.: append.; tables.
nts and workers of the Special Cell for rns the field experience of the workers their families and the legal procedures Exploring Section 489 A of the Penal cedure, the volume provides empirical nature of violence, profiles of victims s and court procedures involved. This ists, legal personnel Women's groups, lice, in handling cases of gender related
and family abuse.
omen to protest at UN Racism Meeting. tp://WWW, now. Org/eNew Slaug2001/.;
nce faced by women of the oppressed d by men of 'upper castes'. It relates to ial worker who was gang-raped by men g child marriage. However, the courts ators. This has lead to a demonstration tions Anti-Racism Conference held in nation be considered on par with racism nder discrimination and the elimination
lence. The Hindu. 29 November 2004.
ental/voluntary organizations held a r-oriented violence. Observing 25th s of Violence against Women and girls, rotests - public demonstrations, human gns etc. Women's Movement Against
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Poverty a local NGO took a cultural gender myths/stereotypes as perpetrat create awareness on the issue. A huma Against Violence on Women and the slogans calling for an end to violenc working with underprivileged wo communities, disabled and those livi campaign until 9th December.
408. Statement by Women's Voice an : Presented by Ruth Manorama +5, s.l., on 28 October 1999. accessed Janauray 2005.
This statement calls for the recognitic basis of caste, class and gender, and a perpetrated by State and non-state acto urges the Assembly to acknowledge the of oppressed castes and create effectio the violation of their human rights in k equality and human dignity set out by
409. Strategies for handling sexual
S. l. Source -http://www.indi: 2002.
A list of strategies to break the cycle code of conduct of any work environm Various situations. An important aspe the problem boldly and not ignore gest would go way with time'.
410. Subramani, A. Life term confi
22 August 2003.
The High Court of Madras has passed Spouse of late Ms. Vanitha, a victim of While sentencing the mother-in-law
payment of a fine, the Division Bench
l

troupe across the State on a display on ed by the market economy, in order to n chain was organized by the Campaign Girl Child, together with banners and 2 against women. Women's Collective men belonging to Dalit and tribal ng with HIV/AIDS continued with the
d National Federation of Dalit Women .ESCAP High-Level Meeting for Bejing
2p. (Source - http://www.aw orc.org/ ;
)n of Dalit Women, as alienated on the S prime targets of community violence rs. The President of the women’s NGO : concerns and aspirations of the women ve policies and programmes to counter ceeping with the commitment to gender
the Beijing Platform for Action.
harassment. 2p. Sexual harassment. atogether. Org; accessed on 25 January
of sexual harassment falling within the 2nt, these strategies could be used under ct stressed here is that one should face Jres of sexual harassment, hoping that it
rmed in dowry death case. The Hindu.
a sentence of life imprisonment for the dowry-violence, instigating to suicide. to a penalty of 8 years of RI and the of the High Court calls upon the State
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to enact suitable legislation to provide independence to women to prevent th related abuse and family violence.
411. Suganya, Celine. Where homes a with victims of domestic violenc Manu Shi. ISSue. i 0. 999.
An interview with Celine Suganya a women's NGO in Bangalore committe family violence. Vimochana provides them to file direct legal action against services for their families.
412. Suicide of Advocate Sangeetha S 2p. Source - http://www.pucl.org/
The PUCL (People's Union for Civil L writ petition on the suicide of Ms. Sang Court, who took her life, after she was The Union has organised an “Open Hou prevalence of Sexual harassment of W superiors. They have demanded that th Central Bureau of Investigations, the Government take immediate steps to c of sexual harassment in all the courts,
413. Sunder Rajan, Rajeswari. Th agency, sexuality and work. P 12 domains : Interdisciplinary essay Kapur. New Delhi, Kali for Wor
Drawing in the present set of laws rel Suggests recommendations to amend t (PITA) of 1985. This paper is an atte existing laws and proposes legal refor Accordingly, the prostitution legislatio. but in recognition of their work, the a well-being.
(

compulsory education and economic em from being vulnerable to dowry
retorture chambers: Vinochana's work ce. Interview by Madhu Kishwar. P...
n activist working for Vimochana, a 'd to resolve the issue of domestic and free legal aid to the victims enabling the perpetrators, as well as counselling
I(Irna . PUCL Bulletin. October 2002. eports/, accessed on 26 June 2005.
liberties) in Andhra Pradesh has filed a eetha Sharma, an Advocate of the High Sexually harassed by a Senior lawyer. ise protest condemning the widespread 1omen lawyers by their collegeus and e case of Ms. Sharma be handled by the perpetrator be punished and the State 2stablish committees to handle reports
public and private workplaces.
te prostitution question(s): (Female) 2-143, notes. Feminist terrains in legal S on Women and law in India. Ed. Ratna ren. 1996.
ating to seX work in India, this article he Prohibition of Immoral Traffic Act :mpt to identify the limitations of the ms relating to the issue of prostitution. in should not view them as commodities mendment concerning their health and
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414. Sunder Rajan, Rajeswari. T institutional protection in conten Conference on Violence Agair Colombo, 28-31 March 1992
This paper is an evaluation of the sta penal and penal institutions. The pa performed on mentally handicapped w on the inmates of a state-run institutic "...maintain female hygiene during men and Sexual abuse'. A State inquiry W. made by Women's groups against vio women. This paper explores the Indi Health Act (1987) in the light of th health and reproductive rights. The pap rights of women plisoners/detainees, for law enforcers.
415. Supreme Court judgement on S Source - http://www.saw net.or
A briefing on the judgement made by of sexual harassment at the workplace on the issues of Workplace abuse again guidelines on the definition of gendersteps to such harassment, complaint p provisions to create awareness of the
416. Talukdar, Sushanta. Manipu
17-24 September 2004.
Manipuri Women Staged a demonstrati killing of Ms. Thangam Manorama by their clothes as an extreme measure of and molestation of women in Manipu the All Manipur Women's Social Pro demonstrators demanded safety for W( the Armed Forces (Special Powers) insurgency in the State of Assam.
Visakha vs. State of Rajasthan and Oth
1.

he scandal of the state : Women and porary India. 30p.; notes. ICES/SSRC st Women : Victims and ideologies.
te wel fare provided to women in nonper relates to the mass hysterectomy omen - Surgical sterilisation performed n for the mentally retarded, in order to struation, prevent unwanted pregnancies as called upon, in response to protests lation of fundamental human rights of an Lunacy Act (1912) and the Mental le personal laws relating to women's )er also concerns the violation of human and the levels of authority prescribed
exual harassment. s.l. August 1999. g; accessed on 18 January 2002).
the Supreme Court of India on a 'case for women workers has initiated debate st Women. This judgement has provided based workplace harassment, preventive rocedure, disciplinary action and other offence in workplaces.
Ir's Protest. P..... Frontline. August
on against the alleged torture, rape and paramilitary forces. The protestors shed protest against the extra-judicial killings r, which have gone unheeded. Led by motion and Development Samaj, the Dmen in Manipur and the withdrawal of Act implemented, in order to suppress
Iers, August 1997.
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417. Talwar, Anuradha. The Shal
response to domestic violence. response to domestic violence Washington D.C., International C 2002. 75p.: tables; annex.; ref. () Strategies Promoting Dialogue N
This volume highlights the women-in independent of any wider national str; violence among the rural women. Shral women’s organisation that stemmed fr in West Bengal where a large proportic domestic violence among them has er organises Shalishis, a dispute resolutic Giving priority to women's voices, th family and neighbours from the village the mechanism is that the community
monitoring of the resolution agreed up
418. Tamil Nadu Women's Forum.
Chennai on 08.01.99. Chennai
This is a state-level public hearing c violence perpetrated against women o comprising women's organisations, C. with a panel of jurists, listened to the h of the Dalit women from the various hearing has led to the effective expo women of oppressed castes perpetrat state at large, while calling for interv legal authorities to initiate appropriate : also urges the Dalit women to organis gender atrocities and demand reparati
419. Tamil Nadu Women's Forum. Chennai. 27 August 1997. Unp VAW].
Oppressed communities in 5 villages 'upper castes and the police, with ti
abuse. This report submitted to the

ishi in West Bengal . A community P. 14-31. Women initiated community
: Summary report of three studies. entre for Research on Women (ICRW). Domestic Violence in India: Exploring No.5).
tiated dispute resolution mechanisms, ategy, to resolve the issue of domestic majibee Mahila Samity (SMS) is a rural om the Union of Agricultural Workers in of members are women. The issue of merged as a significant issue and SMS n mechanism to handle the problem. e intervention involves the disputant's concerned. Another distinct feature of participates in the implementation and bon by the Shalishis.
Public hearing with Dalit woman at |. P...; plates. 1999.
n the community, state and custodial f oppressed communities. An audience BOs and human rights activists, along orrendous experience of gender abuses districts of Tamil Nadu. This public sure of the forms of violence against ed by privileged communities and the ention from the law enforcement and |ction to prevent such crimes. The forum se themselves into a movement against Dn for the victim/survivor.
Women's Fact Finding Team . Report. ublished. Source - ICES Archives on
of Tamil Nadu have been targeted by heir women subjected to gender-based Jnited Nations Special Rapporteur on
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Violence Against Women is based on mission Cf Women activists and volunt rural Dalits, in particular the women, a through the U.N.
420. TN Assembly passes Bill ag
28 November 1998.
The State Assembly of Tamil Nadu ha eve-teasing, a much prevalent form The Bill envisages a penalty of lyea fine. Meanwhile, a Public Interest Liti Ministry for Information & Broadcasti that justify eve-teasing, instigating tl notorious offence.
421. Tara : Ashraya Women's Centre. 2003. Source - http://www.nric 2004.
Ashraya meaning shelter' is a women serve abused women with children, en Women's Centre of Ashraya is equip and abused Women and their children, free legal aid, vocational training and by state grants as well as internati motivating those victimised by gende
422. Thapa, Vijay Jung. Sathin Ma India Today. 30 September 199:
This article is a critique on the curre agenda where the volunteers are fig the state social service with regular ben the current status of Sathin a grass-ro challenging gender bias and working empowerment. Though the movement Voluntary workers are not compensate community level on reproductive healt Schemes for rural Savings/credit, hous
WOT€.

information gathered by a fact-finding ary workers on violence perpetrated on ind calls for action at international level
ainst eve-te asing. Indian Expre SS.
s unanimously passed a Bill prohibiting of Sexual harassment within the state. r of rigorous imprisonment and a cash gation has been filed against the Union ng to censor those Tamil films and songs he adolescent males to indulge in this
P2. Ashraya: Activities. Bangalore). l.com/ashraya/, accessed on 19 January
l's Voluntary organisation committed to couraging them to be together. The Tara ped with residential units for battered with provision of counselling services, ob-placement. The centre is maintained onal agencies and private charities, r violence to reintegrate into society.
ovement : Losing their livlihood. P81.
).
nt status of the movement in the state hting a case that they be absorbed into efits and securities. This article explores lot movement in the state of Rajasthan towards women's social awareness and S a great Success in the state, the women d adequately to continue their work at h care, family planning and building up ing and agricultural inputs for the rural
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423. Tata Institute of Social
Commissionarate. Because the of the work of the Special Cell Mumbai. ix, 208 p.; annex.
This is a document based on intervent in particular family abuse faced by ad and those who belong to oppressed ca It relates to the efforts of the Bombay has set up an additional desk to a fu effective services to victims. Hence thi make available professional help to wo violence. While reviewing agency rec aspects of family violence, the docum police officers, social workers, wome with interviews conducted with social v personnel belonging to social welfare in leads to a review of the:
O Categories of cases registered
Children; 0 Nature and types of police inter o Problems faced by the police an o Guidelines for social workers/st
424. Tewari, Sudha. Abortion . A p. Seminar. No.532. December 20t
Abortion, though legalised for the past morbidity/mortality, as women seek access to safe services. This article co Seva Sanstha, a NGO working in 21
women, health care providers, media p them on the legality and safety issues clinics of the Sanstha provide confider abortion services on a walk-in-out-pat maternal morbidity/mortality. Post-a provided to help the women to avoid
services such as pre/post-natal care, Sci infertility treatment and immunisati organisation. Establishment of Ma

Sciences and Bombay Police
Personal is Political : A documentation or Women and Children : 1984-1994.
ions to counter gender-based violence, Jlt women, the girl child, aged women stes, tribes and minority communities. Police, which, besides their services ll-time trained social worker to offer 2 rationale behind the Special Cell is to men and children inflicted with family ords, the volume highlights the various nent relates to the efforts made by the h's NGOs and activists. Complimented workers, police officers, victims/clients, nstitutions and women's NGO this study
at the Special Cell for Women and
ventions; d social workers in handling the cases; udents.
provider's perspective. P61-64, notes. )3.
3 decades is a major cause of maternal o end unwanted pregnancies but lack ncerns the advocacy efforts of Parivar States of the country, lobbying among ersonnel and policy makers - to educate pertaining to abortion. The model MTP tial, compassionate, simple and quality ient basis that reduces the incidence of bortion family planning services are the need for repeated abortions. Other 'eening for reproductive tract infections, on are added to the activities of the rie Stopes clinics that specialise in
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techniques for safe abortion, is yet anc services in cities and towns. Parivar and awareness raising programmes C “exclusive clinics for men as partners
425. "Two-child norm discrimina,
15 September 2004.
Women's organisations including the Al (AIDWA) and the Group for Women : the proposed national population policy this policy violates the rights of women against the poor and disadvantaged com to the framework of incentives/disinci planning, the policy adds to gender bi selective abortion and female infantici
426. “Two-child norm will not be im
The Union Ministry of Health has ass norm would not be imposed, as i fundamental/reproductive rights. In r rejecting the proposed policy of twowould be implemented on a stabilisati which coercively targets the poor V noteworthy, that the family planning p a large proportion of cases on tubectom on vasectomy. In this context, the V (VHAI) has called for gender equalit incidence of forced abortion for under Surgical menopause.
427. Trafficking Act discriminates The Hindu. 14 June 2004.
A public interest litigation petitition fil two key provisions of the Immoral T gender discriminatory, that the prescril than that for men. Accordingly, most including rescue, raid and rehabilitati

)ther initiative to provide safe abortion Seva also conducts research, training n reproductive health, while running
in reproductive health care.
tes against the poor". The Hindu.
India Democratic Women's Association und Health have raised protests against based on a 'two-child norm. Evidently, and leads to serve as a coercive measure hmunities. While causing severe damage 2ntives to promote health-based family as and encourages the practice of sexde.
posed'. The Hindu. 13 October 2004.
ured the public that that the “two-child t would amount to the violation of esponse to the protest made by NCW child norm, the population programme on basis, and not as population control, women on a caste/culture basis. It is programmes in rural settings implement ly, as opposed to a very Small percentage soluntary Health Association of India y in health care, Stressing on the high privileged women, which often leads to
against women . Petition in court.
2d in the Chennai High Court challenges rafficking (Prevention) Act of 1956 as ped penalty for women is more stringent anti-trafficking provisions in the law, om ultimately criminalise the victim of
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trafficking with minimal impact on th network. In the rescue operation conc distinguish between minors and adult The petitioner is Just Trust Programm (8) dealing with the punishment for sol that calls for a mandatory medical ex ascertain whether they suffer from sex
428. Tripathi, Purnima S. Rehabi
11 April 2003.
This article highlights the failure of su legislation to protect victims of rape. I for Women (DCW) that is require rehabilitation of rape victims is ill-eq training, emphasising the need of a com mechanism as felt by women's NGOs Victims of Atrocities (Rehabilitation) provide state-supported rehabilitation vocational education, financial assista integration. As part of the penalty, the penalty towards the rehabilitation and
429. USAID, USAID Activities in T. 2001. 2p. Source - http://www.u
A comment on the Second National Fan during 1998-99. The survey has shed li to the health status of married women in of fertility and maternal/child health h their reproductive freedom and nutrit International Institute for Population Sc 2 with a Supplementary fund for mal also provided financial backing for th (APAC) launched in Tamil Nadu wh workers and truck drivers are target gi transmission of HIV, providing the nec phase of the National Prevention of H
O Medical care and sexual healthe sex workers through the Socie Training (SDRT) in Pondicherry
1.

e traffickers and those involved in the lucted by the police, the Act does not s, voluntary and coerced sex workers. le a local NGO that highlights Section iciting and seducing, and Section 15(5) amination of rescued sex workers to {ually transmitted diseases.
'itation concerns. P85-86. Frontline.
Ipport mechanisms and comprehensive t pin-points that the Delhi Commission d to coordinate with NGOs in the uipped in terms of resources and staff orehensive state-supported rehabilitation and human rights activists. The Women Bill of 19th July 2002 seeks a law to for victims of sexual violence through nce and other means for their social rerapist should be made to pay a heavy welfare of his victim.
amil Nadu. New Delhi. 25 September Said.gov; accessed on 19 January 2002).
hily Health Survey (NFHS-2) conducted ght on several important factors relating rural and urban settings. Key indicators have provided valuable information on ional status. USAID together with the ciences (IIPS) has supported the NFHSernal/child nutrition. The agency has e AIDS Prevention & Control Project ere commercial sex workers, factory oups. APAC aims to reduce the sexual essary expertise to develop the second IV. The support renders:
:ducation and psychological support to ty for Development of Resource and
f
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o Counselling and support for HIVa community-based NGO named Society) in Chennai to provide counselling for their family me capacity of caregivers at commu
430. UNAIDS. Examples of Projects : XIV International Conference on A
- http://WWW. u naidS. Org/; access
This website provides information o mobilising the local community to ac many national governments face ecor prevention programmes, the burden ( communities which are in a better posit victims. Women's Network of the Tam with HIV attempt to sensitise the coi other issues attached to AIDS patients. the Tamil Nadu Aravanigal Associati sexual minorities living with AIDS, do sexuality and HIV infection. The we Advocacy on Rights of Sex Workers workers collectives in Pondicherry, w the automobile drivers, tourists and se local authorities and community lea resources to identify the causes and co victim Support through community int
431. United Nations Economic an
the Pacific. India : Violence women's rights as human right (Studies on Women in Developn
This report concerns the various form and the legal provision for such offe (including wife abuse), dowry related V (Sati) female foeticide/infanticide, ch sterilisation and abortion, coerced pro rape and sexual harassment are dealt Code. Yet, the validity of these laws in prosecuting the offenders is at stake.

affected mothers, implemented through CHES (Community Health Education nome-based care for the HIV-affected, mbers and training to strengthen the inity level.
: Chennai. P... UNA DS at Barcelona AIDS, Barcelona, 7-12 July 2002. [Source sed on 23 August 2003.
n NGOs, particularly in Tamil Nadu, t against the spread of HIV/AIDS. As nomic and social constraints on AIDS of the disease has fallen on the local ion to understand the problems of AIDS il Nadu and Network of People Living mmunity to cope with the stigma and Among the trans-gendered community, On works as a Support group towards bubly marginalized as a result of transb page also related to the Forum for a national network of NGOs and sex jorking on AIDS prevention targeting X workers. The network sensitises the ders to gain the necessary Skills and nsequences of HIV/AIDS and to offer ervention.
d Social Commission for Asia and against women. P90-100. Promoting ts. New York, United Nations. 1999. ment — 2).
ls of violence against women in India nces. Problems of domestic violence iolence and murder, widow immolation ild sexual abuse, incest, forced sexual stitution, temple slavery (Devadasis), with various Acts of the Indian Penal terms of providing for the victims and
This paper analyses the failures and
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limitations of the respective Acts in observed in case reporting, investiga disadvantage of the Women victims.
432. United Nations. Economic and Pacific. Reproductive rights. P. Women in the Asian and Pacific Women in Development - 1).
Many countries in South Asia, despite health from illegal and unsafe aborti abortion. South Asian abortion-rela Criminal Law, which assume that w parental responsibility for their childr only country in the region that permits and health grounds. Although more libe law has lead to gender discrimination
foetus. Legislative response to the Pren & Prevention of Misuse) Act of 1994
in detecting the sex of the foetus. This policy against female foeticide, restrict:
433. United Nations Population
Infrastructure development. P6 Cario Consensus at Ten : Popula effort to end poverty. New York.
In Rajasthan, 83 emergency obstetric c. 13 million women in childbirth. Supp are trained to provide emergency ob Management information systems are and evaluation of services, as well as on the issue of safe motherhood. This ef treated for obstetric complications, by by the reduction in maternal mortali implemented in other states that have
434. University of Delhi. Policy or (D) : Prohibition of and punis 2004. 14p.; ill.; append.

relation to the socio-cultural attitudes ation and prosecution that are to the
Social Commission for Asia and the 36-39. Human rights and legal status of Region. New York. 1997. (Studies on
the fact that women face death and illon practices adopt a rigid attitude to ted laws are based on early English 'omen should shoulder the exclusive en as natural guardians'. India is the free’ abortion under socio-economic ral than most of South Asia, the abortion due to sex selective abortion of female atal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation bars the usage of pre-natal techniques legislation, while justifying the public Sa woman's right to control her fertility.
Fund (UNFPA). Maternal Health:
1. State of world population 2004: The
tion, reproductive health and the global
2004.
are units were upgraded to serve around orted by UNFPA, health professionals Stetric care and infection prevention. introduced to improve the monitoring media programmes to raise awareness fort has increased the number of women 7 50% in the past 4 years, as indicated ty/morbidity. This programme is now a high record of maternal deaths.
Sexual Harassment : Ordinance XV hment for sexual harassment. Delhi.
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This document is a commitment by a environment free of gender violence, ha through a policy that recognises sexua as an act of power and public viola transgression. Based on the right for a for all, the policy has evolved mechanis of accessibility and confidentiality. Th of the proposed policy applicable W accountable and representative proced
435. Usha Multipurpose Co-opera operative. Calcutta. 19... Sourc Women.
This brochure relates the structure and operative society in Asia, catering to workers and their families. Registere Societies Act, the organisation is an it identity. While promoting the social w the Society conducts programmes on S Intervention and health Services.
436. V-day India 2004 : Celebrating
Violence resources. s.l., 7 June accessed on 20 December 2004.
A delegation of leadership, vision, art a travelled to various parts of India during on South Asian women's activism ag along with Women's organizations, such shelter homes for women victims of vi groups combating gender-based viole Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Inc analyse how women/feminists have fa the issue on communalism, fundamenta nation-wide campaign was conducte comprising stories, interviews and me
“Confronting Violence :Recounting March 2004.

un educational institution to create an rassment, exploitation and intimidation harassment as not a mere offence, but Lion often dismissed as interpersonal safe education and work environment ms for complaints on Sexual harassment, is report deals with various dimensions ithin a social context to ensure fair, lures for redressal and resolution.
tive Society Ltd. Sex workers' coe - ICES Archives on Violence Against
functions of the first sex workers' cothe social and economic needs of the i under the West Bengal Co-operative nitiative to the struggle for their social elfare of the workers and their families, ocial marketing of condoms, STD/HIV
the Indian women warrior. 2p. V-Day : 2004. Source - http://www.vday.org/,
ind activism on violence against women March 2004, to celebrate and campaign ainst gender violence. The delegation as SNEHA, SANGATand Jagori visited olence and held discussions with action ence. Activists from India, Sri Lanka, dia attended a “conference aiming to ced gender violence, and the impact of lism, globalisation, and privatisation. A d through print and electronic media, ssages to end violence against women.
Resistance, Envisioning Justice', Delhi,
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437. Velu, Rajam. Positive Hotline. P4.
This article outlines services in respons patients within the community of sex Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committe members are supported by means C assistance. At community level the pri social support to the affected women
438. Venkatesan, V. Survivors' strug
Women activists of the Bhopal Gas Peec have gone on a fast-cum-protest bringi of the gas leak tragedy in 1984. The Su to the Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilis to localities in the city classified a questioning the mode of compensation the activists demand that the contami cleaned up to minimise the health haz constructed plant.
439. Verma, Babita. Legislation an Interview with Ms. Alice Jaco Kali's Yug. Vol. II, Issue. 1. Mari
This is an interview with a member C the Special Provision Act for the Pro safeguards for women detainees undel the medical examination of rape Vi interviewee stresses that legal perso approach when dealing with cases. In and the importance of gender jus recommendations given by Various W amending the laws against rape.
440. Victims of "honour killings 'recc
The All India Democratic Women's As where women victims of a deep-roo
' Convention Against Honour Killings/
l

Namaskar. Vol.2, No.2. August 1997.
e to the problems faced by HIV-positive workers in Calcutta. Introduced by the e (DMSC), the patients and their family f free counselling and medico-legal oject trains people to build a system of and their families.
gle. P92-93. Frontline. 16 August 2002.
dit Mahila Stationery Karmanchi Sangh ng forward the demands of the survivors |rvivors have presented a memorandum ers that compensation should be offered s “non-affected' by the state. While paid to the kith and kin of the deceased, nated and abandoned plant site be ards for those who work at the newly
d Reform : Women's quest for justice. b, Member Law Commission. P. 6-8. Ch 1997.
f the Law Commission that looks into otection of Women. This Act provides police custody and stipulated rules for ctims. Concerning trials on rape the innel should adopt a gender Sensitive a discussion on the uniform civil code tice for women, she mentions that fomen's NGO have been successful in
ill horror. The Hindu. 13 January 2004.
sociation (AIDWA) held a 'convention, ted tradition voiced their experiences.
Violence, Delhi, 25 November 2004.
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While a significant percentage of mu and Uttar Pradesh are committed as Panchayat judgements on honour' killi castes against inter-caste marriages organisations to intervene in Such cases couples, pressurise the government to and to impose a ban on judgements impo that political parties up hold the right o of all village Panchayats to report Suc
441. Visaria, Leela et al. Abortio qualitative survey. P5044-505, Weekly. Vol.XXXIX, Nos. 46 &
HealthWatch and CEHAT have conduc Assessment Project - India (AAP-I)
dimensions of induced abortion, whi problems of maternal morbidity and m research methods supplemented with c women who have undergone abortio abortion is yet another form of gender v of the spouse/conjugal family the stuc provided as after-care health services provider interaction, pre and post proc on abortion laws and the PNDT Act t foetus lead to challenges and advocacy scope for policy reform, programma woman, addressing the contraceptive provision of the MTP Act.
442. Visaria, Leela. Violence agains Gujarath. P. 9-17., tables, ref. I report of three studies. Washi Research on Women (ICRW). S.
This is a community-based study to un violence in the rural areas. This stud forms of family violence, attempts to and women's options for support. Th violence could be countered by:

rders in the states of Punjab, Haryana honour killings, a large number of ngs are issued annually by the dominant . AIDWA calls upon all democratic to prevent victimisation of individuals/ ) formulate policies for its prevention )sed by caste-based Panchayats, demand f marriage by choice and accountability h cases.
in in India : Emergency issues from 2, notes, ref Economic and Political
47. 20-26 November 2004.
ted a number of studies on the Abortion that has created a database on all the lch despite its legality causes serious hortality. This study besides qualitative Juantitative data includes interviews of ns. Considering the fact that induced iolence, often performed under pressure ly shed light on the quality of Services at the state medical institutions, clientedural counselling, level of awareness hat prohibits sex determination of the on the issue. Thus the research provides tic action, special needs of the single
needs and creating awareness on the
t women in India . Evidence from Rural Domestic violence in India : A summary ngton D.C., International Centre for eptember 1999.
derstand the factors leading to domestic ly, while exploring the magnitude and analyse the reasons behind such abuse is research recommends that domestic

Page 193
O Literacy and education for wom o Gender-sensitive education for O Formation of women's groups
and to minimise women's isolat O Use of the mass media to pron perception of gender relationsh
443. Vishaka and Others versus Stat Supreme Court Cases. Vol.6. 19
A writ petition filed for the enforceme women under Articles l4, 19 and 21 social activists and women's NGOS this gang-rape of a Social worker in rural R has prescribed guidelines and norm workplaces in order to deal with the is guidelines include duties of the empl preventive measures, disciplinary act proceedings.
444. WARLAW Women's Action R Chairperson's Report. s.l.. 19
WARLAW is a non-governmental wom is to provide legal counselling and leg The report outlines cases of wife abu WARLAW had intervened, filing cour with the objective, the organisation is i of gender-based violence and publishin violence in the form of a newsletter. provided for legal personnel and law gender, the law and crimes against wo
445. WARLAW's Petition in the S Organisation Jurisdiction) : W P. 22-25. Kalis Yug. Vol. II, Issu
This is a petition filed by Women's Acti (WARLAW) against the government c mentioned in the State Constituti

en and girls;
Tlen; at community-level for empowerment ion; ote awareness- raising on the healthy p.
e of Rajasthan and Others. P241-254. 97.
nt of the fundamental rights of working of the Constitution of India. Filed by petition follows the incident of alleged ajasthan. Evidently, the Supreme Court s that should be strictly observed in sue of sexual harassment at work. The oyer, definition of sexual harassment, ion, complaint procedure and criminal
esearch and Legal Action to Women. 96). 11 p.
men’s organisation whose major activity, al aid to victims of domestic Violence.
use and dowry-related violence where
cases on behalf of victims. In keeping nvolved in research and documentation
g a quarterly critique on cases of gender
Seminars and training programmes are
enforcers to understand the issues of
e.
upreme Court at New Delhi (Civil 'rit Petititon (Civil) No. 684 of 1994. le. 1. March 1997.
bn Research and Legal Action to Women
f India. It concerns gender equality as on and indiscrepancies in the law
7ז

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implementation towards gender justic Government is a signatory, this petition with gendered law and the National Con seeks judicial reform of the various Subordination.
446. Warrier, Shoba. The Positive
for thousands with AIDS in Sout. - http://www.rediff.com/ne WS/2
This is a newsarticle concerning the l HIV/AIDS (INP-Plus) a non-governm AIDS in Tamil Nadu, through which women in South was started. The INPto air their fears and anxieties and to includes Support services from med workers, with a tremendous increase besides providing access to informat counselling and psychological Support
447. We were insulted at governmen, Hindu. 20 February 2004.
Positive Women's Network (PWN) a w HIV has organised a public hearing
National Commission for Women (NC grievances. Speaking of their "stign medical/paramedical personnel treat t treatment in hospitals. Officials from hearing have urged the PWN to file awareness campaigns and educational
448. WHRNET NEWS. India . A public. P.1-2.s.l. 5 September ; accessed 20 December 2002
The World Organisation Against Tortu gender-based violence perpetrated up Referring to the case of Ms. Yeramm OMCT appeals to the state authorities
1.

e. Recalling the CEDAW to which the is filed against those Ministries dealing nmission on Human Rights. The petition laws that reveal gender injustice and
Women's Network (PWN] is a lifeline h India. 1 December 2001. 2p. Source OOI/ ; accessed on 25 June 2003.
indian Network of People Living with ental organisation caring for victims of the pioneer group for AIDS-affected Plus has created a forum for the victims look at the positive side of life. PWN ical personnel, dieticians and Social of membership. The support groups, tion, prevention and care also render t to women living with HIV infection.
t hospitals : HIV-infected women. The
fomen's NGO working for women with for the victims of AIDS who met the W) and government officials to air their ha’ the victims said that government hem in a shabby manner when seeking the public health sector present at the a public interest petition, along with | programmes on HIV/AIDS.
Dalit woman was paraded naked in 2001. Source-http://www.whrnet.org/
re (OMCT) seeks urgent action against bn women of oppressed castes in India. a, who was punished by the villagers, to take action and have a State inquiry
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into the incident. They ask also that the with compensation provided to the vic
449. Widespread demand for Kun
29 October 2004.
The Kerala Stree Vedi, Kerala Mahila the resignation of the State Minister
allegations of sexual abuse and force was a minor in her place of employm removal of the victim to a government medical care. In a march to the secre State Government should provide considering the fact that death threats Women's Counselling Centre, a wome in 1997, urges that a reliable and fully case of a 'sex racket in ice cream pal arena for the sexual exploitation of M
450. WISCOMP (Women in Securi Breaking the Silence : Women i.
WISCOMPa women's NGO organized the Silence : Woman and Kashmir a concerned and those who were affecte aims to provide a context within wh Kashmir could be articulated and com the valley. The first part included tho academicians, activists and journalist lives have been directly affected by the political history of Kashmir, this forul gendered approach to repair the civi
451. Witch killing in India. 3p. s.l. www.cnn.com/ 2000/ASIANOW
The State Government of Bihar has p. of 'witch hunting a traditional form communities. This evil practice targe land in a society where land owners

perpetrators of the crime be prosecuted, tim.
hailkutty's resignation. The Hindu.
Sanghom and AIDWA have demanded of Industries in Kerala, on grounds of d prostitution of Ms. Rejina, when she ent. Stree Vedi also sought immediate hospital for safety, and was given expert :tariat, the activists demanded that the adequate protection to the victim, have been made against her. Anweshi 2n's NGO which took up her case back '-fledged inquiry be conducted into the our in Kozhikode, which served as the (s. Rejina.
ty Conflict Management and Peace). n Kashmir. 2p. New Delhi). 2004.
la roundtable forum entitled "Breaking S an interface between those who are 'd by the ongoing civil war. This forum ich issues and concerns of Women of municated to a wider audience outside se working on the Kashmir problem – , and the latter on those women whose 2 conflict. In a background of the sociom leads to examine the possibility for a l Society towards lasting peace.
. 5 September 2000. Source - http:// W/south/, accessed on 17 June 2005).
assed a stringent law against the crime 1 of violence against women in tribal :ts widows and single women owning ship is shrinking as a result of socio
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economic development. The law again passed in 2001 imposing a minimum of of death penalty for the perpetrators.
rare and the Free Legal Aid Committ perpetrators. However, prevention of th is based on deep-rooted beliefs on exor
452. Womankind Worldwide. Fen Source - http://www.womanki
Female infanticide and sex-selective ab lack of social status. Impoverished com oppressed castes, view their daughter girls are abandoned or killed at birth Womankind Worldwide works with rur. Women's rights, share experiences, ga awareness on health aspects and econc better position to resist family press Womankind has initiated the formation active at the level of local governmen and encouraging community intervent
453. Women cold as India wakes up t Is...n]. s.l. 26 May 2002.lp. Sc on 10 July 2002).
New Delhi has set up a 3-member panel of sexual harassment of women en complaints of workplace violence. F rights activists argue that the panel i backing and is inadequate to deal wit sector where incidents are widespread been formulated by the National Comr private sector staff. The National Fed organised campaigns for women's rig lodging of official complaints on sexual the National Alliance of Women recon appoint more than mere bureaucrats to
454. Women hold rally against riots.
1

st this practice of 'witch killing was 3 months imprisonment and a maximum However, convictions are found to be ee a local NGO seeks punishment for is crime is rather difficult as the practice cism that is linked to tribal health care.
nale infanticide. Ip. London. 2003. nd.org.uk/; accessed on 24 June 2003.
ortions of the girl child reflect women's munities, in particular, tribes, rural and S as an economic burden' hence baby . In Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu al women where the women learn about in access to legal support and develop omic independence so that they are in a ure to do away with the baby girls. 1 of women's groups that are politically t, while advocating education for girls ion to combat gender-based violence.
O sexual harassment in the workplace. ource - http://news.com.com; accessed
to monitor the state sector for incidence
hployees, and to probe independent However, women's groups and human S ineffective without the proper legal h complaints from the informal labour ... In this context a code of conduct has mission on Women in order to guide the eration of Indian Women (NFIW) has hts in the workplace, to encourage the harassment. While welcoming the panel, nmends that the 3-women panel should ) monitor harassment.
The Hindustan Times. 23 January 1993.
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This is an account of the protest rally a that included the participation of repr activists raised community awarenes children were the most affected as a used by the rioters to create psycho-fe
455. Women in armed conflict situa Recommendations 19 : Violence ICES Archives on Violence Aga
Women, due to their secondary status a targets of armed conflicts. Patriarchal and militant groups add to the gende conflict. This report refers to state in armed conflict, highlighting the roles Commission and the National Commi of work efficiency of these commission Forces Special Powers Act be reform areas of conflict to take up cases of rap Rights Commissions should be set up this purpose.
456. Women. In Black protests 'state
2003.
Women. In Black is a grass roots action on the issue of violence against W perpetrated forms of abuse. Women ac their demands, stage demonstrations genocide and state violence against m
457. Women in India protest against
BBC News. 17 April 2000. south asia/, accessed on 19 Jan
More than 500 women in the State of release of a group of men accused
* Communal violence following the di
religious extremists.

gainst the recent 'communal violence esentatives from women’s NGOs. The S, expressing views that women and result of gang-rape, a common tool ar among the communities.
tion in India. P. 73-77; ref. General | against Women. Is...n), s.l.. Source - inst Women).
nd gender discrimination, are the prime norms practiced by the armed forces r-based violence during situations of itiatives to resolve gender violence in played by the National Human Rights ssion for Women. Evaluating the level s, the paper recommends that the Armed ed and that special courts be set up in e and sexual abuse. To this end, Human at state-level and funds be allocated for
terror'. The Times of India. 5 January
group committed to raise consciousness omen, in particular sexual and state tivists dressed in black and forceful in s/protests against rape, Sexual abuse, inorities.
elease of rape suspects. Ip. London), Source - http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ uary 2002).
Orissa held a protest rally against the of raping two women activists. The
estruction of Barbri Masjid in Ayodhya by
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demonstrators called for the detention issued a verdict in the case. A Lower insufficient to hold these men, and
alleged pornographic venture in Oriss
458. " Women Panel should become
2002.
Women's NGOs and action groups ha Commission for Women (TNSCW) sh statutory body whose recommendatio) the suggestion that women-related case be referred exclusively to women's co it is suggested that the Commission r public distribution systems pertaining against women have been handled by also recommends:
O A 40% budgetary allocation fo women heads of households an the society; O All socio-economic and welfar evolved in consultation with the i so that budgetary priorities are O The programme of gender sensiti to the families of political repl personnel who handle cases of v
459. Women's Commission demand suicide. Indian Express. 9 July
The National Human rights Commissio for Women (NCW) have reacted stror advocate of the High Court in Andl Ms. Sangeetha Sharma who underw lawyers, the Commission demands a “ by Asmita Resource Centre for Wome segments - incident of suicide and w Bar Council and Bar Association o
' Central Bureau of Investigations.

of all the accused until the High Court
Court declared that the evidence was according to the activists, involves an
a.
statutory body". The Hindu. 12 April
ve requested that the Tamil Nadu State ould draft a legislation to make itself a ns will bind the state. Disagreeing with 'S, particularly those on gender violence, jurts instead of the 'Fast-Track Court’, eviews all government policies and the o the manner in which cases of violence the police and judiciary. The TNSCW
r women's welfare, with preference to d those from the oppressed sections of
e policies related to women should be Commission and Women's organisations given to women's concerns; sation and awareness raising be extended resentatives, the judiciary and medical iolence against women and children.
seeks CBI probe into AP Advocates 2000.
n (NHRC) and the National Commission gly to the incident of Suicide by a lady hra Pradesh. Concerning the death of sent sexual harassment by her fellowCBI inquiry into the incident. Petitioned n the NCW has taken up the case in two omen's sexual harassment, urging the f India to take action against sexual

Page 199
harassment within the professionals. made and the case is in progress.
460. Women flay Indian Governme. Clubplanet. 2 December 2002. 4p accessed on 11 January 2003).
Women activists campaigning against r the recent call of the government to sa AIDWA and Centre for Social Researc "...death penalty is not going to fight
cases convicted would be lesser, as judg punishment for the crime of rape.” Th the legal procedure less cumbersome f bear witness several times before the the protection of the victim by her fam is suggested that a victim's account different stages of the investigation. A by the women's groups awaits debate
461. Women’s Global Network fo Campaign to stop anti-fertility v 3p.s.l. 9 June 2005. Source - August 2005.
For several years, there has been growi activists over a persistent line of co controlling population growth by m. fertility by the use of injectable ho Women's organizations have raised cor and the potential for abuse of these ". term, after-effects on the woman's heal two international conferences on rep Delhi and the Forum for Womens Hea raise awareness on the research and u implication on women's health. The g press conference where they presente Anti-Fertility Vaccines Research and
VII International Congress of Reproduc of Immunology, New Delhi, October-N
1

In response to this, arrests have been
nt to call for hanging rapists. s.l., . Source-http://www.clubplanet.com/
ape and sexual violence have criticised anction capital punishment for rapists. h (CSR) have the perspective that the rape. On the contrary, the number of es are more reluctant to sanction capital e groups have urged the state to make Dr the victims of rape who have to "..... legal and police authorities, leading to ily members during interrogations.” It should be video-recorded and used in s such, a Bill on sexual assault drafted at the parliament.
r Reproductive Rights (WGNRR). accines and hazardous contraceptives.
http://www.wgn rr.org/, accessed on 13
ing concern and criticism among health intraceptive research, which aims at eans of controlling, mainly women's rmonal contraceptives and implants. cerns on the safety, efficacy, reliability, anti-fertility vaccines' that have longth system, beyond their control. During roductive immunology, Saheli in New lth in Bombay, launched a campaign to se of “anti-fertility vaccines” and their roups organized a demonstration and a a brochure entitled "Target Practice : Womens Health.' All activities were a
tive Immunology & International Conference
ovember, 1998.
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huge success and they even managed audience of the scientific congress, annoyance.
462. Women's group condemns threa
The Hindu. 20 January 2004.
The AIDWA, in a press release, co objectionable' statements issued by Nasreen, demanding that she be deport death threats by religious extremists in and she has sought refuge in India. D her autobiography and translations c Bangladesh.
463. The World Bank. Health serv notes. Improving women's healt
This chapter is in relation to the state and mortality of women in India. Th Programme, launched by the governi aims to reduce the rate of maternal immunization and ante-natal care for pi traditional birth attendants are pres Motherhood component has progresse natal and postpartum care service is \ country. Providing prompt and effectiv has been a difficult task as the governn specialists, well-equipped operating th The other component viz., the Intensifi to educate traditional birth attendants provide them with essential maternal referral services for those who develo programme too, has encountered sever, of trained birth attendants in the villag 'safe-delivery kits. As the birth attenc a position to handle gynaecological co for maternal disability or death.
See also Citation Nos. 110, 491, 507, 963,966-69 , 971, 976, 980,981, 983,

to read out a protest statement to the which raised considerable interest and
t (and Taslima undaunted by Fatwa
ndemns the highly provocative and fundamentalists against Ms. Taslima ed from India. Ms. Nasreen has received Bangladesh on account of blasphemy, espite the threats, she plans to present f her publications that are banned in
ices and how they are used. P69-74, h in India. Washington D.C., 1996.
: efforts to address maternal morbidity le Child Survival & Safe Motherhood ment under the national health policy, mortality by means of the delivery of egnant women and ensuring that trained 2nt at childbirths. However, the Safe d very slowly, as the provision of antesery low in most northern states of the retreatment for obstetric complications nent does not have adequately qualified eatres or facilities for blood transfusion. ed Training of Dias Programme (ITDP), on hygienic delivery practices, aims to care and birth skills, pre-natal care and childbirth-related complications. This al difficulties in terms of the availability es and the supply/use of comprehensive lants are intermediaries, they are not in mplications, which are the major cause
530, 648, 766,795,803,842,951,961,
984, 986, 990, 993 , 1009 & 1012.
34

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1.4 MA
464. Asian Development Bank (A development. Chapter 2. Wome briefing paper.s.l). April 2001.
Women in the Maldives face problems as the rate of divorce is on the increas reveals the need to examine laws rela legal literacy for women. The Peopl Maldives passed a Family Law in 20 divorce. Further, the Ministry of Wome conducts programmes geared to redu high divorce rate, while raising co childbirth. The Gender Equity Counc functions as an advisory body to MW discrimination and violation of wome
465. Violence against women in M. Women's Journal. Issue.5, 199
This article while acknowledging the violence provides the number of such country where the legal system is bas is evident in terms of property rights, m participation. The article provides the and Social Welfare to formulate ger equality and to address gender crimes
466. International Planned Pare
Profile. Maldives. 2p. 20
WWW. WeSouthasians.org; 3CCCS
Early marriage, frequent pregnancie: health services are the factors that jeo Legal restrictions on the provision oj legal ban on abortion add to women's limited awareness on reproductive/s health services in the country, where f workers and traditional birth attendant

LDIVES
DB). Overall features and trends in n in the Republic of Maldives Country
in the context of marriage and divorce, 2. The Constitution of Maldives (1998) ted to marriage, divorce and to ensure e’s Majlis ratified by the President of 0, providing relief for women facing n's Affairs & Social Security (MWASS) ce the problem of early marriage and nsciousness on early pregnancy and il (GEC) established in the year 2000 |ASS on measures to eliminate gender n's rights.
aldives. P27-30. Solidarity : SAARC 8.
insufficiency of data on gender-related cases reported from 1995 to 1997. In a ed on religious laws, gender inequality arriage, divorce and their socio-political commitment of the Ministry of Women ider-related policies towards women's
nthood Federation (IPPF). Country November 2002. Source - http:// sed on 19 June 2004).
, chronic malnutrition and inadequate pardise women's health in the Maldives. contraceptives to the unmarried and a health problems. Traditional norms and exual health lead to limited levels of amily health workers, community health s ("Foolhuma”) are the health providers
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The Society for Health Education (SH women's health, actively involved Established in 1988 with an integrated: service delivery, the projects include:
O Increasing accessibility to health para-medical and administrative Media campaign for health educ Counselling services on family Youth Forums on adolescent hea family planning, Sexually transm and drugs
O A base-line survey on national hi
health
SHE aims to conduct a comprehensive awareness raising, health Screening, ge view to improve maternal health and tl
467. Shaljan, A.M. Status of women. development in Maldives. Econo) No. 18. May 1-7, 2004.
Maternal death rate in the Maldives ha initiated health programme. The progr: with comprehensive referral services planning services. Initiated by UN Pop Health Organisation (WHO), this enc health education and family plannings childbirths and community participati
See also Citation No. 967,976 & 989
18

E) is the only NGO with an agenda on in the state population programme. pproach towards health education and
services through training of medical, staff to expand their services ation and communication lanning and sexual abuse th issues - early marriage, pregnancy, itted diseases and addiction to alcohol
alth, with emphasis on maternal/child
programme on Thalassaemia through netic counselling and research with a hat of new-born babies.
P. 1838-1839. Population, gender and mic and Political Weekly. Vol.XXXIX,
is reduced significantly, due to a state amme includes health care for women , as well as the expansion of family ulation Fund (UNFPA) and the World ompasses raising awareness through ervices, which helps in the spacing of on in maternal/child health care.

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1.5 N
468. ABC Nepal. Girls Trafficking Ghimire. Regional Consultation ( 21-22 August 1999. 11 p.
This country report explores the state p of women and girls in Nepal, for S Stemming from policy and regional i with here. In this context, the activit regard to rehabilitation of victims, pri support the efforts.
469. ABC Nepal. Introduction. P. 1rescued from Indian brothels. K
Every year, thousands of Women and g in neighbouring countries, in particula of the publication draws in the efforts organisations in Nepal to rescue, reha trafficking. The NGOs, mostly wome Government to form a national comn bilateral talks with the Indian governm across borders, provide rehabilitation formulate a national policy to counter girls rescued were brought into the cu Board, supported by the Children AIII Nepal, Maiti Nepal, Stri Sakhti, “CW. shelter, medical care, counselling, no and vocational training for income g and social reintegration.
470. ABC Nepal. Programme agains
Trafficking of young girls to work in Nepal. ABC/Nepal is a communitycombat trafficking through interv generation activities, information sha
“ Child Workers in Nepal.

EPAL
: Nepal country report. Prp. Durga nViolence against Women, Colombo),
olicy and legislation against trafficking 2xual exploitation and other crimes. nitiatives, the role of NGOs are dealt ies of ABC Nepal are reviewed with :vention of trafficking and research to
4. Life in Hell: The true stories of girls athmandu. 1998.
irls are trafficked out of Nepal and sold India for commercial sex. This section made by voluntary/non-governmental bilitate and reintegrate the survivors of n’s organisations have pressurised the hittee to investigate the problem, hold ent to combat the problem of trafficking measures for the victims rescued and the problem of human trafficking. The stody of the Court of Juvenile Welfare )S Society and women's NGOs - ABC N and many others who provided them 1-formal education, literacy, leadership eneration as a means to rehabilitation
tgirl trafficking. Kathmandu. 20... 17p.
the sex industry is a burning issue in centred organisation that attempts to 2ntion, awareness building, income ring, non-formal education and health
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programmes. This report outlines th programmes aimed at improving the overall status of the women.
471. Agro-Forestry Basic Health an Kathmandu 19..., Source - ICE
This is an action-oriented NGO with grass root levels, with a gender persp ABC Nepal is to sensitise the comm awareness-raising on Sexually transmi leadership training on prevention of
support for the rescued victims. The br activities initiated by ABC Nepal whi health programmes and income-gener
472. Amnesty International. Nepal
of a Maoist "People's War". M 31/01/97).
This report describes incidents of sex women by the police when launching
sexual abuse by the police on a wom killing of two women in public are c. on the individual cases and recommenc the Government of Nepal for the inves violations, in particular extrajudicial
473. Asian Women's Resources Exc publishing house focuses on m. http://www.aw orc.org/bpfa/pub March 2004.
Women's organisations in Nepal po sensationalises rape with the names o analytical, investigative coverage on vi Publication House and the Asian N. (ANWIC) have jointly organised as in conducting media advocacy to end g
"Media Advocacy in relation to Women
1

2 Scope and limitations of the various ‘ehabilitation efforts of the victims and
ld Co-operatives, Nepal (ABC Nepal). SArchives on Violence Against Women).
community development activities for lective. One of the major objectives of unity towards trafficking of girls and tted diseases. Women are provided with trafficking and to organise community ochure provides a variety of community ch include forest conservation, primary ating Ventures for rural women.
: Human rights violations in the context March 1997. 27p. (Doc. AI Index. ASA
ual harassment and custodial rape of 3 an attack on a group of rebels. Cases of an-suspect of robbery and extrajudicial ited here. While providing information lations Amnesty International calls upon igations and prevention of human rights killings and torture.
hange (AWORC). Nepal's first women edia. Kathmandu. 2000. 2p. Source/sec is com00003.html; accessed on 19
int out that the media trivialises and f rape victims, while failing to produce olence against Women. Asmita Women's etwork of Women in Communication eminar to evaluate the efforts of NGOs gender-oriented violence. Their role and
and Violence'. Kathmandu, 21-22 May 1998.
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potentials of the media with regard to c. women's empowerment was discusse media could be used to create public as a social issue. The conference highli the only women's organisation in Bh refrains from focusing on violence aga participants were critical of the Bhutan advocacy and gender issues.
474. Asmita. Media Monitoring. K WWW.asmita.org.np/ASmita Profi 22 February 2003).
Asmita is the pioneer women's publish violence against women. While analy mainstream media of Nepal, Asmita of be presented through their periodical. workshops to promote media advocal against gender stereotypes and negativ
475. Balami, Bacchu. Women's Prop
10 November 2001. Sourceeditorial.htm ; accessed on 22 F.
This article is critical of the "double s of women's inheritance, and relates to political groups to rectify the law in ter are vulnerable to gender-based violenc abuse, public rape, trafficking for sexu a result of economic powerlessness an that discriminated married women agai recent draft of the bill gives them acc status and sexuality, in contrary to th women to retain their inheritance after
476. Bill Against Human Traffickin
29 July 2001.
A briefing on the campaign against traf launched in the wake of presenting a Law and Development in conjuncti
18

ombating gender crimes and promoting i with suggestions as to how best the awareness on violence against Women ghted the gender issues in Bhutan, that utan is headed by a state official, and inst women is seen as 'bad news.' The ese media for its insensitivity on media
athmandu. 2001. 1 p. (Source - http:// le/media monitoring.htm; accessed on
ning house in Nepal, addressing media sying the portrayal of women in the fers alternatives on how women should The organisation also conducts media cy and sensitise the media personnel 'e reporting of women's issues.
erty Rights Bill. P. Kathmandu Post. http://www. ktm post/2001/nov/nov 10/ ebruary 2003).
tandards adopted by the state in terms he protests launched by the opposition ms of gender justice. Women in Nepal ’e, in particular, family violence, Wife al exploitation and forms of slavery as d gender oppression. Armed with laws nst their rights to parental property, this ess to property conditional on marital 2 earlier draft of the Bill that permits
marriage.
g to be presented. Kathmandu Post.
icking of women and children in Nepal Bill at parliament. Forum for Women, on with UNIFEM has conducted a
9

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“workshop entitled “Trafficking in F attention to the practicality and effectiv on the 'loop-holes' detected in the pre
477. Cabinet approves national plar,
October 1999.
This section of the newsletter ackno against trafficking of women and child Approved by the Cabinet in July 199
O Policy, research and institution O Legislation and enforcement; O Awareness-raising, advocacy, in O Health and education;
O Income generation and opportu O Rescue and reintegration of vic
The action plan is coordinated by the and implemented on sectoral basis, esp where trafficking is a common proble
478. Centre for Reproductive Law Women, Law and Developme laws and reform initiatives.
imprisoned. New York. 2002.
This section of the report relates to interpretation by law enforcement aut law prohibiting abortion has been inte provision on infanticide, characterisin; in a number of reform initiatives fro Government. In 1996 the Family Plan bill seeking to legitimise abortion on s. abortion practices. This debate, paral daughters became a national issue, le 11th Amendment Bill (1997) that propos laws in the country code including the create the right to legal and safe abor
“ Workshop on “Trafficking in Huma
July 2001.

Human Beings (Control) Bill' to draw eness of the Bill, and to make correction vious draft of the Bill.
of action. P2-4. Combat. Vol.2, No. 1.
wledges the State approved action plan liren for commercial sexual exploitation. 9, the plan works in the areas of:
al development;
etworking and social mobilisation;
nities for employment; tims;
Ministry of Women and Social Welfare pecially in the border' districts of Nepal
.
and Policy (CRLP) and Forum for nt (FWLD). Current criminal abortion P. 38-41. Abortion in Nepal: Women
) current anti-abortion laws and their thorities and judiciary. Incidentally, the rpreted in conjunction with the criminal gabortion as homicide. This has brought Dm both civil societies and within the ning Association of Nepal introduced a pecific grounds and to regulate access to lel to the one on the property rights for ading to the drafting of the Muluki Ain sed to amend Some gender discriminatory Anti-Abortion Act. This bill attempts to tion for:
in Beings (Control) Bill, Kathmandu, 29
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o Married women with the conse
weeks of pregnancy; Victims of rape or incest, within Saving the woman's life at any evidence of foetal malformation
Having undergone subsequent revision significantly in consultation with organisations with the removal of a h prohibition of sex-selective technique approved by the Lower House of Repres will to make abortion legal and safe 2002 and if approved will become the will be reintroduced. Nepal records one of the highest rate where half the maternal deaths are a women imprisoned for abortion ofteng the international and national legal defendants and prisoners.
479. Centre for Reproductive Law
P 15-19. Abortion in Nepal: Wo
This is an analysis of the violation of V abortion in Nepal, where women face abortion. Based on a fact-finding miss for Women, Law and Development (FW the state denial of Nepali women's rig rights of the defendants who are pros Act. It also draws in the positive role media, donor agencies and the interna enjoyment of their human rights. Su actors as women's human rights can b accompanied by a positive and concil Recommendations include legal refor enforcement of existing legal protecti
O Adoption of more comprehensiv abortion care, prescribing abo privileged women;
o Provision of legal remedies to re are charged for illegal abortion
1.

nt of their spouses, within the first 12
the first 18 weeks of pregnancy; time of her pregnancy, or if there is
s at the parliament, the bill is broadened
women's NGOs and civil Society usband's consent for abortion and the es such as amniocentesis. It has been entatives in 1999, revealing the political for women. It is to be reconsidered in law, and if not adopted then a new bill
es of maternal mortality in the world, Lttributed to unsafe abortion. Further, o to prison with their children, violating
standards concerning the rights of
and Policy (CRLP). Recommendation. men imprisoned. New York. 2002.
vomen's rights due to the prohibition of
a severe penalty on grounds of illegal ion conducted by CRLP and the Forum VLD) in March 2001 this report exposes hts to safe abortion and the violation of acuted under the current Anti-Abortion es of the NGOs, health care providers, tional community in ensuring women's ggestions are offered to each of these be realised only when legal reforms are rete effort to improve women’s status. ns, programmatic responses and greater
O S :
te legislation towards women’s rights to rtion services for the needs of under
'lease and protect women prisoners who s, while creating public awareness and
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education campaigns providing rights and related health service
O Training programmes for law en) appropriate measures to provide safe abortions. These should inclu range of healthcare, expansion o women with relevant support pri
O NGOs, donor agencies and the raising public awareness and th abortion.
480. Centre for Women's Developme August 2001. Source - http:// February 2003).
This concerns the organisational devel community-based institutions. CWD i. empowering the poor, rural women development of their potentials. In part to promote women's awareness so malpractices in a traditional society. Programme of MS Nepal and Nari Bil develop awareness among the rural literacy, legal literacy and income gen
481. Challenging Nepal's Inheritance
Network (WPRN) New Sletter. V
Women in Nepal do not have equal rig one of the basic causes for domestic women. This news article addresses pi is bound by the national constitution, Despite these commitments and guar discriminate women from owning na initiatives taken by NGOs and the Min regard to:
O Research on foreign laws of inhe
legal system;
O Creating a Bill to put into place le
of property rights.

information on women's reproductive S. orcement officials and the judiciary on and protect women who are in need of de broad-based legal protection, a wide family planning services to all Nepali )grammes; media are requested to pressurise on 2 ensuring of women's rights for safe
it (CWD). P.... MS Nepal Newsletter. www.msnepal.org/ ; accessed on 22
opments of women's NGOs with other s a women's NGO committed towards through self-reliance, awareness and hership with MS Nepal, CWD is geared
as to eliminate the gender-based
Being the beneficiary of the WLIP Kash Kendra, the organisation aims to poor women through programmes on eration.
Law. P4-6. Women in Politics Resource ol. 1, No. 1. July-October 1997.
hts to natal property and this is seen as and other forms of violence against operty rights of women in a state that as well as international conventions. antees, the property laws continue to al property. The article refers to the istry of Women & Social Welfare with
itance rights and the gaps in the Nepali
gal reforms on gender equality in terms

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482. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. Ne,
rights of women and the gender Report of the (UN Special Rapp causes and consequences. Ms. F With Commission on Human Ri Mission to Bangladesh, Nepal í women and girls (28 October-15 append. (E/CN.4/2001/73/Add.3
Human trafficking, in particular, traffi a serious problem in Nepal and the st Supported by ILO, the state has launche sex trafficking of women and childr framework, programmes / policies anc to addressing trafficking. The police children's units to receive complaints. I OHCHR and the NGO sector, are act through programmes on rehabilitation a into the society. The report further aci NGOs viz., Maiti Nepal, Shakti Samu Development and that of the national
483. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. Ne.
rights of women and the gender Violence against women in the fam on Violence Against Women, its ( COOmaraswamy, in acCordance wit 1995/85. 10 March 1999. 47p.; n
The UN Special Rapporteur on Viole about reports on the high incidence C Nepal and the gender discrimination w the victim-survivors of family viole definition of family-related violence,
well as other related forms - forced p
484. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. N rights of women and the gender Report by the (UN) Special Ra its causes and Consequences Ms Communication to and from Gove 68/Add. 1).

al. P.23-28. Integration of the human perspective: Violence against Women : orteur on Violence Against Women, its (adhika Coomaraswamy, in accordance ghts resolution 2000/45 : Addendum : and India on the issue of trafficking of November 2000). 6 February 2001. 40p.;
).
cking of women and children, remains ate considers this a top priority issue. :d the National Plan of Action to prevent en. This report underscores the legal l the criminal justice system in relation
department has set up women's and nternational agencies, such as UNICEF, ive rescuing victims and helping them und vocational training to integrate them (nowledges the work done by women's ha and the Forum for Women, Law and network AATWIN.
pal. P.35-36. Integration of the human perspective : Violence against Women : ily: Report of the (UN]Special Rapporteur causes and consequences. Ms. Radhika h Commission on Human Rights resolution otes. (E/CN.4/1999/68).
nce Against Women expresses concern if domestic violence against women in ithin the criminal justice system against ce. This report provides an extensive such as wife abuse and marital rape, as rostitution and forced marriage.
epal. P.6-7. Integration of the human perspective : Violence against Women : pporteur on Violence Against Women, . Radhika Coomaraswamy: Addendum : rnments. 11 January 1999 (E/CN.4/1999/
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This section of the report relates to thi of Bina Kharki detained in the women Rapporteur on Violence Against Wome of her health as a result of the physical by state authorities. She urges the G incident of custodial violence, perpet
485. Deuki Opera. P 10- 11. [and] A Combat. Vol.2, No. 1. October 1
Brief reports on the NGOs/state initiat violence - trafficking of girls, sexuall denial of property rights to wome community awareness is created on ti discrimination and violence. This n Ministry of Women and Social Welfare ABC Nepal has used street dramas a awareness on trafficking and other ge are notorious for the crime of traffick
486. Dhakal, Mukta. Girl trafficking Women's Journal. Issue.5, 1998
Nepal has strict laws to combat traffick due to various reasons - lack of Social subordination and institutionalisation way to "cross-country trafficking ofg the role of the Ministry of Women ar eliminate trafficking and other gende the implementation of gender progra are dealt with here.
487. Empowering women in Nepal. 4
1998.
This relates to the support given participation through lead advocacy g)
' A caste-based form of “temple slave
service of temples. Marriage is a taboo workers.

complaint made on the alleged torture s prison of Kathmandu Jail. The Special n expresses concern on the deterioration abuse and poor health services provided overnment of Nepal to investigate this ated against Women detainees.
popular medium to reach folks. P. 14. 999.
ves to drive messages related to gender y transmitted diseases, prostitution and 1. Through stage and street dramas, aditional practices that lead to gender ews item concerns the efforts of the to stage an opera on the 'Deuki system. S the popular medium to create social nder-related problems, in districts that
Lng.
in Nepal. P31-33. Solidarity : SAARC
ing which are not properly implemented awareness, traditional norms on gender of prostitution all of which have given irls and women. The article emphasises Id Social Welfare that is committed to r-related crimes. The state policy and mmes towards women's empowerment
p. USAID Information Bulletin. March
y USAID towards women's social oups. Women legal personnel, through
y' where the women are sanctioned to the for such women, and often they end up as sex
'4

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the advocacy groups confront issues o in Nepal. Besides providing communi voice against gender discrimination in and caste oppression towards Women
488. Equal property rights for Daug. the CEDA W. P. 29-32. Kali’S Yu
This petition has been filed against th daughters, as the Constitution of Nepa daughters only. This is in contradictic party. The petitioner requests that th applicable to women's property right: to inherit parental assets, the lack of w The court feels that the issue needs to b and human rights bodies, and amendm
489. Equlaity Now. Nepal : The cr
Report. 2002.
The Government of Nepal has amende a medical termination of pregnancy u circumstances of rape and incest the pregnancy, and at any time if recom grounds of the mother's physical or the earlier law where any act of ab imprisonment. Women's NGOs callu who serve a penalty under the previ reproductive healthcare.
490. Equalizing and raising the as Nepal. P7-8. WIP Flyer. Vol. 1,
This document comments on an advoc discrimination and violence against V programme is initiated by an NGO ( that has formed advocacy groups that with grass roots women. Drawing on
50 Convention on the Elimination of All
1

in domestic violence that is widespread ty health Services, the advocacy groups property inheritance, trafficking of girls
hters : The Supreme Court of Nepal on g. Vol.II, Issue. 1. March 1997.
he denial of property rights for married provides property rights for unmarried on to CEDAW, to which Nepal is state he issue of gender equality should be s and be brought within the family law which is a root cause to family violence. e discussed with Women's organisations nents be made.
iminalization of abortion. p. 9. Annual
d its abortion laws for women to procure p to the first 12 weeks. However, under provision is valid up to 18 weeks of hmended by a medical practitioner on mental health. This amendment annuls ortion was a punishable offence with pon the release of all women prisoners ous law and for improved services in
gricultural labour wage of women in
ISSue No. 2. November 1997.
acy project aimed at eliminating gender vomen workers in the rural Nepal. This alled Social Awareness Centre (SAC) t discuss a wide range of gender issues issues such as mistreatment of Women
forms of Violence Against Women.
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workers, violence against women, pol reaches the community through village activity has lead to specific demands a towards rural women. SAC while condu women micro-entrepreneurs has mobil that demand protection against all forn
491. Family Health Internation - i Prevention Project (AIDSCAP II,
2p. (Source - http:// WWW, flhi.Org 2003)
This is a summary of a project to reduce and their clients, launched from 1993 t on Nepal's major highways that link trafficking is at large. The intervention
O Quality of health services availa
O Community-based information, a
victims of AIDS; Strengthen state capacity in polic Private sector participation in th
Funded by USAID, the FHI assists lo implement and evaluate HIV preventio
492. Forum for Women, Law and D. laws in Nepal and their impact situation und proposals for cha biblio.; charts; annex.
The Constitution of Nepal though base. shows several laws that discriminate V of women in Nepal within the framew their inefficiency in addressing gender c the nature and degree of discrimination deprived of justice. The report relates to laws and the challenges encountered in accountability to the Beijing Platform fo for reforms in the laws, policies and a cl
19

ygamy and child marriage, the group and district development councils. This gainst gender violence/discrimination cting classes on literacy and promoting ised them to participate in mass rallies ms ofgender-related violence.
all (FHI). HIV/AIDS Control and , Nepal. Kathmandu. 8 October 1999. /.../Archive/; accessed on 22 February
: HIV transmission among sex workers
o 1998. The interventions concentrate India and Bangladesh where human improves the following areas:
ble for sexually transmitted diseases; dvocacy and care system to respond to
cy development and surveillance; e prevention efforts.
cal NGOs and state agencies to plan, in interventions.
evelopment (FWLD). Discriminatory on Women : A review of the current nge. Kathmandu. August 2000. 131p.;
d on gender equality and human rights, vomen. This report analyses the status ork of gender discriminatory laws and rimes. Case studies are used to illustrate where women victims of violence are state initiatives to amend discriminatory the process. In keeping with the state ir Action and CEDAW, this paper argues hange of attitudes of the policy makers.
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493. Forum for Women, Law a Inheritance Rights for Women . Grants Programme. Kathmandu
The legal status of Nepalese woment property is fragile, temporary and impe to women’s property rights. This situat situations, in particular family violenc autonomy or economic independence t launched an advocacy programme forg awareness raising forum in order to e property. Women's groups have made law under which women have no rights Working under the NGO Small Gran are lobbying at the centre to ensure th incorporates the necessary provision v parental property, even after marriage
494. Forum for Women, Law and D. women and girls. P.39-41. Sha Government of Nepal on CEDAW Comments. Kathmandu. 1999.
This is an analysis of the current lega of violence against Women. Laws relati and violence due to customary practi state initiative to prevent violence agai Development Policy (9th Plan, 1997-2 Action to address gender violence. T strengths and weaknesses of the curre pronounced legal reform and stronger of the state attitudes towards the effor Welfare.
495. Fujikura, Yasuko. Transcultu the question of prostitution in N Hambantota, 11-14 July 2005.
In this working paper, Fujikura explor transcultural judgments embodied in th
5. Forthcoming as "Gender & Violence,
1

nd Development (FWLD). Equal Activities carried under NGO Small . October 2002.11 p.; plates.
o inherit ancestral, parental or marital rfect with many pre-conditions attached ion of gender injustice leads to abusive ce where the woman has no individual o make alternative choices. FWLD has rass-roots women viz., a comprehensive nable them to demand equal access to public protests regarding the current to own parental property after marriage. ts Programme, women's organisations at the Country Code (11th Amendment) whereby daughters have equal rights to
evelopment FWLD). Violence against adow Report : An initial report of the : Briefing of initial report and concluding
l provisions concerning various forms ng to domestic violence, rape, polygamy ces are examined in this context. The inst women is expressed as the National 000) and a subsequent National Plan of his part of the report delves into the 2nt legislation and the need for a more law enforcement. FWLD is also critical ts of the Ministry of Women and Social
ural Judgments : UN Conventions and epal. 17p.; ref. “Gender and Violence”, Draft).
es the question of prostitution as to how e UN Conventions to address trafficking
published by ICES, Colombo.
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of women and prostitution are challenge and activists in their response to specific She places the case of Badi communit known to practice the traditional form of violence against Badi girls, the wo formed an NGO called SAFE (Social with Danish Volunteer Service (DVS). for children, in particular the girls of the self-esteem and confidence before ent SAFE also aims to establish residenti women, so that they are removed from Judges Society of Nepal and the Forun Public) organized an interaction prog issue of gender violence against the wo and the Dalit NGO Federation jointly fi of Nepal to free the women from sex wo for the Development of Badi Commun Badi as a community free of sex opportunities for the women.
496. His Majesty's Government of Bill, (2001 J. Kathmandu. 6p. 2 trafbill.pdf; accessed on 25 Ma.
This Bill is an attempt to stop the org particular women and children for th labour-to rehabilitate the victim/surviv laws dealing with the issue. It is relat investigation and prosecution of the ( taken for protection/rehabilitation of t
497. His Majesty's Government of and Punishment) Act, 2056 (20C Archives on Violence Against W
This is a draft of the Act that attempts sexual offences in Nepal. While provic and sexual exploitation, bonded labout remedies for the victims of these crim
* "Gender, Equality and Justice', Nepalg
National Conference on the Status of B
19

'd by the State of Nepal, NGOs, lawyers Socio-cultural situations in the country. y in Western Nepal where women are of prostitution. Motivated by incidence men and men of the community have Awareness for Education) in support SAFE runs an educational programme : community so that they could develop rolling in the state-run school system. al facilities for the daughters of Badi the culture' of prostitution. UNIFEM, n for Protection of Public Interest (Pro ramme where Badi activists raised the omen. Subsequently, Pro Public, SAFE led a writ petition to the Supreme Court ork. The National Struggle Committee ity called upon the state to declare the work' and to provide alternate job
Nepal. Human Trafficking (Control)
0... Source - http://www.fwld.org.np/ y 2004).
anised crime of human trafficking, in he purpose of forced prostitution and or and to unify and up date the existing ed to the definition of trafficking, the |rime, penalty awarded and measures he victims.
Nepal. The Traffic in Persons (Crime )0). Kathmandu. 16p. Source- ICES fomen .
to control human trafficking and other ding penalties for crimes of trafficking and prostitution, the Act defines legal
CS.
gunj, October 2001. adi Community, Kathmandu, January 2005.
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498. His Majesty’s Government
Services and National Cel Strategic Plan for HIV and AID 26p.; annex.
This report states that the root causes of include prostitution, unsafe SeX pract activated by women's subordinate pos This operational plan deals with the val the outburst of HIV/AIDS in the count
499. His Majesty's Government of
and Social Welfare. Combat ti commercial sexual exploitation mechanism. Kathmandu, 199
This document conveys information ol discriminatory and exploitative practice status and to provide care for the vic related to the areas of intervention as r here. To combat the problem of traffi are formed at national, district and m rehabilitation homes for victims are e. to carry out suitable programmes to he
500. His Majesty's Government. Mi Welfare. Trafficking of women exploitation. Kathmandu. 200 Violence Against Women).
This brochure concentrates on the stat industry and forced labour. While refei lead to trafficking, international bodi policies to prevent and combat the cri
501. In the village where we work. P1
This is a news article on the prevention intercept traffickers and rescue th Development Committees (VDCs) anc
1.

of Nepal. Department of Health ntre for AIDS and STD Control. S in Nepal : 1997-2001. Kathmandu.
sexually transmitted diseases in Nepal ices, drug addiction and alcoholism, ition in society, poverty and illiteracy. rious health policies formulated during ry, and how the problem is addressed.
Nepal). Ministry of Women, Children rafficking in women and children for : Policy, action plan and institutional D. P...; annex.
n the national action plan to combat all es against women, to uplift the women’s tims of sexual exploitation. Activities mentioned in the policies, are reviewed cking in women and girls, task forces unicipal levels. As part of victim care, stablished and a revolving fund set up lp the victims.
nistry of Women, Children and Social
and children for commercial sexual O. P... Source- ICES Archives on
e action towards trafficking for the sex ring to the socio-economic factors that es working on this issue and national me are listed here.
6. Maiti. Vol.1, No.3. March-April 1999.
camps run by Maiti Nepal that aims to e victims. Assisted by the Village | ILO, the camp functions not only as a
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shelter for those rescued, but to pro informal education and awareness on inmates encouraging them to be finar educates the local community on girl tra mobilising them towards community.
WOII)ՇՈ.
502. Informal Sector Service Cent) Forum. Second Oppressed Wom 1995. 17p.; append.
This is a forum for women victims o voice their own experiences. Organis the role of Nepali women in politics - discussion on women's role in social pa This forum serves as an inspiration f gender integrated national developme
503. Informal Sector Service Centr against victimisation of women Nepalgunj (Nepal), 12-15 Febru.
The objective of this forum is to brin from rural, poor and oppressed castg victimisation. Donor agencies and NGC are brought in touch with them. There of violence experienced by the victi custodial, bonded labour, trafficking, harmful traditional practices. Group C appropriate programmes to combat vic
504. International Gay and Lesbi (IGLCHR). Police detains lesbi mob violence urgently needed. 24 May 2000. Source - http://w 2003).
The Commission pledges support towai of two schoolgirls alleged to be involv
2(

ide income-generating skill training, sexually transmitted diseases for the cially independent. Further, the camp fficking, prostitution and forced labour, based prevention of violence against
e (INSEC). Political Victim Women's en Forum. Dhankuta (Nepal). February
f political violence where the victims ed by INSEC the theme encompassed directly and indirectly, followed by a rticipation and national policy-making. Dr women's political participation and ht.
e (INSEC). Women's initiations to fight : A Report. Victim Women's Forum, ary 1993. Kathmandu. 31 p.; append.
g together women victims of violence s to present their respective cases of Ds working to eliminate gender violence port cites case studies on various forms ms - community, family, workplace, rape, forced prostitution and through liscussions lead to victim support and plence against Women.
an Commission for Human Rights an youths in Nepal. Protection against 3p. Emergency Response Network. ww.ighrc.org/; accessed on 12 March
'ds a protest against the police detention ed in an emotional relationship', which
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could possibly lead to communal viole the appeal condemns the action of the p as a signatory to the above.
505. International Planned Paren Profile : Nepal 3p. 20 Novembe accessed on 12 March 2003.
In Nepal only 6% of births are attend women face a high risk of maternal de; on family planning the use of contrac emphasis on Surgical sterilisation. The a Safe Motherhood Programme that ai terms of pre- and post-natal care and ti In partnership with NGOs and the priv expand the health services, promote accelerate projects of poverty alleviati in development with greater opportun state offers incentives for surgical ster who provide this service. Plans are u with health care with retail sales of c women's NGOs in the process of se Association of Nepal (FPAN) conducts particularly in underdeveloped, rural post-natal care, curative and preven voluntary surgical sterilisation using Women's Development Project of FPA with consciousness-raising on issues and trafficking of women and girls. M. the involvement of women's groups an breast feeding, oral hydration and chil are run by FPAN to disseminate inform youth and to provide treatment for sexu for sex workers.
506. Jagriti Foundation. Bhutane, Programme (BWYEP), Thapa, 1 Nepal : 2000-2001. s.l.. Sour accessed on 19 January 2003).
BWYEP was founded by a group of the problem of gender-related violence
20

nce. Referring to ICCPR and CEDAW, olice as a breach of Nepal's obligation
thood Federation (IPPF). Country r 2002. Source - http://www.ippf.org;
ed by trained birth attendants. Hence, aths. Despite a high level of awareness 2ptives is relatively low with an overGovernment of Nepal is committed to ms to provide better health services in raining for traditional birth attendants, ate sector, the state has made efforts to the social norms of a small family, on and increase women's participation ities for skills training. At present, the ilisation but does not reimburse NGOs inderway to integrate family planning ontraceptives and the involvement of rvice delivery. The Family Planning health services through mobile clinics, areas. Their services include pre- and |tive health services, infertility, and modern techniques. The Nawalparasi AN provides such services for women, of abortion, prevention of HIV/AIDS ass media is used for this purpose with d youth forums focussing on nutrition, d care. Family life educational clinics nation on sexual/reproductive health to lally transmitted diseases, in particular
se Women and Youth Empowerment Wepal. P 1. Women's organisations - ce- http://www.jagritifoundation. Org/;
Bhutanese refugee women to address faced by refugee women. While dealing
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with issues of trafficking girls, domes prevalent within the refugee commun group l7-25 as most vulnerable to hui exploitation. In the process of launchi these issues, BWYEP also provides specifically on HIV/AIDS for refugee
Women Acting Together for Ch.
Concerning the health of rural, disadv a community-based programme on . women's NGO emphasising on rights development, the programme consists
O Creating awareness on traffickin, meetings and information leafle O Health camps on prevention : sexually transmitted diseases, t testing of blood for AIDS and health; O Primary health care clinics a
volunteers and midwives; O Training packages to other NGC
Women (and Development Soci
WODES aims to support community. women to build their capacities thr generating activities for self-relia consciousness-raising so that they are By means of forums, women are draw Women, other gender crimes and the prevent these. In this context, Wor reproductive rights.
Women for Human Rights (WH,
Founded in 1994, WHR aims to provi who are victims of traditional violence of their legal rights and economic em activities.

tic violence and male dominance much ity, the NGO targets women in the age man trafficking and commercial sexual ng programmes to create awareness on programmes on health awareness -
, WOC.
ange (WATCH), Kathmandu, Nepa . 3p.
'antaged women WATCH has launched AIDS/STD awareness programme. A
-based participatory approach to rural
of:
g of women and rape through interactive :tS;
and dissemination of information on raining of health workers, anonymous counselling on women's reproductive
nd camps to train women as health
)s on non-formal education of women.
iety (WODES), Kathmandu, Nepal. P4.
-based women's NGOs to enable rural ough training, education and income ince and to empower them through
in a better position to make decisions. 'n to discuss the trafficking of girls and possible community interventions to kshops are held on women's sexual/
R], Kathmandu, Nepal. P4.
de support to single and needy widows . The NGO helps them to become aware powerment through income generating
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Women for Women Forum IW
This forum serves the poor, illiterate creating consciousness on gender iss activities centre around awareness prostitution, domestic violence, abort Importance is given to health issues : diseases by conducting free healthcal
507. Lak, Daniel. Frontier Sex-trad - http: newswww.bbc.net.uk/hi/ 22 July 2004).
This is a report from the Nepalese-Indi trafficking and illegal migration of w trade and forced labour. This is a joi security forces to combat the 'crossand children at large. Activists of Mait and rescue them. They are introdu rehabilitation process and helped to r
508. Laws on domestic violence so
Source - http://www.english.( March 2003.
The Ministry for Women, Children ar government has drafted a proposed trafficking. Accordingly, the governn concept of family court. The Secret Ministry surveys laws that discriminate and the various ministries being cons
509. Lhakapa Dolma Salaka-Pinas (Germany). 2000. Source - ht on 20 January 2003).
This article briefs on the status of Nep where gender discrimination and viole social norms and the state laws. Refer the physically handicapped, the art education, property rights and rel emancipation.

WFJ, Kathmandu, Nepal. P.5.
and under privileged women through jues and gender-based violence. Their -raising programmes on trafficking, ion and reproductive rights of women. and prevention of sexually transmitted mps, clinics and treatment.
2 Vigil. 24 November 2000. 4.p. (Source english/world/South asia/, accessed on
an border, on security operations against omen and children for purposes of sex nt effort of Maiti Nepal and the border country' sex trade that targets women i Nepal identify the victims at the border ced to skills training as part of the eintegrate with their families.
on. Kathmandu Post. 8 March 2001. laily/ktmpost/2001/ ; accessed on 19
ld Social Welfare has disclosed that the aw to curb domestic violence and girl ment was positively thinking about the tary at the Ministry revealed that the women in conflict with women's rights, ulted to initiate legal reforms.
a Sherpa. Women in Nepal. 2p. Hennef up.//www.nepal research.org/ ; accessed
ali women in the family and community ince arises out of deep-rooted traditions, ring to the status of married women and icle condones the need for Women's productive health care for women's

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510. Limbu, Ramyata. Health-Nep HIV-Positive. 8 October 1999. news/ips/1999/; accessed on 1
Health surveys in Nepal indicate that th to the prevalence of a large number
practices and the use of injectable dru large proportion of the HIV infected p efforts of Prerana that reaches out to support group, Prerana Works toward AIDS victims and their families. The needy and promotes the use of contra
511. Maiti Nepal. About Maiti Nep Source - http://www.maiti nep
The word 'Maiti' denotes a woman woman has no rights to acquire her fa against gender violence in particular women and girls that is a burning is: victims of violence Maiti conducts reh for victims of forced prostitution, Sex violence. Girls are the major benefic
512. Maiti Nepal. Annual Progr. Rehabilitation Project on G 2000. 14 p.
Information on action programmes provided through this report. Besides for prostitution and labour the NGO r and conducts training Sessions for So the achievements and difficulties e
programmes.
513. Maiti Nepal. Politics and Tr to combat trafficking. Trafficki Problem, Political Commitme Kathmandu, September 1999.
This report is based on the worksh parliamentarians were brought into (

all : Peer support gets dignity for the
2p. Source - http://www.aegis.com/ 6 May 2004.
le spread of HIV is significantly high due of sex workers. Through unsafe Sexual gs, the workers and their clients form a opulation. This article acknowledges the victims of the AIDS virus. As a peer S physical and psychological Support to NGO also provides counselling for the ceptives for safe sex.
al. Kathmandu. 14 August 2001. 2p. al.org/, accessed on 14 June 2003.
s natal family, where a married Nepali mily assets. This woman’s NGO works , trafficking and forced prostitution of sue in Nepal. While seeking justice for abilitation and counselling programmes ually transmitted diseases and domestic iaries of Such programmes.
amme Report 1999. Prevention and irl Trafficking (PRPGT). Kathmandu.
against trafficking by Maiti Nepal is raising public awareness on trafficking uns crisis centres for the rescued victims cial workers. Also, the report relates to incountered when implementing the
afficking Role of parliamentarians ng in Girls and Women : Solution to the nt and the Role of Parliamentarians, Kathmandu. October 1999. 38p.; annex.
hop conducted by Maiti Nepal, where liscussion, to improve the legal system
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and law enforcement machinery tow organised crime. Sensitising them on against Women, the workshop commits so as to formulate policies against tra
514. Maiti Nepal's prevention camp
Combat. Vol.2, No. 1. October
This is a report of an anti-trafficking women's NGO that set up preventio vulnerable groups. These camps prov of Sex Work and its impact on womer also provide non-formal education a have been rescued from traffickers families.
515. Malla, Sapana Pradhan. The effort to combat abuses of wome SAARC LAW Conference, Colo
Abuse of women and gender discrimi Nepal, due to the existing patriarchal This article probes the validity of Nepa of the state to eliminate gender-base addressing the women's issue under t
516. Malla, Sapana Pradham. W Nepal. P. 107-116 charts. Expe Hakone (Japan), 19-20 Novem March 2001.
This document is a critique of the cri traditional, gender discriminatory vi and girls. Using human trafficking as the paper deals with gender-related women in court room evaluating attitudes of the legal personnel t Recommendations are provided for f criminal justice system and the law end based crimes and provide justice to th
2

ards legal reforms on trafficking as an the issue as a public offence and a crime them to raise this issue at the parliament fficking.
s in the most vulnerable districts. P. II.
999.
g awareness campaign carried out by a n camps in various districts to draw in ide information on the negative effects h's health to people at grass roots. They und Vocational training to Victims who and need to be reintegrated into their
response of Nepal to the international in and children. P.48-55. notes. Seventh mbo, 24-25 October 1998.
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Women in criminal justice system in rt Meeting on Women and Legal Justice, ber 2000. Tokyo, Asian Women's Fund.
minal justice system in Nepal to address olence and the exploitation of women
an example and illustrated with charts,
crimes and concerns the situation of the efficiency of the legal system and owards victims of gender violence. future action in terms of improving the Forcement mechanism to address genderhe victims.
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517. Marie Stopes International [l
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518. Minnesota Advocates for Hun system. P16-23. Domestic viole 1998.
This document highlights the legal sy violence against women. Though wi violence has no legal provision under to the level of murder or attempted mu Biased marriage laws, minimal proper child marriage create an economic de makes her vulnerable to family violen
519. Minnesota Advocates for Hum P.... September 1998. [ Sou Issues Affecting Women.html
The report indicates that the Governr rights of women victims of family vi legal obligation as a member of the U prevalence of domestic violence in N organisation gives recommendations to violence. The recommendations are p
Declaration of Elimination of V n Reform of the criminal law syst
Reform of civil law; Consciousness-raising of the pu Training of medical personnel t Support to women's NGOs to domestic violence; Directives to the Ministry of Y gender-oriented crimes.

MSI). Sunaulo Parivar Nepal (SPN).
èproductive health and maternal/child gh their health clinics. As an outreach mps are conducted with the state health owns where women have limited or no endered by SPN include primary health, and ante/post-natal health.
han Rights. Domestic violence in legal 2nce in Nepal. Minneapolis. September
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ment of Nepal has failed to protect the olence, in contrary to its international snited Nations. While reporting on the Nepal and the inaction of the state, the ) address and prevent the issue of family rovided with regard to:
iolence Against Women (DEVAW);
em;
blic; o report and treat victims of violence;
research and document the extent of
Women and Social Welfare to address
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520. Minnesota Advocates for
Rights Program in South Asi, www.mnadvocates.org/ ISSues 17 July 2003).
This is a write-up on the women’s pro in Nepal, as a human rights abuse and in this context. The study has publi been provided for women's NGOs battered women and international legal This training enables them to lobby addressing gender crimes.
521. Ministry of Women and Soc Organizations working agains
CX.
This is a listing of non-governmen agencies and the state institutions aim efforts against trafficking. The ob. organisations to action are provided useful source to facilitate better acti social menace and as a crime against
522. Ministry of Women and Soci
and International Labour Programme on the Eliminati plan of action against traffic exploitation : An outcome of t. Elimination of Child Labour Kathmandu. 1998. 19p.
Trafficking of girls across the border f prevalent in Nepal. Based on the w priority, programme activities and in report Summarises the state commitm
Policy, research and institutiona Legislation and law enforceme Awareness raising, advocacy a Health and education;
م

Human Rights. Women's Human a : Nepal. 2001. p. Source - http://
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ial Welfare MOWSW. Directory of t Trafficking. Kathmandu. 20.... 42p.;
tal organisations, international donor ing to build co-ordinated and integrated jective, programme sites and partner under each agency. This directory is a on against eradicating trafficking as a
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ial Welfare (MOWSW), HMG Nepal Organization (ILO). International on of Child Labour (IPEC). National king in children and their commercial
he National Consultative Workshopson I, (Kathmandu), 22-24 April, 1998).
or Sexual work is a crime against women, orkshop objective to the national plan, volvement of partner organisations, this ert to eliminate the crime by means of:
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Income and employment generat Rescue and reintegration.
523. Mishra, Yamini. Unsafe Abo 3817. Economic and Political We 2001.
This article looks into the legal standa the question of the impact of unsafe abo laws in India and Nepal are taken as where the states ratify the CEDWA promotion of women's rights. Abortic punishable crime. This law however,
abortion and foeticide and a large nur grounds of illegal abortions. As a re. crude and unsafe methods resulting il poor maternal health. In the wake of this article infers that Nepal canno providing for safe motherhood and wo
524. Modus Operandi [ : Towards
children. S.n, s.l. 20... P... Against Women).
This document is an illustration on th the national efforts to counter the crim on human trafficking, polygamy, child abortion which are gender-related crim on the Participatory District Develop the state in Rupandehi district, aim sustainability for the rural poor.
525. National Planning Commissio
Law and women. 4p. Violence, The Ninth Plan (1997-2000). www.mahilaWeb.org.np/violence 24 July 2004).
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2

ion;
rtion and Women's Health. P. 3814ekly. Vol. XXXVI, No. 40. 6-12 October
rds relating to the issue of abortion and rtions on women's health. The abortion case studies from SAARC countries against discrimination of women and )n, according to the law of Nepal is a does not differentiate clearly between mber of women are serving penalty on Sult, abortions are performed through n high rates of maternal mortality and the gender-blindness of abortion laws, t end gender discrimination without omen’s rights for abortion.
zombating trafficking of women and Source - ICES Archives on Violence
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helps to control crimes against wome measures. Gender Equity and Wome formulated by the state to those sectors equality. In this context, NGOs are be on prevention, rehabilitation and co crimes. Under the public law of Ni However, prostitution and trafficking woman's will. The Public Offence & P does not provide legal safeguards ag violence.
This paper refers to abortion rights ol that helps to control crimes again rehabilitative measures. However, abor unless performed for the welfare of th
526. Nepal. P7. ARROWS for Chang
A o“national consultation to review the the state and NGO sectors to wo implementation of ICPD in promoting The issue discusses safe motherhood,
of sexual health, prevention and treat Tract Infections (RTI). The recomment Asian Regional Roundtable to be held
527. NepalNet KDS. Policy and L in Nepal. 2001. 5p. Source -h on 25 July 2003).
The laws of Nepal are based on traditic generational patriarchal family groups. to improve the legal provisions, relati rural women who are the prime targe and community. This web article expl tO:
e Abolishment of Sati (widow-bur O Child marriage and age of marri
* National Consultation on the Impleme
2004. From "A study of the legal system and of Nepal by New era, Friedrich Naum
2

through preventive and rehabilitative n's Empowerment National Network which need reform in terms of women's ing mobilised to conduct programmes nsciousness-raising of gender-related 'pal sexual offences are punishable. are so, only if committed against the unishment Act and the Defamation Act gainst sexual harassment or domestic
women, in relation to the Ninth Plan st women through preventive and ion is considered as a punishable crime, he pregnant mother.'
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o Property rights; O Marriage, divorce and polygam o Dowry system, and O Abortion.
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This is a news item on the police respo Supported by UNICEF, USAID and 1 cells and these would function unde committee. The programme also provi to handle cases on sexual violence, tra
529. Nepal: Women's Property Righ
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The House of Representatives has pass in March 2002. Besides guaranteeing daughters, the bill legalises condition. vote at the parliament. The abortion of permitted under any circumstance, wit by the state authorised medical practiti could abort the foetus up to 18 weeks history of Nepal this bill provides un parental property. In the case of widov to share a part of the husband's assets where it requires a woman to retur married, which in keeping with gend Aimed to eradicate the offences of chi imposed a strict penalty on these as f
530. NGO Contribution to Network
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ed the bill on property rights for women an equal share of parental property to al abortion passed by an overwhelming f foetus, up to 12 weeks of pregnancy is th the husband's consent and performed oners. Further, victims of rape or incest of pregnancy. For the first time in the married daughters an equal share of the ws or divorced women, they are entitled . However, the bill shows "loop-holes', n her parental property after she gets der equality is not a fair deal to Women. ld marriage, polygamy and rape, the bill )rms of crimes against the girl child.
ing. P. 5-6. [and] Awareness Materials bat. Vol.2, No. 1. October 1999.
he role played by NGOs in combating ex trade. Accordingly, the NGO network ublic information and launching action . In this context, Maiti Nepal and ABC
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Nepal are networking with Indian NGC repatriate victims of trafficking. The N besides brochures and newsletters to ra provide a table of NGOs against th produced.
531. Oxfam GB Nepal. Trafficking in statement of Oxfam GB in S. 2000. 4p.
Information on trafficking and forc traditional role of women in South Asi a gendered labour market and its W enhanced economic burden on women inheritance, legal autonomy and mob violence against Women and girl chi trafficking, forced prostitution
recommendations to the UN and state Trafficking and to those countries of
532. Park, Eric. Domestic violenc Lunscher. S.l. (Source - http://w 2003)
This article is based on an interview
refugee camps in Nepal, with a high l focus on the patriarchal traditions of abuse and marital rape within the cam that Nepalese and Bhutanese socials motherhood and that there is no socia
533. Parliamentarians versus Maiti the Border . Kakarvitta in 199 No.4, May-June 1999.
A campaign against trafficking of won Nepal to encourage the newly elect trafficking issue in the parliamentary by other NGOs and follow-up progral The organisation has intercepted 30 gi trafficked out of the country. The vic
ہیمبر كه

s with similar objectives, to rescue and GOs actions involve poster campaigns, Ise public awareness. The news articles : type of awareness-raising material
Women as Organised Crime. Summary outh Asia. Kathmandu. 26 October
2d prostitution in the context of the a is provided in this summary. As such, orldwide feminisation results in the . Denial of women's rights in property ility are the root causes of crimes of ldren, making them commodities for and labour. The report provides parties to the SAARC Convention on Drigin, transit and destination. .
'e against Women. Transl. Wolfgang ww.saw net.org; accessed on 19 January
with Bhutanese women residing in the evel of domestic violence. Case studies Bhutan, reflecting the patterns of wife p. The interviewees expressed the fact tructures do not acknowledge unwed1 network support for unwed mothers.
Nepal. P. 1. and Girls intercepted at 3. P18. Maiti Nepal Newsletter. Vol. 1,
len and children was conducted by Maiti 'd parliamentarians to incorporate the agenda. The campaign was supported
CS.
ls at the Nepal-Indiaborder, from being tims, mostly teenagers, were taken for
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counselling, rehabilitation and re-union a few cases of girl-victims so rescued, and non-formal educational programm
534. Poudel, Meena. Trafficking in W
No.2. May 1994.
This article concerns the issue of traffic and across the borders to other neighbo crimes against humanity. While tracin history, Poudel relates to the currents by the NGOs by raising awareness
pressure groups to lobby policy make to eliminate violence against women.
535. Pradhan, Gowri. Innocent Vic, across the Nepal-India border. Trafficking in Women, Bangko Women's Fund. February 1999.
This paper analyses the root cause acknowledging the existence of laws a On the issue of gender-related violence, towards the formulation of a new bill a challenges faced when combating tra learning lessons of experience, planning victim Support programmes.
536. Programme Advisory Comml Previous Experiences and Lesson the rule of law and reform of th (No. NEP/00/011 & 012). 1 Nov on Violence Against Women .
This document probes the judiciary a improve the legal and law enforcemen justice. In this context, donor agencies, have been active in the field of rule O gender as a tool for national developm
2.

with their families. The newsletter cites who are participating in skills training es sponsored by Maiti Nepal.
omen in Nepal. P 1-5. IMADR Review.
king women and children within Nepal During countries for sex trade and other g the roots of the crimes through social ituation where trafficking is addressed through popular media and women's rs, who formulate bills and regulations
tims . Trafficking in women and girls P 102-107. Regional Conference on (, 3-4 November 1998. Tokyo, Asian
of the problem of trafficking while nd policies against trafficking in Nepal. the Ninth Plan of Action has progressed against trafficking. The paper briefs on ufficking, lobbying for social change, strategies for intervention and launching
ttee to the Government of Nepal. s: Donor support. P3-5. Strengthening e judiciary : Draft program document. ember 2000. (Source – ICES Archives
nd legal reforms of Nepal that aim to It machinery for greater efficiency and and the community-based organisations flaw and judicial reforms, drawing in ent. This section of the report cites the
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action of The Asia Foundation (TAF) anc for Women's rights and their social par on women's rights and legal norms th level, NORAD implements programme for social integration for women. Th awareness on their rights, and to pro indigenous women in connection with
537. Q Home. Women Works in Nepal
Awww.saw net.org; accessed on
This is a community-based women's N and the upliftment of rural women. I provides training and awareness-rai women's health in Nepal. Programm reproduction with knowledge on sexu
538. Rana, Bandana. Nepal : The - m. women. Women in Action. Iss
WWW.isisWomen. Ohg/; accessed
Absence of property rights for Nepali
causes for violence against women. In the Constitution of Nepal carries pro highlights the actions of the Movement in terms of lobbying for legal reforms and public as their target groups.
539. Rana-Deuba, Arzu. Violence
violence. s.l., 19... 11p. Source Women ).
This report probes the issue of gender v domestic violence in Nepal. Women's national attention. Saathi is a womer domestic violence and has conducted a In collaboration with the Ministry of W have established a shelter home foi batt programme on violence against women. forms of gender violence, and have a p the public in order to prevent violence
2.

1 NORAD in implementing programmes ticipation. TAF provides a programme at address women's issues. At district es oflegal literacy and communication nese programmes aim to create legal vide legal aid to the rural poor and COurt CaSeS.
... s.l.. 17 August 1999. Source - http:/ 12 January 2003
NGO working towards women's health Based in Kathmandu the organisation sing on the Socio-cultural aspects of es are held on Sexuality, gender and ally transmitted diseases.
lovement for equal property rights for ue. 1, 19990. P... [Source — http:// on 13 January 2004).
women is found to be one of the major keeping with the ratification of CEDAW visions on gender equity. This article ; for Equal Property Rights for Women, with legal personnel, policy planners
against Women : Focus on domestic - ICES Archives on Violence Against
iolence in a social context, in particular NGOs are working to give this problem h's NGO working towards countering nation-wide survey on gender violence. 'omen & Social Welfare (MWSW) they ered women and launched an awareness They broadcast programmes on various oster campaign to educate and mobilise against Women.
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540. Radio jingles prepared and
media campaign. P. 12. Comba
MWSW and Redd Barna, Nepal hav prevention of trafficking of women an task force has been set up to carry ol radio and television programmes to a stories and briefs published in the n condones the impact of media campai
541. Rajbhandari, Renu. Trafficki 12p. South Asian Dialogue on Towards the Adoption of the February 1999.
This is a report of the act of traffic prostitution and bonded labour, traced Dueki system and child labour in Ne obligations of the country through V trafficking, and the need for state/N( this framework, acts that ensure elim the relevant programmes of intervent
542. Revolving fund instituted Lar activities and Women, Self-Re Combat. Vol.2, No. 1. October 1
This article documents contemporary violence against women in Nepal. The (MWSW) in partnership with the DTF revolving emergency fund for the ben rescued from borders. Besides, the se and Rehabilitation Homes (WSRR trafficking, reintegrating them in Soc generating opportunities to be indepe the ministry has implemented action I
O Situation analysis of Deukis, a O Consciousness-raising and advo
A form of temple slavery where wo Marriage is a taboo for such women a
2

| Redd Barna launches accentuated Lt. Vol.2, No. 1. October 1999.
'e launched a media campaign on the d girls in Nepal. In this context, a media ut this campaign through mass media - attract the attention of the public, with mainstream newspapers. This write-up igns on public and the parliament.
ng in women in Nepal : Country Report. Trafficking in Women and Children : SAARC Convention, Colombo, 11-12
king women and children for forced through the traditional practices of the pal. The paper delves into international arious conventions to eliminate human GO initiatives to address the crime. In ination through policies and laws, and ion are explored.
ld MWSW initiated action research liance and Rehabilitation Home. P. 16. 999.
news on state activities on countering Ministry for Women and Social Welfare (District Task Force), have instituted a efit of the victims of trafficking who are tting up of the Women's Self-Reliance H) serve to rehabilitate victims of liety and providing them with incomendent. In collaboration with ILO/IPEC 'esearch to evaluate:
nd their rehabilitation;
рсасy programmes.
men are socially sanctioned to the temples. nd often, they end up as sex workers.
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543. SAATHI. Social and Commun
Against Women and Girls : Tra 1999. 1 p. Kathmandu. Source 4 March 2003).
SAATHI a women’s NGO committed in the country has conducted training social and community intervention to girls in Nepal for participants from te The objective of the workshop was to
O Raise voices and organize ag violence in the neighbourhood; O Demand action from concerned violence, and to offer protectio O Lobby the men in the communi
Conducted in rural localities, the p chairpersons of the village developmel health workers, legal personnel, c housewives, and representatives f governmert sector who could influenc gender violence.
544. Saathi. The legal status of won Source - http://www.Saathi.org
In view of the women's status in the
has made special provision for Wome gender participation in national devel on the law of Nepal reflecting the Further, it examines the legal refo trafficking of women as expressed in
545. Saathi. A situational analysis in Nepal. Kathmandu. 1997. 5
Violence against women and girls in th but lacks data due to the sensitive n gender-related violence in order to br of women. While revealing the prevale the legal provision available to the vict

ty Mobilization to Eliminate Violence ining Report, November - December
- http://www.Saathi.org/, accessed on
o eradicating gender oriented violence workshops on raising consciousness on combat violence against women and n districts of rural Nepal.
ainst incidents of gender crimes and
authorities against perpetrators of such as Well as compensation for victims; [y to support their actions.
articipants included elected leaders, ht councils, school teachers, community ommunity leaders, media persons, rom various NGOs and the related e the community to identify and prevent
nen. 15 August 2001. [Kathmandu). 2p. g; accessed on 18 July 2003.
21st century, the Constitution of Nepal n's development in order to encourage opment. This article provides a criticism orthodox traditions of Nepali women. rms in marriage, child marriage and the new constitution of the country.
of violence against women and girls )p.; annex.; charts; map.
e Nepali society exists in different forms ature of the subject. This is a study of ng about positive changes on the status nce of such violence, the report explores ms of violence and the action of medical
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personnel, NGOs and the police in Recommendations are provided for ac
o Awareness-raising to the publi
crimes; O Victim support;
Legal reforms; O Legal protection to be provided
546. Saathi. Sexual harassment in p Results of a survey. Kathmandu
A Survey on the prevalence of sexual h by a women's NGO. The results of th
o Lack of definition, or laws agai O Attitudes of law makers and end
This report sheds light on possible so sexual harassment, and the scope for b - freedom of movement and freedom
547. Saathi. Violence against wome Madhuri Singh. Kathmandu. 19
Saathi is a non-governmental women's gender violence, particularly in the sp harassment in workplaces. The reports seminars, Workshops, orientation ses referral services for victims of violer consciousness towards gender-oriente this report gives statistics of a surv perpetrated against women - family, c.
548. Saathi. We can make a Diffe Kathmandu. 19... Source- ICES
This is a brochure providing the act women's organisation that assists gras action and counselling. Prevention of

handling the cases on gender crimes. tion programmes on :
2 and authorities dealing with gender
by law enforcers.
ublic places in the Kathmandu Valley : . 1994. ii, 23p.; tables.
arassment in public places, undertaken 2 survey indicate the:
inst Sexual harassment; orcers towards such violence.
cial and legal reforms on the crime of building a safe environment for women from fear.
'n in Nepal in its social context. Prp. ... 16p.; ref.
organisation committed to work against heres of domestic violence and sexual ummarises activities such as campaigns, Sions, broadcasting programmes and ce all of which aim to create a Social i violence. Annexed with case studies, ey on the various forms of violence ommunal, custodial and traditional.
rence, We must make a Difference. Archives on Violence Against Women).
ivities of Saathi a non-governmental S roots women through programmes of violence against women is one of the

Page 233
objectives and the programmes are im video-shows, workshops, art competitio and a national campaign to alert the pul violence. Saathi operates a shelter for b for victims of abuse. Literacy classes a level with educational scholarships for
549. Sancharika Samuha [SAS). M 2p. (Source - http://www.Sanch
Rape, domestic violence and dowry prevalent in the Nepali society that is gender atrocities through the mainstre public consciousness towards crimes a to the work of a woman's NGO in the society. Sancharika Samuha conducts of gender violence in the mainstream in report summaries periodically, att weaknesses of reporting trends in wo
550. Sancharika Samuha SAS). M violence in Nepal. Prp. Ban Con Sultation with the United Na Against Women, Colombo, 12-1
Stemming from the strong patriarcha cuts across class, caste and ethnic gro women. Sancharika Samuha, a wome of 'communication for gender equali media, deployed as a 'tool' to create a rights of women and their potential address domestic violence, media pro
O Gender sensitisation, patriarchy, violence for media personnel a o The monitoring of the mainstr
women-related issues; O Talk programmes and publica
women's feature service; Awards for Outstanding reports O Advocacy on gender equality in through programmes for lobbyi
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plemented through radio broadcasting, ls, training on promoting women's rights plic on the prevention of gender-related attered women and a counselling centre reconducted for women at community underprivileged girls.
edia Monitoring. 2001. Kathmandu). arika.org/ ; accessed on 19 July 2004).
-related violence against women are strongly patriarchal. Hence, reporting am media becomes important to build gainst women. This web article relates } area of countering gender violence in a monitoring programme on reporting hedia. This programme while producing empts to analyse the strengths and men's issues in the media.
1edia strategies for addressing family dana Rana. Asia-Pacific Regional ations Special Rapporteur on Violence 3 August 2001. P...
I tradition of Nepal, domestic violence ups as a major form of violence against h's NGO concerned with the promotion ty', conducts activities on the popular consciousness on gender equality, legal s towards economic self-reliance. To grammes are conducted on:
feminism, CEDAW and gender-oriented hd journalists; eam media for portrayal of gender and
tions for media personnel as part of
on gender issues; property rights and other related issues
ng;
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O A public forum to launch a 1
perpetrated against women and
The paper provides a summary of th monitoring programme and the obstac
551. SAWNET. Rights-Nepal : Lega 26 February 1999. lp. Source . 26 September 2003).
The Women's Rights Helpline Centre and counselling to victims of family V Independent Legal Aid Consultancy Ce while referring the clients to appropriat organisations - emergency shelter prevention, family planning and preve
552. SEDA, Nepal. STD/HIV Prev, Rambazar (Nepal). 30 July 199
Organization.htm ; accessed on
This is a project on the prevention
interventions among sex workers in ti with women sex workers, the projec employment, through skills training pro themselves have started a savings/ c facilities for small-scale enterprises in While providing information on the and skills practices by other organisat
553. Sensitization program yields fee
October 1999.
MWSW has implemented a sensitisati various districts of Nepal. According t - provided significant feed back on the measures of control as suggested by th to be a tool to mobilise the commun bonded labour and the denial of paren
2.

hovement against political violence
hildren.
2 social impact created by the media les faced.
laid, just a phone call away.... s.l. - http://www.saw net.org; accessed on
in Kathmandu provides legal advice iolence. A pilot project initiated by the ntre, the centre offers free legal services a support services provided by women's s, peer counselling groups, suicide ntion of human trafficking.
ention/Intervention for sex workers.
8. 2p. Source - http://www.Sapha.net/ 27 August 2003).
of sexually transmitted diseases and he various districts of Nepal. Working it has shown a scope for alternative grammes and loan support. The workers 'o-operative establishment with loan lulged in by many former-sex workers. roject, SEDA invites the experiences ons that work on similar lines.
'd back. P9-10. Combat. Vol.2, No. 1.
n programme on girl trafficking in the o this news report, the programme has various aspects of trafficking and the participants. This programme proves ty against trafficking, dowry system, al property to daughters.
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554. Sharma, Sushila and Lama, district management of refugee 1995.
The Centre for Victims of Torture (CV of torture, in particular, Women victim concerns the working programme of CW residing in the camps of Eastern Nep. counselling and psychiatric care for r provides training for women to help t
555. Shreshtha, Urmila Bhojpur Regional Conference on Traffick 1998. Tokyo, Asian Women's F
This paper looks into the issues and m and children in Nepal. Trafficking is women and children from rural, impo India, the Far East and the Middle E: state party to many UN Conventions. crime by means of:
Policy, research and institution Legislation and law enforceme Conscious-raising of the public Health and educational interver Income generation initiatives fo Rescue and rehabilitation of the
556. Shtrii Shakthi. State - Wom organisations. P. 26-31. Womer in South Asia, (Final Meeting),
Source - ICES Archives on Vi
This is a review of the role of non-gov of women's pressure groups and mc Pressure Group (WSPG) is the large agitating and lobbying against traffic This network also conducts programm of trafficking. The Nepali women's m reforms on domestic violence, and lob virtually non-existent in the Nepali la
4

Sangye et al. Rape Survivors : Nepal S. P. 8-10, notes. Torture. Vol.5, No.2.
(CT) is an NGO working with survivors is of rape and sexual abuse. This article VICT with women refugees from Bhutan al. While providing medical treatment, pe and torture victims, the programme he survivors.
e. Nepal Country Report. P98-101. ing in Women, Bangkok, 3-4 November und. February 1999.
easures to combat trafficking of Women a serious problem in the country where overished areas are trafficked across to asf. As a member of the SAARC and a , Nepal is committed to preventing the
al development; ht;
ntion; )r the rural poor; : victims.
en Interface : Mediation by civil and Governance : Democratic Process Hendala (Sri Lanka), 23-25 March 1999. olence Against Women ).
rnmental organisations in the formation ovements in Nepal. Women's Security est of them with 100 women’s NGOS, king of Women and forced prostitution. esto rehabilitate Sex workers and victims lvement organises lobbies towards legal by for women's property rights that are
W.
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557. SIG I Alert Archives. A mendir held hostage in Nepals parli
http://WWW.Sigi. Org/Alert/; acc
The Women's Rights Bill concerns the minimum marriage-age, liberalizi The Nepali women's movement anc support of all human rights bodies to
558. South Asia Partners Inter Responses to CSCE. P. 49-58 Children (CSEC) : A review of Colombo. December 2001.
The Government of Nepal has con Declaration and Agenda for Action, ba have been planned over the past yea based on the National Plan of Action private sector. As steps towards solvin programmes under the national polic children. An institutional network has levels represented by members from UNAgencies and political leadership Task Forces under this initiative. The trafficking, and a national task forc cross-border trafficking. While work children from being trafficked and ag the police department rescues the vic NGOs. Women's NGOs are concel consciousness on the evils of traff campaigns. NGOs aiming to abolish ti are working under the umbrella o Trafficking (NNAGT) and the Allia Children (AATWIN). Their major ac campaigning. Members of the networl while working to abolish the practi Nepal, WOREC, ABC/Nepal, S Punarsthapana Kendra, LACC and support and care through activities co
* First World Congress Against Comme
August 1996 Women's Rehabilitation Centre. Legal Aid and Consultancy Centre.
58,
59

ents to the Civil Code of Nepal, 2020, inent. 15 August 1997. 2p. (Source - 2ssed on 22 February 2003.
roperty rights of women, increasing of
ng abortion and heavy penalties for rape. the Consortium of NGOs request the pressurise the passage of this Bill.
national ISAP-I). After Stockholm . Commercial Sexual Exploitation of South Asia: Nepal perspective 2001.
mitted to implement the Stockholm sed on activities and interventions which 's. This chapter highlights the activities undertaken by NGOs, the State and the g the problem, the State is implementing y against the trafficking of women and been built at national, district and village Ministries, NGOs, international domors, ) with twenty-six districts forming their Nepal Police has a special unit to combat e has been set up to prevent local and (ing to prevent and protect women and ainst other forms of sexual exploitation, tims of trafficking and refer to women's ned with advocacy and raising public cking by means of public rallies and 'afficking and child prostitution in Nepal f the National Network Against Girl ce Against Trafficking in Women and tivities include advocacy, lobbying and ; work to rescue, rehabilitate the victims, e of human trafficking. CWIN, Maiti htrii Shakti, Shakti Samu ha Santi Nawajoti are actively involved in victim ncerning: -
rcial Exploitation of Children, Stockholm, 29
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Non formaleducation; Medical care; Income generating activities; Counselling and legal advice; Help-line services to provide aw: thorough information; booths at
Several international donor agencies a
O Micro-level projects launched by legal personnel and the primary e ILO/IPEC works with the Minis Welfare to strengthen staff capa e CWIN has established a Child help children engage in social their opinions and concerns to b O Promoting social awareness til negative impact of trafficking a
559. The People Tree. Women's Foi February 2002, s.l). 4p. Sourc on 20 January 2003).
The Women's Foundation of Nepal organisation with the purpose of suppo violence - family violence, harassmen prostitution and servitude and witch-h from the grassroots. Their programm responsibility and creating self-relianc practical education and awareness-rai WF also runs a shelter home for sur reconstruct their lives,
560. Trafficking in women and
exploitation. Combat. Vol. , NC
This news article provides information of Women and Social Welfare, used in women. Relating to the national policy international involvement in this task, t

areness to vulnerable groups of women
public transport terminals.
ssisting in the following areas:
| local NGOs drawing in law enforcers, school teachers; try for Women & Children and Social cities; Rights Forum in district schools that activities with opportunity to express uild their self-esteem; hrough media programmes - on the nd child sexual abuse.
undation of Nepal (WF). Kathmandu. e - http://www.ptree.co.uk/; accessed
is a non-profit motivated women's rting women victims of gender-related t by employers, sexual violence, forced unting, victimising women and children les are geared towards fostering social e through training in skills for income, sing on human rights and legal norms. vivors of violence and helps them to
children for commercial sexual p. 1. May 1998. 8p.
on the measures adopted by the Ministry order to combat the issue of trafficking to counter trafficking and the levels of he action programme encompasses the:
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O Setting up a national plan of act Consciousness-raising at distri partner-organisations;
Review of laws and their enforc Co-ordinating and networking \ Creating a task force at district Rescue, rehabilitation and reint Research and documentation of
SAARC members have taken up this i to the drafting of a convention on comt This newsletter provides an outline Colombo Summit in 1998.
561. The unacceptable face of trade July 2000. Source - http://www.o
Trafficking of women is considered a forced prostitution, forced labour and article focuses on the action of Oxfam in Nepal. Oxfam Nepal in collaborati Women and Social Welfare are workin to counter trafficking of women and community awareness on trafficking :
562. UNDP. YOU AND AIDS The Nepal at a glance. 2p. Kathma WWW.VOuandaids.org/; access
In Nepal, public access to the STD se condom for effective infection preve women, in particular sex workers and vulnerable to HIV infection. The N Programme (NAPCP) was established 1995 and the National AIDS COu representatives from the state, NGOs, Underlying the national strategy, th principles on multi-sectoral engageme involvement, stigma reduction, preve approach. State ministries have joint action, and creating consciousness thr
2

On, ct levels and sensitisation of working
ement, with NGOs and state authorities; level;
2gration of victims; the problem.
Sue at a regional level and this has lead bating trafficking and child prostitution. of the convention put forward at the
'. Oxfam GB Gender Newsletter. S.ll. xfam.org.uk/; accessed on 2 March 2003.
n organised crime, illegal immigration, as violence against Women. This news on preventing cross-border trafficking on with AATWIN and the Ministry of g at grass-roots, district and State levels girls, to punish traffickers and to raise is a multiple' crime.
2 HIV/AIDS Portal for Asia Pacific : indu). December 2004. Source - http:/ ed on ll January 2005).
rvices is still very poor and the use of ntion is not commonly known. Hence victims of human trafficking, are most Fational AIDS Prevention & Control in 1987. Also, a state policy drafted in ncil was established recently, with business community and civil Society. e State has adopted a set of guiding :nt, political commitment, civil society htion to care and a human rights-based y launched training on focal points of Dugh preventive messages, information
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and education on the issue. In support of and UNDP have developed a project ai
563. United Nations Convention o Discrimination Against Wom Committee on the Elimination ICEDAWI : Nepal. (Concluding (No.A/54/38, paras. 117-160). P.
The document concerns the commitme international convention against gender constituting half the population in the c cultural discrimination through roots O poverty and lack of education. CEDAW against abortion, which leads to unsaf maternal mortality. The state is urgec services for safe abortion. CEDAW rec prevented through family planning community. In keeping with the hig trafficking and child marriage, the com to abolish the above crimes.
564. United Nations Development Review : Nepal. Kathmandu. 20
Nepal's perspectives of the Beijing D terms of state policies and implementing The report reviews the gender mainstre the National Action Plan for Gender E Role of donor agencies and NGO parti and legal reforms are discussed, withs Asian Development Bank and the Wor
565. United Nations Economic an the Pacific UNECOSOC. N. programmes of the family in Asia
The status of women in the family syste in this report. With half the population gender equality in Socio-economic an
2.

the state initiative, UNAIDS, UNFPA ned at decentralisation of health care.
the Elimination of All Forms of an. Concluding observations of the of Discrimination against Women. bservations/comments). 1 July 1999.
nt by the Government of Nepal to an -based discrimination. Despite women ountry, they face economic and Sociof patriarchal tradition, combined with | expresses concern on the current law abortion practices and a high rate of to amend abortion laws to provide ommends that unwanted pregnancy be
services and sex education to the h incidence of prostitution, human mittee calls for a constitutional reform
Programme (UNDP). Beijing +5 )0.83p.; ref.; append.
eclaration and Platform for Action in strategies are highlighted in this volume. aming in the Ninth Five Year Plan and quality and Women's Empowerment. cipation in gender equity programmes pecial reference to those of the UNDP, ld Bank.
di Social Commission for Asia and pal. P99-116. National policies and and the Pacific. New York, UN. 1993.
m and patriarchal society are discussed of women, the country is committed to i political participation. The state has
3.

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formulated policies against gender dis and non-traditional sectors and educat reproductive health care, credit facili and employment opportunities.
566. United Nations Economic and for Asia and the Pacific. Nepa as human rights. New York, Un in Development - 2).
Nepal has its own idiosyncratic lega patriarchal Values of male Supremacy a of the constitutional guarantee of gende against women. Different penal provi rape depending on the age of the victin to the Social Stigma attached to the a during investigation and prosecution in is only permitted on grounds of the 'w ili-defined. An absolute ban on aborti unsafe abortions resulting in a high lev The Family Planning Association subr a certain restrictive clause - consent c rape and incest. Although the Human T with forced prostitution and sale of won with the consent of the Woman is ill-de sexual harassment act or that against do court or camera-court to facilitate cast concerning Women.
567. United Nations Population Ful in the field of violence against W ICES Archives on Violence Aga
The UNFPA Nepal country office suppo a national campaign to eliminate genc campaign and a protest rally, as part oft of violence against Women. Supported & Social Welfare has drafted a Bill court to deal with gender violence, pa
2.

crimination and violence in traditional on and training, with greater access to ies, technical skills, entrepreneurship
Social Commission (UNECOSOC) . P 110-113. Promoting women's rights ted Nations. 1999. (Studies on Women
l system based on traditional Hindu nd women's subordination. Irrespective r equality many laws are discriminatory sions are available for the offence of 1. Yet, many cases go unreported owing ct and the ordeal faced by the victim 1 an open-type court. Abortion in Nepal felfare of the mother the clause being on and its criminalisation has lead to el of maternal morbidity and mortality. nitted a Bill to legalise abortion within f guardian/husband except in cases of rafficking (Control) Act 2043 BS deals len, it is enforced Weakly as prostitution fined in the Act. The legislature has no mestic violence, and there is no family es on family violence
ld (UNFPA). Nepal. P2. Development "omen. [s.l]. [Unpublished J. [Source — inst Women.
its NGOs in their initiatives to launch er-based violence through a signatory heir global campaign on the elimination by the UNFPA, the Ministry of Women owards the establishment of a family ised by the parliament in March 2002.

Page 241
This bill is to be enacted with provision property rights, Succession and adopti public interest litigations filed which ch A project entitled "Beyond Traffickin Against Trafficking in Women and Gir that address the root causes to traffi border levels. Proposed activities focus the socio-economic conditions that m both public and the State commitment Rapporteur against Trafficking in Wo The Rapporteur will be responsible fo crime, monitor incidences and co-ordii efforts to combat trafficking. She wi Human Rights Commission of Nepal tc procedures and functions. Another initi based violence is on reproductive he
568. Upadhyaya, Predeepta. Women
126. Conference on Preventing Health Professionals and Servi 30, 1998. Source - http://www RR23.htm ; accessed on 15 Jan
This paper explains the inflexibility c crimes of infanticide and maternal c performed in the country. In this conte rights that attempts to liberalise the under specific circumstances. The paper also comments on the An abortion, as expressed in the Bill o punishment for rape, the bill provides foetus is conceived through incestuou
569. Uprety, Aruna. Abortion laws
Source - http://www.hsph.ha accessed on 17 July 2004.
Though abortion is illegal in Nepal, il high proportion of maternal deaths. Yet
' Translation/adaption of A Practica programme guide for Health Care Pro
مبر 4ے

s to abortion, rape, bestiality, marriage, pn. The provisions also address other illenged the gender discriminatory laws. g: A Joint Initiative in the Millenium ls' is launched to develop programmes king at regional, national and crosson prevention of trafficking by changing ake women vulnerable, by drawing in s and action. In this context, a National men & Children would be appointed. r bringing in conceptual clarity on the late national, regional and international l also work closely with the National integrate gender perspectives into their ative towards the elimination of genderalth care in Asia.
and Abortion Rights in Nepal. P 124Violence, Caring for Survivors : Role of Ces in Violence. Nepal, November 28"...gen dwaar. gen.in/Reproductive RightS/ uary 2004.
f the abortion law of Nepal that leads to leaths, as a result of illegal abortions (t, the paper reviews the bill on women's laws on abortion, permitting abortion
i-Rape Law in relation to liberalising n Abortion Law. Apart from rigorous for abortion on grounds of rape or if the s relationship.
in Nepal. s.l.. 15 August 2001. 6p. rvard.edu/grhf-asia/reprosaruna.html;
legal abortion is the major cause of the , the policy makers have never perceived
Approach i o Gender based Violence . A viders & Man, gers published by EC/UNFPA.
25

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abortion as a violence-related women effects of abortion on women's healt system. The author describes the Nep, the need for a parallel improvement planning services.
570. USAID. Office of Women. In women in Nepal. Washington D
This information bulletin is based on a and a survey of rural women (in 1997) of gender integrated development in groups have confronted a number of against Women in various forms. T campaigns against domestic Violence, and women. Likewise, they have reproductive health services, and lega
571. Utviklingsfondet. Nepal : Supp, 14 August 2001. s.l. 2p. Sour accessed 26 January 2003.
Women living in Lamjung district a oppressed castes, vulnerable to comm up is on COPPADES an internatic committed to assist these marginalize( Schemes, literacy programmes and ski them the organisation helps women fr interact and gain support for their soli
572. Women Acting Together for
Nepal. Appendix II, p. 17-18. In Migration and Trafficking in Wom
Relating to the sex trade in Nepal when the borders for the purpose of forced the causes for the crime as economic Nepali society. In this context, the pri discussed here. Women’s NGOs and crime through raising social conscious to formulate laws to improve the socic
2.

s health issue. This paper illustrates the h and its impact on the public health ili Movement to Legalize Abortion and
in women's access to health/family
Development (WID). Empowering C. March 1998. 4p.
study of six rural communities (in 1996) to assess the status of Women in terms Nepal. Sample surveys show that the social problems, in particular violence he rural communities have launched caste oppression and trafficking of girls instigated campaigns for improved reforms on women's property rights.
Ort for women's groups in remote areas. ce - http://WWW.utviklingsfondet.no/;
re predominantly landless settlers of unal and political violence. This write)nal community-based organisation Women's groups through saving/loan ls training. While providing support to om different social strata and castes to darity and empowerment.
Dhange (WATCH). Country Report : ternational Workshop on International en, Chiangmai, 17-21 October 1994.
e Women and girls are trafficked across prostitution, this report acknowledges und cultural, deep-rooted in traditional blem of “temple slaves' " (Deukis) is |ction groups are Working against this ness and by pressurising policy makers -economic status of women in Nepal.
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573. Women’s Foundation of Nep Program. Kathmandu. 1 p. 2 WWW. Womenfoundation. Org/pro
Witch-hunting is a traditional form of
tribal groups and indigenous communi the pretext of practicing witchcraft. conducts educational programmes to 1 witch-hunting arises out of superstitio The participants are informed about th and torture that they face. Members of “community watch” to report on suci victims, including medical treatment.
574. Women’s International Leagu Petition . To the Right Honour
P... Source - http://www.peac 19 January 2003).
This is a memorandum sent by the wo victims of rape. The groups demand tha should take rigid action against perpe in keeping with the United Nations Cl
575. Women's Legal Services. Fre
for women). Kathmandu. 19... Against Women .
This is a document by a communit organisation that provides free legal ai affected by violence. Established in 1 teachers and social activists, the NGO and representation services for indige iustice. This brochure highlights their
O Awareness-raising on laws; O Conducting legal literacy pro
• broadcasting; O Media broadcasting women's ri Training and Workshops on lega Pubication of guides and resou
2

a WF). Witch-Hunting: Education 0 February 2002. Source - http:// ects/ ; accessed on 16 June 2004.
violence perpetrated against Women in ties, where individuals are targeted on The Women's Foundation of Nepal 'aise awareness among the people that n and a form of gender-based violence. econdition of the victims, accusations WF have organised themselves into a h incidences and provide support for
te of Peace and Freedom. The Nepal able Minister of Nepal. 13 June 1996.
2 women.org/campaigns/; accessed on
men's groups on state attitude towards t the Police Department and government trators of rape and forced prostitution,
harter.
e legal aid services and legal literacy Source - ICES Archives on Violence
y-based women's non-governmental d, services and legal literacy for women 964 by a group of lawyers, jurists, law gives free legal counselling, mediation nous Nepali women who need gender
major activities in:
grammes through classes and media
ghts and legal issues; ul education; rces on gender and the law.
27

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576. WOREC launches a Botton-Up support, P 12-14. Combat. Vol.
This community-based participatory groups of women who wish to express prostitution. WOREC (Women's R organisation that has initiated a pro community in prevention of traffickin for Development and Population Activ were held for adolescent girls, women's a forum for discussion and to provi Accordingly, this programme has help
O Mobilise the community to work O Develop strategies towards a na
577. Youth mobilisation camp to el girls. P8-9. Awaaz. No.3. July
Saathi a woman's NGO has organise eliminate violence against Women ar Resource Development Society a loc by 100 youth from 16 districts with a p violence. The theme of this prograr mainstream of the movement to elimin discrimination by imparting gender se of advocacy.
See also Citation Nos, 100, 110, 1 968,971,976, 979,981,983, 984, 1022.

Advocacy Action Project with CEDPA , No. 1. October 1999.
roject provides a forum for vulnerable their opinion on trafficking and forced elhabilitation Centre) is a women's gramme at district level to draw the g. With the support of CEDPA (Centre ities), discussion groups and Workshops NGOs and community leaders to create de conceptual clarity on the Subject. ved to:
towards eliminating trafficking; tional plan of action.
iminate violence against women and 200.
d a youth mobilisation programme to ld girls. In collaboration with Human al CBO, this programme was attended eace march condemning gender-related nme is to motivate youth to join the ate Violence against Women and gender nsitisation, training and skills as tools
11-14, 117, 119, 120, 382, 963, 966, 985, 990,993, 994, 1002, 1012 &

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16 PAF
578. AASHA (Alliance Against S Conduct for gender justice at th
Source - http://www.aasha.org.
A major impediment to women who j based harassment at the workplace whe is an initiative directed towards activ policy makers at high levels to provid physical/sexual harassment ensuring : Evidently, a comprehensive code on
AASHA at the request of the Ministry ( & Special Education. With reference to countries this draft code encompasses t implementation of the code, mechan investigation process and the method ( the debate on the draft requesting the organisations and human rights groups, under the National Policy for Women
579, Adil, Adnan. Pakistan women's BBC New S. 1 November 2002.
A group of artists staged a play in Laho the country. The play includes them veiling for Women in State Services, patients, and women prisoners on cha. Staged at the National Human Rights of a campaign and includes video-docukilling of how traditional values ma protection/Support.
580. Afghan Institute of Learning (F
Voices. March 2002.
Health and educational programmes : which serves women and children dis oppressive policies and continuing ari care for nearly 100,000 refugees throug
2.

KISTAN
exual Harassment). The Code of te workplace. 4p. s. l). 26 April 2004. pk; accessed on July 2004.
oin the national workforce is gender
•re the victim faces the blame. AASHA e measures to mobilise and influence le and protect Women workers against n Safe and healthy work environment. workplace ethics has been drafted by pf Women Development Social welfare the work policies/legislation of other he definition of workplace harassment, iSms involved, complaint procedure, bf inquiry. The Ministry has addressed Support of the civil Society, women's , so that the code could be implemented and the National Plan of Action.
rights take centre stage. 2p. London),
re depicting violence against women in es on the coerced dress code of face han on male doctors to treat women rges of adultery under the Sharia Law. Commission, the performance is a part dramas on family violence and honour ke women suffer without any family
'esha war, Pakistan). P... Raising Our
are the main goals for this institution placed from Afghanistan as a result of med conflict. While providing medical h mobile clinics, the institution teaches
29

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basic education for young girls and honours their lives as women.
581. Afghan Women's Mission. En Bitter cold wave kills refugee chil January 200l. 1 p. Source -h fundraising/V2/emergency.pdf; :
This is an appeal made by the Afgha problems encountered by refugees in Ja facilities are inadequate to cope with and malnutrition among the refug Revolutionary Association of Wome refugee Support and protection.
582. AGHS Legal Aid Cell. Violence Lahore. 200p., glossary; plates.
Thousands of women of all ages a maltreatment ranging from domestic murder with many cases being unrep. the cases of violence against wome disadvantaged and discriminated again media this publication aims to focus nat gender-based Violence, in particular h attacks and to pressurize the Governme against the acts of violence commi individuals.
583. Ahmed, Eman M. [and Jilami
legal system and institutional Lahore, AGHS Legal Aid Cell.
Though the Constitution of Pakistangu to all citizens, women continue to S violence. This report examines the forn to, and the legal implications therein. of women, the report analyses the follo crimes - security rights, life, liberty and customary practices such as forced mal

interpretations of the Koran so that it
nergency relief for Afghan Refugees : dren. Urgent help is needed. California.
ttp://WWW, afghan Womensmission.org/ ccessed on 22 August 2004).
n Women's Mission in relation to the lozai Refugee Camp in Pakistan, where the poor living conditions of the camp gees. The Mission works with the m in Afghanistan (RAWA) in areas of
against Women: June 2000-June 2001.
nd in all parts of the country suffer
violence to torture, acid-attacks and Orted. The report summarises some of 2n, revealing how women are being st. Drawing information from the news ional and international attention towards onour killings, rape, murder and acidnt of Pakistan to take significant action tted by the law enforcers as well as
, Hina. Violence against Women : The responses : Country study : Pakistan. 20.... 36p.; notes.
larantees gender equality and protection uffer from all forms of gender-based ns of violence that women are subjected Based on the fundamental human rights wing aspects in terms of gender related the security of persons. Violence through rriage, child marriage, honour killings
30

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and torture are viewed through cases judiciary handles such cases in the wak on Society. The report specifically refer equality that has launched a forceful
gender-related crimes.
584. Ahmed, Firdaus. Act Now!. Sic 2p. s.l. 2004. Source - http://w ; accessed on 17 September 200
This is a web lobby appealing to Paki and practices to prevent gender-relate where gender discriminatory laws and r with pervasive institutional and judic human rights. This lobby calls upon thi discriminatory, in particular, the genc Ordinance (1979) and adopt specific family violence and penalises it accord has to allocate funds to improve and eX of violence, prioritizing the provisio dependents in networking with N comprehensive police investigations i prosecution by the criminal justice sy women's activism by offering protectic advocacy work.
585. Akbar, Sohail [and] Balch
Confounded . A critique of Pakistan. P. 181-222 notes, practices and strategies in Pakis Shirkat Gah Women's Resource
This volume is a gendered evaluation ( dissolution of marriage, lacunae in the problems, with the limitations on red divorce. There are various forms of spouses under the current laws. Howev towards women who initiate divorce a a wide social recognition is unilateral C husband. The authors, while exploring

tudies, and as in the manner in which ce of the impact of religious extremism 's to the movement in Support of gender campaign towards legal provision on
p violence against women in Pakistan. ww.weblobbying.com/lobbies/forward/ 4.
stani President to adopt stronger laws d violence against Women in Pakistan negative customary practices, and/along ial discrimination deny women their e State to repeal all laws that are gender ler-specific provisions of the Hudood legislation that criminalizes domestic/ lingly. As for victim support, the state pand medico-legal Services for victims n of shelters for the abused and their
GOS. The State should also en Sure n cases of gender violence and timely ystem. Moreover, it should strengthen on to those under "death threat for their
in, Cassandra. Confusion worse
divorce law and legal practices in
ref. Shaping women's lives : Laws,
stan. Ed. Farida Shaheed et al. Lahore,
Centre. 1998.
of the impact of the legal system on the : Family Law of Pakistan and procedural essal available for Women in times of dissolutions of marriage available for er, the dominant culture is antagonistic nd the only form of divorce that claims ral repudiation (Talaq) exercised by the g the statutory provisions and case law
31

Page 248
regarding various forms of divorce in limitations of Khula and the issue of victimized by a unilateral divorce. weaknesses Within the Statute law, le Women though oppressed make str framework of the available resources,
586. All Pakistan Women's Associal
(APWA). s.l. 9 November 200 unic/apwa.htm; accessed on 21
This website relates to the activities of with branches in the urban and rural ar women's emancipation, the association prison where free legal advice is provid on income generating skills, while teac Following their successful initiation discrimination to the constitution, APN that are gender discriminatory and un
587. Amnesty International recommendations to the Gove Violence against Women in the ni
|Source - http://www.amnestyus
Government of Pakistan, under relevar obligation to prevent, investigate anc children. Given the large numbers of ho women by their family members, Am crimes publicly and adopt strategies t given on legal, preventive and protectiv
588. Amnesty International. Pakista
of honour; London. September 17/99).
This report elaborates on violence aga the failure of the state to act on honou
' Divorce initiated by the woman.
' Dower or "bride price' returned at the t
2

a parallel legal system, draw upon the Mehr in providing redressal for those The paper concludes that despite the gal practice and customary practices, tegies for their survival within the outside the formal law.
tion. All Pakistan Women's Association
l. 2p. Source - http://www.un.org.pk/ July 2004). .
APWA that is a women's organization eas of Pakistan. While working toward has launched a project in the Karachchi ed for the women prisoners and training. hing their children at the primary level. of adding a clause on gender nonWA is pushing for legal reform on law Islamic,
-USA.Amnesty International's irnment of Pakistan, 3p. Pakistan : ame of honour. s.l. 6 September 2001. a.org/ ; accessed on 20 January 2003).
nt UN Conventions has an international l punish violence against women and onour-related crimes committed against nesty urges Pakistan to condemn such ) counter them. Recommendations are e measures to deal with honour killings.
in : Violence against women in the name 1999. 57p.; notes. (Al Index. ASA 33/
inst women in the name of honour and r' killings, Systems affecting the rights
ime of divorce
32

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of women and gender 'bias deep-roote judiciary. Amnesty provides recommer to end impunity enjoyed by the perpet
O Legal measures to protect wome
o Preventive measures of educatic
gender discrimination;
O Protective measures in terms of
of honour-related violence, perpetrators.
589. Amnesty International. Pakista 21 September 1999. (Al Index.
WWW.amnestyusa.org/; accesse
This is a report condemning the act family entrenched in tradition, where justice. Amnesty strongly urges the C and punish the perpetrators of "honour' that obstruct redress, remove contradi rights and ensure gender sensitivity to
590, Asian Development Bank (ADI in Pakistan. 2p. Dhaka. 16 Mar
In Pakistan, more than 30,000 women related complications, while 10 tim pregnancy- related complications. Th the government aims to reduce gender a of health care for which 20 districts in ADB the project has the following ob
O Expansion of health interventior care of childbirth, and control campaigns by women health wo O Developing women-friendly he le vel of first-referral by stre management and mobilising Soc O Capacity building of state instituti level; in order to Sustain Wome policy development and advoca
2.

d in the law enforcement authority and dations to the Government of Pakistan rators of honour crimes through:
in against honour-related violence; onal and media Strategies to overcome
support services for the women at risk counseling and rehabilitation for
n: Women killed in the nanne Of hOn Our. ASA 33/20/99). 2p. (Source - http:// d on 20 January 2003).
of "honour' killing of women in the : the murderers are rarely brought to jovernment of Pakistan to investigate crimes, amend gender oppressive laws ctory legal regimes affecting women's
the police and the judiciary.
3). ADB to fund women's health project ch 1999. (News Release No.012/99)
die annually as a result of pregnancyes more than that develop life-long, e Social Action Programme (SAP) of nd rural-urban imbalance in the delivery 4 provinces are targeted. Financed by jectives:
, in particular, family planning, skilled of communicable diseases, through rkers and the mass media;
alth care for the community up to the ngthening the district health care/ ial support to improve women's health; ons/human resources up to the provincial n's health care - project coordination,
Cy.
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591. Asian Development Bank Al Watan Welfare Society. 5p. [s.l} Gender/working/pak001.asp; a
Of the victims of burns in Pakistan, in tortured by the spouse/in-laws or subj Victims of such crimes face speci. rehabilitation and reintegration to the their spouses or Seen as “un marriageab of limited mobility. In response to established a Burn Care Centre il treatment for burn victims. The centre c para-medical personnel with heavily patients. Funded by ADB for spec conducts awareness raising programm CBOs, and medical staff. The project and care of burns, raising awareness victims, in particular suicide attempt: legal assistance to the victims is part considered a public health issue.
592. Asian Development Bank 1 Project: Khwendo Kor. 5p. 2002
Working/pak001.asp; accessed
Early marriage is a form of traditional \ from poverty and the lack of awarenes and good health. Khwendo Kor is a Wor of women and children that organist community level. The programme, encompasses issues on primary health, Social organization and advocacy ong an environment for girls' education, thi on the negatives of early marriage, en gender empowerment. Khwendo K organization for Women striving for the
593. Asian Legal Resource Cent killing” in Pakistan received b 3p. Hong Kong. 6 April 2004. IS on 19 June 2004.

DB). Pakistan : Burn Care Project :
2001. Source - http://www.adb.org/ ccessed on 3 March 2004).
host are young Women who have been ected to acid-throw in the community. all problems in terms of treatment,
Society as they are often rejected by ble due to the scars and in Some cases this, the Watan Welfare Society has n Peshawar since 1999 to provide omprises Volunteer specialists- medical/ subsidized treatment and care for the ial medical equipment, the project hes for police, health workers, NGOs, also produces pamphlets on prevention on the causes and treatment of burnS and incidental burns. Advocacy and of the agenda, as burn/acid-throw is
ADB. Pakistan : Girls' Education
* Source - http://www.adb. Org/Gender/ on 3 March 2004.
fiolence against the girl child stemming S. prohibiting their rights to education men's NGO striving for the development es projects on girls” education at the
besides its component on literacy Women's micro-enterprise development, ender issues. While enabling to create S programme raises their consciousness couraging Women's education towards or (Sisters' Home) is a non-profit empowerment of women and children.
re (ALRC). Statement on "Honour y the Commission on Human Rights.
Ource - http://www.alrc.net/; accessed
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ALRC is gravely concerned over the co in Pakistan where the traditional 'Ji honour crimes. This statement urges call upon the Government of Pakistan Jirga and “Panchayat based parallel sy legislation prohibiting honour recommendations of the NCSW are accordingly.
594. Asian Partnership for Huma Pakistan holds workshop on t Programme Against the Traffickin the programme. s.l. 2003.
regional traf act2.php. ; accesse
A two-day national consultation/wo Pakistan in Karachi on 5-6 May 2000, d aiming to open up women's shelters fo survivors of trafficking. Evidently, sex rescued from traffickers face the risk of diseases including HIV/AIDS. CARIT, women in prisons also be sent to the s them regain their health and self-dignit
595. Associated Press of Pakistan Mothers' Project. Lahore. 13 A
Pakistan is among the 6 countries selec roots women. This project is implement of International Gynaecology and Obs women's reproductive rights and wor covering the following topics:
Women's rights to life and viole AIDS and discrimination; Rights to contraception; Unsafe abortions; Female Genital Mutilation.
63
64
Tribal justice system. Village council/court.

intinuity of honour killings of women rga system is the prime protector of the Commission on Human Rights to to take the necessary action to stop the stems run by feudal landlords, to enact killings and to ensure that the implemented and the laws amended
n Development (APHD). CARITAS rafficking. 3p. South Asia Regional g of Women & Children: Activities under
Source - http://www.aphd. or, th/ d on 20 January 2003.
rkshop was organized by CARITAS rawing in local and international NGOs r rehabilitation of sex workers and the Workers, women prisoners and women further violence - sexually transmitted AS has appealed to the government that shelters for vocational training to help
y.
(APP). Pakistan selected for "Save ugust 2001. P...
ted to launch a health project for grassled with the assistance of the Federation tetrics (FIGO) to impart awareness on men's health to medical professionals,
nce against Women;

Page 252
Through this project, women in the mai health Services to promote better hea
596. Aurat Foundation. About Aur Source - http://www.brain.net
This is a women’s NGO based in Lah laws in Pakistan, on state inaction pe women. The Foundation, along with m has set up the Legislative Watch Group are likely to affect legislation concerr with legislators to pressurise for gend
597. Aurat Foundation. Calling m
girls. Ip. s.l. 6 June 2001. genderviolence/sld-2050.html;
Aurat Foundation, a women’s NGO v that when men who resort to gender. from their own community in defense the message to end violence against calls upon all men to end violence again organizations and NGOs in the task of
598. AUS Health International. Pa 2004. Source - http://www 18 February 2004.
Gender-oriented violence against wo health but this cause is often oversee project, funded by ADB and implem following components:
O Expansion of basic interventio o Development of gender-friendly
health care for the community O Capacity building of instituti women's health in the long ter.
عبر 4

ginalized sectors of Pakistan will receive lth and safe motherhood.
at Foundation. Lahore. July 1998. P... pk/; accessed on 13 February 2003.
ore, documenting gender discriminatory rtaining to the issue of violence against tembers of other women's organizations, to monitor the law making bodies which ling women, and to develop networking er-related action on behalf of women.
en to end violence against women and (Source - http://www.com minit.com/
accessed on 20 December 2002.
which works at district levels has found -based violence are confronted by men of the victimized women, the impact of Women is much greater. The foundation st Women and to cooperate with women's
creating a violence-free society.
kistan : Women 's Health Project. 2p.[s.1]. ahi.com.au/projects/ ; accessed on
omen has a strong impact on women's n when providing health services. This 2nted by the Ministry of Health has the
ns on women's health; district health systems, providing quality up to the level of first referral; ons and human resources to improve
.
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Targeting 20 districts in 4 provinces, the health services for women, girls anc counselling.
599. Baldauf, Scott. A Bold move on
judge heads efforts to recomme P. Christian Science Monitor.
This document is an exploration of the the Status of Women (NCSW) workin, violence, where Ms. Rizvi the chairpe about traditional practices and custo crimes of family violence, stoning to Further, issues of coerced dress code, trading in marriage of women to sett challenges faced by the NCSW. The the removal of laws that were added disproportionately, often with no legal of women in Pakistan, the commissio: the current laws affecting women's rig
600. Bano, Shamin. Violence ag proportions. Karachi NewS. 3 A
Statistics collected by various human ri against women is on the increase, in p: acid-throw and family violence. As su government to restrict the clandestines to perpetrators of acid-throwing'.
protection to victims of violence and
gender-based violence - The Hudood,
601. Bill to curb menace of "honour Paktribune. 21 April 2004.
The crime of honour' killings, sancti Pakistan has led to the murder of wom from rural, tribal backgrounds. Wome in their attempts at political participatio forms of violence in focus, the Ministry a bill currently under review by the Mi
2.

: project utilizes its resources to provide children and to train personnel for
Women's Rights : A female Pakistani ld changes on how law affects women. February 2003.
efforts of the National Commission on g to counter gender discrimination and rson of the commission is concerned ms detrimental to women - 'honour' death and gang rape as punishments. 2arly marriage, denial of education and le community disputes are additional commission takes efforts to pressurize to the constitution to convict women counsel. In a recent report on the status in provides recommendations to amend ghts.
gainst Women as suming al arming April 2004.
ghts groups show that cases of violence rticular, incidents involving torture by ch, women's NGOs have demanded the ale of acid and award stringent penalties The state is urged to sanction legal evaluate the current laws dealing with
Qisas and Diyat Ordinances.
’ killing, “Karo Kari” soon : Niloufer.
oned by the traditional legal system in en in large numbers, in particular those n have also become victims of violence n and as detainees/prisoners. With these pf Women's Development is presenting nistry of Law Affairs to arrest honour'
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crimes against Women and to ensure the system. In order to counter gender-b organisations are launching awareness Assisted" by the European Union, t effectiveness of the judiciary and legal Values and to combat violence against killings.
602. Bina Roy Partners in Develo
development centre for young
http://www.ifu W.org/, accessed
This document is a briefing of the sk the Pakistan Federation of University W and feminine hygiene programme foi familie S. PFUW - a Women'S NGO als and computer skills, helping more tha
603. British Council, Pakistan. Ge 2004. Source - http://www.brit on 22 January 2004).
GEP is a flexible fund provided b International Development, managed b and civil society activities promoting leads to an umbrella framework to
government and civil Society in areas o against Women, and Supports the revi and Women's access to the justic organizations working towards wom support for drafting legal framework legal literacy, legal aid and counsel country’s Post-Beijing National Pla supports activities to combat violence rehabilitation of victims of violence, W. the family planning initiatives of the St promoting Women's reproductive hea
604. Capital Police. Islamabad, F Islamabad. 2001. 1 p. Source-h 21 October 2003.

that women councillors be involved in based violence against Women, women's raising programmes on Women's rights. he programmes aim to increase the sector to enforce laws to protect human Women, in specific torture and honour
pment Programme - Pakistan. Skills women. Karachi. 2001. 1 p. Source -
on 19 March 2003.
ills development centre established by Women (PFUW) that conducts vocational r adolescent women from urban, rural O conducts courses in English language in 300 women to become self-reliant.
nder Equality Project [GEPJ. 4p. [s.l). ishcouncil.org/pakistan.htm; accessed
y United Kingdom's Department for y the British Council for the government gender equality in Pakistan. The project Strengthen institutional capacities of if protection from gender based violence Sion of laws hindering gender equality e System. State/non-governmental en's legal empowerment are provided S concerning gender issues, as well as ling for women. Contributing to the n of Action and CEDAW, the project against Women - Strategies to address omen refugees and prison reform. Under ate GEP provides assistance to activities . lth and well-being.
'akistan. Police Stations for Women. ttp://www.islamabad.net/, accessed on
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The initiative is an out-come of the si and gender equality, where the police de for Women in the Islamabad capital ter. victims of gender-based abuse to lod officers to handle their cases, in parti and provide shelter and Safety to the v
605. Catholic Relief Services C
[Source- http://www. CrS. Org; ac
This is a web site of a church-based N community organizations in promoting refugees from Afghanistan, living in high rates of maternal mortality, wc transmitted diseases. The CRS and its a health programme to the refugee co Awareness Group providing Support a by HIV/AIDS and to their families. C Development Foundation (MRDO) a c rural, poor Women, through awarenes:
606. Canadian International Devi Whelan announces $10.2 million children in Pakistan and C provides basic education to Af http://WWW. acdi-cida.gc.ca/; ac
This documents the Gender Equality the Canadian International Developme violence against women, trafficking
health, women workers' rights and thei Foundation, a local NGO promotes wo assisting the newly elected women cou effectively through services provided in various districts. The Foundation, th to information on women’s issues rela local development.
607. Canadian International Devel the field: Women's health in Pa, http://WWW.acdi-cida.gc.ca/; ac

late policy for women's empowerment partment has established police stations itory. The Women's Stations encourage ge complaints through Women police cular, pertaining to domestic violence, ictims.
RS. Pakistan. November 2001. P... cessed on 29 January 2003).
NGO working in partnership with focal the Socio-economic bearings of women Pakistan. Affected by malnutrition and omen are also vulnerable to Sexually artner organizations have implemented Dmmunity - New Light AIDS Control ld counseling services to those affected RS has collaborated with Marvi Rural ommunity-based NGO, to empower the S raising and Vocational training.
elopment Agency (CIDA). Minister for women's rights and Afghan refugee inada promotes women's rights and ghan refugees. 3 July 2002. Source - :cessed on 22 September 2002).
Programme in Pakistan, supported by nt Agency (CIDA) initiatives to combat of women and children, reproductive ir basic education. In this context, Aurat men's participation in local governance, ncilors to exercise their responsibilities by Provincial Resource Centers set up rough networking, provides them access ted to the legislation, human rights and
opment Agency (CIDA). Stories from kistan. [s.l). 2p. 13 May 2003. [[Sourcecessed on 20 July 2003.
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Pakistan faces an enormous challenge O in a country with a high rate of materna women health professionals have beer made to increase the number of wome areas of primary health and nursing ca professionals is a joint initiative by thi University of Hamilton and funded by C a Bachelor of Nursing Programme on and to create a strong network of nur train women health visitors in primary services, with a special focus on matern in particular, Sanitation and vaccinatic Evidently, these training sessions tho have proven to be beneficial at the gra
608. C ME L (Centre for Islami INTERIGHTS (The Internati of Human rights). Pakistan. p.2, "Crimes of Honour". London. I
Women's organisations, human rights state officials and community-based ol gender-related crimes in Pakistan, in violence against women detained und marriage and child marriage. This directory outlines the activities of Commission of Pakistan (HRCP), La (LHRLA) and the Pakistan Women provide legal assistance and counsellin campaigning against honour crimes. The directory serves as a tool to networ planning and to facilitate co-operation violence against Women.
609. CIMEL (Centre for Islamic & (The International Centre for t Case summaries : Pakistan - M
Khokhar & Ors. I 1999 || 2 C bibliography: Crimes of honour.
This is a case of forced marriage and S by a woman against her family mer
2.

f delivering quality health care/services mortality in the world, as traditionally few and far between. Efforts are now n health care givers, specifically in the re. The development of women health e Aga Khan University and Mc Master IDA to train trainers in nursing through basic educational/ training in nursing 'sing institutions. The trainers in turn, health care and provision of outreach al and child health. Basic health advice, Dn are part of the health care services. ugh deployed with limited resources, Lssroots level.
c & Middle Eastern Law) and onal Centre for the Legal Protection 5-31. Directory: Initiatives to address December 2002.
bodies, lawyers, activists, researchers, rganisations are involved in combating particular honour killings, abductions, er the pretext of 'safe custody, forced
AGHS Law Associates, Human Rights wyers for Human Rights & Legal Aid Lawyers Association (PAWLA) who g for women victims of violence, while
k and exchange information on strategy among activists/institutions to combat
& Middle Law) and INTERIGHTS he Legal Protection of Human rights). s. Humaria v. Malik Moazzam Ghayas HRLD 273. P.56-57. Preliminary London. August 2000.
ubsequent police violence, as reported mbers and the law enforcement. The
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summary highlights the court ruling t existing religious laws. This bibliog "Strategies of Response to Crimes of a variety of resources with case studi
610. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. A Afghanistan (1-13 September 1 of women and the gender perspe of the UN Special Rapporteur o and consequences Ms. Radhika Commission on Human Rights re notes. (E.CN.4/2000/68/Add.4).
This report refers to the issue of wo camps of Pakistan and evaluates the de of Pakistan and NGOs that are comn regard to the influence of religious ex Pakistan, the document emphasizes the Women's Network (AWN) and the Al camps of Pakistan. These two organi, of gender violence and focus on issues care, security, employment and access t rights : Gender awareness in Islam' Cooperation Centre for Afghanistan (CC communities for women's human righ provided through “Women at Risk R The Rapporteur recommends that the ( efficient and adequate protection to el particular against police harassment o
611. Draft on Karo-Kari to be pres Asian Human Rights Commissio Vol.5, No.47. 2 December 20 accessed on February 2004.
Pakistan Press Foundation has organize system esponsible for violence agai Assembly has formed a joint committe proposed law against honour crimes violence against Women, in particular c

hat the marriage was invalid under the aphy is a part of the project entitled Honour” and includes annotations from es from several countries.
ddendum : Mission to Pakistan and 999). Integration of the human rights ctive: Violence against women: Report n Violence Against Women, its causes Coomaraswamy, in accordance with the 'solution 2000/45. 13 March 2000. 21 p.;
men refugees from Afghanistan in the gree of refugee care by the Government hitted to protect women's rights. With tremism upon gender related issues in role played by women's NGOs - Afghan fghan Women's Council (AWC) in the zations provide assistance to survivors relating to the lack of education, health o legal aid. A programme on "Women's was held for refugee women by the A), with the support of the international ts. Assistance for women refugees was 2settlement Programme " by UNHCR. jovernment of Pakistan should provide nsure the safety of women refugees, in f the displaced.
ented at next PA Session report. P... n: Religious Groups for Human Rights.
03. Source - http://www.rghr.net/ ;
d a session on honour' killings, a feudal nst women. Evidently, the Provincial e to formulate recommendations on the ... The forum also elaborated on sexual hild victims who develop psychological
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disorders as a result of abuse. It was re need to be sensitized on the issue, as
612. End Abuse. Family Violence C Spotlight : Pakistan. P... [s.l). Ju resources/facts/; accessed on A
The Supreme Court of Pakistan has c "honour crime - a teenage tribal girl tribal council as a punishment for the old brother. Police investigations show her family and while the trial proceed adequate compensation to the victim. award for her courage in reporting th against women often goes un punishec
613. Evidence Pakistan. P 12-13. E
No. 16.5. March 2004.
This section of the newsletter comp; Shahadat Order, 1984) and the Offe. Ordinance of 1979 where a victim of males as witnesses to prove the crime. of Pakistan Says that "...all citizens a to an equal proportion of the law; tl basis of sex alone'. In the backdrop O UN Women’s Conference, Beijing ] struggling for Women's justice appeals amend the above laws and abide by constitution, to provide justice for WC
614. FSC Acquits two women conv April 2004. Source - http://w 15 September 2004).
Two women allegedly convicted for rul Sharia Court. The accused were taken the crime was not proven the Sessio
o Ms. Mukhtaran Mai from the village o
2

'commended that medico-legal officers part of their training.
rime Prevention Fund. International
uly 2002. [Source - http://endabuSe.org/ ugust 2003).
rdered further inquiry into the case of who was gang-raped on the orders of a alleged misbehaviour' of her 11 year that the charges were fabricated against is the Government of Pakistan has paid Subsequently, she was given a bravery e crime "...in a Society where violence
.
quality NOW Women's Action. Update
ares the Law of Evidence (Quanun-e- nce of Zina (en forcement of Hudood) rape needs at least four Muslim adult Whereas, Article 25 of the Constitution re equal before the law and are entitled here shall be no discrimination on the if the Platform for Action following the 995, Equality Now a women's NGO to the Government of Pakistan to repeal/ gender equality as sanctioned by the men victims of sexual violence.
icted in Hudood case. Paktribune. 29 W.W. paktribune.com/news; accessed on
nning a brothel are set free by the Federal under the Hudood Ordinance and though hal Court awarded them imprisonment.
f Meerwala, South Punjab, Pakistan.
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Subsequently, the convicts filed an app The court has also issued notice to imprisonment to be sanctioned to the the premises of the women concerned
615. Fox, Ted. Pakistan senators r
September 1999.
Human rights activists and women's the House of Parliament to protest the of honour' killings, of which women Senate are vehemently opposed to a murder and provide sentences accordin ratifies the UN Convention on the Elin Against Women. The Human Rights C the way the Senate views this gender have shown consensus.
616. Good Practices Projects D Mothers' Groups for commun and health themes : Health, F
WWW.Sdnp. undp.org; accessed C
This project design shows that in Pakis community level can lead to awarene transmitted diseases and birth contro Groups. On grounds of preventive hea the community to adopt contraception motherhood and family health. This dat rural women are mobilized to elimina health of women.
617. Court takes up women's dela
Vol.X., No. 1. April 1998.
A state response for the release of theme of this news report. The Sindh
trials that have affected many women p rights, the court has been ordered to m all pending cases of women detainees

eal to FSC whichacquitted them both. the Advocate general to determine complainants for breach of privacy at
tify "honour' killing. Human Beams.
NGOs staged a demonstration outside stand taken by the Senate on the crimes are the major victims. Members of the move to deal with honour' killing as gly, though the Government of Pakistan hination of Al Forms of Discrimination ommission of Pakistan has condemned issues on which all the political parties
Database. Project : Strength en ing ity action in the areas of population GM. S. l. 2001. 2p. Source- http:// on 14 September 2002).
tan the social mobilization of Women at ss-building on health issues - sexually l, through the formation of Mothers' lth and family planning, they encourage and other birth control devices for safe abase concerns women's projects where te violence related to the reproductive
yed trials. P. 13. WLUML NeWSheet.
women detainees and prisoners is the High Court has accommodated delayed risoners. On grounds of women's human onitor monthly proceedings and dispose
and prisoners.
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618. Government of Pakistan. Mini
Welfare and Special Education. undertaken. 4p.s.l. 2002. Source ; accessed 20 January 2003).
Crisis centers for women in distress Women in 2 locations -Islamabad an aid to the victim/survivors of violenc centre comprises members of NGOs, pilot project would lead to the setting women at grass roots levels. The m Protection Project to combat crime ag administration institutions, police stati and counseling centers. The projec identifying the nature/incidence of ge to the victims.
619. Grantmakers Without Border s.l. August 2001. 1 p. (Source 4 January 2003.
This Web page provides information on donor agencies for the Afghan wom Women's issues in displacement, fund health clinics for Women and childrer agencies also provide support towards w secondary schooling and teacher train
620. Gulfflesh-traders recruit wome
2001.
This is a news article on the seriousne works of ActionAid in Pakistan. A si that Pakistan, in particular the North
the center' for cross-country trafficki police authorities. The law enforceme the elements of poverty and corruption their parents sell-off the daughters in t the husbands' traffic them across for

stry of Women, Development, Social Women's Rights: Major activities initiated/ : -http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/ministries/
have been set up by the Ministry for i Vehari, to provide medical and legal e. The management committee of the egal personnel and state officials. This up of more centers in rural areas to help inistry has also established a Family ainst women in collaboration with law ons, prisons, police-citizens committees it has commenced with a survey on nder crimes and the services available
's. Afghanistan, funders and resources. - http://www.gwob.net/; accessed on
he availability of small grants by various en refugees in Pakistan. Focusing on ing is granted for emergency relief and ) living in the camps of Pakistan. The vomen’s education viz., home-schooling, ing programmes for women refugees.
n for NWFP. The Friday Times. 9 May
SS of human trafficking, relating to the tuational analysis by the NGO reveals Western Frontier Province (NWFP) is ng of women and girls as confirmed by nt authorities are aware of this, but with 1 in society trafficking is possible when he name of marriage to strangers, and forced prostitution and labour.
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621. Haider, Zeeshan. Pakistan rule 2p. Islamabad, Reuters Founda WWW. Shiachat. COm/forum/ ; acci
In this article, the President of Pakista that are discriminatory towards wome review of the Hudood Ordinance where be charged for adultery. In this conte Pakistan (HRCP) indicates an alarmil rape and honour crimes against communities. Secular political groups as well as scholars and legislators col Koran have indicated that violence a passage of the ordinance.
622. Human Rights Commissio Commission on the Status of W. 1979. Islamabad. 5 p.
The National Commission on the Stat 1999 to advice on eradicating laws th Ordinance introduced in 1979, relate coupled with the subsequent enforcem It was found that these Ordinances, in Women, subjected them to sexual violen Hundreds of women victims of rape/g Zina and faced endless suffering as the unscrupulous elements to perpetrate cru pressure of women's rights activists,
punishment. Hence, a special committ the Ordinances. Subsequently, the ma that the laws should be repealed and the be restored to bring in gender justice a
623. Human Rights Commission vulnerability . Female under-tri tables; annex.
o Zina — Adultery ; Qazf-False accusati
The Quisas and Diyat Ordinances are a murder, attempted murder, and the crim
67
24

r wants review of strict Islamic laws. tion. 15 May 2004. Source- http:// 'ssed on 12 August 2004.
n has called for a review of those laws n. Hon. Musharaaf has called for the the victims of rape/sexual abuse could xt, the Human Rights Commission of g increase in the number of cases of women belonging to tribal/feudal , civil Society, Women's organisations forming to the teachings of the Holy ainst Women has increased since the
n of Pakistan [HIR CP). National omen's Report on Hudood Ordinance,
us of Women (NCSW) was set up in at are gender discriminatory. Hudood s to the offence of Zina and Quzf, ent of "Quisas and Diyat Ordinances. (stead of providing legal remedies for ce, as instruments of gender oppression. gang-rape were eventually accused of essence of the laws were exploited by lelty on women. Through the sustained no woman was subjected to extreme ee of NCSW was appointed to review ority of members have recommended Driginal laws with regard to the offences s enforced in religious laws.
of Pakistan (HRCP). Profiles of al prisoners in Punjab. Lahore. 27p.;
). body of Islamic criminal laws dealing with e of causing bodily "hurt'.
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A study conducted by the Human Righ detainees in prisons, in order to reveal The survey is based on women prisone into custody under the Zina Ordinan statistics on detainees, nature of the c protection provided. Recommendation as special training of the law enforcen specifically condones the need to refor as recommended by the Commission of to women's rights.
624. Human Rights Watch. Crime O Pakistan. New York. August 19
This report explores the limitations of crimes - domestic and sexual Violence analyse the gendered obstacles in complainants of gender crimes, medic the discriminatory assumptions of the seeking redress. In the conclusion, th the Government of Pakistan as reform
O Legislative and regulatory pract o Police procedures and rules for O Medico-legal practices; o Prosecution services; Q Victim support and rehabilitatio
The report also provides suggestions
is a member state, and to international
the Government of Pakistan to bri infrastructure and reforms to address women who seek redress as a result
agencies should prioritise their funds t - legal aid, medical and counseling, an a process of gender sensitization.
625. Humanitarian Action for W HAWCA). HAWCA helps peop
1 p. [Source- http://2FWWW, ha W
2

its Commission of Pakistan, on women the violation of women's human rights. ‘rs under trial, in particular, those taken ce (1979) and other religious laws - harge, arrest patterns and the level of S are provided for legal reforms, as well nent agencies and judiciary. The report 'm criminal laws and prison conditions, Inquiry for Women (1997) with respect
r Custom? : Violence against women in 98.
f State responses to the issue of gender towards women in Pakistan. It seeks to terms of police attitudes towards o legal examination of the victims and brevailing court System towards victims e document States recommendations to
S 1
ices; complaints and investigation;
to the United Nation to which Pakistan aid agencies that they should pressurize ng about improvements in the legal some of the basic obstacles faced by of gender-based violence. Further, the o provide basic services for the victims d to train the relevant personnel through
omen and Children in Afghanistan le by its mobile health teams. s.l. 2001. ca.org; accessed on 23 January 2003.
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This is a news item concerning the acti in the refugee camps in Peshawar, wher free medical aid to the displaced con doctors, nurses and health workers co refugees. Besides distributing free me sessions on health education for wome
626. Husain, Shahid. Call for SAARC
7 September 2004.
The National Court of Women on Viole all leaders belonging to the SAARC prevention and combating of trafficki resolution of the Court stresses on apprehersion of traffickers and abuse due importance to all cases of physical killings, with the establishment of crisi survivor as stipulated by the Khushhal of Trafficking. Further, the National needs to oversee the implementation of of a woman Ombudsperson to check on to redress the victims. A monitorings where illegal trafficking of women is si be sensitized on the issue. While stres towards victim-care, the forum calls migrant workers, under the relevant IL a repeal of the Hudood Ordinance discriminatory.
627. ICMC Pakistan. WAR Prog Additional information : Pakistan 2001. 2p. Source - http://WWW, i. accessed on 11 February 2003.
A special feature of the Women. At ICMC in the camps of Pakistan, counsel displaced from Afghanistan. Involved (Shelter for Change), the programme ca to gender violence during displacemen domestic violence, rape and bonded resettlement in the USA through SA

lities of HAWCA health team working 2 the Government of Pakistan provides munity. The team comprises women hducting health check-ups for women dicines the health team has organised n and young girls in the camps.
pact against trafficking. Daily Times.
ince, Trafficking and HIV/AIDS urges
to sign the draft convention on the ng of women and children. The draft strict law enforcement to ensure the s, demanding that, the judiciary pays /sexual abuse, gang rape and honour scenters/shelter homes for the victim/ Programme for the Welfare of Victims Commission on the Status of Women judicial decisions, with the appointment the prevalence of gender violence and ystem should be deployed in countries gnificant, and border-security officials sing on the responsibility of the state for protection of trafficked women as O Convention. The court also demands which is controversial and gender
ramme --- (October 1999 to 2000)
background information. Islamabad). cmc.net/docs/en/programs/pakistar prg 1
Risk (WAR) Programme launched by ling and supporting women and children
with a temporary shelter viz., SACH ters to refugee women who are exposed
t. The cases include women victims of
labour, and many recommended for CIH. ICMC Pakistan works with the
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UNHCR and U.S. Immigration and N that women, in particular those at a S during resettlement. The programme als higher education through scholarships
628. International Federation of
Health Hospitals . The way forw. Chatha. [s.l]. 2001. 4p. [Sourc 20 January 2002).
The paper explores the initiative to contraceptives in Pakistan and relate describes the services provided by th Women on primary health care and rel planning, infertility treatment, cancer transmitted diseases. Illustrated with c services have benefited marginalized indigenous women, and their efforts to community at large.
629. International Medical Corps
Koga, Pakistan. 2p. Santa Moni
Women refugees from Afghanistan re been provided with a well-equipped eme facilities. This obstetric hospital provid to prevent maternal mortality caused b
630. International Medical Corp women complete IMC Internship Source -http://www.imc wo Afghan Interns.shtml; accessed
This press statement acknowledges th for Afghan women refugees living in t from the refugee camps are awarded W graduated as medical interns from the They are now providing medical care programme run by women for wome from the displaced population are bei organisational skills to run health
2.

aturalisation Services (INS) ensuring 2curity risk, have adequate protection o helps young refugee women to pursue
in the host country.
'lanned Parenthood (IPPF). Family ard for women. Prp. Mahammad Ashraf
e - http://www.ippf.org; accessed on
address the problem of low usage of d sexual, reproductive health care. It 2 state-run family health hospitals for erral to specialized services of family detection and management of sexually ase studies, the article reveals how the Women such as women refugees and form voluntary groups to work for the
IIMC). Emergency obstetrics care in ca. 8 September 2003.
siding in and around Peshawar have rgency hospital with reproductive health es 24-hour emergency services in order y the lack of care in this remote district.
s (IMC). Despite the odds Afghan is. Los Angeles. 14 February 2001. 2p. rldwide.org/loc pakistan, 021401on 10 June 2004.
success of IMC in providing support he camps of Pakistan. Women students 'ith scholarships by the IMC, and have Afghan University, Peshawar, Pakistan. for fellow refugees, through a training in Pakistan. Further, women doctors ng trained on medical techniques and entres in the camps. With ongoing
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programmes in primary health care, rep sessions for health trainers, skills are pa health care workers.
IMC is one of the largest health care t providing education for medical, param the influx of refugees into Pakistan the I up skills training programmes for the provide maternal and child health servi
631. The International Network for the in Pakistan (INRVVP). 2p. Kent http://ecumene.org/INRFVVP/;
INRFVVisa non-profit, non governme worldwide awareness on the degree of with a long term goal of examining the specifically, honour crimes against organization provides direct support educational assistance to women victim raising, collaboration and networking rights agencies and activists in Pakistal
632. International Rescue Comm Alert : Afghanistan/Pakistan. WWW, theirc.org/Pakistan access
This website relates the activities of IR displaced from Afghanistan. Initiating conducts programmes for refugee supp( children through the Female Health Ec refugee villages. This provides basic create health awareness using educatio the health conditions of women refugees on Women's health issues such as disea also on land-mine awareness.
633. Isis International. Campaign to
in Pakistan. Manila. 29
WWW. isiSWOmen. Org/campaigns/
24

roductive health and trainers-training ssed to the new generation of women
raining organisations in Afghanistan edical staff and social workers. Since MC is active around Peshawar setting Women refugees, so that they could ces for the community.
Rights of Female Victims of Violence ucky (USA). 7 June 2001. Source - accessed on 12 August 2004).
ntal organization working to highlight violence against women in Pakistan, root cause of gender-based violence, women in traditional societies. The - humanitarian, medical, legal and s of violence in Pakistan through fundwith women's organizations, human
1.
ittee (IRC). The IRC-Afghanistan S. l. 2001. 2p. Source - http:// ed on 21 January 2003).
C in Pakistan to the community of the cross-border refugee projects the IRC ort, especially for women refugees and lucator Project in Peshawar and other eacher training for young Women to n as a tool. While seeking to improve in camps, the project raises awareness se prevention and female hygiene and
help latest honour' killing victims April 2004. Source - http:// alert/; accessed on 14 August 2004).

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International Secretariat of the World
requests urgent Support to help victims ( crimes, in particular the killing of won usually in a situation when the woman
with regard to her sexuality and her ir Referring to the case of a 45 year old members where no police action has such killings and calls upon the Governn and punish the perpetrators with due d
634. Islamabad : Community centr 7 April 2004. (Source - http:// accessed on 22 January 2005).
Tribal women in Pakistan face many
honour' killing committed by their fa order to empower the indigenous Development has set up community Tribal Areas (FATA) providing guideli health care and vocational training fo community has access to services of wo it to move away from gender discrimi
635. Islamabad . Laws to eliminate
The Dawn. 4 October 200l. 1 p. 10/04/local.htm; accessed on 22
The Federal Government of Pakista legislative measure to eliminate all According to the Ministry of Wome formulated a National Policy on Wol gender-related development. This aim
Provide women equal opportuni Sensitise the public on women's Integrate gender into national dev programmes for Women.
This news item outlines the NPW and til negative attitude on women and the t women's health.

Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) f honour crimes in Pakistan. Honour hen by family members go unpunished, 'steps out of her social/prescribed role teraction with men outside her family. woman who was killed by her family been taken, OMCT firmly condemns nent of Pakistan to investigate, prosecute iligence.
es to be set up in FATA. The Dawn. WWW.dawn.com/2004/04/07/local.htm;
a traditional form of violence such as mily members often go unpunished. In women, the Ministry of Women's centres in the Federally Administered nes to welfare services on mother/child women's empowerment. As such, the men's Welfare and well-being, allowing nation and violence.
violence against women in the offing. Source- http://www.dawn.com/2004/ January 2005.
n is in the process of introducing a
forms of violence against women. h's Development the government has ՈՇՈ (NPW) that is comprehensive on S to:
ties in a viable environment;
rights, roles and responsibilities; elopment through policies and formulate
he efforts made to change the prevailing aditional practices that are harmful to
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636. Jahangir, Asma. The origins o 93- 103, notes. Shaping women' in Pakistan. Ed. Farida Shaheel Resource Centre. 1998.
Jahangir traces the history of Musli. 1961, as well as the Islamic legislatio the light of gender abuse and injusti dower, guardianship and inheritance. rights activists to chal lenges pos recommendations for Women's advoca provide for gender-related abuse.
637. Jilani, Tassaduq Hussain. Imp from the Pakistani Court. P25. No. 2000.1 FL 1-64, April 2001
This speech is based on women's right religious laws. Citing cases of arrang Pakistan, this article illustrates “...the laws which result in gender bias, injusti and the recognition by the courts that ar of her own choice. The article draws at for adult women, and the under-aged time of marriage.
638. Karachi : Detailed form for ra March 2004. Source - http://w accessed on 21 July 2004).
War Against Rape (WAR) has drafted : reporting information as provided by been proposed in the current format victim, to be completed by a medicouniformity in the examination forms u: worked out a standard and updated fo could help lawyers to convict the perpet shows flaws and incomplete data that proposed columns are to record infor organs pertinent to prove rape in a co assistance to the victim to avoid unwa resulting from the rape.

f MFLO : Reflections for activism. P. lives : Laws, practices and strategies et al. Lahore, Shirkat Gah Women's
m Family Law Ordinance (MFLO) of n of the Hudood Ordinance (1979), in e in marriage, divorce, maintenance, She evaluates the failure of women's 2d by such laws, while providing cy groups to lobby for legal reforms to
lementing the Right to Marry : A view 29; notes. International Family Law.
is to marriage within the framework of ed' marriages brought to the courts of misconception of religious values and ce and discrimination against Women", adult woman can enter into a marriage tention to the legal provision available who have not attained puberty at the
pe evidence proposed. The Dawn. 30 ww.dawn.com/2004/03/30/local.htm:
new form for recording evidence and ape victims. Additional columns have for the medical examination of rape legal officer. Evidently, there was no ed in different hospitals and WAR has mat with all the necessary details that ator, as the current information sheet caused many a problem to them. The mation on the examination of private rt of law and also to provide medical ited pregnancy or other complications

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639. Karachi : Special laws urgea
16 March 2001.
In order to mark International Womei Condition of Pakistan Women' was h researchers to emphasise honour cri The participants demanded that hon accused should not be given the bene a full sentence. They also urged the Gc discriminatory laws, in particular the join hands with the activists to bring
640. Khalid, Quratulann (Annie) E July 1999. 14p.; biblio. Unpu Violence Against Women).
Practices of “honour” crimes in Pakis perpetrators of such crimes are explo are of tribal origin, not specific to
misinterpretations of the religious ( Supplemented with case studies, this support and judicial remedies, thought all forms of violence against women. T that emphasizes equality of all citizen the law, calls for legal reforms on cu crimes and provisions for victims ofg
641. Khan, Mushtaq Ahmad. Pakis Conference on Trafficking in V Tokyo, Asian Women's Fund. H
Internal trafficking in Pakistan is on inadequate. However, cross - border t as India, Bangladesh and Nepal, from report concentrates on the legal an against trafficking and prostitution. , Hudood Ordinance (1979) makes this family, labour and criminal laws, an crime'. As part of support services, c police stations for women function ur the NGO network.

to check domestic violence. Dawn.
's Day a seminar on "March 8 and the :ld by women activists, academics and mes against Women as family violence. our killings be termed murder and the it of the provision of law, but awarded Ivernment of Pakistan to abolish gender Hudood Ordinance and the masses to about the empowerment of women.
(afeez. Karo-Kari ("Honour killings"). blished. Source - ICES Archives on
an and the inaction of the state towards red in this document. Honour crimes Islamic communities and arise out of codes in a rigidly patriarchal society. paper points out the lack of legislative he government is committed to eliminate he paper, based on the state constitution s before the law and equal protection by stomary laws in dealing with "honour' ender violence.
tan country Report. P. 108- I 12. Regional Women, Bangkok, 3-4 November 1998. February 1999. .
he rise, but the information available is rafficking involves other countries such where significant data is available. The administrative measures of the State Accordingly, legal provisions under the a punishable crime through citizenship, i under "...violence against women as a risis centers for victims of violence and der state patronage in collaboration with
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642. Khan, Nasreen [and] Ha. reproductive health service p Pakistan. P.207-219, notes. Issue.4. 2004.
An examination of Pakistan reveals a
Asia, largely due to poor reproductive the province of Sindh, this cross-sectie the provision of reproductive health s Accordingly, only 25% of GPs provic services being delimited by gender
knowledge of the subject. The finding health services could be improved by GPs - encouraging more women to obstetrics with incentives if necessary, to improve their knowledge and skills. T in the medical profession could be en health care services and what kind of S and community, towards achieving the
643. Lack of Islamic teaching blam
Times. 24 January 2004.
This is a write-up on an awareness rais to end violence against women. The can from the districts for active participati Initiated by the Women's Advisory Ce launched by Radio Pakistan, the progra elimination of gender violence. Aurat Fo survivors of violence which has grow, The Free Legal Project of the foundat and bar council offering legal aid to wo "honour crimes.
644. Lari, Zahida. Self-empowern Pakistan. 8p. International S Manchester, 24-28 July 2000.
Women with physical disabilities are v discrimination while constantly struggl family support and overt sexism. This
2.

, Sonja E. The determinants of ovisions by General Practitioners in ealth Policy and Planning. Vol. 19,
igh rate of maternal mortality in South maternal health services. Conducted in nal study identifies factors influencing rvices by General Practitioners (GPs). e services in their health clinics, their constraints, geographic location and suggest that provision of reproductive increasing the involvement of women enter into the field of gynaecology/ and provision of post-graduate training his study opens a forum on how women couraged to specialize in reproductive upport should be provided by the state objective of safe motherhood.
ed for crimes against women. Daily
ng workshop on designing a campaign paign involves selection of participants on in an electronic media programme. ntral Project of Aurat Foundation and mme highlights women's rights and the undation runs shelter homes for women into an educational trust for women. on, networks with the police, prisons men survivors of violence, in particular
ent for women with disabilities in pecial Education Congress 2000,
inerable to gender-based violence and ng against prejudice, traditions, lack of paper concerns the newly formulated

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special education policy that seeks opportunities for disabled women t programmes to encourage their em Rehabilitation of the Disabled concei Education and Social Welfare interve teacher's training programme in spec
645. Law soon to curb violence a
International Pakistan. 22 April
Legislation to curb violence against of Law, to be presented before the Cab killing of women, the most disturbing proposed legislation that promotes leg for women. Presently, complaint cell. stations to take action on gender-relate provide free legal and medical aid to
646. Law to eliminate violence again
2001.
The Federal Government of Pakistan to eliminate violence against women . Development is in discussion with th Women (NCSW) to repeal all gende National Policy for Women (NPW) th women, in particular those in detentio by the recommendations of CEDAW customary practices such as honour
647. Lawyers for Human Rights trafficking of women in Pakist www.lhrla. Sdnpk.org/ traff WC
A project supported by CIDA to mini in Pakistan. The project aims to:
Raise consciousness on traffic human development;
v Survey the prevalence of traffi
the issue;

to provide appropriate educational rough community-based non formal owerment. The National Policy for 'ed by the Ministry of Health, Special es for special educational needs and a al education.
ainst women Niloufer. The News 2004.
somen is under review by the Ministry net for approval. Accordingly, honour of gender crime will be curtailed by the al Support and economic empowerment are established in the women's police d complaints and State-run crisis centres victims of violence.
st women in the offing. Dawn. 4 October
is due to introduce legislative measures in all forms. The Ministry of Women's e National Commission of the Status of discriminatory laws under the current at has special benefits for disadvantaged n centers and prisons. The policy, guided aims to prohibit the laws that encourage
killings of women.
and Legal Aid (LHRLA). Project on un , Karachi. 2001. 2p. [Source — http://
men.html; accessed on 12 June 2004).
mize and eliminate trafficking of women
cing as a social problem and a threat to
king and chart out action plans to combat
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Provide legal aid and develop as families.
LHRLA is one of the pioneer organizal of women in Pakistan and to initiatt organisation helps in the release of W to trafficking, while providing free le. who cannot integrate with their familie Further, this article briefs on the SAAR workshop on "Trafficking in women ar Resistance” in 1996 leading to the SA based on the principles of CEDAWar the Child). The Convention drafts the and effectiveness in combating traffick out to the root-cause of the problem & multi-faceted crime, the Resistance N. and Children is formed among mem Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan.
Current Projects : Working Wo
This is a window project of LHRLA p harassment at the workplace or in public investigating cases of maltreatment by e between trade unions and civil society has launched public awareness campai establishing media networks focusing public... While encouraging state and pri against the issue of workplace harass form their own trade unions to improve safe working conditions for women f. distributed on the issue of workplace on the offence. This had made a positiv more reprints. LHRLA also provides le awareness on their legal rights as sanc
648. Malik, Adam. Violence agains
Karachi, Aurat Foundation. www.hrea.org; accessed on 10
Women form a high percentage of vict their spouses, fathers or brothers. Th
25

upport system for the victims and their
ions to take up the issue of trafficking : action in Bangladesh as well. The omen detained illegally and subjected gal aid and shelter to rescued victims S. C response to trafficking, through the d Children : Formulating Strategies to ARC Convention Against Trafficking, d CRC (Convention on the Rights of ground rules for comprehensiveness ing in the region. With an aim to reach und provide an initiative to solve this stwork Against Trafficking of Women bers of SAARC - India, Sri Lanka,
men 's Support Centre (WWSC). 2p.
roviding support to victims of sexual , providing counselling for the victims, :mployers and developing coordination to help women workers. The project gns on the issue of sexual harassment on cases of Such harassment to the vate organizations to develop policies ment, the NGO facilitates women to : their work environment, in particular actory workers. Brochures have been harassment and the legal implications 2 impact on the community, calling for gal aid to victims of harassment, with ioned in the labour law.
women in the name of honour. Ip. 3 January 2003. Source - http:// December 2003).
ims of "honour killing committed by se statistics were collected from the
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various districts by Aurat Foundation in Committee of Hyderabad (India). Prese Women', the forum recommends effec during the investigation of "honour c
649. Marie Stopes Society (MSS) P
Established 1990. Karachi. 2001. 1 WW/pakistan.htm; accessed on 14 J
The MSS is a non-governmental org Pakistan, committed to improving acce health services throughout the count contraceptives in South Asia. The MS unit and community health projects ac family planning supplies and knowl include family planning, sexual ster reproductive health and primary healt cannot travel to health clinics and Afgh
are the major beneficiaries of this ser
650. Maternity and Child Welf,
acceptability of contraceptives a research project. Prp. Sami
Source-http://www.gfmer.ch of contraceptives Samina.htm
This research project aims to expand th of contraceptive methods suitable f prevalence of contraceptive usage in F project design encompasses a survey with focal groups of contraceptive u group discussions would concentrate specific contraceptive methods a contraceptive methods by women an planning services would be the outco this study recommends on improving th health services to facilitate the work
Seminar on "Violence against Women
2

collaboration with the Citizen's Action nted at a 'seminar on "Violence against tive legislation and monitoring systems times by law enforcers.
akistan . Marie Stopes Society (MSS) : ). (Source-http://www.mariestopes.org.uk/ une 2005).
anization run by the local people of ss to family planning and reproductive ry. Pakistan has the lowest usage of S team by means of their mobile health cesses the women providing them with edge on health issues, Their services ilization, ante- and post-natal health, h. Women from rural areas, those who han women refugees living in Peshawar
WCC.
are Association of Pakistan. The by women in Pakistan : A proposal for na Shaheen Ali. [s.l). 29 March 1999. /Endo/PGC network/Acceptability l; accessed on 11 July 2004.
he access to a healthier and wider choice or women's health. With a very low. Pakistan among the sub-continents, this of the usage by women and discussions isers from urban and rural areas. The
on perceptions on and preference for nd their evaluation. The choice of d their needs to health related family me of this project. Based on the above, he organisational functioning of the state of women staff.
”, Hyderabad, 31 December 2002.
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651. Men working with Women a Beat. No.2 1. 28 April 2000. [Sou news/; accessed on 14 March
Organisations working to combat viole strategies in their efforts. This electri Bedari, a non-governmental institutio included at all levels. Based on their should be involved in searching for a so observes that mea are willing to re-ex: women in terms of gender bias, discrimi aware of the issue.
652. Ministry of Women's Devel Education. Crisis Centre : Is en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govel 17 January 2003).
The Centre for Women in Distress is a of Women's Development with an o violence, more specifically, battered impoverished and belonging to disadva where traumatised victims are provided aid. With a steering committee constituti professions, the services encompass p therapy and women's group therapy wi free legal and medical aid, a micro-c access loans in micro-enterprising f sufficiency.
653. Mumtaz, Zubia [and) Salway. to heath care provision in P. providers. P.261-269, notes. Issue.3. 2003.
The health care system of Pakistan
planning workers at community leve women's access to health services, that and mortality. Women health workers South Asia, have to operate within t face problems of:

rainst Violence Pakistan. Gender rce — http://www.Sdno.undp.org/gender/ 003).
nce against women have adopted many nic newsletter concerns the efforts of n where men have been systematically experience that both women and men ution to prevent gender violence, Bedari mine the problems of violence against natory attitudes, as well as make women
opment Social Welfare and Special amabad. 2p. 2003. [Source — http:// nment of Pakistan ; accessed on
pilot project launched by the Ministry bjective to protect women victims of women. Victims of gender abuse - ntaged groups are brought to the centre, with counselling services through legal ng members of NGOs, legal and medical sycho-social counselling, family group th provisions of shelter homes. Besides redit workshop enables the women to or their emotional strength and self
Sarah et al. Gender-based barriers akistan . The experience of female Health Policy and Planning. Vol.18,
has introduced women health/family , as a result of gender constraints to lead to high rates of maternal morbidity similar to other traditional societies in he same gender system and therefore

Page 274
O Abusive hierarchical manageme
colleagues; Lack of gender sensitivity; Coping with the conflict betwee Poor infrastructural support to District-level committees with W. of domestic violence and to pro o Rules and instructions for medic
reporting of cases on domestic O Autonomy for NGOs to partici based violence and to provide v O Housing for poor, destitute won
Based on the above, this study inquires could be modified to facilitate the Wo.
654. Muslim Family Law under a
Newsheet. Vol.XI, No.l.. 1999
Women lawyers and activists in Pakist Muslim Family Law Ordinance (MFL child marriage and inheritance through
Non-registration of marriage an Regulations on polygamy;
Strengthening of provisions cor Rights of inheritance to grandcl
In view of the challenges made by women's groups are deeply concernec women's rights in the family, invalidat vulnerable to family-based violence.
655. Mydans, Seth. Sentenced to d Court. The New York Times. 8
This is in response to public protests of rape who was sentenced to deaths in-law of raping her but no charges (Islamic Statute) needs male witness victim was charged of adultery a

nt structure and disrespect from male
n domestic and work responsibilities; erform their duties; omen members to monitor the incidence vide support for victims; all staff in hospital to facilitate prompt iolence, rape and torture; pate in State efforts to combat genderictim Support; en affected by violence.
as to how best the state health services k of women staff.
ttack in Pakistan. P.6-7. WLUML
an are battling to protect family law, the O) that provides for polygamy, divorce,
d divorce as a punishable crime;
trolling child marriage; hildren.
Drthodox religious sections of society, about the damage this would cause to ing their status as spouses, making them
2ath, rape victim is freed by Pakistani June 2002.
a Pakistani court has acquitted a victim toning. Ms. Zafer accused her brotherwere brought against him as the Zina ’s to prove a case of rape. Instead, the nd sentenced for death by stoning.
58

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Subsequently, an Islamic court interve a "confession' and the victim was set see this as injustice to the victim where upon release she faces death threats fr them.
656. National Commission on the
against Women : Violence agai Terms of reference and scope C
This report seeks to provide the Comr reduce/eliminate gender-based violen economic, societal and political level
O Laws and policies, as well as r for the implementation of curre
O Advocacy, networking and bui
Society.
While suggesting activities based o procedures to prepare reports of field with resource persons, and routine activities and the annual reports, as incorporated in the agenda of the NC
657. Nasir, Aysha. The facets of th Inc. 2001. Source - http://n rdqp.htm ; accessed on 18 Janu
This is an abstract of the publication
pseudo-Islamic society of Pakistan
gender injustice. Concerning the Soci and rural settings, this volume vi housewifization and polygamy, an their individuality and strength.
658. NGO Coordinating Comm Women (D). P47-53. Pakista 2000: Gender equality, developr Shirkat Gah. February 2000.

htion has considered her accusation as free. However, human rights activists he perpetrator is not punished. Further, m her family as she has dishonoured
Status of Women (NCSW). Violence 1st Women Committee. P8-12 tables. f work. Islamabad. January 2002.
ission with guidelines and direction to ce through positive actions at the legal, S. Guidelines are provided on:
nonitoring of institutional mechanisms nt laws/policies; lding linkages with the state and civil
n the above, the committee gives the visits, committee meetings, discussions reporting viz., periodic-issue based, well as listing of priority issues to be SW meetings.
e women of Pakistan. s.l), Page Wise mnm.essortment.com/pakistan Woman ary 2004).
hat concerns the status of women in the where religious extremism has lead to -economic status of women in the urban WS traditional family norms such as
how they keep the women unaware of
ttee for Bejing+5. Violence against n NGO Review : Beijing +5 : Women ent and peace for the 21st Century. Lahore,
59

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This is an analysis of the Government's women in Pakistan made during the (Beijing, 1995). After a lapse of 5 y effectiveness of the state in addressing health, marital rape, sexual violence, and forced marriage in the areas of:
Statutory Laws and Provisions: Shelters and support mechanis The Distress and Detention Fu Police and penal institutions.
The report acknowledges the work ca. rights groups through awareness cam enforcers and legal authorities, media gender-based violence and to bring enumerates strategies for action nece that deals with the elimination of all for to the main report is a table on state women, the obstacles faced, emerging t in policy implementation.
Women and armed conflict. .
This section relating to the state comm towards refugee support, prevention evaluates the level of activity of the st within the period of 1995-2000. Whi women during armed conflict, it is not women from such crimes. The com improve state action against gender cI
O Establishing task forces; o Reforming the law-enforcement O Creating specific state machinery
Women. Chapter. 8. 6p.
This chapter highlights the gender inte, in terms of the state infrastructure a period from 1993 to 2001 and future pl gender violence are reflected through

bledge on elimination of violence against N Fourth World Conference on Women ars this report examines the degree of ender-violence in issues of reproductive rafficking of women, honour' killings
S., d Act;
ried out by women's NGOs and human paigns, advocacy programmes for law workshops etc., to highlight the issue of bout attitudinal changes. This article 'ssary for the National Plan of Action ms of violence against women. Annexed initiatives to combat violence against rends, scope for future and inadequacies
P55-59.
itment of a multi-dimensional strategy of conflict and peace building efforts, ate and non-state agencies as very low le referring to rape and trafficking of 2d that no national laws exist to protect mittee provides recommendations to imes by :
and judicial institutions; to provide emergency relief for victims.
rated national development in Pakistan d women's health care. Covering the ns for 2002, the state responses against

Page 277
A network of women's police sta Commission of Induiry for W discriminatory laws and appoint Training programmes on womer District-level committees with wo of domestic violence and to pro O Rules and instructions for medica of cases on family violence, tort O Autonomy for NGOs to participa based violence and victims supp O Housing for poor, destitute wom
659. Niazi, Ziaulah. Kot Lakhpat Ja Conditions Investigation offic at police stations. Lahore, Lah Pakistan. 4 October 2001. 2p.
pipermail/gsd-list/2001-October
The theme of this news item is the wor against women in prisons. The Legisla activists and political leaders, has sponsorship of Aurat Foundation, and various forms of torture and sexual Appraising the problem of women di recommends the following changes:
O Separate women's barracks aw barracks for juveniles, under prisoners;
O A state-authorised medical pe prisoners, as a basic necessity i Mental patients to be detained i Trial prisoners to undergo a hea Senior judges to visit the prisons as a legal obligation.
660. No compromise in so called Newsheet. Vol. XVI, No.3. July
The government has finalized the draft c the crime with murder under Section 3(
2

ions to handle crimes against women; pmen to review the current gender ent of women judges for High Courts; 's health services; men members to monitor the incidence ide support for victims; lstaff in hospitals for prompt reporting Jre; ce in the state efforts to combat genderOrt;
ՅՈ.
'l Women prisoners living in Miserable rs "misbehave ' with women accused ore News - The News International [Source — http://lists.isb. Sdn pk.org/ /; accessed on 24 August 2004).
k of women NGOs to prevent violence tive Watch Group - formed of women visited penal institutions under the reported that women are subjected to abuse during police investigations. 2tainees and prisoners, the delegation
ay from the men's cells, and separate -trial prisoners, civil and convicted
rson made available for the women n the jail;
n the prison hospital;
lth check-up; and release those under minor offences,
"honour crimes'. P.8-9. WLUML 2004.
fa Bill against "honour killings, equating 2 of the Pakistan Penal Code. Evidently,
51

Page 278
the proposed law aims to abolish the marriage both of which are tradition Bill draft bars courts from accepting and recommends that the offender b prevents forced marriage of girls in s the woman is given as a form of 'col
661. OMCT (World Organisation the name of honour of two gi PAK 1 10504. VAW.CC). [Sou Pakistan/May04/two girls.html
OMCT requests an urgent interventic rights, in the case of two teenage gir the name of honour' after visiting th the family. Crimes against women a Sanctioned by tribal councils of e prosecuted. According to informatio Council (AHRC), the police did not taken to protect the family members v
662. OMCT (World Organisation Women : Case PAK 120499. VAN ICES Archives on Violence Ag
The International Secretariat is gravely Sarwar whose murder was instigated married woman and a mother of two,
of spouse abuse and torture. Her assa legal counsel, yet another honour
members of their family to protect fa action by the Government of Pakistan this crime, while guaranteeing punish the security of the legal adviser, Ms.
from extremists. The organisation also on Harmful Traditional Practices Ms. be protected and granted her rights to traditional violence against women.
663. Outrage over Pakistan gang-r
2002. -
2

practice of honour crimes and forced l practices detrimental to women. The a Waiver or compounding the offence, punished according to the law. It also :ttlement of community disputes where pensation' to the affected.
Against Torturel. Pakistan : Killing in ls. 3p. Geneva. 11 May 2004. (CASE ce-http://www.peaceWomen.org/news/
accessed on 18 November 2004.
n from all those concerned on women's ls from the Province of Sindh killed in eir grandparents without the consent of 'e committed in the name of honour, ders and the perpetrators are rarely 1 received by the Asian Human Rights investigate the case and no action was who lodged the complaint.
Against Torture). Violence against WSL. s.l. 20 April 1999. 3.p. (Source - ainst Women).
concerned over the killing of Ms. Saima by her family members. Ms. Sarwar a had filed a case for divorce on grounds Sination took place in the office of her killing perpetrated against women by mily honour. OMCT calls for urgent to conduct an impartial investigation of hent to its perpetrators and safeguarding Hina Jilani who is facing death threats requests that the UN Special Rapporteur Asma Jahangir who is based in Pakistan, continue her task of reporting cases on
pe grows. The Sunday Times. 7 July

Page 279
The police force in Pakistan has s community members who have raped council, as the victim's brother has
from another tribe of higher status. A Pakistan has intervened in this case "crime committed by the brother an taking action on the complaint made
664. Oxfam. Pakistan Programme
women. 2p. S.I. Source - ht 22 May 2003).
Domestic violence is a serious proble in Pakistan. Oxfam raises consciousn violence through street theatre and para-legal training for unmarried won contracts and to ensure that they ( programmes are conducted by the or violated.
665. Pakistan : Anti-rape NGO stru, 2004. Source - http://www. 24 May 2005).
This news article highlights the efforts organization that concentrates its res rape. Located in Lahore, WAR hand while providing medical, legal and S in a large number of volunteers, \ Commission on the Status of Wome victims as well as launches campaig consciousness among the public.
666. Pakistan : Girl child in espe SAARC Meeting on GCEI Unpublished. Source - ICE
This report explores the state acti Pakistan, in cooperation with non-go empowerment of women. The acti

pped up their search for a gang of teenage girl upon the orders of a tribal legedly had an affair with a woman special bench of the Supreme Court of here the sister faced a penalty for the on the police force for their laxity in y the girl.
formation : Tackling violence against
p://www.oxfam.org.uk/ ; accessed on
naffecting a high percentage of women ess of the public on the issue of family poster competitions, while supporting len to help them negotiate fair marriage :ould seek help if needed. Legal aid ganization as women's rights are being
ggles to be heard. s.l. 4 p. 11 February rinnews.org/report.asp ; accessed or
of WAR (War Against Rape), a women's ources on battling against the crime of es cases of rape reported to the police, Irvival support to the victims. Drawing VAR works closely with the National and runs shelter homes to protect the ns on violence against women to create
ially difficult circumstances. 37p., ref. E, Colombo, 1-3 November 1999. Archives on Violence against Women.
in to address gender-based violence in
ernmental organizations working for the n is implemented through strategies on
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legal reforms, support for survival of gender violence. The women's NGOs activities - programmes to raise consci of violence and education for the girlhealth. The AGHS Legal Aid Cell co victims at the community-level oper Shirkat Gah Women's Resource Centr and cultural practices detrimental to prevention of sexual abuse and rehabi and Bedari have launched awarenessand support services on legal/ medical Foundation, Dast-e-Shafqat and the Pi for the cause of women victims on vic abuse. The paper recommends to:
O Amend all gender discriminatory
sexual harassment in the public O Advocate gender equity in the
custody and inheritance; o Recognition of domestic/ family o Preventive support services such assistance to victims of gender-r
667. Pakistan hunting rapists. Ip. s. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories.
The Government of Pakistan has awar US $ 8,200) to a woman subjected to th by a tribal council. Evidently, the pol gang-rape is an illegal penalty accordi Court is calling for a special hearing ol
o Effective use of the electronic m
of gender crimes;
O Discouraging of pornography an
popular media.
668. Pakistan, Islamic Republic of Judicial Khull. P.7-8. Atlanta, E http://www.law. emory.edu/IF 9 September 2004).
26

ctims and protective measures against imbat gender violence through various usness on paralegal services for victims ild focusing on women's reproductive ducts counseling services for women ing a hotline service for the victims. reports on gender discriminatory laws 'omen's health. Concentrating on the tation of survivors, War Against Rape ising programmes, training, lobbying aid and shelter for victims. The Aurat gressive Women's Association lobby lence and support for child victims of
laws, in particular those dealing with und workplaces; choice of marriage partners, divorce,
violence as a gender issue by the state; as legal aid cells, counseling, medical 2lated violence.
, CBS News. 5 July 2002. Source - ; accessed on 4 July 2005.
led cash compensation (equivalent to punishment of gang-rape sanctioned ce had made arrests on this case as g to the state laws, and the Supreme the case, recommending the:
dia to extend support to the survivors
the negative portrayal of women by
Legal history : Notable features I: hory School of Law. 20... Source
legal/pakistan.htm ; accessed on

Page 281
In Pakistan the Muslim Marriage Ac Family Law Ordinance in 1961. Oft significant feature where a woman provided that she is prepared to fo maintenance. This is welcomed by som regardless of the ground by re-payil criticism that judges may rule for a j clearly entitled for a judicial divorce ul Act (1939) without losing their financ has stated that the Muslim wife is in husband is unwilling to divorce, as
would be forced into a "hateful union
669. Pakistan Information Netwo of Women INCSW) . About N.
lp. Source- http://www.pasha.
This web page provides an outline intervention to eliminate violence ag to safeguard women's rights and pro NCSW has been given the mandate ti affecting the status of women and t legislation to eliminate gender discrin The commission is to monitor the procedures for redress of women victi justice. NCSW networks with women towards gender equality and the elimi
670. Pakistan : Group of women s laws. 2p. Islamabad, AsiaN www.asianeWS.it/view.php/; ac
Women activists have called for an women. Referring to the rigidity oftl "stoning of death of women who are urge for the laws to be repealed frol this, the National Commission for W were first adopted, constant injustic members of the parliament are more remove any gender discrimination, r
' Payment by the husband to the wife a

i (1939) was amended by the Muslim e divorce laws, the judicial khul is a could independently claim divorce, rego her financial rights in terms of e as giving women the right to divorce Ig her 'dower. There is also a severe ldicial khul in cases where women are der the Dissolution of Muslim Marriage ial rights. However, the Supreme Court deed entitled to Khul as a right, if the ong as she satisfies the court that she if the option of Khul were ruled out.
ks. National Commission on the Status C.S.W - Role and functions. s.l. 2001. org.pk; accessed on 4 January 2003).
; of the objectives of NCSW, a state ainst women in Pakistan. In an attempt tection against gender-based violence, o review all laws, rules and regulations o suggest repeal, amendments or new nination and to promote gender equality. state mechanisms and institutional ims, in order to achieve effective gender s NGOs and individuals who are working nation of gender violence in the country.
eek abolishment of Islamic "Hudood" ews. 7 May 2004. [[Source — http:// cessed on 9 July 2004).
abolishment of laws that discriminate le Hudood Ordinance that allows for the victims of sexual violence, the lobbyists n the national legislation. In support of omen (NCW) states that "since the laws e has been done to women'. However, in favour of amending the legislation to ather than abolishing it altogether.
t the time of marriage.
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671. Pakistan : Row over fate of Wo
Source - http://www.irinneWS. 2004).
This documents a women-specific discrimination leading to the repeal O that has been taken up for debate in opposition of some members. Th Empowerment of Women Bill calls f women, in specific honour crimes, marriage and Separate women's wards "honour killings is seeking to amend Penal Code of Pakistan to ensure that compoundable. Currently, the victim o the threat of being charged for offenc perpetrator is proven not guilty.
672. Pakistan tribe orders teen rap http://www.cbsnews.com/stori 4 September 2004).
Human Rights Commission of Pakistar involved in the gang-rape of a "teenag as an honour punishment, to be brou of the victim, the tribal council ordere old brother was seen walking with a g has made several arrests based on a co the Commission has ordered a fact-fir This case has evoked protests and dem( of gender violence by many women's general.
673. Pakistan women's lobby group 2p. s.l. 26 April 2004. Source casia/04a/; accessed on 16 Aug
The National Commission on the Statu the Government of Pakistan to initiate in the port city of Karachi, where they
7o Ms. Mukhtar Mai.
26

len's Rights Bill. 3p. 31 March 2004. rg/report.asp; accessed on 5 October
bill on the elimination of gender the controversial Hudood Ordinance the National Assembly, much to the a newly proposed Protection and pr the prohibition of violence against as well as for freedom of choice in in prisons. A second bill highlighting the Criminal Procedure Code and the honour' killings are not to be treated as any rape case registered for trial faces es of adultery and fornification if the
ed. 2p. s.l. 2 July 2002. Source – eS/2002/07/05/world/ ; accessed ora
has demanded that all those who were e tribal girl in the village of Meerwala ght to justice. According to the verdict 'd rape as a penalty, after her l l yearirl from a higher tribal class. Police omplaint made by the girl's father and ding mission to investigate this case. onstrations against traditional practices
NGOs as well as the civil society in
demands inquiry into girls' murder. - http://iyS.cidi.org/humanitarian/irin/ 1st 2004).
s of Women (NCSW) has called upon inquiry on the killing of 2 minor girls have been abducted, killed and their

Page 283
bodies found in a decomposed state. I policemen have been arrested with ch impartial investigation, NCSW calls for
674. Pakistan Women's Lawyers’ As Association ( PAWLA). [Lahol http://www.un.org.pk/unic/pawl
Overwhelmed by customs and traditic have little or no knowledge on laws legal redress. PWLA is a nation-wid discriminatory and derogatory laws ag for victims of gender-related violence. legal awareness among Women, the org and the state machinery, addresses wo services and through economic counse
675. Pakistan's Green Star trains " Vol.20, No.l. 2000. Source - ht on 14 August 2003).
In Pakistan a large proportion of wome resulting in high rates of maternal morb have access to modern contraceptives, out childbirth. This web page concern for women physicians to use IUD (Intr planning services. The programme, International (PSI) is an effort to incr services for rural Women and those fri health care providers as counselors, programme in the electronic media e the services at low-cost.
676. Pakistani girls forced to settle
2004. Source - http://www.alte on 25 October 2004).
The Top Court of the North West Fro of the age-old custom “Swara” where aggrieved family, as part settlement her family. Prevalent in the semi-auto
2

ntervened by the City Governor, three larges of murder. While urging for an a stringent punishment for the accused.
sociation. Pakistan Women's Lawyers' e). November 2000. P... Source - a.htm ; accessed on 23 June 2003).
ins that are gender oppressive, Women and lack the financial Support to seek e women's NGO aimed at combating ainst women that are unable to provide While providing legal aid and creating anization networking with other NGOs men's legal needs through professional :ling to help them become self-reliant.
Lady doctors" and others. Network. tp://www.reproline.jhu.edu/, accessed
n have no access to health care facilities, idity and mortality. Only 18% of women but more that 50% would like to 'space S a comprehensive training programme -Uterine Devices), as part of the family administered by Population Services ease access to quality family planning om low-income groups. While training PSI also conducts a family planning ncouraging Women and men to access
men's dispute. Khaleej Times. 16 April rnatives.ca/article 231.html; accessed
ntier Province has declared the practice a woman could be married off into an for murder perpetrated by the men in nomous tribal region, this practice is a
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traditional form of Violence against wo the woman is mistreated after marri marriage-age have escaped such marri Court of Pakistan which rules out the laws and norms of Pakistan, and the protection, rehabilitation and integr calls for the urgent need for the la such gendered abuses and to settle dis family/clan feud.
677. Pal, R.M. Women's movement
December 2000. 2p. Source-htt 26 July 2003).
This article highlights two recent trend comparison to one another. One is on t the name of religion, and the other is ol fighting against such laws. Case studie how religious extremism influences t discriminatory laws and penalties. Fat in Bangladesh reveal that the verdict the State legislation is not governed by S Aggressive women's movement in Pak a progressive law viz., Muslim Famil protect women's rights with regard t practices that are harmful to women's
678. Peace Wommen... Pakistan NGC http://WWW. peaceWOmen. Org/; a
This web site provides information on gender-related violence through action. to the victims. The organizations whi violence, family abuse and communi Ministry of Women's Development, S eliminate violence against women in t
679. Population Council. Violen
pregnancy and domestic violenc recent mothers'. Ip. New York.
2.

men - in terms of forced marriage where age. Many young Women below the ges” by the intervention of the Supreme practice of “Swara” as a violation of the
girls rescued are sent to shelters for ation in to society. This news article w enforcement authority to prevent putes/ crimes committed as a result of
in Islamic countries. PUCL Bulletin. p://www.pucl.org/reports/; accessed on
S of development in Islamic countries in he state making "anti-women" laws in in the power of the women's movements es from Bangladesh and Pakistan reveal he legal system with regard to gender wa issued on rape, adultery and divorce is decided against the women, though haria Law and Fatwa strictly prohibited. istan has resulted in the introduction of ly Law Ordinance (MFLO) in 1961 to o gender crimes and prohibit cultural
health.
) combats. [s. l]. 2001. 2p. (Source — ccessed on 27 October 2003).
all women's NGOs combating against -oriented work and by providing support le providing support in cases of sexual ty-based crimes, collaborate with the ocial Welfare and Special Education to he country.
ce against Women : Links between *e : Perspectives of Obstetricians and
9 January 2004.
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This is a study conducted in Pakistant the obstetricians/gynaecologists regar - Violence during pregnancy and the il health. Mothers in maternity hospitals of violence during pregnancy, their associated with domestic violence a responses. The preliminary data from t Conference of the Population Council C of obstetricians/gynaecologists, to pla violence.
680. Reuters News Service. Pakist, women. Dubai. 8 February 2001
A state intervention on gender oppress in Afghanistan, where the Ministry of V negotiation with Taliban to open schoo Afghanistan.
681. RHII [Reproductive Health Init 10p. Source - http://www.unfpa
RHI Programme in Pakistan fits into th the reproductive health care, with a information to the most vulnerable comi the resources for reproductive health, i community-based volunteers and Wome settings. This Web site elaborates on the and achievements of the programme, wh to protect and promote women's reproduc
682. Riaz, Mohammed. NGOs Prote
23 May 2004.
Aurat Foundation, together with their si staged a demonstration focusing on the women in the tribal communities of
Third Annual Population Research Co Development in Pakistan', Lahore, 19
26

o assess the level of awareness among ding the magnitude of gender violence mpact of it on maternal and ante-natal were interviewed to evaluate the level care seeking behaviour for injuries nd attitudes regarding health sector his study was presented at the 'Annual f Pakistan and at the regional meetings in strategies to treat victims of family
an to help build schools for Afghan
ion sanctioned by religious extremists Women's Development in Pakistan is in ls for the formal education of girls in
tiatives. Pakistan : 1998-2001. s.l. org; accessed on 22 December 2003).
e 5 year plan of the state on improving ccess to health services and health munities. RHI projects aim at increasing nvolves local grass root organisations, 'n health workers from rural and urban : main activities, strategies, innovations ere increasingly more men are involved tive health to prevent maternal mortality.
est at violence against women. Dawn.
ster NGOs and various political parties growing incidence of violence against he North Western Frontier Province,
)nference on "Population and Sustainable -21 December 2002.
9

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where tribal councils sanction penal humiliation to women. Critical of the l Foundation calls for stringent laws anc the culprits of gender violence.
683. Sardlar, Shakeen [and] Arif, } Pakistan and consequences fo Shaping Women's lives : Law: Ed. Farida Shaheed et al. Lahore,
1998.
This paper calls for protection of wom in particular those from tribal provinc (NWFP) and Baluchistan, where wor rights, but guided by the customary p by the 'all-male forums of the tribal
gender equality within the framework Pakistan, the authors lead to evaluate th equality and protection for wome marginalized/tribal communities. It im Administered Tribal Areas (PATA) wh (MFLO) has not been extended are o practices and denied any relief availabl imposes restraints on issues of polygan custody and the right to option of mal remedies. The paper pressurizes for
women of tribal communities, against
684. Shaheed, Farida. Engageme Women's lives and activism. F lives: Laws, practices and strate al. Lahore, Shirkat Gah Women
Culture, customs and law though disti a linked manner defining the space a argues on the need for activism to expal traditional forms of gender violence it customary practices co-exist. Relating and traditional fora of adjudication V providing gender justice, the paper
72 Tribal Court.

ties' of death, molestation and public ack of police action in the province, the their proper implementation to punish
Kamran. Parallel Justice Systems in r Human Rights. P29-58, notes, ref. s, practices and strategies in Pakistan. Shirkat Gah Women's Resource Centre.
an against traditional forms of violence, es Of North Western Frontier Province men are not supported by their human ractices and gender biases perpetrated courts. While exploring the concept of of a parallel justice system prevalent in he extent to which the systems guarantee n, in particular those belonging to plies that women from the Provincially ere the Muslim Family Law Ordinance ften subjected to repressive customary e under the MFLO. Evidently, the 'Jirga hy, recovery of dower, inheritance, child rriage, denying their right to get relief/ a legal reform that could provide for cultural violence and gender injustice.
ints of Culture, Customs and Law : 261-78; notes, ref. Shaping women's gies in Pakistan. Ed. Farida Shaheed et 's Resource Centre. 1998.
nguishable from one another, operate in nd rights available to women. Shaheed nd women's space and protection against n a society where formal State laws and g to a parallel system of State judiciary viz., *.Jirgas, Panchayats, Biraderies in highlights how social movements, in
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particular gendered activism could bri and the society to provide for victims (
685. Shirkat Gah Women's Resourc murder (Booklet on Criminal Pro Prp. Hassam Quadir Shah. Lahol
An awareness raising initiative by a \ honour killings as many women hav members. This booklet answers some of and religious prohibition of this trad Volume discusses the major changes
Laws in terms of penalty, as Well as anal light on the true motives for such killin;
686. Shirkat Gah VVomen's ReSO Siyah kari, Kala Kali : ”There i, Seminar Report. Lahore. 25 Nov
In Pakistan, certain customs and tradi and murder infused with a sense of
Bulchistan, Sindh, NWFP and Punjab w by the family/clan members, to preser partnership with the local community or entitled 'Women, Law and Status' in t Subject. The research aims to determine realities in the incidents of honour
'national seminar to show that the true land acquisition or avoiding punishme woman as the 'scapegoat' and killing
for their actions. While clarifying misc about this custom by soliciting comm provides recommendations for legal re as preventive measures of a nation-widt the police force, politicians, judicia particular the women who seek redress
"Sixteen Days Activism Against Gende
2001, coinciding with the International
27

dge the 'gap' between policy makers of gender-related violence.
e Centre. Don't let them get away with Ocedures). Basic questions answered. re. 2002. 52p.; ill.
women's organization on the issue of e been murdered by their family/clan the basic queries on legal implications itional form of gender violence. The introduced through Quisas and Diyat yses cases on honour crimes, shedding
gS.
urce Centre. Karo Kari Tor Tora, s no honour" in Killing " : National ember 2001. 65p.
tions justify acts of torture, violence righteous pride. In the provinces of omen accused of adultery are murdered ve' the family honour'. Shirkat Gah in ganizations, has launched a programme hree of these provinces to research the the inherent dynamics and underlying killings. The findings presented at a motives behind such killings are mainly nt for another murder by declaring the her to obtain customary endorsement 'onceptions and gathering information Inity opinions on the issue, this study forms to punish the offenders, as well awareness raising campaign targeting ry, state officials and the public, in
s
r Violence', 25 November - 10 December, Human Rights Day.

Page 288
687. Seguin, Andrea. The meaning c in custody, s.l. 4 November 19 Violence against Women).
Women in South Asian countries are Vl the arrests made are often illegal. Thi Pakistan and Sri Lanka, the paper governing the arrest and interrogation and in protective custody during court
688. Shirkat Gah. Press Release ['; some well-known human rights (
Shirkat Gah). Lahore. 15 May
Women's NGOs, in particular, the Shi been working with the Government ( National Plan of Action for Women ol of women in Pakistan. This press re women's NGOs in Pakistan and conde on the campaign launched by women's The organization demands that the sta inciting violence against women's rig
689. Shirkat Gah is press stanerinent. ;
1999).
This is a news item on the women's or act of honour crime. With reference committed by her family members for the women's NGO calls upon the gov the perpetrators and pledges public Sup related crimes against women.
690. Shirkat Gah. Regional Office
Gah, Women, Law and Status change. Prep. Aisha Gazdar www.wuml.org/, accessed on
Women in Pakistan lack legal conscio against women - domestic abuse, for etc. This web site refers to the outreac
2

of custody and the treatment of women D7. 4 p.; ref. Source-ICES Archives on
ulnerable to sexual abuse in custody, as is paper draws examples from laws of discusses the special rules and laws of Women in police and penal custody, | trials.
Pir Bin Yamin 's statement inaligning and womens NGOs in Lahore including 1999. 1 p.
kat Gah Women's Resource Centre has of Pakistan towards implementing the gender-based policies for the welfare lease concerns the state opposition to mns the comments made by a Minister, NGOs against state sponsored violence. te stops harassing women's NGOs and hts activists.
P4. WLUML Newsheet. Vol. XI, No. 1.
ganizations in Pakistan condemning the to the murder of Ms. Samia Sarwar seeking divorce from a violent spouse, ernment to take punitive action against port in their efforts to prevent honour
for South Asia in Pakistan. Shirkat Programmes : Nurturing the seeds of . S. l. 2001. 3p. Source - http:// 3 December 2003.
usness about various forms of violence ced marriage, divorce, honour killings h programmes of Shirkat Gah Women’s
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Resource Centre that conducts sessi training for women and men drawn in t These sessions are intensive, focusing and procedures in the areas of violence and human rights. Knowledge on lav lead to the empowering of women an outreach programme, Shirkat Gah has c roots women on preventive health, ma With a longstanding commitment to S organisation provides legal aid to the V
691. Shirkat Gah women's Resoui May 1999. lp. Source-http://www
This press statement condemns the at towards human rights and Women organizations, while referring to the p State Government reserve their rights the malicious campaign on NGOs that The statement demands that the gover as yet another form of gender oppress
692. Sisters in Islam and Kelanta and Family Planning. Malaysia
Codified by the basic principles of S achieve a high standard of sexual anc make decisions regarding marriage, rights. Yet, they lack powers to exp childbearing and birth control. This qui of the Southeast Asian Workshop on Is Rights conducted in 1998, in which relig and East Asian countries have excha reproductivessexual rights, bringingfc Islamic teaching on reproductive heal provides readable information on Islam need of service providers, in order "information-based' decision on the us well-being. For the use of community answers are given for queries on sex control and family planning.

ons on legal awareness and para legal hrough community-based organisations. on an in-depth knowledge of the laws against Women, family, criminal justice VS, human rights and court procedures d the community at large. Besides this onducted Support programmes for grass nagement skills and vocational training. upport women victims of violence, the ictims and runs a shelter home for them.
'ce Centre. Press Release. Lahore. 15 V. wuml.org; accessed on 12 April 2003).
titudes of the Government of Pakistan is NGOs in the country. Women's ublic speech made by a Minister of the to take legal action on the state against serve the interest of oppressed women. nment stops harassing women activists
O.
in Family Planning Association. Islam
2001. 17p.; ref.
hari'ah, Muslim women have rights to reproductive health and the power to motherhood, contraception and sexual ress their views on sexual relations, stion and answer booklet is an outcome am: Reproductive Health and Women's ;ious scholars and activists from Pakistan nged their views on Muslim women's rward the progressive understanding of h and women's rights. This publication and family planning to meet the pressing o assist women and men to make an e of contraception for family health and
health workers and service providers, |ality, reproductive/sexual rights, birth

Page 290
693. Six to hang in Meerwala rape
2p. (Source - http://WWW.ja mial 2004.
This new item relates to the legal respo Punjab where a 30-year old divorced w council of tribal elders as a penalty woman belonging to a higher tribe. included some members of the counc Anti-Terrorism Court (ATC) ordered ( also sentenced two others involved to fine to be paid to the victim.
694. Socialist Alliance. Women for
s.l. 2001. 25 September 2001, accessed on 22 July 2003).
This is a news article on the action C gender oppression codified by religio conflict on Women in Afghanistan. Wo group in Pakistan that mobilizes won extremism and traditional practices rally against gender violence and prote such as SIMROG, Shirkat Gah, Wom Aid Cell included a large number of cultural practices prohibiting women
695. South Asia Partners Internat 50. Commercial Sexual Exploitat Asia-Pakistan perspective 2001.
Pakistan has certain laws that cover se but not comprehensive enough to pro cover all the situations under which of the laws accept that girls are mir under the Enforcement of the Hudoo attains puberty. The mere existence provide protection against Sexual a considered adultery in the absence of as the accused. Transporting or impor prostitution is a criminal offence und
2

case. Jamiat News. September 2002. .org.za/news/, accessed on 31 January
nse to a case of gang-rape in Meerwala, Joman was sentenced to gang-rape by a for her brother's alleged affair with a Subsequently, the perpetrators, which il were arrested by the police and the leath penalty to the accused. The court a life sentence in prison and a heavv
Peace in Pakistan. Prp. Rizwan Atta. (Source - http://socialistalliance.org/
f women activists against the issue of us extremists, and the impact of armed men for Peace is an all-Women's action hen into a movement to fight religious that are gender oppressive. The peace st march organized by Women's NGOs en's Foundation and the AGHS Legal Women workers protesting against the S employment.
ional SAP-I). Legal Measures. P47ion of children (CSCE): A review of South Colombo. December 2001.
xual exploitation and abuse of children tect the child completely and does not he child may be sexually abused. Most lors from the age of 16- 18 years. Yet, d Ordinance a girl is an adult after she
of this Ordinance however, does not buse cf the girl child as rape can be proper witnesses and the victim ends up ting a girl below the age of 18 years for er the Pakistan Penal Code of 1860 (Act
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No. XLV). While the Provincial Suppr is the comprehensive legislation conce Ordinance (1983) and the Sindh Chil child under the age of 16 years. The Pe and sodomy, while the Marriage Rest invalid if the girl is below 16 years implemented through the Offence of Zi of 1979 to punish offenders for kidnap prostitution or rape.
After Stockholm - Response
Pakistan as a signatory to the Stockho Against Sexual exploitation of Childrei the National Commission on Child \ Ministry of Women's Development an Education for strategic Support. The child-centered approach, the compone and rehabilitation of victims. Besid advocacy, social mobilization, capac systems, political commitment and n Recognising that the problem of child sector alone, partnership is envisaged at all levels to formulate specialized the NPA.
696. The status of women and the
country study. USA, Library rS6.loc.gov/fra/cs/; accessed or
This web article concerns socio-legal made by the women's movement to in continent during the twentieth century on laws viz., the Hudood Ordinance (1 between adultery (Zina) and rape, wh only in the presence of male witnesses t Action Forum, publicising and conden based violence plays an active role in collective leadership, formulating poli action to safeguard Women's legal sta legal aid to the victims combat genc women's economic self-reliance. P.

2ssion of Prostitution Ordinance (1961) rning prostitution, the Punjab Children dren's Act (1955) provide for the girl nal Code also provides for pornography raint Act (1929) considers a marriage of age. As for rape, anti-rape law is na (Enforcement of Hudood) Ordinance oping or abducting a woman for forced
to CSEC P51-56.
lm Declaration and Agenda for Action n, has launched an action plan involving Welfare and Development (NCCWD), d Ministry of Social Welfare & Special National Plan of Action (NPA) has a nts on prevention, protection, recovery es it encompasses awareness-raising, ity building, setting up of structures/ etworking against child sexual abuse. sexual abuse cannot be solved by one among the state and civil organistions policy measures in order to implement
Women's Movement. P... Pakistan : A of Congress. 1994. Source - http://
25 January 2003).
reforms on gender issues and attempts prove Muslim women's lives in the subThe women's movement has protested )79) that fail to recognize the difference ere a man could be convicted for rape but a woman by her pregnancy. Women's nning the growing incidence of genderpreventing violence against women - cy Statements and engaging in political tus. Women's NGOs, while providing er violence through projects to boost kistan Women Lawyers Association
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(PWLA) and Professional Women's A home-based Women workers to ac depending on the middlemen. Issues restriction of social activities have be
697. Swabi Council declares Swara u Vol. XV, No.2. July 2003.
The District Council calls for the rept an informal judicial system where girl to settle disputes. Marriages made agreements never prove successful b Members of the council argued that permit such practices, while urging the
were likely to be settled through this
prevent it.
698. Szymanski, Tekla. Humaria Av 1 p. s.l., World Press Revie
WWW. Worldpress.org/ accessed
A news item highlighting the efforts ruthless custom of forced marriage and Among the tribal communities force against women where women are ti disputes with rival families. Often mir end up as slaves/mistresses for the me challenged the local tribal council to of forced marriage of minor girls. Sl passed unanimously in the State Asse persistent pressure by women's group, enact the law to prevent forced marri
699... The Asia Foundation [[TAF November 2001. 3p. Source - ht pakistan.html; accessed on 15 J
In Pakistan women and girls have lim opportunities to express their needs.
'* Vanni Or Wanni - a tribal custom of sett
2

Association have launched ventures for uire raw materials directly without on coerced dress code for women and en argued by the movement.
njust custom. P17. WLUML New Sheet.
eal of the traditional custom of “Swara” S are married into rival families in order through this custom show that such ut often lead to resumption of rivalry. neither Islam nor the Pakistani Law media to report all those disputes which custom so that action could be taken to
vais Shahid. Fighting forced marriage. W. 20 May 2004. Source - http:// on 8 July 2004).
of a 'one-women crusade against the torture of women who are "disobedient'. 'd marriage is part of family violence aded into 'blood marriage' to settle or girls are contracted into this and they 2n. Ms. Shahid a Pakistani legislator has Work out a monetary settlement, instead nahid's resolution to outlaw Vinni was mbly in 2003. According to the activist, S and human rights activists is needed to lage.
). Programs by location : Pakistan.
tp://WWW.asia foundation.org/Locations/ sanuary 2003).
ited access to social services and fewer TAF has launched an awareness-raising
ling disputes within families through marriage.
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campaign on women’s issues and su addresses the socio-cultural barriers tha In collaboration with partner NGOs th
Promote community interventio Develop strategies to involve m Establish health networks at nat Promote social marketing interve
WOl62).
A project to reduce maternal mortality its way to promote safe motherhood
700. Trials under Jirga System. Pakt paktribune.com/news/; accessed
The Sindh High Court has banned all tr an institution in Pakistan's informal jus sections of tribes and biased against hearing a case filed by a woman and h honour murder by their tribes. While news article calls for state action agai constitute a panel of judges of the Sup abolishing the system. Furthermore, la against the Jirga sanction of death pen
701. Two sisters rescued from Wanni /www.dawn.com; accessed on 7
The police rescued two girls who were as “Wanni” sanctioned by the local trib disputes between families. This was members of the community, and a del situation seeking police help to rescue to the Karwam Community Developm for safe custody and produced before
702. UNDP. YOU AND AIDS: The Pakistan at a glance. P.. New
http://www.undp.org; accessed (
2.

bsequently a health programme that t are destructive to reproductive health. Foundation conducts programmes to:
in maternal and child health; an in the issue of women's health; ional, provincial levels; ntions that aim to reduce anemia among
through community interventions is on
ibune. 26 April 2004. [Source — http:// on 5 August 2004).
ials conducted under the * Jirga system tice system controlled by the powerful women. The orders were issued upon er husband seeking protection against condemning crimes of honour, this inst Jirga, that the government should reme Court to find ways and means of ws should be introduced and enforced alty.
, Dawn. 17 May 2004. Source-http:/ July 2004).
to be handed over to their rival family al council on account of settlement of brought to the notice of the police by 'gation of state officials appraised the the girls. They have been handed over ent Kalabagh, a welfare organization he local courts for a hearing.
HIV/AIDS Portal for Asia Pacific : York). 3 December 2004. (Source - in 5 March 2005).
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Gender inequalities in the society of infection among women who form a
decision-making power and lack of a the National AIDS Policy, in collal developed a 5-year working programr control the infection. This web page di geared towards the prevention of HIV
• Implementation of the programr of decentralization; Awareness raising by means of A national HIV/AIDS surveilla Implementation of provisions f banks;
O Guidelines/protocols on col
management;
O Bio-social research by means of Survey', to determine the impa
703. United Nations High Commis Notes from meeting with Afg Saunders. 22 December 1998. Archives on Violence against W
This document briefs on a meeting hel women's NGO in Pakistan, urging the women in exile. The Network concer in camps - their lack of access to educ reflected by the exploitation encounte from UN for refugee care in order to
704. United Nations High Comr
About UNHCR Pakistan. Is
WWW, un. Org.pk/unhcrl ; accessi
The UNHCR in Pakistan provides le and education to the refugee populati based assistance rendered by UNHCF a network of community health work Implemented through the Governme NGOs, the project concentrates on
2

Pakistan lead to the spreading of HIV high-risk group due to lack of literacy, ccess to health care services. Based on ooration with UNAIDS the State has me on Strategic planning to prevent and escribes the National AIDS Programme /AIDS through strategies of:
me at provincial level, through a process
campaigns in the mass media; nce system by the health care sector; or safety in blood transfusion in blood
nse ling, care/support and clinical
a "Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviour ct of the media campaign.
ision for Human Rights (UNHCHR). han Women 's Network. Prp. Christina
s.l. Unpublished. Source - ICES Women.
d with the Afghan Women's Network, a 2 United Nations to provide support for nS the discrimination of refugee women lational and other basic human rights as red in workplaces. They request support prevent exploitation of the women.
missioner for Refugees UNHCR). amabad. 2001. 3p. Source- http:// ed on 20 July 2003).
gal aid, shelter, sanitation, health care on from Afghanistan. The communityR encompasses health care provided by ers with a majority of women workers. nt of Pakistan, local and international
services for women and children in
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preventing diseases and maternal and ( UNHCR are based on gender equity, Women and children.
705. United Nations Population Fu Summary Project : Advocacy fo Issues. (s.l). 2001. p. (Doc. Pak
www.unfpa.org; accessed on 6
This project aims to bring wider nation, gender equality and adolescent repro increase the capacity of state-run insti population issues. Efforts are to be ma policy and planning levels by raisir development, reproductive health and civil servants, health service personne
706. United Nations Population
Summary Project : Promoting (PRISM). [s.l]. 2001: 2p. (Doc. www.unfpa.org; accessed on 6
The rate of maternal mortality in Pak rest of South Asia, as a result of pregnar causing death and disability. This pro train community-based midwives on S 5 districts, this programme attempts to
Sensitise the community on the Develop a referral system for h Provide a curriculum for trainin Strengthening the district midwif on maternal and child health.
707. United Nations Integrated Re News. Pakistan : New ruling l UN Office for the Coordinati 1 June 2004. Source - htt 9 November 2004).
2

hild health. All relief operations of the he rights of refugees and the needs of
hd UNFPA). About UNFPA Pakistan : r Reproductive Health and Population /06/03/01-10/ P 10). Source - http:// January 2003).
al and local support for women's health, ductive health. In addition, it aims to tutions and the media on advocacy for de in integrating reproductive health at g consciousness on population and rights, gender equity and equality for l, educators and family elders.
Fund (UNFPA. UNFPA Pakistan : Interventions for Safe Motherhood Pak/01/P 01-01/P01). Source - http:// January 2003.
istan is very high in comparison to the cy-related complications and childbirth, ject aims to assist the health sector - to kills for safe childbirth. Implemented in
issue of maternal health;
2alth care;
g of midwives; ery Schools to provide improved services
gional Information Networks (IRIN) title help to female prisoners. 2p. s.l., )n of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).
://www.irin news.org/ ; accessed on
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Human rights activists have called for
by women in prisons and a revision oft announcement made by the President H and pardons for women in penal instit Human Rights & Legal Aid (LHRLA pardon of women convicts applies to years of age and elderly women over ( women prisoners in overcrowded pris special committee constituted by the
Women (NCSW) has recommended art that the controversial law be repealed are charged for adultery and serving new presidential ruling is an importa rights groups urge that a repeal of th gender-discriminatory legislation that
708. United Nations Integrated Re; News. Pakistan : Special repor Office for the Coordination of Hur
Source - http://www.irinnews.or
A field survey carried out by the Development (NCHD) in the district of revealed that 80% of the people have of medical facilities, birth attenda nearest well-equipped hospitals. As S very high. With the aim of reducin programme to provide medical assis programme draws in trained women attendants for the purpose of health ec village girls are trained to maintain h monitor their progress through selecte are done for the women to help identi that male health workers are part of t the men are trained to involve the com This document also explores other healt Project implemented by the state, inv attendants to become community midwi this provides 24-hour medical services, a and right to privacy and confidentiality. N to 16 other districts, with the goal of savi related problems and maternal mortalit
2

an improvement in the conditions faced he criminal justice system, following an on. Mushraaf that conditions remissions utions would be enhanced. Lawyers for ) have emphasized that early release/ nly those with children, girls under 18 0 years, which is a small percentage of ons under sub-human conditions. The National Commission on the Status of view of the Hudood Ordinance positing Dramended to help victims of rape who imprisonment. In acceptance that the nt step towards gender justice, human e Ordinance is much needed as it is a benalizes innocent victims.
gional Information Networks (IRIN) 't on maternal mortality. 4p. [s.l), UN manitarian Affairs (OCHA). 26 May 2004. g/ ; accessed on 9 November 2004).
National Commission for Human Mardan, North West Frontier Province no access to health care services, a lack nts and transport of patients to the uch, the rate of maternal mortality is g this, NCHD has launched a health tance to women in the province. The
health workers and traditional birth lucation and pre/post natal care. Local ealth records of pregnant women and d health indicators. Regular check-ups fy risks at pregnancy. It is noteworthy his comprehensive programme, where munity men in reproductive health care. n programmes, such as Safe Motherhood 'olving the training of traditional birth ves. Implemented in the region of Sindh, long with education on preventive health CHD has plans to expand the programme ng innocent lives at the risk of pregnancy/.
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709. Ur-Rahman, Javid. Women a police. The Nation 2 October 2
This is an interview with the Station
Station in the capital of the country, ev. department. Relating to the importance facilitate the victims of gender violer refers to the drawbacks such as lack
many women are reluctant to register c are often referred to women’s NGOs victim. The interviewee suggests th women's police station should play an bridge the gap between the public anc
710. Violence against women increa News. 22 September 1999. S( accessed on 10 October 2003.
The Amnesty International has release violence against women in Pakistan W cases on honour killings. In a list of Pakistan, the Amnesty calls for:
O Reviewing of all laws for the pr O Eliminating of the system of do O Encouraging victims to lodge c O Consciousness-raising program
public; O Expand support facilities for vic
711. WAF Demands protection fo WLUML Newsheet. Vol. XV, N
The Women’s Action Forum (WAF) ha "honour killings of women in Pakista case of Noor Khatoon a victim of 1 been sentenced to "honour' killing by t. country. WAF urges the government
restore justice to her, while demanding
killings, customary killings and paralle

void reporting rape and violence to
003.
House Officer of the Women's Police aluating the women's desk of the police 2 of having more of them in Pakistan to ce to lodge complaints, the interview of remand facilities in the station. As omplaints at the police station the cases who provide shelter and support to the at the councillatory committee in the
active role to solve gender crimes and law enforcers.
ises in Pakistan. The Dallas Morning Jurce - http://WWW. dalla SneWS.com/ ;
d a report concerning the high level of 'ith a marked increase in the number of ecommendations to the Government of
otection of women; Wry to Women at the time of marriage; omplaints to the police; mes on gender-related violence to the
tims of domestic and family violence.
r vonan on "Karo kari" row. P. 20. p.2. July 2003.
us condemned tortur e, death threats anc n. WAF has filed a suit concerning the orced marriage and spouse abuse, has ne informal judicial sy stem (Jirga) in the o provide protection to the victim anc an end to the illegal pr:ctices of honour
judiciary'.
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712. War Against Rape (WAR). P.
Fear of social stigma and tarnishing t why victims of rape refrain from se Combating this system which is ad violence, the efforts of WAR have lead years from a mere 2 years. Based in Kar to establish the first women's police s for women victims/survivors of rape a
713. Warzazi, Halima Embarek. {
Measures to Eliminate Harmful 30. Review of further develop Commission has been concerned the health of Women and childre 1991/6).
Encompassing forms of violence again has made efforts to improve the status
o National Plan of Action to count due to harmful traditional practi
e Joint UNICEF/Government of P
to address child abuse;
o Task Force which co-ordinates
organisations to report on gende
714. Women-Alert. P3. Women's Org http://www.distel.ca/Womlist/co January 2003.
Women-Alert is an on-line pressure g issues of sexual harassment and gender workplace. Committed to advocate fo to take effective action against the pei of policy makers to provide measures
harassment and remedies for the survi
715. Women building peace : Millennii prize Recepients : Asma Jahangi, November 2001. 1 p. Source peace prize.htm. ; accessed on 12
2.

Raising Our Voices. March 2002.
he family image are the major reasons 2king counseling or legal assistance. antageous to perpetrators of sexual to extension of its sentence up to 25 achi, the NGO also heads the movement tation that serves as an important tool nd sexual abuse.
summary of information received on Traditional Practices : Pakistan. P29ments in fields with which the Sub: Study on traditional practices affecting in. s.l.). 5 July 1991. (E/CN.4/ Sub.2/
st women, the Government of Pakistan
of women and children through:
er health-related violence and violence
CeᏚ; 'akistan action to develop programmes
with the state and non-governmental r crimes.
|anisations : Pakistan. 20... Source - untries/pakistan.html ; accessed on 16
roup of women activists dealing with discrimination of women in the public/ the victims of sexual harassment and petrators the group lobbies at the level o protect women workers from sexual Vors/victims.
im Peace Prize for Women : 2001 Peace and Hiina Jilani - Pakistan. sin), s.l). -http://www.a Wakened Woman.com/ October 2003.
2

Page 299
This is a concise account on the acti violence against women in Pakistan. V evident through reports on domestic
extremism, bonded labour and killing causing 'dishonour' to them. This wr. and Ms. Jahangir viz., Women's Ac Centre, the first free legal aid institut The Women's Action Forum launches c. rights, whereas the AGHS provides violence. In keeping with the Unite discrimination and violence, Ms. Jahan Rapporteur for Extrajudicial, Summar.
716. Women face threat of honour
News. Wire. 8. April 2004. Soul accessed on 15 September 2004
This news item relates to the respons Pakistan, to penalties provided for "ho divorced woman who was subjected assembly of tribal leaders the comm not prevent the local tribal councils f to the state attitudes towards "hon parliament recently protested against prevention of honour killings.
717. Women Living Under Musli Pakistan : Women's Action Fo, Grabels, (France)). 29 April 2
Women's Action Forum (WAF) exp1 stoning to death of Ms. Zafran Bibi by shocking instance of miscarriage of j of redress, is convicted for adulter intervene on the judgement of the
sentence immediately. Also, the foru (1979) be repealed as it leads to the
718. Women Living Under Muslir
Afghan refugees. Lahore. 3
www.wluml.org; accessed on

lities of women activists in countering iolence against women in the country is violence, oppression through religious of women by the family members for te-up relates to the works of Ms. Jilani tion Forum and the AGHS Legal Aid ion in Pakistan, both founded by them. himpaigns and lobbies on women's human free legal services for the victims of d Nation's goal of eliminating gender gir has been appointed as the UN Special y and Arbitrary Executions.
killing in Pakistan. Ip. Feminist Daily
ce - http://WWWpeaceWomen.org/newS/; 4).
es of the Human Rights Commission of onour' crimes. Referring to the case of a l to Kari ("honour' killing) by a local ission pin-points that law enforcers do rom passing such a verdict. With regard our crimes, women members of the the refusal for debate of a Bill on the
m Laws (WLUML). Call for Action: rum statement on Zafran Bibi case. Ip. 004.
esses grave concern at the sentence of the Sessional Courts. This is yet another ustice where the victim of rape, instead 1. WAF calls upon the Government to Shariat Federal Court and revoke the m demands that the Hudood Ordinance fictimisation of innocent women.
n Laws WLUML). Pakistan : Support October 2001. 2p. Source - http:// 2 January 2003).
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Page 300
Refugees from Afghanistan to Pakista and children. This write-up acknowle NGOs in Pakistan towards the up-r Resource Centre is the focal point thro Afghan Women's Network (AWN) : Centre (AWEC) - mobilize themsel providing material support, Shirkat ( through literacy programmes and sup self-reliance and solidarity.
719. Women Living Under Muslim Commission recommends Quisa 1 April 2004.
A consultative workshop held by the Women (NCSW) urges the Governmen against Women by stopping the applica Laws and to declare gender violence a to its perpetrators. The workshop recc violence be compensated adequately a Moreover, "Vani/Swara and 77 Watt have no scope in Islam and strict punish
720. Women Living Under Musli
Family Law in Pakistan : 45 Judgement. Lahore, Shirkat Ga 2000. 64 p.
This bulletin is an outcome of the ten Pakistan and upheaval of society by r. the State. The government therefore, Family Law Ordinance (MFLO) of 1 conformity with the injunction of Islan for lobbying and advocacy on wome supported by various state commissio
Discreetionary punishment.
Traditional practice of surrendering a same is known as Swara.
Parentally arranged marriage in which to the siblings of another family-a kind o thus exchanged between the families.
2

n include a high proportion of women dges the support pledged by women's ooted women. Shirkat Gah Women's ugh which the women of Afghanistan - nd the Afghan Women's Educational ves for refugee welfare work. While jah also promotes women's education ports women's mobilization to achieve
Laws WLUML). Pakistan Women's s Law be amended. (Grebels (France)).
National Commission on the Status of t to adopt strict measures to end violence tion and misuse of the Quisas and Diyat s "non-compoundable with punishment ommends that women victims of family nd the accused be tried under "Tazeer'. a/Sutta are pre-Islamic traditions and ment should be provided for the accused.
m Laws. Women's rights in Muslim ears of recommendations vs. the FSC h Women's Resource Centre. January
sion between women's human rights in 2ligious extremism, much supported by has made a move to amend the Muslim 961 “so as to bring the provisions into h. This bulletin serves to provide a tool :n's rights within the family, strongly ns on women's status during the period
woman for compounding a murder case. The
a brother and sister of one family are married finsurance of good treatment for the daughters
34

Page 301
1956 to 1999. This document provide relating to women's rights in marriage inheritance, providing for women agai Pakistan's national and international
the provisions in the personal laws, tc National Plan of Action and CEDAW,
JAC Press statement. P63.
The Joint Action Committee (JAC) pro Federal Shariat Court (FSC) that it int. and bears a gender bias. JAC calls upo
rights groups to take concrete action ag of the FSC itself.'.
HRCP Dismayed at challengi
A news item published in a mainstrea Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) con Law Ordinance (MFLO) as "...a sever Pakistan' with regard to divorce and these two has led to many pending c.
WO 10:1.
721. Women Living Under Musli action from Pakistan. Grabels
This report focuses on the protest governmental organizations on state cri rights organizations. Women's NGOs of the 15th Amendment to the Const programme and minority rights in Pal attitude of the government towards NGOs to protest against harassment, State against Shirkat Gah and other w
722. Women I's J. Ministry to fun
November 2002.
Acid-throwing is a common form of cri in Pakistan. A burn-unit, funded by and Social Welfare is being set up at th

s extracts from the commission reports , child marriage, polygamy, divorce and nst family/traditional violence. It views ommitments to protect and strengthen safeguard women's rights through the
vides a critique on the judgement of the erferes with the human rights of women n all women's organisations and human ainst "... the judgement and the existence
ng of Family Laws. P64.
m newspaper, where the Human Rights siders the amending of Muslim Family e blow to the rights of every woman in inheritance, as the relationship between ourt cases filed by widows and divorced
m Laws (WLUML). Urgent alert for (France). 15 May 1999. 5p.
aunched by women members of nonticism on NGOs, specifically on women's had staged a campaign against passing itution Bill with regard to the nuclear kistan. WLUML condemns the negative women activists and urges all women's threats and vilification campaigns of the omen's organizations.
l Burn Unit at hospital. Dawn. 14
ime against women, much more prevalent the Ministry of Women's Development he Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences
285

Page 302
with a special surgical unit to treat the V urges the Ministry of Health to open si counter the gender-based violence of
723. Women's Bill introduced in Pak March 2004. Source - http://w November 2004).
This is a bill to abolish gender discrimi women presented" before the parlial Empowerment of Women Bill propo development and a stop to violence aga marriage so that women have their c conservatives want to keep the curre religion as Zia-ul-Haw (1979), a sec. amend the current Criminal Procedure In addition to honour crimes, this bill under the present law can be accused
724. Women's Convention in Peshawa (s.l), Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan. 1 Ju ; accessed on 8 January 2005).
Jamaat-e-Pakistan a religio-politic; convention in Peshawar focussing on violence against women, including the hundreds of women, several provin Convention has stressed on gender ec harassment of women and support foi targets of gender violence. The allianc and vocational training centres fo opportunities and economic self-relia
725. The World Bank. Improving
Bank report focuses on repro, August 1998. 1 p. (Doc.
www.worldbank.org; accessed
Pakistan, compared to other countrie levels of maternal mortality and repro
2

ctims. Serving as a model, this initiative milar units in provincial capitals so as to
Orture.
istan. Feminist Daily New S. Wire. 3 l. ww.feminist.org/news/; accessed on 15
natory laws that lead to violence against ment for debate. The Protection and ses gender equality in all spheres of inst women - honour killing, and forced wn choice in marriage. However, the nt laws that are made in the name of ond bill is to be introduced in order to Code and the Penal Code of Pakistan.
also provides for victims of rape who of adultery.
ur :’Women laws will be protected”. 2p.
ne 2004. (Source-http://www.jamaat.org/
al organisation has held a women's the need for revised laws dealing with issue of "honour' crimes. Attended by cial and central political leaders the uality in terms of laws against sexual widows and destitutes who are prime 2 plans to set up educational institutions r them to gain access to equal job
CC.
women's health in Pakistan : World tluctive health needs. Islamabad). 4 '9/1918/ASA). Source - http:// on 2 July 2003.
S in South Asia shows relatively high ductive health-related problems. As a
86

Page 303
result of this, the sex ratio of women the health status of women in Pakist Bank to improve the health system in t health programme has been recor administered by the Government of F expresses the urgent need to:
a Expand community-based healt Train and support women healtl Support the expansion of priv. programmes and outreach.
726. Zahra, Sadaf. PTUDC Conde April 2002. Source - http://w accessed on 6 September 2004)
The Pakistan Trade Union Defence Cal of gang-rape of two girls by police refused to register the case when t complaint. This lead to a public prote activities came to a stand-still, and t register the case for investigation alon policemen.
727. Zia, Asma. Fighting violence c P... She. Vol... 19... Source- ICH
Ms. Iqbal, one of the pioneers of the made by the law enforcers to counter in constant coordination with wome (WAF), AGHS, ASK and Aurat Found teenage rape, acid attacks, family viol Set up in Lahore, the Women's Com oriented violence by means of forma wherever necessary.
728. Zia, Shahla. Some experience to Success. P. 372-414, notes, practices and strategies in Pak Shirkat Gah Women's Resourc

o men is low. This web page concerns an and the efforts made by the World he country. A co-ordinated reproductive hmended by the World Bank to be akistan. In this context, the Bank also
h services;
providers in rural areas; te sector services - social marketing
mns police gang-rape. Ip. Lahore. 12 W.W.ptudc.org/News/police rape.html;
mpaign (PTUDC) condemns the incident personnel in Karachi, where the police he girls' father attempted to lodge a st in the locality where all commercial hereafter the police were compelled to g with the previous cases lodged against
gainst women DSP Farkhanda Iqbal. ESArchives on Violence Against Women).
Lady Police Force relates to the efforts
violence against women. The police is l's NGOs viz., Women's Action Forum ation who refer cases that are mostly on ence and dowry-related violence/deaths. plaint Cell deals with cases on genderll procedures and medical examination
s of the Women's Movement strategies
ref. Shaping Women's Lives : Laws, istan. Ed. Farida Shaheed et al. Lahore, e Centre. 1998.
287

Page 304
The women's movement in Pakistan, w era, has gone through various phase oppression, with democratic campaign and denial of women's rights. This p Saima Waheed on the issue of forced in (WAF), a local NGO assisted the vict marry by her own choice without the illustration of positive action against th by retrogressive religious forces that I strong resolutions on the issue of for human rights activists, the mainstream
the Dastak Committee which took tl decided in favour of the victim.
See also Citation Nos. 50, 51, 54 962, 967-70, 976, 978, 981,983, 9

hich originated in a post-independence
in activism during times of political s launched against gender-based abuse aper specifically refers to the case of arriage, where Women's Action Forum m to make a case on Women's right to permission of her guardian. This is an e intimidation and violence perpetrated einforce gender bias. The WAF passed ced marriage, supported by Women's/ media and religious scholars who joined he case to courts where the case was
85, 167, 296, 297, 766, 842, 961, 84, 997, & 1012.

Page 305
1.7 SRI
729. Abeysekera, Sunila. Abortion human rights. P87-93. Reprod
This article analyses, from the point unsuccessful attempt to amend the a Lanka. Concerning women's rights to capacity, the parliamentary debate o lead to a controversy of gender issues parliamentarians on liberalising abor privileged women take to unsafe abor deaths or complications in maternal he continues to see this issue as “...an ac leading to immoral social values', hen to undergo safe abortion, to safeguar
730. Abeysekera, Sunila. Wome observations. P... Women in A
This article highlights the protest act state hostilities against civilians, es Lanka. While briefing on the protests action groups against armed conflict, t Front (Jaffna) as the pioneers wh “disappearance” of young men tal Subsequently, the Mothers' Front in th justice and acknowledgement for the
731. Accused in rape case gets 10 y
The purpose of this news item is to u violence. Evidently, the High Courto has sentenced a youth to 10 years of ri and in default a term of 6 months impr upon a 16 year-old school girl. The victim is a minor and was threatened to her family or anyone else.
732. Adikaram, Arosha. An expl Work place. Colombo, Friedric

LANKA
in Sri Lanka in the context of Women's ictive Health Matters. No.9. May 1997.
-of-view of women's human rights an bortion laws in the Penal Code of Sri control her sexuality and reproductive in abortion, marriage and divorce laws and the gender-insensitive views of the tion. It is evident that rural and undertion methods that often lead to maternal alth. Yet, the sexual politics in Sri Lanka :t against religious and cultural norms, ce the laws provide no scope for women
their health and human rights.
n and Peace in Sri Lanka . Some ction. Issue No.3. 1999.
ion of women's groups in retaliation to pecially in the war-torn regions of Sri , lobbying and campaigning of Women's his document comments on the Mother's o Staged a mass protest against the cen into custody by security forces. 2 South organised themselves demanding disappearance' of their family members.
ears' RI. Daily News. 10 June 2004.
ncover the degree of penalty for sexual f Chilaw in the North Western Province, gorous imprisonment with a cash penalty, sonment for the crime of rape committed sentence was based on the fact that the oy the offender not to reveal the incident
ratory study on Sexual Harassment at h Ebert-Stiftung. 2003. 6p.; notes; tables.
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Page 306
In any work institution, the mere lack women is not an indication of the absent to uncover the types of sexual harass main course/factors that affect wome formal complaint with the management Sri Lankan women towards sexual har sample questionnaire is being circulat women's participation is highest. The
from an industry which has the lowes data gathered will be used to explore th lodging formal complaints against such such acts.
733. AIDS in Sri Lanka and South
Jayawardene]. The Island. 1 De
In Sri Lanka the sex workers, compos group. Yet, the efforts on HIV/AIDS p. advisor to National Country Progran situation of HIV/AIDS epidemics in S the urgent need to expand on efforts services to the victims. He recomm initiatives in:
O Formulating policies to regulate
issue;
O Launching large scale programm
primary, Secondary and tertiary
o Promoting mass media campa
preventive measure.
734. A mendments to the Penal Coc
Society Trust Review. October
The right to free abortion is a controve considered women's rights, and a legal inquiry on abortion laws in rela code. The amendments see the right t result of rape, and health of the chil pregnancy. Drawing in the case of Il traditional society, the participants hig
2

of evidence on sexual harassment to e of such incidents. This study attempts ment in workplaces and explores the h's decision-making against lodging a ... Further, it aims to explore attitudes of assment at the workplace. A structured 2d to two major industry groups where : results are compared with a sample it number of women workers, and the e main factors preventing women from harassment and attitudes in perceiving
Asia I. Interview with Dr. Hemamal cember 2004.
ed mostly of women form a high-risk revention are still at a micro-level. The mme Against HIV/AIDS portrays the ri Lanka and South Asia, emphasising to prevent AIDS and to offer support 2nds that the state/NGO sectors take
; sex work, rather than criminalize the
hes on reproductive health education at levels of education; igns on the issue of 'safe sex' as a
le : Abortion laws. P45-47. Law & 1995.
rsial issue in Sri Lanka, though this is socio-economic issue. This report is a ation to the amendments to the penal o abortion in cases of pregnancy as a d that necessitates the termination of hdia where abortion is permitted in a ghlighted the need for legal reforms on
20

Page 307
abortion in Sri Lanka and the need for medical personnel who are involved i
735. Amnesty International. New Lanka. P... 28 January 2002. (A
- http://web.amnesty.org; acces
Allegations of custodial rape and tor increased in Sri Lanka. This news rele torture of two women - Ms. Sivan Ehamparam from the district of Mann Reporting on the above cases Amnes women in Sri Lanka, in contrast to
CEDAW (Committee on the Eliminatio Women) to which Sri Lanka is a signa
736. Amnesty International. Urg safety - Velan Rasamma (34) & 1997. P... (AI Index ASA37/009) accessed on 22 December 2002)
An appeal was made regarding the all by two women, Ms. Velan Rasamma, ; in Mayilampaveli Colony, Batticaload complaint to the local police, a medi women at the local hospital on 19 Mar the alleged perpetrators. In view of violence in the areas of armed cont Government of Sri Lanka to take lega violence and to provide a remedy for
737. Amnesty International. Urg
execution/rape-Murugesupillai Index ASA 37/013/1997).
In the context of armed conflict betv opposition groups in the north and east reports of arbitrary arrests, detentions, and extrajudicial executions. In this r the State to provide gender justice in
ا 4

gender sensitivity of the judiciary and
the process.
's Release : Rape in custody in Sri AI Index. ASA 37/001/2002). (Source sed on 15 July 2003).
ture by security forces have markedly ase sheds light on the alleged rape and many Sinnathamby and Ms. Wiji kala ar, by officials of a special police unit. ty considers the abuse of the rights of the ratification made by Sri Lanka at n of All forms of Discrimination Against tory.
2nt Actions : Sri Lanka . Rape/fear for Velan Vasantha (28). 21 s.l). March
1997). Source - http://web.amnesty.org;
eged complaint of custodial gang rape, widow, and her sister, Velan Vasantha, istrict, on 17 March 1997. Following the cal examination was carried out on the ch. Yet, no action had been taken against he constant reporting of gender-based lict, Amnesty International urges the laction against the perpetrators of such the victims.
ent Action: Sri Lanka. Extrajudicial Koneswary (35). [s.l). 21 May 1997. (AI
veen the security forces and the armed of Sri Lanka, there have been continuing torture, custodial rape, 'disappearances' port, Amnesty International calls upon he case of custodial rape and murder of
91

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a young mother Ms. Murugesupillai ) also holds the government responsibl and her sister Ms. Velan Vasantha early where the observers doubt if the perpe the soldiers were released on bail.
738. Amnesty International. Sri Lc
12. South Asia : Action for Chi (AI Index. ASA 04/03/98).
This is an appeal by Amnesty Internal against extrajudicial killing of chilc N. Sivathisini a 3-year old girl who v Camp and later 'disappeared has bee rights organisations and activists to rai human rights of children in South As responsibility of the State to promote a the unlawful action of armed forces.
739. An Act to provide for the makin
domestic violence and for matters 12p. (Doc. D.O 8/2002). Sour Sri lanka ; accessed on 18 Januar
In Sri Lanka, there are no specific law that is currently treated under the cr sensitivity of the issue that involves r needed to provide for the abused who draft proposal deals with the issue of do protection to the victims. The docum followed in granting an applicant inter the courts to grant legal protection to
740. Argenti-Pillen, Alex. "It was Civil war, national mental h community of trauma specialisi How Women contain violence i University of Pennslyvania Pres
The author presents a list of NGOs traumatised as a result of the civil war a
2

Xoneswary in the Eastern province. It a for the rape of Ms. Velan Rasamma n the same year and in the same district, trators will be brought to justice, since
Inka : Children “disappeared”. P. 11dren : Appeal cases. s.l. April 1998.
ional to the Government of Sri Lanka tren in armed conflict. The case of vas detained in the Boys Town Army in brought to the notice of all human se consciousness about the Violation of ia. Amnesty International stresses the und protect children's rights, as against
g of Protection Orders in instances of connected there with or incidental thereto.
ce — http://WWW. WomenWarpeace.org/ y 2003).
S against domestic and family violence iminal code. Taking into account the marriage and children, a special law is are mostly women and children. This mestic violence in Sri Lanka to provide ent encompasses the procedure to be im protection, enhancing the power of he victim.
it like that when we were young' . ealth NGOs and the international s. P. 159-194; notes. Masking Terror : n Southern Sri Lanka. Pennslyvania. S. 2003.
working with those mentally ill or nd mental health programmes presented
2.

Page 309
at the National Mental Health Week. TI Women, in particular, War widows to en care activities - their outreach capac providing an outline of the ways in W slum, face the atrocities of a prolong and conceive mental health/trauma co author questions the effects of introdu international community into a war-tor where traumatised survivors resort violence.
741. Asian Development Bank A operations. P27-35, tables, no, Sri Lanka. (s.l}. May 1999.
Women are emerging as heads of ho East of Sri Lanka, many of them traui generation for family survival. This pa of the Bank should focus on poor wo civil conflict, displaced and women background study, documenting the in be completed. While highlighting t thousands of Women heads of househo identifies avenues through which AD) post-conflict era. Evidently, women's over the past two decade should be in in community activities and programm
W OC.
742. Asian Human Rights Comm gang rape, sexual assault in cu
Source - http://www.ahrchk.ne
A case of custodial rape where the juc of the security forces for the alleged Islands. Evidently, the women wer personnel and subjected to rape and threats thereafter, were kept under th AHRC makes an urgent call to all hu
A pseudonymn for the village.
2

he NGO outreach programmes involve gage in community-based mental health ities limited by “widowhood”. While /hich women of Udahengama, a rural ed conflict, she explores how they use punselling services. In this context, the cing trauma counselling services by the n, non-western, tradition-bound society, o culture-specific practices to contain
DB). Gender issues relevant to bank tes. Country Briefing Paper : Women in
Jseholds in the war-ravaged North and matised and seeking avenues of income per recommends that the gender strategy men, in particular, those affected by the heads of households. It suggests that a npact of civil war on Sri Lankan women he economic impact that has created blads and the extent of poverty, the study 3 could provide assistance for them in a organisations whose growth is visible corporated as potential partners to work es for the empowerment of war-afflicted
ission AHRC). Sri Lanka : Torture, stody. Hong Kong). 11 April 2001. 4.p. t; accessed on 15 March 2003.
ge has ordered the arrest of 4 members gang rape of two women in the Mannar e taken for investigations by Navy
torture. The victims faced with death he protection of the Bishop of Mannar. man rights/women’s rights institutions
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and activists to appeal to the Naval-C General to ensure that the perpetratic provided with legal protection and coi
743. Asian Migration Centre. 199 Kong. 4p. Source - http://www O 13 April 2003).
Women form the majority of the migra workers in the informal sector, where th from maltreatment to sexual abuse
Government within the past few ye protecting the rights and welfare of mi required to register at the Sri Lankan B in order to prevent any illegal recruitr protection mechanisms for them. This with health coverage for the fami compensation in the event of accidents for the women on handling modern h No.21 is found to be inadequate t malpractices against Women work harassment by employers. Attempts legislation with a new set of laws in k Protection of Rights of All Migrant W Evidently, migrant support groups are
and implement laws that safeguard the to network with regional support gro issue. The groups call for the revision binding job contracts both in the host recruiting agencies should undertake th of the workers.
744. Bina Roy Partners in De awareness among graduate Reproductive Health : Sri Lai [SLFUIW). Geneva, IFUW [I Women). 2004. Source - http:/. 2005).
Sri Lanka has no national policy ri education.

ommander General and the Attorneyors are brought to justice and victims mpensated adequately.
7 Country Profile : Sri Lanka. Hong V. migrationinformation.org/ ; accessed
unt labour force, employed as domestic ey face many a form of violence ranging by their employers. The Sri Lankan ars has introduced policies aimed at grant workers, whereby all workers are ureau of Foreign Employment (SLBFE) ment abroad and to provide appropriate includes free insurance for the worker ly, repatriation benefits, travel and . SLBFE conducts training programmes household appliances. The SLBFE Act o deal with the numerous forms of ars, specifically the issue of sexual are being made to replace the current eeping with the UN Convention on the orkers and Members of their Families. lobbying among policy makers to adopt e rights of migrant workers with efforts bups for effective coordination on the of procedures in order to issue legallyt country and state of employment and e responsibility of promoting the welfare
velopment Programme. Raising S and non-graduate women about nka Federation of University Women nternational Federation of University (www.ifuw.org; accessed on 12 August
garding reproductive health and sex
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Page 311
Hence, SLFUW leads to raise the aw non-graduates on the issue of sexual/ the Bina Roy Programme of 7°IFUW based issues of contraception, unw transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS a of workshops at the university level.
745. CARE East. Towards a Right-b Violence : A Batticaloa persp append.
An approach to preventive and curati violence, within the framework of wor women in the conflict-ridden East of S and gender justice are at stake. Whil service providers, the report examines and the State sector, identifying the "l programmes are evaluated in this co Project of CARE and the District
community intervention is used to p provide support services for victims suggestions and long-term strategies, t who wish to address the issue of gen
746. CARE International. CARE for Health Project (WASH). P.
careinternational.org; accessed
In recognition of women headed house and East of Sri Lanka, the Water and encourages the women's participation at reducing the incidence of disease an conditions in War-afflicted areas, the in 'cleared' and "uncleared areas thro wells and latrines. The rebuilding of and hygiene education program fo information campaigns on better h children. The project also advocates fo to hold positions of responsibility in t
7 International Federation of University
مم محمد

areness of young women graduates and reproductive health. In partnership with , this project seeks to address genderanted pregnancies, abortion, Sexually mong the young women through a Series
ased approach to ending Gender-based ective. Batticaloa. 2004. 39p.; tables;
ve measures to eliminate gender-based men's human rights, this report discusses ri Lanka where personal security, health e exploring the available categories of UN Agencies, international/local NGOs oop-holes in their services. Two major ntext, viz., the Gender-Based Violence Level Community Task Force where revent violence against women and to s of violence. With recommendations, his publication is a useful guide for those der violence.
Programmes : Water and Sanitation ... s.l. 2001. 2p. Source - http://www. on 9 January 2003
holds during armed conflict in the North Sanitation for Health Project (WASH) in displacement and resettlement. Aimed ld epidemics caused by unsanitary living : project is implemented in Battticaloa, ugh the construction or rehabilitation of basic infrastructure is linked to a health or community health Workers to run ygiene practices, in particular among r women to be given an equal opportunity he Water User Groups.
Women.
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747. CARE International. Briefde, 6 June 2003. 3p. Source -ICES,
This is a summary of the Women. He aims to improve the knowledge, skil organisations in order to increase t households as decision-makers in a war by VOICE, a project of CARE, this effo and local NGOs, and donors, working family members in the wake of civi displacement. VOICE plans to condu leads to the creation of strategic linkag to promote the needs and rights of wo
748. Cat's Eye : Signing for peace. T
This column acknowledges the effort fire' in Sri Lanka through an island-wic of Women Against War (AWAW) fron signatures from women whose family action, requesting the Government of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) to enter into a ne civil War. Members of the AWAW counterparts, as part of a campaign
irrespective of community, class or ca
749. Centre for Family Services (C Source - http://WWW.hivos.nl :
CFS plays an important role in the Sri L marginalised/traumatised women, in p rural poor. War widows were the target encompassed women heads of househo a savings fund, credit scheme and to c betterment.
750. Centre for Policy Alternative Property [and] Dowry. P52-55 land and property in Batticaloa, Jal
Draft.

scription of WHIH Project. Batticaloa. Archives on Violence Against Women).
aded Households (WHH) Project that ls, attitudes and behaviour of partner he involvement of women heads of -affected region of the country. Planned rt facilitates networking of international with women who have lost their male war and/or during repeated internal ct a WHH Summit in June 2003 that es with NGOs, donors and media so as men heads of households.
he Island. 23 January 2002.
s of rural women urging for a 'ceasele signature campaign. The Association n the South has collected thousands of y members are servicemen missing in Sri Lanka and the Liberation Tigers of gotiated solution to end the devastating have visited the North to meet their to include all women victims of war
Ste.
FS). [s.l], HIVOS Counterparts. 2p. accessed on 16 January 2003).
ankan women’s movement to empower articular psycho-social support for the group to begin with, and the programme lds to form women's groups to establish organise community activities for their
s (CPA). Women's Right over Marital . Women's access to and ownership of fna and the Vanni. Colombo. April 2005.

Page 313
This section of the draft concerns the No.3 (1993) in the LTTE-controlled are: access to and ownership of matrital p rights to a married woman to dispose and half of that owned after marriage women whose spouses are displacedo Unlike the provisions of the Jaffna, M the spouse's written consent for the w sees the woman as an individual, in
relation to the transaction of dowry at
has implemented The Law Banning
offence, and the granting of a gift/do marriage, requires the permission of t law does not effectively prohibit gifts/d in marriage has no control whatsoever
751. Centre for Women's Researc Persons and Property. Ed. Kama 28p.; ill.
Published in simple English language how the law can protect and provide fo to explain the various laws that are app Lanka, revealing the levels of gender dis to abortion and other forms of gender custodial, child), sexual abuse, sexual h and the sexual abuse of children, servi the available legal provision for gende
752. Centre for Women's Researc Sexist venom. Colombo. Soul on 21 June 2004).
This is a protest in response to a ne Ginger : Female Three- wheeler drive looks upon women as sexual objects a are open to sexual advances by custom by CENWOR protests against sexu mainstream media which in turn denie self-worth, intelligence and innate qua
* The Island, 7th September, 2000.

Tamil Eelam Tesawalamai Law, Act as of the North, which governs women's operty. The Act provides independent or deal with her own private property . This is specifically advantageous to r 'missing as a result of the civil war. Iatrimonial Ordinance which requires oman to deal with her assets, This Act recognition of her property rights. In the time of a woman's marriage, LTTE Dowry, No.4 (1995) as a punishable nation to the spouse at the time of the he LTTE District Court. However, this onations, upon which the woman given
h (CENWOR). Rights to Safety of lini Wijayatilake et al. Colombo. 1995.
with illustrations, this booklet explains r victims of violence. The booklet aims licable to women's human rights in Sri crimination contained therein. It relates -based violence - rape (marital, gang, arassment, incest, trafficking of women ing as a guide for open discussions on
crimes.
h (CENWOR). Morning spice and ce - http://www.cenwor, Ik ; accessed
ws item entitled "Morning Spice by 2rs for a better service'. This column nd implies that women trishaw drivers ers. The signature campaign launched al objectification of women in the s recognition of a human being for her lities.

Page 314
753. Centre for Women’s Resea workers of Sri Lanka . Gover, [Colombo). 3p. [Source — Sou on 21 June 2004.
This web document explores the prot by the Foreign Employment Bureau to by migrant women workers. The mea
O A contract registration schem credibility of perspective emplo o Appointment of welfare officers
East and Far-Eastern countries particular women are employec O Establishment of an Overseas
houses, legal assistance for vict workers; O A welfare centre with medical
airport to attend to the needs of
754. Centre for Women and Develo essential to improve the stati 2001. 2p. Unpublished). Sourc Women).
This is a brief outline on possible lega oriented violence such as rape, sexu prostitution and torture. Referring t address gender based violence, CWD authority, media and community-based a socio-legal reform in order to count
755.. Centre for Women and Dev the programmes and project ICES Archives on Violence Ag
CWD is a women's NGO committed particular, internally displaced in the medical personnel and state offici programme on health education to me affected areas suffering from malnu food supplements to pregnant women welfare centres.

rch (CEN WOR). Women migrant ament policy and support mechanism.
rce - http://www.cenwork; accessed
:ctive and welfare measures introduced address the abuse and exploitation faced sures include:
e that requires the verification of the byers by Sri Lankan overseas missions; to the Sri Lankan missions in the Middle where large numbers of Sri Lankans, in
as domestic aids;
Workers Welfare Fund to provide 'safe ims of abuse and repatriation of stranded
facilities located near the international
returnees.
opment (CWD). Constitutional reforms us of women in society. Jaffna. June 'e -ICES Archives on Violence Against
reforms to protect women from genderall harassment in the workplace, forced o the inadequacy of current laws that | gives suggestions as to how the police organisations together could bring about er gender violence.
elopment. ICWD). A brief outline of s). Jaffna, 5 May 2000. P. (Source - ainst Women).
to the social upliftment of women, in : North. Together with social workers, als, the organisation has launched a set the needs of pregnant women in wartrition. The women's group distributes and lactating mothers at the community/
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756. CIDA [Canadian Internati
LankaIn Peace Process : Graf
(Source - http://www.acdi-cida.
CIDA has provided a special grant to U and child health, nutritive supplemen pregnant women and lactating mothe Aiming to reduce the high rate of m conflict society, this is a component of for children in War Zones.
757. CIDA Canadian International Equity Project. Colombo. 2 cida.gc.ca; accessed on 14 Dece
This project contributes to the developm gender issues, in particular legal aid violence in many parts of Sri Lanka. I development of support services for vi sessions, awareness-raising program Women vulnerable togender-based vio dialogue.
758. CIMEL (Centre for Islami INTERIGHTS (The Internati of Human Rights). Sri Lanka. "Crimes of Honour. London. Dec
This directory concerns the activities of on Violence Against Women whose of She reports ongender-oriented violen conducting on-site Visits and urging
regarding individual cases. Her repc honour killings, abduction, forced m for refusal to forced marriage. The diri and organisations engaged in comba perpetrated upon women. It encompass officials, community-based organisation on their specific task and contact infor
2

onal Development Agency). Sri nt to UNICEF. [s.l]. 3 June 2004. 3p. gc.ca; accessed 25 August 2004)
NICEF to improve services on maternal its and pre and post-natal care for the rs in war-ridden parts of Sri Lanka. aternal morbidity/mortality in a postthe programme launched by UNICEF,
Development Agency. Shakti Gender
003.1 p. (Source - http://WWW.acdic mber 2003).
ent of broad-based networks addressing and counselling for victims of gender nitiated in 1996, the grant leads to the ctims through media outreach, training mes, income generating projects for lence, issue-related research and policy
c & Middle Eastern Law) and onal Centre for the Legal Protection
p. 33. Directory : Initiatives to address ember 2002.
f the United Nations Special Rapporteur ice is based in the capital of Sri Lanka. ce, its causes and consequences while communication with the governments »rt on honour crimes include torture, arriage and detention in 'safe custody' ectory outlines activities of individuals ting the practices of "honour crimes Ses lawyers, activists, researchers, State S and Women's/human rights institutions, 'mation.
99.

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759. Committee to Protect Jour) threatened after covering alle Colombo. April 2001. Source. on 11 May 2004).
This document expresses concern on forces. Emphasising the freedom of p appeals to the State regarding the inci Mannar district, and the death threat reported on the incident.
760. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. Sri
rights of women and the gendel Violence in the family. Report by Against Women, its causes Coomaraswamy Submitted in acCC Resolution 1995/85. 10 March 19
The Special Rapporteur while welco with respect to violence against WC mechanisms to prosecute and redress to the issue of marital rape, she urges a strategy encompassing legislation provision of services for victim-survi
761. CoomarasWamy, Radhika. Sr rights of Women and the gender Report by the (UN) Special Rap causes and Consequences Ms. Communication to and from Go 1999/68/Add. 1).
The Special Rapporteur presents case women and girls in the North and Eas - 1998. While referring to rape and women of ethnic minorities, the repo against the perpetrators and the remedi
762. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. V Lanka: State of Human Rights 19

nalists (CPJ). Sri Lanka . Reporter aged rape of jailed Tamil women. P... - http://www.cpj.org/protests/; accessed
the rape of women detained by security ress and protection for journalists, CPJ dence of custodial rape of women in the by Security forces to the journalist who
Lanka. P. 37-38. Integration of the human perspective : Violence against women: the (UN]Special Rapporteur on Violence S and consequences Ms. Radhika ordance with Commission on Human Rights )99. (E/CN.4/1999/68).
oming the revisions to the Penal Code men, highlights the lack of adequate cases of domestic violence. Referring the Government to take steps to develop , training, access to statistics and the vors of domestic violence.
i Lanka. P 7-9. Integration of the human perspective : Violence against Women : porteur on Violence Against Women, its Radhika Coomaraswamy : Addendum : vernments. 11 January 1999. (E/CN.4/
S on alleged sexual violence suffered by t of Sri Lanka during the period of 1996 murder committed by armed forces on Drt questions the degree of State action es provided to victims and their families.
olence against Women. P. 177-2 10. Sri 97. Colombo, Law & Society Trust. 1998.
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Sri Lanka is a signatory to the Conven Discrimination Against Women (CEDA 19 (1992) deals entirely with the issue discrimination that inhibits a woman fi the basis of gender equality. As a votert of Violence against Women (1993) wh gender-related violence, Article 2 (2) address gender discrimination throug subordinate legislation or executive a In this context, Sri Lanka has adopted t implementation. This chapter attempts against women in Sri Lanka in relation that relates to gender-based violence. the Penal Code, the National Plan of Act Affairs has put forward a major the strategies to combat gender violence. forms of gender violence as well as disappearances, torture and forced disp out that adequate Social services are la for the victims-survivors of violence. Followed by an analysis of the crimi with a summary on the social servi projects/ programmes to eradicate vio the need to include the network of w.
763. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. Ra including Sexual harassment. S Rapporteur on Violence Against Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy. 1:
In the section dealing with rape and s November 1995 amendments to the P minimum sentence for a rape convi aggravated cases, such as custodial Women, at ten years.
In the section referring to violence aga notes that 94 per cent of the women mig Workers. She acknowledges that dome Lanka's embassies abroad, and that th sending of migrant workers - a prosp “Certificate of Registration” issued on contract, prior to departure. The Ove
3

tion on the Elimination of All forms of W), in which General Recommendation of gender-based violence as a form of 'om enjoying her freedom and rights on o the UN Declaration on the Elimination ich clearly defines the various forms of of the Constitution of Sri Lanka aims to gh "...special provisions such as laws, ction for the advancement of women.' he Women's Charter to guide the policy to unfold the various issues on violence to the legal framework and state policy Following the recent amendments to tion adopted by the Ministry of Women's me on violence against Women, with The Plan of Action concerns traditional gender abuses due to armed conflict - lacement. In all these cases it is pointed cking, particularly at provincial levels
nal justice system the paper concludes ces necessary to implement effective lence against Women in Sri Lanka, and omen’s NGOs in the process.
pe and Sexual violence against Women 'ection III. Report of the (UN) Special Women, its causes and consequences, 2 February 1997. (E/CN.4/1997/47)
sexual violence, the report refers to the 'enal Code in Sri Lanka which sets the ction at seven years and, for certain ape, gang rape or rape of a pregnant
inst women migrant workers, the report grating were to be employed as domestic stic workers have sought shelter in Sri le state has imposed regulations on the lective migrant worker must possess a ly upon presentation of an employment rsees Employment Act also prescribes
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that overseas employers are required t benefits for the migrant workers.
764. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. Sri Rapporteur on Violence Against Ms. Radhika Comonaraswamy: A CN.4/1997/47. Add.4)
The Rapporteur has transmitted the ( Kumaraswamy who was gang- raped, security forces, to the government. T that along with her body, those of her recovered and buried at State expel connection with this case. In response ordered a police investigation and mag inquiries would be held in Jaffna to fa
765. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. [Th Geneva, United Nations Centre fo (Source — ICESArchives on Viol
This letter was sent to the Permaner United Nations, referring to the case of c viz., Ms. Krishanthy Kumaraswamy in in the principles of international law UN Special Rapporteur on Violence : Government to "...ensure that the p prosecuted and convicted in a man humanitarian standards'.
766. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. O the law in Sri Lanka. P49-61. strategies from around the World
This paper draws attention to the 'g against women, in terms of their inade by the judiciary in Sri Lanka. Whiled violence, the author relates to South. Bangladesh where the judiciary gives violence against Women.

o cover the cost of travel and medical
Lanka . P. 3. Report of the (UN) Special Women, its causes and consequences, ddendum.s.l. 30 January 1997. (E/
:ase of a school girl, Ms. Krishanthy and killed in Jaffna by the Sri Lankan he information subsequently indicated mother, brother and a neighbour, were nse. Nine Suspects were arrested in : to her reporting, the government has isterial inquiry, and that further judicial cilitate access to witnesses.
e case of Krishanthy Coomaraswamy). or Human Rights. 4 Navember 1996. 2p. ence against Women).
it Representative of Sri Lanka in the :ustodial rape and murder of a schoolgirl the war-torn Northern region. Drawing concerning rape in armed conflict, the Against Women urges the Sri Lankan erpetrators of the alleged crime are ner consistent with the international
f Kali Born : Women , violence and Freed Om from Violen Ce : Women'S I. New York, UNIFEM. 1992.
aps in laws that provide for crimes acquacies and legal 'assumptions' made ealing with laws on rape and domestic Asia, in particular India, Pakistan and s a raw deal for cases on traditional
O2

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767. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. Wo Women at Crossroads: A Sri Lan et al. 1990.
This article probes the legal status of laws concerning rape, prostitution, W the harassment of women detainees inadequate to cope with the rapid cha by changes in tradition and social va 'little meaning in a Society where the c Therefore, it is essential to have sc education, counselling and public opi
768. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. Violi 41. Solidarity : SAARC Womer
This article contributed by the UN SI Women, relates to the women's mov Charter of Sri Lanka that has comprehe oriented violence in the criminal justi inadequate in providing for gender-re human rights are highlighted in this p
769. de Alwis, Malathi. The changii, P675-687; notes, ref. Social R
This paper highlights the politicizatio sponsored violence, in particular, the ro against war-violence. De Alwis addre formed in Southern Sri Lanka during protesting against military occupation kin in the family. The movement include women in the East to form their own m Women activists, politicized by mili atrocities of Security forces and killing turn has lead to many widows/destitute
770. De Jong, Kaz et al., MSF : Psy
Lanka. 26 April 2002.
doctorSWithoutbOrders.Org; access

men and the Criminal Law. P. 149-152. kan perspective. Ed. Sirima Kiribamune
women in Sri Lanka, referring to the ife abuse, abortion, custodial rape and s. The provisions of these laws are unge of Social structures, accompanied lues. Moreover, the provisions are of oncept of shame prevents legal action. ocial reforms in terms of awareness, nion in addition to legal reform.
lence against Women in Sri Lanka. P35l's Journal, Issue.5, 1998.
becial Rapporteur on Violence Against ement in Sri Lanka and the Women's insive provisions with regard to genderce system. Areas of legislation that are lated crimes and violation of women's
aper.
ng role of Women in Sri Lankan society. e Search. Vol. 69, No.3. Fall 2002.
in of women in an era of war and State le of the women's movement in agitating 'sses the role played by Mothers Front the Second JVP insurrection in 1984, 1 and the "disappearance of their male 'd women of all categories which inspired ovement against the ravaging civil war. tant groups are in protest against the of their male family members, which in
individuals in the community.
chological trauma of the civil war in Sri 3p.; notes. Source- http://www. ed on 15 August 2003).
03

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This is a survey conducted by Medic internally displaced from North and Ea reveals that more than 50% of w ( psychological problems as a result of ar in the state and rebel-controlled areas S programmes in the camps of Vavuniya raising, strengthening the community S long-term, war-affected communities local, trained staff. Part of the progra trained community health workers
community problems and family viole them. Since almost all cases of Suicide MSF and the local government are wc control and the sale of poison. At the o of medical supplies has lead to the es psychological assistance programmes
771. de Mel, Neloufer. Mother poli
the contemporary Sri Lankan M
Women & the Nation's Narrative
Century Sri Lanka. Colombo, Soc
In this chapter, the author relates to the groups, within a framework of women' Women's groups in the country comm activist, Rajani Thiranagama killed by protest, with a renewed sense of urge life free from both state and militant \ efforts made by Women's Action Com violation of women's rights with regard communities in the hands of State and m Front, a protest group against State ki argues that women's movements are particular mother culture’, as well as movements.
772. Derechos Human Rights. Sri L. action requested. s.l.. 11 A
WWW.derechos.org/ Saran/lanka; :

ins Sans Frontieres (MSF) among the st residing in welfare centers. The study )men in the age group 24-25 have med conflict and related issues. Working ince 1986, MSF conducts mental health . Their activities include consciousness upport, reinforcing coping strategies for and providing counselling Services by mme is on suicide prevention through who monitor the camp residents for nce, while providing counselling to help attempts involve agricultural poisons, rking to impose rigid measures on the nset of the 'cease fire a free movement tablishment of long-term medical and
for the war-affected.
tics and Women's Politics . Notes on women's movement. P. 233-278, notes. } : Gender and nationalism in twentieth rial Scientists’ Association. 2001.
2 incident of protest action by women's S movement in contemporary Sri Lanka. emorated the life and death of woman LTTE in Jaffna in the year 1989. This hcy, called for an end to the war and to iolence. The chapter also draws in the mittee (WAC) that raised issues on the to atrocities faced by women of minority hilitant personnel. Referring to Mothers' lings and calling for peace, the author argely influenced by local cultures, in political institutions and other social
anka : Violence against women — Your ugust 1999. P... Source - http:// accessed on 11 September 2003.
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This is a response by a human rights murder of women in the war-afflicted group. Referring to the information r( murder of Ms. Farida Ida Carmalitta by the Derechos Human Rights Organisa NGOs to appeal to the Government o and exhaustive inquiry' on this case a
773. de Silva, Indralal. A review of
biblio. Expenditure for reprodu Lanka /Prp. Ravi P. Rannan-Eli Studies. July 2000.
This paper evaluates current policy fra goals of:
O Ensuring safe motherhood and
morbidity and mortality;
O Increasing public awareness ol
issues;
O Maintaining current declining
population size at least, by the r
The state sponsored family planning challenging issues - Strategic transition planning, to a gender sensitive and clic needs to be addressed. In this context, and monitors maternal/child health and The paper emphasizes on the need fo gender-friendly, family planning/repro women's health and well-being.
774. Dias, Eshan. The path to leg
6 June 2004.
This article relates to Clause (3) and (1 of 2004, which states that "... women' relating to childbirth as an attempt to While criticizing the language used in of the high incidence of female foeti views emergency contraception as a unwanted pregnancy, and to ensure th
3.

group against custodial rape and the areas of Sri Lanka, by a human rights ceived by the OMCT on the rape and armed forces in the district of Mannar, tion urges all human rights groups and f Sri Lanka to conduct "...an impartial nd punish the offenders.
Vational Policy in Sri Lanka. P 69-79; |ctive health services in Egypt and Sri ya et al. Colombo, Institute of Policy
mework in Sri Lanka (1998) with major
reducing reproductive health-related
n population and reproductive health
trends in fertility to achieve a stable middle of the 21st century.
programme however, has a number of from maternal/child health and family nt-centered reproductive health which the Family Health Bureau implements ihe national family planning programme. r the state machinery to incorporate a ductive health care, in order to promote
alise Abortion. The Sunday Leader.
2) of the Draft Bill on Women's Rights right to control their bodies and rights legalise abortion as a women's right.” the Bill and warning of the possibility cide through free abortion, the author safe and viable alternative to aborting e dignity of women and of their unborn
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children. This starts a debate on the is against women' and strategies that th Lanka could adopt for the social mark all levels of the public.
775. Dias, Malsiri and Jayasunder to prevent women migrant work of labour. Geneva, ILO. June 20 on Women and Migration).
Women migrant workers from Sri Lan abuses in their employment. However, abuse and exploitation by recruitm countries, Sri Lankan labour laws pro Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employ provide for migrant workers. This rep in promoting, enforcing and Supervisin security measures and welfare fund programmes, the study recommends th
o Strengthen the SLBFE Act in ord and Supervise the labour recruit o Conduct a review to improves
exploitation of Workers; O Institute holistic training progra to develop self-confidence, disc o Promotion of NGO initiatives to build an active movement for ef advocacy and lobbying roles; O Establish a comprehensive, gen labour migration from Sri Lank who were safeguarded by the W.
776. Dissanaike, Tharuka. Women f Strategy. London, Panos Featur
WWW.panos.org.uk; accessed on
A critical evaluation of the current labo of Sri Lanka, where women form t
Emergency contraceptive pill take
prevent pregnancy.
3.

ssue of abortion as a form of violence e Family Planning Association of Sri eting of morning-after pill' to reach
'e, Ramani. Sri Lanka : Good practices ers from going into exploitative forms 01. 59p.; tables; biblio.; annex. (Series
ka face many forms of sexual, physical in prosecuting cases of Sexual/physical ent agencies and employers in host ve to be ineffective. Alternatively, the ment (SLBFE) Act No.21 is obliged to Drt briefs on the role played by SLBFE g the policy/legislation through various S. Based on the limitations of these he following:
er to more effectively regulate, monitor ment trade: support services to prevent abuse and
mmes for prospective women migrants ipline and language/negotiating skills; form migrant worker groups in order to fective awareness raising, networking,
der-sensitive database on international
a with case studies on abused workers elfare programmes.
ace the chop from Sri Lankan Poverty es. 4 March 2004. 3p. [Source - http://
22 January 2005).
Dur laws related to the garment industry he majority of the work force. The
on the day after sexual intercourse will
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government, along with the private do trying to push through legislative chan market, where women workers c acknowledging the trade unions and Ja are vehemently opposed to the laws, th (Termination of Employment of Work Act) which are currently imposing lon
777. Divakara, Premila. Police view Sexual Harassment : Sharing of Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. 1996.
This paper relates to the Women's an by the Police Department of Sri Lar enforcers, this desk handles complaii and othergender-oriented violence. Wo complaints, conduct inquiries and in setting up of this desk, the police fol raising campaigns on gender violenc actions. This paper is a call for NGOs to eliminate sexual harassment in publ
778. The Asia Foundation (TAF).
Violence against women. San Fra
aisa foundation.org; accessed o
The Foundation, over the past two ye. for Women's Research (CENWOF enforcement of the United Nations Con of Discrimination Against Women (CF and testing mechanisms to improve c( professionals, NGOs and the judicia victims of violence. The Foundations the rights of women as an important cc
779. Canada commits more aid to p, Mirror. 6 February 2003.
The Sri Lanka Foundation Institu "Strengthening Combined Community
3.

mestic sector and foreign investors are ges that would create a flexible' labour ould be hired and fired. While natha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) which e paper calls for a reform in the TEWA man Act) and IDA (Industrial Dispute g working hours on women staff.
on Violence against Women. P29-31. experiences and strategies. Colombo,
d Children's Desk (WCD) established ka. Established by the police as law hts on sexual violence, wife battering men police officers are trained to handle vestigate the cases. In addition to the rce is instructed to launch awarenessce in schools, focusing on preventive to co-operate with the police authority ic places.
Programmes by Country : Sri Lanka . ncisco. 2001. lp. Source - http://www. in 19 January 2002).
ars has provided support to the Centre R) to monitor and advocate for the vention for the Elimination of All Forms BDAW). CENWOR will be developing Dordination among the police, medical ry in providing assistance to women upports efforts to promote and protect omponent of its human rights program.
revent Violence against Women. Daily
te has launched a project entitled and Police Action to address Violence
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against Women' aiming to improve thi law enforcers, under the sponsorship Sevawa (RASS) as the partner organi assistance and benefits from the lessc Victim Crisis Unit (VCU) of the Ottav officers in Sri Lanka.
780. CARE International. Capa Organisations in Jaffna (CAB-J. http://WWW.careinternational.org
Funded by the British Government, CA July 2000 to July 2004), targeting the North, in particular, the poor, displace Aiming to strengthen them by impr finances, CAB-JAFFNA deploys the c groups as the ‘tools” to empower the vu their participation in the male-domin borrowers and community leaders in a
781. de Alwis, Malathi [and] Hynd
49; notes. Capacity building in humanitarian assistance in Sri La Ethnic Studies. January 2002.
Women’s health and nutrition are tre conflict and forced displacement that Further, women's reproductive health traditional society to which most of the Fund (UNFPA) works with the gover pre-/post-natal health care. However, addressed by non-governmental agenci Befrienders and MSF Holland. The repc for women in war zones, with suggest
782. De Fontgallad, Guy. Poverty Social development and Povi Bandarawela, Leo Marga Ashra
3.

2 dialogue between the community and of CIDA. With Rajarata Apada Sahana zation, the programme seeks technical ins learned and "best practices' of the va Police,Canada and the senior police
city Building of Community based AFFNA). s.l). 23 June 2004. Source - g.uk; accessed on 15 August 2004.
AB -JAFFNA is a two year project (from internally displaced population in the 'd women in the process of re-settling. Dving their capacity to access microo-operative societies and credit-savings lnerable, returnee-Women, encouraging lated co-operative societies as savers,
post-conflict society.
men, Jennifer. Women’s Health. P.47Conflict Zones : A feminist analysis of anka. Colombo, International Centre for
ated as "non-emergency' issues during have a serious impact on their health. needs are seen as the last priority in a e displaced belong. The UN Population nment, in providing services only for , the issue of mental health services is es such as Family Rehabilitation Centre, ort evaluates the humanitarian assistance ions to rectify their problems.
in the Plantation. P57-88. tables. erty in the Plantation in Sri Lanka. m. 2003.
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In this chapter, the author attempts to related to women's reproductive hea planning. It critically evaluates the st as a viable measure to reduce povert reduce fertility and childbirth rates an special family planning programmes common method is surgical sterilizati 'cheaper and easier to be implemented and maternal/child care. Disproportion undergone tubectomy in Stark contras 2000. While violating women's reproc surgical complications, the programm of poverty.
783. The Domestic Violence Act, 1990 ICES Archives on Violence aga
Though domestic violence is much pre laws to address this issue. This draft recognition of the following:
O Domestic violence as an increas intervention to protect victims;
O Domestic violence is a special c
a personal relationship;
o Current legal provision providin terms of injunctive relief, police;
O Need for a simplified procedur
minimum cost.
784. Domestic Violence Task Forc issues for developing a leg Unpublished). Source -ICES
DVTF was developed as an action gri Sri Lanka, under the guidance of th Against Women. The paper expresses of gender-related violence and the in provide for those who have experien family structure of Sri Lanka. In the at of family violence, this group aims to
3

uncover the issue of gender violence th/rights, in terms of coerced family te initiative to deploy family planning y in the plantation sector, in order to d the number of children born. Of the launched in the plantations the most on, encouraged by the management as in order to save on maternity benefits ately, 60% of the 'eligible women have t to 7% men for vasectomy in the year luctive rights and facing a risk in posta has not lead to a decrease in the level
): Draft. Is...n, s.l.. 1990. 2p. Source - inst Women.
valent in Sri Lanka, there are no special proposes a domestic violence Act in
ing social problem which requires legal
ffence where thé parties involved have
g for domestic violence is inadequate in assistance and protection for the victims; e that enables victims to seek relief at
e DVTF). Domestic Violence . Some al definition. Colombo. 1997. 2p. Archives on Violence against Women).
pup to draft a domestic violence act for e UN Special Rapporteur on Violence concern regarding the social acceptance capability of the current legislation to ced family abuse within the traditional sence of a legislation to protect victims rovide legal remedies for the victims of
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wife abuse, marital rape, dowry-relatec violence against domestic workers anc abortion and sexual Sterilisation.
785. Domestic Violence Task Forc
Violence model legislation for S 1997. 2p. Draft). Source - ICES
This is a prototype code created by DVT for victims of domestic violence and code seeks to consolidate legal remedie lega framework, working together w crimes, at the same time creating a jud abuse. While referring to the prioritie seeks access to information on curren options for victims. The group also id the task force that will conceptualise do in the drafting committee.
786. Domestic Violence Task Force
issues that require policy decisi be eligible to apply for protection, ICES Archives on Violence Aga
This provides information on the provis violence in a situation where the crime and members of the extended family, Lankan society. Relating to the Dome and Malaysia, this document draws at the victim as an important componen cannot provide for the complainants ol
787. Domestic Violence Task F Legislation (Criminal Provision 1997.3p. Unpublished). Sourc Women.
This document enumerates the key as Domestic Violence Act. It includes de by the legislation of Sri Lanka, type:

violence, violence caused by in-laws, violence related to forced pregnancy,
e DVTF). Project to draft Domestic ri Lanka. Prp. Grace Poore. Colombo. Archives on Violence against Women).
CF to serve as a mechanism in providing to punish the perpetrators. This draft S for battered women within the existing 'ith laws that protect victims of other icial mandate in situations of domestic S in preparing the draft, the document it laws and other issues that affect the entifies individuals who can constitute mestic violence legislation and be active
DVTF). Civil Protection Orders. Some ons : Categories of persons who would i. Colombo. 1997. 3p. Draft). Source - inst Women.
ions made to protect victims of domestic
covers violence perpetrated by in-laws much applicable to the scenario in Sri stic Violence Acts in Australia, U.S.A. tention to legal protection provided for t, which the Penal Code of Sri Lanka fdomestic violence.
orce DVTF). Domestic Violence is) : A brainstorming guide. Colombo. e – HCES Archives om Violence Against
pects for consideration in drafting the finitions on the relationships stipulated s of violence experienced in domestic
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abuse, complaint procedures, and mech for the victims, as well as penalties fo
788. Domestic Violence Task Fo Violence Task Force Meeting. C. - March 1997. P... Unpublished against Women.
This is a collection of memoranda amendment to the Penal Code - the Do refer to the commitment made by the
O. Criminal provision for marital r o Powers delegated to the police a O Civil remedies; O Social service provision; O Legislative evaluation.
Recommendations given by the Task penal code, more specifically, police Violence, providing legal protection to social Services.
789. Elek, Sophia. Displaced Women East Sri Lanka : 2003. p... . Line
This study conducted by the Centre fo relates to the specific needs of women I by the Ceasefire Agreement, 2002 ai research sheds light on issues facing di centres and in resettlement/relocation violence is on the increase in these circu and confusion as a result of compulsive ( these women are faced with the risk of However, it is rare that justice is serve inadequate reporting mechanisms anc their rights. Their emotional needs, i. households must be addressed throug most of which cater to the inability oft agencies to receive relief assistance a
3

anism for legal protection and remedies r the perpetrators.
rce (DVTF). Notes from Domestic olombo. December 1996 and January }. (Source -ICES Archives on Violence
from DVTF on works related to the mestic Violence Act. These documents DVTF in terms of:
ape, uthority;
Force are aimed at strengthening the bowers pertaining to cases on domestic the victims and helping them to access
Rights and resettlement in North and es May 2003.
r the Study on Human Rights (CSHR) DPs in a post-conflict era, as sanctioned nd the Subsequent peace process. The Splaced Women living in camps/welfare
Villages, observing that gender-based Imstances of changing social boundaries lisplacement. In the process of resettling, sexual abuse by state/non-state actors. d or even sought after as a result of the i lack of awareness of the Women on n particular, the needs of the heads of h specific psycho-social programmes, he women to contend with aid and State nd on compensation for losses incurred
1

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during the war. The study attempts to de agender sensitive policy for women aff displacement. It aims to achieve protec to reinforce the ability of state and non appropriately with emergency assistar
790. The "Fashion Files' visits Sri New Sletter. ISSue No. 17. D www.cleanclothes.org/news/nev
This is an effort to rectify the poor \ problems of women workers in the ga. Sri Lanka, the project “Fashion Files', of the labour conditions and workers 1 industry. Under this project, students fr sector in S1 i Lankan free trade zone, ob forms of exploitation of physical and S. The observations were transformed ir writers, raising awareness among the faced by women workers in the garme
791. Fernando, Nimalka. Pre-de Advocacy in the migration pro
86CX,
This paper considers the issue of heal migrant women workers, in particular, diseases. A national consultation W many migrant women workers thems based issues. Accordingly:
o The issue on HIV/AIDS should worker, rather than on the requi
O Health insurance policy of the m
to include HIV/AIDS;
o A pre-departure programme fc health/hygiene, reproductive h vulnerability and gender sensiti
Consultative Workshop on Migration
3

:velop right-based guidelines to institute ected by armed conflict and compulsive tions reintegration into normal life and |-state actors to respond effectively and nce and development.
Lanka. P. Clean Clothes Campaign }ecember 2003. [Source — http://
wsletter; accessed on 18 March 2004).
working conditions and gender related rment industry of the free trade Zone in attempts to make young students aware ights in the global garment/sportswear om The Netherlands visited the garment serving that women workers face many exual harassment from their employers. to an urgent appeal by protest- letter buyers in Europe on gender violence !nt industry.
parture, Reintegration and Policy cess. Colombo, IMADR. 2001. 13p.;
th-related violence perpetrated against HIV infection and sexually transmitted as conducted with the participation of elves, concerning advocacy on health
be centred on the needs of the migrant rements of the host country; ligrant should be comprehensive enough
or the worker that should incorporate; lealth issues, safe sex and HIV/AIDS Įvity.
and HIV/AIDS, Colombo, 17 January 2001.
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792. Federation of Muslim Women Lanka . Muslim girls' orphanag s.l. 20 July 2001. P... (Source 1 1 October 2003.
This is a briefing on the activities of th in working with Muslim widows displ armed conflict. CMLU while providing and clothing to the displaced women i or in-kind donations to Support the warfrom the North. Also, the CMLU runs war and displacement.
793. Fernando, Vijitha. Domestic V family. Women's Feature Serv
http://www.wfsnews.org; access
In Sri Lankan law domestic violence i not as a form of crime under personal marriage and children. A separate legis is being drafted to be presented in pa Orders for victims through restraini perpetrator. It also protects the victim the home environment. Initiated by Wo NGO, the draft concerns a clear definil the victim to present a case. Currently set up counselling centres that deal w Desks for Women handling complair children. However, these two structur special law against domestic violenc victim and have a check on the perpet
794. Fernando, Vijitha. Searching
31 January 2004.
A briefing on the Association for Fan (AFSMIA) which is a support group t forces who are missing as a result apprehension and insecurity in distant to trace the whereabouts of their spol on with their lives. The group plans tol in order to help them towards self-rel
2

[FMW). International Efforts — Sri 2 in Sri Lanka. Prp. Yasneen Ashraff.
- http://www.fmw.org , accessed on
Ceylon Moor Ladies Union (CMLU), aced from the North as a result of the non-food relief in terms of medicines in the refugee camps, appeals for cash widows who have faced forced eviction a girls home for those orphaned by the
iolence : Sri Lanka . Violence in the ice. September 2003. 3p. Source - ed on 19 December 2003).
S treated under the Criminal Code and relationships within the framework of lation on domestic and family violence rliament, the Act providing Protection ng orders issued by the court to the from physical, emotional abuse within omen and Media Collective, a women's ion of domestic violence thus enabling 1, the Ministry of Women's Affairs has ith cases of family violence and Police its on domestic abuse on women and es cannot cope with the issue unless a e is there to provide remedies for the TatOr.
for their Missing Men. Daily Mirror.
lilies of Servicemen Missing in Action at helps to trace members of the armed of the civil war. Women living with ocations seek the help of the association ses and receive moral support to carry lunch vocational training for the women,
a11CՇ.
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795. Ferdinando, Shamindra. Al Basis?. The Island 7 February
A recent move towards the amendmei of Women’s Affairs explores the possit basis. It is well known that a signific; Lanka are caused by unsafe abortic techniques. Following India and Bang proposal would permit abortions to V facing serious health problems.
796. Fernando, Sharmini. Bitter V women's vigil and the verdict. P
This is a summary on the activities reported incidents of custodial rape a Sri Lanka. The Vigil Coalition consis of the alleged abduction, rape and r North where the law and order con describes the trial where a stiff death p as "... a bitter Victory of women's acti
797. FORUT-Sri Lanka. Project A P. l. Source - http://www.foru
This section of the website relates to ac displaced women from the North. In formed by displaced women viz., W Equality, Peace and Temperance (W resettling, mobilising them for social
798. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. Strat [and] Workshop 2. Sexual Hai strategies. Colombo, 1996.
This report provides a summary of th in Colombo. Drawing in the formal.
"Sexual Harassment-Sharing of Expel November 1995.

Ortions to be legalised on Selective
2002.
ht to the Penal Code (1995) the Ministry bility of legalising abortion on a selective ant percentage of maternal deaths in Sri Ons performed illegally through crude gladesh where abortion is legalised, this ictims of rape and incest, and for those
ictory : Krishanthy Kumaraswamy, the 17-18. Options. No. 14, 2" Quarter 1998.
of Women's groups protesting against nd murder during the armed conflict in led of Women activists on a mass protest murder of a School girl in the war-torn hes under military control. The article )enalty was imposed on the five accused, vism.”
ictivities : Puttalam. (Colombo). 2000. .k; accessed on 12 April 2003).
ctivities of FORUT - to support internally partnership with a local women's NGO Women's Organisation for Development, ODEPT). FORUT supports women in reconstruction and development.
egies and Recommendation : Workshop 1 rassment : Sharing of experiences and
e workshop on sexual harassment held non-formal and the plantation sectors
riences between East and West', Colombo, 9-14
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where women workers suffer as a rest strategies could be used by individuals, t and the community.
799. Global DP Database. The siti of a mission by the Internal D Refugee Council. April 2002. 15 ; accessed on 14 June 2003)
UNHCR has invited the Internal Displa on the internally displaced populatio members of the IDP community be giv the policy of the Ministry of Rehabilitat policy. Genderissues related to domes the government welfare centres need to activities and psychosocial support fo estimated the presence of 30,000 you the Jaffna District, efforts need to be m women - war widows and women h capacities for self-sufficiency.
800. Goldstein, Anna and Lynch, ( rape is rape. P8-10. Options. S
Marital rape though culturally sanction perpetrated against the spouse. The fai rape, making it important to include it This article is critical of a recent news 'culture', and it stresses the need to pr of Sri Lanka as a crime of Violence ag
801. Gomez, Mario and Shyar Activism. P41-42. Striking a Bal to achieve gender equality. Colo
Women and Media Collective, a local
to draft a new law on domestic viole the medical profession, women's grou the State. The objectives, definition an inviting feedback on priority isues to
3

it of gender-related harassment, these rade union, policy makers, law enforcers
uation of IDPs in Sri Lanka . Report isplacement Unit. [Oslo), Norwegian
p. (Source - http://www.reliefWeb.int/
cement Unit to undertake an assessment in. The unit recommends that women en adequate opportunity for inputs into tion, Resettlement & Refugees (MRRR) stic and sexual violence, particularly in be addressed, both through prevention r victims who are traumatised. Having ng widows among the IDPs, mostly in ade to deal with the needs of vulnerable leads of households to enhance their
Daitrin. Legislation is Naming : Marital eptember 1995.
ed, is forced sex and a crime of violence mily law in Sri Lanka overlooks marital
in the proposed domestic violence act.' article which condones marital rape as ovide for marital rape in the penal code gainst women.
mala. Domestic violence and fVGO lance: Using international human rights mbo, CIDA. 2004.
women's NGO has initiated an exercise nce, along with interest groups such as ps, lawyers, academics, prosecutors and d boundaries of the law were discussed, gain diverse perspectives rather than a
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mere legal view. In October 2003 the preparing a final draft entitled "Preve the women's groups. This draft, howe of domestic violence and relegated restricting those categories of persons law. Nevertheless, the forum brought ti - Some favoured the criminalisation of a broader approach that combines botl piece of legislation.
Sexual harassment. P
This section of the volume examines programmes of awareness raising on Women's activists work on raising c public transport, the American Cent (ACILS) has set up complaint desks in and in Hatton to cater to plantation wo Federation of Ceylon (EFC) a cam committee of trade union members h ILO, to probe the issue of workplace
802. Gomez, Mario. The draft Dom, P 14-18; notes. Pravada. Vol.7.
This is a comment on the draft law Collective where the draft favours
combines civil and criminal remedie: This draft is modelled on the South Af produced by Women's groups in Indi; domestic violence in Sri Lanka and the interim/protection orders, other forms
cases of domestic abuse. Using Sri Lanl gender discrimination and to protec background, the article relates to the \ though the law has a limited impact ir
803. Gomez, Mario. Domestic vio, victims. P. Law & Society Tru
This is an examination of the draft dom groups, lead by the Women & Mec
3

Ministry of Justice took over the task of :ntion of Domestic Violence Act' from ver, lacked a comprehensive definition the offence to the Penal Code, while who could initiate litigation under the ogether diversified opinions on the issue domestic violence while others preferred n criminal and civil remedies in a single
43-46.
the efforts made by women's groups on the issue of sexual harassment. While onsciousness on sexual harassment in re for International Labour Solidarity the export processing zone of Biyagama men. With the support of the Employer's paign has been launched and a subas been set up with the support of the harassment.
estic Violence Law : What will it do?.
No.4. 2001.
s published by the Women and Media the enactment of a separate law that S for the victims of domestic violence. rican Domestic Violence Act and drafts a. This article probes the prevalence of legal remedies mentioned in the draft - of relief and police duties when handling ka's international obligations to eliminate t and promote women's rights as the ways in which the law could work, even
addressing the issue.
lence and the Sexual history of Rape st Review. Issue. 163. May 2001.
estic violence law produced by women’s lia Collective. This draft favours the
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enactment of a separate law that comb Inspired by the model legislation propc Violence Against women, the South A draft law on domestic violence prepa draft recognizes interim protection orc the court to issue such orders and rig prevent their contact with the perpetral the domestic violence law can be effec used as a tool to create public awarene be influential to create well-reasoned The paper highlights a recent decision
on evidence pertaining to sexual relati accused, in order to help evolving the
sexual abuse.
804. Gomez, Shyamala. Her Opport of the migrant worker. 20p. no Justice and Governance in Sri La Colombo, Law & Society Trust.
Violence against women migrant wo Lankan Women, ranging from physica and torture by the employer, which of paper attempts to examine the State po Conventions relevant to migrant Wol Protection of the Rights of All Migrant In this context, the laws, institutions, S Sri Lankan embassies abroad are exa women workers abroad. The obligatio Employment Act and the level of achie are evaluated here.
805. Goonesekera, Savitri. The Ull the Sri Lankan legal system. C Paper No.4). 23p.; notes.
This work-in-progress relates to the in defined by the UN system of human r Lanka in terms of its legal System. It S women's human rights in Sri Lanka, legislature, judiciary and laws enfor

ines both civil and criminal remedies. osed by the UN Special Rapporteur on frican Domestic Violence Act and the red by Women's groups in India, this lers in favour of the victim, power of hts of children where the court could or. The paper concerns ways in which tive by providing relief to the victim, ss on the issue of family violence and udicial decisions.
of the House of flords in Great Britain onship between a rape victim and the Sri Lankan law dealing with rape and
unities and her Rights : The dilemma tes. Conference on Fifty Years of Law, nka, Colombo), 24-26 November 2000.
kers is a frequent experience for Sri al, sexual abuse to sexual harassment ften results in murder or suicide. This olicies and laws in relation to the ILO kers and the UN Convention on the Workers and Members of their Families. tate policies and the role played by the mined with reference to protection of ns of the Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign vement of the objectives of the Bureau
W Convention on Women (1981) and olombo, CENWOR. 1991. (Working
nternational human rights standards as ights and gender discrimination in Sri urveys the applicability of CEDAW to analysing the initiatives made by the cement agencies in the country. With
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specific reference to the criminal law and violence based on abortion, th commitment made by Sri Lanka to CE law enforcement forces in preventing
806. Goonesekere, Savitri W.E. : Sexual violence and the Lega rape. Colombo, CENWOR. 199
This study aims to provide informati violence in Sri Lanka, in particular rap rape, this volume examines the law ir implementing the law and the respo community. In recommending legal problems, the document raises con encourages its recognition as a grave
action.
807. Goonesekera, S.W.E. Proposed Comments on the draft legi Unpublished. Source -ICES
These are observations made on the an changes in the laws relating to violen given on issues pertaining to rape, se rape, incest, child abuse and obscene
that enhanced penalties for gang ra comments increase the potentials to us it is observed that the provisions are not as guaranteed by Sri Lanka as a state
808. Goonesekera, S.W.E. Am
Observations. Colombo). 19. Archives on Violence against W
This unpublished work concentrates o exploitation of children, as proposed f Sri Lanka. As the code does not provide mothers and rape of minors, the pap marriage and medical termination of

that aims to protect victims from rape 2 survey condones the gaps' in the DAW, pin-pointing the weakness of the violence against women.
and Guneratne, Camena. Women, l process in Sri Lanka . A study on 8. 136p.; append.
on on the incidence of gender-related e. While reviewing the laws concerning action - the current realities faced in nse of the victim, her family and the and policy reforms to counter these sciousness on the issue of rape and problem that requires intervention and
amendments to the Penal Code (1883) slation. Colombo. 4 May 1995. 7 p. Archives on Violence against Women).
nendment to the Penal Code (1883), for Ice against women. The comments are Xual abuse, sexual harassment, marital publications. Including new proposals
pe and rape of pregnant women, the se the laws more effectively. However, in keeping with women's human rights, party to CEDAW.
endments to the Penal Code
... P... Unpublished. Source- ICES "omen].
in provisions to rape, incest and sexual or the amendment of the Penal code of for abortion in cases of rape, unmarried er examines the issues of rape, child pregnancy (MTP), besides child abuse
8

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and homosexual abuses. Is also argues that is not recognised as a crime unde:
809. Government of Sri Lanka. M Women's Rights (Sri Lanka). D. views. Colombo. February 2004
This is a bill drafted by the Ministry of women's organisations to be enacted a objectives of the Bill encompass:
O Women's right to control their b o Freedom to enjoy life without be of violence - Sexual harassment
A women's commission is to be estal receive complaints on any violation of authorities and to provide remedies offenders. Further, the commission proceedings related to the violation of socio-cultural practices harmful to wo to conduct inquiries and relevant matt
810. Gunasekera, Nelun. Voice of
issues. P. 38-46. Characteris: liberation movement in Sri Lanka May 1987. Master's Degree T
The first socialist group of women ac middle-class academics and intelle Women's emancipation and action a agenda and analysis. Their journal entitl in national languages and English, fo free trade Zone, tourist industry and C Voice of Women has networked with cc and established a Women's House violence.
The Progressive Women's F and issues. P46-55.

s for penalties in cases of marital rape r the laws.
inistry of Women's Affairs. Bill on
raft made open for public scrutiny and . 49p.
Women's Affairs, in consultation with as the Women's Rights Act, 2004. The
bodies and rights related to childbirth; *ing subjected to gender specific forms in public places and in the workplace.
blished to protect women's rights and rights, investigated, conveyed to legal for the victim and penalties to the
has the power to intervene in any women's rights and to discourage any men. The draft provides the procedure ers related to the working of the body.
Women . Origin, aims, strategies and ation of the contemporary Women's . The Hague, Institute of Social studies. hesis).
:tivists the Voice of Women comprises ctuals whose efforts give priority to gainst gender-based violence in their led “Voice of Women' is being published cusing on Women's exploitation in the f migrant workers in the Middle-East. mmunity-based women's organizations for those affected in the 1983 ethnic
ront (PWF) : Origin, aims, strategies

Page 336
Conceived as a result of a series of se activists at the Devasrana Developm brought together women agrarian wor feminist, but which prioritized violenc "Kantha Maga” creates consciousn alcoholism and family violence. In the backgrounds and networking with Women's Action Committee (WAC pamphlets opposing sexual violence, r and the exploitation of women work system. A team of grass roots women : drama is motivated to spread awarene
The Women's Federation of Origin, aims, strategies an
This part records a women's group that calling for gender equality, expressing the exploitation of women workers ir well as gender-based violence manife police violence upon women protesto
The women's section of th P 60-66.
A splinter group from the LSSP, the prioritizing on gender-based oppressic criteria. Their journal aims to create a workers encouraging workers solidar sexual abuse, sexual harassment an "individual ownership', with a neg InOVenelt.
The situation of Tamil wome
This part of the document deals with national liberation struggle movemen of militant groups, specifically those of formed a Women's Revival Front cc agrarian workers belonging to the opp women's oppression, spouse abuse an
A traditional form of folk-song.
3

minars and discussions among peasant hent Centre in Ibbamaguwa, the PWF kers through an agenda not specifically e against Women. The women's bulletin ess on wife battery, violence due to course of mobilizing women from rural ther women's organizations and the ), the PWF put forward slogans and acism, dowry related abuse, sex tourism cers, calling for a better public health and men trained in "Viridu" and street :SS on gender issues.
the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP): d issues. P. 55-60.
follows the traditional Leninist position
concern through protest rallies against the plantations and free trade zone as :sted as rape, sexual abuse, racism and
S.
e Nava Sama Samaja Party [INSSPJ.
NSSP established the women's section pn of women as class-based, patriarchal wareness on the exploitation of women ity. However, it overlooks the issue of d gender relations as the outcome of gative attitude towards the women's
n. P. 6-75.
mobilizing Tamil women through the t. The author acknowledges the efforts EPRLF, LTTE and PLOTE. The EPRLF imprising grass roots women who are ressed castes, creating awareness about l alcoholism. A protest march of women

Page 337
against brewing of illicit alcohol has and LTTE have addressed the oppres organize themselves, to analyse the p nature of gender issues and form their
811. Gunaratne, Carmena. Domnesti P73-103, ref Expert Meeting : Tokyo, 7-9 August 2000. Tokyo, A
This is a study on the prevalence of examines the legal/institutional frame CEDAW, to address al aspects of vio
the cause and effect of domestic viole on the legal, Social and institutional be of:
Socio-cultural norms pertaining Police response; Hospitals and medical services Crisis centres and shelters for t Legal system and the courts.
It is evident that the loop holes' in the with the abusers, legal system, law enf acknowledge or ignore their plight. T improve the attitudes and services to NGOs in addressing domestic violen raising, victim support and in collab judiciary to combat crime.
812. Gunatilleke, Nadira. Lanka Harassment. Daily NeWS. 12 D
This news item addresses the protect violence faced by migrant womer Employment Bureau of Sri Lanka the v at the international airport, receiving of salaries to rape and unwanted pregn Based on these, the Bureau decides recruitment agencies. The column di current system, while opening the deba workers victimised by gender violenc

raised awareness on the issue. PLOTE ssion of women encouraging them to iroblems, enlighten themselves on the own movements to overcome these.
c Violence : A case study on Sri Lanka. Zero Tolerance for Domestic Violence, sian Women's Fund. January 200l.
family violence in Sri Lanka, which work and the obligation of Sri Lanka to lence against women. While analysing nce upon Women, the paper elaborates irriers' in addressing the issue by means
to the family, community and society;
available for the victims of violence; he temporary protection of victims;
: above make the victims "compromise' orces and the society all of which either he paper provides recommendations to help the victims. Further, the role of ce is discussed in terms of awareness orating with the law enforcers and the
in Housemaids face Murder, Rape, ecember 2003.
ive measures deployed against gender workers. Operated by the Foreign vomen's desk “Sahana Piyasa” is located complaints ranging from non-payment ancies from those returning from abroad. on the issue/renewal of licenses for aws on the many shortcomings of the te on improving the protection of women C.
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813. Gunatilleke, Nadira. Safe al violence. Daily News. 30 Janua
This news item relates to the efforts setting up a special retreat entitled children affected by family violence. the Colombo City provides free acco complainants identified by the police
814. Gunatilleke, Nadira. Latest we Daily News. 1 December 2001.
This news item refers to counselling c. victims of violence. Located in the M free trade zone and other parts of the related to gender violence and violati by the Women's Charter, the centres a victimised as a result of gender abuse
815. Gunatilleke, Nadira and
harassment in Workplace : S 29 September 2003.
This work is an exploration of the is and the responsibilities of the employe the women workers, and the rights
harassment. This article reports that an offence under the disciplinary pro also draws in codes of ethics as sanctio Labour Organisation (ILO) and Empl
816. Haniffa, Farzan a [and] IR Feminism?. Pl0-13. Options. S
This is an evaluation of the mainstrea amendments to the Penal Code of S "women's lib' and the issue of marita culture. Some political groups claim 'western concepts, using "culture' as a women's rights against gender-orient
3

pode for Female victins of Domestic ry 2002.
of the Ministry of Women's Affairs in “Rekawarana Piyasa” for women and This project, set up in a location within mmodation for a limited time to those for Women and Children's Bureau.
upon to combat Violence against Women.
2ntres set up by the state, to help women inistry of Women's Affairs in Colombo, country, the centres accept complaints ons of women's human rights. Secured issist the needy and the helpless women
Marasinghe, Sandasena. Sexual ome counter-measures. Daily News.
sue of sexual harassment at workplace er to protect the employees, in particular of workers to speak out against such harassment in all its forms is treated as cedures of the employers concerned. It ned by the guidelines of the International oyers Federation of Ceylon.
uwanpura, Kanchana. Who needs September 1995.
m media in Sri Lanka on the proposed Sri Lanka. The media articles refer to l rape as "inappropriate' to Sri Lankan sexual violence and marital rape to be tool to oppose legal reforms in promoting 2d violence.
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817. Harris, Simon. " Listening to th
and advocacy in action. P. 20-21. 2000.
This is a brief paper that provides the o the programme of “Listening to the Di Save the Children Fund (SCF) of U.K displaced people in Northern Sri Lanl focusing on lessons learned through th experience for future assistance, the revision of humanitarian assistance, pa items to address the personal hygienic
818. Hettiarachchi, Ku mudini. ,
26 October 2003.
This is a news article on the effortsma of women victims of gender-based viol has launched a "Victims of Violence F net through social security/support fr established "one-stop crisis centres v National Hospital, Colombo and the C. out to victims immediately. A 24-hour refuge is being implemented as part o
819. The Human Rights Commissi : Methsevana State House of D 2004.
This report is a response to complai detention without proper court orders, detention of persons with psychiatric the Commission reveals that women face many hardships, for example the p and the lack of adequate supervision include referral to mental hospitals,
greater accommodation, compensatio as caretakers for the mentally ill, imp of the rehabilitation mission in the di provided in order to guarantee health

e Displaced "... Analysis, accountability ref. Forced Migration Review. August
bjectives, methodology and outcome of splaced", conducted by Oxfam GB and ... through interviews with the internally ka during the period 1996-1998. While e interviews, and the application of this : paper refers to the gender-sensitive rticularly on the issue of non-food relief
needs of displaced women.
Hurt No More. The Sunday Times.
de by Women. In Need (WIN) in support lence, specifically, domestic abuse. WIN und as the victims do not have a safety om the State. The organisation has also within the emergency health care of the astle Street Hospital for Women to reach hotline service and shelter for temporary if their services.
on of Sri Lanka. Human Rights Report 'etention, Gangodawila. Colombo. June
hts of human rights violations, such as poor living conditions of detainees and : disorders. A spot-check conducted by detainees with mental health problems sychiatric ward, available health services in the ward. Specific needs of women conversion of the psychiatric ward for n for the women supervisors who work roved sanitary measures and reinstating letention centre. Recommendations are y, safe and sanitary living conditions, in
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particular for the Women inmates with to addressing those problems associa court mandate, detention of those who
and the refusal to release the inmates
820. Hyndman, Jennifer and de A : Gender, conflictand displacen P21-25. Expert Meeting on Genc New York, 14-15 June 1999.
Regions bordering the war-zones of prostitution, with cases of sexual viol services for the victims by the state/n evident. This article stresses the urgent rehabilitation and support services fo trafficking and forced prostitution.
821. Human Rights and Equality : Magistrates, Anuradhapura (Sr Society Trust).
A workshop held by the Law & Socie on violence against women and the cr workshop lads to a discussion on the related bffences and the possible leg “iolence. This workshop is part of a equality in Sri Lanka, funded by the C
822. Hussain, Armeena and) Logana Women refugees and their I bibliography on violence aga International Centre for Ethnic
This part of the bibliography provides provided for women victims of confli actual needs and the amount of pro compilation is an attempt to encomp Women in family, community and state to news articles; published to unpublis
3

in the institution. The report also leads ted with detention without the proper have not committed punishable offences without guardians.
lwis, Malathi. Case study on Sri Lanka tent Lessons learned from Sri Lanka. ler Dimensions of lnternal Displacement,
Sri Lanka have become centres for 2nce on the increase. However, support on-governmental organisations are not need of humanitarian agencies to include ir women and girls who are victims of
Workshop for Police Personnel and i Lanka), April 2001. Source - Law &
2ty Trust, Colombo, to raise awareness iminal justice system of Sri Lanka. The gaps in the laws that provide for gendergal reforms to safeguard women from
research project on human rights and CIDA.
athan, Bhawani. State response towards Dependents. P. 88-89. An annotated inst women in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Studies. 1999.
guidance to resources on State Support ct, showing the disparity between their vision received in conflict areas. The pass the incidence of violence against , on resources ranging from monographs hed literature.
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823. ICRC (International Commit Mounting violence highlights pr
9p. [Source — http://WWW.icrc. OI
Women and women heads of househo beneficiaries of ICRC assisting the int. of Sri Lanka. Women heads receive non services provided by ICRC. They are al who have been taken into custody by a the conflict regions.
This web document relates to the hum stricken regions of Sri Lanka, Such as through co-ordination with state welf.
824. Indrajith, Saman. Violence a
Island. 23 November 1999.
This news item relates to the efforts m Bureau (CWPB) which aims to comb reported. Established in 1994 by the pc by NGOs and community organisa programmes in schools and social/voc prevalence of gender crimes and child a on the above crimes, conducts investig perpetrators and paedophiles.
825. International Centre for Eth
the Prevention of Domestic Vic (Source - ICES Archives on Vic
This document sets out 12 recommenc to be incorporated into the propos Violence, presented recently at the pa Judiciary Reforms. The Bill defines don in Chapter XVI of the Penal Code ( children) committed or caused by a 're to include the father and mother of an intimidation and emotional harm resu punishable offence in the Bill, which a physical abuse.

tee of the Red Cross). Sri Lanka . otection needs. S. l. 4 December 2001. g; accessed on 11 November 2003).
lds form a large proportion among the ernally displaced in the North and East -food assistance besides primary health so helped to trace their family members rmed forces or else disappeared from
anitarian response of ICRC in the warmedical services and non-food items are services and security forces.
gainst Children on the increase. The
hade by Children & Women Protection at gender crimes that are increasingly olice department, the Bureau is assisted tions to conduct public awareness :ational institutions, on the widespread buse. CWPB desk entertains complaints gations and takes due action against the
nic Studies. Proposed amendments to lence Bill. Colombo. April 2005. 7 p. plence against Women).
lations and corresponding amendments led Bill on Prevention of Domestic arliament by the Ministry of Justice & nestic violence as including all offences including assault, hurt and cruelty to levant person within the home, defined aggrieved person. Extortion, criminal lting from domestic abuse is seen as a lso provides protection to the victim of
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826. Institute for Social Deve Harassmentʼ. Kandy. 20... Siz
This sticker is a response by the Instit the problem of sexual harassment to
work places, this sticker is part of a sexual harassment, and is printed in b Tamil and English, readable to all ling
827. Interact Club of St. Peter's C
Vidyalaya. Youth Forum on P. Colombo. 31 October 1998. 20
The primary objective of this program children on the issue of violence again on the problem and how to prevent it. D equality and gender-based violence. regarding problems of sexual harassm for suggestions on how victims of gen community intervention. This prog association with the Rotary Club of C
828. International Centre for Ethi
Rights. P24-25. (and). Sinhala Women's Entrepreneurship L Entrepreuniership Development against Women: Organisations, ac Colombo, September 1999.
This directory provides information o war-ridden parts of the country, on pr assistance to survivors of sexual vi conducts programmes in the East in o
O Raising awareness at all levels ( o Establishing preventive measur O Providing support to victims to
The Sinhala Women's Development C women entrepreneurs in the Anuradh civil war. The women were trained to ( as "a weapon of war.’ This project wa
3

opment. "Let us Stop Sexual o. 9"x5"; col. [Sticker).
ute for Social Development to prevent women, much prevalent in public and n awareness raising campaign against right colours, with lettering in Sinhala, guistic groups of Sri Lanka.
ollege and Interact Club of Visakha revention of Violence Against Women.
).
me is to create awareness among School st women -to sensitize the participants )rawing in myths and realities on gender the forum has uninhibited discussions 2nt, rape and domestic violence, calling der violence can be helped out through gramme was sponsored by CIDA in olombo-East.
nic Studies [ICES). Home for Human Women's Development Organisation : )evelopment Organisation: Women's
Project. P52. A Directory : Violence :tivities and projects concerning violence.
n two Sri Lankan NGOs working in the evention of sexual assault and offering )lence. The Home for Human Rights rder to address gender issues by:
f the community; Is through training; overcome the stigmatisation.
rganisation conducted programmes for apura district that borders the areas of ombat gender violence that is regarded is funded by CIDA.
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829. International Centre for Eth Women experiencing Gender-bc 2001. 10p. Unpublished). (Sourt Women).
This study relates to the impact of gi health of women in Sri Lanka. Report violence in the country, this research
Assess the mental health needs Perception of the health care wo Effectiveness of the current laws To identify report, document and violence and to prosecute the pe
This draft relates to the various phase develop a model intervention program It aims to provide recommendations ( legal remedies to the victim, punishm develop suitable health care services t is impaired as a result of gender abuse
830. International Consortium Sri Lanka . Ensuring program S
http://WWW.Cecinfo.org; access
This project was coordinated by the Fa (FPASL) to market emergency conti practitioners, pharmacists, youth grou association has launched national can for emergency contraception. The ( community-based organisations in the in order to conduct training program advocate emergency contraception as
831. International Labour Organi Seminar on Sexual Harassment i 19p.; tables.
The seminar aims to draw in three a and trade unions to reassess the in

nic Studies (ICES). Health care of Ised violence in Sri Lanka. Colombo. ce — ICESArchives on Violence against
ender-oriented violence on the mental ing on the prevalence of gender-based broject aims to:
of the women victims of violence; rkers on gender violence; , regulations and the clinical guidelines; i provide health services for victims of orpetrators.
s of research and the methodology to me to address the needs of the victims. )n legal reforms to address the issue - ent to perpetrators of violence, and to o the victims, whose psychiatric health
of Emergency Contraception. ustainability, s.l. 2001. 2p. Source - ed on 22 January 2003).
mily Planning Association of Sri Lanka aception for women through general ps, and community health workers. The paigns to increase women's awareness lonsortium aims to collaborate with free trade Zone and plantation sector, mes for community health workers to a viable option to abortion.
zation (ILO). Report of the Tripartite n the Workplace. Colombo. 1 June 2001.
ctors - the government, private sector cidence of sexual harassment in the
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workplace in Sri Lanka, to review t remedies available and to formulate ar seeks to disseminate the findings of the at Workplace based on the views e. workers organisations, civil Society and action at the level of the entreprenel Seminar focused on major issues conce insecurities and lack of awareness on State intervention included formulatin devising codes of conduct to recognise the judiciary - tribunals, commissions area for state intervention. State medi role in highlighting the problem, with and women in the free trade Zones. T defining the legal definition of sexua the issue and formulating a policy harassment.
832. International Movement Agai Racism (IMDAR). Civil wa Nimalka Fernando. [s.l]. 2p. [S Srianka; accessed on 19 June 2
IMADR attempts to give a voice to wo of violence amidst the prolonged con internal displacement. Working togeth women's groups from Sinhala villages documents the experiences of those w of households, destitutes and others constituency and to develop a peace ed
833. International Movement Agai Racism (IMADR). Project for : Advocacy and lobbying cai and human rights in Sri Lan 1998-2000. Prep. Nimalka Fern /www.imadr.org/project/srilank
This project arises out of the mistre workers in other countries where Wor sexual abuse from their employers. F official and unofficial channels, this international campaign and provide ac
3

he effectiveness of current laws and action plan to address the issue. It also Sri Lanka Study on Sexual Harassment Xpressed by government, employers, workers themselves, leading to specific ur. Employers that participated in the rning sexual harassment, primarily, the the part of employers and employees. g a national policy against the issue and the offence as misconduct. Sensitising and heads of departments is yet another ia was called upon to play an effective emphasise on migrant Women workers he trade unions take up the task of rel harassment, raising consciousness on on gender equality to prevent sexual
inst All Forms of Discrimination and 'r and Refugees in Sri Lanka. Prp. Source - http://www.imadr.org/project/ 004).
men who have experienced many forms flict - rape, sexual abuse and repeated her with other NGOs, in particular rural bordering the conflict zone, this project ar affected - war widows, women heads in order to focus on a strong peace ucation programme for the communities.
inst All Forms of Discrimination and Women migrant workers in Sri Lanka mpaign for women migrant workers ka : Implementation of the project ando. Colombio. 2p.20. [Source- http:/ a; accessed on 11 March 2004).
atment of Sri Lankan women migrant men are faced with physical, verbal and . Based on information received through
project aims to launch a national and vocacy in order to
28

Page 345
O Develop a national campaign wi
Sri Lanka;
o Promote and protect the rights ol the UN Migrant Workers’s Conv on the UN Convention and ILO
• Assist the UN Special Rapport her report on trafficking of wom
834. International Planned Paren Profile: Sri Lanka. 2p. 20 Novem accessed on 13 April 2003).
When compared to the rest of South A: is less than other South Asian countrie mid-wives. While state-subsidised c freely, abortion is legally restricted. F and at primary health care clinics at th is complimented by a network of public maternal and child health services pr attempt to encourage 'spacing of childt is motivated through education and c Planning Association of Sri Lanka governmental concern that offers a wi services including those for contrac diagnostic health. FPASL promotes women's rights with advocacy to increa health education, foster community abortion law to provide for cases of ra “Praja Shanthi' is a rural project contraceptives in localities where ti programme for contraceptives has advertised through mass media. The c on clinical contraceptives and men organisation, while the FPASL Training for health personnel and volunteers.
835. IOM Calls for an end to Viole Trafficking of women and childr, Release. No.858. 7 March 20 archive; accessed on 18 July 20
Birth-attendants trained by the Departi
3

ithin the framework of trade unions in
f women workers abroad, as ratified by sention and to develop a manual based directives, eur on Violence Against Women with
1Շm.
thood Federation (IPPF). Country ber 2002. (Source-http://www.ipps. Org
sia, the maternal mortality in Sri Lanka s, with 94% of childbirths attended by ral contraceptives are made available ree health care is provided in hospitals he community-level. The infrastructure health nurses and mid-wives providing e-dominantly in the rural areas. In an en, prevention of unwanted pregnancies ommunication initiated by the Family (FPASL). The Association is a nonde range of sexual/reproductive health eption, sub-fertility, counselling and family planning as a basic need and se political commitment to reproductive involvement and liberalise the antibe, incest and congenital abnormalities. to motivate the community to use he availability is low. A retail sales been launched recently and widely organization is also conducting a study strual abortion is conducted by the centre provides regular training sessions
2nce against Migrant women and the en into Sexual bondage. P... IOM News
03. Source - http://www.iom.int/en/ 04).
ment of Health.
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Women migrant workers from Sri La exploitations abroad - sexual violenc accept precarious working conditions reference to Sri Lanka, IOM calls upon civil society, women's organisations, make every effort to stop violence aga
836. Jayasinghe, Saroj [and] de Silv,
data on the Social/economic Advocacy work. Colombo), Na October 1998. 31 p.; tables.
This is a study on the compilation an AIDS in Sri Lanka in order to approp The review encompasses the prevent within the socio-economic, medical a National STD/AIDS Control Progr formulating the strategies for the prev the issue, involvement of the priv prevention, while providing a base fo
837. Jayawardene, Kumari. War a women. P.6-7. The Women's MO back over 10 years. Options. Ni
This section of the article concerns th to refugee care in the wake of armed have implemented relief programmes f and children are the majority of the vic for Peace that conducts a signature can negotiations. This action group provi school children, trauma counselling f protests against the arbitrary arrests a East by security personnel. The articl Education & Research Centre (WERC. Tamil Women's Union and the Sri L (SLFUW) for implementing relief pr women and children. The work of S violence against women is acclaimed from Sri Lanka who has focused on appointed by the UN Commission

nka are vulnerable to many forms of e, forced labour and are more likely to and lower wages. Making a specific the NGOs, international organisations, legislators and community leaders to inst migrant Women.
a, Amala. Reviewing/compiling existing (and Health aspects of HIV/AIDS for tional STD/AIDS Control Programme.
d review of existing literature on HIV/ briate the work for advocacy purposes. ion of HIV/AIDS and care of patients nd legal framework. This study by the amme is required for the purpose of 2ntion of AIDS, conducting research on ate/public Sector on awareness and r advocacy activities in the field.
ind Peace. P.5. and Violence against vement in Sri Lanka 1985-95: A glance o. 14, 2d Quarter 1998.
eaction of women's NGOs with regard conflict. Many women's organisations or the internally displaced where women tims. In particular, the efforts of Women npaign against the War, calling for peace des peace educational programmes for or victims of war and peace campaigns/ nd detention of women in the North and e acknowledges the works on Women's ), Suriya Women's Development Centre, anka Federation of University Women ogrammes for the internally displaced ri Lankan women towards eliminating by the UN. Dr. Radhika Coomaraswamy this issue locally and abroad, has been on Human Rights as the UN Special
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Rapporteur on Violence against Won acknowledges the services of Women facilities for battered Women, as the sta of family violence. WIN provides shelt( with counselling and medical advice f
838. Kalyanaratne, K.A.I. Sexual ha for an integrated human resource
This news article develops a clear harassment at the Workplace where a go Evidently, the Penal Code (Amendment for the perpetrator and compensation f view of developing a healthy and Valua and workplaces, the author puts forw followed - policy formulation, organ procedure, awareness raising on the is: provision of protection for complainar level management to eradicate sexual
839. Kanagarachchi, Ramani. Life
12 October 2003.
This is an investigative report on wal sexual harassment and forced marriag Ranaviru Family Counselling Service. Ministry of Defence, on amending the widow to re-marry without losing the f
840. Karunakaran, P. The rape of J
31-August 1, 1999
This news story highlights the respons of rape and murder of Juda Kamalita the District of Mannar. The Women a women's NGOs, issued a statement pressuring for speedy investigations, perpetrators.

hen (1994 to 2003). The article also In Need (WIN) for providing shelter te does not provide Support for victims er homes for victims of family violence or those affected by this.
trassment in the Workplace. The need strategy. Daily News. 16 January 200l.
inderstanding of the issue of sexual od proportion of women are victimised. ) Act No.22, 1995 provides punishment or the victim of sexual harassment. In ble human resource base in institutions ard a comprehensive procedure to be isational code of conduct, complaint sue, establishment of support services, its and Support/commitment by the top harassment in the workplace.
as a War widow. Sunday Observer.
widows faced with impoverishment, ge. While acknowledging the work of , the article relates the response of the Widows & Orphans Act, to enable the inancial benefits given to war widows.
uda Kamalita. Wee Kena EXpress. July
e by women's organisations to the case allegedly by para-military personnel in nd Media Collective, On behalf of 29 condemning this brutal crime, while quick trial and due punishment for the
31

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841. Kiwanuka, Justine. Sri Lank(
attitudes, law education Still key 1996. Source - http://www.dpa. 2005).
In Sri Lanka, disabled women are m result of cultural constraints and res document discusses the gender issu movement as several laws have been p. but none are gender Specific. The Sta project for the economic empowerme: with the Sri Lankan Confederation of The project, while achieving some sig has lead to the lobbying of the state se public transport where Women passen
842. Kodikara, Chulani. A minimum 19; tables. Voice of Women. Vo
This article briefs on the initiatives to Muslim Law. Under the General Law o on rape, the minimum age of marriag intercourse with a girl under 16 yea amounts to rape'. However, the Boarc solemnise and register the marriage of of age. Countries such as Bangladesh the Child Marriage Restraint Act that in Tabulated in this article is the progress. in Pakistan, India Bangladesh and oth
843. Kodikara, Chulani. Violence a
government efforts adequate?. and Legal Justice, HakOne (Japa Women's Fund. March 2001.
Violence against women in Sri Lanka and consequences. Yet, the phenomen justice system are inadequate to add violence continue to enjoy impunity. T the state to address issues of domestic in the legal system. Reforming of th

i. P2. India and Sri Lanka : Cultural
issues. Disability International. Spring Org.sg/publication; accessed On 10 June
ost vulnerable to gender violence as a tricted physical movement. This web les within the Sri Lankan disability assed to deal with the issue of disability te has launched an income generating nt of disabled women, in collaboration Organisations of Handicapped People. nificant changes in the lives of Women ictor to reserve seats for the disabled in gers face many a sexual harassment.
age of marriage for Muslim girls. P 17E.6, Issue No.2. November 2001.
define the minimum age of marriage in f Sri Lanka and the penal code provision ge of a girl is 18 years and "... sexual rs of age with or without her consent i of Quazi (1937) has special powers to Muslim girls between 12 and 14 years , India and Pakistan have implemented nakes child marriage a criminal offence. ive legislation relating to child marriage e Islamic nations.
gainst Women in Sri Lanka . Are recent P 130- 137. Expert Meeting on Women un), 19-20 November 2000. Tokyo, Asian
is much explored in terms of its causes lon continues as the law and the criminal ess the crimes and the perpetrators of his paper briefs on the recent efforts of violence and rape and the shortcomings e Penal Code with regard to the laws
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Page 349
against rape and family violence hash the Women and Children's Desk at pol are not reported properly due to social of the officers recording the complair procedures of reported cases are delay Recent cases of the rape and murder John are exceptional in this context.
844. Kurukulasuriya, Lasanda. W
3 May 2002.
War widows in rural Sri Lanka are de unless through inheritance. Several \ i lobbying for the reform of Land Dev antiquated model of inheritance of stat to male heirs. Working for the empowe of households in the war-stricken c Development Centre (VDC) has tal Women's Day, where large numbers of demonstration against the denial of la
845. Legal aid for Women. P.26-32.
2004.
Legal problems that affect women aris against Women -rape, sexual hara maintenance/alimony, and the inherit briefs on various legal aid programm and how they could be accessed. In t functional aspects of the National Hu
846. Law & Society Trust. Towards guide. Colombo. July 2001.46
This handbook is based on a regional Equality', focusing on violence agai concepts related to gender equality.
gender-oriented violence in Sri Lan
“Human Rights & Equality”,Colomb(

)wever, resulted in the establishment of ce stations. Despite this, gender crimes constraitns and insensitivity on the part ts. Furthermore, it is observed that the ed and the perpetrators escape penalty. of Krishanthy Kumaraswamy and Rita
ir Widows denied Land. Daily Mirror.
nied the rights to own agricultural laid, women's groups and NGOs have been :lopment Ordinance (1935) based on an e agricultural land that gives preference :rment of war widows and women heads listrict of Moneragala, the Vehilihini cen up this issue at the International women farmers participated in a public ind rights for women in agriculture.
Voice of Women. Vol.6, Issue.2. March
e mostly in relation to issues of violence ssment, domestic violence, divorce, ance of property. This article provides es available for the victims of violence his context, it condones the policy and man Rights Commission of Sri Lanka.
substantive Equalities. An introductory p.; notes.
conference entitled "Human Rights & 1st Women, Women's human rights and The book draws in the composition of ka and legal action sanctioned by the
,12-14 January 2000.
33

Page 350
Criminal Code of the country. Domes incest and abortion are related in term: providing for victims of abuse. The pu legal reform needed, and how the stal and judiciary could improve their ser crimes.
847. Lawyers for Human Rights an of women. Colombo. January 20
The Women's Desk of LHRD has pi awareness programme relating to wo reference source, the handout concerr body-search and detention in police cus harassment, workplace violence, ra publication of matters on sexual abus abduction for prostitution.
848. Legislation of Interpol Membe Children in Sri Lanka . Rape. s.
http://www.interpol.int/; access
This is a write-up on the Penal Code ol of 1883 which embodies the substant Amended in 1998, the law states that th to offence of rape has been increas Consequently, the matter of 'consent b 16 years of age. If a girl under the a victim as a 'child'. The mandatory, m years, with a monetary compensation to The level of compensation depends on t and is determined by the court.
849. Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eel
Division. "Let us preserve the translated abstract J. Batticaloa- ICES Archives on Violence Ag
Violence against women perpetrated handbill distributed by women militants.
33

tic violence, rape, sexual harassment, of their prevalence and on legislation blication appropriates on the kinds of e institutions - police, medical sector vices while handling cases on gender
d Development (LHRD). Legal rights 02.
epared this brochure under the iegal men's legal rights. Useful as a quick S issues on violence against women - tody, bigamy, marriage/divorce, Sexual be, abuse of minor children, incest, se, domestic violence and trafficking/
*r States on Sexual offences against l, Interpol. 9 June 2004. p. Source - ed on 12 July 2004).
f Sri Lanka enacted as Ordinance No.2 ative criminal law dealing with rape. e minimum age of 'consent pertaining ed from 12 years to the age of 16. by the victim arises only if she is above ge of 18 is raped, the case views the inimum sentence for rape is up to 10 be paid to the victim of sexual violence. he level of damage caused to the victim
am (LTTE), Women's Wing/Political ultural identity of Tamil women' s: A Ampara District. 2002). 1 p. (Source gainst Women).
by security forces is the focus of this Referring to Sexual violence experienced
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Page 351
by civilian women at security check-po based', dress code for married women the cinema, it calls for a proscription image in a degrading manner.
850. Liyanage, Jayanthi. Employ Complaints Centre. Sunday Obs
This story relates to the positive outcon rights as revealed by the Gender Con Commission of Women (NCW). GCC violence, sexual harassment at workpla 1999. The centre assists women to laun referring them to the Legal Aid Commi Detecting areas in violation of women addressed by the law, the GCC awaits t the Women’s Charter of Sri Lanka as til a high percentage of gender violence
sensor' groups to bring such incidenc Act becomes a law, NCW will pro Commission and a Women's Adviso cases of gender abuse and discrimina court of law.
851. Loganathan, Bhawani and d and refugees. P. 39-42. (and Prc annotated bibliography on wome Association. 1999.
This part of the bibliography cites re Lankan state and social Welfare organ the women affected by armed conflic organizations, UN Agencies and com this guide.
852. Loganathan, Bhawani. A bi Gender-oriented violence in S. Association. March 1996.
A compilation of citations from mostly and media programmes, providing res
3

ints, this pamphlet prescribes a 'culture, Relating to media violence explicit in of obscene films that portray women's
ment issues top the list at Gender erver. 31 August 2003.
he regarding the acceptance of women's plaints Centre (GCC) of the National : records a high reportage of domestic ce and divorce/maintenance issues since ch, complaints on gender-based violence ssion that offers free legal aid to victims. 's human rights that are not adequately he Women's Bill that legally empowers he Women's Act. In districts that record 2 the NCW has deployed "Violence - 2e to the limelight. Once the Women's ceed to create a Women's Executive y Council that will exert pressure on tion without seeking redress through a
e Silva, Mangalika. State governments otection and rehabilitation. P68-80. An n in conflict. Colombo, Social Scientists'
sources relating to the role of the Sri izations in rehabilitating and resettling t. Documents on the activities of state munity-based NGOs are annotated in
bliography on Women and Violence: i Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka Library
mainstream newspapers, journal articles ources to information on gender-related
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Page 352
violence, in particular, of sexual v backgrounds. Some important cases (1994-95) are provided here. The bibl
(CSC) t} |CCS C)) :
o Public opinion on the urgent nee o The importance of socio-legal
crimes.
853. Loganathan, Bhawani. As si against women : Sri Lanka. P An annotatated bibliography on conflict. Frwd. Malathi de Alw International Centre for Ethnic
This section of the bibliography provi NGOs and international NGOs in su and sexual violence through health p resources on various forms of suppor the state, to develop their potentials to The bibliography provides resourc assistance rendered to women victim societies. Victims of violence range f widows and single women, living in W
854. Malalasekera, Sarath. Prosecu - Attorney General. Daily New
This new article relates to an evaluatic women in Chapter XVI of the Penal
victim of rape is subjected to exten judiciary, often humiliated and intim During this process her chances for ji has constitutional protection. In addit recording of the evidence of victims of to preserve the right of privacy of bot) superseding the right of the public to re is the long gap between the date of the of trial, which leads to a prolonged
victim that would make her reluctant ti a trial-at-bar proves advantageous whe
سر

iolence afflicted upon women of all of rape and their respective judgments ography specifically shows information
d to reform laws against sexual offences; infrastructure to combat gender-based
sting women in Conflict : Violence 97-122. Gendering Humanitarianism : gender and capacity building in armed is and Jennifer Hyndman. Colombo, Studies. 2000.
des resources on the efforts of the state, oporting Women victims of war trauma rogrammes. The bibliography provides t provided by NGOs, UN Agencies and wards their social and economic needs. es for information on humanitarian S in armed conflict and in post-conflict rom women heads of households to war yar Zones as well as in border villages'.
tors must ensure justice for rape victims s. 26 August 2004.
pn of laws dealing with violence against Code (1883), Section 345. Evidently, a Sive questioning by both sides of the idated by the formalities of the court. ustice gradually diminishes, though she ion, the system does not permit for the rape/sexual abuse, though much needed n the prosecutrix and the accused, while ceive information. Yet another drawback commission of the offence and the date trauma and failure of memories to the ) express her grievances. In this context, re the prosecutions could be heard within
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Page 353
a prescribed period resulting in the coi Court of Sri Lanka has now recognised t is not necessary, and that the accuse evidence.
855. Marasinghe, Charika. Sri L exploitation of children. P... 200 org; accessed on 25 April 2005.
Official Statistics from the National W Police for the year 2000 shows that out
The girls are from poor families, kidna and procured for forced sex work /lab the National Child Protection Authori and Children's Desk, Child Abuse
Department and non-governmental org abuse. It relates to the activities of campaigns against the sexual exploita in Sri Lanka. PEACE is affiliated to E
Creating awareness of the ill-eff Influencing the national policy fo Prevention of children being attr Educating parents, teachers, SOC workers, youth etc. on the probl
The activities of PEACE aim at so legislation and enact new laws to con also initiates supporting programmes children to be kept away from prostitu This web article further refers to the (SLSM), conducting awareness progra Their services are primarily focused on t through Legal Aid Clinics at village, di
856. Marie Stopes International [M Lanka (PSL). P. 1. (London). 20
org.uk/WW/Sri-lankas; accessed
MSI has established the Population contraceptive services for women. T

nviction of the accused. The Supreme hat corroboration of a victim's evidence 2d could be convicted solely on her
anka Situational Analysis : Sexual l, Source - http://www.focal pointingo.
'omen and Children's Desk, Sri Lanka of 894 cases, 862 victims were women. pped or duped by agents of prostitution our. This article relates to the work of ty working in liaison with the Women Division of the Attorney General's ganisations in protecting children from PEACE in launching international tion of children and child prostitution CPAT with the objectives of:
fects of sexual exploitation; or the protection of vulnerable children; acted to or forced into prostitution; ial workers, community development em of child abuse/child prostitution.
cio-legal reforms to amend existing hbat child abuses prostitution. PEACE to identify areas for underprivileged tion. Sarvodaya Legal Services Movement mmes to highlight the rights of children. he low-income community and provided strict and national level.
ASI). Sri Lanka . Population Services
Ol. Source - http://www.mariestopes. on 14 May 2003).
Services Lanka since 1993, providing heir network of clinics and outreach
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services serve the health needs of the subsidised health care provision and programme of social marketing. Fu care, ante- and post-natal care for won for Women and men.
857. Maunaguru, Sitralega. Ge construction of women in proje notes. Unmaking the Nation: The Sri Lanka. Ed. Pradeep Jagana Association. 1995.
An important feature of this paper is times of armed conflict where the res. atrocities fall within patriarchal idec women's human rights. This article rel in particular the women cadres of the L It is observed that the course of acti concepts of “virginity', 'chastity', pur violence. Evidently, the protest positi the North are those of mothers', 'wiv, the control of the existing patriarchy.
858. Mehta, Manik. Asylum : Lanka s.l., India Abroad. 23 June 20t ; accessed on 22 January 2003)
A news item on the case of a Sri L Germany, on grounds of custodial ra Contrary to the international standards Weapon of war, her application was re as the case "did not justify asylum or court recognised rape as "...simply ab
859. Memorandum to the Govern, Facilitators from women's orga, 2002. Draft.
This memorandum prepared by va recommendations regarding the status
3

rural poor and slum-dewellers through ensuring safe contraceptives through a ther, the PSL provides primary health hen, besides surgical sexual sterilisation
indering Tamil Nationalism : The 2cts of protest and control. P. 158-174; politics of identity and history in modern than et al. Colombo, Social Scientists'
the construction of gender practices in ponse of women’s groups to war-related )logies which ignores the violation of ates to the response of women's groups, iberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). on taken against war-rape is based on ification' and revenge through counterons of women against armed conflict in es and “Women warriors”, falling under
a rape case goes to top German Court. O0. P. l. (Source - http://vih.diwane.net
ankan woman applying for asylum in pe by the security forces in Sri Lanka. of considering rape as a psychological' jected by the Government of Germany, protection against deportation', and the brutal behaviour'.
ment, the LTTE and the Norwegian nisations in Sri Lanka. Colombo, 7 June
rious women's organisations makes of women in conflict in the light of the
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Page 355
ongoing peace negotiations. While between the State and the LTTE, the Sl in the peace process, women's issues a as an integral part of the peace agenda rights at every stage of the process. B old civil war in the North and East, won programmes of rehabilitation, resettler emphasises that there should be gend and that women be represented in the l human rights that should be made to f
860. Ministry of Health and Womer from Gender-Based Violence. Colombo. 1993.
Recognising gender-based violence : Women's Charter has been approved March 1993, as a legal standard towa women and protecting women's hun measures to rape, incest, Sexual haras cruelty and inhuman or degrading trea
o Promotion of legislative refori preventive and punitive measur
O Promotion of attitudinal and
enforcement machinery;
o Provision of support to communi that provide support and couns based violence.
861. Ministry of Transport, Enviro Towards Gender Equality : Vi seminarinformation package: Se Conference on Women for Bilatera 23-25 April 1996. Colombo. 1995
This section of the report provides st; legal positions and in the police forc been set up by the police to handle ge in police duties. The report emph discrimination in the police training introduce gender sensitisation as part
3

welcoming the Ceasefire Agreement ubmission relates to the role of women ind concerns during the armed conflict and the protection of women's human eing the major victims of the 20-year hen need to be provided with specialised nent and reintegration. The submission ered participation in decision-making, monitoring committees for violation of unction in a gender-Sensitive measure.
l's Affairs. Article 16 - Right to protect P... Women's Charter (Sri Lanka).
as a violation of women's rights, the by the Government of Sri Lanka on 3 rds the elimination of violence against nan rights in the country. Preventive sment, physical/mental abuse, torture, itment of women include:
ms in terms of substantive laws with
eS;
structural reforms within the law
ty-based organisations and programmes elling services for victims of gender
hment & Women's Affairs, Sri Lanka. olence against Women. P36-37. Preminar on "Implications of the Fourth World al Development Cooperation", Madras,
atistics on the proportion of women in e. A Women and Children's Desk has inder-related crimes which is a priority hasises the need to abolish gender and the assumption of duties, and to of the training curriculum.
39

Page 356
862. Ministry of Transport, Envir against Women, Women and Hu P.11-22, National Plan of Action Colombo. 1995.
Recommendations to gender-related given in this part of the report. G community organisations with state Sri Lanka is a signatory to CEDAW Against Women through the Women' on gender equality.
863. Ministry of Women's Affairs, Sr Women. Colombo. 2000. P... Sc Sri Lanka; accessed on 12 May 2
The Women's Bureau has conducted against Women in accordance with the against women (1993). Funded by community leaders, police officers;
officers of government and non-gov handbooks were printed and distribut on child abuse and sexual harassmen same target groups. In this context, were held for the purpose of creating
864. Ministry of Women's Affairs Projects : Guidance and couns
Source - http://www.women 18 May 2003.
The Women's Bureau is a state-run ins rights and to empower them. This programme of counselling services fol internally displaced women through si
865. Ministry of Women's Affairs Projects : Violence against wo
Source - http://WWW, Women.w May 2003).

onment & Women's Affairs. Violence man rights, Women and Armed conflict. for Sri Lanka: Towards gender equality.
violence in family and community are oals, strategies and collaboration of are summarised in a tabulated format. | and the UN Declaration on Violence s Charter that endorses the state policy
i Lanka. Programmes on Violence against urce - http://www.womenwarpeace. Org/ 003).
rogrammes on violence and harassment UNWomen's Charter on discrimination y UNICEF this programme covered school children, teachers, parents and ernmental organisations. Handouts and ed under this programme. Programmes it have been conducted in 1999 for the a poster competition and an exhibition
awareness among the community.
. Women's Bureau. Programmes and elling programme. Colombo. 2000. lp.
Warpeace.org/sri lanka; accessed on
titution for women, to promote women's web site provides information on the victims of armed conflict, launched for tate counselling centres.
. Women's Bureau. Programmes and omen programme. Colombo. 2001. lp.
arpeace.org/sri lanka; accessed on 18
40

Page 357
This website refers to the issue of a violence through specific programme personnel and community leaders. The Bureau, serves to educate and motivat gender violence to the police so that a
866. The National Committee on Wo
Daily News. 28 August 1999.
This is a briefing on the role played b (NCW) to combat violence against w Convention on the Elimination of all fo (CEDAW). Governed by the Women's C in Colombo, entertaining complaints ra to sexual violence, and aids with in mediation services for the victim.
867. National Consultation Workshop Eliminating Gender Based Vic December 2004: Report. 31 p.
This workshop seeks to provide sp government, non-government and UN the many facets of the issue of violen create a forum to discuss the perceptic It aims to formulate a plan of action c. remedial, preventive and support stra the country. Based on the current situat drafted action plans in terms of reform and support services. In this context, committee comprising members from organizations is to be set up to monitort proposed.
868. National Development Bank ( ray of hope for Women in the N 2p. Colombo). 2003. Source - 22 December 2003).
This is a briefing on the project entitl Girls in Sri Lanka' where assistance
3.

wareness raising on gender-oriented es that target school children, police programme launched by the Women's 2 the community to report incidents of ction can be taken against them.
men's Centre for Gender Complaints.
by the National Committee on Women omen, as ratified by Sri Lanka in the frms of Discrimination Against Women harter of Sri Lanka the centre is located nging from employment discrimination vestigations, redressal, legal aid and
on a MultiSectoral Response towards blence in Sri Lanka. Colombo, 9-1 0
anneX.
ace for different stakeholders from Agencies to use findings of studies on ce against women in Sri Lanka and to ns and experiences of the participants. omprising a multi-sectoral approach to tegies to eliminate gender violence in ion of gender-based violence, the forum ling the law, media, educational, health a national level task force/consultative the government and non-governmental he implementation of the various actions
of Sri Lanka (NDB). NDB Brings [a] orth with [the] Japanese Government.
http://www.ndb.org/news; accessed on
ed "Empowering the Poor Women and e is rendered to those in the war-torn
41

Page 358
districts of Vavuniya, Jaffna and Trinco generating capacities of women victim in economic activities, the project foc
O Implementing and managing S farming and dairy practices; Women's leadership training; Initiation to savings and revolvi
P Formation of women's groups a
Renovation of water resources and acce as back-up to the capacity building in
869. Neeran. An American academic
Eelam : [[From March 1990 to
12p. Source - http://www.san 2003).
The practice of dowry is a root cause family violence, as observed in many has launched an educational campaig North of Sri Lanka. Dowry, based on his family members has lead to the h leading to corruption in the society. S Sri Lanka, dowry given to the woman independent powers to mortgage, lease COISent.
870. National Committee on Wom
discuss Curriculum on Gender
1997. 2p. Draft). Source -ICES
This abstract concerns police services need to improve on:
Services of the Women's and C. Attitudes towards the complain: Level of gender sensitivity of p Curriculum of the training cour gender-based violence.
Accordingly, more women police pers( handle the cases reported by women
3.

malee. Aiming to strengthen the income is of war to enhance their participation
ll:SCS O(1:
elf-employment through agricultural
ng credit facilities; nd participatory assessment.
:SS to micro-loans are part of the project, itiative.
: on the civil administration in Thamil November 1995.J. s.l., 10 May 1996. gam.org ; accessed on 23 September
for gender discrimination, as well as cases. According to this report, LTTE n against the practice of dowry in the demands' made by the bridegroom and ampering of Socio-economic progress, anctioned by the Tesawalamai Law of at the time of her marriage, gives her no or sell the property without the spouse's
en NCW - Sri Lanka. Meeting to Issues for Police officers. 14 February SArchives on Violence against Women).
for women victims of violence and the
hildren's Desk;
ants of rape and incest; olice personnel; se to accommodate the perspective on
annel have been recruited and trained to . It was also decided that the training
42

Page 359
curriculum should include in-servicedomestic violence and other forms ofg
871. Nest. The work of Nest. Hendala
WWW. nest Srilanka.com; accessed
This brochure focuses on the activities serves women with psychiatric problen of Nest includes:
O Providing support to young moth o Promoting mental health awa
communities; O Providing training for health wor employment opportunities for he O Launching campaigns for bette
psychiatric patients.
872. One stop crisis centre at Color
6 March 2002.
Women. In Need (WIN) a women's or eliminating violence against Women, h centre at the Emergency Unit if the Nat provides free counselling and related
medical help. The services include pro advice if the victim needs legal help, be up action and coordinating with other
873. Oxfam. Community Aid Abroad empowered against backdrop C August 1996. 2p. Source - ht 25 January 2003).
In an interview with journalists, the speaks about their model programme armed conflict in the North and East provide support to cope with a turbulen domestic responsibilities due to the d their families and the vulnerability concerns the challenges faced in imple in the wake of social reconstruction in
3.

raining on procedures pertaining to ender-related abuses.
(Sri Lanka). 20... P... [Source- http:// | on 20 January 2003).
of Nest a community-based NGO that ls. The community health programme
ers in distress and in isolation; reness in farming and plantation
kers in community health and creating althcare providers; r health conditions and treatment of
mbo National Hospital. Daily News.
ganisation committed to the cause of as set up a one-stop crisis intervention ional Hospital in Colombo. This centre services to battered women who seek vision of trained staff and basic legal asides maintaining documents, followsupport agencies.
lCAA). Living in a War Zone: Women f war. Prp. Nalini Kasynathan. [s.l).
tp://www.oxfam.org.au, accessed on
CAA Program Officer for South Asia in support of the women affected by f Sri Lanka. This programme aims to situation of widowhood, the burden of 2ath or 'disappearance' of the men in o sexual exploitation. The interview menting the programme and its future a war-torn community.
.3

Page 360
874. Oxfam. Community Aid Abro democracy. Prp. Nalini Kasymath
http://WWW, OXfam.org.au: acces
In an interview with journalists, the speaks on their model programme ins conflict in the North and East of Sri L support to cope with a turbulent situatio responsibilities in the death or 'disappe the Vulnerability to sexual exploitation faced in implementing the programm reconstruction in a war-torn communit
875. Parliament of the Democrat
Code of Criminal Procedures Colombo. 1995.
This section of the Act related to the miscarriage, injuries to unborn childr abortion. Despite the fact that abortion death in Sri Lanka. The amended act h only under circumstances where the
mother. Even in the case of rape-relate however, does not provide for abortion women and children has been amend abortion-related deaths is not seen as á reproductive rights, nor a violation of
876. Perera-Rajasingham, Nimant of motherhood in the East. 2 Hambantota, 11-14 July 2005. I
This paper relates to a gendered activ and resisting the atrocities of a civil militant groups. The paper draws in the collectively, as dialogues and mass p young children. Cases are cited from haunted by militants and mothers de rescue' their children from being for
877. Poster Campaign. P2. Pravahi
3

ad CAA. Women . Moving towards an. Colombo). July 1996. 2p. (Source - sed on 20 January 2003).
CAA Program Officer for South Asia upport of the women affected by armed anka. This programme aims to provide n of widowhood, the burden of domestic 'arance' of the men in their families and . The interview concerns the challenges e and its future in the wake of social
y.
ic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. 'Amendment) Act, No.20 of 1995. 5p.
prohibition of abortion as “...causing 2n', imposes penalty to perpetrators of is illegal, it is a major cause of maternal has no provision for safe abortions, but pregnancy is "life-threatening' to the d or forced pregnancies the amendment rights. Though "grave sexual abuse' to ed as a punishable crime, the issue of form of violence against the woman's the right to control over her body.
hi. Resisting Violence : The politics Op. notes. "Gender and Violence", Draft.
ism within the space of motherhood var, where children are conscripted by responses of mothers, individually and rotests, against forced conscription of the Eastern Province, where villages ployed many a strategy to safeguard/ efully taken for armed training.
li. Vol.6, No.2. 1998.
44

Page 361
This is a campaign launched by the W (WERC) to counter sexual harassment to the complaints received from wom attract the attention of the public and the problem.
878. Projects : A Psychological S and their Trauma. P2. Pra Vahi
This is a news item concerning the hea workers in the free trade Zone of Sri study their physical and mental heal environment” - public transport, con prolonged working hours. This researc health ir development and the search
879. Protection of Housemaids. P4.
This news item concerns the state e workers against violence and mistrea East and other countries. The migran Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Empl oetween the worker and employer gi working conditions to the women bef
880. Radhika has protested against
Island. 15 March 2000.
A press release of the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Violence Ag: over the growing incidence of gang
Sri Lanka. Focusing attention on indi Radhika Coomaraswamy stresses or prosecution of offenders by the law government intervention for efficient
881. Rajasingham-Senanay yake,
empowerment in war anul displ NOS. 2 & 3. 1999.

Women's Education & Research Centre of women in public places. In response en of all classes, this campaign aims to make them aware of the seriousness of
tudy of Blue-collar Women Workers ni. Vol.2, No.2. 1998.
ith services available for women factory Lanka. This project by WERC aims to th as a result of the existing "factory nmunal living, rigorous work-load and hdraws attention to the issue of women's
for alternatives.
Pravahini. Vol. 12, No.2. 1998.
ffort to protect the Sri Lankan women tment by their employers in the Middle temployer's contract introduced by the oyment provides a formal agreement ving particulars of the sponsorship and ore they leave the country.
attack on Women by Soldiers - UN. The
draws attention of the report of the UN inst Women expressing grave concern rape and murder of women and girls in vidual cases brought to her attention Dr. the lack of serious investigations and enforcement authority. This calls for and timely action of the law enforcers.
Darini. After Victimhood Women's acement. P25-29: notes. Pravada. Vol.6,
345

Page 362
In this article, the author examines the where women emerge as heads of hou. women who have lost their spouses in empowerment, instrumental for socia observation opens up a debate on wo dominated culture, where post-war re.
882. Rajendran, S. Protestors ac, murdering a young Tamil Woma http://WWW. WSWS.Org/articleS/; .
A public demonstration was held in the Sri Lanka, in protest of the alleged cus a 20-year old mother by security perso her home by men in black uniform, a reports confirmed that the victim w suffocation. The President has ordere deterrent action would be possible ag ranks or status.
883. Rajepakse, Ruwana. Rape C Options. No.2. November 1994.
Rape is viewed as a serious offence u carries a maximum sentence of 20 year have been reported as a result of s throughout the process. This article pro the victim of rape when reporting the
o Prompt complaint to the police
recording;
o Timely medical examination by incident ie., telling a relative, sh during the act;
o Resisting the offence if possib reasonable force to protect ones
884. Range, Irangika. Women. In 1 Fund. Daily News. 8 Novembel
34

ole of women in apost-conflict society eholds. She argues that non-combatant protracted war have found space' for change in a patriarchal society. This men's new-found status within a maleonstruction is in progress.
: use Sri Lankan Security Forces of v. 2p.s.l.. 13 January 2000. Source - |ccessed on 22 August 2004).
village of Pungudutivu in the North of odial rape and murder of Sarathambal, nnel. Evidently, she was abducted from nd her body disposed of. Post-mortem as raped and death occurred due to :d a full-inquiry on this case, so that ainst the culprits irrespective of their
ases : Myths and realities. P.10-12.
nder the Penal Code of Sri Lanka and s of imprisonment. However, few cases ocio-legal constraints of the victim vides the essential steps to be taken by CSC:
and checking for accuracy of the case
a qualified physician. Publicising the owing the torn clothes, injuries caused
le, as law permits a person to use a 2If.
leed launches) Victims of Violence
2003.
6

Page 363
The Victims of Violence Fund was lau of cases on violence against Women
assist a large number of victims of dor abuse by providing them legal advice, in their hour of need. WIN operates country, as well as two *One-Stop CI and maternity hospitals in Colombo w
885. Rita John Case . A collection ( August-November 2002. Sourc Women.
This collection includes document news media on the follow-up of the R Indian national was abducted, robbe October 1998. Rejecting an appeal ch the High Court, a trial-at-bar comprisi same sentence along with the imposi three accused.
886. Ruwanpura, Kanchana. *7The Spaces of subversion and site and Violence", Hambantota, 11
This working paper reviews the scop subverting and or reinforcing gendere female headed households in the Warobserves that Suriya Women's Deve Affected Women's Forum (AWF) of A transmitting gender issues, in particul an agenda where the victims of viole their own lives. Suriya and AWF, thus pn in order to build a deeper understandin activities include:
O Raising awareness on women'ss
impact on community welfare;
O Create a social space to challe
victims of violence.
Forthcoming as "Gender & Violence',
3.

nched as a result of increasing number and children. This fund leads WIN to nestic violence, rape, incest and sexual counselling, refuge, comfort and solace 5 centres in the various parts of the isis Centres' in the National Hospital here women are admitted at large.
of news clippings. October 1998 and e - ICES Archives on Violence Against
2d press clippings from mainstream ita John rape and murder. Ms. John, an d, gang-raped and murdered on 11th allenging the death sentence passed by ng 5 Supreme Court judges passed the tion of 82 years imprisonment for the
Gender and Spatial Politics of NGOs s of reinforcement. 19p., ref. “Gender 14 July 2005. Draft.
e of which NGOs are sites/spaces for d identities, by using the social group, afflicted East of Sri Lanka. The author lopment Centre from Batticaloa and Alkaraipattu have a broad objective of ar violence against women to promote nce are the active agents in control of ioritize women's socio-economic rights, g of the issue of gender violence. Their
socio-economic rights and the gendered
ange gender inequality by mobilizing
published by ICES, Colombo.
47

Page 364
The Culture Theatre Group of Suriya and related issues, produced by mem combat violence against women, in perpetrated as a result of a civil war.
887. Samath, Faizal. Curbing the ,
24 June 2001.
This is a review of the proposed Dom women from family violence and pro The article refers to the comments ma and Media Collective and academics benefits of the act, which considers th to provide medical and legal assistanc
888. Samuel, Kumudini. Gender dif of Sri Lanka. P8-16. Options. N
Women in Sri Lanka are major victim displacement. This article highlights groups against armed conflict, calling who have lost their family members Women for Peace, Mothers and Daug Mothers' Front and the Northern Mot and a national campaign against a extrajudicial killings by security forc activities and the challenges faced by
889. Samuel, Kumudini. Give Ped marginalization in the peace pro 2000.
This is an exploration of women's acti the civil war. Women's peace groups : for Peace, The Northern Mothers Fro The Southern Mothers Front are addres their contribution towards the task, the of the women's movements in the path women's participation in political neg
3

Stages programmes on gender abuse bers of the community, as strategies to particular domestic violence and that
Demon at Home. The Sunday Times.
estic Violence Act that seeks to protect ovide for their economic self-reliance. de by Women. In Need (WIN), Women in the field of law, acknowledging the e elements from criminal and civil law
ce to the victims.
erences in conflict resolution : The case No. 14, 2" Quarter. 1998.
s of the protracted civil war, and suffel contributions made by women’s action for peace in support of women victims . Women's Action Committee (WAC) ghters of Sri Lanka (MDSL), Southerr hers' Front have conducted mass rallies rmed conflict, disappearances' and es. This article looks into their growth,
them.
ace a Chance: Women's activism and cess. P.3-8. Options. No.21. 1st Quarter,
on groups in Sri Lanka in protest against and protest movements such as Women nt, Mothers & Daughters of Lanka and ised within this context. While exploring authoris optimistic that the intervention of peace making could also help increase gotiations.
48

Page 365
890. Sarwar, Beena. South Asia un
21. WLUML Newsheet. Vol.X,
This news article on the South Asian held in Kathmandu acknowledges the hotline service established by the Sri I family violence and other forms of gei The conference organised by UNICEF to discuss the commonalities on the is: address the problem. Based on this th the role of the family in perpetrating wo treatment of the boy-child. On initiativ the family and community the Commit
State policies in relation to the is Judicial, police reforms; Community interventions.
891. Satikumarajah, Bavani. Centr
a helping hand to Women who Peninsula. I. Translation summ, - ICES Archives on Violence a
The adversities encountered by wom due to the ethnic conflict, civil war and Centre for Women and Development (C to help them lodge complaints on S rehabilitation of the affected and in sa
892. SC ISupreme Court orders co point. s.l., 24 January 2002. 2 accessed on 3 May 2004).
The Supreme Court has ordered the St to a woman who was raped by 3 sold Based on a complaint lodged by the been violated, a three-member bench issue of custodial violence against Ta and human rights groups launched a incidence of rape and abuses by the s

ites against Domestic Violence. P20No. 1. April 1998.
Coalition Against Domestic Violence success of the "24-hour Helpline' - a lankan police to receive complaints on nder-based complaints. - draws in participants from South Asia sue of family violence and strategies to e Kathmandu Commitment recognises men against women through preferential ves to combat gender-based violence in ment aims to follow up:
SSU€;
2 for Women and Development offers faced abuse and violence in the Jaffna ary J. Virakesari. 22 July 1999. Source gainst Women).
an in Jaffna are directly and indirectly the instability of the civil administration cWD) offers free legal advice to women exual violence. It also assists in the feguarding their human rights.
mpensation to woman raped at check
p. (Source - http://www.taminet.com
ate to pay Rs.150,000 as compensation liers at a check-point within Colombo. victim that her fundamental rights have heard the trial. Concerned about the mil women, the Tamil political parties protest campaign against the growing ecurity personnel.
49

Page 366
893. Seneviratne, Dharshini. Chan predicaments of the Muslim W (MWRAFI. P.34-37; notes. Opt
MWRAF is a women's NGO, campai "...the code of conduct for women have society'. This article discusses the W. reforms on personal laws, especially both of which give little or no freedc organisation while making interventior in the Muslim Personal Law in Sri Lank the upcoming wave of religious extrem gender-oppressive.
894. Seneviratne, Pratibashi. It’s ti
women's health in Sri Lanka. P. 2001.
Indicating that women in Sri Lanka freedom related to the control of the Women (NCW) has identified severa women and women's health. In Sri Lar cause for maternal deaths. Based upo women have no access to information Action has put forward strategies for i by means of:
Women's right for safe, medical
Access to contraceptives at com
O Provision of family planning se
centres at community level.
The Family Planning Association of Sri their network, conduct educational pro for the community women to have a be This article mentions the Marie Stopf offers Vaccum Aspiration or Mens pregnancy-related problems.
895. "Sexual Harassment in the W Colombo, Law & Society Trust

ging Lives and Laws : Activism and
omen's Research and Action Forum ions. No. 14, 2"di Quarter 1998.
gning for reforms in religious laws as oecome even more ingrained in Muslim ork of MWRAF in lobbying for legal with regard to divorce and polygamy om of expression for the women. The is in initiating gender sensitive reforms a, aims to assert Women's rights against hism that has proved to be dangerously
me to make a change . The status of 7-11, ref Options. Vol.25, 1st Quarter,
need to enjoy their human rights and ir bodies, the National Committee on issues that relate to violence against kaillegal, unsafe abortions are a major n the fact that rural, community-based
on health issues, the National Plan of mproved women's reproductive health
termination of pregnancy; munity level; rvices through better equipped health
Lanka needs to be encouraged to widen grammes and have counselling Services tter control of their reproductive health. es Clinic, a private health concern that trual Regulation (MR) Services for
Workplace”, Colombo, 24 July 1999. . 28p.
50

Page 367
The purpose of this workshop is to pro understanding of Sexual harassment in t on the employee/institution and the stI The forum draws in:
Laws related to sexual harassm Performance/productivity issues Role of the management in deal Response to complaints of sexu
While providing the intellectual fount the forum helps the participants to ic could appoint trained personnel to har
896. Sharma, Kalpana. A Gift from
Women have been victimised by war
various forms of violence - forced in and trauma. In the wake of the peace set up to look into the grievances of wor the North and East. Persistent lobbyin lead to an International Women's Com areas and prepared a blue-print applica society. This report draws in war-rela violence, custodial abuse, family vio issues with recommendations for rehab The National Women's Committee reci are victims of war be given specific
return to their homes. Land laws have
headed households and widows be g should be handed directly to the wome
897. Silva, Vijitha. Protests in Sri
Tamil women. [s.l, World Socia WWW.WSWS.org; accessed on 2,
This news article concerns a public p women, in particular sexual abuse Highlighting the growing incidence campaign condemned the recent inci security check-point in Central Colom made. The news item however, does n involved in the protest campaign.
3

vide managers and supervisors with an he workplace, information on its impact ategies necessary to address the issue.
ent;
associated with sexual harassment;
ing with the issue;
all harassment.
lation and information on the subject, lentify the skills needed, so that they dle such complaints.
Sri Lanka. The Hindu. 26 January 2003.
and conflict in Sri Lanka, subjected to ernal displacement, physical suffering process a women's committee has been men in the war-torn regions, in particular g of women's groups in the country has mission which toured the war-affected ble to gender issues in any post-conflict ted forms of gender violence - sexual lence, ostracism to widows and health ilitation and resettlement of the victims. ommends that women and children who reassurances of safety if they want to to be scrutinised to ensure that womeniven land deeds. Cash compensations 'n so that it actually benefits the family.
Lanka against the rape and torture of list. 10 July 2001. 4p. Source - http:// 2 February 2003).
rotest on the brutal treatment of Tamil by members of the security forces. of violence against women, the mass dent of rape of a young mother at the bo in response to which no arrests were ot quote the names of the action groups
51

Page 368
898. Sivamohan, Sumathy. **Sal citizenship in the narratives oj "Gender & Violence", Hambant
A collection of narratives and sketch areas of the North and East, implyin civil war and coerced displaceme mechanism'. The text and drawings ex expectations and hopes for the transt into a society with a promising future
899. South Asia Partners Internati Commercial Sexual Exploitation Asia, Sri Lanka perspective 20C
There are no special laws to address Lanka. However, the Government has the issue of child prostitution, for wh enactments and new legislation in thi
Penal Code Amendment Act NC National Child Protection Authc Judicature (Amendment) Act N Penal code (Amendment) Act N Criminal Procedure Code (Ame Evidence Ordinance (Amendme
The amendments, while providing fol trials in the best interest of the child vi sexual acts and engaging in pornograp they prescribe a form of referral foi protection pending trials. However, sh postponement of legal cases, lack of re to iegal aid are some of the factors prostitution in the country.
After Stockholm- res)
An important remedial measure taken appointment of a Presidential Commis
Forthcoming as "Gender & Violence".
3

, Sand and Water . Movement and displaced women. 34p., illustrations. ta, 11-14 July 2005. Draft.
is by women living in conflict-affected g that women who face atrocities of a nt resort to creativity as a coping press their likes/dislikes, goals, dreams, ormation of a war-ridden environment
onal SAP-II. Legal Measures P43-44. of Children (CSEC): A review of South )1. Colombo. December 2001.
; violence against the girl child in Sri taken several legal measures to address nich adolescent girls are procured. The S espect are:
. 22, 1995; ority (NCPA) Act, 1998; o.27, 1998;
so. 29, 1998; 'ndment) Act No.28, 1998; ent) Act No.32, 1999.
statutory rape have brought in speedy ctim. Prohibiting trafficking, procuring hy of persons less than 18 years of age, the victims to institutional care and ortcomings in the legislative framework, sources to fight trials and lack of access that increase the prevalence of child
ponse to CSEC. P.45-54.
by the Government of Sri Lanka is the sion to prevent all forms of child abuse.
published by ICES, Colombo.
52

Page 369
The action plan drafted by the Commis counselling and consciousness-raising. throughout the island to deal with violen trained personnel record and investigate service to report cases of child abuse. Ch into the Draft Constitution of Sri Lanka protection. As a further step, the Comp mandatory education for all children be abuse are provided with state-run child point until alternatives are found. NGOs in the country work to support temporary shelter, welfare and counselli and to the community. Some specifica physically abused ones as well as those Women's Christian Association (YWC abused girl child, while PEACE, Don E Community Health Foundation, Praja Sarvodaya Programme for Street Childr children. International donor agencies Alliance form partnerships with the loca rights. The International Programme on t and the ILO together, are launching an trafficking and child prostitution. Conc Lanka, it is necessary to draw in the pr programmes and mechanisms in the re abused children.
900. Soysa, Priyani E. The Health a 92, tables; ref. Facets of Chan Colombo, CENWOR. 1995.
The role played by women's NGOs i HIV/AIDS is condoned in this paper. Network (SLWPHN) with support Association (YWCA) has conducted sexually transmitted diseases and AID Kandy. A lecturer course on AIDS-a prisoners in Colombo who are in the "a Sri Lanka Medical Association (SLMA of SLWPHN on how to deal with pati
35

ion has perspectives of legal reform, The police department has set up desks ce against women and children, where
the complaints and a 24-hour hotline ildren's rights have been incorporated (2000), to combat child abuse and for ulsory Education Act (1997) ensures low 14 years of age. Victims of child ren's homes that function as a transit
nd rehabilitate victims, by providing ng to reintegrate them to their families ily cater to the needs of sexually and vulnerable to exploitation. The Young A) runs the Girl Child Centre for the 3osco, Nisala Diya Sevene, ESCAPE, Mithuro, Save the Children and the en work with exploited and victimised such as UNICEF, Save the Children l NGOs to protect and promote child's he Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) ational plan of action to combat child erning the level of sex tourism in Sri ivate sector and the media to develop covery and re-integration of sexually
ad Nutritional Status of Women. P58ge : Women in Sri Lanka 1986-1995.
n creating awareness on the issue of The Sri Lankan Women Public Health rom the Young Women's Christian an awareness-raising programme on S for school children in the District of wareness was conducted for women -risk group'. In collaboration with the } a workshop was held for the members 2nts affected by HIV/AIDS.
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901. Sri Lanka . Efforts by the , Programme of Action. P... Real
- http://www.unicef.org; access
The Family Planning Association of S1 works in refugee camps in order to sec of the internally displaced, in particula comprising health committees at the cam planning services, creating health aw nutrition and sanitation. With the su leadership and volunteers, the project le and reproductive issues to the interna work the association urges the gove preventing unsafe abortion - to consi cases of contraceptive failure, rape and is being conducted, in order to addres women's health. As an alternative to ab been introduced by FPASL, made avai
902. Sri Lanka to execute rape, m
21 November 2004. Source - 19 December 2004.
The Government of Sri Lanka has ann for rape, murder and narcotic deals. In cases of sexual violence and murder. adequate penalty and often are acqui have been ordered to re-organise the crir laws and minimise delays in legal proc
903. Sri Lanka Women's Bill promo s.l., Lifesite. 1 June 2004. Soul on 29 August 2004.
A move to legalise abortion comes in Rights (2004) submitted by the National in the wake of a call by the Family Plan an active wing of the International Pl working with the Ministry of Health. FF for women's health and safe motherhoc a school curriculum of sex education : of adolescent students, in particular gii
35

PASL in implementing the ICPD Lives. Issue.3. January 1999. Source 'd on 10 December 2002).
i Lanka (FPASL), during the civil war, ire Some aspects of reproductive rights women. FPASL has initiated a project p-level with volunteers providing family reness and providing information on port of state health personnel, local ads to raising consciousness on Sexual ly displaced. Through their advocacy inment to take appropriate action in ler legalising abortion, at least in the incest. A study on the issue of abortion s the problem of unsafe abortions and ortion, "emergency contraception' has lable from retail outlets.
urder and drug convicts. lp. (s. l. http://archive. lacnet.org; accessed on
ounced capital punishment as penalty
response to the increasing number of where the offenders do not receive tted, the law enforcement authorities ne prevention wing, strengthen criminal edures.
tes contraception and abortion. 2p. ce - http://www.lifesite.net ; accessed
as part of the Draft Bill on Women's Committee on Women. The Bill comes ning Association of Sri Lanka (FPASL) anned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), ASL promotes the use of contraception d, and also urges the state to introduce nd reproductive health for the benefit ls.
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904. Sri Lankan National Desk for
No.2, July 1995.
This is a brief summary on the police women in Sri Lanka. The police headc for violence against women and child wide, in all the police stations to receiv and child abuse - domestic abuse, rap
905. Suriya Women's Development affected by Violence. Batticaloa
This document is an awareness-raisi women's NGO based in the Eastern pi a social consciousness on gender-bast Inclusive of a poster campaign, obser Week', cultural events, exhibitions, S based organisations to lobby for action oriented abuse.
906. Tambiah, Yasmin. Man-made la encounter with the law in Sri Lc
This is an analysis of the rights of sexua within the framework of the Sri Lan acts - 'unnatural offences of Section and legal discrimination against lesbi attitudes of society and media and th issue.
907. TIE-Asia Transnational In Profile : Sri Lanka. [s.l). 3
www.tieasia.org; accessed on
This web page relates to the services to improve the status of women work where women work under exploitati sexual harassment by the employer/s 1982 and located in many parts oft committed to raise awareness of the wo

Child Abuse. P2-3. Pravahini. Vol.3,
action in relation to violence against uarters has established a national desk abuse. The Desk is to be set up islande complaints on gender-based violence e, sexual harassment and incest.
Centre. Programmes related to Women , 31 March 2000. 2p
ng programme launched by Suriya, a 'ovince. The programme aims to create 2d violence and to counter such abuse. sation of the “Violence against Women uriya networks with other communityagainst rape and other forms of gender
tws and Feminine feelings : A Lesbian' inka. Lines. May 2002. 6p.; notes.
l minorities, in particular lesbian women kan Penal Code that deals with Sexual 365, amendments made in recent times ans. The paper also sheds light on the le response of law enforcers upon this
ormation Exchange-Asia. Country August 2003. 2p. Source - http:// 30 October 2003).
bf Women's Centre an NGO committed ers in the free trade Zone of Sri Lanka fe conditions and many fall victims to perior at the workplace. Established in he Free trade zone the organisation is men on economic, labour, human rights,
55

Page 372
political issues and their rights as wom work policies and ethics to improve t the centre includes lobbying, campai recreational activities and Welfare se
908. TIE-Asia Transnational Recommendations to the Govel research. 4p. Women working ii 3 August 2003. Source - http:// 2003).
Majority of workers in the informals vulnerable to exploitation in the ch conducted a research study of home W overworked and face many a form o Convention (No. 177) on Home Work, the Government of Sri Lanka and BO improve the status of the home worl workers rights.
909. Tissainayagam, J.S. Inadeq Times. 31 May 2000. 3p.
This news article illustrates the inad sexual violence with cases of custod belonging to the minority communities are subjected to torture and sexual vio Victims have pointed out that the
specifically introduced to combat arn by security forces. Under the PTA, a of and above the rank of an assistant su ın the court. Also, the burden of pro duress lies with the accused. Therefo taken into custody become vulnerable
910. Transcultural Psychosocial
psychological, family and socia Tamil community. Ed. Daya Sol
This section of the publication concern by women - single, spinsters, married, from traditional, War-affected commu

en/workers, helping them to re-negotiate heir working conditions. The agenda of gns, exchange of programmes, cultural/ vices for the workers.
Information Exchange-Asia. nment/Ministry of Labour arising from h the informal sector in Sri Lanka. s.l. www.tieasia.org; accessed on 31 October
ector are women, least visible yet most lain of sub-contracting. TIE-Asia has orkers in Sri Lanka who are under-paid, f exploitation. In keeping with the ILO this study provides recommendations to for immediate and long-term actions to kers to be recognised by their human/
uate law expose Tamil women. Asia
lequacy of laws dealing with rape and ial rape in war-stricken areas. Women living in the North and East of Sri Lanka lence perpetrated by security personnel. Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA), ned militancy, encourages sexual abuse confession made before a police officer perintendent of police, is valid evidence of that the confession was made under "e, conditions are created where women
to torture and sexual abuse.
Organisation (TPO). Women at the l levels. P 145-163. Mental health in the nasundaram et al. Jaffna. 2000.
S the psychosocial problems encountered widows and women heads of households nities of Sri Lanka. Exploring the levels
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of gender discrimination engraved in til on Sexual violence, domestic abuse spinsterhood, besides reproductive he abortion, teenage pregnancy, childlessr The document provides information on through effective psycho-social int. programmes to cope with such problems designed for grass-root workers, pr personnel, social workers, traditiona guidebook describes simple and effe problems faced by a traditional Socie repeated displacement.
911. UNAIDS et a HIV/AIDS ... | women and girls From HIV Infe Daily Mirror. 1 December 2004
A consciousness raising initiative by International AIDS Day, this advert personalities from the fields of gendel with a public appeal to protect Wome humanitarian support to victims.
912. UNFPA. Fighting violence again
The United Nations Population Fund for Voluntary Surgical Contraception violence into the training programm officials. Funding projects in partner Sewaya and Sri Lanka Association f UNFPA conducts leadership programm focus on how women could work in combat gender violence
913. United Nations Commissi
International League for Peace : NGOs written statements, NGOs
s.l. March/April 1998.
This is a statement by a women's NC condemn the use of rape and sexual
3.

he society, this chapter relates to issues , stigmatisation of widowhood and alth related dilemmas of menopause, less and myths regarding contraception. how the community could help victims erventions, awareness-raising health and to promote mental health. Specially imary healthcare providers, medical I healers and community leaders this :ctive interventions for psychological ity in the midst of armed conflict and
't's Everyone's Responsibility . Protect action and support those living with it.
y donor agencies on the event of the isement shows a number of eminent ractivism, media, sports and business, n and girls from AIDS, and to provide
ust women. Daily News. 29 March 1999.
(UNFPA) and Sri Lankan Association h (SLAVC) have incorporated gender hes for military personnel and police 'ship with the Rajarata Apada Sahana for Voluntary Surgical Contraception, hes for women - workshops with special close coordination with the police to
on on Human Rights. Women's and Freedom. P... Situation in Sri Lanka oral statements, NGOs joint statements.
GO calling on the UN Commission to violence against women as forms of
57

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torture by government troops and sec rape in the North and East of Sri Lanka of rape in the North and East carried state intervention in punishing the per
914. United Nations Economic ar the Pacific. Limitations of relevance of Substantive and 1 law. P.31-36. Human rights and Pacific Region. New York. 1997
l).
In South Asia, child marriage is a cru policies for its prevention. Most count family norms, acknowledging the m inconsistent legal policies place restrai granting legal rights to the husband/g Sri Lankan State provides facilities f extent contributes towards increasi preventing the exploitation of the gir Also, the policy of compulsory primary a higher social status.
915. United Nations Economic an the Pacific UNECOSOC). R rights and legal status of Wome York. 1997. (Series: Studies on
Sri Lanka, similar to other South Asia abortion only on grounds of the mo amendment to the Penal Code of Sri La under conditions of gender-based vio on grounds of foetal defects. Howev Ministry of Justice in Parliament. In c imposed in the same year denying r employees unless they prove that the Evidently, laws and policies reflect th that the un married mother and her cl there are no restrictions imposed on thi the state sector, u

:urity personnel. Referring to cases of , the statement highlights the incidence
out by armed forces, and the level of petrators.
ld Social Commission for Asia and Constitutional approaches and the Jomestic laws National and Family legal status of women in the Asian and . (Studies on Women in Development
icial area that requires consistent legal ries in the region have laws that reflect an as the head of the unit. However, ints on the prevention of early marriage, guardian of a child bride. Of them, the or registering births, which to a great ng the age of marriage for women, | child as child bride and child widow. y education enables the girl child to gain
ld Social Commission for Asia and
eproductive Rights. P36-39. Human
n in the Asian and Pacific Region. New
Women in Development - 1).
in countries, has strict policies to permit ther's life being at risk. In 1995, an nka proposed the legislation of abortion lence as a result of rape and incest and er, the proposal was annulled by the ontrast, a public Sector regulation was maternity leave for un married women pregnancy occurred as a result of rape. e perception re-enforced by family law hild are of a low social status, though 2 unwed mother seeking employment in
58

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916. United Nations Developmen war-devastated livelihoods in S leather craft industry. s.l. 200 rbap/Success; accessed on 12 J
The Sri Lanka Red Cross Society (SLI the leather industry where the majorit. a result of the civil war in the North, w of Vathiry have resorted to leather w document relates to the assistance of women to find employment and to rev
917. United Nations Population F
women . The girl child. 3p. 2 accessed on 7 August 2003.
The burden' of being a girl child be childhood. An important recommendatic is the eradication of violence against
has made special efforts to eliminate : girls. The project conducts workshops discuss reproductive health issues. Co clinics giving information on the above to work with the local police to preven the police department in running child to counsel traumatized children. Leg promoting children's rights has lead to
918. United Nations Population
Migrant women workers. P 1 partnership. s.l.. 1999.
Migrant women workers to Middle E group Subjected to unwanted pregna well as physical/sexual abuse. UNFP state-sponsored, pre-departure tra workers, by facilitating a one-day tra collaboration with the Ministry of identifying an island-wide health aw and families to cope with the depart wives and daughters.

Programme (UNDP). Rebuilding ri Lanka . Reviving the famous Jaffna
l. 2p. Source - http://www.undp.Org/ une 2003}.
CS) in Jaffna is committed to reviving of workers are Women. Devastated as men heads of households in the village ork previously done by the men. This the SLRCS and UNDP in training the ive this traditional industry.
und UNFPA). Working to empower 002. Source- http://www.unfpa.org;
gins at birth and continues throughout on given by the Beijing Platform of Action the girl child. In Sri Lanka the UNFPA sexual abuse and exploitation of young for adolescent girls and their parents to unselling programmes are part of health issues. While volunteers are encouraged t child abuse, the project has also helped abuse desks and training police Women al advocacy and lobbying by activists the passage of a law against child abuse.
Fund UNFPA). New Interventions : 5. UNFPA in Sri Lanka : 30 Years of
ast and other countries are a vulnerable ncies, sexually transmitted diseases as A has significantly upgraded the current ining programme for migrant Women ining module on reproductive health in abour. They are also in the process of reness programme to help communities re of their women members - mothers,
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Vulnerable groups- internal
UNFPA in partnership with Populatio health services for the displaced won clinics have been handed over to the go in Mannar and Anuradhapura who fa
919. United Nations Population F quality of Reproductive Health the conflict Project SRL/99/P
s.l.. Source - http://www.un.
This project aims to improve the healt and border villagers affected by arme in 11 districts to increase access to rep are its major recipients. While contrib morbidity, and the spread of sexually a greater awareness on health issues a and youth.
920. United Nations Population Fund Lankau : A First in South Asi, www.unfpa.org; accessed on l l
In line with the Plan of Action of thi Clinic (WWC) is an opportunity to p women in their late and immediate conjunction with UNFPA, provide cou women. The clinic also investigates the (RTIs) and treats this disease that ha health, yet neglected by women in trad
921. USAID. USAID/OTII Sri Lanka 3p. Source - http://www.usaid.
Eastern United Women's Organizatio training programme on women's rights Empowerment Project of USAIDs'C the District of Trincomalee. The trait
Office of Transition Initiatives.

y displaced persons (IDP). P. 18-19.
Services Lanka provides reproductive en in the Mannar District. Two mobile vernment to provide services for women e the brunt of civil war.
und UNFPA). Improving access and Service to the population affected by
)I. P28-29. UNFPA in Sri Lanka — 2000.
pa.org; accessed on 8 August 2003).
h status among the internally displaced il conflict. UNFPA conducts the project roductive health services where women Puting to reduce maternal mortality and ransmitted diseases, the project creates mong the vulnerable groups of women
UNFPA). Well Women's Clinics in Sri a. s.l. 2001. P... Source - http:// August 2003).
2 ICPD, the concept of Well Women's rovide reproductive health services to y post-reproductive years. WWC, in nselling and family planning services to causes of Reproductive Tract Infections s a significant impact on reproductive itional communities.
field report. Colombo. March 2004. gov; accessed on June 2004).
n has conducted an awareness raising Supported by the Women's Community TI, the programme was conducted in er was a policewoman who discussed

Page 377
women's rights in a situation of civil appropriate procedures for reporting g was given on the special units within crimes, encouraging an open discussi and reluctance in approaching the poli of gender abuse. The outcome of the relationship of community women with villagers with the law enforcers.
922. U.S. Department of State. Wo
Human Rights Practices for 1998
Source - http://www.state.gov;
Legal reforms in 1995, on sexual assa of women is studied in this report. T under the national, civil and criminal family, marriage, divorce, child cus inheritance are being governed by cus religious groups. To implement laws th recommends gender sensitive approac
923. Vigil Coalition. Press Release.
This is a pamphlet issued in protest of in the war-afflicted areas of Sri Lank: for human rights eXpresses deep con Ms. Koneswary by the security forces silent demonstration demanding gend
924. Violence against women. P.5-1
1998.
This information is based on monitori January- March 1998, covering the i harassment and incest. While discussin related offences, the report shows the gender crimes, providing remedies for However, the provision for the victim needs the active co-operation of th legislators, police force and medical

war, informing the participation of the gender abuses to the police. A briefing the police station dealing with gender on with the participants on their fears ce with complaints, in particular those workshop undoubtedly improved the the police and the relationship of local
nen. P... Sri Lanka :Country report on ... Washington D.C.). 26 February 1999.
accessed on 21 January 2003).
ult, rape, spousal abuse and trafficking hough gender equality is pronounced laws of Sri Lanka, issues pertaining to tody and women's rights to property tomary laws related to different ethnic/ at bring about gender justice, the report hes to the police and judicial personnel.
Colombo. 15 August 1997. 1 p.
he custodial rape and murder of women a. The Vigil Coalition, an action group cern regarding the rape and murder of ; in the Ampara District, and calls for a er justice.
8. Women's Rights Watch. 1 Quarter.
ng the print media during the period of ssues on family violence, rape, sexual g state intervention pertaining togenderinadequacy of the laws in prosecuting victims and punishing the perpetrators. s does not depend on the law alone, but Ose handling the crimes, specifically, personnel. An analysis of the problems
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encountered by the victims when ma violence reveals that the medico-legal dealing with such cases.
Women and health.
This part of the report concerns wome in Sri Lanka. Though 'unofficially a abortion even under conditions of rap Planning Association of Sri Lanka run contraceptives while a number of pl services for menstrual regulations' u
925. Voice of Women. Laws. P33-3
Lanka. Colombo. 1997.
Sri Lanka has ratified the CEDAW ar the Child. In addition, the laws relating were amended in 1995. This report, wh incidence of sexual abuse of the girl ch reveals that the laws are inadequate to Currently, several provisions are availa obscene publications relating to cl exploitation, rape, incest, grave sexu Vagrants Ordinance, Muslim Child M. Sri Lanka. As a result, the issue sho past years, in comparison with other laws do not protect unwed mothers - sexual abuse, as abortion is legall circumstances.
926. WHO(World Health Organisa planning. P1-2. Health Servi Regional Office for South A WWW. Who.int/countrie:S/lka ; ac
This is a reflection of the health progra to the high incidence of induced aborti planning methods to prevent unwanted encompasses the reproductive health ( of trained health personnel to cope w

king complaints on rape and domestic system needs to be more sensitive when
፥ 19-20.
‘n’s health and the question of abortion ccepted in society, the law prohibits e and incest. Alternatively, the Family s a hotline service on the availability of ivate family planning clinics provide nder hygienic conditions.
'9. Sexual abuse of the girl child in Sri
Id the UN Convention on the Rights of g to the sexual offences against children ile providing statistical evidence on the ild as reported by the mainstream media, combat offences of rape and abduction. able to deal with child abuse, in terms of hildren, cruelty, procuration, sexual al abuse, gross indecency, Such as the arriage Act and the Women's Charter of NS a significant improvement over the South Asian countries. However, the
if a minor girl gets pregnant through y permitted only under prescribed
tion). Maternal and child health/Family »es : Sri Lanka. [New Delhi), WHO sia 27 June 2001. Source - http:// cessed on 4 July 2003.
mme of WHO in Sri Lanka, in response ons, and the failure of prevailing family pregnancies. The MCH/FP Programme f women, while providing the services ith the needs of adolescent health and
52

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maternal health of rural women, and planning.
927. WHO and UNICEF et al. T. maternal deaths in Sri Lanka. 3. stories in developing countries. accessed on 18 July 2003).
This is an acknowledgement on the h lead to a remarkable reduction in the backdrop of the government's com healthcare with free health services, m are available at the community level services. Through a system of free ed married women use contraceptives to S However there is a record of high ma of the North due to poor living conditio abortions.
928. WHRNET NEWS. Security fo P.I.s.l. 5 September 2001. So g on 10 May 2003).
An appeal made by the World Organi alleged torture, rape and arbitrary det the war-affected zones. OMCT urges a to bring up the issue to the notice of th adopt measures to end gender violen ensure respect for the human rights a circumstances.
929. Wickremasinghe, Narme. Ha Daily Mirror. 7 June 2003.
This news article acknowledges the r (RVSA) which addresses the psychoof armed forces. RVSA conducts th empowerment programme for the dis the Ranaviru Women's Support Grou for women soldiers. In partnership w
3

on the issue of health-related family
he safe motherhood initiative reduces D. Health a key to prosperity : Success
s.l. (Source - http://www.Who.int
ealthcare system in Sri Lanka that has incidence of maternal deaths. In the mitment to improve education and laternal and community health Services
as part of the integrated rural health ucation women are literate and 60% of pace pregnancies and limit family size. ternal deaths in the war-affected zones ins and health services, as well as unsafe
rces rape Tamil women in Sri Lanka. urce - http://www.wuml.org; accessed
sation Against Torture (OMCT) on the ention of women by security forces in ll concerned individuals and institutions he state authorities and for the police to ce committed by armed forces and to nd freedom of women at all times and
onouring those who thirst for Peace.
ole played by Ranaviru Seva Authority social needs and welfare of the families he Psycho-Social Welfare Project, an abled and war-affected women through ) which holds psychosexual workshops ith the Sarvodaya Movement the group
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also conducts training programmes fo whom are war-widows.
930. Wijayatilake, Dhara. Abuse ( "Recent amendments to the law
Society Trust Review. Vol.VII,
This paper examines gender-related le Penal Code (Amendments) Act No.2 1883 is subject to legal reforms that re In this context, amendments to all fi mentally retarded), Sexual harassmen and obscene publications of obscene schedule for enhanced penalties for t favour of the victims.
931. Wijayatilaka, Kamalini. An e
the situation in the Puttalan Women. Vol. 4, Issue. 4. Septen
This report is an overview of the socic Muslim women from the North of Sri L District in the North-Western Province. NGO Consortium of Puttalam as gathe Small discussion groups to relate the representative groups of camp inhabita officials. The Consortium of Humanit recommendations to improve the si Suggestions are on basic needs, env activities, social issues and civil/ poli While evaluating the relief measures, the only factor that can bring about a sig women, but co-ordination between the improve the situation. Rehabilitatic communities. Programmes on integra education could therefore be initiated
932. Wijayatilake, Kamalini. Devel by violence : Vehilihini Develo 1994. 21 p. ; ref.; append.

r women micro-entrepreneurs, most of
of women : Problems and remedies: to meet the situation '. P. 1-12. Law & issue. No. 107. September 1996.
gislative provisions introduced by the 2 of 1995. The penal code enacted in late to the status of women and family. orms of rape (custodial, gang, minor, t, sexual abuse, trafficking of women are reviewed. This article provides a he above offences that seek justice in
xtract from the Report "Overview of District", July 1994. P.5-9. Voice of mber 1996.
)-economic conditions of the displaced anka, residing in the camps of Puttalam It reviews information from the Donor/ cred from the women who have formed ir problems, and other sources such as nts, villagers, religious leaders and state arian Agencies (CHA) has put forward tuation within the camps. The main ironment, education, land, economic tical rights of the displaced people. the report highlights that support is not gnificant change in the lives of displaced : displaced and the locals is essential to on programmes should involve both ted credit facilities, literacy and adult with state Support.
opment programme for women affected pment Centre. OXFAM, s.l.). January
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Vehilihini Sanwardene Kendraya (VD the needs of those affected by armed ( borders the Zones of armed conflict. women's wing of VDC operates loan sc heads of households who have lost the war. The women receive skills training
yoghurt making etc. Apart from these, control, agricultural technology and int An evaluation of the programme is in
933. "Will you wear a White Ribbon
2004.
Oxfam Sri Lanka has launched a campa The White Ribbon Campaign Against Day for the Elimination of Violence Wearing a white ribbon is a personal p violence against women and is committ such violence. In the past, Oxfam has ( public awareness on the issue, in all th forums for the community and in Work men. This news article also features a prevention of violence against womer
934. Women’s Coalition for Peace. for Peace. Colombo. October 1"
This statement calls for peace negotiat party mediation by the Women's Co. women's group in Sri Lanka, attempti The group comprises women of all p working towards a durable solution f level of violence against Women throu
935. Weerakoon, Bradman and T Deepika. Internal Displacement on Refugee and Migratory Move
This is an attempt to review the no framework related to the internally

C) is a non-political NGO that serves onflict in the Moneragala district that Vehili hini Women’s Circle (VWC) the hemes and provides housing for Women ir male members as a result of the civil in pre-school teaching, poultry farming, non-traditional skills such as pesticide egrated farming are conducted by VWC. cluded in this report.
'?'. The Sunday Times. 28 November
aign against gender-based violence viz.,
Gender Violence, on the International
Against Women and Human Rights. ledge that the wearer does not condone ed to community intervention to prevent organised 16 Days of Activism to create he districts with activities of discussion places as well as mass rallies involving column on "What Men can do' in the
l.
Statement from the Women's Coalition 998. 1 P.
ions to the ethnic problem through third alition for Peace, a non-governmental ng to seek redress to the ethnic conflict. olitical, ethnic and social communities or the ethnic issue as observed by the gh armed conflict.
ilakaratne, Bernard and Udagama, P74-80.; biblio. Regional Consultation ment, Colombo, 25-27 September 1995.
rmative, institutional and operational displaced population in Sri Lanka, at
65

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national and international levels. The p local and international NGOs with the i needs of the internally displaced wom sexual violence and health problems
problem of internal displacement is coi pertinent that a legal framework is muc mechanism needed to provide the guid
936. "When abortion is illegal it Basanayake. Options. Vol. 34, 2
This is an interview with the director Sri Lanka (FPASL) on the debate of p1 the recent draft Women's Rights Bill Affairs concerned with women's rep comprehensive provision relating to th under unhygienic conditions by underoften lead to severe health complicat Moreover, in a traditional Society the family support and face the risk of threatening. Dr. Basnayake and t liberalized, so as to provide a bett pregnancies.
937. Wickremasinghe, Kamala. S Regional Conference on Traffick 1998. Tokyo, Asian Women's F
Sri Lanka has encountered a problem for forced prostitution. Furthermore, areas to the civil war regions where
deals with the SAARC Convention A relation to the Penal Code and Wome
938. Wijetileka, Kamalini et al Women s Experiences and Poli 2000. 172p. (CENWOR Study,
This study investigates the nature of s and examines the implications of:

paper, while acknowledging the work of nternally displaced, refers to the special hen and children who are vulnerable to in transit and resettlement. Since the mmon to all South Asian Countries, it is h needed for refugee care and a regional ing principles.
is uns afe " : Interview with Sriani 2nd Issue. 2004.
of the Family Planning Association of o-life versus abortion, in the context of prepared by the Ministry of Women's roductive rights. In the absence of a he issue, illegal abortions are performed -qualified/unqualified personnel, which ions of the woman and death at times. victims of rape or incest loose all their illegal abortion which is often life he FPASL urge that laws should be er option for Women with unwanted
ri Lanka Country Report. P 113-114. cing in Women, Bangkok, 3-4 November und, February 1999.
of trafficking women from rural areas this practice is spreading into "border troop movement is evident. This paper Against Trafficking and Prostitution in n's Charter in Sri Lanka.
. Sexual harassment in Sri Lanka cy implications. Colombo, CENWOR. Series No.19).
exual harassment in Sri Lankan society
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Policy interventions;
Legal reforms and law enforcem Administrative, institutional and Creation of support services for v action to create public awarenes:
In this context, CENWOR convenec personnel from the state and private se initiatives taken by their respective orga in workplaces and in public. These ini public transport, educational booklets f counselling for school children and a s universities to act on cases of sexual har sector had emphasised on the formula harassment and action against repc recommend that:
O Labour laws be amended to inclu of industrial disputes and mis o The private sector should confo harassment in workplaces, and ( of its implications on productivit They should also work in collabo to address the reported cases; O Create an awareness among the them to take adequate action aga O Public consciousness be raised, i transport where sexual harassme
939. Wijetilleka, Kamalini. Viole decade. P. 290-308; ref. Face 1986-1995. Colombo, CENWOR
The state policy on women is reflecte Lanka based on the CEDAW as "...affirl women.' This paper reviews the sta prevention of gender-related violence National Police Desk on Child Abus established in 1993 and is managed by \ in counselling abused women and child (WIN), Women Lawyers' Associatic Women's Development Centre (WDC) |
3.

ent;
organisational action; fictims, eg: trauma counselling, media
S.
two focus groups comprising key tors where the participants shared the nisations to address sexual harassment tiatives included poster campaigns in Dr Schools, awareness programmes and )ecial committee for undergraduates at assment. Certain sections of the private tion of a labour policy against sexual orted cases. The discussion groups
de sexual harassment within the issues conduct;
m to a common policy against sexual ducate the human resource personnel y and to take action on reported cases. ration with institutions and trade unions
law enforcement authorities enabling inst Sexual harassment; n particular to the authorities of public :nt is a major issue.
'nce against women : Review of a ts of Change : Women in Sri Lanka
1995.
d through the Women's Charter of Sri ning the prevention of violence against te initiatives and NGO activities on during the period 1986 to 1995. The e and Violence Against Women was vomen police personnel who are trained ren. NGOs such as the Women. In Need n, Voice of Women, CENWOR and )ffer free legal aid and legal counselling
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for victims of gender-based violenc Association has launched legal literacy of simple, illustrated booklets on fami and property rights of women while ( and broadcasting media for advocacy, reforms on gender-related crimes. I groups have been lobbying the policy counter gender crimes.
940. Women and Media Collective.
22 March 2001. 23p.
This draft, prepared by a women's Nt a social evil that cuts across all level provision for domestic violence in the obligation to eliminate gender-based on the Elimination of Violence Agair Charter (Sri Lanka), the draft aims to
• Protect victims of family violen Empower the courts to grant pr
O Guarantee that the laws of Sri I
rights standards.
The proposed act encompasses physica abuse faced by women in the famil monetary relief to the victims.
941. Women and Media Collective bulbs. Colombo. 5 May 1998. ,
A protest by women's NGOs in Sri La advertising. This letter to the adverti portrayal of women's sexuality in mai a high proportion of consumers are wo on the issue of gender, this letter in developed to campaign against the use to market products.
942. Women and Media Collectiv
Colombo. March 2002.
3

e. In particular, the Women Lawyers' programmes for women through a series ly violence, gender crimes, employment ENWOR has mobilised the telecasting awareness-raising and lobbying for legal this context, several women's action makers on the need for legal reforms to
Domestic Violence Act: Draft. Colombo.
3O recognises that domestic violence is s of Sri Lankan society and there is no Penal Code. In keeping with the country's violence through CEDAW, Declaration st Women (DEVAW) and the Women's
ce legally; otection orders; lanka comply with international human
l, verbal and emotional forms of domestic y and helps in providing "emergency
et al. Advertisement for Philips light 2p. [Unpublished).
nka, on negative portrayal of women in sers of electric bulbs is critical on the nstream newspapers in Sri Lanka, where men. In view of the growing sensitivity licates that a women's lobby has been of sexist and negative images of women
e et al. Draft Domestic Violence Act.
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Page 385
An initiative of the women's organisa violence, this draft aims to provide rer court to grant protection and to ensure international obligations to protect won the term 'domestic violence' in variou the court to grant a Protection Order i
943. Women's organisation calls foi
7 June 2001.
Women and Media Collective, a won violence Act as there is no specific lav family violence. Based on the exper violence, the proposed act enables magistrate and obtain an interim pro facilitates a third party - friend, social w to make an application on behalf of active police intervention to handle the despite a court order.
944. Sri Lanka . Women affected by w
In conflict situations where the mech women are often vulnerable to sexual e by ICRC reveal women as a special gr of a prolonged conflict. Abiding by the i law with special focus on women, the women in displacement and those livir Further, medical assistance is rendered medical teams. Family reunion is yet a women are the major clients lodging members.
945. Upheaval. Produced by Sumath
18 min.; col.
This short film is based on a theme of the backdrop of a 'natural disaster.
Tsumani, the tidal wave, which devastal
many lives on 26 December 2004.
3.

ions working on the issue of domestic nedies for the affected, to empower the hat the law complies with the country's hen against violence. While interpreting s contexts, the proposed Act empowers n the interest of victims of violence.
Domestic Violence Act. The Island.
en's NGO is lobbying for a domestic v in Sri Lanka to deal with the issue of ience of several victims of domestic he victim to gain direct access to a tection order. The proposed law also "orker, medical officer or an organisation he victim. The new act also provides perpetrator if he creates family violence
'ar. p... ICRC Newsletter. 15 July 2002.
anism of law and order breaks down, xploitation and rape. Studies conducted oup of people vulnerable to the effects international human rights/humanitarian 2 organisation provides basic needs to ng under war conditions in their homes. | by means of health clinics and mobile another task of the organisation, where complaints on "disappeared family
Sivamohan. Colombo). March 2005.
atrocities in a post-war society, against In the war-torn East of Sri Lanka, a
ed the coastal areas of Sri Lanka and claimed
59

Page 386
motheris caught between Warring partie only daughter, during which time the Gc film supported by GTZ and sub-titled i war-widow who believes that the sea i land, but little faith in the movement v
946. Voice of Women. P... . Women's
Network of Women in Politics, Go September 2004. (Source - ht accessed on 12 January 2005).
Voice of Women is a non-profit, nonthe first alternative women's group in feminism. The organization monitors m abuse, sexual harassment and domes newsietter as a means of consciousne: involved in combatting violence agains
947. Welcome opening for raising C Sub-Committee on Gender Issu
A state initiative to recognise the proble conflict, a Sub-Committee on Gende all communities affected by the war, di of the peace talks. In an attempt to fo conflict society SGI formulates genderg and related mechanisms associated ir support to the Accelerated Resettlem the Fast-Track Resettlement Progra encourages the setting up of a centre fo the Sub-Committee on Immediate H (SIHRN).
948. Women In Need (WIN). Socia Domestic Violence Code I. Colo Source - ICES Archives on Vi
This refers to the provision of socia Domestic Violence Act that stipulates
3

S as she tries to retain possession of her Iddess of the Sea Waits in the wings. The in English, highlights the response of a s the 'Mother despite her ravaging the which claims to 'save the land.
Organizations. s.l., Asia Pacific Online vernance & Transformative Leadership.3 tp://WWW. Online Womenin politics.org;
governmental organization which was
Sri Lanka committed to the ideals of nedia reporting on rape, sexual/physical tic violence issues, in their monthly SS- raising for individuals/ institutions
St. W Olden.
Gender Issues. 22 March 2003. and es [SGI]. 8 March 2003. Daily News
'ms of women affected by the prolonged r Issues (SGI) represents women from rectly reporting to the plenary sessions bcus on the needs of women in a postguidelines for other women's committees the peace process. While lending its ent Programme for Jaffna District and mme for the District of Mannar, SGI frtraumatised women in Kilinochchi by umanitarian and Rehabilitation Needs
il service Provisions Ifor the proposed mbo. 29 January 1997. Unpublished). olence against Women).
l services in support of the proposed the following Services:
70

Page 387
Shelters;
Counselling;
Referral to social services; Medical care;
Legal assistance.
The domestic violence code supports facilities and counselling services whil education, job training, housing assi services. A 24-hour hotline service con is mandatory for state organisations an victims, in addition to counselling andle include victim support, as well as batte is made to realise the responsibility toy
949. Women In Need (WIN). Wh harassment at the Workplace. 2001. 10p.
This booklet is an awareness raising to workplaces, and myths and realities ir Penal Code of Sri Lanka (Amendment is a criminal offence, and its applicabilit guidelines to the victim of harassment. play in creating an environment that d
Break the Silence W
This is a brochure on gender-based vio can affect the individual. It relates to th abuse.
950. Women’s Bureau of Sri Lank for action : Let's safeguard 1 gender-based violence. Colomb
This is a handout on the programmes gender-based violence, relating to tho, Children's Desk of the Police Departn creating awareness among the public

children of victims through child care e providing the women with parenting stance and liaison with other related pliments the complaint services and it d NGOs to provide drop-in-centres for gal assistance. Counselling programmes :rer programmes where the perpetrator wards his action.
at you should know about Sexual Prp. Manori Witharana. Colombo.
ol on the issue of sexual harassment at volved in it. The booklet explains the ) Act No.22, where sexual harassment y to the Labour Tribunal. It also provides and the role that the management could iscourages sexual harassment.
IN Against Violence. Size. (8.5x3)x3.
lence against women and how violence le work of WIN in support of victims of
a. Violence against women . It's time he rights of women to protect from o, Ministry of Women's Affairs. 20...
of the state and police force to combat se of the Women's Bureau, Women and ment and their combined programmes — school children, police personnel and
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Page 388
community leaders. The pamphlete towards legal reforms, establishment c and raising public awareness on the is
951. Women's concerns and the ped International Women's Mission 17 October 2002. P. 40-44, no
Violence against women is a great conc the war-affected regions of Sri Lanka victims of armed conflict. The protract of their socio-economic background, i. and women heads of households. The between the Government of Sri Lanl Eelam (LTTE) has lead to a parallel groups causing confusion regarding law to gender violence. In response to obse incest and sexual harassment in public to address gender-related crimes, en support to victims of such violence. The
legal personnel and NGO workers fro USA.
952. Women's Development Centre
1996. Source - http://www.hiv.
WDC is a women's NGO committed women through awareness raising, g Located in Kandy, the organisation w crisis intervention for women victims o shelters. Active in consciousness-raisi involved in advocacy/lobbying for gen
953. Women’s Education & Res Gender Representation in the E
This book is a result of a consultative fo and programme producers to underst, representation in the electronic media. to the reporting of incidence of violen
3.

mphasises the national plan of action f crisis centres, creating support groups SUEC.
ce process : Recommendations of the to the North East of Sri Lanka 12" to 'es. Pravada. Vol.8, No. 4. 2002.
ern for the women's mission that visited where women are portrayed as passive ed war has affected women irrespective h particular war-widows, single women Vemorandum of Understanding (MoU) (a and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil system of authority between the two | enforcement, while giving low priority rvations made on rape, family violence, places, recommendations are provided force proper law and order and offer mission comprises activists, academics, m Sri Lanka, India, Malaysia, UK and
(WDC). (s.1), HIVOS Counterparts. ps.nl/; accessed on 8 January 2003
to improving the status of Sri Lankan roup support and action programmes. 'orks with the community network on f violence, through the establishment of ng on gender issues, the organisation is der-based law reforms.
earch Centre. Code of ethics for lectronic Media. Colombo. 20... 12p.
rum of media personnel, to help writers nd and exercise sensitivity to gender the guidelines call for special attention Ce against Women, in particular sexual
2

Page 389
assault. In cases of sexual assault
explanations that diminish individual victim. Further, unwanted sex-based c references and stereotyping generalis:
954. Women's groups slam Lankan
2001. P... Source - http://w accessed 21 Nov. 2002.
This news item quotes the action of hul in Sri Lanka to a ruling by the Sri La as an act of sadism. Contrary to inter five-member council declared that ". and salaciousness. Publication of any
amount to a promotion of sadism and S the news media for publishing anti-l commenting that "...convicted rapists
955. Women's Political Forum. V
Sri Lanka. Colombo, [2000).
The manifesto attempts to address gen women that affects women's lives it measures to prevent/combat the issue campaigns, legal reforms, free legal aic police training and sensitization of the sensitivity of the public transport aut Building partnership between the poli protection/shelter and counselling for gender violence. Though much progre; still face large amounts of discrim representation and by the legal syste. constitutional reforms - on the rights violence, where a woman should be breech of her fundamental rights, in
956. Women's Support Group IW Lines. February 2003. p.
The Women's Support Group (WSG): gays, bisexuals and transgendered W.
=عي

victims it is recommended to avoid responsibility and shift the blame to the lescriptions, demeaning/discriminatory ation are to be avoided.
press on Gay ruling. Colombo. 3 June W.W. indiangay club.com/new 17.htm ;
man rights activists and women's groups nka Press Council branding lesbianism national human rights, the ruling of the ... lesbianism itself is an act of sadism opinion against such activities does not alacity.” The groups further condemned esbian articles inciting the public and be set on them as punishment.”
iolence. P.6-7. Women's Manifesto :
der-issues, in particular violence against Sri Lanka. The booklet recommends of gender violence, in terms of publicity i and shelters for the victims of violence, judiciary to deal with cases, and increase horities in handling sexual harassment. ce force and women's NGOs to provide the victim is another strategy to counter SS has been made in recent years, women ination in the workforce, in political m. Therefore the Forum emphasises on of women to be free from all forms of able to seek police/legal help for any private or public,
WSG). Lesbian activism in Sri Lanka.
aims to provide peer support to lesbians, omen who face many a Social problem,
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Page 390
including gender violence. With a goal acceptance for sexual minorities, in pa the group promotes Women's Sexual : workshops on sexual health and HIV workers in the Central Province. To m March 2002, the group launched the "( violence against Women, specifically, Se) emotional blackmail and discrimination c a forum for the survivors of such vic many other women. WSG works to up networking with women's NGOs and the Penal Code system that criminalist
957. The World Bank Group. Wor
the health sector. Colombo. 15
421/SAR). Source - http://W September 2004).
Maternal and child health care services communities are being strengthened thr Development Project (HSDP) of the W allocated to the provincial councils and the maternal and child health program and service delivery to poor communit war-ridden parts of the country. The me across and within districts by addressi indicators among Vulnerable groups. Ir women are the major beneficiaries of
958. The World Bank Group. HIV development challenge : Sri La
Web. Worldbank.org/, accessed
In Sri Lanka, it is reported that the n almost equal to that of men. This in medical examination of women work online article discusses the state res diseases and the participation of di organisations in the HIV/AIDS preve report provides recommendations on d

of winning legal recognition and social rticular those infected with HIV/AIDS, and reproductive rights by sponsoring /AIDS awareness for women factory hark the International Women's Day in clothesline Project' a public protest on {ual violence, incest, child abuse, battery, of sexual minorities. This project provides olence to share their experiences with hold the rights of sexual minorities by human rights groups to lobby to repeal >S homosexuality in Sri Lanka.
ld Bank to help Sri Lanka strengthen June 2004. 2p. (News Release No.2004/ eb. Worldbank.org/ ; accessed on 17
for war-affected, poor and undeserved ough the assistance of the Health Sector 'orld Bank. The first component will be | district health authorities to strengthen . It will focus on preventive health care ies and underserved areas, including the 'dium-term goal is to reduce inequalities ng higher maternal and child mortality ternally displaced and under privileged this programme.
//AIDS in South Asia . A human and inka. s.l. 20.... 3p. Source - http:// on 11 September 2002).).
umber of women infected with HIV is formation was discovered through the :ers migrating to other countries. This ponse to control sexually transmitted onor agencies and community-based ntion programmes in the country. This esigning, implementing and monitoring
74

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the prevention programmes that focus Vulnerable communities.
959. World University Service of Can s.l., HIVOS Counterparts. 19 accessed on 18 January 2003)
A high proportion of Women from t experienced the atrocities of war, r the loss of their male family members. by WUSC, targets women as priori have emerged as heads of househc through Education and Training (PRET programme for war widows and wor most disadvantaged among the war-a partners including state ministries, community-based organisations and women to seek self-employment eithe in the war ridden areas.
960. Zonta International. Sri Lar www.zonta.org/, accessed on 1
A press briefing on the activities of th In Need (WIN) to raise awareness o Lanka. This project attempts to create and the police authority to recognise do but as a social issue. WIN is a non-p NGO addressing violence against wo issue through community intervention
See also Citation Nos. 687, 966, 1005 & 1022。

on health promotion interventions in
ada [WUSCI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Ip. 97). Source - http://www.hivos.nl/;
he North and East of Sri Lanka have anging from forced displacement to This training programme implemented ty groups, in particular women who lds. The Project for Rehabilitation ) is an integrated vocational training men heads of households who are the fflicted. WUSC works with a range of private training institutions, NGOs, consultants enabling the war-affected r alone or as women's societies/groups
ka. P. s.l. 2001. Source - http:// 2 May 2002.
he Zonta Club of Colombo and Women n domestic and family violence in Sri : consciousness among school children mestic abuse not as a "private problem', rofit making organisation and the only men in Sri Lanka, aiming to address the and support.
976, 979,980, 982-86,993, 1002,
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Page 392
2.0 Collective Actions and F
961. Action to stop forced marriages.
September 2000.
According to reports, at least 1,000
Pakistan, Bangladesh and India are se marriage without their consent. The Ho that forced marriages be treated as i abuse. Drafted by a working group i voluntary organisations and victims of "A Choice by Right" reveals action rights of women. The plan includes:
Support to women victims abro; Access to High Commissions in Co-operation with international
962. Advisory Council of Intern Complaints with Norms : Hono Women : Legal developments. T
Legal aspects of the problem of viole recognition of women's human rights relates to "honour crimes committed by Ms. Asma Jahangir the UN Special and Arbitrary Executions. Deep-rqote honour crimes take a variety of fo stigmatisation) to torture (acid-throwii Government to:
o Condemn honour crimes at the U and prevent them through appro o Traditional forms of violence su forced marriage, and psycholo confinement; isolation) to be in against women” in the UN resol
963. Asian Women's Human Righ of Women : The public hearing. [Source - ICES Archives on Vic
3.

esponses by SAARC Nations
2 II. WILUMIL Newsheet. Vol.XII, No.3.
foung women, mostly teenagers from nt to the United Kingdom to enter into me Office of Great Britain recommends ncidents of family violence and child n consultation with ethnic minorities, forced marriages, the document entitled plans based on the fundamental human
ud;
their respective countries; police for crime-detection.
ational Affairs (AIV). Monito ring our crimes. P 10-12. Violence against he Hague. February 2001.
ince against women and the universal are stated in this report. This section against women and girls, as reported Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary d in traditional societies of South Asia rms, ranging from Suicide (due to ng, whip lashing). AIV urges the Dutch
N General Assembly, adopt a resolution priate legal instruments; ch as widow burning, child marriage, gical violence (threats, verbal abuse, cluded in the definition of 'violence ution for prevention and elimination.
ts Council (AWHRC). In the Court Quezon City (The Philippines). 19... lence Against Women).
6

Page 393
This brochure highlights the public hea Pakistan and India where women who come out in the open, named the crim Women's Voice held a forum for the ( doubly marginalized as a result of thei violence ranging from wife abuse to Vimochana , another hearing was helt social and economic policies. Simrogh organised a public hearing on “pers women related their experiences of dol traditional and cultural practices. Du Population and Development (ICPD), U where women brought out experiences and coerced family planning.
964. Butalia, Urvashi. Forging a
30 September 1995.
This news article highlights the Bei empowerment, with special referenc UNDP Human Development Report, i national income of women, life expect as against their GDI (Gender-integratec status of women and girl-children of Sc use of contraception, school enrolme tabulated here.
965. Call for efforts to end violence a,
22 June 2004.
A news report on SAARC Autonomous Personalities (SWAG) with an agenda ( in the region, improve their economic c facilities. The forum discusses issues South Asia, and is prepared to adopt aj SAARC.
o Oppressed castes.
International Conference on Populatic 1994.
92

irings held by AWHRC in South Asia
had experienced gender violence had es and demanded reparation. In India, crimes against 'Dalit women who are r gender and caste oppression and face community rape. In partnership with d for women victimised as a result of Women's Collectives in Pakistan had onal' violence against Women where mestic abuse and violence imposed by ring the 'International Conference on Jbinig conducted a forum in Bangladesh of violence due to population policies
New Agenda. P. 78-80. India Today.
jing Platform of Action on women's e to South Asia. Abstracted from the t is a table on gender disparities in the ancy and literacy in SAARC countries, | Development Index). The comparative uth Asia in terms of maternal mortality, nt and economical activities are also
gainst South Asian women. PakTribune.
s Advocacy Group of Prominent Women faction to end violence against women onditions and provide better educational and challenges confronting women in |oint plan of action for member states of
in and Development, Cairo, 5-13 September
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966. CATW. Asia Pacific. Traffick Asia Pacific. Metro Manila. 19
This is a review of the issue of traffic on forced prostitution in Asia and th Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sri Lan the sex industry are exploited through Despite the UN ratified Conventi Discriminations Against Women (Cl sanctions treat this issue as lower prior bias in their societies.
967. Centre for Reproductive La Abortion Laws. 2000. New Yor
This poster illustrates the varying degr laws. 62% of the countries permit indu without any restrictions. Of the SAARC on socio-economic grounds and to sa permitted to save the mother's life Maldives. In the rest of the SAARC c only as a "life-saving device' for t recognise abortion as a remedy for v when there is a high degree of foetal i
968. Centre for Reproductive Rig policies affecting their Reproduc 242p.; notes; tables.
This volume examines the laws and p Lanka, India, Nepal, Bangladesh and women's reproductive rights in interna women have some of the world's h maternal deaths, unsafe abortions, chi as well as high incidence of HIV/AID provide for issues pertaining to violenc and rights. This report provides the fo promote women's reproductive health
O Initiate legislation/policy measur and practices that prevent women

ing in Women and Prostitution in the 96. 60p.; ref.
king of women and children primarily e Pacific regions, with statistics from ka. Trafficked victims besides serving forced servitude and forced marriage. on on Elimination of all forms of 3DAW), most governments and legal ity, as a result of the deep-rooted gender
w and Policy (CRLP). The World's K. 2000. Size. 25" x 22". ;col.
ees of restriction on the world's abortion lced abortion for a variety of reasons or nations, India permits induced abortion ve the mother's health/life. Abortion is or for health reasons in Pakistan and countries, abortion could be performed he mother. However, most countries ictims of rape and incest and in cases mpairment.
hts. Women of the World . Laws and tive Lives. South Asia. New York. 2004.
olicies that discriminate women in Sri | Pakistan whose governments uphold tional agreements. Though South Asian ighest rates of unplanned pregnancy, ld marriage and gender-based violence, S, their national laws do not adequately related to women's reproductive health )llowing recommendations, in order to /rights in South Asia:
esto end gender discriminatory CuStOImS from surviving pregnancy and childbirth;
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Page 395
o Create an environment for free ab and access to safe, affordable ab
O Launch family planning progral groups of women — the un marrie Initiate legal reforms to protect Strict enforcement of laws that children.
969. CIMEL (Centre for Islamic & (The International Centre fa Rights). Asia/South Asia. P32. of honour. London. August 2000
This part of the bibliography provides 1 by family members, the community and victims are in a variety of forms - f murder, torture, isolation, physical/v Stigmatization. Annotations are providec in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh wher and patriarchal norms with little or n Aiming to assist those working to comb and the development of strategies of 1
works with case summaries from Ban developed nations where honour'cr population.
970. Coalition against Trafficking Government responses and Le Women and prostitution in the A
In South Asian Countries where the tra prevalent, state police are part of the se the issue because of the traditional gen This part of the report refers to situati the governments do not show much survivors, though they have ratified CE is a crime against Women.
971. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. Ada and India on the issue of Traffic

bortion as women's reproductive rights, bortion services; mmes to meet the needs of Vulnerable 2d, adolescents and refugees; women from HIV/AIDS infections; criminalise trafficking of women and
Middle Law) and INTERIGHTS or the Legal Protection of Human -40. Preliminary Bibliography : Crimes ), 57p.
iterature on honour' crimes perpetrated i the state. Violence suffered by women orced marriage, widow mistreatment, erbal abuse and suicide as a result of i on literature relating to honour crimes e women are bound by family traditions o power to make their own decisions. pat crimes of honour' through research esponse, the volume carries published gladesh, Pakistan, India and also from imes are reported among the migrant
in Women CATW - Asia Pacific. gal sanctions. P52-56. Trafficking in sia Pacific. Metro Manila. 1996.
ufficking of women and prostitution are X nexus and governments tend to ignore der bias against Women in prostitution. ons in Bangladesh and Pakistan where
concern towards trafficked victims/ DAW according to which sex trafficking
endum : Mission to Bangladesh, Nepal king of Women and Girls (28 October
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15 November 2000). P... Integri the gender perspective : Violer Special Rapporteur on Violer consequences. Ms. Radhika CC Commission on Human Rights
40p.; append. (E/CN.4/2001/73
This report discusses the outcome o Rapporteur to South Asia, to address children for forced prostitution and provides recommendations at the regi adopt to combat trafficking of women based on a regional Survey and an infor in South Asia should enter into a conv
O Follow the guidelines of the Pr.
Traffickers;
O Create monitoring mechanisms Establish a regional inter-goverr and children's ministries in the
O Inter-regional police task force
972. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. B against Women : The (UN) Com s.l., 19... Source - ICES Arch
Presented by the UN Special Rappor paper highlights areas for future actic Division for the Advancement of Wome activities to combat gender-based viole co-operation against trafficking of wi perpetrated against them in South Asia a Special Ambassador to report on c health hazards to women and girls. Th CEDAW Committee and the UN syste and impact Studies made on violence in creating guidelines for a regional co
WOe.
973. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. expenditure. P11. Integration oft perspective: Violence against won
3

ation of the human rights of women and Ice against women: Report of the (UN) ce Against Women, its causes and omaraswamy, in accordance with (UN) Resolution 2000/45. 6 February 2001. /Add.3).
f the field mission of the UN Special the issue of trafficking in women and other slave-like practices. The report onal level that the SAARC states could and children. The recommendations are mation database on trafficking. Countries ention against trafficking, and :
otocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish
to support the rescued victims; mental task force linked to the women's respective countries; to deal with the agents of trafficking.
riefing Paper. 7p. Panel on Violence mission on the Status of Women (CSW). nives on Violence Against Women).
teur on Violence Against Women, this on of the CSW and the United Nations in in relation to regional and international 2nce. Calling for more effective regional omen and harmful traditional practices l, the paper requests the appointment of ountry-wise cultural practices causing he Rapporteur also appeals to the CSW, em to set up a database on the statistics against Women. This resource is useful |-operation to eradicate violence against
Policies to reduce Government he human rights of women and the gender nen: Report of the (UN) Special Rapporteur
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on Violence Against Women, its c Coomaraswamy, submitted in accC resolution 1994/44 : Addendum implication on violence against wom CN.4/2000/68/Add.5).
This report provides recommendations international levels, as policies impo expenditure have drastic effects on wo the health sector has lead to the lack of the case of rural poor women. Health
Bangladesh by World Health Organiz and maternal deaths are significantly hi relevance to maternal deaths during complications leading to the deterioral
974. Coomaraswamy, Radhika. F
Convention on Prevention and Children for Prostitution, subn Rapporteur on Violence Against Archives on Violence Against W
This paper draws attention to the infl rights laws to combat human traffickin; aspects of the draft convention conflict measures to prevent and eradicate traffi protection of women and children. T that the definition of trafficking shoul and forced marriage. The paper also rec of trafficked victims, their voluntary r
975. Coomaraswamy, Radhika and
Crossing borders in an era of gll & Violence", Hambantota, 11-4 J
This paper evaluates the protection ic women victims/survivors of trafficking i from traffickers are kept in these hom like atmosphere with poor sanitary con
Forthcoming as "Gelder & Violence, p
3.

auses and consequences, Ms. Radhika rdance with Human Rights Commission
: Economic and social policy and its hen. (Geneva). 24 February 2000. (E/
towards policy reforms at national and )sed by state governments to reduce men's health and lives. Cost-cutting of access to health services, especially in surveys conducted in India, Nepal and ation (WHO) indicate that birth rates gh. Evidently, state policies have direct g child-birth, and pregnancy-related tion in women's reproductive health.
Position paper on the draft SAARC Combatting Trafficking in Women and nitted by the United Nations Special Women. s.l., 19... 8p. Source- ICES Women.
uence of existing international human g across borders. Concerned that certain is with the laws, the paper recommends cking, emphasising the need for Special he UN Rapporteur further emphasises d encompass non-sexual forced labour :ommends assistance for and protection epatriation and reintegration.
Satkunanathan, Ambika. ”Trafficking obalisation. 20p. notes, biblio. "Gender uly 2005. Unpublished).
leology in the shelter homes set up for in South Asia. Evidently, women rescued es "for their own protection', in a jailditions and little activities, as such that
published by ICES, Colombo.
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they become forgotten women'. Thei on end, with hardly any communica Moreover, traffickers receive lesse community on much earlier dates thal sex workers want to be rescued, since worse than in the brothels. This paper c context, urging that new law and o trafficking and sexual exploitation.
976. The Dhaka Declaration for El South Asia : Adopted at the R Advocacy for the Prevention of 18- 19 March 2003, Dhaka, Ban
Source - http://cst. kathmandu 2003.
Parliamentarians from Bangladesh, Bł Sri Lanka and Iran have called for act in South Asia, through education, leg enhance the role/status of commu parliamentarians have committed to gi
O Raising public awareness on Wor women as a basic aspect of dev O Enact and enforce legislatic
identify gaps in the laws, to b enforcement;
() Strengthening support services f
of research and information; Regional cooperation in terms
combat cross-border violence ie. and prostitution, and to develop borders.
977. The Dhaka Declaration . Regio
against Sexual Exploitation", M. Hughes. s.l. (Source - ICES
The Coalition Against Trafficking in W against sexual exploitation in the Asi South/East Asia and North America, w and the prevention of trafficking of wo The conference declares that:
3

r case dates and repatriation take years tion with the authorities concerned. r penalty and are released into the n scheduled. It is noteworthy, that few they feel that life in shelter homes are oncerns issues of trafficking in a global rder measures are needed to combat
iminating Violence Against Women in egional Workshop on Parliamentary Violence Against Women in South Asia, gladesh. 2p. Kathmandu, UNFPA et al. unfpa.org; accessed on 15 December
nutan, India, Maldives Nepal, Pakistan, ion to prevent violence against women al reform, policies and programmes to inity women. In this workshop the ve priority to the following actions:
men's human rights and violation against 'elopment, peace and progreSS;
in and formation of committees to ring in legal reforms and monitor law
or victims of violence, as well as sharing
of laws, policies and programmes to , trafficking of women for forced labour a process to monitor the situation across
onal Asian Conference on "Organising Dhaka, 26-29 June 1998. Prp. Donna SArchives on Violence Against Women).
omen (CATW) sponsored this conference an region drawing in participants from orking on human rights, women's rights men and children for forced prostitution.
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o Sexual exploitation is a violation
o Sex work is detrimental to womer and results in gender oppression
o Trafficking and prostitution can deprive women's control over the dignity.
The Declaration emphasises the role of and women refugees who are vulnerab misuse of modern technology to pi pornographic web sites in the Internet.
O State policy and legal reforms
prostitution; Repealing of religious laws that NGOs to actively participate in
978. Falguni, Audity. South Asian symbolism. 2p. s.l., PeaceWom WWW.youandaids.org/Media Repc
The South Asian Court of Women on AIDS seeks to evolve a framework to a and empowerment, while helping wom governments to make appropriate transf rights in order to ensure that there are of women victims of trafficking and H held on different forms of gender vio reproductive technologies, traffick discriminations, indigenous Women, lanc The court though not powerful enou; serves as a mark of protest against vio in Bangladesh, the court was adjournet Human Rights Council (AWHRC), mec Bangladesh and Pakistan. Recordings v survivors and women's experiences -
brothels of Pakistan. At these Sessions religious fundamentalism on women in
979. Forum for Women, Law and
leaflet on SAARC Conventi
Trafficking in Women and Ch August 2002. 15p.

of fundamental human rights;
's health, serves as a vehicle for racism
never be considered as work, as they r bodies, and is a degradation of human
the state in protecting migrant Women ble to sexual exploitation and also the omote sexual exploitation through
Recommendations are provided on:
against sex trafficking and forced
relate to gender discrimination; government efforts.
Court of Women : More than just en. 13 August 2003. Source - http:// rts/2003; accessed on 16 January 2004).
the Violence of Trafficking & HIV/ rticulate gender justice, women's rights en campaigners to call upon States and ormations on Socio-economic and legal no further deteriorations of the rights IV/AIDS. Seventeen courts have been lence - war crimes, caste oppression, ing, Sex tourism, legal Status and l rights, racism and economic blockades. gh to pass and execute any sentence, lence against women worldwide. Held i in the presence of the Asian Women's lia personnel and women activists from vere made on testimonies from victims/ those trafficked from Bangladesh into , attention was drawn to the impact of
South Asia.
| Development (FWLD). Advocacy On on Preventing and Combating ildren for Prostitution. Kathmandu.

Page 400
An online leaflet relating to advocacy women and children across South Asi and Sri Lanka serve as countries whe Pakistan are those of transit and destin a regional commitment that includes str establishment of a regional task force mechanism to care, treat and rehabili draws in the limitations to the Conven need for ratification.
980. Foundation for Universal Res
Management and Peace (WISCO WWW, furhhdl.org/peacemain.ht
WISCOMP is a regional project to p areas of peace and security and to pr their skills for non-violent peace nego participation of Women in negotiations : that security and conflict management gender sensitive approach. This broch sponsored by WISCOMP - from aca symposiums, Workshops and discussic in non-governmental institutions to ex Asia in the learning of the peace proces for networking and peace-building ha Nagaland (India).
981. Glassman, Nicole and Strydo Conference on Trafficking in W Asian Experts from India, Pak American University, 30 Septemb
edu/traccC/events/reports; acces
The 'summary highlights the efforts o eliminate the trafficking of women and to the crime. While relating to the prostitution and labour in the region, made by NGOs and action networks in to prevent human trafficking.
' Conference on "Trafficking in W
30 September 1998.

work to address the issue of trafficking Lin Countries, where Nepal, Bangladesh e the crime originates, while India and ation for the victims. The Convention is ategies to combat the crime, in particular , legal aid to punish the offenders and late victims/survivors. The leaflet also tion, how it could be improved and the
ponsibility. Women in Security Conflict MP). New Delhi. 20.... (Source - http:// m; accessed on 15 December 2004.
romote leadership of Asian women in Ovide training programmes to develop otiations. While encouraging increased und networking, the project believes should be more people-oriented with a nure provides a variety of programmes demic research and media projects to in forums that bring together women change ideas and experiences in South S. Successful programmes on strategies ve been implemented in Sri Lanka and
m, Marie. Conference Summary. 2p. A omen and Children with Leading South istan, Bangladesh and Nepal held at
er 1998. Source – http://www.american. ised on 12 January 2003)
findividual NGOs and action groups to girls in South Asia, and their limitations prevalence of trafficking for forced the speakers emphasise on the efforts India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal
omen and Children”, Washington D. C.,
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982. Goonesekera, Savitri. Policy
P 12- 17. notes. Seventh SAA October 1998.
This paper concerns planning of fam with regards to aspects of family violen There are no separate laws outside C violence. Illustrated with examples of to the recent creation of a Penal Co. paper calls for a strengthening of fai and criminal provisions, in order to a family.
983. Hayward, Ruth Finney. Using
women and girls. P.273-325, Lessons from South Asia to e Kathmandu, UNICEF. 2000.
In South Asia, since the colonial perio harmful traditional practices, and gend harassment and acid-throw. Measures sensitive training for police and judici human rights, women's movement awareness/education and legal advoca violence. However, the effective use o still remains a major issue, due to the women victims face great risks in see Domestic violence is not recognised and Sri Lanka treat marital rape
circumstances of legal separation betw how laws could be used to combat d violence in particular, and harmful tra seek redress as provided by the respe are provided to criminal, civil and cons mechanisms through which remedies
Building movements to sto South Asia. P.329-359, note
The author explores gendered activ women's movements against gender

'lanning for the family in South Asia. RCLAW Conference, Colombo, 24-25
ily policies in South Asian countries, ce, in particular, marital rape and incest. f the criminal code to address family hild-wives in South Asia, and referring le offence on incest in Sri Lanka, the nily law by integrating constitutional didress violence against Women in the
the legal system to end violence against otes. Breaking the Earthenware Jar : nd violence against Women and girls.
d, laws have been introduced to prevent er-based abuses, including incest, sexual such as separate cells for women, gender lary, national commissions for women's s, gendered activism to create legal cy are being employed to combat gender f the legal system to end gender violence many socio-cultural deterrents, where king a legal remedy to end the violence. is a crime in South Asia, although India as a punishable offence only under seen the spouses. This chapter highlights )mestic/family violence, dowry-related litional practices where the victim could tive criminal codes. Recommendations titutional remedies, as well as alternative could be sought.
violence against women and girls in
S.
sm in South Asia, as demonstrated by based violence. Despite the patriarchal
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nature within the region, women's po reinforced the activities of women's r in combating violence against wome religio-cultural practices. In Bangld movement operates through women', playing a positive role in bringing refo violence - incest and Sexual harassmen movement has identified gender viole rights and hindrance to development. Meeting has recommended the follow
o Lobby for reforms on gendel enforcement of laws dealing wi O Building networks to strengthen
and across the region; o Effective interventions on
discrimination/bias; O Encourage women's socio-politi O Gender sensitisation at the level
984. International Labour Organiz Regional Tripartite Seminar on Work in Asia and the Pacific,
A seminar to plan effective action agai attended by member countries of Sout Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The forum ol exchange experiences on positive acti in both formal and informal sectors ar practice. The goal was to identify foll workplace, at national and internationa perspectives on the scope and definit provisions, as well as policy and Wor resolution was passed by government
at work place needed to be addressed the issue. It was agreed that the mem guidance on the subject - different valu comprehensive standards could be framework for specific legislation agai
95 UNICEF Regional Meeting on Wome
October 1997.

litical participation has in some ways, hovement towards socio-legal reforms n, in particular, those stemming from sh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and India, the non-governmental and state bodies, ms to the Penal Code relating to sexual t, as punishable offences. The women's nce as a violation of women's human in this context, the 'UNICEF Regional
ng:
discriminatory laws and effective h gender issues;
women's activism within the country
societal attitudes towards gender
cal participation at grass root levels;
of policy planning.
ation (ILO). Report on the ILO/Japan Action against Sexual Harassment at Penang, 2-4 October 2001. 61 p.
nst Sexual harassment at the workplace, h Asia viz., Bangladesh, India, Nepal, ganised by ILO aims to stimulate and on against Sexual harassment at Work, ld to strengthen initiatives against this DW-up action that could be taken at the l levels. Participants presented various ion of the problem, available judicial kplace measures to combat the act. A representatives that sexual harassment seriously, and efforts made to combat per countries need more exposure and es, cultures and social attitudes sothat et to form a national policy, as the nst sexual harassment in the workplace.
h's Movements in South Asia, Kathmandu,

Page 403
985. International Labour Organiz Programme to Combat Traffi Employment in Bangladesh, Nel No. RAS/00/05P/010). 5p.
This is an ILO-IPEC strategy progran child in South Asia and their commerci of the sub-programmes are:
Ways of improving the national Prevention, protection and rehab Research and documentation of Advocacy for Sub-regional coop
This paper probes the various sub-pro; act nationally and regionally.
986. International Planned Parenth violence : Asia. Ip. November 19 accessed on 10 January 2003).
This summary is a compilation of sourc related violence in South Asia. While violence and female foeticide in India quotes how 60 million women, mostly the tradition-bound practices of female health-related negligence of daughters
987. Johnston, Sarah et al. Traffick regional report. 19p. Regional M Labour and Slave-like Practice February 1997.
Trafficking and migrant labour of wo the laws are incapable of combating t of Sri Lanka, India, Nepal and Bang prevent trafficking women for prostitul are seldom enforced in these countric are rarely prevented, proving that the the problem. Recommendations provic

ation (ILO) South Asian Sub-Regional cking in Children for Exploitative pal and Sri Lanka. s.l., 2000. (Doc.
nme to combat trafficking of the girlal sexual exploitation. The components
capabilities to address the issue; bilitation of child victims; gender related violence; eration and joint action.
grammes applicable to each country to
ood Federation IPPF). Gender-based 998. Source - http://www.ippfwhir.org,
’es indicating the occurrence of gender
providing statistics on rape, domestic , Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, the report from South Asia are missing through infanticide, sex selective abortions and
in preference to sons.
ing in women in Asia and Pacific : A eeting on Trafficking in Women, Forced s in Asia and Pacific, Bangkok, 19-22
men in Asia is a prevalent offence, yet he crime. This paper analyses the case adesh, providing recommendations to ion and coerced labour. Evidently, laws is and even when they are, the crimes law is an impractical means of solving led are:
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• Women workers could be incluc in order to encourage them to ta O Improved legal migration proce
to employment abroad; O Providing assistance to enforce the needy and information abou O Expanding employment option cultural values that are gender (
988. Looking back... Looking for
Asian Women's Conference, Pravahini. Vol. 12, No.2. 1998.
This is the declaration of a regional violence and demanding gender equalit could relate their problems at a policy gender violence and discrimination. women of South Asia and participate recommend gender-related policies t strengthen the women's network in Sc
989. Maldives forward moving strat
Ministerial Meeting, Maldives, ICES Archives on Violence Aga
UNIFEM, SAARC Regional Office a Social Security of Maldives have join feasibility of recommended action stip forum addresses trafficking of wom examining the SAARC Convention in
rights. This apparently, requires maj 1999, as well as national/regional le forum discussed bilateral engagement of cooperation to combat trafficking. I stakeholders need to combat/prevent mechanisms/cells/secretariats. Anotl immigration and border police persor and the survivors/victims.
Fourth World Conference on Women,
3

ed in the national labour organisations, ke action against employers; dures from the stage of recruitment up
their legal rights, providing shelter for t the process of migration; S in the home country and addressing liscriminatory.
vard . Colombo Declaration : South Colombo, 27-30 April 1998. P.5-6.
conference rejecting gender-oriented y in political participation where women
making level to build a society free of This conference was organised for the d by women's NGOs in an attempt to o the state government, as well as to
uth Asia.
egies. Third Beijing Biennial Regional 26-27 September 2000. 3p. Source - inst Women).
nd the Ministry of Women's Affairs & ly organized this forum to evaluate the ulated by the 'Beijing Conference. The en and children as a prime issue, reorder to expand the definition of human or changes, supported by UNIFEM in vel for acceptance of the change. The s between countries, and possible areas t concluded that governments and other the crime and set up anti-trafficking ner important strategy is to train the nel on how to handle the perpetrators
Beijing, 4-15 September 1995.
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990. Manavi. Projects and services
http://WWW.WWW, manavi.org;
Manavi meaning primal woman' in San by a group of South Asians in the US Manavi supports projects to help wom issues of women's reproductive healt programme on midwifery conducted i access to reproductive health care. Foc the organisation runs women's shelter Nadu, India. Offering legal support provides access to legal assistance fo family violence.
991. Monitoring Country Activitic
Change. Vol. 10, No. 1. 2004.
Women's Health & Rights Advocacy
capacity building workshop on media: mass media in influencing national/re motherhood. The workshop involves i women with emphasis on safe mothe the South Asian region. Attended by N aims to enhance the capacity of organ strategies and challenges faced in mal partnership and preparing long-term,
women's reproductive heath.
992. National Commission for Wo Convention on Prevention and Children. New Delhi), 20.... accessed on 16 December 2003
Human trafficking, in particular wome great concern in South Asia. The ”Convention among SAARC nations Commission also acts as a co-ordinati such as coerced labour, forced prostitu
” SAARC Regional Convention on Prev & Children, 11“ SAARC Summit, Ka

. New Jersey). 2001. 3p. Source - |ccessed on 22 January 2002).
skrit, is a women's organisation founded A as a consciousness -raising group. 2n victims of domestic violence and on h in South Asia. In India, a training n West Bengal helps rural women gain using on domestic and family violence, s in Dhaka (Bangladesh) and in Tamil to victims, the Calcutta Legal Clinic r poor women affected by sexual and
's : South Asia. P6. ARROWS for
Partnership (WHRAP) has launched a advocacy, condoning the role played by gional policy agendas to promote safe issues on sexual/reproductive health of rhood and adolescent sexual health in sGO partners from the region the forum isations to engage in media advocacy - cing alliances, coordinated activities in result-oriented programmes to promote
men (NCWI). Diaft SAARC Regional Combating Trafficking in Women &
3p. Source- http://www.ncW.nic.in, 5.
n and children across borders has caused NCW has recommended the above to prevent trans-border trafficking. The ng body on crimes related to trafficking ion, sexual slavery and forced marriage.
ention and Combating Trafficking in Women hmandu, 5 January 2002.
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993. Ohashi, Masaaki. Civil soci, comparative observation of NG Lanka. 20p. Seminar on "Curren in South Asia", Delhi, 24 March
This paper is a study of South Asian N the attitude of governments and legal advantages and disadvantages of NGO from Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sr Sectors - rural development, poverty conflict, community violence etc. Ach on state action are acknowledged in th
994. Oxfam GB Nepal. Trafficking it statement of Oxfam GB in South a
Information on trafficking and forced pr roles of women in South Asia is provide labour market and its worldwide femin burden on women. Denial of women autonomy and mobility are the root caus and girl children, making them commoc and labour.
995. Pandit, Nirmala. International prohibit Trafficking in Persons: Meeting "Women & Legal Justic 2000. Tokyo, Asian Women's Fu
This section of the paper refers to the di trafficking women and children for Prepared by the member states of SAA from NGOs and UN Agencies that the purpose for trafficking women and chil as bonded labour, sexual Servitude anc the international legal framework of , and treaties, with special attention to t Rapporteur on Violence against Wom Rights.
3.

'ty organizations in South Asia . A Ds in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sri Situation in Civil Society Organisations 999.
GOs on a country-to-country basis, on ystems towards them. It evaluates the ederations/associations using examples Lanka and the difference in operating alleviation, gender violence, ethnic evements of NGOs and their influence is paper.
women as organised crime. Summary
Asia. Kathmandu. 26 October 2000. 4p.
ostitution in the context of the traditional d in this Summary. As such, a gendered isation result in an enhanced economic s rights in property inheritance, legal ses of crimes ofviolence against Women lities for trafficking, forced prostitution
and regional initiatives to prevent and Regional efforts : Asia. P84-86. Expert e", Hakone (Japan), 19-20 November ind. March 2001.
afting of a regional convention against prostitution in a sub-regional level. RC, this draft has received comments draft has cited prostitution as the only dren while ignoring others crimes such | forced marriage. This paper explores unti-trafficking laws, UN conventions he report submitted by the UN Special on to the UN Commission on Human

Page 407
996. Power and decision making :
South Asia . Empower women.
Source - http://ktmpost/2000;
"Women participation in governances despite the number of women political Development in South Asia Report. A commissions and bureaus remain unt plan polices and implement programm system is taking initiatives for the syst nominated women political representa change agents' in Social, legal, politi The report has pointed out the need fo commitment and action by the governm action identified are:
Equality under the law;
Equality of access to capacity b Equality of economic opportuni Equality in governance, in orde
Besides collective consciousness implementation of global and national need to be put in place for proper imp
997. President's Speech in the 11th SA, Session, Kathmandu, 5 January 200 eleventh-Saarc-Summit; accessed O
This is the keynote address of Hon Pakistan at the recent o*SAARC Sum action against the trafficking of wom labour and coerced marriage, across t Combating the Trafficking of Women of States during the Summit will help necessary measures for the fulfilmen vulnerable segments of society.
998. SAARC Convention on Preve Wonien and Children for Prosti
' 11" SAARC Summit, Kathmandu, 4-(

Women's participation is lowest in Kathmandu Post. 20 November 2000. accessed on 21 January 2003).
ructures is still the lowest in the world leaders' says the latest issue of Human ; the women's ministries, departments, ler-funded, they lack the resources to es for women’s emancipation. The UN 2matic capacity building of elected and tives, enabling them to play the role of cal and economic levels.
revolutionary strategies together with ents and civil society. Areas for priority
uilding; ties; - r to achieve gender equality.
-raising of the region for speedy I commitments, structures and finances lementation, says the report.
ARC Summit. SAARC Summit, Eleventh
2.2p. (Source-http://www.Saarctourism.org/ n 30 January 2003).
. Per viaz Musharaff, the President of mit refers specifically to the preventive en and children for forced prostitution, ne borders. The SAARC Convention on and Children, duly signed by the Heads he member countries of South Asia take of their obligations towards these two
ntion and Combatting Trafficking in tution : Draft. Regional Conference on
January 2002.
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Trafficking in Women, Bangkol Women's Fund. February 1999.
This Convention to be adopted in No Summit in Kathmandu, is to combat til the forced prostitution of women and aims to counter the issue on trafficki prostitution, forced marriage and force human rights.
999. SAARC People’s Forum. Ca
Children and Ensuring Food
Source - ICES Archives on Vi
A press release by the Forum emphasiz on Prevention and Combatting Tra Prostitution be "broadened' to include SAARC states ensure food security crime. The statement highlights the pre states and the role of women in nationa NGOs in the SAARC region, the For Standing Committee of the Tenth SAA to the Convention in the interest of the under international human rights stand
1000. SAARCNET. Situation of won
SAARC Summit, Colombo, 2
WWW. Saarc-sec.org ; accessed (
The Heads of Sates at the summit no face gender violence and discriminatio to offset gender-based violence. Con women and girls for sex work and countries have agreed to work closely rights NGOs in the region to previ recommend on :
o Draft Convention on Prevention
and Children for Prostitution as
O Feasibility of establishing a reg
victims trafficked;

(, 3-4 November 1998. Tokyo, Asian
vember 1999 at the Eleventh SAARC he widespread crimes of trafficking and children in South Asia. The convention ng and related practices such as forced | labour, with the framework of women's
ombatting Trafficking in Women and Security, Colombo, 27 July 1998. 3p. olence Against Women)
es that the proposed SAARC Convention fficking in Women and Children for various forms of the crime, and that the that is one of the major causes of the ventive measures adopted by individual ul development. Consisting of women's um also submits a memorandum to the RC Summit, on amendments proposed : victims who need support and security lards.
ten and girls. P... Declaration : Tenth 2 -31 July, 1998. Source - http:// on 20 June 2003.
te that women and girls in South Asia n and that sustained efforts are required demning the offence of trafficking of forced labour across the borders, the with women's organisations and human nt trafficking. The SAARC nations
and Combatting Trafficking in Women a vital tool to deal with the problem; ional fund for the rehabilitation of the
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o Scope of the Convention be broa O Establish a gender-disaggregate of national, regional policies an
It is expected that the Convention wou at the Eleventh SAARC Summit in thi
1001.Samarasinghe, Nandini. Gend ref. s.l., 9... Source - ICES A
This document relates to the status o gender discrimination and gender-rel individual countries portray that womi repressed and politically under-represe community and at the state-level. Le to promote women's participation in process are examined here. In this co movements and the need for campaig empowerment in the region.
1002. Sixteen Days Activism against Asia I. p. "Vienna, Cairo, Copen Rights Home”: International Cale 24 - 5 December 1995. Sourc kit()5/ profile.doc, accessed on 7
this web document concerns the Gl Gender based Violence launched by Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakist rallies, public meetings, seminars, co campaigns and media programmes, W women in protest of gender-oriented \
1003. South Asia Court for Women international legitimacy. The N
This news item relates to a regiona resistors of trafficking held in front
' 18th South Asia Court on Women on
11-13 August 2003.

dened to cover the issue of prostitution; d database to assist in the formulation d programmes to combat trafficking.
ld be drafted and signed by all countries e year 2002.
er Issues : An empirical survey. 12p. archives on Violence Against Women).
f women in South Asia with regard to lated violence. The socio-economy of en are economically exploited, socially nted by the use of violence in the family, gal provision in the different countries public life and in the decision making ntext, the article reviews the women's ns on structural adjustments for gender
Gender Violence I: Excerpts on South hagen, Beijing: Bringing Women's Human 2ndar of Campaign Activities, November e – http://www.cwgł. rutgers.edu/ 16dayS/ May 2003.
obal Campaign for the Elimination of women's NGOs and action groups in in. The programme activities included mmunity discussions, poster/ signature ith the participation of rural and urban tiolence.
ends : US Trafficking law has no ew Nation. 14 August 2003.
l hearing on testimonies of survivors/ of an international jury which urged
Human Trafficking and HIV/AIDS, Dhaka,
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SAARC nations to make efforts on reh that they are not socially penalised. In of human rights, this forum reflects anc and urges a reform of domestic laws, t against the offence.
1004. South Asian women vow to fight t
12 August 2003.
This is a three-day programme of South of Trafficking and HIV/AIDS cor Narigrantha, with the partnership of A (AWHRC), UNDP and Oxfam South
O Understanding and addressing th the spread of HIV/AIDS associat o Regional security for the protecti
trafficking; O De-criminalisation of Sex Work
victims of trafficking; o Media focus on the identity of t
syndicates, rather than victims.
1005. Tambiah, Yasmin. Realizing w South Asia. P. 97- 105. Nordic Jou
An overview of the challenges to won society, drawing in the parliamentary ( Code of Sri Lanka. The debate illust female sexuality can be manipulated thereby justifying the refusal on wome based sexual violence. The article a movements in Asia that pressurise for
1006.UNDP. AIDS in South and
challenge. New Delhi. 1999. 4C
Trafficking of women and children forf to HIV/AIDS is a serious issue affectin Poor women lacking social and econo) various forms - trafficking; forced pro
3.

abilitation of the victims/survivors, so ecognition of trafficking as a violation shares strategies to combat trafficking heir proper enactment and enforcement
rafficking. The Daily Star. Vol.4, No. 1 / .
Asian Court of Women on the Violence ducted in Dhaka by UBINIG and sian Women's Human Rights Council Asia. The programme encompasses:
e increasing violence, vulnerability and 2d with trafficking women and children; on of victims/survivors of cross-border
jers, most of whom are rural women
raffickers, rapists and organised crime
'omen's sexual rights : Challenges in Lrnal of International Law. No.67, 1998.
hen's sexual freedom in a multi-ethnic debate in 1995 on reforms in the Penal rates that Social constraints related to by state-actors for political benefits, h's sexual rights and condoning gendercknowledges the impact of women's women's rights in traditional societies.
Southwest Asia . A development p.; plates; tables.
orced prostitution and their vulnerability g the development in South/West Asia. mic rights, are subjected to violence in stitution, bonded labour, work burden
4

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and ill-health. As such they are prime t This report provides information on t launched in South/Southwest Asia. Ba the programme covers the following a
Prevention of trafficking women a Care for victims of HIV/AIDS; Harm-reduction through the cor Reproductive health services fo
1007. UNICEF, UNICEF Welcomes S by South Asian leaders in Kathi
Source - http://www.unicef.org
This is a press release on the respon important conventions viz., the traffic welfare, by seven South Asian nations Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The SAARC Summit of South Asia. While for addressing children's and women' gripped with threats of war and t commitment towards the respect f fundamental rights of women and chil
1008.UNICEF. Report summary :
girls in South Asia . Meeting March 1998. (UNICEF Ros
WWW.unicef-iccic.org; accessed
A regional meeting involving South As where non-governmental organisatior violence. This has brought together w against gender-based violence in the re The participants are mostly from no. Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal and Sri La action involving the grass roots level.
1009.UNIFEM. Case study : Bring South Asia. P69-81, ref. With
100 11th SAARC Summit of South Asia, K

argets of sexually transmitted diseases. he HIV/AIDS prevention programme, sed on their policy on AIDS prevention
CaS
nd children and rehabilitation ofvictims;
trol on the use of injectable drugs;
r the rural poor.
igning of two conventions on children mandu. New York, 5 January 2002. lp. /newslines; accessed on 17 May 2003.
ses of UNICEF to the signing of two king of women and children and child - Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, conventions were signed at the "911" congratulating the South Asian leaders S issues at a time when their nations are errorism, UNICEF welcomes their of human rights - in protecting the dren.
Ending Violence against Women and Report, October 1997. Kathmandu. a Report No. 23). Source - http:// l on 12 January 2003).
ian participants was held in Kathmandu, is made efforts to counter gender-based fomen and men to support a movement gion, through community interventions. n-governmental organisations in India, nka committed to join in complementary
ing Gender justice to the Judiciary in an end in Sight : Stategies from the
athmandu, 4-6 January 2002.
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UNFEM Trust Fund to eliminat Spindel et al. New York. 2000.
During the period of 1997-1999 Saksh themselves to counter sexual and othe bringing together high-level judges,
discuss gender equality in the court initiatives for change. In the process of of gender-specific crimes in the Indian in the courtroom, the workshop is : courtroom and to train judges to teach t lawyers and activists from India, Sri I participated in this forum and establi gender equality training prototype to b countries. Funded by UNIFEM and CI together police personnel, health-car crimes in this educational programme
1010. UNIFEM. Carrying the Beijing Asia Regional Office. 1999. 44
This report provides a summary of the exploring the progress of women ir Conference on Women in Beijing, 19. mechanisms initiated by the states shov and plans towards women's empower future priorities, challenges faced, g, constraints encountered by the states.
1011. UNIFEM. SAARC Women for P
New York. 21 November 1999. resources/beijing; accessed on 2 J
This is a news article on the work of by Women for Women from Banglades as an effort of women in South Asia, peace in the region. As such, the form for Peace, was recommended by UN in Dhakar recently, where partners f common perspective and understand strategy for mobilizing public opinion in
3

a violence against women. Ed. Chey wa
, a NGO based in New Delhi committed rforms of violence against Women, by lawyers and activists in South Asia to room, in order to encourage judicial documenting the judicial understanding Setting and the experience of the victim forum to discuss gender bias in the heir peers about gender equality. Judges, anka, Nepal, Pakistan and Bangladesh shed a management team to develop a e used in workshops in the South Asian DA the Workshop also proposes to bring e practitioners and victims of gender
torch in South Asia. New Delhi, South p.; append.
; country papers from SAARC Nations, South Asia since the Fourth World 95. A tabulated summary of follow-up WS Specific policy changes, programmes ment. The publication also focuses on aps in implementing programmes and
ace. 1p. The Beijing +5 Review process. Source - http://www.unifem-eSeasia.org/ une 2003).
SAARC Women for Peace, organized h and UNIFEM. The group was formed to take urgent and concrete action for ation of an NGO viz., SAARC Women FEM. A regional conference was held rom the region gathered to develop a ng of peace in South Asia, to build a tionally and regionally around the issue.
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1012. UNIFEM. South Asia Regio Activism in South Asia. End Vi http://www.unifem-eSeasia. Org;
The South Asia Regional Office of UNI for the Elimination of Gender-based
with protest marches across India and campaign attempts to reach out to dive them to articulate their perceptions of their own Strategies. Launched during has facilitated UNIFEM to enter in educational institutions, government mi organising a range of events to create co and action to combat this across Socioprogrammes for police officers, consc electronic media, poster exhibitions, a part of the campaign that involved pr and youth groups. A special informati girls in South Asia was produced by C the problem and the possible course o
1013.UNIFEM. Speaking Out : Won Asia. Ed. Marilyn Carr et al. Ne
This volume relates to experiences of rural poor women for empowerment, roots women gained access and cont turn leads to social, economic and pol and beyond. It also reveals women's st the purpose of institution-building
financial self-reliance at grassroots le
1014.United Nations Developmen
Prevention of Trafficking and framework for Action. s.l.. 16 Archives on Violence Against V
This is a draft proposal on combat prostitution and other forms of crimes diseases in the SAARC region. Drafted this project will complement existing

nal Office (SARO). Sixteen days of olence. December 1998. 5p. Source -
accessed on 18 June 2003.
FEM has launched the Global Campaign Violence for a period of sixteen days, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan. This rse groups across the Society, enabling violence against women and formulate August-September 1998 the campaign to partnership with women’s NGOs, inistries and human rights activists while ommunity awareness on gender violence -cultural and political barriers. Training ciousness raising through the print and rt shows, drama and music events were ofessional associations, student bodies on leaflet on trafficking of women and JNIFEM, focusing on the magnitude of faction to combat the issue.
nens economic empowerment in South ew Delhi. June 1996.
seven South Asian NGOs that organise Case studies illustrate how the grass rol over economic resources, which in itical changes in the family, community ocial participation and their abilities for towards solidarity, self-autonomy and evels.
t Programme (UNDP) South Asia. HIV/AIDS in South Asia . A strategic November 2001. 13p. Source - ICES Women).
ting trafficking of women for forced and prevention of sexually transmitted in consultation with other UN Agencies, g national initiatives and generate new
97

Page 414
responses to prevent the crime of traffi UN programme this project attem consequences of trafficking and AID security and development in South As
Legal, physical and psychologic Support for survivors of traffic integration; o Preventive measures that targe who are vulnerable to traffickin
The proposal includes participation trainers and motivators, in designing
1015. United Nations High Commiss [ Concerning the Draft SAA Combatting Trafficking in Won Mary Robinson. Geneva. 5 Ju. Violence Against Women).
This letter to the Heads of States relate against trafficking women and girls. develop their national policies and prev trafficking and forced prostitution.
instrument to address human trafficking to develop national/regional legal stan
1016. Women with Disabilities : TF Seminar for Women with Dis Newsletter. Issue. 4. 24 May 2
A regional leadership 'training pro disabled women and facilitating the economic activities with self-reliance International (DPI)-Asia-Pacific, the
O Developing leadership skills
strengthen and empower self-h
9 Asia-Pacific Regional Leadership Tr; Nonthaburi (Thailand), 21-25 April 26
3

cking and HIV/AIDS. As a sub-regional pts to address the root cause and S that are bound to destabilise human ia. The project design concentrates on:
cal protection of the victims; king in terms of rehabilitation and re
t the marginalized sections of women 2.
of Women survivors as peer workers, and implementing the above activities.
ioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR. RC Convention on Prevention and men and Children for Prostitution. By ly 1999. Source - ICES Archives on
S to the Draft of the SAARC Convention Evidently, the member states should 'entive measures against gender-oriented Since there is no universal/ regional , this Draft is instrumental for the nations dards to address this widespread crime.
1e 2" Regional Leadership Training
abilities. P. Empowerment : APCD 004.
gramme focused on empowering the ir entry into the mainstream of socio. Organised by the Disabilities Peoples training session is aimed at:
and providing knowledge on how to
elp organizations;
aining Seminar for Women with Disabilities, )03.
98

Page 415
o Encouraging disabled women to
programme;
o Changing social activities and p
against them;
O Developing and maintaining a 1
the Asia-Pacific region.
Participants from India, Pakistan, programmes to create/provide anti-dis empowerment of Women and to press women's associations by year 2005. campaigning, awareness raising and disabled women themselves.
1017. Workshop on National laws to c
2004.
Participants from Sri Lanka, India, Ba 'regional workshop to deal with th discussing the legal standards add1 preventive measures, protection of \ offenders. The key objective of the pr governments, NGOs and the civil societ initiated research into legal provisions - system to address the problem, identif implementation of a rights-based appro the research findings the workshop pro "loop-holes' by initiating programmes related institution in their respective c
1018.Wickremasinghe, Kamala I. P 64-69. Partners in Progress.
Remedies and actions to prevent traff Asia is the theme of this article. Wh individual countries, the article cc trafficking. This article further sugg
0 “National Laws to Combat Trafficking
Colombo, 25-26 May 2004.

get involved at various levels of the
ower relationships which discriminate
network of women with disabilities in
Bangladesh and Sri Lanka targeted criminatory measures to encourage the rise for their inclusion in mainstream
The planning includes strategies of access to information, involving the
ombat Trafficking. Daily News. 25 May
ngladesh and Nepal came together at a e trafficking of women and children, essing the issue at multiple levels, fictims/survivors and persecution of ogramme was to facilitate the work of y to combat trafficking. The participants - to review the existing legal provisions/ y the gaps/limitations which inhibit the ach to combat the crime. While sharing ovided recommendations to address the for the law enforcement authority and Duntries.
Trafficking of children in South Asia. No. 1, September 2000.
icking of women and children in South ile relating to the current situation in
ncentrates on the strategies against ests that inter-country cooperation is
in South Asia:Sharing of Research Studies",
99

Page 416
important to combat trafficking of wo Convention Against Trafficking shou for the extradition of traffickers and a repatriation of the victims.
1019.Women Working Worldwide
of conduct. s.l.. 1998-99. 9p. Women-WW/codes/; accessed O
This news report concerns women who in South Asia who are subjected to
employers as well as co-workers. It pr and partner organisations in Bangla conducting WWW workshops to educa in workplaces. The codes cover issues in workplaces - health and safety, forc employment and working hours and t
1020. Women of the World. Laws an Lives : South Asia. Ed. Centre foi 242p.; notes; tables.
Though South Asian women have s gender-based violence, maternal death a high incidence of HIV/AIDS, the adequately provide for gender viol discriminatory laws/policies in Sri Pakistan, whose governments are com uphold women's rights in international and policies in each country, along wi chapters draw specific attention to vic health, imposed through national po programmes that target women, in pi This report provides the following ri women's rights in South Asia:
O Initiate legislation/policy measur and practices that prevent women O Create an environment for free a and access to safe, affordable a O Launch family planning progra groups of women — the un marri
4

men, where state parties to the SAARC ld seek legal advocacy across borders dvocacy on care and rehabilitation and
(WWW). Women workers and Codes Source - http://www.poptel.org.uk/ n 6 July 2003).
) are employed in the various industries maltreatment and harassment by their vides information on project activities desh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and India te Women workers on codes of conduct pertaining to issues affecting women ed labour, fair wages, minimum age of he rights of women workers.
d policies affecting their Reproductive r Reproductive Rights. New York. 2004.
some of the world's highest rates of is, unsafe abortions, child marriage and ir national policies and laws do not ence. This volume examines gender lanka, India, Nepal, Bangladesh and mitted to eliminate gender violence and agreements. These chapters detail laws h their limitations and drawbacks. The lence related to women's reproductive pulation policies and family planning rticular, those from grass-root levels. 2commendations, in order to promote
esto end gender discriminatory customs from surviving pregnancy and childbirth; bortion as women's reproductive rights, bortion services; mmes to meet the needs of vulnerable 2d, adolescents and refugees;
)0

Page 417
O Initiate legal reforms to protect o Strict enforcement of laws that
children.
1021.Women's Health & Rights
Advocacy strategy. Issues Activ 20.... Pamphlet).
This information leaflet describes the o reproductive health status of margina Asia, with the priority of monitoring t in promoting safe motherhood. While and the community services to promc incidence of maternal morbidity/mo. regional partners from Bangladesh, Ir have prepared a “blue print” on colle planning, national policy dialogues, c working groups for a regional overv evaluation and accessing information i
1022. Worldview International FC achievements in major Worldvie through better understanding. C
WIF is a non-governmental organisati communication and media for sustain of the report illustrates their programm on aspects of women's health. The re health programme for women in Nepal awareness of violence against Wome diseases and maternal health. A prog training for sexual health has been laun safe sexual health among the young.
See also Citation Nos. 15, 81, 87 ||
388, 389, 432, 436, 520, 523, 526, 626, 641, 647, 666, 692, 733, 758,
4.

women from HIV/AIDS infections; criminalise trafficking of women and
Advocacy Partnership (WHRAP). ties Partners. Kuala Lumpur, ARROW.
bjectives of WHRAP to improve sexual/ ised women and adolescents in South he impact of the health sector reforms monitoring the level of health policy te safe motherhood and to reduce the rtality the advocacy agenda involves dia, Nepal and Pakistan. The partners ctive activities that focus on strategic apacity building for service providers, iew, documentation of best practices/ in local languages to the public.
bundation (WIF). Twenty years of w Programmes. P. 10-11. A better world olombo. [ 1999).
on whose activities include the use of able human development. This section les for Women conducted in South Asia port refers to the sexual reproductive , Bangladesh and Sri Lanka that creates 'n's health - on sexually transmitted ramme on adolescent communication ched in Nepal and Sri Lanka to promote
89, 90,97, 102, 115, 116, 236, 331, 531, 535, 541, 554, 555, 560, 609, 802, 890,914 & 915.

Page 418
IN
AUTHORS
AASA Aawaaz-e-Niswan ABC Nepal-469 Aberu, Robin "Abeysekera, Sunila Action India et al. ActionAid India
ADB Adikaram, Arosha Adil, Adnan Afghan Women's Mission Aftubudin, Mohammad AGHS Legal Aid Cell Agnes, Flavia Ahmed, Eman M. Ahmed, Firdans AHRC
AID
AIDWA
AIH & PH
AIV
Akbar, Sohail Ali, Salma
ALRC
Amin, Sajeda Aminuzzaman, Mahal Amnesty International Ankur - Annamalai, S.
APHD
APWA Aravamudan, Gita Argenti-Pillen, Alex. Arif, Kamran Arnold, J.P. Saulina Ashok, Shyamala Asian Migration Centre ASK
Asmita

DIREX
402
578.
123.
71.
25. 729,730.
144.
129. 2,3,4, 151464,590-92,741. 732. w 579. 58.
17.
582.
30.
583
584.
742
137. 135,136. 133,134. 962.
585
15
593.
16
17 18, 138-42,472,587-89,735-38. 144.
143. 19,594 586.
148.
740. 683.
50. 153. 743. 5-14, 474

Page 419
Associated Press Aurat Foundation AUS Health International AWHIRC
AWHIRC et al.
AWORC
Balami, Bacchu Balchin, Cassandra Baldauf, Scott Bandyopadhyay, Sandip Banerjee, Sudeshna Bano, Shamin BAPS Barge, Sandya et al. Basu, Amrita Basu, Monmayee Baxi, Pratiksha BBC Bhagat, Rasheeda Bhasin, Kamla Bhattacharya, Manjim Bhattacharya, Saurabh Bhutan, Kingdom of Bhutan, Royal Govt.of Bina Roy Partners in ..Programme Biswas, Soutik BMP BNWLA Boatwright, Alice Bochasanwasi Shree Akstan.Swaminal
See BAPS Bombay Police Commissionarate BRAAVE BRAC Brandt, Michele British Council Burnad, Fatima N. Butalia, Urvashi BWCO
Capital Police, Islamabad, Pakıstan CARE East
403

20,595. 596,597. 598. 963
52. 473.
475. 585. 599. 56. 57. 600. 166 154. 158, 159. 160. 34,35 161. 296,297. 162. 163. 115. 18 602,744. 165. 24-30. 33. 66 rayan Sanstha
423. 112. 31,36. 37
603. 207. 167,964. 110.
604. 745.

Page 420
CARE International
CRS
CATW, Asia Pacific
CPA
CRLP
CEN WOR
CFLR 1
Chakravarti, Uma et al
Chanda, Ila
CHANGE
Chopra, Ashima et al. −
Choudhury, Srobona Roy
CIDA
CIMIEL
Cochin University of Science
& Technology
Coomaraswamy, Radhika
Cossman, Brenda CPJ, Sri Lanka CWD
CWDS
Das, John Asit Das, Prafulla Dave, Anjali de Alwis, Malathi De Jong, Kaz et al. de Mel, Neloufer de Silva, Amala de Silva, Indralal de Silva, Mangalika Delhi Commission for Women Derechos Human Rights Detashis, Mukherjee Devasia, T.K Dhaka Ahsania Mission Dhakal, Mukta Dhar, Aarti
Dias, Eshan
Dias, Malsiri Dissanaike, Tharuka. Divakara, Premila
4.(

)4
746,747.
605.
966.
750.
478,479.
751-53.
69.
172.
38
170.
368.
295. 174,606,607,757. 175,608,609,758.
176. 42.43,177-79,482-84,610,761-68, 971-75.
258
759.
754,755.
17.
44
181. 182, 183 769,820. 770. 771. 836. 773 851. 184, 185. 772. 186. 188.
46
486. 190. 774.
775 776. 777.

Page 421
DMSC
Dugger, Celia W.
Ekatra
EKTA
Elizabeth, V. End Abuse.Family Violence. Fund Equlaity Now
Falguni, Audity Ferdinando, Shamindra Fernando, Sharmini Fernando, Vijitha
FHCO
FHI
FMW Forum Against Oppression of Women FORUT-Sri Lanka Foundation for Universal Responsibil Fox, Ted
Francis, Bijo Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Fujikura, Yasuko
FWILD
Ganguly, Rupali Ghaswala, Bahula Glassman, Nicole Global IDP Database Goldstein, Anna Gomez, Mario Gomez, Shyamala Good Practices Databast Goonesekera, S.W.E. see also Goonesekera, Savitri Goonesekera, Savitri see also Goonesekera, S.W.E.
Government of Bangladesh , People's Republic of , Ministry of Health & Family Welfar , Ministry of Women and Children's
Government of India , Department of Family Welfare , Ministry of Human Resource Devel
4

195. 194. 196. 197. 199. 612. 489.
978. 795. 796. 793,794. 209. 49. 792. 210. 797. ity 980.
615 21. 798. 495. 478,492-94,979.
212. 213. 981
799.
800 801-03. 801804. 616. 807.
805-06.982.
47.94.
23,47. e 61. Affairs 62-64.
26-19, 216. opment 299.
105

Page 422
Government of Nepal
, Department of Health Services , His Majesty's 496-500. , National Planning Commission, Ministry for Women and Social , Ministry of Women, Children alı
Government of Pakistan
, Ministry of Women Developme , Ministry of Women, Developme See also Pakistan, Islamic Repu
Government of Sri Lanka
Ministry of Health & Women's A Ministry of Transport... Women' Ministry of Women's Affairs 80 Parliament of the Democratic Ré
Grantmakers Without Borders Greene-Roesel J. Guhatkaturta, Meghna Gunaratne, Carmena Gunasekera, Nelum Gunatilleke, Nadira Gupta, Jyotsna Agnihotr
Habiba, Shumi Umme Haider, Zeeshan Haksar, Nandita Hall, Sonja E. Haniffa, FarZana Harris, Simon
HAWCA Hayward, Ruth Finney Hettiarachchi, Kumudini Hinton, Rachel
Hirve, Siddhi Home Office Working Group, U.K Hossain, Sara Hossamane, Sakshi Broota Huda, Sigma Human Rights Law Network Human Rights Watch
40

498.
1998, 528. Welfare 521,522. hd Social Welfare 499,500.
nt & Social Welfare 618. nt, Social....&Special Education 652. blic of . . .
Affairs 860,863-65. s Affairs 861,862. 9.
2public of 875.
619. 114.
48 806,811. 810. 812-15. 220.
50 62. 223. 642. 816. 817. 625. 983. 818. 114. 226. 51. 61. 227. 52 210. 228,624.

Page 423
Humanscape India Huq, Ershadul Huq, Nasreen Husain, Shahid Hussain, Abid Hussain, Ameena Hyndman, Jennifer
ICDDR-Bangladesh
ICES, [Colomb)
ICMC Pakistan
ICRC
IGLCHR
Illangovan, R
ILO
ILO/IPEC
IMC
IMDAR
India Together
Indrajith, Saman
INSEC
Institute for Social Development
Interact Club of St. Peter's College
Interact Club of Visakha Vidyalaya
INTERIGHTS
International Consortium of
Emergency Contraception
IPPF
IRC
Isis International
Iyer, Lalitha
Jacob, Alexander Jacob, Satish Jacob, Sreedevi Jagriti Foundation Jahan, Roushan Jahangir, Asma Jaising, Indira Jaswal, Surinder Jayasinghe, Saroj Jayasundara, Ramani Jayawardene, Kumari
4.(

)7
230. 54 55 626 53. 822 820
31
825,828,829.
627.
823.
504.
23.
522,831,984,985.
522.
629,630.
832,833.
233.
824.
502,503.
826.
827
827.
40,41608,758,969.
830. 56,237,466,505,621,834,986 632. 633. 239.
240. 241. 242. 506. 57,58. 636 243. 244. 836 775 837.

Page 424
Jenkins, Carol Jesani, Amar
Jilani, Hina Jillani, Tassaduq Hussain Johnston, Sarah et al. Joshua, Anita JPC Sisters Network
Kalyanaratne, K.A.I. Kamal, Nashid Kanagarachchi, Ramani Kannabiran, Kalpana Kannan, Ramya Kaplan, Jeffrey A. Kapur, Aanchal Kapur, Diya et al Kapur, Ratna Karat, Brinda Karunakaran, P. Kelantan Family Planning Associatio Khalid, Quratulann (Annie) Hafeez Khalsa Human Rights Khan, Mushtaq Ahmad Khan, Nasreen Khatun, Julie Rahima Khot, Anagha
KHRD Kiwanuka, Justine Kodikara, Chulani Komal Gandhar Kosambi, Meera Krishnakumar, Asha Kumar, Radha Kumar, Sampath Kurukulasuriya, Lasanda
Lak, Daniel
Lama, Sangye et al.
Lari, Zahida
Law & Society Trust Lawyers' Collective Lhakapa Doma Salaka-Pinasa Sherpa LHRD

59.
246. 583. 637. 987. 245. 247.
838. 60.
839. 249. 250-55. 37.
256. 257. 258. 259,260. 840. 692. 640. 261. 64 1.
642
44
262
847. 841. 842,843. 264. 265. 266-70. 271272. 273. 844.
274,507. 554. 644. 846 275-77. 509. 847

Page 425
LHRLA Limbu, Ramyata. Lind, Krista Liyanage, Jayanthi Loganathan, Bhawani Lynch, Caitrin
Mahilia Samakhya Baroda et al.
Mahila Samakhya Saharanpur et al
Mahila Sangharsh Okoota
Maiti Nepal
Malalasekera, Sanath
Malhotra, Anjali
Malik, Adam
Malla, Sapana Pradhan
Manavi
Manikandan, K.
Marasinghe, Charika
Marasinghe, Sandasena
Maternity and Child Welfare
Association,Pakistan
Mathew, Dennis Marcus
Mathias, Linda
Maunaguru, Sitralega
McGivering, Jill
Meer, Shamim
Mehta, Manik
Menon, Meena
Menon, Nivedita
Menon, Parvathi
Menon, Ritu
Menon, Sumita
MGR International
Minnesota Advocates for Human Right
Mishra, Yamini
Mishra, Yamini
Mitra, Nishi
MISI
MSS
Mukhopadhyay, Maitrayee
Mulay, Shree
Mullins, Jim
Multiple Action Research Group
40

747. 510. 278. 850. 822,851-53. 800
280, 28. 282. 511-14. 854. 283. 648. 515,516. 990 284. 855. 85.
650. 288. 289. 857 290. 3.09. 858. 291. 291-94. 295. 296,297. 262. 300. 5 18-20. 301. 523. 302,303. 285,517,856. 649 309.
65.
66.
310.

Page 426
Mumtaz, Zubia Murshid, Tazeen Mahnaz Murthy, Rajani K Mydans, Seth.
Naripokkho
Nasir, Aysha National Commission on Women , Sri Lanka
, India National Human Rights Commission , India
, Pakistan
, Sri Lanka National Labour Committee, USA NACO, India
NAWO, India
NFDW, India
NDB, Sri Lanka
Neeran
NepalNet KDS.
Nest NGO Co-ordinating Committee for Be Niazi, Ziaullah
NWSA, USA
Odhikar
Ohashi, Masaaki Oldenburg, Veena Talwar OMCT
Oshuchi
Oxfam.
Oxfam (CAA)
Pakistan Information Networks Pakistan, Islamic Republic of See also Govt. of Pakistan Pal, R.M.
Panchal, Trupti
Pande, Mrinal
Pandey, Divya
Pandit, Nirmala
Park, Eric

'jing+5
653. 67.
312. 655.
68-72. 657.
870. 324-28,992
331. 622,623. 819.
73
320. 321-23. 330. 868. 869 527. 871. 658. 659. 16.
75.
993.
334. 661,662.
77. 531,664,994. 79,873,874.
669. 668
677. 336 337. 342. 995. 117,532.

Page 427
Parliament of the Democratic Republic See Govt. of Sri Lanka Parmar, Leena
Parsal, Gargi
PAWLA
Peace Women
People Tree, The Perera-Rajasingham, Nimanthi
PHR
Poonacha, Veena Population Council, Pakistan Poudel, Meena
Pradhan, Gowri.
Premalatha, P.IN Projonmo '71 (Children. Liberation V Puri, Luw
PWN
Q Home Q Web
RAHI Railar-Mhatre, Sumedha Rajadingham-Senanayake, Darini Rajalakshmi, T.K. Rajan, R.S. See also Sunder Rajan, Rajeswari Rajani, Nicole Rajapakse, Ruwana Rajbhandari, Renu Rajendran, S. Rakhyan, Lalitha Ramachandra, Vimala Ramachandran, Sudha Rana, Bandana Rana - Deuba, Arzu. Range, Irangika Rao, Rajyasri Rao, Sandhya
Rege, S. Reuters News Service RHI
Riaz, Mohammed

, Sri Lanka
Var)
338. 339. 674. 678. 559. 876. 341. 342. 679. 534. 538 344. 80.
346. 343.
537. 347.
348. 349. 881. 350-61. 363
362. 883. 541. 882. 364. 365 366. 538 539. 884 367. 368 369. 680 681. 682.

Page 428
Rose, Jenny Routh, Mitra Ruwanpura, Kanchana
SAARC People’s Forum SAARCNET
Saathi.
Sabala et al. Sacerdoti, Guy S AHRDC Salway, Sarah et al. Samarasinghe, Nandini Samath, Faizal Samuel, Kumudini Samya Shakti Sandesh IndiaOnline Sangwari, Jagmati Sanlaap Santhanam, Kousalya Santos-Abrams, Elyssa SAP-I
Sardar, Shakeen Sarwar, Beena
SAS
Sastry, Anil Satkunanathan, Ambika Satkunaraiah, Bavani SAWNET
SEDA
Seguin, Andrea Sen, Gita Seneviratne, Dharshini Seneviratne, Partibashi Shah, Anuradha Shaheed, Farida Shaikh, Nahida Shakthi Shalini Shaljan, A.M. Shamin, Ishrat Sharma, Kalpana Sharma, Sushila Shenoy, Anita Shettu, Fayazuddin Ahmed

374. 375. 816,886.
999.
1000. 543-48,376. 377.
8.
403.
653
001.
887 888,889. 380.
381.
260.
382. 383,384. 82. 88,404,558,695,899. 683.
890. 549,550. 385.
975.
89. 83,551. 552.
687. 388,389. 893 894
395.
684.
336.
397.
467.
84. 393,394,896. 554
398.
85.

Page 429
Shirkat Gah
Shonghoti Shreshtha, Urmila Bhojpure Shtri i Shakthi Shukla, Srawan SIGI Alert Archives Silva, Vijitha Singh, Jyotsna Sisters in Islam Sivamohan, Sumathy Sivaraman, Mythili Socialist Alliance Solanki, Gopika South Asia - Forums Soysa, Priyani E. Special Cell ...Women and Children Srinivas, Shefali Stree Sangam Strydom, Marie Subramani, A. Suganya, Celine Sunder Rajan, Rajeswari See also Rajan, R.S. Suriya Women's Development Centre Szymanski, Tekla
TAF
Talukdar, Sushanta Talwar, Anuradha Tambiah, Yasmin Tamil Nadu Women's Forum Tata Institute of Social Sciences Tewari, Sudha Thapa, Vijay Jung
TIE-Asia
Tissanayagam, J.S.
TPO
Tripathi, Purnima S.
UBINIG
U.N. Agencies
„UNAIDS , UNAIDS et al.
41

399.
685-9. 86. 555. 556.
557.
897
400. 692. 898. 401. 694. 182, 183. 402.
900
405. 406.
20 981. 40. 411. 363,413,414
905. 698.
699,778. 416. 417. 906,1005. 418,49. 405,423. 424.
422 907,908. 909
910. 428.
89-9.
430. 9.

Page 430
„UNCEDAW ,UNDP
,UNECOSOC
, UNFPA
UNICEF
UNHCR
„UNHCHR
„UNIFEM
„UNIRINU.N. Commission on Human Rights U.N. Special Rapporteur on Violence
against Women
see Coomaraswamy, Radhika U.N. Special Rapporteur on
Extrajudicial Killings et al
see Jahangir, Asma
University of Delhi Upadhyaya, Predeepa Uprety, Aruna
Ur-Rahman, Javid U.S. Dept. of State
USAID Usha Multipurpose Co-op...Society Utviklingsfondet
Velu, Rajam Venkatesan, V. Verma, Babita Vigil Coalition Visaria, Letela et al. Visaria, Leela Voice of Women
WARLAW
Warrier, Shoba Warzazi, Halima Embarek WATCH Weerakoone, Bradman et al. WERC
WF,Nepal
414

113,563. 121,562,564,702,916, 1006, 1014. 95-98, 122,431,432,565, 566,914,915. 102,567,705,706,912,917-20. 93,94,120,007, 1008 704, 1014.
703
1009-13.
707.708.
913
434.
568.
569.
709.
922. i00,429,570,921. 435.
571
437. 438. 439.
923
441. 365,442. 925.
444. 446.
104,713. 572. 935. 953. 573.

Page 431
- WGNRR
WHO WHIRAP WHRNET NeWS Wickremasinghe, Kamala I. Wickremasinghe, Narme WIF Wijayatilake, Kamalini Wijetilake, Dhara WIN WIS COMP WILUMIL Womankind Worldwide Women & Media Collective Women and Global Human Rights Women's Bureau of Sri Lanka Women's Coalition for Peace Women's International League of... Fr Women's Legal Services Women's Political Forum Women's Right Initiative World Bank
Group, The
The.- WSG WWW
Zahra, Sadaf. Zia, Asma Zia, Shahla Zonta International
CONFERENCES & WORKSHOPS
All India Women's Conference, Mad
Asia- Pacific Regional Consultation.
Violence Against Women, Colc
Asia-Pacific Regional Consultation w Special Rapporteur On Violence Aga 30-31 August 2002.

461.
926,927.
O2
448,928.
937, 1018.
929.
022.
931,932,939,938
930.
948,949.
450.
106-09,717-21.
452.
940-42.
105.
864,865,950.
934. eedom 574.
575.
955.
276,277
958. 463,725. 956.
109.
726
727. 728. 960.
ras, November 193 344.
U.N. Special Rapporteur on ombo, 12-13 Aug. 2001. 550.
fith the United Nations inst Women, Colombo,
207.
415

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Bangladesh 1971-1996: Past, Present 13- 5 December 1996.
Colombo Declaration, South Asian W. 27-30 April 1998.
Combatting Trafficking in Women an Food Security, Colombo, 27 July 1998.
Confronting Violence : Recounting Re Delhi, March 2004.
Consultative Workshop on Migration : 17 January 2001.
Convention Against Honour Killings/ 25 November 2004.
Current Situation in Civil Society Org Delhi, 24 March 1999.
Dowry as a Crime-Crime as Dowry :T Dowry, New Delhi, 1-2 September 20
Eighteenth National Workshop on "Up HIV/AIDS Control in India', Bangalo
Eighteenth South Asia Court on Wom and HIV/AIDS, Dhaka, 11-13 August
Eleventh SAARC Summit, 2002.
Eleventh SAARC Summit of South As 4-6 January 2002.
ESCAP High-Level Meeting for Bejin
s.l., 28 October 1999.
Expanding Dimensions of Dowry', N. 1-2 September, 2002.

ning ...for Women with -25 April 2003.
and Future', London.
omen's Conference, Colombo,
| Children and Ensuring
sistance, Envisioning Justice',
and HIV/AIDS, Colombo,
violence, Delhi,
anisations in South Asia',
he Expanding Dimensions of
O2.
dates and Action Plans for re, 19-23 August 2002.
n on Human Trafficking 2003.
ia, Kathmandu,
g+5,
w Delhi,
1016
48
988
999
436
79 l
442
993
135
376
1003
1007
997
408
359

Page 433
Expert Group Meeting on State Intervi Against Women, Dhaka, 14-18 June 1
Expert Meeting “Women & Legal Ju 19-20 November 2000.
Expert Meeting:Zero Tolerance for D. 7-9 August 2000.
Expert Meeting on Gender Dimension New York, 14-15 June 1999.
Expert Meeting on Women and Legal 19-20 November 2000.
Female Foeticide in Tamil Nadu : St Chennai, 2-3 December, 1998.
Female Infanticide', District of Katih
Fifth Discussion of the Forum for the Sex Workers (FARS), Chennai, 13-14
Fifty Years of Law, Justice and Gover 24-26 November 2000.
First National Conference of Sex Wor
4- 6 November 1997.
First National Conference on Post-Be
New Delhi, 17-19 February 1997.
First Planning Meeting of the Indian ( Women for Peace, New Delhi, 2 June.
First World Congress Against Comme Stockholm, 29 August 1996.
Fourteenth International AIDS Confe 7-12 July 2002.
Gender and Violence', Hambantota (S 11-14 July 2005.
Gender, Equality and Justice', Nepalg
4

entions on Violence
997. 1769,70
stice ", Hakone (Japan),
995
omestic Violence, Tokyo,
8
is of Internal Displacement,
820
Justice, Hakone (Japan),
516,843
ate-Level Consultation,
50
ar (Bihar), May 1995. 32
Advocacy and Rights of the April 2002. 153
nance in Sri Lanka, Colombo,
804
kers, Calcutta,
95
ijing Review and Action,
322
Chapter of the NGO-SAARC
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rcial Exploitation of Children,
558
rence, Barcelona,
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Sri Lanka),
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17

Page 434
Human Rights and Equality : Worksho Anuradhapura, April 2001.
ICES/SSRC Conference on Violence A Ideologies, Colombo, 28-31 March 19
ILO/Japan Regional Tripartite ...on Act Asia and the Pacific, Penang, 2-4 Octo
Implications of the 4th World Conferen Development Co-operation, Madras, 2
International Conference on Populatio Bangladesh, Cairo, 5-13 September 19
International Conference on Violence, Armed Conflict Situations,Tokyo, 31 (
International Special Education Congr 24-28 July 2000.
International Workshop on Internation in Women, Chiangmai (Thailand), 17
International Workshop on Internation: Trafficking in Women, Chiangmai, 17
International Youth Conference of BA
Media Advocacy in relation to Women Kathmandu, 21-22 May 1998.
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- National Consultation on the Impleme
11-12 March 2004.
4)

p for Police ... Magistrates,
846
gainst Women : Victims and 96 . 363,414
ion. Sexual Harassment ... ber 2001. 984
ce on Women in Bi-lateral 3-25 April 1996. 118,861
h and Development in 94. 963
Against Women in War and Dctober - 3 November 1997. 50
ess 2000, Manchester,
644
al Migration ...Trafficking 21 October 1994. 7
ul Migration and 21 October 1994. 382,572
PS, 1990. 166
and Violence',
473
mbai,
123
edy and Effective dia”, New Delhi, 1997. 227
nal Law and Women,
123
Badi Community,
495
ntation of ICPD, Kathmandu,
526
8 .

Page 435
National Consultation Workshop on a Violence in Sri Lanka, Colombo, 9-10
National Consultative Workshop on (Kathmandu), 22-24 April, 1998.
National Laws to Combat Trafficking Research Studies", Colombo, 25-26 M National Network of Sex Workers, Ca
People's Tribunal on Coercive Populat 9 October, 2004.
Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act Chennai, 2-3 December 1998.
Prevention of Violence, ...: Role of H in Violence. Nepal, 28-30 Novembe
Public Hearing on Crimes against Wo Conflicts, Tokyo), 11 December 200
Regional Asian Conference on "Orga Exploitation', Dhaka, 26-29 June 1998
Regional Conference on Trafficking i 3-4 November 1998.
Regional Consultation on Measures T Sexual Exploitation of Children, Bang
Regional Consultation on Violence A 21-22 August 1999.
Regional Meeting on Trafficking in W Asia and Pacific, Bangkok, 19-22 Feb
Regional Seminar on Child Prostitutio Siliguri (Bangladesh), 16-18 Novembe
Regional Workshop on Parliamentary Violence Against Women in South As
Right to Safe Moherhood", Lucknow,
4.

Multi-Sectoral ....Gender Based
December 2004. 867
Elimination of Child Labour,
522
in South Asia: Sharing of Aay 2004. 107 lcutta, 29-31 March 1998. 212
ion Policies, Delhi,
361
: State Level Consultation,
46
(ealth Professionals and Services
r 1998. 568
men in Recent Wars and O. 21
nising against Sexual
3. 977
n Women, Bangkok,
535,555,641,998
aken to Address Commercial
gkok, 28-30 August 2000. 62
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15,468
Women, Forced Labour and ....in ruary 1997. 987
n and Traffickin 2, er 1998.
Advocacy for the Prevention of ia, Dhaka, l8-19 March 2003. 976
28 May 2004. 307
19

Page 436
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Seventh International Congress on Rep International Conference..., New Delhi, 461.
Seventh SAARCLAW Conference, Co
Sex Workers Conference, Calcutta, 14
Sexual Harassment : Sharing of Experie Colombo, 9-14 November 1995.
Sexual Harassment in the Workplace",
Sixteen Days Activism Against Gender 25 November - 10 December, 200l.
Sixth District Conference of Zonta Inte 23-25 September 2005.
Sixth National Conference on Women Ranchi, December 1997,
South Asian Dialogue on Trafficking it ... the SAARC Convention, Colombo,
South Asian Dialogue on Trafficking ir :Towards..., Wattala (Sri Lanka), l l-12
Southeast Asian Workshop on Islam :R Women’s Rights, Selangor (Malaysia),
Trafficking in Human Beings (Control) 29 July 2001.
Tenth National Conference of the Bang Dhaka.
42

lives', Hyderabad,
306 l, 1-3 November 1999. 666 ntion ...Trafficking in andu, 5 Jan.2002. 992
linkuta (Nepal). February 1995. 502 lombo, 24-25 October 1998. 515
roductive Immunology &
Oct-Nov. 1998.
ombo, 24-25 October 1998. 982
16 November 1997. 387
nces between East and West'
798
Colombo, 24 July 1999. 895
Violence'
686
crnational, Ghent (Poland),
236
S Movement,
123
Women...: Towards... 11-12 February 1999. 541
Women and Children February 1999. 1990
eproductive Health. 20–23 August 1998. 692
Bill', Kathmandu,
476
gladesh Mahila Parishad,
- 27

Page 437
Tenth SAARC Summit, Colombo, 29Third Annual Population Research Co and Sustainable Development ... ... P. December 2002.
Third Beijing Biennial Regional Mini 26-27 September 2000.
Trafficking in Girls and Women: Solu Parliamentarians, Kathmandu, Septem
Trafficking in Women and Children, V 30 September 1998.
U.N. Fourth World Conference on Wo 4-15 September 1995.
U.N. International Conference on Pop Development on South Asia, Cairo, 19
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Victim Women's Forum, Nepalgunj (N 12-15 February 1993.
Violence Against Women', Hyderabad
Women and Governance : Democratic (Final Meeting), Hendala (Sri Lanka),
Women in Asia and the Pacific : High-l ... Platform for Action, New York), 26
Women Re-magining the United Natic Mumbai, 18 January 2004.
World Conference against Racism, ... Durban, 28 August - 7 September 200
Youth Forum on Prevention of Violenc Colombo. 31 October 1998.

1 July, 1998. 1000 ference on "Population kistan”, Lahore, 19-21
679
terial Meeting, Maldives,
989
tion to the Problem, ... Role of ber 1999. 513
fashington D.C.,
981
men, Beijing,
47,286,299,989
ulation (ICPD) and
94. 389
onal Conference on AIDS,
430
's Movements in South Asia,
983
epal),
503
, 31 December 2002. 648
Process in South Asia, 23-25 March 1999. 556
evel Intergovernmental -29 Oct. 1999. 96, 122
Ins: Making Change“,
116
Kenophobia and Related - - و 2. 206,330
e Against Women.
828

Page 438
Periodicals used in the Bibliogr
ADB Review ARROWS for Change
Article 2 Asian Human Rights Commission : R Awaaz Bangladesh Jatiyo Mahila Ainjibi Sam Bharathiya Janani CHIRI New Sletter Clean Clothes Campaign Newsletter Coalition : Asia Pacific Report Combat
Connexions
Daily Mirror
Daily News
Daily Times
Dawn
Deccan Herald
Desi Talk
Dhaka Courier Disability International Economic and Political Weekly Empowerment: APCD Newsletter End Violence Equality Now : Women's Action Feminist Daily News Forced Migration Review Frontline Gender and Development Groots NewSletter Health Policy and Planning Human Beams Human Rights Today Human Rights Watch ICRC New Setter IMADR Review
India Today
Indian Express International Family Law IOM New S Release IOM Press Briefing Notes

aphy
2ligious Groups for Human Rights
nity Bulletin
22

Page 439
Journal of Law and Religion Kali's Yug
Kathmandu Post Law & Society Trust Review Lines
Maiti Maiti Nepal Newsletter Manushi MS Nepal Newsletter Namaskar Nordic Journal of International Options Oxfam GB Gender Newsletter Paktribune Partners in Progress People's Perspectives Pravada
Pravahini
PUCL Bulletin Raising Our Voices Real Lives Reproductive Health Matters Samyukta
Seminar
She
Social Research Solidarity : SAARC Women's Journal Sunday Observer Supreme Court Cases The Banyan
The Daily Star The Economist The Friday Times
The Hindu The Hindu Business Line The Hindustan Times The Island
The New Nation The New York Times The Observer The Sunday Leader The Sunday Times The Times of India
423

Page 440
The Tribune
The Week
Torture USAID Information Bulletin Voice of Women Weekend Express WIN News
WIPFlyer WLUML New Sheet Women in Action Women if Politics Resource Network Women's Feature Service Women's Rights News Women's Rights Watch

24

Page 441
ACKNOWLE
MYSINCERE
Radhika Coomaraswamy f area of Violence Against W
Nimanthi Rajasingham preparing this compilation
Bernadette Mahendran an, my work
Su vendrini Amaratunge volume with utmost precisi
Tharumini Wijekoon an helping with the compilati
Tharanga and Shyamalief commitment in publishing
CIDA - Shakti Gender E. generous assistance to pr

)GEMENT
HANKS TO
or inducting me to the
omen
for her guidance in
d Parul Shah for editing
for copy-editing this ion
d Shalini Thomas for
Ot
or their cooperation and
this volume
quity Project for their oduce this volume

Page 442


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This bibliography is part of a out by ICES on gender and Context. This Work looks at le that have been implemented it against Women and the cha implementing these prograr bibliography looks at efforts in the family, the community, an issues of violence against Wor violence. This Work also ma toward documenting issues the gendered manner in W Operates.
INTERNATIONAL CENTRE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

wider research project carried violence in the South Asian gislation, policies/programmes h the region to prevent violence allenges faced by feminist in mmes. Added to this, this made by various actors such as isociety to raise awareness On men and to support survivors of kes an important contribution of IDP/Refugee protection and hich humanitarian assistance
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