Page 1
GRADE TEN
Educational Publicatio
 
 

S Department

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GRADE TEN
Educa

Pupil's BOOK
tional Publications Department

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All rights reserved.
First Print - 2006 Second Print - 2007 Third Print - 2008 FOUrth Print - 2009 Fifth Print - 2010 Sixth Print - 2011
The Government has spent Rs. 1 presented to you free of charge.
Published by the Educatio
Printed at Softwave Prin

PUC's Book
GRADE TEN
05.00 on this book which is
nal Publications Department.
ting & Packaging (Pvt) Ltd.

Page 5
The National Anthen
Sri Lanka Matha
Apa Sri Lanka Namo Namo Namc Sundara siribarinee, Surendiathisc Dhanya dhanaya nekamal palaturu Apa hata sepa siri setha sadana jee Piliganu mena apabhakthipooja N Apa Sri Lanka Namo Namo Namc Oba we apa Vidya
Obamaya apa Sathya Oba we apa shakthi Apa hadathula bhakthi Oba apa aloke
Apage anuprane Oba apa jeevana we Apamukthiya oba we Navajeevana demine, nithina apap Gnana veeryavadawamina regena Ekamavakage daru kela bevina Yamuyamu Veenopama Prema Vada Sema bheda durerada
Namo. Namo Matha Apa Sri Lanka Namo Namo Namc
 

n of Sri Lanka
) Namo Matha
bamana Lanka
pirijayabhoomiya ramya Wanaye matha amo Namo Matha
) Namo Matha
lubudukaran matha
yanu manajayabhoomi kara
) Namo Matha

Page 6
ܢܠ ܐܚ-ܠ
අපි වෙමු. එක මවකගේ
චීක නිවෙසහි වෙසෙන)
తెల్చి 25pOL5 టెలి) OECDC
අප කය තුළ දුවනා
එබැවිනි. අපි වෙමු ලෙස චීක ලෙස එහි වැඩෙන පීවත් වන අප මෙම නි සොලින සිටිය යුතු වේ
සරමට ම මෙත් කරරණ:
වෙළී සමගි දමිනී රන් මිණි මුතු නො ව දී කිසි කල නොම දිරනා
ஒரு தாய் மக்கள் ந ஒன்றே நாம் வாழும் நன்றே உடலில் ஒடு ஒன்றே நம் குருதி நி
அதனால் சகோதரர்
ஒன்றாய் வாழும் வளி நன்றாய் இவ் இல்லில் நலமே வாழ்தல் வே
யாவரும் அன்பு கரு ஒற்றுமை சிறக்க வா பொன்னும் மணியும்
யான்று மழியாச் செ

Ø දරුවෝ
(ය වේ
යුරු සොයුරියෝ
O
}වෙස්
]) ගුණෙනී
C5, 9 5 66855)
ආනන්ද සමරකෝන්
TLDT (36 JITLD
3,606) b
b
றம்
நாமாவோம் ாரும் நாம்
ண்டுமன்றோ
ணையுடன்
ழ்ந்திடுதல் முத்துமல்ல - அதுவே ல்வமன்றோ.
ஆனந்த சமரக்கோன் கவிதையின் பெயர்ப்பு.

Page 7
The Message of His Exc
ബർ 3 :)-ാ
Beloved Sons and Dau
Many countries that lagg time we gained indepe passed us and gone far al not be prepared to co or Work according to models of those nations, no purpose in continuir our lost heritage. What is to Surpass them and overall development the and show new paths a the World.
Dear Sons and Daugh engaged in building yo
Mahinda Rajapaksa
President of the Den Republic of Sri Lanka
(An extract from the si President Mahinda Raja Water Filling Ceremony Port on 15.08.2010)
కాక 3డలం"ది 5256e9ూQ__pre-GQ_29
 

ellency the President
, no :Long ? o. 鲇
ghters,
莒
fed behind us at the indence have now
3.
G
head. But, We must py those countries the development Similarly, there is ng to lament about We shall do instead | reach a stage of y have not reached, nd possibilities to
Iters, We are now ur future !
nocratic Socialist
peech delivered by paksa at the historic of the Magampura
SsSSeMSJJAsMSeSJJAsSSMeS hA AsS

Page 8


Page 9
Message from the Hon. M
Beloved Sons and Daughters,
You are the most Valuable treaSl value is enhanced through ed accomplish that task aim at offer
This textbook produced by Spe collected from the tax paying pl the sole intention of making you a You will undoubtedly enhance the light of education you gain. you a helping hand to awaken y proud descendant of a great gene enabled to carve statues depic compassion out of hard heartles of great literary value on the Mi
I express my gratitude to the Department and to all the others in offering this textbook to you.
Bandula Gunawardhana Minister of Education
Vii

inister of Education
ire of Our motherland. Your
Ication. We, committed to ing you the best.
2nding the national wealth ublic is offered to you with Virtuous and skillful citizen. the national Wealth through This textbook will provide "Our creativity, as you are a ration whose creative power sting loving kindness and S rock and compose graffiti TrOr Wall”.
Educational Publications
| Vho dedicated them Selves

Page 10


Page 11
ForeWC
The expectation of our nation is a equipped with virtues and skills. The of Sri Lanka offers you this tex accomplishing that target.
Our aim is to make you accessible to education by getting the optimum u: the gateway for you to become area motherland.
By making this textbook your trustw able to enter the path of becoming a the country and undoubtedly, Sri Lan Knowledge, attitudes and skills you help you to win the world beyond th “Pearl of the Indian Ocean' will shin armed with competencies.
I extend my gratitude to the Writers and their knowledge in compilingt others including the officers oft Department, the editors and the me
W.M.N.J.Pushpakumara Commissioner General of Educatio
Educational Publications Departme Isurupaya,
Battaramulla.
26. 05, 2011
ix

rd
glorious younger generation Democratic Socialist Republic tbook with the intention of
the World of wisdom through se of this textbook and to open linheritor of the prosperity of
Vorthy companion, you will be | patriotic citizen beneficial to ka Will prosper because of you. gain by using this textbook will e horizon. The brilliance of the ebrighter because of you when
who dedicated time, endeavour his textbook along with all the he Educational Publications mbers of the evaluation board.
inal Publications
nt

Page 12
Monitoring and Supervision
W.M.N.J. Pushpakumara
Commissioner General of Educational Pu
Direction
Mrs. K. V. Nandani Sriyalatha
Commissioner (Development) Educational Publications Department
Co-ordination - Reprint 2011
Hasini Wickrama Seneviratne ASSistant Commissioner
Panel Of Writers
Dharmasena Dissanayake B.A. (Cey), Dip.T.E.F.L. (Lond)
Pushpa Kariyawasam
English Specialist Trained, BEd. (English) L TESOL
EditOS
Leela Wijesuriya ASSistant Commissioner Educational Publications Department
Kamala Gunawardene Director - English Ministry of Education
Technical Advice
Leela Wijesu riya ASSistant Commissioner Educational Publications Department
Project Co-ordination
W.D. Padmini Nalika
Actg. Additional Commissioner Educational Publications Department
 

PUDIS BOOK
bli CationS
2 Thalagala

Page 13
i 2
3.
4.
5
6
En Vironment
Sources of KnOWIE
Teenagers & Enter
Man's Service to
Clubs and ASSOCia
Science & Technol
The World of Work
xi
 

Pupil's Book
GRADE TEN
Contents
1-18
2dge 19-36
tainment 3T-54
Man 55-68
ltions 69-86
|0gy 87-96
97-12O

Page 14

xii

Page 15
Environment There is pleasure in the pathless WOc
D) anguage ocs
Language Functions
01. Emphasising U
- Sinharaja is the only undisturbed
rain forest. 1, - Policy makers should pay greater
attention.
02. Expressing likes
- From my young days I liked to have
UTCCS... 2. - I used to spend hours swimming, diving and playing in the water.
03. Presenting facts 3.
- Rainforests maintain about 50% of
plant, animal, bird, reptile and insect species of the world. - We started this organization in 1975. 4.
Please do not write anything in this book.
 

DOS
Grammar
se ofthe prepositional phrases as adjuncts,
Cause, reason
- I feel relaxed because of all these trees. - Sri Lanka is called the pearl of the
Indian Ocean because of her natural
beauty and shape.
, Purpose
- Sinharaja provides a hábitat for animals. - Cleaning of the forest for agriculture.
. Manner
- They move about in groups. - Work in groups.
. Place
- Some threatened species are found in
Sinharaia. - They are found in South and Central
America.
. Direct 1 Indirect Speech
- 'I'm just after a cup of tea. - Sansith said that he was just after a cup
of tea.
Use your writing book for writing.

Page 16
Enviro There is
O Activity 1.1 > Pair work
I Reading
he Sinharaja forest is the only undistur hectares in extent. Many of the plants found only in the lowland wet zone of Sri destroyed, the world would lose them altog to conserve this rich, valuable and fragile h;
The Sinharaja forest is home to many rar
trees. Ferns and mosses grow well as the clin
2 UNIT 01 | Environment
 
 
 
 
 
 

in ment pleasure in the pathless Woods
SINHARAJA RAINIFOREST
bed rainforest left in Sri Lanka. It is about 9000 are very rare. Over 60% of the tree species are Lanka. If these species of trees were allowed to get ether. So it is important that much effort is made abitat.
The Sinharaja rainforest is the largest
rainforest reserve in Sri Lanka. In 1840 Sinharaja became a crown property. In 1988 the Sinharaja was made a National Wilderness area. In 1989 UNESCO included the Sinharaja Forest in the World Heritage list,
as the first National Heritage of Sri Lanka.
e animals, birds, butterflies, insects, reptiles and
nate is humid because of heavy rainfall.

Page 17
The vegetation
Vegetation means trees, shrubs, herbs and wood average height of trees in the Sinharaja varies be
metres. Some trees are above 50 metres.
The animals and the birds
Sinharaja provides a habitat for animals. The large mammals as well as Small ones living there. easily. They move about in groups. There are hert The Wild pig, the Sambur, the mouse-deer and t the Sinharaja. There is also evidence of the prese rusty spotted cat and the fishing cat. There e
are many other varieties of Small mammals.
Studies have recorded 147 species of birds. Some threatened species of birds are found in the Sinharaja. Among them are the blue magpie, the white-headed Starling and the ash-headed babbler །
Phaenicophaeolus pyrrhocéphalus (Red-faced Malkoha)
Reptiles
Studies have recorded 45 varieties of eptiles. These include Snakes, lizards and ortoises. The viper and the Cobra are mong the venomous species. Conservation )f Sinharaja is of vital necessity. It ensures he maintenance of water resources. It also ontrols floods, which is a constant threat
lue to heavy rainfall in the area.
 

ly climbers. The tween 35 to 40
plants provide them with food. There are The purple faced monkeys can be observed ivores, Carnivores as well as mixed feeders. he barking-deer are some that you find in
'nce of the leopard. Among others are the
Activity 1.2 > Vocabulary
Writing
Find the right words from the text and fill in the blanks.
Write the sentences in your writing book.
1. Leopards are
They have to hunt for their food.
2. Elephants are
They love to eat kithul trunks.
3. Birds are . They feed on
grains, insects and worms.
4. Some reptiles are , but others
2AC IOL.
5. are a constant threat due to
heavy rainfall.
Environment UNIT 01 3.

Page 18
O Activity 1.3 > Comprehension
Writing
Complete the following sentences selecting
Write the sentences in your writing book.
1. In 1840 Sinharaja was declared a pi
a. the state. b. the private sector.
c. the state and the private sector.
2. The average height of a tree is
a. 50 metres.
b. 35 to 40 metres.
C. less than 30 metres.
3. Species of live in the S
a. all venomous reptiles b. animals, birds and reptiles
C. Some rare migrant birds
4. is commonly seen i
a. The leopard b. The purple faced monkey c. The ash headed babbler
5. reptiles are found
a. All the venomous
b. All non-venomous
c. Some venomous and In On-VenO
4 UNIT O1 | Environment

, the right answer.
roperty owned by
inharaja forest.
in the Sinharaja forest.
there.
[IOUS

Page 19
RAINFORES
The Importance of Rainfores
| rainforests are located around the equator. The temperature around the equator is high. Hence the rate of water evaporation is high. As a result there is frequent rain in rainforests. They are found in South and Central America, Africa, in the islands around Australia and Asia. The rainforests are important to human existence and the surroundings. Rainforests are a rich Source of medicinal plants, food and useful forest products. They maintain about 50% of the plant, animal, bird, reptile and insect species of the World. These forests help to maintain a regular rainfall. They also stand as a buffer against floods, droughts and erosion. These forests produce a significant amount of the World's Oxygen.
O Activity 1.4 > Pair work
Writing al. 1. What is the location of rainfor 2. What causes water evaporation 3. Is it possible for humans to exi 4. Do animals and birds find thei 5. Why are these forests called rai b. 6. What will happen if the forest
7. How do the rainforests stop so

ests in relation to the equator ?
st without rainforests ?
r needs in these forests ?
nforests ? coverage is reduced ?
il erosion ?
Environment UNIT 01 5

Page 20
Activity 1.5 > Pair Work
I Writing Make a list of benefits forman from ra
C・8・ Rainforests provide food
fruits, nuts and yams. Select the right word from the list of V Write in your Writing book.
Rainforests are found near the equator. I Season of less rain. Rainforests cover half of the plant and animal Tropical produce 40% of
Comes from the rainforests,
to Activity 1.6
Reading Enjoy reading this p
6 UNIT 01 | Environment
 

inforests.
for man:
VOrds and fill in the blanks.
/ brief / νομίας / οπιοι / ο νοει
in the rainforests there is usually a
than 6% of earth's land . More than
Species are in tropical rainforests.
the . About 1/4 of the medicines we
DREAM POEM in a corner of my bedroom great a tree a happy tree Pay Oun free its leaves were sofi
like flesh and its birds sang poems for me then
Oen
uvithout uarning ፲11ጋ0 ???6oን?
with understanding smiles and axes
made out forged excuses came and chopped it down either yesterday
or the day before i think it was the day before,
ROGER McGOUGH

Page 21
O Activity 1.7 > Group work
I Speaking / Reading / Writing
Discuss the threats to the forest. Next make a Write them in your writing book. Present your list to the class. e.g. 0 Expansion of the villages surround
2 Clearing of the forest for agricultu
O Activity 1.8 > Pair work
Speakings Readings Writing
Say what you should do and what you shot
Write in point form in your writing books.
1. We must get about quietly. | We mu because birds, TI
Then exchange books and read each other's
O Activity 1.9 > Grammar
I Writing Prepositional Phrases expressing cause / reason
- I feel relaxed because of all these trees.
- Sri Lanka is called the Pearl of the Indian Oc
Complete the sentences in A joining with a sui
1. She works 2. The farmers could not cultivate the fields E 3. When it began to rain everyone ran 4. The social workers organized a programme
5. The philanthropist built a house
 
 
 

list of the threats.
ing the forests.
"al purposes.
ld not do while in a forest.
st not make any noise
; it can disturb the animals,
eptiles and insects.
work.
cean because of her natural beauty and shape.
table Prepositional Phrase from 'B'.
to clean up the hospital.
DCCCLUISC for her country.
for the poor woman. for shelter.
of the drought.
Environment | UNIT 01 7

Page 22
O Activity 1.10
Speaking / Reading
A Meeting
Grade 10 students of Daranagama Maha \
have organized a
tree planting week. Sans
editor of the Class Magazine, "Our Envir
He has made an
appointment with Mrs.
Serasinghe founder member of the orga
Ruk-Reka Ganno
, together views about pi
of our environment. The interview is given
I entered through the little gate and looked arou
A charming, modest lady walked up to me.
Mrs. Irangani Serasinghe
Sansith
: Come, I've
Sorry if I'm late, madam
very Cool here.
Mrs. Serasinghe
Sansith
Mrs. Serasinghe
Sansith
Mrs. Serasinghe
Sansith
Mrs. Serasinghe
8 UNIT 01 | Environment
: Yes, I don't feel the heat.
: It's beautiful. Looks like
: Look at those clusters of
area is strewn with flow
: Thank you madam, I'm
: From my young days I lov
ancestral home is in Mul
flowed in front of our ho
of bamboo trees, on the
the rustling of the bamb
: Did you go for baths in t
: Of course! I used to spe
water. During our your to play, time to be with
everyone is busy.

"idyalaya this the onment. rangani nization, Otection below.
ind in amazement; a small forest in the busy city.
been waiting for you.
. Your house is hidden among the trees. It must be
Look at my Ehela tree.
a large golden umbrella.
flowers hanging down. In the morning the entire
ers. Would you like a cup of tea?
ust after a Cup of tea.
'e to have trees, animals and birds around me. Our
dugamuwa, in the Kegalle District. Gurugoda Oya use and joined the Kelani river. There were thickets banks sloping down to the Oya. I loved to listen to
Do leaves. There is music in the flow of water.
he oya?
‘nd hours Swimming, diving and playing in the ng days, we led a very leisurely life. We had time
nature and also time for our studies. But today

Page 23
Sansith
Mrs. Serasinghe
Sansith
Mrs. Serasinghe
Sansith
Mrs. Serasinghe
Sansith
Mrs. Serasinghe
Sansith
Mrs. Serasinghe
: What other memories do you
: When I recollect my childhoo
in the habit of sitting on the t garden, looking at the paddy to the rhythm of the breeze.
: Madam, I've heard that you
'Ruk Reka Ganno.
: We started this organization in
other living creatures. They a
affects the others.
: Madam, could you please tell
: If we destroy the trees we destr
be no rain. We won't have wi Our Organization has started to protect the trees and also to
understand the importance of
: Madam, are you a member of
: Yes, I'm a member of the Wil
and other forms of literature the people and speak to ther
read.
: Madam, thank you for giving m
: Thank you Sansith. Goodbye.
 

nave about your childhood?
l, pleasant memories flood my mind. I was runk of a fallen tree or on a rock in the back
ields. The paddy plants swayed and danced ,
are a founder member of the organization,
1975. Our aim is to protect trees, as well as
'e Strands in one web. If you destroy one, it
is more about this organization?
oy the animals, birds and the soil. There will rter to drink, food to eat, we will all perish. to educate the people. We encourage them plant more and more trees. We make them
protecting nature.
the Wild Life Society?
dLife Society. We have prepared pamphlets about the conservation of nature. We meet
m. I'll give you a few pamphlets for you to
se your valuable time. Thank you. Goodbye.
Environment | UNIT 01 9

Page 24
O Activity 1.11 Comprehension
Writing Answer the questions in your Writing bool a. O1. Why was Sansith amazed ?
02. How did Mrs. Serasinghe know that Sansith was coming to meet her ? 03. What made Sansith think that her
house would be cool? 04. Why does she say that they led
"a leisurely life", when they were young? 05. When did they start the
organization, Ruk-Reka Ganno ? 06. Read the line that tells us that Sansith
got late. 07. Find a word that tells us about
sounds.
b. 08. How do the members of "Ruk-Reka
Ganno' carry their message to the people 09. What happens when you fell trees 2 10. Are the Ruk-Reka Ganno interested
only in protecting trees ?
Activity 1.14 > Grammar
Writing Direct / Indirect speech - When you want you use the reported / indirect Speech. e.g. Sansith said, "I'm just after a cup oft Sansith said that he was just after a c Write the following statements in reporte
Mrs. Irangani Serasinghe said:
10 UNIT 01 | Environment
 

O Activity 1.12 Pair work
Writing
S. Write down in point form the facts you
gather about Mrs. Irangani Serasinghe from the conversation. Write them in your Writing book.
e.g. l.born in Mudugamuwa.
Activity 1.13 > Pair work
| Writing Write ashort Composition about Mrs. Irangani Serasinghe using the points and Some phrases
belloW. Writein your Writing book.
founder member sloping down in amaZement leisurely life a radiant Smile recollecting (her) childhood a modest lady ina Web
an/theancestral home a strand
thickets of bamboo trees dusters of flowers.
to report to Someone what Someone else said
ごa.
up of tea. d Speech in your Writing book.
7e to have trees, animals and birds around me.)
n't feel the heat.
re is music in the flowing water.)
re will be no mist.)
Il give you a few pamphlets.

Page 25
O Activity 1.15 > Comprehension
Reading | Writing
Amazon Rainforest
E
Facts about the Amazon Rainforest quado
-
are given below. Use them and write a Per
composition about the Amazon Rainforest. A few sentences to begin
your composition are given below. The map of A
Rainiforest
The Amazon Rainforest The Amazon Rainforest in South America is the V several millions of square kilo-metres in extent. It Equador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, Surinam
01. annual rainfall 27 mm. 02. Some trees reach a height of 4. 03. Smaller trees and shrubs grow 04. ferns and exotic wild orchids. 05, a wider variety of plants and a 06. economically important plant 07. Brazil nuts, cocoa, pineapples, 08. Over 250 species of trees. 09, over 1500 species of birds. 10. 3000 known species of fish. 11.30 million different insect spe 12. threats :
rapid population growth loggers cut down trees expansion of agricultural hunting 13. 10% of the Amazon Rainfore
പ്പ്
 
 
 

Vorld's largest tropical rainforest. It is covers some parts of Brazil, Bolivia, Peru,
and French Guiana.
) metres.
under them.
nimals.
S
rubber.
cies.
lands
est has been destroyed.
Environment UNIT 01 11

Page 26
O Activity 1.16 > Comprehension
Reading "
- C S { havi
to share water with any other country. Henc she is able to manage her water resources anc minimize environmental hazards. If we are to preserve the natural beauty of Sri Lanka w have to manage our water resources well. Sr Lanka is called, the Pearl of the Indian Ocean because of her shape and natural beauty.
There are two aspects to water managem according to the environmental demands, water for agriculture, industry, power gener. Excessive removal of w exposed bird, animal, fish the livelihood of farmers water for drinking, Cookir Supply of water for irriga their lands and inland fish The flow of water keeps Dr. Validimir Smakhtin, Water Management Instit the water flow has to var
good health of the ecosys
needs are not being met
12 UNIT O1 | Environment
 
 
 
 

ent; firstly to allocate water to the environment
Secondly to supply the human requirement of ation and domestic work. ater from rivers, tanks and other waterways has and plant species to danger. It also has threatened and fishermen. Many people depend on river g, Washing and for various other uses. When the ion is interrupted, the farmers cannot cultivate ing will not be possible.
the ecosystem healthy and productive. the principal researcher at the International ute (IWMI) based in Colombo, points out that 7 at different times of the year, to maintain the em. According to the IW'MI, the environmental
as too much of water is being removed. The

Page 27
policy makers should pay greater attention to
Ul
st recognize the need to allocate water for
water wastage must be controlled. They must al.
attention to environmental effects. Finally they
е
Activity 1.17 > Comprehension
Reading / Writing
Pic
k the right clauses from the box and comple
Write in the writing book.
01.
O2.
O3.
04.
O5.
06.
O7.
08.
To lessen the environmental problems To attract tourists to Sri Lanka To protect the natural beauty
To supply human needs To stop the pollution of Water To protect the eco-System To attract migratory birds To stop Water Wastage
Activity 1.18 > Comprehension
m Speaking / Writing / Reading
a. Why do we need water? Write ten uses in
e.g: 01. for farming
b. When you finish, read out the list to th c. When others read out their lists, copy
list.

the over exploitation of fresh water. They the maintenance of the environment. The O monitor the flow of water and pay greater
must take steps to maintain the ecosystem.
te the sentences.
We must maintain the natural beauty. We must meet their requirements Of Water. We must manage Water Well We must Supply Water to the environment. the lagoons must be 100ked after the flow Of Water should vary.
the policymakers should take necessary action. the flow Of Water must be maintained
your writing book.
Le class.
down what you have missed on to your
Environment | UNIT 01 13

Page 28
O Activity 1.19 > Pair work
Writing
a. What happens when there is a drought? W A drought has come.
You may start this way - A drought has come The trees, bushes and vines have withered. green colour. Cattle, goats and other anima
to eat and drink. Their skins have sunk into
b. Exchange books and read the composition
O Activity 1.2O > Pair work
Writing
Suggest some ways to save water in your hon
Do this activity in your writing book.
01. Collect rain Water in tubs and
barrels for home use.
14 UNIT 01 Environment
 
 

'rite a description in your writing book on,
he few leaves left on trees have lost their is are roaming about looking for Something
their bones
is written by others.
ne and in the country.
01. Water should be released to
farmers only when required for Cultivation.

Page 29
Activity 1.21 > Pair work
S
Reading / Writing
Read the following points on Yala National
O1.
O2.
O3.
04.
O5.
06.
O7.
O8.
O9.
10.
11.
12.
in the Hambantotal District. 19 kilometres of sea - Coast covering unspoil
CXtent.
climate - usually hot and dry. North East monsoon rains from November 1 April.
Menik Ganga provides water. tanks and natural water holes hold water. extensive grasslands surrounding the tanks a elephants, leopards, many species of deer, the Sam reptiles, crocodiles, beautiful tortoises. wild, hard flowers. large numbers of tourists visit.
events during Tsunami.
e
Activity 1.22 > Composition
Writing
Make use of the facts given above and write
a description for a Tourist Brochure about
the Yala National Park.
You may start with a general statement like -
Yala National Park, one of the best known
reserves in the island, covers over 1300 sq.
kilometres.

Park.
ed natural beaches. 1360 sq. kilometres in
O January. Inter-monsoonal rains in March
ind waterholes.
bur, the hog deer, grey monkeys etc.
Environment | UNIT 01 15

Page 30
O Activity 1.23 > Group Work
Writing
Copy the grid on to your exercise book and Parks and Sanctuaries in Sri Lanka. Get the
friends and books.
Name Externt
O Activity 1.24
| Reading BLUE STARS AND GOLD
While Walking through the trams and cars I chanced to look up at the sky, And saw that it was full of stars!
So starry-sown. A man could not, With any care, have stuck a pin Through any Single Vacant spot.
And some were shining furiously; And some were big and some were small; But all were beautiful to see
Blue stars and gold! A sky of grey The air between a velvet pall! I could not take my eyes away
And there I sang this little psalm Most awkwardly. Because I was Standing between a car and a train!
JAMES STEPHENS
16 UNIT 01 | Environment
 

fill it with information about other National
information from your elders, teachers,
Location What one can see

Page 31
O Activity 1.25 Group Work
Listening
Listen to the teacher, reciting the poem. Get one of the members in your group to 1 Now you recite the poem. Divide the class into five groups and recite
Next, exchange the Stanzas and recite.
O Activity 1.26 > Group Work
Listening
Complete each sentence choosing the right wor
your writing book.
01. The speaker is C
(a) in a town. (b) in a village.
(c) inside a bus / train.
02. The speaker looks up C
(a) at the stars. (b) at the sky. (c) at the stars and the sky.
03. The stars
(a) were here and there. C
(b) filled the sky.
(c) were like pins.

ecite the poem aloud.
one stanza each.
'd group from among a-b-c and write in
)4. The stars were
(a) shining angrily. (b) making the sky beautiful.
(c) of different sizes.
5. The speaker could not take his eyes
away because (a) the sky was grey. (b) of the velvet air.
(c) the stars were so beautiful.
)6. The poet feels that
(a) the sky was beautiful because of the
StarS. (b) he could sing a song standing between a car and a train. (c) he could be more happy away from
the town.
Environment | UNIT 01 17

Page 32
Activity 1.27 > Group Work
Listening / Writing Complete the Story giving an interesting humorous ending. Give the Story a title. Write in your Writing book and present it to the class.
There was a coconut tree behind our house, bending over the kitchen roof. Coconut fronds and nuts often came down on the kitchen roof. Every time this happened father had to go up a ladder to get on to the roof and reset the broken tiles. Mother was annoyed and she complained about the tree. One morning father came with two men. One carried a long, thick rope and the other had an axe in his hand. One of them climbed the coconut palm and tied one end of the rope round it. After he had come down the other worker began to cut the tree. When the trunk was half cut, father
and the two men took the other end of the
rope away from the house and tugged at it.
Activity 1.28 > Group Work
Listening / Writing
Imagine you are a member of the Ruk Rek ask the owner of the tree, why he cut dow
e.g. Wasn't there any way to protect this t
18 UNIT 01 | Environment
 
 

ག་ས་ག་ལ་  ീഭ
// TV
/ / ILVK I
AHH
A.
I
a Ganno Organization. Prepare some questior In the coconut tree without protecting it.
ree ?

Page 33
Sources of Knowledge Knowledge is power
O language ocs
Language Functions
01. Defining / Describing - An encyclopaedia is ... - A dictionary is.
02. Expressing doubt, possibility
- It may have been.
- Perhaps - May be it had
03. Expressing compulsion
- You must not do - Lay it out
04. Introducing - known as - Our presentation today is on
Sources of Knowledge.
05. Getting Information
- How did you get the book? - What can you remember about the
story?
Please do not write anything in this book
 

Grammar
01. Present Perfect Tense
- We have read stories, poems. - We have learnt about the way of life.
02. Simple Present Tense
refering to Past and Future - Historical knowledge provides a lot of
knowledge about the Country. - The dictionary improves people's use
of language.
03. Passive voice
- Words are written horizontally. - Often it is written by a scholar.
04. Adverbs as modifiers
- The uses are very many. - Cameras are very useful in many
branches.
. Use your writing book for writing.

Page 34
Source "Knowlec
O Activity 2.1 BOOKS
Reading Given below is a speec
comes as a group pres
W. are here today, to speak a few word selected books. We have brought som important sources of knowledge. We have lear
love to read fairy tales and other story books.
Now we have read stories, poems, histories, r books. We have learnt about our country, and things we have never seen or heard before.
Books give us not only knowledge; they giv Nights, tell us of strange adventures. They kee folktales of many lands. The fairytales deligh
Potter Series. Sometime back we had the Enic
Each religion has its own books too. The ( Quran, the Hindus have the Vedas, the Budd The Mahavamsa is considered the oldest record
of our country.
When we are free, we spend our time wit the library. When we are ill, and in bed hov spend our time if we didn't have a storybook?
knowledge are inseparable in our life.
20 UNIT 02 | Sources of knowledge
 

S of Knowledge ige is power"
ch delivered by a student to his class. This
entation.
ls on "The Sources of Knowledge. We have he pictures of books too. Books, are the most nt many things from books. As little children, we
eports, biographies, adventures, everything in other countries from books. We have read about
e us entertainment too. The Tales of the Arabian us awake with curiosity. Aesop's Fables tell us of ted us in our childhood. Now we have the Harry
| Blyton stories.
Christians have the Bible, the Muslims have the hists have the Dhammapada.
of history
h books in
W would we
Books and

Page 35
O Activity 2.2 > Comprehension > Pair S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Speaking / Writing
Attempt short answers to these questions ora Then write the answers in complete sentences
Check with your partner.
Give the meaning of the first paragraph ir What are the different things we learn fro List the books mentioned in paragraph thi What kind of books are mentioned in the What are the situations mentioned in the What is the meaning of the last sentence?
O Activity 2.3 > Comprehension S S S S S S S S S S S S S S MS
Speaking
Have you read any of the books mentioned in talk? Talk to the class about it. The following will help you.
O Give the title and the author. O. When did you read the book? O How did you get the book? o What can you remember about the stol
the events and the characters?
Would you like to read it again?

work
ly, with a partner.
in your writing book.
tWO SentenCCS. m books according to the Second paragraph?
fee.
fourth paragraph?
5th paragraph?
Do you agree with what is said there?
AMAZON DVENTURE
-l
A
this
y,
Sources of knowledge UNIT 02 21

Page 36
O Activity 2.4 > Comprehension His
Reading
Our presentation on Sources of Knowledge is
We think a newspaper is a very important Sol
First of all they bring us news of most things
world. So they keep us abreast of the world.
01 From the newspapers we can learn ofb screened. That is not all. We can learn a
that are put up. We learn about sports
02 You can learn many things from the mi
contribution to knowledge. Often it is
03 That is not all. The newspaper brings us
New inventions and discoveries come t
04 It is very interesting to read these articles
them. I remember I learnt that the Dama from one of those articles. Then my parel the peasants who had helped in the exper
a clay furnace, under the guidance of the
05 For myself I find reading the editorial v
what is happening in the country.
O Activity
Writi
| a. Read the te
writing boc 1. Suitable sul 2. The signific 3. The steel us
4. The conten
| b. Answer qui 5. What items 6. What is yol
22 UNIT 02|Sources of knowledge
 

on Newspapers
Irce of knowledge.
that are happening in the country, and in the
ooks that are published and films that are about the plays that are staged and exhibitions
OO.
ddle page article. That is a very important
written by a scholar, or an expert in the field.
news of research undertaken in Countries.
O us through the newspapers.
because you learn many exciting facts from
(scus Swords were produced from Samanala steel, nts took me to Samanala Wewa. We chatted with iment. They had actually produced pure steel in
experts of coursel
ery rewarding It gives me a knowledge about
2.5 > Pair Work
ng xt and write a sentence for each of 1-4 in your ok.
otitles for the 05 paragraphs. 'ance of the middle page article. ed for the Damascus Swords.
ts of the editorial.
estions 5 and 6 in your writing books. s in the newspaper have been left out?
ur favourite item in reading the newspaper?

Page 37
O Activity 2.6 > Pair work S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Reading / Writing Answer the questions On the passage in your Writing book.
Our presentation today is on Sources of Knowledge. We wish to speak on, Encyclopaedias and Dictionaries. We draw your attention to every paragraph-Or Section by asking a question. We will put 04 questions on the board. First, match the questions with the paragraphs.
1. What does an encyclopaedia contain?
2. What is the meaning of the word encycle 3. List the limitations of a dictionary. Wha 4. What does an encyclopaedia do, that a
a. The encyclopaedia has developed from the dictionary in the 18th century. A dictionary is mainly on Words and their definitions. It provides limited information, for the Word defined. Sometimes the definition given in the dictionary may not give enough understanding of the Word to the reader. He may not understand the meaning. or significance of the word. He may not understand the broad meaning.
c. An encyclopaedia is a complete summary of information. This information can be on all branches of knowledge or a particular branch of knowledge.

co
Britannica 2006
Amate Reference Süle OV)
ܐ ܒܓܬ
Eicartaリ Reference Libral * ܓܢܒ ܝ
paedia? When was the word first used?
does it not do? dictionary doesn’t?
b. An encyclopaedia on the other hand gives a full account on the subject. It gives the most relevant knowledge gathered on that subject. It often includes maps, illustrations, charts, as well as statistics to show relationships.
d. The word “encyclopaedia, comes from
the classical Greek word meaning, "a general education. The idea of producing an encyclopedia is very old. The term was first used in 1541.
Sources of knowledge | UNIT 02 23

Page 38
O Activity 2.7 > Pair work SS
Reading We have selected the dictionary for Our
A dictionary is a book from which people ce how they are spelt and pronounced. The Word order. Thus abroad comes before absent, b and so on. The order of every letter is taken
The pronunciation is given in signs that explained in the introduction to the dictional show the part of speech, e.g. (n) stands for n
The dictionary na Select the right W
of the word, refe use it or not to U
Dr. Samuel Jo He wrote it in English Langua
O Activity 2.8 > Pair work SMS
R. Writing
Decide on a topic on which you want information. Refer to the subject in an encyclopaedia. Copy the entry from the encyclopaedia. Check with your partner's entry.
Give the following information in your writing book.
1. name of library 2. name of encyclopaedia 3. page in which the entry was found 4. time taken to copy the entry
5. date when the work was done
24 UNIT 02|Sources of knowledge
 

presentation.
an find out what Words mean, S are arranged in alphabetical ecause "r comes before 's', into consideration.
stand for various Sounds. These signs are y. Then an abbreviation or a short form will oun. (adj.) stands for adjective and So on.
improves people's use of language. You can ord to use. If you are not sure of the meaning r to the dictionary; you will learn whether ise it in that place.
hnson is the father of the English Dictionary. 1755. He was very concerned about the
age.
O Activity 2.9 > Group work S S S S S S S S S SMSSSS
A Writing Get into 04 groups. Take one Word for each group. Look in a dictionary and copy the meanings for the words and the parts of speech.
a school
b. book
c. hand
d. man
Now construct sentences for each meaning. Check each other's and copy them on to your Writing book.

Page 39
O Activity 2.10 > Group work
Reading
This presentation is on the Internet.
Search
Engines
YaltaVista
S S S S S S SSSSS S S S S S
The Internet is a source of knowledge. It is of very recent origin. However the influence it has on society is immeasurable. The scope is very wide. It is known the World over. It is easily accessible to everyone.
Knowledge has got a new dimension
 
 

with the introduction of the internet. An internet user has access to a lot of knowledge and information. A book for example is read serially one sentence after the other. Words are written horizontally or vertically. If we want to read a book, and listen to music at the same time, we have to use two separate sources for that. But the internet has brought the two together for us. You must have seen people working at the computer listening to music.
When producing a book, the weight and size play an important role. That is why dictionaries and encyclopedias come in Volumes. We Will not be able to lift one if they are produced as a single work. The internet has no weight unlike a book which is heavy. And so with the network, there is no bulk’. We can get what we Want at a "click.
The language that is most used on the internet is English. The internet was first started as a research project of the Department of Defense of the USA.
The internet provides an immense source of knowledge, through search sites such as Google, Wikipedia, Yahoo etc.
However there are certain disadvantages in the internet. No one is responsible for the information or the quality of information. There is no Source for this information. There is no authority, or authorship
responsible.
Sources of knowledge | UNIT 02 25

Page 40
O Activity 2.11 > Comprehension
Reading
In order to understand the
internet, it is necessary to learn rea the meanings of some of the III words that come in the passage. for Some of them are 'technical Size words. They are special to the forr use of the internet. righ Read the passage again with incl. these meanings. tha Match the words in B with the IOt meanings in A and write them in in your writing book. tha
O Activity 2.12 > Group work S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Writing
Find out the following information from a te
1. Some names of encyclopaedias (Sinhala/
2. Some names of dictionaries.
3. Copy the grid on to your Writing book.
4. Complete the grid with the information
5. Write the information as a paragraph.
Name of Dictionary
Name of Author
Name of Encyclopaedia
26 UNIT 02|Sources of knowledge
 

hable 0r Obtainable recent
ge, eXtent immeasurable n left to right accessible mass Or Volume dimension ning a Series horizontally t/power Serially ude as apart unmanageable f Which Cannot be measured SCOpe
long past vertically he direction from top to bottom bulk
Which cannot be managed authority
acher, a librarian or an elder.
Tamil/English)
you gather.
Name of Year of Number of Author Publication Volumes

Page 41
O Activity 2.13 > Group work S S S S S S S S
Reading / Writing
Our presentation OinS Historical ruins pro Sometimes these hist
interpreted. There are
Stone Henge of Wa what it could have b
associated with the wo
Stone Henge is a po the Stone Henge as a v There is also the m
Thames. This is known The totem poles of British Museum. For a kept in Britain. They
We can get an idea ruins. We can learn ab
an interesting source C
O Activity 2.14 > Pair work SS
Reading / Writing
Given below are places of historical impo
Match A with B and copy them on to you
A. B
Great Wall London Pyramids France The Hermitage Australia Colloseum India Taj Mahal, Greece Aborigine paintings Leningrad Cleopatra's Needle China Palace of Versailles Egypt
 

Ources of KnOWLedge is On Historical Ruins. vide a lot of knowledge about the country. orical ruins are not properly understood, or some ruins about which there are no records. les is one such ruin. Still people do not know een. Some people think it may have been rship of the sun. pular decoration! Many computer users have wall paper. assive stone pillar on the banks of the river
as Cleopatra's Needlel the aborigines of Africa can be seen in the long time the Sinhala Crown and throne were were returned when we got independence. of the arts and crafts of the time from these out a country too from these ruins. They are
fknowledge.
rtance with their countries.
ur writing book.
O Activity 2.15 > Pair work S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Writing Describe one of these by finding out the following information. - when it was put up/built - what is left of it now
- what it must have been/meant at the time
- what it is now.
Sources of knowledge UNIT 02 27

Page 42
Activity 2.16 > Group Work SS
Reading / Writing
Match A and B given below. Frame questior groups to get the Words in A or the Words it the anSWer. It may be possible to ask two questions for phrase. e.g. A man who looks after sheep is a sheph O. - Who is a shepherd? A. - A shepherd is a man who looks after O. - What does a shepherd do ? A. - A shepherd looks after sheep.
A.
01. a boy who frightens weaker boys. 02. a man who makes furniture. 03, a hundred years. 04. another word for daybreak. 05. place where birds are kept. 06, a man who looks after sheep. 07, place where metal goods are made. 08. water when turned into gas. 09. place where fish are kept. 10. Water when it is solid. 11. a storey 12. a stingy man, does not spend money. 13. the cross bars in a ladder.
28 UNIT 02 Sources of knowledge

with what
an aquarium an aviary a bully a floor or level in a building a carpenter a century dawn a foundry ice
a miser
rungs
vapour

Page 43
2 Activity 2.17 > Pair work
Reading / Writing
fer to the telephone directory and find out 2 following information. Where is the National Library and Documentation Services Board 2 Who are the officials mentioned ? How many types of telephone numbers are given ? Find out about the shortened forms used.
O Activity 2.18 > Pair work S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SMSSSS
Speaking / Reading
a. Role play the first two utterences of a person b. The use of the telephone is now wide spread. T
Interviewer - Mahahoora" how do you contac
the forest ? Mahahoora- (calling a child) Kekulo, bring in
o Write in your writing books what the interview
"The elder in the group /*The word used is rela / Word
 

Telephone Directories
source of information A telephone directory gives different types
of information.
1. You can refer to a telephone directory
if you don't know the address.
2. There is a contents page or a guide. 3. Names are arranged in alphabetical
Order.
4. Most businesses are advertised in the
telephone directory.
5. The telephone directory is in different sections according to the information. The directory advertises itself as Yellow Pages / Rainbow Pages.
6. You need to get to know the Directory
in order to get your information quickly.
giving a message over the telephone.
he following came in the papers as a cartoon.
someone in your group who's gone to
y cell-telpoja to show this mahataya.
r said next and the Mahahooras reply.
for child/ 'Word meaning small
Sources of knowledge UNIT 02 29

Page 44
Activity 2.19 > Pair Work
Complete the followin
member of the school
Journalist Member:
Journalist:
Member :
Journalist:
Member :
Journalist:
Member :
Journalist:
Member :
Journalist:
Member:
Journalist:
O Activity 2.20
I Writing
: I'm a jour)
I need som
Do you lik All right, li
Write a short account of the modern day t
different shapes
different colours
uses; one to one / one to many (confe
redialling / taking messages / caller lin
Write a paragraph on your own on the ad
30 UNIT 02|Sources of knowledge
 
 

When you need to find out certain types of information you can get it from your Telephone Directory.
The Telephone Directory will give you
some information but not all.
dialogue between a journalist and a village society. Then, role play the dialogue.
halist from the .......... paper.
ce to meet our president? at's go and meet him.
elephone, making use of the points given.
encing) / volume control (speaker phones)
identification.
atages / disadvantages of cellular phones.

Page 45
Activity 2.21 > Grammar
Present Perfect Tense Pa
Structure: has / have + Past participle
e.g. We have learnt about the way of life.
Now write five (05) sentences of your own C using this structure.
2.
3.
4.
5.
O Activity 2.22 > Pair work S S
I Writing
Sometimes a sentence may not have a doer. The
C.g. Folklore has not been written down. It means; No one wrote down the folklore. Read the sentences given here with your partner. A subject (a doer) has been given for every sentence. Complete the blanks with the information given in the sentences and copy them on to your Writing book.
Grand parents tC The municipality al King Kashyapa O The ancient people ir
Readers al

ssive Voice
We write words horizontally. Words are written horizontally. hange the following sentences to the
SSive voice. The principal supervises their work. The doctors see the patients daily. Somebody cleans the room everyday. They manufacture cars in Japan.
People advise us not to go out alone.
subject may not be clear.
Folktales are related to grand children.
The road is named after Piyadasa Sirisena.
A fortress was built on Sigiriya. The Sun was Worshipped as a god in the past.
The English translation is known as The
Children's and Household Tales.
Sources of knowledge | UNIT 02 31

Page 46
O Activity 2.21
Reading
One very important source of knowled the learning or knowledge that has noth
from generation to generation.
What is interesting about folklore Wh down, the details may change from areat traditions of the society. It includes tales. beliefs.
Every country has its body of folk In Europe folklore became a serious study Sociologists study folklore, Jacob and W. known in Germany and compiled them as
Childrenis and Household Tāles, This was plu
from all other lands.
When we read stories about these lands climate, the animals and the living conditi fire in many lands. Aladdin struck a match borrow some fire / light. The story of the
the cold wintry evenings.
These stories influence our lives too. Th
love of these stories. The bears in these ta attitude to bears is totally absent in other in two different lands. There is a story in Bertolt Brecht in A Caucasian Chale Circle
Some habits customs and taboos, that
The use of lime and turmeric for cleansing
In ancient times when a person died an
sprinkled with turmeric water. People retl
32 UNIT 02 Sources of knowledge

Folklore
e is folklore. Lore means learning. Folklore is
een written down. It has been passed down orally
le the main body of knowledge is passed
area. They are bound up with the customs and
legends, oral history, proverbs, jokes and popular
lore. Agricultural societies were full of folklore.
in the 19th century with the rise of nationalism. Then Grinn collected the stories and legends one book. The English translation is known as
blished in 1812. Now we can read lots of tales
we can learn about the nature of the land, the ons of the tine. There are many stories about 1. That was magic. Amal Biso went to a house to Little Match i els how she sold matches in
a popularity of the teddy bears comes from the les are like human beings, kind and gentle. This Kultures, Soneties a simila story may be told Jnaga Jataka very similar to he story told by
is things you must not do, also are parts of folklore
is one such example.
d the dead body was taken out, the place was
Irning from a funeral would rub themselves

Page 47
with lime. It is now known that lime and turmeric imes in Sri Lanka people going into forests, or CI break a sprig and hang it on a tree. It was conside od of the area. However the Custom had a very si lying on these trees would indicate the path to thi lot observe the rites of god Aiyanayaka you woul
ear of god would have made people not to forget
Activity 2.24 > Comprehension S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Reading
01. What is the meaning of folklore? 02. How is this knowledge passed down? 03. Which Societies Would have a store of folklore? 04. What is the significance of the Brothers Grimm? 05. What are the examples of stories related to "fire? 06. How have teddy bears become toys? 07. What is the play Written by Bertolt Brecht? 08. What are the two Customs mentioned regarding 'funeral 09. How is Aiynayaka described here? 10. What is therite observed in entering aforest? 11. What is the significance of this Custom 2.
O Activity 2.25 > Pair work S S S S
Speaking / Writing
There are important events in one's life when def occasions certain things are not done and, Certai Examples are Conducting ceremonies for marriag observances etc. Decide with your partner an occasion like that. The words you may need; never, always, make SU inauspicious. First practise the description of the event in the ( writing book. Use the Simple Present Tense. You may begin. Most people avoid the Rahu time or inauspicious

have disinfecting properties. In ancient issing onto an unknown land would *d as an offering to Aiyanayaka, a local gnificant use or meaning. The sprigs
traveller. So, the belief that if you did be lost, has a real meaning. Perhaps the
to take this very essential precaution.
houses?
inite customs are followed. On these n things have to be done.
es, deaths, chanting of pirith, religious
re, avoid, first, do not, prevent, auspicious,
orrect order, then copy it on to your
time to begin any work of importance.
Sources of knowledge UNIT O2 33

Page 48
O Activity 2.26
Reading
Dont Quit Try and try again and you will succeed
When things go wrong as they sometimes will, When the road you're trudging seems all uphill, When the funds are low and the debts are high And you want to smile, but you have to sigh, When care is pressing you down a bit,
Rest, if you must, but don't you quit.
Life is queer with its twists and turns, As everyone of us sometimes learns, And many a failure turns about When he might have won had he stuck it out; Don't give up though the pace seem slow
You may succeed with another blow.
Success is failure turned inside out The silver tint of the cloud of doubt, And you can never tell how close you are, It may be near when it seems so far; So Stick to the fight when you're hardest hitIt's when things seem worst that you must not
qиit.
34 UNIT 02 Sources of knowledge

Discuss and Write
A. Make a list of all the situations when we should not give up. One is done for you. We should not quit when things go wrong.
B. What do the following lines mean?
Discuss in the class.
Life is queer with its twists and turns.
Success is failure turned inside out.
So stick to the fight when you're hardest hit.
C. Read the poem aloud. Note the regular beat of the rhyming words at the end of every line. Do they make the poem
sound more appealing?
D. Match A with B
A.
failure turned inside out
stuck it out
the clouds of doubt trudging
twists and turns
you're hardest hit
walking in a tired manner
unexpected changes
a person who has failed
did not give in
negative feelings about one's ability
you're facing great problems

Page 49
Activity 2.27 > Pair Work S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Reading
Ingagothere WeretWO brothers. They lived in the village. e elder was known as Maha Gamaya, meaning the Big lage, and the younger, Podi Gamaya-the Small Villages. ey had a Chena Cultivation in the jungle and took Ins to keep Watch. On this Cultivation. Once it Was Maha maya's turn to keep Watch. On the Cultivation, Podi Gamaya ticed that When he returned home, he looked tired, and eless. His eyes Were bleary, as if he lacked sleep, and he emed Very hungry by morning.
Odi Gamaya asked him if anything Was the matter"No" he id"I'm all right" he muttered Weakly. A few days passed by aha Gamaya SeemeditObelOSing Weight. SO, POdi Gamaya ade inquiries, "What's the matter, brother? Can See yOU Vea problem. Why Can't yOutell me?"
t Was t00 much for Maha Gamaya "0 yOUnger birOther a Said, "you don't know What go through. You Can't even nagine. As I go to the Watch hut, a Yaka Comes and sits in lehut. He OpenS my packet Office, and eats it with glee. He Oesn't even leave a morse for me. Then he stretches himself, ndte|5 meto Scratch him. Í don't geta Wink of Sleep“
mm... is that So?" said Podi Gamaya. "Tomorrow Will O. You Stay at home". He went late. He had spent time, aStening the hedges, and Setting traps for the Wild boars hat eat the yams. "Oh, my my "he yawned Wide and loud She Went into the Watch hut Saying, "I COUld eat the very evil". Now the Yaka Was lying On the WOOden Structure hey used for a bed, and On hearing Podi Gamaya's intention feating him up (as he thought) he started Shivering in fear. O, forgive mesis, "I do anything you please, let me go in eace, don't eat me up, please don't" he pleaded.
We
[Uss)
"Wh:
POdi
Said,
Gam thirt yielc
Very Yaka
Said
6The
POd
 

y Well,Said Podi Gamaya, much pleased with the of events. He had not expected Such an easy Victory. it will you do, if let yOU free?, Podi Gamaya asked. Gamaya had n0 idea of hOW t0 punish the Yaka. "O sir, the Yaka, "I'll get you a Sack of paddy everyday"Podi aya pretended to think hard. A Sack of Daddy a day, y Sacks for a month. That is about all the grain his Chena ed for six months. All right, he said, pretending to be kind, And make Sure you don't fail ' Yes, Sir, Said the "Bring itin the morning, and || Will shOWyOu my hOUSe, Podi Gamaya.
folloWing morning Maha Gamaya Was sh0cked to See Gamaya followed by the Yaka Carrying a Sack On his
Sources of knowledge UNIT 02 35

Page 50
Shoulders. The Yaka dropped the Sack in the Compound and departed. Podi Gamaya related What happened.
"Several days later the Yaka brought tWOSacks of paddy.
He explained Why I'm notable to Come tomorrow, as I've to 90 to a meeting. Podi Gamaya found Out the details of the place and time of the meeting. Then he decided to go to the meeting.
He Went With Maha Gamaya. They went early and Settled
down. On the branches of a tree.
The meeting was to be under the tree. The Yakas came for the meeting, in tWOS, threes, and sometimes in OneS Or in grOUDS. Maha Gamaya got frightened at the sight of the Yakas and climbed higher. Each one had brought Something, fruits, Vegetables, yams, grain and Other products. It was Clear that they were going to share the harvest.
As the leader came all the Yakaslet out a shout Maha Gamaya got 50 frightened that he started trembling. The tree Sh00k, Which made the Yakas look Up, Maha Gamaya WaSSO frightened that he fell On the Yakas, 'Hold'said 'Pod Gamaya, "hold him elder brother, I'm Coming Don't let them Q0. Catch the biggest"
The Yakas got Sofrightened that they ran away, Maha Gamaya and Podi Gamaya Collected the harvest that Wasbrought, and lived happily ever after.
36 UNIT 02 | Sources of knowledge

O Activity 2.28 > Comprehension S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Writing
Paragraph (1)
1. Combine the first 3 Sentences in paragraph 1
aS One SentenCe.
2. List the Words that describe Maha Gamaya.
Paragraph (2)
Act Out the paragraph. Begin with Podi Gamaya asking the question directly from Maha Gamaya. Then Continue the dialogue.
Paragraph (3)
Summarise what the Maha Gamaya Said. Do not use his Words directly.
Paragraph (4)
List the actions that Podi Gamaya did until he met the Yaka in hi5 hut. What is the meaning of Podi Gamaya's Words that he could eat the Very devil?"
Paragraph (5)
Roleplay the dialogue between the Yaka and Podi Gamaya.
Paragraph (6)
Practise the dialogue betWeen Maha Gamaya and Podi Gamaya. Use their Words directly as they would have spoken.
Paragraph (7)
Why did the Yaka bring two Sacks of paddy? Ask the questions Podi Gamaya Would have asked Of the Yaka.
Paragraph (8)
Write the paragraph in the present tense.
Paragraph (9)
What kind of a perSonis Podi Gamaya? Why do youthink SO2

Page 51
Teenagers & Entertainm All Work and no play makes Jack a dull bo
O language Focus
Language Functions
1. Expressing conditions (
- A team can score when...
2. Suggesting
-Let's find out. -Let's go visiting. ( -Why don't we organize a photographic
exhibition ? -Why don't we...?
3. Introducing
- I'm pleased to introduce. - He's the bearer of this letter.
4. Providing information
- five per team - Bangalore is famous for kantha art.
Please do not write anything in this book.
 

ent:
Grammar
)1. Infinitive form of the verb
-The music teacher helped them to select
the music -...a friend promised to join in for a duet.
)2. Verb "be' as a linking verb
-The dealers were very pleased. -Suvimali was a good vocalist.
)3. Adjectives
a. Premodifying adjectives
-A fiat short man may need... -Let's do a professional programme. b. Predicative adjectives -The students were very happy. -They were so good.
04. Post Positive Adjectives
-...such as the colours most suitable.
-... they found it hard and dull.
Use your writing book for writing.

Page 52
Teenage All Work and
O Activity 3.1
Reading
The school was celebrating the 50th annive Every grade could select an item to show ti parents some special thing about the school to make some money towards the school fi
Grade Eights selected Useful Hobbies. Grade Nines selected An Exhibition. Grade Tens selected Entertainment.
They prepared a programme of entertainme and called it Teen Entertainment.
One item was music. There were students among themselves and decided to form from home. They met the music teache the music. They selected some old favo lies over the Ocean, Clementine and theme song, from the film The Titanic,
They also selected some popular Sinhala a singer. She could sing well. But she was Padma promised to join in. The music te dull and boring. But they practised hard, filled with a sense of joy. They learnt to learnt one English song. The Happy War Padma practised the Tamil song, Sinna
38 UNIT 03 Teenagers & Entertainment

ers & Entertainment
no play makes Jack a dull boy
'rsary. heir 1. They had
und too.
S who could play instruments. The friends talked h a band. They brought their own instruments r. The music teacher helped them to select purites like, ”Whispering Hope”, “My Bonny Some modern ones: "Country Roads, and the
My heart will go on.
nd Tamil light songs. Suvimali was a good shy. She agreed to sing only when her friend acher trained them to sing. At first they found it
and their voices harmonized. Then they were sing parts of the song at different pitches. They nderer and one Sinhala Song, Ratna Dipa Sinna aasai.

Page 53
Hassan could play the rhythm guitar quite Well, be able to play well by ear. The friends were
They decided to do a souvenir for the program to the items in the programme. They would also instruments. Then they would make the event
Activity 3.2 > Comprehension S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Reading Complete the sentences by choosing the corr Write the completed sentences in your writing
1. The Grade Eight students wanted 4,
(a) to organize an exhibition. (b) to organize a musical show.
(c) to present useful hobbies.
2. The Grade 10 students decided to 5.
have a Band for the occasion because
(a) they had a music teacher. (b) they had their own musical
instruments.
(c) some of them could play well.
3. They selected the music
(a) on their own. (b) with the teacher's help.
(c) from other lands.
O Activity 3.3 S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Writing
Describe any event you have taken part at a sch

He practised for long, so that he would sery happy with their success.
me. They would write short introductions
provide some information on the Admission by Souvenir.
act Word group from among (a), (b) or (c).
book.
Suvimali agreed to sing because
(a) she was a good singer. (b) the friends persuaded her. (c) the teacher told her to.
Hassan practised the guitar
(a) to the accompaniment of the base guitar. (b to be able to support the singers. (c) because he couldn't play any other
instrument.
They decided to design a souvenir
a) to use as an admission ticket. b) to give information on the music. c) because some of them could draw
very well.
ool concert or a school competition.
Teenagers & Entertainment | UNIT 03 39

Page 54
O Activity 3.4
Reading
OIC STUI ( Teen Fas fashion maga They wrote tc display their offered the cl discount. The
Nalini b.
Her mother we
Nalini with the of different types of collars and sleeves. She sewed her own clothes. They were s got them tailored.
The stall also provided information or provided information on how to select
suitable for different occasions and time
40 UNIT 03 |Teenagers & Entertainment
 

ոage Styles
lents of Grade 10 decided to put up a stall for hions. They collected sample designs from zines. They had clothes for both girls and boys.
some well known stores asking them to wear. The dealers were very pleased, and even othes at a discount. The school could keep the students were very happy. rought some of her own designs. as a good seamstress. She had helped
N
designs. She had provided samples
Bishop
Nalini herself was good at sewing. Sleeve
o good that people thought she had
a fabric types and designs. They also clothes, such as the colours most
s of the day.

Page 55
O Activity 3.5 SS MS
| Writing Write in your writing book, the letter the stu them to display their products.
Recall the instructions given on writing letter
i. Address with date ii. Addressee v. Paragraphs Paragraph 1- purpose of writi the subject. Paragraph 3- what is expected Paragraph 4- asking for a resp.
vi. Complementary clause. vii. Sender's sign
O Activity 3.6 SS
Writing
Imagine that you are going to have a musica
public places. Include the following:
caption /venue / date / time / name of the n
O Activity 3.7 —
Writing
GRAMMAR to infinitive When verbs are followed by another verb m preceded by 'to. e.g. A friend promised to join in for a duet.
Now complete each sentence with an appro
sing / give / pa
1. Don't forget the posters at e 2. There was a lot of traffic but we managed 3. Sansith has decided with D 4, Parents agreed the necessary s
5. The musical show will be held

ents wrote to the textile dealers, inviting
s. There are 08 parts. iii. Salutation iv. Ref/ Title of letter ng the letter. Paragraph 2- information on /what action is required. onses thanking as required.
ature viii. Name
il show. Design a poster to be displayed in
nusical group / names of popular singers
entioning a purpose, the second verb is
priate to infinitive from the box.
uste / raise / be
very junction.
there on time.
esh.
upport. funds.
Teenagers & Entertainment | UNIT 03 41

Page 56
O Activity 3.8
Reading / Writing
HANDICIRA FOILK ART
Padma provided the following info Embroidered Quilt, kantha from Bau
Do you know embroidery? Do you know what embroidery is?
It is the addition of a pattern or other ornamental effect, to textiles by the use of the needle and thread. The Wonder is that kantha embroidery uses only the simplest of Stitches, the running stitch!
The state of Bengal is famous for kantha art. Kantha actually means "embroidered quilt. The embroidered quilts of Bangalore are wonderful in their beauty, colour and design.
The Sanskrit word "kantha means rags. It is a cottage industry, and is also a form of folk art. There are two types of embroidery. In one the old, discarded cotton Sarees or dhotis are put one on top of the other and are quilted and embroidered. The other is q
The colours used for this embroidery are for the three basic aspects of nature - earth, flowers, creepers, foliage, floral scrolls and
Today the kantha embroidery is famous are priced possessions now. They are foun The village women spend a great deal of
42 UNIT 03 |Teenagers & Entertainment

FTS OR ਹੈ।
mation on Indian Designs. ngalore
uilted by using discarded cotton bedspreads. black, deep blue and red. These colours stand sky and space. The designs used are of lotus animal and human figures. Ill around the globe. The old kantha designs | on sleek shawls, sarees and bags. time and care in getting the perfect designs.

Page 57
O Activity 3.9 > Comprehension > Pair S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Reading / Writing
Find short answers for the following questions.
Then write the answers in complete sentences i
a. Ol.
O2.
O3.
04.
O5.
06.
O7.
O8.
Who brought the information ? What is the country mentioned? Explain the word 'embroidery. What is the stich used in kantha? What is the origin of the word kantha Mention the colours used. What do th What kind of designs are used? Who do the hardwork required for kan
b. 09. Would you say that from rags to riche 10. Are cloth/clothes with these quilted d
O Activity 3.10
. Writing
Write a description of kantha embroidery
in your writing book. You may use the
following organization.
- What is kantha embroidery?
- the women who do the embroidery.
- The people for whom it is done.
- The (little) money they make.
- The relationship of the motifs to
the lifestyle of the society.

VOrk
n your writing book.
'? What does it mean?
ey represent?
Intha ? s', is a good title for this? Why?
esigns cheap? Give reasons for your answer.
O Activity 3.11
Learn about the colours and the designs of the Dumbara mats in our country. Write the information in your writing book. You may be able to get the information from the library, the museum or your art teacher. Imagine you visits live in Dumbara, you want to ask the villagers how they make the mats. Write the questions you may ask in your writing book.
Teenagers & Entertainment UNIT 03 43

Page 58
O Activity 3.12 > Comprehension
SS
I Reading
Kabadi - The most popular game in South
Players :14-two teams of seven players i
Selection :by age and weight
Reserves :five per team
Area :field /court -12.5m X 10m (hal
Time :45 minutes: two twenty-minut
Officials Seven officials sup
linesmen, a timek
Goal to tag / wrestle / c bring them home
Points Each time a player A team can Score Opposing team is The bonus points
Rules Raiders/players n
the tagging.
Chant Word Raiders must keep
breathing. The cha guddo in Sri Lanka chado-guddo in M
Play At the Start the tW field. At halftime t
To play the teams side. Raiders 'tag (
Once they are bro field. The opposite a chain, link hands the defending tea member of the op
(a) by going ove
play.
(b) when any pa Outside the bo
44 UNIT 03 |Teenagers & Entertainment

Asia and South East Asia.
in each.
f the size of a basketball court)
e halves, five minutes halftime
ervise a match:one referee, two umpires, two eeper and a Scorer.
apture members from the opposite team, and
is out, the opposing team earns a point. a bonus of two points, when the whole declared out.
are called, a lona.
hust not take a breath during the raid, during
chanting to prove that they are not unt-Word is kabaddi in India and Pakistan, , hududu in Bangladesh, do-do in Nepal, alaysia, and techib in Indonesia.
o teams occupy the opposite halves of the they change sides.
take turns sending a "raider' to the opposite or capture members.
ught home, they are 'out', and sent off the
side must defend its players. They can form etc. If the chain is broken, a member of m is sent out. When not struggling with a posing team a player can also get "out";
r a boundary line during the course of the
rt of the player's body touches the ground Oundary.

Page 59
O Activity 3.13 > Group work
| - ბ. ་་ ვაი აა ა.
Speaking
Grade 10 students had other ideas. Read the C statements given below, and write them as
a conversation among three students. (the statements are jumbled here)
Copy the conversation on to your writing book.
(1) Shall we have an evening of Kabadi
We can get the players to buy tickets.
(3) Well, we can teach them how to play.
(2) But I don't know how to play Kabadi.
Do you think others would know?
(4) We can prepare a leaflet. It would be
the ticket.
(5) Good. Let's do it.
O Activity 3.15 > Group work
. ܬܐ ܝܠ: ܡܠ . ܐ
speaking / Writing
Find out from your elders a game they had Copy the headings and complete them in
Games fro
Name of the game: W
Name of reporter:
Name of elder :
Address :
Age :
 
 
 

Activity 3.14 > Comprehension SLLLSSLSSSMSSSLSSSMSSSMSSSS
Writing
liven below is a part of a notice.
NOTICE Come and play
the most popular game in
South and South-East Asia.
Learn to play
the national game of Bangladesh.
Design a notice to promote Kabadi. live date, time, place, to hold a practice amp.
played when they were young. your writing book. Describe the game.
m the Past
/hen the information was collected:
Teenagers & Entertainment UNIT 03 45

Page 60
O Activity 3.16 > Comprehension SMS
Reading
O Activity 3.17
Writing
Find the at in complet
1,Ho
Write about Netball / Volleyball under head
given on Kabadi on page 44.
O Activity 3.18
In Readings Writing
Write the information given below in your
Countries Other 嗣 India Bangladesh hududu
South Asia kabbadi, Nepal, Malaysia, Japan, Korea, Punjab, Pakistan
46 UNIT 03|Teenagers & Entertainment
 
 
 
 
 
 

swers to the following, and then write them
sentences in your writing book. v many players and officials are required for game kabadi ere can the game kabad be played at do the players have to do? vlong do they really play
at iς α Ιρη α:
cribe how a goal is won
ings as appropriate, similar to the account
writing book as a paragraph.
champions 1972
runners-up National Games 1972
kabadi most popular
playing

Page 61
O Activity 3.19 .
Reading / Speaking
Some of the Grade 10 students wanted to put
- of a more serious type.
This conversation has three lines of thought. (1) The idea that teenagers enjoy only a certain (2) The idea that some teenagers enjoy a more's
(3) The idea that they must do something differ
Read the conversation to yourself first and the
attention to the words in bold type.
Wasantha We should do Something different fo Desh We need to do something which mor Sansith Yes, something that anyone will enjoy Hassan Then, it's not teen entertainment. Suvimali Why not? All teens do not enjoy the Sriyan That's true. I was thinking of a more Hassan Didn't you like the Band we put up? Sriyan I did. But I also thought, that some in Hassan What do you mean? Listening? Sriyan Well, we did not have to listen. The n Hassan You can try. Let's see how many will Suvimali I think I can understand what you wa Sriyan Yes. Let's. Let's do a really good progi Wasantha I'm thinking of something, totally dif
produce a programme.
Suvimali Right. We will do an exhibition.
O Activity 3.20 S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SMSSSS
T. Writing
Write 05 sentencesgiving your opinion on musi

up a show of a different type of music
type of music. erious type of music.
ent for entertainment.
2n read it aloud in a group paying
or the exhibition. e people will enjoy.
r
same type of entertainment.
serious type of music too.
night enjoy listening to music.
music was so loud, we all heard it. 5uy tickets to listen to your music. int. Let's do a programme.
a IIIIC.
ferent. Let me think more on it and
ic in your writing book.
Teenagers & Entertainment UNIT O3 47

Page 62
O Activity 3.21 > Comprehension
Reading / Writing
I system of Indian Music is known as Raga Sangeeth. It can be traced back to nearly 2000 years. The roots of this music are in the vedic hymns of the Hindu temples. It is the origin of all Indian music. As in Western music, the roots of Indian classical music are religious. Music gives a spiritual discipline. It helps a person to understand himself. In the Hindu culture sound is god-nada Brahma. It is a source of discipline. The pupils learn to behave in certain ways. They learn to
concentrate. It is like meditation.
O Activity 3.22 > Comprehension S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Speaking / Writing
Think about a tele-drama that you like. Tell the class about it. You can speak about : Time, day and channel it is telecas Name of the tele-drama The producer Characters
Why you like it and anything else you like to say at
Write in your writing book about the tele-c
48 UNIT 03 |Teenagers & Entertainment

Write the answers in your writing book. 1. How very old is the system of Indian
music? 2. Where does the origin of the music lie? 3. What do you understandby (a) Raga
sangeeth (b) Nada brahma. 4. Write the words that tell you that
music gives discipline.
t On
pout the tele-drama.
irama your friend spoke about to the class.

Page 63
O Activity 3.23 > Pair work S S S S S S S S SMSSSS
I Reading / Writing
Match the information with the 04 pictures. (A
Sarachchandra, George Keyt, Lester James Pieri
your writing book. You may add other informa
Subject Schooling / Training influence and Work
Music, painting Shanthiniketan Rabindra Nat Tagores musi Country/Folk Sri Lanka Knowledge O
Painting Trinity Colleges and self Lionel Wend taught paintings/Bu
Stories
Drama St.Peter's College/University The Buddhis College. The Kabukia of Japan/Sir literature
Film St.Peter's College Lionel Wend
liberal tradit
 

nanda Samarakoon, Ediriweera s). Write the accounts in
tion you know about these people.
.
St.
●Wー、
is on life || Contribution
KS
hTagore/ immortal lyrics that are popular from
C/love of generation to generation. Laid the
Songs of foundation foramusicWithanational
flavour.
fSinhala Lyrics and composition of the National
Anthem
t/Temple The Paintings at the Gothami ddhist Jataka Temple Colomb08
A style particular to the artist, influenced by the local Culture.
tPhilosophy Maname,Sinhabahu and many other Ind the Noh popularplayS. hala classical
t/the Western The first breakaway from the South iOn Indian film, Rekawa, the first film
that had outdoor Scenes/ Gamperatiya/Nidhanaya-introduced a tradition of doing films on popular good fiction.
Teenagers & Entertainment UNIT 03 49

Page 64
O Activity 3.24 > Pair work
Reading
A Visit to the Past
The time was 7.30 in the morning. Th Students walked to the house where the fir pupil of the school lived. The students ha enjoyed the Walk. They had a most enjoy breakfast.
He had boiled manioc, Sweet potatoes, vari his garden. The manioc was fresh, pulled ( the Sweet potatoes. The breadfruit was really normal one with red chillies, and another w also cooked some red rice and made a delici
The coffee was home made. They sipped th coffee trees in bloom. The White flowers fill With the redberries. The coffee was followed the garden.
It was a visit that will not be forgotten.
The students had wanted to know what thi country was like, Seventy years ago. The learnt by experience what it must have been.
Then the host brought out his album. It has photographs of the school, his friends, hi pets and some of the events and the scene of the time. They were all black and whit photographs. They were beautiful. Th students were surprised to see them in such good condition.
"Why don't we organize a photographic exhibition?'asked Wasantha. Everybody agreed. It was a good idea. They decided to
Write to past pupils of the school asking fo photographs.
50 UNIT 03|Teenagers & Entertainment

able breakfast. Their host had prepared a lovely
eties of yam and breadfruit. Everything was from put the previous day. So were the other yams and fine. There were two types of katta Sambal, the rith kochchi. There was scraped coconut. He had ous white coconut gravy for it.
e coffee, sitting out in the Verandah, looking at the 2d the air with the fragrance; the twigs were lined by two large combs of bananas, once again from
Activity 3.25 > Comprehension S S S S S S S S S S S
Writing
a 01. Did the students enjoy the day?
02. List what Was given for breakfast. 03. What did the Students See from the
Verandah?
04. What kind of photographs Werethere? 05. Who proposed the good Idea? What Wasit? b. 06. What do youthink is the most significant
experience? 07. Do youthink they learnt about, what the
COuntry Was like, 70 years ago?
08. Explain the last Sentence in your Own Words.

Page 65
O Activity 3.26
Reading / Writing
Imagine you are one of the participants and writ book. Use the information from "A Visit to the F
(para 1) 01. The time the walk began and the O2. Give a name and an address to th (para 2) 03. Things seen on the walk.
04. A description of the house, veran (para 3) 05. Mention one or two topics of coi 06. Reasons for the host's inability to (para 4) Role play the last conversation w.
goodbye. 07. Write this dialogue as the last par
Notice
Let's go Walking. Start at 6 a.m. on the first Sunday next month. ) Let's observe the hedges,
listen to the chirping of the birds.
Watch Out for the Cattle and
the domestic animals. I
Meet the Occasional villager. Let's find Out what it was in the past.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

e a report on the walk in your Writing last and the Notice given below.
time taken for the walk.
e host.
dah and the garden. versation with the host.
come to the Teen Entertainment.
ith the host as you thank and wish him
agraph of the
The first pupil of our school lives four
miles away.
He cannot come to our Teen
Entertainment, but we can go to see
III.
He's waiting for us. He'll entertain us. ,
Teenagers & Entertainment UNIT 03 51

Page 66
The walk gave the class another idea.
The students wanted to arrange a cycling trip
.ئی
Not everybody had a cycle however. So, the
 ി - discussed the matter, and came up with an idea
They decided to borrow bန်gycles from those whi had. Then they would fix a fee for the hire ofth
cycle. They also decided to ask for contributions for food. .
O Activity 3.28 > Co
mprehension
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Reading
1. Read out the sentence that says there we
not enough cycles.
2. How were they going to get cycles
and food?
3. List the things they did in preparation fo
the cycling trip.
52 UNIT 03 Teenagers & Entertainment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

They had many things to do; draft a letter of request asking for bicycles, decide on hiring charges, write to some caterers asking for contributions regarding food, and decide on the instructions for delivering and handing over the cycles.
First of all they needed a letter of introduction from the school, which they could take to various
places and persons asking for patronage.
Activity 3.29 > P
air Work
Writing
St. A
are Write in your Writing books what you can
do when one of your friends gets a tyre puncture. a. How will the others ahead of you know
about it? b. Will the others continue the trip? c. What could be done about the puncture d. How long may it take to patch a
puncture? e. Where and how is it done?
2

Page 67
O Activity 3.30 > Pair work ! sა —- ს ა – —
Writing
Design a letterhead for your school with the sc Then copy the draft of the letter given below wi sender and details relevant to you.
Dear Well wisher,
I am pleased to introduce , th
He is a student of in
patronage. He will explain the details to you.
You may be already aware that our school is celebrat students have planned many programmes. Their en
I will be pleased with your support in this under
With best wishes,
O Activity 3.31 > Pair work
Writing Describe the picture according to the
following points.
- The subject of the photograph.
– What you can see in the photograph. Si
- The differences / or the similarities
can see now from then.
- Your comments on / feelings about the · ზნე
photograph.
 
 

hool motto, if any, in your writing books.
th date, subject reference, name of
e bearer of this letter.
our school. The school needs your help and
ing its anniversary, and the thusiasm and commitment is commendable.
taking.
Principal
GOING
INTO
Teenagers & Entertainment UNIT 03 53

Page 68
O Activity 3.32
Reading
Past and Present
-THOMAS HOOD
I remember, I remember
The house where I was born, The little window where the Sun
Came peeping in at morn; He never came a wink too soon
Nor brought too long a day; But now, I often wish the night
Had borne my breath away.
I remember, I remember
Αίtempt the answers for these questions wit
01. Describe the house of the poet in your
own words (stanza 1 lines 2-5)
02. What does the poet say of the Sun?
03. What are the flowers he remembers?
(stanza 2 lines 2,3)
04. When was the laburnum tree planted?
05. Do you think the brother is living?
54 UNIT 03 Teenagers & Entertainment
 

The roses, red and white, The violets, and the lily-cups
Those flowers made of light! The lilacs where the robin built,
And where my brother set The laburnum on his birthday
The tree is living yet!
I remember, I remember
Where I was used to Swing,
And thought the air must rush as fresh
To Swallows on the wing: My Spirits flew on feathers then
That is So heavy now, And Summer pools could hardly cool
The fever on my brow
I remember, I remember
The fir tree dark and high ; I used to think their slender tops
Were close against the sky: It was a childish ignorance,
But now 'tis little joy To know I am farther off from Heaven
Than when I was a boy.
h a partner.
06. What is the kind of air he enjoyed as a
young boy:
07. Why did he think of the Swallows then?
08. What did he think of the fir trees when
he was a child?
09. What does he think of his thought?
10. What is the meaning of the last two lines?

Page 69
Man’s Service to Man
"Man's prime duty is to serve manking -S, W R. D. Bandarana
D
Language Functions
01. Introducing yourself O
- I'm the secretary of the social services
Society.
02. Making requests in writing - e.g. The letter on Page 56.
03. Making requests orally
Sir, could you please say briefly how
Sarvodaya ............ victims. O2
04. Presenting facts
- T. B. Jayah was born in Galagedara.
05. Read and respond to literature
- the poem, Upagupta.
Please do not write anything in this book. Ust

Grammar
... The Noun Phrase
a. as subject
- the management is decentralized. b. as direct object
- Studies have recorded 147 species of
birds.
c. as subject complement
-There were thickets of bamboo trees.
2. Adverbial Clauses of
Time - After passing the London
Matriculation Examination, he became a teacher. Purpose - We took immediate action
to provide immediate urgent humanitarian assistance.
Place - That's where I started many Social
Services Projects.
e your writing book for writing.

Page 70
Man’s “Man’s p
O Activity 4.1
.
Reading
A request for an appointment.
The Secretary, Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement, Rawattawatta,
Moratuwa.
Dear Sir/ Madam,
I am the secretary of the Social Servi Kalutara. I would like to have an app of the Sarvodaya Shramadana Movel Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement o I am planning to Write an article to th and the Sarvodaya Movement.
Thank you.
Yours sincerely, Desh Mitthva
56 UNIT 04 Man's Service to Man
 

Service to Man
rime duty is to serve mankind' --S.W. R. D. Bandaranalike
Tissa Central College, Kalutara. 2nd July 2006.
ce Society of Tissa Central College, Iointment with Dr. A.T. Ariyaratne, President ment, to gather some information on the f Sri Lanka. Le class magazine about Dr. A.T.Ariyaratne

Page 71
O Activity 4.2 > Pair work
Speaking / Writing
Ask questions from your partner to get the
Ouestion : Who has written this letter? AnSWer : Desh Mithva has written the lette
1.
Dr. Ariyaratne is the President of the
2.
Mithva is the Secretary of the Social
Mithva is planning to Write an article Movement.
He requests an appointment.
5.
He wants to meet Dr. A. T. Ariyaratn
He has written this letter to the Secre
O Activity 4.3
I Writing
Mithva received a letter from the Secretary
Mithva has been given an appointment Date : 2nd October 2006
Time : 11.30 a.m. Place : Meth Madura, Rawatawatta, MoI
Write the letter that Mithva received from the sec

underlined phrases as answeres.
Sarvodaya Movement.
Service Society.
: about the Sarvodaya Shramadana
의.
:tary, the Sarvodaya Movement
of the Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement
at UWa.
Cretary in your writing book.
Man's Service to Man | UNIT 04 57

Page 72
O Activity 4.4 - Reading
Desh : Good morning, sir.
Dr. Ariyaratne: Good morning.
Desh : Sir, I’m the secretary of the Social Ser about the Sarvodaya Shramadana MoVe
biggest Shramadana Movement. Shallw
D. R. Ar 1 AR YAR
THE LANKA AT KA SA
S HRAMA DANA MO
Dr. Ariyaratne : I joined the staff of Nalanc Venerable Ananda Maithriya had forme
President.
Desh : What made you think of developing
Dr. Ariyaratne : I was in the habit of trave
free time. I used to discuss with the students, themselves suggested that we s
Kanatoluwa, in the Kurunegala district.
Desh : Who joined you in this project?
Dr. Ariyaratne : Some students and teach College and officials of the Rural Devel worked with the people of the village a
wells, made furniture and developed the
Desh : Sir, wasn't it a revolution?
Dr. Ariyaratne : Yes. This was the beginnin
58 UNIT 04 | Man's Service to Man
 

vice Society in our school. I want to write an article 'ment and how you developed it to be the world's
estart from the time you started life as a teacher?
RESIDEN
la College, Colombo as a trained teacher. Already
id the Social Service League. I was made the Vice
a village?
ling to under-developed villages, whenever I got students, the problems these villagers faced. The
hould help them. So we started our first project at
That was a backward village.
ers of Nalanda College, trainees of the Teachers' opment Department. This was our first camp. We ld, constructed a school for the children. We dug I village step by step.
g of a revolution to develop the under-privileged

Page 73
villages. We worked to bring people together
Desh: Who inspired you in your service to huma
Dr. Ariyaratne : The first and the foremost is the thinking of Mahathma Gandhi, and Dr. Viini
Desh: Over four decades have passed since the K
the Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement now
Dr. Ariyaratne : Sarvodaya Shramadana Moven service organizations today. We have Over 46
districts. We have numerous village reawaker
Desh: Sir, how do you manage such a vast organi
Dr. Ariyaratne: The management is decentralize the WHO, UNESCO, UNICEF, ILO and
Desh: Sir, could you please say briefly how Sar
Tsunami victims ?
Dr. Ariyaratne: We took immediate action to pro tents, mats, generators, water tanks and put
powder for children and infants.
Desh : Sir, you have been given many awards by recognition of your Service to uplift the und
Some, please ?
 

paying no heed to race, Caste or Creed.
unity ?
e teachings of the Buddha. Next come the oba Bhave.
anatoluwa camp. What is the position of
nent is among the world's largest voluntary 00 registered shramadana Societies, in all the
ling programmeS.
zation? Who finances these activities 2
d. We are helped by local philanthropists and
many other foreign organizations.
vodaya brought about relief measures to the
vide urgent humanitarian assistance. We gave
mps, clothes and food items, including milk
7 local and foreign organizations. They are in
erprivileged communities. Can you mention
Man's Service to Man | UNIT 04 59

Page 74
Dr. Ariyaratne : Sri Jayawardhanapura Uni 15 International Awards have been cond Award for Community leadership. King
and Korea are among other Countries, t
Desh : Thank you sir, you have spent a lot o
Dr. Ariyaratne: You're welcome!
O Activity 4.5 > Comprehension
I Writing
Answer the following questions in yol a. 1. What position did Dr. Ariyaratn
Nalanda College? What did hedo when he was fre
What did the students want to d In which way did the Sarvodaya Why do you think he described
Do you think selecting Kanatolu
was a good decision?
7. How did he start the Sarvodaya
O Activity 4.6 Fill in the blanks w
Writing are taken from Th
to uplift/reliefs gather information/inspired)
. The government provided to th . The principal's talk, “Be of Service to othe . The Gramaseva Niladaris
. Sansith is in doing his ho
. The teacher asked the secretary
1.
2
3
4. 5. He became a good cricketer by learning t 6
7. The volunteers served the li
8
. Martin Wickramasinghe is the
60 UNIT 04 | Man's Service to Man

rersity has awarded me a Doctorate. Since 1967, erred on me. The first was the Ramon Magsaysay Boudewyn Award was another. USA, Japan, India,
lat recognized our services and gave us awards.
fyour valuable time with me. Thank you.
ur writing book.
e hold in the Social Service League at
?ص
O?
come to the aid of the Tsunami victims? the condition of those villagers to the students?
wa for development by Dr. Ariyaratne
Award Fund?
rith the words / phrases in the box. These e meeting with Dr. A.T. Ariyaratne.
Step by Steps to say briefly/foremost / the habit of e people made homeless by the floods.
rs, – the Students.
about the problems faced by the farmers. me work before going to play.
he game
about the programme of the meeting. ving Conditions of the poor.
Sri Lankan novelist of his period.

Page 75
O Activity 4.7 > Pair work
Reading / Writing
a. Prepare a write up about Dr. A. T. Ariya the information given in the interveiw. )
b. Read your write up to the class or excha
c. Select 03 good compositions and put th
O Activity 4.8 > Pair work
na Writing
Complete the passage filling in the blanks v
Write in your writing book.
Vinoba Bhave lived — madeo
2. 3.
with meditation.
From the audience people got up and offered him
of acres. He gave this land to the villagers
7 -
. Vinoba workers went from door to do
9. was devoted —. Some came
than 35,000 miles on pada yathra. This is how th
in a hut ... until 4.30 a.m.
from village to village ... for his advice
to help and to advise

ratne for the class magazine using (ou may add any other facts you know.
nge books and read.
em on the class notice board.
with the phrases given below.
ut of mud. He started his day at 3
he addressed his audience
land ranging to thousands
Then he began his walk or — the villagers. The evening
9. From 1951 to 1960 he had walked more
e Boodan movement was built.
in the morning to receive visitors after meditation from quarter acre for community living
Man's Service to Man | UNIT 04 61

Page 76
O Activity 4.9 > Reading
the Lo
Colleg Colleg Colom
Zahira
of Mu of Zahira College, Colombo. There were onl
dedication and selfdess service, he was able ti
leading schools in the country. Many philant develop the school in every aspect.
During the Second world war, T.B. Jayah es Matale, Aluthgama and Puttlam. After the became independent schools. Through his opening new avenues for education.
In 1924, T. B. Jayah was appointed to til communities. He worked in unison with the
From 1936 to 1947, he served in the State status he represented the Colombo Central Labour and Social Service. He joined hands wi In 1950 he was appointed as the High Com 1960, falling ill on a pilgrimage to Mecca, the by every Sri Lankan, specially for his contrib
his service to education.
62 UNIT 04 | Man's Service to Man
 

T. B. Jayah
i. Jayah was born in Galagedara on 1st January After his primary education, his family moved to bo and he was admitted to S. Thomas' College, vinia for his Secondary Education. After passing Indon Matriculation Examination he became a ... While being a teacher, he passed the London
xamination. . Jayah began his teaching career at Dharmaraja e, Kandy. Next he taught at Prince of Wales e, Moratuwa and later at Ananda College, bo. He was one of the founder members of College, Colombo. As a result of the requests slim leaders he assumed duties as the principal y six teachers at the time. Through his devotion, O bring up Zahira College, to the level of other hropists helped him with the funds necessary, to
tablished branches of Zahira College in Gampola, war these schools developed on their own and
vision and efforts he served his community by
he Legislative Council to represent the minority : members who represented other communities. Council. When Sri Lanka was given Dominion Electorate. He was appointed the Minister of ith other leaders in the struggle for Independence. missioner for Sri Lanka in Pakistan. He died in : holiest place for all Muslims. He is remembered
ution towards the struggle for independence and

Page 77
O Activity 4.10 > Comprehension
Writing
Complete the sentences by selecting the ri Write the sentences in your writing book.
1.T.B. Jayah came to Colombo because
a. he wanted to live in Colombo. b. he wanted to join S. Thomas' College,
Mt. Lavinia.
C. his parents came to live in Colombo.
2. He became a teacher
a. after his secondary education. b. to study for the B.A. Examination.
C. to continue his studies.
3. He became the principal of Zahira
College because a. he was ambitious.
c. he did not like to be a teacher. C. those who pioneered the Muslim
education made a strong request to him.
4. When he assumed duties as the principal,
he found that a. Zahira College was already among the
leading schools in Colombo. b. through dedication and hard work, he
could make it a leading school. c. with little effort, he could make it a
leading school.
 

ght answer.
5. He expanded Muslim Education a by assisting the schools in other
districts. b. by opening up new schools.
C. by helping his community.
6. After becoming a member of
the Legislative Council, a. he developed only his community. b. he fought for the rights of his community.
C. he worked together with other members.
7. He is remembered by Sri Lankans
because a. he was a great educationist. b. he was the High Commissioner for Sri
Lanka in Pakistan.
C. he was a politician.
O Activity 4.11 > Pair work
Writing
Give in point form the bio-data of T.B. Jayah. Write in your writing book.
Man's Service to Man | UNIT 04 63

Page 78
е
Activity 4.12 > Pair Work
Reading / Writing
Write an article to the newspapers on Sir
Make use of the information given below
O1
O3.
04.
O5.
06.
O7.
O8.
O9.
born on 14th September 1853.
O2.
secondary education at Colombo Academy.
bright student. won a scholarship to Cambridge University. wanted to be a lawyer. joined the Civil Service, as the first Sri Lankan Civil Servant. had administrative and judicial
powers. magistrate, district judge. prestigious position, Registrar
General.
64 UNIT 04 | Man's Service to Man
 

Pon nambalam Arunachalam.
... Write in your writing book.
10.
11
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26
only Whites held this post. for eminent service he was made a knight.
retired in 1913. unhappy about the Colonial Rulers. wrote critical articles to Ceylon Observer. no longer a government servant, free to express his views.
1915 riots.
Sinhala leaders were harassed. petitioned to Colonial Secretary against arrests, killings and imprisoning.
man of high integrity, honesty. founder member and president - Lanka National Congress. Lanka Workers' Congress - President. safeguarded Railway and Port workers.
initiated adult education - night schools for adults. wanted the mother tongue to be the State Language.
worked in the freedom struggle. died on 9th January 1924.

Page 79
O Activity 4.13 > Pair work
Reading
Read the points given below about
Dr. C. W. W. Kannangara
01.
born on October 13, 1884.
02, primary education at Weslyan English
O3.
04.
O5.
High School. Secondary education at Richmond College, Galle. Passed Cambridge Senior in 1901.
fine sportsman - captained the Richmond
Cricket team, won colours in football.
became a teacher - Richmond College, Galle. Prince of Wales College, Moratuwa. Wesley College, Colombo. Methodist College, Colombo,
passed the law examinations.
started practising law in Galle, in 1910.
06. married Edith Weerasuriya in 1922.
07. entered politics in 1919.
O8.
O9.
became the president of the Ceylon National Congress, elected as the member for Galle under the
Donoughmore Constitution in 1931.
appointed the first Minister of Education
in the State Council.
introduced the Free Education Bill
in the State Council - recommended free education from kindergarten to
University Education.

10, the bill came into operation in 1945.
11. Some main features
1. no school fee will be charged in
Government and Assisted Schools. 2. taught in the mother tongue in the
primary classes - mother tongue or English in the secondary classes. 3. English was made a Compulsory subject. 4. Compulsory education from 5 - 16 years.
5. religious education provided to all. 6. mid-day meals for needy children.
12, in 1961, honoured with an LLD by the University of Ceylon. D. LITT by the Vidyodaya University.
13. death - September 23, 1969.
14. lovingly called, "Father of Free Education".
Man's Service to Man | UNIT 04 65

Page 80
O Activity 4.14 > Group work
I Writing Write a biography of Dr. C. W. W. F Divide the class into 6 groups and ass page to the groups as shown below.
1 1 - 3
2 4 - 5
3. 7 - 8
0. Each group should write a paragraph
Give a title to the paragraph.
0 Read the paragraph you have written
6 Put the paragraphs together, starting
biographical note. Copy down the CO
O Activity 4.15 > Comprehension
Writing Read the passage on C. W. W. Kannangal questions in your writing book.
What were his achievements in school ? Why did he give up teaching?
When did he become a representative of What was his greatest contribution to th How did the Universities recognize his S. People call him "the Father of Free Educ
66 UNIT 04 | Man's Service to Man

Kannangara ign the points as given on the previous
4. 9 - 1 O
11
6 12 - 14
making use of the information given.
to the class. Start with the first group.
with group one and complete the
imposition in your writing books.
ra again. Write answers to the following
the people 2 e nation ?
ervice to the nation ?
ation". Do you think it is right to call him so?

Page 81
O Activity 4.16 > Comprehension
Reading
Find answers to these questions while
reading the poem.
O. What time of the day is it?
Which line SaySSO?
2. Where Was Upagupta sleeping? I
Write down the phrases that SaySO.
3 Who Came to him?
What are the Words that describe this person?
0 What did she say to him?
What are her Words?
9 What Washis reply?
What are his Words?
0 What Was the SeaSOn?
What changes have Come in nature?
2. Where Was Upagupta?
What is the line that SaySSO?
8. Where was the dancing girl lying?
Which lines describe her Condition/plight? S
9 What did Upagupta do?
Read Out the lines.
0 What did the WOman ask?
What Was Upagupta's reply?
0 What do you learn from this poem?

UPAGUPTA
UPAGUPTA, the disciple of Buddha lay asleep on the dust by the city wall of Mathura. Lamps were all out, doors were all shut, and stars were all hidden by the murky sky of August. Whose feet were those tinkling with anklets, touching his breast of a sudden? He woke up startled, and a light from a woman's lamp struck his forgiving eyes. It was the dancing-girl, starred with jewels, clouded with a pale-blue mantle, drunk with the wine of her youth. She lowered her lamp and saw the young face, austerely beautiful. Forgive me, young ascetic, said the woman; graciousy come to my house. The dusty earth is not a fit bed for you. The ascetic answered, Woman, go on your way; when the time is ripe I will come to you." uddenly the black night showed its teeth in
a flash of lightning.
The branches of the wayside trees were aching with blossom. Gay notes of the flute came floating in the warm spring air from afar.
The citizens had gone to the woods,
Man's Service to Man | UNIT 04 67

Page 82
O
C兹 * ーベ
Activity 4.17 > Pair work
Speaking
Discuss the meanings of the lines
below. Pay attention to the underlined
words. You may use a dictionary.
01.
02.
O3.
04.
O5.
06.
07.
O8.
O9.
10.
O
stars were all hidden by the murky sky. tinkling with anklets. starred with jewels.
he woke startled. drunk with the wine of youth. black night showed its teeth. notes of the flute came floating. from the mid-sky gazed the full moon.
Sleepless plaint. body spotted with Sores.
Activity 4.18 > Group Work
Reciting
Recite the poem aloud in groups. Each
group may read parts of the poem.
68 UNIT 04 | Man's Service to Man
 

to the festival of flowers. From the mid-sky gazed the full moon on the shadows of the silent town. The young ascetic was walking in the lonely street, while overheard the love-sick koils urged from the mango branches
- their sleepless plaint. Upagupta passed through the city gates, and stood at the base of the rampart. What woman lay in the shadow of the wall at his feet, struck with the black pestilence, her body spotted with Sores, hurriedly driven away from the town? The ascetic sat by her side, taking her head on his knees, and moistened her lips with water and smeared her body with balm. Who are you, merciful one?' asked the woman. The time, at last, has come to visit you,
and I am here, replied the young ascetic.
RABINDRANATH TAGORE

Page 83
Clubs and Associations We meet, We talk, We serve.
D language Focus
Language Functions
01. Inviting (
Notice on page 70. - All members are requested to be
present. - I shall now invite Dr. Ranjith Cooray
to speak.
02. Conducting a meeting. (
Meeting on page 79.
03. Describing the activities of a club.
- Rotary Club; -page 83. (
04. Expressing willingness and happiness
to work with others. - I am happy to be associated with the
Interact Club of your school. (
Please do not write anything in this book.
 

Grammar
)1. Passive Voice.
- a committee meeting of the above Schools and Sumanabedda Maha Vidyalaya was held to discuss. - Since there was no other business,
the meeting was adjourned.
2. Direct Speech.
I am happy to be associated with the Interact clubs of your schools..."
)3. Indirect Speech.
- The president of the Al Akbar Maha
Vidyalaya stated that it was worthwhile seeking the assistance.
)4. The prepositional phrase with
of genetive as a post modifier. - A special meeting of the committees of
the above schools. - The committees of the five schools.
Use your writing book for writing.

Page 84
Clubs a
We meet,
SMS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S O Activity 5.1
| Reading / Writing
Chamath's father is a Director in the Social S
his father on a visit to a home of the 'differs decided to help them in some way. The follo Club of his school and discussed the need to
Here is a notice he wrote to convene a meeti
N A meeting of the Interact Club 2007 at 1.30 p.m. in the Main will be the launching of a fund will help the differently abled patron, the principal, Will atter requested to be present. The Secretary Interact Club.
Read the Notice and find answers for the fol
a. Who sends this notice and to whom?
b. What is the venue? c. What is the topic for discussion? d. Whom are they going to help? e, Who is the patron of this club?
70 UNIT 05 Clubs and Associations
 

and Associations We talk, We serVe.
ervices Department. Recently Chamath joined 2ntly abled. Chamath was deeply moved, and owing day he met the Secretary of the Interact
help them.
ing of the Interact Club.
NOTICE
will be held on Monday the 01st July Auditorium. The topic for discussion raising programme. This programme persons in the local community. Our
ld the meeting. All members are
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
llowing questions.

Page 85
O Activity 5.2
Listening / Speaking / Reading
At the meeting of the Interact Club
Many members gathered in the Main Auditorium July 2007.
The President:
Good afternoon, Madam Principal and dear frier
It's a pleasure to see such a large gathering today. T during the past years. It was due to the support of principal - the patron of the club.
Having seen many differently abled persons in ol
committee has decided to launch a programme, to h
The main topic for discussion at today's meeting is ho
We would therefore, welcome suggestions and id
Savithri - Madam Principal, President and memil Service project, I would suggest that
schools too.
 

of Sumanabedda Maha Vidyalaya, on 01st
nds.
he club has been able to fulfil many activities
our members and the guidance given by our
ir locality, and their increasing problems the elp them and make their quality of life better.
ow we could collect funds for the cause.
eas from our members about this matter.
pers. Since this is going to be a community
we involve other Interact Clubs of nearby
Clubs and Associations | UNIT 05 71

Page 86
Dinethri - That's a fine idea. I'm sure there w
Sethpriya- Why don't we write to some of th
we can discuss ways and means o
President- Fine, let's go ahead. That would
- Madam, may we have your per
the other schools too, to particip
Principal - Yes certainly, that's a very good ide the staff advisor, and request thi
Principals personally.
President - Thank you Madam, we can no the concern shown for this wor planning we hope to meet you ag
meeting will be adjourned. The c
Have a good day !
Activity 5.3 > Pair work
Reading / Writing
Read the dialogue in the text and answer the following questions.
a. What did Savithri suggest?
b. Who was sure of receiving a good
response?
c. What did Sethpriya Suggest?
72 UNIT 05 Clubs and Associations

vill be a good response if we make a request.
e Interact Clubs and request them to join? Then
fcollecting funds.
result in a lot of interaction. To the principal mission to go ahead with this suggestion and get
ate?
'a. You may write to the relevant schools through
eir support. In the mean time I'll speak to the
w pursue the matter. Thank you members for thy cause. After the initial correspondence and ain. As this is the only matter for discussion, the
late of the next meeting will be notified later.
d. Was the Principal in favour of what they
were going to do?
e. When will the next date be announced?
Activity 5.4 > Pair work
Reading / Writing
Read the "Address by the President again and State in about four Sentences, What it
refers to.

Page 87
O Activity 5.4 > Pair work
Reading / Writing
Read the text. At the meeting of the
Interact Club, and complete the following
sentences in your writing book.
a. The President was pleased
b. The club was able to
c. Guidance was given
d. The Interact Club's committee decided to
e. The main idea for discussion was
O Activity 5.6 > Pair work
Reading / Writing
The Secretary of the Interact Club of Sumanabedda Maha Vidyalaya wrote to the Presidents of other Interact Clubs of schools in the area, requesting participation in this
project.
The parts of the letter are jumbled. Match appropriate parts with the format of the letter
and write the letter in your writing book.
 

O Activity 5.5 > Pair work
Reading / Writing
Use a dictionary and find the meanings of the following words. Make sentences with
these words and write them in your writing
book.
a pleasure
b. differently abled
C. adjourned
d. correspondence
e. pursue
a. The President,
Interact club,
b. Interact Club of Sumanabedda
M. Vidyalaya, Sumanabedda,
Bentota.
10th February 2007.
Clubs and Associations | UNIT 05 73

Page 88
c. The Interact Club of our school has organized a scheme to help the differently abled persons in
our locality.
d. LAUNCHING OF A FUND
RAISING PROGRAMME TO
HELP THE DIFFERENTLY
ABLEID.
e. We would be much obliged if you could confirm your willingness to take part, before 26th of February, 2007.
f. It was suggested at the last
meeting, that we request the
Format of the
74 UNIT 05 | Clubs and Associations

participation of other Interact Clubs as well. Hence we are pleased to seek your support and would kindly request you to inform us whether you could
join us in this venture.
Thank you,
Yours faithfully,
Secretary, I. C.
Sumanabedda M.V.
i Dear Sir/Madam
Letter

Page 89
O Activity 5.7 > Pairwork
Reading / Writing
COMMITTEE MEETING
=* A.
Following are the Minutes of the special me
The Interact Club Members Present
Al Akbar M. W.- President - MohOmad Ricarb. Secretary-Fareda Farook.
Indrajothi M.M.V.- President – Hashini Meegoda. Secretary-Lakshman Herath
St. Mary's ConventPresident – Ramani Grey Secretary-Dalrene Perera
 

The following Schools have agreed to join the Interact Club of Sumanabedda Maha Vidyalaya.
a. Indrajothi Madya Maha Vidyalaya. b. Al-Akbar Maha Vidyalaya. C. St. Mary's Convent. d. Sri Murugan Maha Vidyalaya.
A special meeting of the committees of the above schools and Sumanabedda Maha Vidyalaya was held to discuss the outline
plan of this Community Service Project.
'eting held on 3rd March 2007.
Sri Murugan M.V.- President-C. Kathiragesu
Sumanabedda M.W.- President - Chamath Silva Secretary - Nirupa Kodikara
Those reported absent: Secretary of Sri Murugan M.V. - Geetha Ram
Clubs and Associations | UNIT 05 75

Page 90
76 UNIT 05 Clubs and Associations
 

After the religious observances, The committees of the five schools discussed matters concerning the venture. The President of Sumanabedda Maha Vidyalaya presided and expressed his gratitude to all Interact Clubs present for their willingness to participate. He further explained the purpose of the meeting and its objectives.
The following suggestions were made.
a. To provide the needy with spectacles, hearing aids, artificial limbs and wheel
chairs.
b. To conduct regular health camps and
provide health care.
C. To have entertainment programmes.
The following were suggested as fund raising
activities to execute these projects.
a. A musical show organized by the
students of the five schools.
b. A talent search.
The President of Al Akbar Maha Vidyalaya stated that it was worthwhile seeking the assistance of The Lions Club and the Rotary Club of the area. It was agreed by all the members to seek their support. Since there was no other business, the meeting was adjourned. The next meeting was scheduled to be held at Sri Murugan Maha Vidyalaya - on 3rd March.

Page 91
O Activity 5.8 > Pair work
Reading / Writing
a. What were the schools present at the special co b. Who presided at this meeting? c. Write three items, the Clubs were going to pro
d. What were the activities suggested to raise fun
e. What was the suggestion to which all member
O Activity 5.9 > Pair work
Listening / Speaking
Select the correct words / phrases from the list an
a date for an appointment to seek the assistance C
Chamath - Good Morning. Is that C 09 12236481 ? y Receptionist - Yes. Can I help you please? D Chamath - Could you kindly put me on to the president, Dr. Ranjith Cooray ? C
V{ Receptionist - Yes please. S
Dr. Cooray - Hello, Chamath - Good Morning, Doctor Cooray.
I'm
Dr. Cooray - Chamath?
Chamath - Yes Doctor Cooray, We've planned to help the differently abled
persons in our locality
Dr. Cooray - That's a very good idea.

mmittee meeting?
vide. is for the project?
unanimously agreed?
d complete the following dialogue on fixing if the Lions Club.
hamath - The committee wishes to meet
ou to discuss matters
Dr. Cooray - Let me see. Yes. Is
ל
Chamath - That would be fine. Thank you ery much. We shallsee you at 9.00 a.m on unday. Goodbye
Dr. Cooray speaking. 9.00 a.m. on Sunday convenient to you? Hold on.
How can we be of assistance to you?
Chamath, the president of the Interact Club of Sumanabedda M. Vidyalaya. Good morning, Can I help you?
F.
g. We hope to request for some assistance. h. Can we have an appointment with you
doctor?
Clubs and Associations | UNIT 05 77

Page 92
O Activity 5.10 - Pair work
Reading / Writing
Read the following sentences carefully.
Active Voice
a. The five schools discussed matters
concerning the venture. Passive Voice
b. Matters concerning the venture were
discussed by the five schools.
Note:-
01. How the subject and object changed
places.
02. How the verb, in the Active Sentence
has changed in the Passive Sentence.
Now change the following Active Sentences
into Passive Voice.
a. The President, Chamath Silva presided
at the meeting.
b. He explained the purpose of the
meeting.
c. The President of Al – Akbar Maha Vidyalaya stated his views on the significance of the project.
d. The President arranged an appointmen
with Doctor Cooray.
e. The students organized a Musical Show
78 UNIT 05 Clubs and Associations

O Activity 5.11 > Pair work
Reading / Writing
Prepare a handout about the musical show to be distributed among the public.
1. Give the date, time and the place. 2. The artists who are going to participate.
3. The purpose.
You may use the phrases given below.
- a captivating Musical Show.
- an evening of entertainment.
- an evening of fun and frolic.
- leading singers, radio artists,
film artists.
- for a worthy cause.
You are given the task of Suggesting a Suitable caption to be printed on the tickets, for the Musical Show. Suggest 03 captions. Write in your Writing book. Draw a suitable emblem for your club in your Writing book.

Page 93
O Activity 5.12 > Pair work
. Listening / Speaking / Writing
The Lions Club agrees to assist the Project
 
 

)n invitation by the respective Presidents the Interact Clubs, the Lions Club of entota South has expressed their desire to elp them. ion, Dr Ranjith Cooray, the president f the Lions Club was invited as a Guest peaker. He will speak on the role of their lub and indicate how they could assist in his project. he president of the Interact Club of umanabedda Maha Vidyalaya introduces he Guest Speaker: Our honoured guest, Dr Ranjith Cooray, edicated principals and teachers, and my ear friends; is a great opportunity and a privilege to ave Lion, Dr. Ranjith Cooray here with us Dday,
Dr. Cooray is a doctor of Medicine resently practising at the Bentota Base Iospital. He is the president of the Lions Club of Bentota and has been instrumental 1 launching many community service rojects. We are grateful to you for Kpressing your willingness to help us in ur project. I shall now invite Dr. Ranjith Dooray to speak to you on the role of the
ions Club and its objectives."
Clubs and Associations | UNIT 05 79

Page 94
Activity 5.13 > Pair work
Listening / Speaking / Writing
The guest speaker addresses the members.
Distinguished ladie
and my dear studen
1 I am happy to be . I admire your com my topic on The that we serve nearl
2 Our main aim is ti
Prevention of blin many challenges, \ Since 1917, Lions something back to 3 The Lions Clubs
Melvin Jones. He to help for the be large. 4. Among the object financial betterme
one of the associat
5 Lions Club Intern
Nations (UN) sinc
6 Lions Club Inter youth to improve support diabetes
disaster relief arou
80 UNIT 05 | Clubs and Associations

S and gentlemen,
CS.
associated with the Interact Club of your schools. mitment towards community service. Coming to Lions Club and its services, I would like to state y 1.3 million members in 197 countries. o meet the needs of the communities of the world. dness, drug abuse, and child abuse are among the we face today.
have offered people the opportunity to give their community. began as the dream of a Chicago businessman believed that local business clubs should expand
atterment of their communities and the world at
tives adapted was, No club shall hold out for the nt of its members". Unselfish service to others is ion's main targets. ational holds consultative status with the United De 1945. national is committed to providing services for the environment, build homes for the disabled,
education, conduct healing programmes and
nd the world.

Page 95
Our mission Statement
"To create and foster a for humanitarian need community involvemer We'll support your pro persons. Do not hesitat
COO. Thank you for inviting
project.
President, Chamath Silv Thank you Dr. Cooray. W inspiration to students li
Service.
O Activity 5.14 > Pair work
Listening / Speaking / Writing
Read the text and answer the following quest
1. Who agrees to assist the project of "helpin
Interact Clubs? 2. What is the name of the guest speaker?
Who introduced the guest speaker to the a Write the opening lines of the introductio audience. Write the main aims of the Lions Club. What was Melvin Jones instrumental in? Read their Mission Statement aloud in f What Services does the Lions Club offer?
2.

S spirit of understanding among all people by providing voluntary services through ts and International Cooperation." gramme of helping the differently abled
2 to make your requests to us in the future
me and wish you good luck with your
"a :- We admire your kind gesture. You are a great
keus. We are just beginners in humanitarian
ions.
g the differently abledr, organized by the
udience ? n by the President, after the address to the
'ont of the class.
Clubs and Associations | UNIT 05 81

Page 96
O Activity 5.15 > Group Work
Writing
Suggest a short title for each of the numbered paragraphs of the guest speaker's speech Number 1-5) Write in your Writing book.
O Activity 5.16 > Pair work
Writing Find the meanings of the following Worc You may refer to a dictionary. Write in your Writing book.
a. inspiration - e. fosterb. Commitment - f instrumental - C. adapted - g. approximatelyd. humanitarian- h. disaster -
O Activity 5.17 > Group / Pair work
Writing Read the following noun phrases. They a from the introduction of the guest speak
Lion, Dr. Ranjith Cooray Dr. Ranjith Cooray, the President of the Lions Club Our honoured guest, Dr. Ranjith Cooray In these, the first noun is followed by another noun or noun phrase giving mol information about the first noun.
Write five similar constructions in your Writing book.
82 UNIT 05 | Clubs and Associations
 

Θ
O Activity 5, 18 > Group work
Writing
Make a list of other Social Service Associations in your area and State What Services they provide to the community. Write in your Writing book.
Activity 5.19 > Group / Pair work
Writing Write "The Vote of Thanks" that you would propose to thank the Guest Speaker and all those present at the meeting. Write in your Writing book.
O Activity 5.20 > Pair work
Writing
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences With the phrases given in the box. Write in your Writing book.
associated with / prevention of / opportunity to / committed to
1. Club members are
helping the needy. 2. diseases is better than
curing. 3. Dr. Cooray is the Bentota
Lions Club. 4. Students got a great learn
about Lionism.

Page 97
Activity 5.21 > Group Work
Writing
Here are some details given in point form which is also a voluntary organization.
Write a detailed description to your Schoc The Rotary Club. You may find more detai
The Rotary Club
- a voluntary organizat offers humanitarians
helps to build goodw
- 1.2 million Rotarian
- 32,000 clubs in abou
Benefits offered- develops the commu - develops leaderships - not a profit making - supported by contrit - created by Arch.C.C - fund to improve qua
water, food, educatio - funds 1200 students - grants awards to Uni
activities.
 

about the Rotary Club
magazine On,
ls on your own.
ion. ervices, encourages high ethical standards. ill and peace in the world.
S.
it 200 countries.
nity.
kills.
organization.
utions.
lumph.
lity of life-provides health care, clean in and other essential needs. to study abroad annually.
versity teachers for research and other
Clubs and Associations | UNIT 05 83

Page 98
O Activity 5.22 > Group work
Writing
The expenditure incurred in different project
25 r으
20H ԸC
15 H.
1 OH 萄 |岂
, ||
to S -- ܒ ܐ *E上 S గా 5 등 E || 등 ||
运引 运瑟 š E E || 空 O ܪܒܐ - C26 a C
Study the graph carefully and complete the from the list below.
less/least/many/more,
O The Lions Club has spent thar
(2) The has been spent on sponsor
6. The expenditure on disaster relief is the
6. The money spent on providing spectacle
disaster relief but than 6 amounts have been spent fo
homes. 6 people have benefit 2 The club has spent 100 8 money has been spent on he
84 UNIT 05 | Clubs and Associations
 

s by the Lions Club is given in the graph below.
s
||
O כס
ー 三 ܕ ܐ . -- > E 三。
C. 크 그으.
ܒܘ 9ܩܘ
: following sentences using appropriate words
most equal/nearly/highest
| 10 million rupees to fund elders homes.
Drogrammes.
and hearing aids is than for for provision of drugs and medical equipment.
conducting health camps and funding elders
'd by these projects. million rupees during the last year.
alth camps than on sponsor programmes.

Page 99
I Writing
O Activity 5.23 > Group work
It was agreed by the Int Lion member, to Speak a meeting. Use the follo
From - The Secretary, To - All members. Venue - The Sports P. Time - 2.00 p.m. Date - you may write Guest Speaker - Lion Others present - The
Write in your writing bo
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
O Activity 5.24 > Group Work
Si Writing
Write a Conversation between two Students ab
 
 

eract Club to invite a Guest Speaker, a to the members. Write a notice convening wing guidelines
Interact Club.
vilion.
your own date.
Dr. Ranjith Cooray.
Principal and members of the staff.
Ok
NOTICE
The Secretary Interact Club
out attending the meeting.
Clubs and Associations | UNIT 05 85

Page 100
O Activity 5.25 > Group work
Speaking (singing)
Get up, stand up, Stand up for your rights Get up, stand up, Stand up for your rights Get up, stand up, stand up for your rights Get up, stand up, don't give up the fight
Preacher man, don't tell me Heaven is under the earth I know you don't know What life is really worth It's not all that glitters is gold Half the story has never been told So now you see the light
Stand up for your rights
Get up, stand up, Stand up for your rights Get up, Stand up, Stand up for your rights Get up, stand up, stand up for your rights Get up, stand up, don't give up the fight
Most people think Great good will come from the skies Take away everything And make everybody feel high But if you know what life is worth You would look for yours on earth And now you've seen the light You Stand up for your rights
BOB MARLEY
86 UNIT 05 Clubs and Associations

O Activity 5.26 > Group work
Speaking (singing) -
Group singing. Form into three groups. One group can sing the chorus, other two groups can take the two verses. Change your roles and sing. Your teacher will tell you the actions, that
you should use.
O Activity 5.27 > Pair work
Writing
Write the meanings of the following in your writing book. 1. It's not all that glitters is gold.
2. Great good will come from the skies.
3. Make everybody feel high.

Page 101
Science & Technology Science promotes logical thinking Technology uses man's thinking
language Focus
Language Functions
01. Describing a process O
- Scientists observe things and collect
facts. They verify what they have observed through experiments.
02. Expressing opinions O2
- Science itself is neither good nor bad.
03. Comparing and Contrasting.
- A hundred years ago, the physicians
had only a few instruments to diagnose diseases. Now the physicians have sophisticated medical instruments to diagnose a disease.
04. Reporting events
- In 1895 the X-ray machine was
invented. - Kidney transplantation was first
attempted in 1902. - Heart transplantation was first
performed in South Africa in 1967.
Please do not write anything in this book. U
 

Grammar
. Relative clauses
-The inventors who want to produce
the new types of vehicles. -Super-sonic jet planes which have so
2. a. have, as a full verb
- Science has enormous influence on
our lives. - The first people had little control
over machines.
b. *have, as an auxiliary verb
- Science and technology have
helped people.
- Power machines have increased
pollution.
- Science and technological
achievements have benefitted us in
many WayS.
Jse your writing book for writing.

Page 102
Scien Science le ChnOC
Activity 6.1
Reading / Writing
cience and technology has helped to gain control over nature. The first people had little control over nature. They had to depend on nature for their living. They had only simple tools. They did not know how to raise animals or plants. They had no permanent homes. Animal skins were their only protection; of light. With the passage of time, people animals and crops. With the developmel Then they discovered new methods to comforts. Through the ages technology way of life.
Industrial technology began with the factories became faster. The production it radio and the television changed their en
Technology helps people to live in g Agriculture, medicine and transport tech
Today machines do most of the work. and given people more leisure. The need
the creation of a world of modern scienc
88 UNIT 06 Sciences .1 ܡܘ
 
 

ce & Technology promotes logical thinking gy uses man's thinking
against the cold. The Sun was their only source
discovered how to make fire and learnt to raise nt of farming, they began to build settlements. make their work easier, and to increase their has helped people to build a more comfortable
invention of the steam engine. The work in ncreased. The working hours were reduced. The tertainment habits.
reater Comfort and security than in the past.
(nologies have brought many benefits to man.
Powered machines have increased production ls of the people began to increase. The result is e and technology.

Page 103
O Activity 6.2 > Pair work SS
R. Writing
Write five sentences describing how people livec
e.g. They did not have electric lights.
Write five sentences describing how technology
e.g. People were able to develop their agri
O Activity 6.3 > Pair work
| Reading / Writing
The practice of medicine is based on diagnosis an
felt the pulse and came to various conclusions about
He had only a few instruments to diagnose a di technology developed. Now the physician has so diseases.
X-ray machine that was invented in 1895, cam Rontgen. With the help of this machine the docto diagnose diseases. In 1973 the CAT scan machine wa was revolutionized. The patient is kept inside thema Medical technology continues to develop very I
observed and measured. These findings are the key to
 

before technological inventions.
has helped people.
culture.
ܓܠ ܐ
treatment. A hundred years ago,
the physician ilnesses. isease. Within the last hundred years, medical
phisticated medical instruments to diagnose
e into regular use. It was invented by Wilhelm is were able to see the inside of the body and s invented. With this invention medical science chine and the body is scanned by X-rays.
'apidly. Today the changes of the body can be
diagnosing diseases and deciding treatment.
Science & Technology | UNIT 06 89

Page 104
The E
It is used t
by a heart Mode
Ventilator breathing. Sir Ale
the discov
treating a
Modern technology has helped immensely Kidney Stones and gallbladder Stones are remo
E
o ܝ
o
S. --
un
ک(یا
for treating eye diseases too.
Medical Science and technology has develop body to another. Kidney transplantation was fi operation. Heart transplantation was first perfo the Surgeon, Christian Barnard.
Immunization programmes are carried ou
decreased previously common diseases.
O Activity 6.4 > Comprehension S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Writing
01. a. How did the physicians diagnose diseases about a hundred years ago?
Write four ways in your writing book.
b. Speak to your grand parents and find out, how their diseases were diagnosed by physicians when they
Were yOung.
02. a. Were the physicians
able to diagnose the diseases
inside the body?
90 UNIT 06|Science & Technology
 
 

C.G machine was invented during the last century. o find out how the heart works. The damage caused attack can be measured on this machine.
rn technology is able to support failing organs.
S are used to maintain Oxygen levels to assist
Xander Fleming, whose discovery of Penicillin led to ery ofmany Otherantibiotics. The antibiotics helpin large range of bacterial infections.
to develop surgery. Now lasers are used in surgery.
Ved through laser Surgery. Laser treatments are used
ed so much that Surgeons transplant organs from one rst attempted in 1902. Today it is a well established rmed in South Africa, in 1967. It was done by
It to give protection to children. This has greatly
b. Name the machines that help to
diagnose diseases inside the body, today.
C. Name some machines which are helpful in diagnosis, but not mentioned in the
reading passage.
03. Give the names of some machines useful in the treatment of diseases, that are not mentioned in the reading
paSSage.
04. Which do you think is better.
1. Open Surgery or
2. Laser Surgery

Page 105
05. a. What are the organ transplantations
mentioned in the passage?
b. What are the other organ
transplantations done in Sri Lanka?
06. Who did the first heart
transplantation? Where was it done?
07. a. Why are children immunized?
b. Have you been immunized? c. Find out from your parents, the
vaccines administered to you.
O Activity 6.5 > Pair work -—.
Writing
Speak to a doctor or someone in the medical profession and find out more about the first heart surgery. For instance, how
long the patient lived, why he died, etc.
Write a paragraph about this surgery.
b
 

Activity 6.6 > Pair work
| Writing
ears ago patients carried bottles because
nedicines were given in liquid form. Today,
fith the development in medical science,
nedicines are given in different forms.
Wri
te Some of the forms in your writing
looks. You may ask a pharmacist.
01. Ointments
02. powders
Activity 6.7 > Pair work
Ol.
04
Writing
Visit a nearby hospital and make a list of machines and equipment that are
there to diagnose diseases.
. After preparing the list, read it to the class. Make a master list of the names of machines on the board. Copy them
down in your writing book.
. Discuss with your partner the uses
of each one of these machines, and
write down their uses in two or three
SCI) (CÍ1CCS.
. Exchange books and read.
Science & Technology | UNIT 06 91

Page 106
O Activity 6.8 > Pair work
Reading / Writing
Transportation
92 UNIT 06|Science & Technology
 

Transportation is the way of moving people and goods from one place to another. Transportation takes people to places they need to go and bring goods that people need.
As a result of modern science and technology, there has been a massive development in transportation. In the past transportation was very very slow. People travelled mainly on foot and transported goods on their heads or dragged them along the ground. Later they learnt to use pack animals like horses, donkeys, camels and Oxen. Next they used waggons
drawn by animals and sailing vessels.
In 1890s, the German engineer Rudolf Diesel invented the diesel engine. These inventions brought about a revolution in the ways of
transport.
There are three kinds of transportation; land water and air. Forland transportation we use wheeled vehicles, specially cars, buses, trucks and trains. All these vehicles are engine
powered.

Page 107
HANN HAVIA
ா 1 ܵ in
ܐܲܢܝܼܚ.
 

Water transport is a very old means of 'ansport. People transported logs on water. A Lrge number of logs which were tied together oated on water to reach their destinations. hips and boats used sails to move with wind ower. But today almost all the ships are engine Owered. There are cargo ships and passenger
hips.
n 1903,Orville and Wilbur Wright designed a mall aeroplane to run with a petrol engine. It vas the first aeroplane that lifted a person into
he air.
today, jet airplanes carry millions of travellers Cross Continents and Oceans. Air transportation lepends solely on engine power. Super-sonic et planes which have so much of power travel aster than sound. Aeroplanes provide the astest mode of travel. Engineless vehicles such is gliders and baloons are used mainly for
eCreation.
Billions of dollars are spent on research to improve the transportation systems. The nventors who want to produce new types of rehicles with better security, comfort and safety
are kept busy.
Science & Technology UNIT 06 93

Page 108
e Activity 6.9 > Pair Work S S S S S S S S S SM
Reading / Writing
Give Sub-headings to each paragraph. Write in your Writing book.
Activity 6.10 > Comprehension S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SMSSSS
Reading / Writing
a. 01. Give the names of the animals used
in Sri Lanka as pack animals, 02. What are the animals used to draw
vehicles in Sri Lanka?
03. What are the kinds of fuel used in
Sri Lanka to run engines? 04. Name the inventions that
brought about a revolution in transportation. 05. What is a supersonic jet? b. 06. Describe the three (O3) kinds of
transport and give three (O3) examples for each.
Write in your writing books.
Activity 6.11 > Pair work SS
Writing
A prepositional phrase begins With a pre Eg. 1. In the past transportation was vel 2. Aeroplanes provide the fastest mod
3. The practice of medicine is based
Now pick eight (08) sentences with prepc Write them in your writing book.
94 UNIT 06 | Science & Technology

Activity 6.12 > Pair work S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S MS
Listening / Speaking / Writing
a. Find out from your teachers or elders
01. The distance from your home town to the Katunayake International Airport. 02. How long does a bus/train/car/coach
take to reach Katunayake? b. Write three Sentences Stating the mode of transport, distance, time taken, and the average speed in your Writing book.
Activity 6.13 > Pair work S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SMSSSS
Listening / Speaking / Writing
Describe how villagers transport their produce to village fairs / nearbytowns to sell. You may start this Way, Write in your Writing book.
| live in a village named Waduwegama. Most of the Villagers are farmers. They cultivate.
position and a noun or a noun group follows it. y very slow.
e of travel.
on diagnosis and treatment.
Isitional phrases, from the passages in this Unit

Page 109
O Activity 6.14 > Pair work
Reading
The Textile Industr
The development of the spinnin
(1) The Textile Industry
Spinning was a cottage industry in many lands. Kuveni was spinning when Prince Wijaya landed in Sri Lanka. Weaving was a domestic industry in England too, till the invention of the flying shuttle and the spinning jenny. These inventions simplified the use of the machine. It could now be worked by power. It brought a tremendous change on human life, in terms of speed and volume.
The modern textile technology has influenced the ready-made garment industry in Sri Lanka. Factories have been set up in cities and rural areas, providing employment for both men and women. Mostly young rural women have taken up employment in these factories. Ready-made garments are exported
to America, United Kingdom, France and
other European countries. Fashion shows in mo,
the world to promote the garments produced in
foreign exchange earner for Sri Lanka.

V
g machine
dern trends are held in leading cities all over
Sri Lanka. The industry has become a leading
Science & Technology | UNIT 06 95

Page 110
O Activity 6.15 > Comprehension SMS
El Writing Write answers to these questions in your 01. What brought about a major change in 02. Mention two changes that were brough 03. What is the industry connected to the 04. Mention some of the benefits of the ga 05. What do we do with the finished produ
06. State your opinion about the garment i
Activity 6.16 > Grammar SS
| Writing
With a relative clause you can give more inf
The relative pronouns used are:
that / Which / V
Cg.
1. The X-ray machine that was invented
2. Super-Sonic jet planes which have so in
3. The inventors who want to produce ne
and safety are kept busy. 4. Orville and Wilber Wright whom we C
invented the first aeroplane. 5. Sir Alexander Fleming, whose discover
other antibiotics.
Study the five (05) examples which are ta Now Write five (05) Sentences with relativ Form relative clauses using the five (O5) re Write in your Writing book.
96 UNIT 06 | Science & Technology

Writing book.
the weaving industry? It about. weaving industry that developed in Sri Lanka? rment industry in Srilanka. Icts 2
ndustry in Sri Lanka.
ormation about persons or things in a sentence.
who / Whom / Whose
in 1895 came into regular use. huch of power travel faster than Sound. aw types of vehicles with better security, Comfort
Ionsider as the first people to go into the air
y of penicillin led to the discovery of many
ken from the texts.
e clauses. alative pronouns given in the box.

Page 111
The World of Work Work helps to build a nation.
D language Focus
Language Functions
01. Expressing feeling
- I love growing flowers - I dread
- We are all worried
02. Determination
- I want to be - I want to learn - I will do my best - I will study hard
03. Surprise
- I can't imagine - I couldn't believe it
04. Reason
- Otherwise the workers feel under
pressure - The Miller of the Dee was a happy
man because..
Please do not write anything in this book
 

Grammar
01. Questions
a. Wh - questions
- What did you think of the talk?
- Who has a sister?
- Which job do you think is the most
interesting?
- Why has the writer gone to this
country?
- How does he spend his day?
b. Questions formed with auxiliary verbs
- Is Sriyan a good student?
- Did the speaker speak clearly?
- Were you able to follow the
argumento
- Was his voice heard well?
- Do you like to work in the private
sector?
. Use your writing book for writing.

Page 112
The W. Work he
O Activity 7.1
Reading
The students of Grade 10 had listened to : speech made by an official from the Ministr of Education. He had spoken on Guidanc
and Counselling. The friends had found the talk very useful It had made some of them very thoughtful. This is a part of the conversation they hac
when they came back to class.
Aziz What did you think of the talk, Christine Sriyan has not opened his mouth Suvimali It made methink too. He spoke Hassan True. What are you thinking of, Sriyan I'm thinking of his statement, th think of job opportunities. Wen Padma True. We sit the O' Levels. Then Suvimali Yes. We expect our parents to do Christine Well, they also don't think differ tell us to do that exam well, so th Aziz My brother can't bear to meet m
and distinctions he has got.
98 UNIT 07|The World of Work
 
 

oric of Work
OS to build a nation.
Sriyan? Did you like it? (, since the talk. He has been thinking. of so many things we had not thought of Sriyan? at we must think of new ways, when we ust not just wait for things to happen.
we sit the A Levels. Then we think of jobs. things for us. ntly. When we are doing the O' Levels, they at we can do the A Levels.
aunts. They keep asking him how many credits

Page 113
Christine
Sriyan
Christine
Padma
Sriyan
Hassan
Sriyan Suvimali
Sriyan
Hassan
Suvimali
Padma
Aziz
My sister confuses those who ask her different things about, A, B, C and I think that's what the speaker meant results. Theres no point in being wor what we can do with our results. What do you mean? We're all worried Of course, were. Were. But there's no point in getting We must, if at all worry about whatk Well, you don't have to worry, you'll That's what we must think about. Wi What do you want to do? That's what I'm thinking about. He s. and can do. He has given us enough brochures to That's what he meant to do. Makeyo time I thought I would show the brochure carefully. Good for you! I think we should all d
O Activity 7.2 > Comprehension
Reading
Is the name of the speaker given? Has he spoken about different examin State what the speaker said. Who has a brother?
In what class is the brother?
Who has a sister? What do you learn about the sister?
Is Sriyan 'a good student? Explain w

about her results. She says so many I scores. People give up.
Maybe your sister is worried about her tied about our results. We must think about
about our results.
worried after the results come. ind of results we'll get.
get good results. Il I get the results to do what I want to do?
aid, 'think about what you would like to do,
last a life time.
u think of something that would last a life
s to my parents too, and go through them
lo the Same.
ations?
hy you say So.
The World of Work | UNIT 07 99

Page 114
O Activity 7.3 > Group work
Writing Use the four captions given and design ab in your writing book. Plan / Design a quarter page for each capt
Design a picture / description for each cap
Select your own job. Are you sure you are Think differently, ach Take the road of the
O Activity 7.4 > Pair work
Reading / Writing
The dialogue was about ideas and thought (A) by the guest speaker. (B) by individua how it was spoken.
Check with your partner to see that you ha
A.
e.g. "think of new Ways" "I'm thinking
Said.
100 UNIT 07|The World of Work

rochure
O
tion
on the right track? lieve Success. long distance runner.
s. Identify at least 02 ideas I thoughts expressed lfriends (C) by parents and elders. Write it as
I've not repeated the same.
B C
of what the Speaker "how many Credits and distinctions
have you got?"

Page 115
O Activity 7.5
Reading I Writing
The teacher asked the students to write about th
the descriptions of the jobs the students had wri
San Sith I want to be a scientist. I think Sri Lanka needs good scientists. I am very interested in the way different countries have solved their problems of power. The West uses oil, and nuclear power. India also
uses these now. I want to learn about other
sources of energy. I think most of the tropical countries would have used sunlight in the R past. Solar power is a new source, made popular at present times. Most people go to Sigiriya and marvel at the fre They miss out on the wonders they can see elsew you climb up you can see this rock seat. The roc
two halves of the rock. What knowledge had be
laid ten centuries ago still work
 
 

e jobs they like to do. Here are some of
tten, to be presented to the class.
scoes, the mirror wall and the lion's paws. here at Sigiriya. On the left to the steps as k is split to make the seat. You can see the
en there ! What technology. The fountains
Κοι
adhuri I want to be a dancing teacher. Iready attend some classes. My dancing teacher inks, I should do well in dancing. I started Irning music and dancing from the time I ls five. There was a music teacher boarded in ir house. I went with her to her classes. Anyty I really love dancing. One day I hope to ke a lead role. I hope my parents will send
e to India to learn music and dancing.
The World of Work UNIT 07 101

Page 116
Christine don't get sele Education. I my little Cou feel quite hap It is residentia
it, I might do
Sriyan I would like to take up journalism
I would like to be a reporter, to start with These are my reasons.
I like the freedom it gives me. I do not have to keep strict hours. I like the challenge it give me. The Editor will accept my report only i it is good. I like the adventure it offers me I'll cover events and incidents that could be dangerous. I like the independence it give me. I'll be able to give my views on events.
my reports, I'll have an identity.
102 UNIT 07 The World of Work
 
 

I will do my best to do the A'Levels well. If I sted to the university, I'll apply to a College of Juite enjoy having to teach. Sometimes I teach ins, and when they learn what I have taught, I py. A College of Education gives lots of facilities. 1. There are lots of activities. Later on if I feel like
an external degree.
Suvimali I will study hard. My parents are very keen that I should do higher studies. My father likes me to do Engineering. He thinks I should do well because I am good in Mathematics. My mother thinks it is quite a challenging job for a girl. I like challenges. I'm interested in the job opportunities in Textile Technology. I must find out more about that. I would also like to do a Degree
in Marketing and become a Merchandizer.
also like the feeling of success. People will read

Page 117
Activity 7.6 > Pair work
Reading / Writing
Fill in the following chart in your writing book. about the three speakers first. The first is done fo
JUOD SeeGeG
Scientist
1. San Sith
O Activity 7.7 > Group work
Speaking
Suvimali says her mother thinks that Engir job for a girl. Do you also think so?
Divide the class into three groups. One group says Engineering is not suitable The other group gives reasons against. The third group will become the panel of juli note down the relevant points and give marl
declare the winning group.
You may use the words in the box in your di
nothing wrong Women are na achieved success notable to st not at all unusual need to keep
as much stamina role of mothe
proved their worth not able to do
 
 
 
 
 

Putnumbers 1-8. Enter the information
r you.
Reasons for selecting the job
1. interested in Secrets of Science. 2. Wants to learn about energy.
eering is a good
for girls'.
dges. They will ks and finally
iscussion.
aturally weak and long hours house
r and wife
strenuous work
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Page 118
O Activity 7.8 > Group work
Speaking
Ask the following questions from 05
similar to the one given. Write a sho
based on your findings.
What is the job you like t Why do you like it? Who is the most popular
Name Job
Draw a pie chart or bar chart With your fi
O Activity 7.9 > Group work
Reading I Listening
Read your information to the class. L (Are the results very much like your o' In order to decide on the best present
given below.
Put the following questions on the bc
Did the speaker speak clearly Did he / she swallow the words ?
Didhe / she mutter ?
Were you able to follow the argument ?
Was his her voice heard well ?
As you listen mark them with a tick (Y
104 UNIT 07 The World of Work
 
 

of your friends. Enter the results in a chart
t composition on "The Most Popular Job
o do when you grow up?
person in that field?
Reasons Popular person
ndings on the first questions.
isten to the others.
wn?)
ation, find out the answers to the questions
ard, or copy them on to your writing book.
Yes NO sometime.
as appropriate.

Page 119
O Activity 7.10 > Pair Work
Reading / Writing
The entries that kept the class really
interested were those on self-employment
Prabhash I v
want to learn to in
it tells me what tC computers. He m he has two or thre
time. When I vis
removed the cove
inside. It was one
me how things CC And may be, I'll at my own will, li
start with being a
Dulmini I doing gardening. I have green fing We have a lot of places like banks
do that business.
bachelor's button
colourful. When
beautiful.
Nadeeka I wal
for ready made
ready made foot
 
 
 
 

Self EINII
vant to do things with the computer. I nake the computer do what I want. Now
do. I have a cousin who has three or four akes them do what he wants. Sometimes be computers working for him at the same it him I watch him do things. Once he r of the computer and showed me the
maze of wires at first. But then he showed Innect. I would like to learn about those. have my own computers and make money ke my cousin Niranga. Perhaps I should
in apprentice under him.
want to be my own employer. I enjoy I love growing flowers. My mother says srs. We already grow our own vegetables. green plants in pots. Most hotels and
hire plants for their buildings. I want to I want to introduce 'simple plants like s, cock's Combs, marigolds. They are very
you grow them in pots they are really
it to take up catering. There's a big demand oods. But I think that most of these sare not good for our health. I want to
The World of Work | UNIT 07 105

Page 120
go for loca
Went to m prepared d manioc flo leveriya, bi ingredient
O Activity 7.11 > Pair work > Comp
Reading / Writing
Find the short answers with another. Write the answers in complete sentences i Who are the students who had wanted What are the areas selected by each? Who has chosen ajob without any o Which job do you think is the most int Which job do you think is popular? W. Find the line that tells us that Nadeeka
Activity 7.12 > Pair work
Writing / Speaking Copy the following questions on to your Mark them under three categories, very m
somewhat / not at all, where relevant.
1. Do you like to do a job after your O. L. 2. Do you like to work in the state sector
3. Do you like to work in the private sectic
4. Do you like to be self-employed?
Then prepare a short speech of 2-3 minute
106 UNIT 07 The World of Work

health giving foods. I got the idea when I aunt's house at Kurunegala for Poson. She had fferent kinds of food with kurakkan, gingelly and ur. I want to make things like helapa, manipittu,
pikkan, vadai, boondi and vellavehun using local
reheրSiOn
n your writing book.
self-employment?
utside Support?
ceresting and why?
hy? will make food that is good for the health.
writing book. uch /
Very Some Notatal reasons much What
vels 2
s and deliver it to the class.

Page 121
O Activity 7, 13 > Pair work
Reading / Writing
My dear San Sith, Thank you for your letter. I can't in to be thinking of jobs. We thought c looks as if things are changed in Sri L. When I came here, I first registered they sent me to the Student Counsel about my finances. I told them, my f immediately offered me Some part til | could work in the canteen, Washin could deliver papers and do Some rol I felt shy, very self conscious. Then kind of work. Here the professors als. observe US. I think I must have madet There is one other thing like here. employment if you are not happy wi for totally different subjects even att what you wanted. I am posting a lot information on career guidance.
Give my remembrances to aunt and
Gimhana
Write the answers to these questions in ) Corrector improve your answers as nec
1. Mention the names of the writer, the re 2. Is it allowed for university students to do 3. Do you think that working part time is 4. Why has the writer gone to this country 5. Write the lines that tell you what Gimha

No. 115O, Apartment, O5, Blvd., City park, Sacremanto, USA. O1 O3, 2006.
agine you are now SO grown up as fjobs after finishing our studies, it |nka.
myself at the university. Then ing Department. They asked me ather would send me money. They me work. g up, helping to serve, billing etc. tine work in the library too. At first realized that everybody does that D come to the same cafeteria. They he best impression in the cafeterial You can change your line of th your current job. People go in he age offorty five! I nearly forgot of brochures and leaflets giving
| uncle. Love and best wishes,
four writing book. Check with your partner.
essary.
ceiver and the relevant countries.
) part time work in USA?
ל zood:
2 י,
na felt about doing part time work.
The World of Work | UNIT 07107

Page 122
O Activity 7.14 - Group work
Speaking The Miller of the Dee
There was a jolly miller once Lived on the river Dee : He work'd and sang from morn till nigh No lark more blithe than he. And this the burden of his song Forever used to be I care for nobody, no, not II, If nobody cares for me.
The reason why he was so blithe, He Once did thus unfold The bread I eat my hands have earn'd; I covet no man’s gold ; I do not fear next quarter-day; In debt to none I be.
chorus
A coin or two I’ve in my purse, To help a needy friend; A little I can give the poor, And still have some to spend. Though I may fail, yet I rejoice, Another's good hap to see. Chorus
So let us his example take, And be from malice free; Let every one his neighbour serve, As Served he'd like to be. And merrily push the can about And drink and sing with glee: Ifnobody cares a doit forus, Why not a doit care we.
* doit= a coin of very low value, hap= fortune,
108 UNIT 07|The World of Work
 

O Activity 7.15 > Group work
Speaking
Read the poem and answer the following questionS.
a.01. Who is a miller?
02. Did the Miller live On a river? 03. Give the Words that tellus Whether the
Miller Wassador happy. 04. Did the Miller lead a happy life? 05. Give the reasons that made the
Miller 'SOblithe. 06. Is the Miller a richman? 07. Did he have a lot of money in his purse? 08. What is the chorus or burden of his song? b.09. What is the meaning of the 'chorus"?
10. Do you agree with it?

Page 123
Writing
O Activity 7.16 > Pair work
Read the following and Write a title and SubDiscuss with your partner before you decide Subtitles the other pairs have Written. Decide
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
O Activity 7.17 > Pair work
Reading / Speaking
A good job has a number of characteristic money. Good money means enough mon
When work does not match one's qualific
A good job also brings with it a relaxed a are under pressure. People can do their E their own speed. People also need to be a
offer a challenge.
Work also must provide a certain amount
responsible for what one does. To do so o
Work also provides us with company. We Then we look forward to going to work,
have a sense of achievement and self-wort
a. List in your writing book, the characteristic
b. Think of your employed friends and relation his/her job? Tell your classmates about hi notes on the following.
- The name and job of the person you have st - How does he/she spend his/her day? - Why do you think he/she is happy? - Is the rest of the family happy with his / he
 
 

titles in your Writing book. On the title/subtitles. Find out the titles and
On the best.
S. A job is good when it brings good ey. It also must match one's qualifications.
ations, then there is under employment.
tmosphere. Otherwise the workers feel they
best when they are doing what they like, at ble to make use of their skills. The best jobs
of independence. One needs to feel ne must be able to take decisions.
make friends at our place of employment.
Io be able to work, to meet our friends, to
th.
CS of what can be considered as 'a good job'.
ls. Who do you think is the happiest in m/her. Before speaking on him/her, make
elected.
r job
The World of Work | UNIT 07109

Page 124
O Activity 7.18 > Group work
Speaking
a. Copy the chart on to your writing book.
Discuss with four of your friends and fill ir
requires
Profession makes money
qualification
Clerk
Hairdresser
Chauffeur
Tour guide
O Activity 7.19 > Pair work
Writing
b. Label the pictures. Make notes similar to grid on one. Write a short composition i
from the grid.
110 UNIT 07|The World of Work
 

the table with the information you get.
requires dOes a
C haSfriendS
S experience challenging job
the information you have gathered from the
in your writing book, Comparing with one

Page 125
O Activity 7.20 > Pair work
Reading
Read the questions first before reading the
The རྒྱུ། 《 Happy Man
1. How do we know that the king and
the land were both rich?
Once there was a king who ruled Over a large country. He was rich. He lived in a palace.
His land was fertile. The trees bore fruit during the season. His harvest was plentiful. His noblemen lived in smaller palaces. He had advisors, ministers, Counsellors, and many
SCVantS.
2. List what the king did by himself /
what he got the others to do in order
to enjoy himself
He dined well. He had company. He had all the comforts that a king could have. In the evening after he had dined he called his musicians. They entertained him with music and Song. He had dancers performing to entertain him.
However he was not happy. He did not feel happy.
 

(\,
ܠܛܐܼܲW
\ ாنسل
3. Describe the hunting expedition in
tWO SCIntC1)CCS.
He went hunting during the day time. His Counselors and ministers went with him. They gave him company. The hunters sounded the horns. The dogs rushed out. They shot many birds. The hunting was successful. But the king was not happy.
4. How did the king spend his
afternoons?
In the afternoon his advisors came to him. They spoke of many things. They told him stories about ancient times. They told him stories of other lands. They told him of adventures and noble deeds. The king listened to all these. But he was not happy.
5. What happened when the king fell sick?
Little by little the king fell sick. He did not leave his room in the palace. He did not go hunting. He did not ask for his musicians. The
musicians waited with their instruments. But
the king did not call them. The dancers dressed
The World of Work | UNIT 07111

Page 126
SS
themselve in their costumes. They did not make any noise. They waited,thinking that the king would call them. But the king did not. The advisors thought of new and strange stories, They related the stories to each other. But the king did not call any. The king was alone. He
did not come out of his room in the palace. He
was unhappy.
6. What actions helped the doctors to
find out the disease ? Were they sucessful?
The king was unhappy and he was sick. The king had to be treated. He had to be cured. First they called the doctors of the land. They came and examined him. They looked at his tongue. They pulled down his eyelids, and looked at them, first one and then the other. They tapped on his chest, his stomach, and listened. They looked at each other. It was clear that the king was ill. They prescribed medicines, and pills to be taken every eight hours, a syrup to be taken afte meals, a tablet to be Swallowed before bedtime. The king took all these but he was no better.
7. What is the difference in the treatment
prescribed by the specialists?
It was time to call in the specialists. Doctors from the neighbouring countries were called in. They
asked for the earlier prescriptions. They saic
'no wonder the king is ill with these medicines
They looked at his ears through an instrument
They listened to the kings breathing, they go
him to count to ten. They clapped and told
112 UNIT 07 | The World of Work

the king to Count their claps. The king did all that. Then they prescribed the medicine. They gave him a syrup to be taken before meals, and half a tablet to be taken before bed time, and the other half on getting up. Meals were to be regular with plenty of water.
8. Who admitted the hermit to the
kings chamber? Why?
9. What news of the king had the
hermit heard?
But the king did not get better. He got thinner. He was as unhappy as he ever was. Along time passed. The news of the kings illness reached far and wide. Then one day, an old hermit from a distant land came. He had heard of the kings illness, and wished to see the king. The kings ministers, advisors and counselors did not think much of him. But the queen was desperate. The king was sick. It did not matter who cured him. And so the hermit was admitted to the kings
chamber.
10. Think of five questions the hermit
would have asked the king.
The hermit spent a long time with the king. Nobody heard what he said. Nobody saw what he did. The hermit did not accept any payment. "I'll have my reward when His Majesty's well, he said, and went away. He told the queen το go and see to the king. The advisors, the counselors and the ministers rushed into the
kings chamber.
S S

Page 127
11. What is the cure prescribed by the
hermit?
Then the queen told them the cure. 'Go forth, she said and bring for his majesty the shirt of a happy man. And so they went out to look for the shirt of a happy man. First they questioned the extremely rich, then the not so rich and then the not very rich, but no one was happy. They questioned then the learned men, the not So learned, and the ignorant, But no one was happy. And so they questioned almost everyone,
and the reply was always 'm... m. m... not
quite happy.
12. Describe the sleeping man in your
OWn Words.
When they had almost given up, they saw a man sleeping by the wayside under a tree. The man was fast asleep. There was a dog keeping vigil next to him. He was in a deep sleep. He seemed to be smiling in his sleep. They waited for him to get up. After a long time, the man
opened his eyes.
13. Why did all the ministers etc. shout at
the man?
He was astonished to see so many around him. What's the matter friends?' he asked, "Is there anything I can do for you?' 'O yes, they said. Tellus, are you a happy man?” “Of course I am, said the man. Then give us your shirt.
We'll pay you any amount. Where's your

SS
shirt? I asked for it first. The din was so much that they did not hear the man's reply.
14. Do you think the king will be cured?
Then they stopped shouting and listened. Alas friends, I have no shirt to give you. I do not have a shirt!”
O Activity 7.21
Speaking
Tell the class what you can learn from this Story. Provide sub-titles for the paragraphs,
making use of the questions.
O Activity 7.22
Writing
The Miller of the Dee was a happy man, because he was doing the kind of job he wanted to do. Do you think the man who had no shirt was happy for the same reasons? Discuss with friends and write your decision in 10-12 sentences. Write in your Writing book.
-—
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Page 128
O Activity 7.23 > Pair work
Reading
What are the jobs that are stressful becaus
Draw the grid in your Writing book. Discus jobs into the four categories.
actor, architect, driver, postman, doctor, fisherman, carpenter, Salesman, pilot, pol miner, journalist, secretary, conductor, ha
No stress LOW stress
O Activity 7.24 > Pair work
Reading / Writing
Read the passage given, follow the pattern a
Write a paragraph on a similar pattern on
Running is a great activity. It keeps you fit. N tensions of work. It is not possible to worry v. problems from afar. That makes it easier to
walk. There are some suffering from diabetes
Most activities that are monotonous like sev
114 UNIT 07|The World of Work
 
 

e of the circumstances ? s with your partner and put the following
engineer, librarian, cricketer, nurse, iceman, Soldier, tour guide musician, |irdresser, florist.fireman, electrician.
Medium stress High stress
nd arguments given.
a job that is stressful or not stressful
What is still better is that it releases the when you are running. You also see your find Solutions. Most heart patients are told to , who take running as a treatment.
ving, Sweeping are stress free.

Page 129
An Introduction to the Teacher
The grade 10 Pupil's Book and the concerned with the learner's need to Speaking, reading and writing. It is an be developed to give language compe is of prime importance in Second lan cannot be given in the Textbook. The where the students do not have a co
reading lesson.
There are some listening activities dev
reads or speaks and the others listen a
Most of the activities are set for pair w the spoken use of language to get lea reading and writing. Group work allov of language features that they have alre the learners to iearn communication St
Group work is one of the most valuab
The most important requirement in a She He must read the lesson prior to
and the meanings of vocabulary items
This book provides poems, songs, sto
ܚܬ݂ܳ
activities.
i’oetry and songs carry the rhythms of instrument in the hands of the teach
lhis is also an educative experience fo

Workbook include materials and activities acquire the four primary skills; listening, uncontested axiom that all four skills must tence and fluency to the Student. Listening guage teaching. Specific listening activities most effective listening activities are those
py of the passage; otherwise it becomes a
ised in the Pupil's Book where one student
nd respond.
ork and group work. The aim is to focus on rners talking to each other. Then it leads to ws the learner to develop fluency in the use
ady learnt. It also provides opportunities for rategies apart from many other advantages.
le sources if properly handled.
these is that the teacher has to be prepared. going to class, be sure of the pronunciation,
ries and other literary forms as enrichment
the language and therefore is a very potent her. Poetry is also the vehicle of emotion.
the child; teaching of the emotions is the
introduction to the Teacher 115

Page 130
foundation of a moral education. Th; land. Concepts like marriage, love, de of a Society, are brought to the child th takes a wife, Will you marry me? Ki Grundy takes a child from birth thro a matter of course, naturally. Childrei
in their own way, in their own countr
In teaching poetry, remember the mc the students to go through these exp
opinions and feelings about these poe
Get students to do the activities set ( read the lines aloud, in pairs, groups a
Next engage them in their own creati
Do not stand by the order of the le.
Students are in a mood, and repeat as
Not all students will be able to reci contents. You must learn to identify th
lead the singing and the reciting.
And as in all good teaching experienc guide. With every new experience th
teaching
D.D.
116 Introduction to the Teacher

ut is how the literature carries the culture of the
ath, which are the normal and natural activities rough poetry. Even nursery rhymes, The farmer ssed the girls' come in nursery rhymes. Solomon ugh marriage to death. These must be taught as will see the relationships and understand them
y and culture.
st important things are Colour and Sound. Get eriences, talk about them and express their own
ms, Songs and stories.
on them in pairs and groups. Then get them to nd individually. Get them to simulate situations.
DS.
sons. Take the poems and Songs whenever the
often as you can.
te or sing. But all students will appreciate the
hose who are able to recite and sing. Get them to
ces, the teacher is the best learner, observer, and
e teacher learns a lesson. Happy learning, happy

Page 131
ENGLISH LANGUAGE SYLLABUS - GRAD
CoMPETENCIES / COMPETENCY LEVELS
1. Identifies the sound system of English 1.6 Articulates English words and phrases Students should by this stage have mastered articulate intelligibly. The focus at this stage are related to language skills. However reac poems that develops a sense of rhythm. Op
tapes and also audio - visual material of inter
2. Uses of mechanics ofwriting with und
2.6 Uses of semi colon appropriately
These should be practised accurately and with be paid to ensuring this. Some attention shou so as to enhance the effectiveness of writing. the writing of letters, reports etc, should be e of these for effective communication. (At th punctuation Such as comma, full stop, questi
should learn to use the semi colon appropriat
3. Engages in active listening and responc 3.5 Listens and transfers information to ot 3.6 Listens and reports information
Students should engage in active listening a particular
o take notes from oral presentations O listen and transfer information to other fol
select important parts of a message
They should be given practice in getting the instructions. In particular they should practis
presentations.

E 10
language
confidently the basics of pronunciation, and be able to hould be on fluency and confidence, which ing aloud maybe practised, particularly of portunities should be provided to listen to
St.
erstanding
confidence at this stage, but attention should ld be paid at this stage to the use of commas
Mastery of formalities, and consistency, in insured, with understanding of the necessity is stage they should have mastered the basic on mark and capitalization. In addition they
ely.)
ls appropriately
her forms
nd responding appropriately and should in
rms ( diagrams, maps, graphs, charts)
gist of messages / announcements / news /
e note taking to facilitate learning from oral
Syllabus 117

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4. Builds up vocabulary using word
meaning. 4.7 Identifies different word classes
4.8 Infers figurative and connotative 4.9 Updates the vocabulary with the
Vocabulary level should encompass should be part of their productive v vocabulary), with the ability to ident recognizes build up related words thr should as appropriate be encouraged use of external resources such as dict create their own personal dictionarie used to develop skills as well as intere between the denotative and connotat
at this stage.
O Productive vocabulary - they shou
- Spelling - Pronunciation
- How to use in proper context - Collocation
- Different forms
5. Extracts necessary information 5.7 Identifies the speakers/writers 5.8 Processes directly stated inform 5.9 Reads for pleasure as well as fo
Students should
o understanding and processing dire understanding and assessing infere thinking beyond a text, producing reading for pleasure as well as for i distinguishing between specifican
O identifying idiomatic expressions
118 Syllabus

s appropriately and accurately to convey precise
: meanings of words and phrases 'help of external resources
about 4000 words at this stage (of which 10C ocabulary and the rest 3000 should be their recepti tify the different parts of a word as appropriate, ar. ough understanding of prefixes and suffixes. Studen at this stage to enhance their vocabulary through th ionaries, encyclopaedias, and may be encouraged S. Cloze reading passages and word games shouldt st as to words. Some understanding of the distinctic
live meanings of words and phrases may be expecte
ld know:
from various types of texts
intention
nation
r information
ctly stated information
ICC
further ideas and suggesting different responses
information
d general information

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A range of texts should be studied, of v. and reports should be encouraged, and
messages, notices etc should be ensured. subject studies should be used, as well as (
descriptive passages.
6. Uses English grammar for the purpose 6.10 Constructs meaningful and logical pass 6.11 Identifies the functions and the positio
Students should by this stage have master use of the different word classes, and appr interrogatives. They should have understC
sentences and be able to form these correc
At this stage it may be necessary to give them
oThe passive voice O Indirect speech O Abstract nouns
o Use of nouns in apposition
oUse of object complements, e.g. They e
Grammar should be tested not through meaningful and logical passages integrati to identify the functions and the places be assessed through this, as well as the ul
SCIntCCC.
7. Uses English creatively and innova 7.10 Writes short poems / stories on the 7.11 Reports experiences / information
7.12 Writes for personal purposes

rious lengths. Familiarity with advertisements the ability to understand the gist of memos, Scientific and technical writing related to other
creative writing and interesting biographies and
of accurate and effective communication ages integrating suitable grammatical functions
ns of different word classes in a sentence
ed the basics of grammar, including the proper opriate tenses, with formation of negatives and
od the use of simple, compound and complex
'tly.
I practice in the following in particular
lected Nalin the president of the English club
theory but through the ability to construct ng suitable grammatical structures. The ability of different word classes in a sentence should
nderstanding of grammatical relations within a
tively written communication
air own
Syllabus 119

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Students should
8.
use a variety of vocabulary items in w expand and combine the given senten
produce imaginative, creative and int
Students should be directed to develop ; be a variety of innovative techniques newspapers, magazines, profiles, short si
messages, notices, advertisements, e mai
Communicates clearly, fluently an
8.14 Participates in discussions
8.15 Presents arguments logically and c
8.16 Faces an interview with confidenc
Students should communicate clearly and c
present arguments logically and coher to access and comment on experiences
instruct, direct, advise, warn, promise functions chair and participate in meetings make public announcements participate and contribute to discussic
understand and use continuity and se
express orally and in writing informat
students should be motivated to commur to a variety of day - to - day language it use English freely through discussion, de They should also participate in simulati
which deal with issues as well as persona
120 Syllabus

riting
„CCS
2resting writing
an independent style of writing and there should and activities like essay writing, minutes, wall tories, poems, personal and formal letters, notes,
ls etc. to promote creative writing ability.
d concisely
oherently
e
'oncisely and in particular
ently
prohibit and respond to all the above language
DIYS quency devices in speech and writing
ion derived from maps and diagrams
licate with confidence and they should be exposed ems. There should be opportunities for them to bates and meetings, which they organized to run. ons and prepare and present their own dramas,
l relations.

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ඉංග්‍රීසි කියවීම් පොත - 10 ශ්‍රේණිය
 

2012/E/10/273/308,000