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Education
Tamil Tigers
Also: Politics to Foreign Affairs
 
 

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GUARDI
Wol. I No. 1 May 1, 1978 O
CONTENTS
Τ sesסsuPP TIOITE Ei 2 - 4 News background the : is Lumiratu of other or openly stimulate
If a Talmstrea pay Iп а could be
6 - 9 International news This
colleagues on ther wlցllante
We probably rסח Party E of journal
We
Press opinion pation of
ап ореп
COSO kind of t the med:
If We journalis TI ostentatio opinion.
TI 4-9 Books, Art, Cinema and event World OLII of a pool word me: 2O Satire An inforn CCCLII Patior for the p the argot COTT TOT Lanka Guardian is published believe th fortnightly by Lanka Guardian private. T Publishers, South Asia Media sharing, Representatives, 3rd Floor, YMBA building, 290, Main We
Street, Colombo 1. ress in
eaders. If
SaratiΟΠ, be enhanc Editor: Merwyn de Siwa The act c
5 Politics
O People in the news
2. Special report
 
 

LETTER TO THE READER
her news, Another opinion
e Lanka Guardian is primarily a journal of opinion. he proper functioning of a pluralist democracy prethe free interplay of diverse opinions. The freer and we, the better.
the structure of the major media, the dominance of all and the conventional viewis - no aberration. What al, and therefore unhealthy, is the conspicuous absence opinions and perspectives which by calling into question challenging the all-too easily-accepted orthodoxies intelligent discussion:
colourless conformism has gradually overtaken the m media this is only the smallest Price we have to educated politically-conscious society, poor ventilation a dangerous health hazard.
should not be read as an unsparing stricture on our
in the press or on their competence. The constraints professional practice are visible even to the east ye. But the issues involved are far larger than journalism.
ire neither politicians nor academics although we shall
have need of both. We do not belong to any political are we backed by any big business. We are a group
lists striving to do what we think we know best.
hall have to rely heavily on the enthusiastic particithose who will join us in turning this Journal into and lively forum. It will respond more promptly of those views that are not often heard and to the hinking which is poorly or insufficiently projected in
.
may dignify this exploratory venture in Sri Lankan and embellish our ordinary wish with the formal n of a motto, it is: OTHER news, and ANOTHER
Perspective is by no means confined to domestic issues is. On the contrary, we are deeply concerned with the tside if for no other reason than a plain recognition nation's essential condition of dependence. If the ans anything, that is what Third Worldism - is all about. ned interest in world affairs ought not to be a private of the Privilegen Esia nor regarded as an irrelevance eople. In its bizarre and often frightening fecundity,
of latter-day ni internationalism has slipped into the currency, a term called "intellectual property." We at knowledge is the property that should be least he dissemination of informed opinion is a kind of
ave been advised to be lamps unto ourselves. The particular has been invited to light the path of our or common humanity the possibilities of personal so freely given to the artist and the saint, can only :ed by the larger endeavour of social emancipation. if informed discussion is itself a source of illumination.

Page 4
News background
SLFP revamp talks begin
he SLFP's Working Committee
has its first meeting after May Day to discuss an experts report on party re-organisation. The report, still a top secret, was handed ower to party president, Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike MP last month She will preside at the meeting.
The experts who took several попths to prepare the герогt consisted of Mr. K. Shinya, Dr. Rohanadeera, Mr. S. S. Wijeratne, Dr. Premadasa Udagama and Mr. K. Shanmugalingam. Party Secretary Mr. S. K. K. Sooriyaratchi, and Mr. Amura Bandaranalike MP chief organiser of the youth league, were also co-opted to this committee.
Some findings
While thic report has not been circulated some of the main findings of the experts and their recommendations include:
a) party needs stricler structures
for both policy-making and inner-party discipline because during the 7 years in office there were too many centres of power-official and unofficial.
b) danger of ad hoc and arbi
trary decisions can be avoided by creatiпg a policy-makiпg body (politburo) which will discuss, democratically debate and decide, ALL major policy issues, whether the party is in opposition or forms a governITE
c) District organisations must be strengthened and there must be genuinely democratic elections to the main controlling bodies of the party in order to make the Til truly representative, especially of grass-roots thinking.
d) The party must be democra
tised and modernised While day-to-day decisions
2
can be taken cials, major reached aft: tions. e) Discipline m
effective but
While these a Te thinking on re-or sion to appoint a for a re-appraisal laid by. A party s Broken promise and the disappoin UNP's own sup those who expect sulted in a natio support for us. thinking...We feel that the UNP als we cannot remai
mobilise this sup re-organising the village itself'.
TBre-emerges,
Though this sig SLFP self-confic new stTaims hawe the party level. caused by (a) Imal under a cloud of in and outside ( in-fight With Alm L' the youth facti controversiali si future nominati (60 to 70 percent
men) and asking. too.
(c) speculation “Ilangaratne lette
 

by the key offidecisions II nust be: er open deliberā
iustinot onlybe equally meted.
the broad lines of ganisation, a decinother committee of policy has been ource summed up: s, cost of living, timent among the Jorters, especially ted jobs, have reпwide upsurge of This is not wishful
it, and we think o knows it. But midle. We must
port and start by party from the
tilts āt Aurā
eneral renewal of ence is evidelit,
also appeared at Tle5 STSSE5 TB ny'stalwarts' being unpopularity withb) a generational Ira leading part of on and making atements about ol of - candidates
should be young for radical policies about the famous r” (to Mrs. Banda
ranaike) which mysteriously surfaced - in the LSSP paper (d) Aththa
Dinakara polemics have re-introduced. Sino-Soviet issues.
Citizen Felix Dias Bandaranaike seems to be sulking in the shadows (a party intellectual said "The ex-Law minister is non-est') with ex-Speaker Stanley Tillekeratne and Ratne Desapriya. Semana yake Inaking a bid to fill the void. Hector Kobbekaduwe, after a long absence re-appeared at the Kandy meeting. It is T. B. Ilangara tine who is engaged in a strong fight-back for his due place as "founder-member' Leading an unusually pugnacious attack on the leadership, on the conduct of certain youth leaguers and trade unionists, and on certain prominent personalities. TBI who was hooted at during some party semilars, believes, it could be
organised'.
TBI has made several direct (and hostile) references to Anura.
Fireworks - and fireworks
eteran observers of May Day
will be filled by a sense of deja Vu if they are drawn to the government-sponsored show at Galle Face Green. The Daily News of May 2, 1933, reports how the country's first May Day was celebrated by Mr. A. E. Goone- - singha, the Labour pioneer, in a “brightly illuminated Victoria Park, with 'a display of fireworks and all-night carnival'.
While fireworks of a different variety will be seen at other places
May Day ()
this May Day, a government party leader stated that the UNP's intention is NOT to
accentuate differences but the unity of the people. Music, Cultural events and a well orchestrated display by the armed services will hold

Page 5
May Day demonstration -
the huge crowd expected at Galle Face Green enthralled.
May Day (2)
Mr. Alavi Moulana, the SLFP's trade union boss, is confident that the SLFP's rally will draw the biggest crowd. For all of us, transport will be a big obstacle but the SLFP procession will demonstrate that the party has a strong trade union base, he said. Our main slogans Will be working class unity to defend existing worker rights, condemnation of anti-democratic acts and economic burdens on the people, and the political victimisation of trade unionists, workers, teachers and students.
May Day (3)
A polit-buro member of the LSSP told this journal: “Whatever anybody may say or claim, the ULF commands the most solid, organised politically-conscious sections of our working class. That should be
very clear to anyone who see our demonstration on Monday".
A total rejection of the so-called White Paper, he added, will figure prominently in our demands. Also demand for an immediate stop to further burdens on the masses at the dictation of the IMF, and a halt to the assault on civil liberties.
May Day (4) Mr. N. Sanmugathasan, a mem
ber of the Left movement's Old Guard, has been accorded the unu
sual privilege ol rally of the Nex now-following til opposing BPekin policies, he will
which Messrs W kara, Nanda ] Trotskyists and are billed to spe
If the PDP's Nanda Ellawela lapone rally w. U. L. F.'s troik
May Day (5 Mr. Rohana
ted to produce talkathon Satthe
Sri Lan ward
ingapore's
his unusual has come and g, ndly and non customarily ex сопme to fil0St But no visit so
the widely dive ment and oppo
tal , questions: model, econo foreign policy.
'Welcome it froпt-page bo government-ow Test Was all aWa
 

rger the Har biggச he ray
f presiding over the dering on a starry-eyed homage w" Left. A Maoist worthy of a Third World hero or he Albanian line in non-aligned champion. The media g'spresent foreign coverage (page 1 news, pictures, chair a meeting in feature articles, profiles and editoasudeva Nanayak- trials) would have made the leader Elawela, Maoists, ota major power proud. And all
assorted radicals, this for what wasn't even an "offiak. cial visit.
General Secretary, Nonetheless, its significance ought speaks at the Kiri- not to be under-stated precisely hat happens to the because the Lee visit brought into the open contrary currents of Sri Lankan thinking both at the level ) of organised parties and within the Wijeweera is expec- a wider intellectual debate. ne of his Castrûlike Dominant view
TownHall grounds.
The official or dominant view, as reflected in the press, reveals itself ka S. Lee in certain key words and repetitive phrases. Singapore is a 'success urch story' (and ought to be a model
for us) because Mr. Lee's "pragmatic' policies and his governments Lee Kuan Yew , and “dynamismo’’ and “efficiency” have ly large entourage not only made the country stable" ne. Hospitable, frie- and secure" but won "foreign -aligned Sri Lanka confidence' and achieved “econoends a War II. Wel-mic growth' and “prosperity. This visiting dignitaries. mainstream argument is: accompaforcefully surfaced nied by some fuss and fizz about gentviews of govern FTZ, ASEAN etc.
ition on fundamen
For a generation of exchangea sociopolitical stad ::: class Sri Lic. strategies, and Lankans, Singapore is "Change
Alley, the shopper's paradise with Mr. Lee” said a si all the “imported goodies”, we hardly 妻 editem in the see. This middle-class psychology led TIMES and the nurtured in conditions of an exanche of praise bor- change crisis, travel restrictions and

Page 6
the exaggerated desires for the scarce item, supports an arcadian vision of Sri Lanka as a larger Singapore. Hence that ardent refrain heard so ofien in upper-middle class drawing rooms "Why can't we be like Singapore?' or the rhetorical question “How did Singapore develop, ah?”.
Mr. Lee himself once used the word "Shangrila' to describe the ideal fulfilment (in his vision of human needs) of all the suppressed desires of the Third World poor. His remark at the Commonwealth Prime Minister's meeting in Ottawa earned an acerbic riposte from Mr. * Gough Whitlam, then Australian Prie Millister. “I thought'' said Mr. Whitlam "that Shangrila Was a 5-star hotel in Singapore
PAP quits
To the Sri Lankan opposition,and to all those not so dazzled by Singapore’s “success story”, Singapore is a near-police state which has outlawed the Opposition (keeping its leaders under detention without trial for 10 to 12 years), muzzled the press and all criticism, tyrannizes intellectuals, academics, trade unionists and all dissenters' With frightening efficiency. For the opposition parties (to judge by their пеwspapers). Singapore is a neocolonial outpost, and its nonalignment as phoney, as its “socialiSIm”.
The Socialist International which includes West Germany's Willy Bradt and the West German Social Democrats, Mr. Mitterand's Socialists, the ruling party in Israel up to last year, the Portugese & Spanish socialist parties, and the ScandinaWiam socialists, etc thTeatened to expel Mr. Lee's PAP for what it described as the PAP's 'shameless record' in the suppression of human rights. The PAP quit before it was Sacked.
Mr. Lee's visit was important for another reason. Mr. Rajaratnam and Mr. Hameedregretted the “dif. ferences' within the non-aligned movement. Those differences were already evident at the Colombo Summit. In fact, Mr. Lee whosent a message represented one extreme while another leader who did not attend the conference stood at the other end, Dr. Fidel Castro.
事
In his message
MT5. BLIldaranai concedic that Sri L in geпuine поп-ali peccable', but h credentials ofmai Dr. Castro's spok nel Gaddafi, from point. These t Singapore and Ca the Ilost brillia spokesmen of the within the non-al short, both men stand, and who and Who their ei difference, though ference is in Hawa likely to be in though Cuba is small population, a factor of consid in the calculati POWers.
Lee's 'messag Besides, an inve agreement and (minor, routine mi hard Substance eTT Lee's final Statem interesting-partic between the lines, master of the tos the deflationary p his 'message?
a) Our FTZ si early next y b) Things - wil ground in c) Some Singap
a look-see are satisfied,
d) If they suc likely to coi
e) Whatever in offer, big in calculations bility, and th Opposition, the FTZ, I with the Op know about.
f) I have omoti aucracy. Yo good in my specialist.

o the Chairman, e, Mr. Lee did inka's credentials gnment were “im: questioned the y others. So did esman and Colo
the other standwomen-Lee of tro of Cuba-are it and articulate e two tendencies igned group. In know where they their friends are, emies. There's a - Ext = na. (It is newer Singapore). And an island with a
Cuba is already.
erable importance oms of the major
stment guarantee soluble taxation atters) nothing of erged. Yet, Mr. ent was extremely ularly if öne read and Mr. Lee is a saway aside, and hase. What was
ites will be ready
I get off the 2-t-18 moths.
reals will have then, and if they
they'll invest.
ceed, others are 1.
centives you may vestors base their on political staLe strength of the if it is hostileto have no problems position; I don't
vated" my bureurs don't look too сyes, and I am a
TUs”
issue
statement
M ajor trade unions which cornprise the Action Committee of the joint council of trade unions have issued a joint statement on the the closure of training colleges, the mass transfer of teachers, the campus closures, police raids, and armed assaults and threats of revenge The unions illclude the Ceylon Federation of Trade Unions, Ceylon Federation of Labour, the Sri Lanka Independent Trade Union Federation, the Public Service Federation, the CeyCeylon Teachers Union, the Government Clerical Services Union, the Government Workers Trade : Union, the Ceylon Trade Union Federation, and the Bank Employees Union.
against students.
lon Mercantile
Union,
The statement deplores policies that would "put an end to free education” for the poor while pro
widing higher education for the
affluent.
It comideTnIs the closure ofteacher training colleges indiscriminate transfer of teachers. Describing how the boycott of classes at Peradeniya followed the interdiction of a teacher and the suspension of several students, in cluding the student president of Peradeniya led to token strikes at
Katlıbedde,
Widyala nkara
and the
ELIld
Colombo, the statement says that armed thugs from outside assaulted students at Widyalankara, attacked students at the Aesthetic Studies
School in Colombo, and how three students were kidnapped in a hija
cked CTB bus.
The statement calls for opening of all teacher training colleges, the cancellation of all interdictions and suspensions, the restoration of residential facilities and police restrain.
It further states that the organized Working class should not stand aside from the teachers and students' and declares their 'conplete solidarity' with students and teacher organisations.
H

Page 7
Politics
Young Tigers strike
The month's most dramatic rew5 story was the assassination of the CID team on the track of the men behind the attempted murder in January of Mr. M. Camaga ratnam MP, the Tam United Liberation Front member who had crossed over to the government after the November budget, the UNP's first. Of the three Tani officers killed one was Inspector Bastampilai, the CID's chief investigator of Tamil terrorSn.
Jhe 'Sun' which led off with the story followed it up with another well-informed report on a Tamil youth group called "Liberation Tigers'.
We republish some excerpts from an article that appeared in the FAR EASTERN ECONOMIC REVIEW (Feb. 24) entitled TIGERS ON THE PROWL". (Material useful only to the foreign reader have been excised).
fter the 1958 race riots many
educated Colombo Tamils (and some Jaffnese) severed all links with the country and found refuge in international agencies or in Britain, the US, Canada, Malaysia and some new African states which needed trained manpower. Those who did not flee were of two kinds. First, the really rich, succoured by that special feeling of security which goes with wealth. The Tamil aristocracy, with property inherited in Colombo was an accepted partner of the Sinhala Establishment. The Tamil neWrich, successful bussinessmen and professionals, have ready access to the charms of Colombo cosmopolitanism. Neither group was physically touched or felt the horrors of last August.
August was the cruellest month for the other group, the Tamil middle class-public officials,
teachers, bank traders. Over 10 30,000 left home Temain il Colo they are helpl; hoping that th communalism wi 20 years ?
Superiority: province (EP). T of the social backwardness of underdeveloped the north sha characteristics O. Kerala or Bengal distinctive traditi only a limited gcntisia. Jaffnå’s guarantees its do Tamili mOvermel sub-regional ri
Imake the EP
-developed peri tempted by the of the Sinhalace
Thus, the he Tamil nationalis the separatist id northern habitat. hearts and two II on Canaga ratnar a political act, raise a questior Worried Mrs. Bal National Securi
"Liberation гhetoгicalcгу га class TULF leal time. "Separatis brawural cor. Eht tactical pressur Establishmental TULFleaders, Im know that Jayew -powerful Presid on Sinhala or Tamil language greater recognitic titutionally, Ne nor Mrs. Bal Sinhala leader. futuге will accep Tail homeland. negotiable, TUL to accept other if they cling on t demand of a sepa

Mervyn De Silva
clerks and small What of the Tamil youth and the were killed, and militant activists within TULF's ess. Should they youth wing The police say that a bo knowing that clue left behind by Canagaratnam's Ss hostages but attackers points to a radical e next wave of underground organisation.
t - mot hit them for For the Tamil youth, there is no
light at the end of the tunnel.
The Eastern Nothing could be worse. Separation ami is a product may be an escape. A fierce commitand educational ment to what is perceived as the one of the most last option must feed not only a provinces. While reckless rage against the system but is some of the a coldanger againstall collaborators, FTamil Nadu, or even those whose commitment is the EP has no shown up as false or half-hearted.
nor cultured - Unsolved. In July 1975, dig''': Alfred Durayappah, tie Tamii 驚 Mayor of Jaffna, was gunned down 鷲醬 as he walked out of a Hindu temple sent S. t ဇို့ရှိ after his morning prayers. DurayS W 嵩 appah, a one-time Jaffna MP was a T PT prominent memberof.Mrs. Bandaraphery ဦ”ို " naike's then ruling Freedom Party. lure of patronage Arrests were made but the murder ft Te, remains unsolved. The name Young Tigers was first heard in Colombo at this time. Apparently, it was a band of tough young militants who, working under the umbrella of TULF, Tan an independent IRA -type outfit.
art and in ind of im that nourishes ea lie in its natural But are the Te two hinds. The attempt n's life and if it is
its implications - Several months later, a Tamil l, which seriously CID sleuth on the case was danaik and her mysteriously murdered. Last May, ty Council. two policemen investigating the murder Were trapped by a group of young men on bicycles. It was 9.30 am and the incident occurred near a busy bus station on the main Jaffna road. They were killed on the spot. The cyclists rode away calmly. The police could not find a single witness although at least 20 people saw it happening.
could be just a ised by the middledership at election m' may be mere its most serious, on the Sinhala ld the Government. ost of them lawyers, ardene, even ås i all cnt, will not retreat Earlier, there was an attempt to ly', though the blow up the car in which Chelliah may be granted Kumarasurier, Mrs. Bandaranalike's on, perhaps cons- only Tamil minister, was travelling. tither Jayawardene One of Mrs. Bandaranaikes top laranaike nor any party organisers, also a Tamil, was if the foreseeable shot at and his home set on fire. it the notion of a Abullet whistled past the ear of Dr.
If these are non Kailasapathy, President of the F may be readier Jaffna campus. A Tamil, he was
concessions even a sympathiser of the Janavegaya Otheir maximum
rate statesangipt: தமிழ்ச் 佐器儡9)
5
__ -- gr. = N.

Page 8
International news
Lebanon'
Religious war
or social upheaval?
hic i ciwi 1 stific im Lebanol
widely and misleadingly portrayed as a simple religious conflict, is reaching a new phase. Seemingly insulated from the flames of the protracted Arab-Israeli war, Lebanon saw her splendid isolation shattered by the civil war of late 1976-77. A bustling commercial and banking centre, and delightful Mediterranean pleasure resort, Lebanon was an eccentric middle. castern enclawer Whose I muchi-Waunted stability was supposedly emibodied in a covenant signed with the blessings of the French, the departing colonial power, before its post-war independence.
This facade could ever conceal the social realities, where the dividing lines of economic power and privilege became increasingly clear. If the rich Arabs had their Weath in LebaIlese banks (this money fled Beirut to Zurich just as the multinationals moved out to Athens and Nicosia after the civil War)
It for
it was the Christians who had as
stranglehold on the national economy. Their material interest, ideological outlook and life-style made them pro-western, less overtly pro-Israel but I always ner wolus that geography together with Islamic loyalties and Arab unity Would drag the country into the ATab-Israeli imbroglio.
Armed bands
In the face of an ill-equipped, inept Lébanese army, itself of mixed composition, Christian power and privilege was protected by armed bands, notably the Phalangist militia.
The seeds of future conflict lay as much in the contrived constitutional system as in the emerging tensions between the haves and have-nots.
he Israeli in
ern Lebanon, World as a mów, the PLO once a apparently achiev Days after the i reporting from Lebanon were death and destru the 25,000 stror which penetrate Lebanese land.
The attack Of Southern Le by the Israeli ai strike' ended up bloody mess of tation which ha calling back to of the Wietnames H.D.S. Greenway
 

SRAEL EING
SRAEL OCCUPEDTER
SRAEL OCCUPED TOWNS
ALESTINANATTACKS
ISRAEL
Surgery or butchery?
Wasion of southproclaimed to the e to "wipe ... out fld for all", has ed no such thing. In Wasio e WSIlen
Israeli-occupied aghast at the Iction caused by ng Israeli army d six miles of
In the Palestinians balon described IIlyas a surgical by being one mindless li dewasd : newspapeT men the Worst days. e adventLil Te. As of the Herald
Tribune described it, “It is clear that the Israelis used the same tactic that the United States used in Wietnam: concentrated shelling to hold down your own casualties but the Devil take anyone in the way, be they enemies or cjWilliam5."
From that devastation fled an estimated 200,000 Palestinian refugees who had seen their homes reduced to shell holes, their belongings destroyed. One group of Muslims, about 70 of them, were slaughtered inside a mosque not by the Israelis but by the Christian Lebanese of southern Lebanon Who Were earlier living with the Palestinians. Now they prefer an Israeli occupation to the return of the Palestinians. O

Page 9
Their
The large influx of armed
Palestiniams inmediately after King Hussein's Bedouin troops massacred the guerrillas in Jor
dan in the infanous "Black -- September' not only altered the correlation of forces inside Lebanon but helped the maturation of these latent conflicts, accelerating the processes of political and social change.
This Israeli doctrine of massive retaliation -- makes : Ino distinction between the Palestinian guerrilla enemy and those that afford it sanctuary, whether country, government, ог people.
Applied cleverly against Jordan in 1968-1970, the Israelis prodded King Hussein, in any case no sincere supporter of the Palestinians, to turn his murderous guns on the guerrillas, who then found their last refuge in Lebanon. The last sanctuary wasalso the only operational base (southern Lebanon) which could offer the minimum logistical support for commamdo raids on Israel pгорег.
Reprisal raids
In cross-border reprisal raids in the recent past, Israel has hit back with indiscriminate fury. so-called surgical strikes has been 10. butchery than surgery, and the victims have been guerrillas, Palestinian refugees and poor Lebanese Moslem villagers. Only the Maronite Christians with whorl the Israeli border forces have direct dealings are teatedasi *frieds". The Christian militia was also an act. ive ally of the Israeli invaders.
In any war, the poor suffer most. The vast majority of the Lebanese poor are Moslems. Today 500,000 are "refugees'- just like the Palestinians have been homeless for 30 years. Their holes and farms have been destroyed. Thus the divisions between rich and poor, Christian and Moslem are being = widened, with the Moslem villagers joining the Palestinian refugees as the wretched of the earth in what was once the Switzerland of the Middle East.
As the Israeli pull-back goes on, Israel may be satisfied that
it achieved the tary objective the guerrilla ba Litani Riverto called 'security failed in its breaking the b: timian resistance of tensions. Wit. however is an that Israeli may pated. If that vanced the u ni a people witho proved once m radicalizing - fact politics-theIsrael, the We conservatives.
India Opening for the
y an unusua
the Corint and the Com II u II (Marxist) held congresses in the and at the same first week of Ap of the conclusior deliberations to of the two part General Secreta Delhi.
An officialist the talks said were undoubte several issues, area of agreeme and CPI could, Left and de organisations an burning issues a There would be of views in futu action. With bette each other's pos their differences.
reconcilable
Though the as birth tot Wo - C) India took place tere: Were political tende former CPI foi Madurai congre 1953. The St
= الی:

immediate mili. of smashing up CSSouth of the establish a sobeltoewel if Is Tael ultimate airm of ck of the PalesThe exacerbation
which the CPI was subject after the collapse of the agrarian revolution in Telengana häd intensified factional confliets in the illegal party. The clever conciliation of its General Secretary at the time, Ajoy Ghosh, averted a split at its each succeeding crisis. But the
Lebanese society. Sino-Indian border war of 1962
n-military result
not have anticiprocess is adesolved future of it a country is Te to be the most Tim ArĒb World fear it common to
st and the Arab
coincidence, both Inist Party of India ist Party of India
their respective same State (Punjab)
time (the entire til). Within a Week of their respective p-level delegations ies, led by = their ries, met in New
tement issued after that, while there li differences on there was a large toil, how the CPM
along with other mocratic parties, groups, take up fecting the people. requent exchanges to follow unity in runderstanding of tion and to narrow
tual split that gawe mmunist Parties in as recently as 1964, wo irreconcilable cies within the
1 as far back as the s of the party in "ETE
repression to
- certain sectarian le
- China on the part of the CPMini
tially.
sharpcned internal antagonisms further and linked them. With doctrinalissues ofan explosive character. The split followed almost immediately.
ܐ ܕ .
Since the CPI fashioned its policies in the light of the perspective of National Democracy and the non -capitalist path of advance towards Socialism, as adopted by the gathering of world Communist Parties in 1960, it was natural to expect a leaning towards
But by 1967 these Maoist tendencies had already broken loose to take the path of Naxalite adventures and floatia separate CPI (Marxist-Leninist) in some areas of
West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh.
The eighth congress of the CPM, held at Cochin in December 1968, shed what remained of its Maoist sectarianis1 on a number of vital mational and internationali li jissues. When the Congress party split in two in 1969, the CPM was able to evaluate it objectively. In contrast, the CP = became Immore and Timore uncritical in its support of the Congress party is and Government under MFs. Indira - Gandhi and endorsed: her resort to dictatorial rule in 1975.
Notable step
The Te had been declarations Oil
both sides, after the rout of Mrs.
India Gandhi's Congress party by the Janata whirlwind early last year, that the CPM and CPI should move towards mutual co-operation. A notable step in that direction was
the self-critical resolution of the
CP's National Committee in December 1977. On the Side Of thlc CPM, its General Secretary, P. Sundarayya, resigned his post immediately after the 1977 General Election in protest against the party's general support of the Janata Party and Government.

Page 10
members in the Stat is today the bigg Assembly. Since members, the bas re-alignment of pe in the State of Ker mation of a Left Government. Thi base for the Front Kerala and Tripur the Left Front
The congresses of the two pa IIties have now taken these tendencies much further. At Bhatinda, the CPI congress has declared that four main mistake was in supporting the Energency itself." 1,122 delegates (with none against and 11 abstentions) endorsed this
Review Report'.
At Jullundur, the deland WELS
parties.
made by ex-General Sundarayya that there should be no political partnership of the CPM With the Janata Party. Though this was not conceded, the Political Resolution referred to "the antidemocratic and Teactionaryo" ante
dents of the main constituentsof the Janata Party" and the need for a "persistent ideological strug
gle” against its “Gandhian bour
*
geois ideology."
Agreement
There is a far-reaching identity between the positions taken by the CPM and CPI at: Jullundur and Bhatinda in the first week of April. Both of them agree that there is no basic difference between Congress and Janata, which are bourgeois Both of them call for the setting up of a Front of Left and Democratic Forces through a succession of mass struggles. Both of them accord a position of the high est priority in the programme of such a Front to a re-structuring of relationships between the Centre and the States, in which greater powers and expanded revenues will be enjoyed by the State Governments in terms of genuine federal principles.
It should be noted here that the demand for greater autonomy for for state Governments is the main slogan that the Left Front Govern ment of West Bengal has inscribed on its banner. The support exten ded to it by the CPI congress will mean both further strength to its campaign in West Bengal and direct support from within the Government of Kerala, if not from the whole Government.
EMIS Namboodripad, General Secretary of the CPM has repeatedly stressed that the test of the CPI's sincerity about a new Left and Democratic Front will be its policy in Kerala. The CPI has 23
8
Secretary
already is in powe
At a timic when Janata Party is : and the Indira C. sists in the defence the coming togeth munist Parties will ful opening forth
Pakistan
Bhutto
hangs (
G Zia соппе в to Blimp with E whose bluff an of-grapeshot, - wuzzies, got to who's top dog have made: all film comedy W as the lead, Bl WI CHIE: lt. I did so in the c fashion-while for a rapid politics and
tärried long en selfasa savi
cleanse the col
den he has pla shoulders.
How = long buffoonery w klowys för Pak economically Měanwhile MT. in his death c. stage for he most formidab precisely what Zia.

c legislature and est party in the the CPM has 17
A brilliant, aggressively airfrogant man Mr. Bhutto Was a bundle of contradictions. He played in
is exists for alternational Islamic politics, while
rties and groups ala and the forDemocratic Front 3 Woլյld mean ki
in West Bengal, a, in two of which cd by the CPI
the power of the rapidly dwindling ngress party PCI of its past actions, er of the two Com|provide a PWCT Left in India.
nכ
i5 = få caricatu Te life, a Colonel Punjabi accent bluster, whiffflog the – fuzzyteach the natives and all that may agreeable British ith Terry Thomas ut now the i man estore order-and ustomary soldier's preparing Pakistan return to civilian democracy has ough to see himjuu, * : * I - want tO IntTyʼ" is the buIced on his broad
this Bonapartist it last, nobody istan is in a mess, and politically, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto el hold's the Centre is still Pakistan's c figure. Which is
worries. General
trying to make his country more secular, Though he swore by the Korau, especially when he faced the popular pressures generated by strong religious sentiment, yet he was a moderniser. As such he fell foul of the nullahs, the powerful priesthood. He gave a nation long accustomed to millitary rule, a civilian government and a semblance of dem CCTa.cy. yet, he was cunning conspiratorial and in the end repressive in dealing with political oppoments iike Wali Khan.
Mr. Bhutto's appeal Was to come before the Supreme Court on May 6. His lawyers have asked for time for work on the 2000 page record of evidence. The earlier trial has been criticised on many grounds. Before the trial began General Zia had already pronounced Mr. Bhutto a murderer. Much of the damning evidence was one man's testimony—-the world of Mr. Mahmud, head of the hated Federal police (a Bhutto creation) Who had been detained and later released apparently on the promise Լյք total immunity.
Neither law nor morality Will decide Bhutto's fate. It will be decided by General Zia's fears about his own future if Bhutto lives, and the attitude of Pakistan's influential aid-givers. Colonel Gaddafi and the Arab Emi rates have appealed on Bhutto's behalf. The Shah of Iran has kept silent and King Khalid's feelings are not yet known.
There is a third factor, a great imponderabie. There could be fations in the Army that think General Zia has put himself in the corner he cannot get out of Zia still talks of elections and civilian government, but the ппаіп орроsition is not taking the bait. Will such officer groups decide that Zia has over-stayed his welcome, make a martyr out of Mr. Buitto, and use that very issue to oust the General"

Page 11
Portugal
Food rationing
ܒܕܓ .
in offing 2
ortugal may become the first PENER, in Western Europe to introduce food rationing since the 1950's. Announcing large increases in subsidised food prices, Trade Ministe. Horta i såld recently that - Portugal - can no longer import or subsidise food at present levels. Already transport, electricity and gas charges have gone up by 50% while the housewife's 'shopping basket' has seen a rise of 10% to 38% in certain essential items. These increases, cuts in social costs and higher taxes are part of an IMF
Young Tigers (Fronn page 5).
(People's Force) group of Kumar Rupasinghe.
Then the National Security Council concluded:
* All the targets were Tamils. The attackers were scruplously avoiding any confrontation with the Sinhalese. The victims would be branded by their assailants as "traitors' or "collaborators';
If collaboration must be forcefully discouraged in the first phase of planned terrorism, the
package to resc CCQI) Oly.
The IMF rei to a political with some of groups, includin which supported socialist party, support. The I. negotiations and after Premier new coalition witi Wici CDS. attempt to pl (Portugal hasa ship) i Dr. Soa conservative as Selor Machlad collective farms owners and pro pensation to foi
In a recenti TIMES: Lond explained Po Strategy:
(Q) Do you sti
possible to
next target Would be the infras
tructure of the "occupation'
- probably the police; |
Out of a shared antipathy to the police-occupation force or from a sense of racial kinship or ordinary fear, witnesses would not talk;
The Indian connection had to be carefully watched.
In a burst of bravado, Amirthalingam told a Colombo seminar just before the election that any Sinhala government should learn the lessons of Northern Ireland.
 
 
 
 

ue Portugal's sick
commendations led crisis in Lisbon the parliamentary g the Communists Dr. Mario Soares' withdrawing their MF called off the di resumed taks Soares for Illed a with the conserIn an obvious ease the E.E.C. pplied for Iembertes appointed a Foreign Minister, , restored many to private landmised full corneign owners.
Interview with the DI, DT. Scares rtugal's Cill Teilt
II think it will be reduce the current
est You Let Them vote and the Nest Thing. They Wan Their Ballota 6Courted.*
(A) That is our wager. We know
(Q)
(A)
account deficit for 1978 by 800 million dollars as denianded by the IMF?
it's difficult but we are garnbling on it, not because it is the recipe of the IMF but because it is a veritable patriotic imperative.
That means a reduction of 500 million dollars this year?
Yes, it is going to be a big shock for the country, and will oblige us to adopt a very severe austerity policy, with enormous social costs.
(Q) Could you define the main
(A)
lines of the strategy?
It's mainly this determination to reduce the balance of payments deficit, accepting the consequences of this
reduction, for expansion, for 圣 employment and for inflation.
W. J.
菲 aggers as

Page 12
In the News
Strange bedfellows
A. 65 Ha Imilton Shirley Ameriasinghe is perhaps Sri Lanka's oldest civil servant, but the secret of his long success is the enwy of many a youпgeг пnaп, His rise to the top did not take hill right up to the 38th floor, to the office of the United Nation's Secretary General, but he has managed to make UN history by being clected President of the Law of the Sea Conference without being a member of bis "country's diclicgation.
With a rose in his button hole and silwer on his hair, Shirley does cut quite a figure in his 300 dollar suits. But in his case it is not only the clothes that help to make the man, his speech, too, bespeaks him well. His wit, not caustic like Menon's has won him many a round of applause. Once he told Abba Eban, Israel's multilingual Foreign Minister (he is fluent in eleven languages) that his 9 point 'peace plan' presented soon after the six day war did not come up to his country's best traditions-Moses had 10 Commandments, Mr. Eban is modest enough to give the Arabs only 9.'
His calm and patience in moments of crises has helped * him_to_smooth out many a TaWelled Conference. In Caracas he scored a signal success in bringing the stormy Law of the Sea Conference t0 = 0 Tider When it met for the first time and gave himself the chance to tell the delegates that the "Seabed can make strange bedfellows.“
Prize acquisition
At Maharajah's - where the boast is that they get "the best пnan at any price" a prizе асquisition is a former Minister of Communications and the top man in the LSSP's organising bureau,
10
Anil Moonesingl ling and active
der is the found United Ceylքn 1 With Maharajah" man to keep the попnic empire t oni-the labour f of Anil is not
busting as for
Anit - for lahøj
The Lanka San
great white hope Will now direct
the Maharajah-R tell the Manager the workers hap for the Maharaj former SLBC bo. singha, a blue-e. Bandaranalike reg younger brother,
wife.
Sikh joke
The Observer its mixed-up Fonda vas p Foreign Minister til Lles to mäki grow fonda with faux pas. Wher Commissioner G featured by the the article began sheiks (sic) but : Singhs'. Did H who this remail häWe his OWIn tol
 
 
 

1a. Amil, a busttrade union -- leaing father" of the Mercantile Union. 's looking for a ir widening - ecorim, particularly ront, the choice 2xactly for labour abour boosting.
Ιr όσο της
a Samaja Party's for the future his attention on enault link-up and ment how to kecp py. Also working ahli Group) is the 38 SL5 i Mjolleyed boy of the gime and Anil's
Likewise Susil's
'', renowned for
captions (Peter resented as our
Hanecd) conhe Teaders”-heart its delectable Indian High urban Singh was Sunday Observer 'All Singhs are nota11 = Sheik5 = are is Excellency to rk Was attribuited ngue in his cheek
:
or was this another observer tongue-twister
As his turban proclaims the Indian High Commissioner. Who says farewell next week after a three year stint is a Sikh. Doubtless he'll take this gaffe with регfect aplombs and may even turn the other cheek. To avoid such mistakes in the future, Observer feature Writers should be told that His Excellency is a Sikh but definitely not a sheik (as far as we know). And it is his wife who is a chic.
Trouble shooter
In Delhi's Defence colony where clannish Sri Lankans often get togethe for a kaha buth and kukul mus on Sundays whispers are afloat of a huish-hush wisit to Indira Gandhi by a local W.I.P. The description of the mysterious visitor fits the UNP's top troubleshooter (free-lance) and cha Trining
globe-trotter Esmond Wickrema
singhe- last in the news with his polemical broadside on the I.M. F. negotiations.
Tempted by the obvious local på rallel, the UNP got - plenty of propaganda mileage from the mother-son, cow-and-calf slogan at the July polls.
When Big Chief J.R. was atten ding the Commonwealth confab, Esmond was in Sydney for the TPI Illeeting. He stopped over in Delhi for the UNESCO-sponsored (пеws agencies) experts' group discussions on his way back to Colombo on his way to Cairo (for the Edward R. Murrow Foundation seminar on non-aligned news) enroute to Stokholm on his Way back to Colombo... ... on his Way to China leading a gang offive Indial Del.
Noble not Nobel
The Noble Prize, - not the Nobel Prize, - came the way of John Kenneth Galbraith famed economist and former US Ainbassador last Ionth. If it was being awarded by APHIA they were really being funny because APHIA Stands for the Assocja

Page 13
tion for the Promotion of HumOur in International Affairs.
A joke now and then, APHIA believes, could relieve much of the grim determination with which nations pursue their ambitions. So the Imembers of APHIA thought Galbraith was a scream when he suggested that international frontiers bc redrawn Iuch as North Dakota has been into the shape of something like a trapezium.
Galbraith's Suggestion that *“Straight, un mistaka ble frontiers (as in the case of North Dakota) which would cut right through
Na RTH EAKetA
Is this the shape of the n Tutule
every animosity, however cherish. ed,” did not i quite i draw i gales of laughter from the 6U0 members and guests who turned up in Paris for the luncheon award, but it was generally, thought that it would "remove great power rivalry by liquidating the great powers,'
But the funnier remark that Galbraith made concerned the latest position about the American dollar. "People used to come to our place in Gstaad,' Galbraith said referring to his Swiss ski-slope winter home, and ask me, “Ken what's going to happen to the dollar?. Now they don't come aпу поге. It's happene.
LANKA, GUARDIAN Subscription rates
-5 ...hs Rsםחסוח ל 3
6 months Rs... 3
| year Rs. 60/- From
The Circulation Manager, Lanka Guardian Publishers. South Asia Media Representatives, 3rd Floor,
YMBA-building, 290, Main Street, Colombo 1.
Press
Protect ng Ma
t is clear tha
had to bow protest even it carried on a p. effect that this be no May D Of coul Tse, the and the Comme day has no sig United National the day is only make political little importanc for the UNP of power is no that it is in po
As foT the S Party this part) in power was enthusiam for t Cause it is uma ship to the wo has to be sa setting up of May Day has gr. and to a certai Come a threät
A fine exampli
RS the
policy state Korea by M While he was o.
· up office as SI
sidor to the ACCOrding tot Fernado is
said “ “It is o Ir best way to de is to follo With Korea. In two
Lanka will i ope South Korea. W presidential syst the pace of dew
 
 
 

y Day
t. gOWETIT ment has to the voice of hough its media ropaganda to the time the Te Will ay demonstrations. May Day holiday moration of this nificance for the 1 Party. For them an occasion to capital. Ewen the this day had when it was out t, to be seen now IWEIT,
Ti Lanka FTCcdoIII
too, when it was
una ble to generate his II OCCassion beble to give leaderrking class. But it id that with the the United Front own in importance Il extent has beto the UNP.
-Јапadiпа
Observer carried a ment made in South II. B.J. Fernando In his Way to take i Lanka "S AmbaUnited Nations. he Observer Mr. reported to have opinion that the velop our country e example of South months time Sri in an embassy in We too adopted a em to quicken elopment as South
Korea has done. Developing countries cannot depend on the parliamentary system for national development. Sri Lanka will support the policies i adopted by South Korea atmon-aligned, conferentes and international gather
| What Mr. B. J. Fernando is saying, in other words, is that Mr. Jayawardena of Sri Lanka is also following South Korea. That he has made himself President to become i a dictato Ti like
Park Chung Hee. That he has no faith in the parliamentary system.
Mr. B. J. Fernando's Statement appeared on the 14th of March. To date MT. FcIIaIldo hlas I mot denied his statement. The fact that the government has remained silent for a month compels us to infer
that this is the policy of the gOWernment. In that case it is a
dangerous thing.
--Aththa
விகேசரி
활를
Tamil needs
the spheres of education and transport the Tamil speaking people are confronted with insurmountable obstacles and hardships. Whether it is the farmer or the worker, the teacher or the trader or any other section of the Tamil community their leaders have repeatedly pointed out that the facilities and opportunities extended to the majority community are denied to them. Only after meeting the needs of the majority community the authorities make a vain attempt to inquire what the needs of the minorities are.
From the distribution of essential consumer goods to the various Services гепdered by state agencies no one can deny there is blatant discrimination. As this situation has gone on from year to year serious political issues have arisen and геvolutioпагy remedies are
suggested.
-Virakesar

Page 14
Current topic
Storm clouds ov
he widespread trade union protest over the
““White Paper om Employment Relations" has apparently eased. Or is it just the calm before the real storm? The government seems to hawe made a significant concession when the Labour Minister told the N. S. A. that the proposed law would apply опly to state sectoг епmployеes апd -
not to the private sector. Yet the TLIImblings of discontent have by no means died down.
The White Paper, in its original British and HMG sense, is in itself a mis nomer. What has been published by the Ministry of Labour is no document broadly outlining government thinking on a given question in order to promote public and parliamentary discussion. It is a draft law of four chapters and 127 sections with a preamble and the standard opening "Be it enacted by the National State Assembly......"
No proposed legislation has provoked so many protests from so many relevant quarters so quickly as this 'White Paper'.
Mr. S. Thondallan MP is the President of the island's biggest single trade union, the Ceylon Workers Congress, which controls a large segment of plantation labour in an area of economic life vital to Sri Lanka's interests. Nor is he an inveterate critic of the government or a blind supporter, Asked for his reactions, he made this pithy observation: "I wonder whether some enemy of this government helped to draft this document'. He told this correspondent that he had addressed the government at the highest level urging many important modifications.
Black paper
Mr. Bala Tampole, General Secretary of the well-organised independent Ceylon Mercantile Union which has a strong base among clerks, described it as a "black paper".
The CMU leadership has argued that some sections of the White Paper could be regarded as violations of ILO conventions on workers' rights.
The Christian Workers Fellowship says that certain 'new' ideas incorporated in the draft law not only violate papal encyclicals on the basic rights of workers but would lead inevitably to the extinction of the trade union movement.
The position of the major unions and federations affiliated to opposition parties, whether of the SLFP, the ULF or any other, is even more uncompromising in its criticism of the provisions of the While Paper and its ultimate aims.
12

-
Special report
er White Paper
What is the real substance of the proposed measure? The Research Division of the Centre for Society and Religion produced recently a study which analyses the contents of the White Paper in the perspective of labour legislation in this country, notions of fundamental rights and natural justice, the trade union movement, social Welfare and democracy. This article is based largely on its conclusions.
Hire and fire
In effect, the provisions of the White Paper "reduces human labour to a mere commodity that can be bought and sold, hired and fired in the market",
An employer is empowered to terminate the services of any employee on the payment of fixed compensation, and such termination cannot be questioned under the provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act.
The compensation is computed thus: * Less than 1 year's employment-6 months wages
* Less than 10 years - 24 months * Less than 20 years - 30 months * Over 20 years -- 36 months.
If the salary is over 2000/- per month, the compensation will be calculated on the basis of 2000/-
This 'new' power is wested in the employer under Section 23.
Domestic inquiries
The White paper seeks to institutionalize 'domestic inquiries' (a welcome feature) but if an employer sacks a Worker for breach of obligations or alleged misconduct, the decision of the domestic inquiry cannot be questioned under the Industrial Disputes Act unless the employee can prove bad faith on the part of the employer. In short, the burden of proof has shifted from the employer to the employee, from accuser to accшsed. is is a clear reversal of the law as it now stands.
Right to strike
While many unions claim that the White Paper attempts to impose what in reality is a total ban on strikes, other critics of the draft law say that the right to strike has been severely abridged.

Page 15
At present, there are restrictions on this right now regarded universally as part of the worker's right of association and collective action in the protection of his legitimate interests. These restrictions include: (a) 21 days notice in the case of an essential industry; (b) any strike that seeks to alter by pressure a collective agreement, award or settlement under the Industrial Disputes Act is an offence; (c) a strike to alter a labour tribunal award is an offence; (d) a strike concerning a dispute referred to an Industrial court is illegal; (e) no strikes in police, armed forces etc.
The new restriction outlaw strikes in essential
services, and make it an offence to seek to alter any decisions made by Employees Councils or Conciliation Commission, There can be no strike anywhere without 21 days notice as stipulated in
Clause 29. Nor can there be any strike over a dispute that has been referred to an Employees Council or Conciliation Commission.
Welcome features
The relevance of this, i according to the Centre’s study, is that a new industrial relations system is being installed in which the role now played by the trade unions is vested in Employees Councils and Conciliation Committees a system which in practice, will vastly enhance the power of the employer making a mockery of the conciliation process. The conciliation device is in fact being used to divert, delay and toward collective action by workers.
High-level commissions of inquiry, lawyers and academics have presented considered judgments on the Right To Strike, While there has been criticism of irresponsible unionism, and the economic cost of strikes has been deplored, the right itself has been recognised as a basic and cherished liberty. (See boxed items)
Citizen's right
It is an offence to aid or abet any person who is a party to an illegal strike or lock-out. Technically, if you give five rupees or a packet of rice to such a person, you will be committing an offence unless you prove that you did not intend to so aid or abet.
The Centre's study enumerates the following positive features:
* Definition of casual and temporary labour
and measures to stop abuse.
Limitation of period of probation.
* Extension of Wages Board terms and conditions to those not specifically covered.
* Equal wages irrespective of sex.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

A sacred right
The Industrial Disputes Commission which submitted its report in 1970 consisted of a distinguished panel of lawyers and Judges, Mr. H. W. Jaywardene QC, Mr. S. R. Wijayatlake and Mr. T. P. P. Goonetieke. It observed:
We are fairly convinced that as a general rule strikes are founded on some grievance, real or fancied, but the unfortunate aspect of these strikes is the failure of the partles to make use of existing machinery to settle grievances without causing damage to the economy of the country. The right to strike which labour considers as almost a 'sacred right' should be left inviolate. But that should not preclude the due implementation of the existing legal provisions, themselves but round that concept, so as to avoid strikes, minimise their effects, and to Sette these”.
O
The one weapon
The right to strike is one of the most fundamental rights eாjoyed by employees and their unions and is an Integral part of their right to defend their collective economic and social interests. The right generally follows from the right of workers to organise for trade union purposes and the right to bargain collectively. The Justification for the right to strike is the fact that it is the one weapon which can correct the unequal bargaining position of employer and employee"
- "The Legal Framework of Industrial Relations in Ceylon' by S. R. de Silva
* Termination of wife's children's services on husband's termination stopped in plantation 5623COI
* Acceptance of the principle of employees participation in management through Employees Councils and worker representatives on Boards.
Half-wages during suspension.
* Acceptance of principle of employees parti
cipation in profits, O
13

Page 16
Feature Section
Opinion
Understanding ed
he partial removal of food sub
sidies marks, in my opinion, the beginning of a process which has as its airm the dismantling of the welfare system, a structure which in the conventional wisdom of the World Bank and the IMF is a serious impediment to our cconomic growth. While no attempt is made to disguise that fact in the matter of the food subsidies, in the areas of Education and Health however- the very services Which We are Wont to hold
up to the world as our finest achievements in Welfarism - the means adopted appears to be
indirect and gradual.
The public has not yet fully realised, for instance, that the recent devaluation (or whatever it is called) will drastically reduce the foreign exchange component of the appropriations for such services. The import of books, periodicals, science equipment, etc will have to be cut sharply. Text books in medicine, engineering accountancy etc (even in the cheaper paper-back editions) have risen in price far beyond the reach of all except the affluent a fact to which I shall revert later.
Purpose
My purpose, however, is not to examine economic policies (a task, in any casc, outside my competence) but to interpret the implications of recent official utterances on educational change. The manifesto of the ruling party offers us no clear clue to what the future holds for us in this respect, unless we are guided by the theory of “contraries” in the popular interpretation of dreams, and take the promise of 8 lbs of cereals as a pointer.
We have then only ministerial and official pronouncements as
14
What does the
colleges mear ? E.. edifies the Ilir; Ileted his... long pul as Director of El ir2 yired, armu7ng othi Kalpage, the Secr Ministry of High Mr. Bogoda Pri Principal of Roj Cofferf i 77 a fhis
reported in the di recent actions : li down of Training by. But their tr I wenture to th properly gauged the shadow cast welfare state by IBRD. I do mot without stronger government has the welfare state sort of 'double O with international
Costs
But We must II it is Tot i the institutions to gr substantial help accommodations that have comm to Welfare measu a socialist econo capitalist есопо Scandinaviaп, сап therefore not unire that the rising c. cation is i a fad large in the thir agencies and the p sel they offer their
The recent u prompted thosei cation to remind of how much it to train a teach student at the lu does the country for this vast exp

ucational change
Plosing of frπίπfης
. de Mi plications corriplic service Career ducation. We have ers, Prof. Stanley tary of the new Yr Education, ariad maratne, former all College, to drfice.
aily press and ke the closing Colleges to go uel significance ink cannot be unless We note upon the whole the IMF and the
wish to imply ividence that the staked all that C0Illiotes r quits' gamble
agencies.
ot forget that policy of such ant massive or or financial to countries tted themselves res which only пy or advanced my, like the sustain. It is alistic to presume ist of free edutor that a looms king of these escriptive counaspiring clients.
rest has thus charge of edu
us constantly costs the nation r or educate I a.
niversity. What get in return nditu Te ?
іп - а .
E. H. de Awis
Every teacher in training is on full pay for two years during which a substitute has to employed. Thus the cadre has to carry six to seven thousand teachers in excess of the actual needs of the schools. The minister apparently thinks that the sale results can be achieved through in-service training, by releasing teachers for short periods of 3 months. In this way, a considerable sawing could be attained. Besides, such teachers need not then be paid the higher trained teachers salary, a further cut in expenditure. Finally, it is not clear whether the Training Colleges would be scrapped altogether. The cost of cducation, not its quality, seems to be the paramount consideration.
The history of education affords us an example of how'our masters' set about the business of education' at minimum cost. It is a story worth recalling. Dr. Andrew Bell, head of the Male Orphans Asylum in Madras was faced with a strike by his staff. A resourceful man he had a few of his senior pupils teach the brats. The experiment was so successful that he was soon able to dispense with much of his regular staff
Monitorial system
Joseph Lancaster adopted a plan in England whereby it was possible to educate children at an annual cost of 5 shillings, per head. In introducing a Bill in the House of Commons a Iminister asserted: 'there has been discovered a plan for the instruction of youth which is now brought to a state of perfection, happily combining rules by which the object of learning is infallibly attained with expedition and cheapness'
This is the famous monitorial system' to which we are not

Page 17
strangers, Indeed it cost only Rs. 5/- annually to educate a child in the vernacular schools in the early years of this century.
An in-service training of 3 nonths is all that is necessary for would-be monitors to learn the tricks of the trade'. In fact, in-service training is a necessary corollary of the monitorial systen. Its re-introduction would certainly close the hearts of foreign pundits who say we are 'overcducated' and of our financial agencies which say We are wasting ISOLCS
First casualty
Rightly or wrongly, universities all over the world earn the reputation of being "hot-beds of subversion' where young intelletuals who I dream of remoulding the World are fascinated by "foreign' ideologies. Thus,
universities become the first casualty of political upheaval, particularly in countries which
come under the sway of military dictators and repressive rulers. Fortunately, wc-i have mot seen in recent months any un rest of that sort or any excesses that justify drastic action.
Why then the decision to do away with residential universities? Is it just an aberration or an act of educational vandalism? Surely the explanation lies in the lewerrising cost of maintaining resi. dential universitics
Once the campuses are scattered and present resources distributed, two objectives can be served to make the whole plan truly attractive. Costs can be reduced while student-tcacher communities are dispersed in a way that will make then "manageable' units.
While the quality of education will suffer on account of the dispersal and diffusion of resourCes, material : and human, the affluent need not be unduly perturbed.
I have already alluded to the high cost of imported journals, textbooks etc. The re-introduction of the London A lewel has absolutely no significance to those who cannot proceed for higher
studies abroad. cisely why it the context of exchange for tr tion. But what afford it
Yet another id Will be hailed classes whose urbam schools teaching stand maintained and is not so for in their homes. choose English of instruction...) in the campus
Books Not all the quo
from Reggie - Siriwa
April 1977: A Leftist Adventure, Sily). (Inding R
t Wals Once SE
English literar 'shared with it ledge of changi yet of believing equally infallib Dr. Colvin R. d ропnроus and p this pamphlet doubt that he has of himself.
Yet the very til aniñOLIÇICS Ach degres turn, a on the part of his party, in c events of 1971, less egotistically
Mr. Sir yara known literary, Critic. He is δείτείαήμ ή η Moteriërs ir Sri
 

And that is preis significant in iberalised foreign Wel land educa
percentage can
emocratic' change by the upper children go to where English ards have been for whom English eign' a language They can now is their medium an certain that es of Colombo
ptes
enin
rdena
Foredoomed Ultraby Colvin R. de s. 27- Ananda Press)
iid of a certain y critic that he e Pope the privi1ghis mi nd and himself to be e at all titles". e Silva's familia T ontifical tone in lea Ves us in no
the same opinion
le of the pamphlet undred-and-eighty wholesale revision, Dr. de Silva and haracterising the which, in anyone
cocksure than its
πα is the weli дrї алтd drттria so le Farrer
e Civil Rights f : LaTrika
and Jaffna, large numbers will opt for English as their medium of instruction.
Slowly but surely the best talents' will choose English and enter the Colombo campus (if they
have not found openings abroad).
and some campuses Will be "more equal' than others. Soon, these few campuses will be elitist preserves as su rely as the primary schools of Colombo 7 are the nurseries of the affluent. They too will take on the colouring of the area, the social environITLCIt.
author, would call for an explaination, if not an apologia. Ultraleftist'? One rubs one's eyes incredulously. Between mid-1970, when the JWP surfaced publicly, and post-April 1971, the recurrent burden of the LSSP's prpaganda was that the JWP was not ultra leftist but ultra-rightist-in factthe criminal and fascist arm of the UNP'. The phrase comes from the LSSP, directed Nation of 16th March 1971, which went on to say, 'Behind it stands the UNP, ready with funds, transport and personnel. Behind the UNP stands the si CIA, I drcaming of another Indonesia.'
A week later. (this was barely a fortnight before the insurrection) the Nation returned to the subject with the question, 'What
is to be i done?””. The si question has Leninist echoes, but the answer the Nation gawe was
very different from Lenin's. 'The Security Forces must strain-every пегve to bring the true organisers of this dastardly plot into the light of day, and supporters of the Government must give them all the assistance possible. We would suggest once again that it is high time the Government set up a secret service to combat political conspiracy.'
Ultra-right or ultra-left?... Much
more : tham a li difference of a syllable was involved. It was precisely by labelling the JWP
"fascist agents of the UNP and the CIA' that the LSSP leader
15

Page 18
ship was able to convince its following that any methods were permissible and legitimate in order to CFush. Lhe "fascist threat. The sinister implications of the last quotation (a ni invitation to the party following to turn police informers) were realised a fortnight later in the crosion of conscience— not merely of socialist conscience but of plain humanitarian feeling-in the ranks of the LSSP in the face of the massacres and tortures of April. Hellcę Dr. N.M. Perera's motorious “no-mercy" broadcast at the - height of the insurrection; hence his 1971 May Day call to 'smash this reactionary terrorist movement, Fascist in intent and content"; hence (on the same May Day) the Nation's white-washing of "excesses: "If the truth is to be told, the Government has not only been humane but has shown the most extraordinary forbeaance under very difficult circurmstances,
As for Dr. Colvin R. de Silva himself, one episode will suffice to show how far the erosion of conscience went in his own particular case. Early in 1972 the Civil Rights Movement announced that it was setting up a fund to assist families who were destitute on account of the bread winner being under detention (it must be remembered that these detenues were not even convicted persons but only suspects, and that the great majority of them were ultimately released without being charged). Dr. de Silva used the occasion of the debate on the CJC Bill to attack CRM for this proposal, comparing it to the action of anybody who collected Iloney to help wives and children of foreign enemy soldiers when their country was at War
As CRM said in a Press reply to Dr. de Silva at the time: “We believe that nobody whose natural human feelings have not been completely blunted will want ППОСЕПt Wives aПđ childГЕП to suffer for the actions or supposed actions of their husbands or parents.' Dr.
Felix Dias Bandaranaike-the most vehement supporter during
16
de Silva, not : inappropriately, was-next to Mr.
the same debate which (among provisions) - Ila admissible even extorted by for
When the SI the pamphlet in talks of the is and the most of the insurrecti strength of th spirit and fery mũre tham – 31 donc had been PöckSIliff ÖT MI
I have said that the questic
pamphlet are
than political concern simple human decency. needs to be sai tical argument i battery of quot: Dr. de Silva arg tion "must rely tionary upsurg: that there was in April 1971, JWP, tried to di titute a conspiri party for the W
MITęOWÈT DIT, on to put th
insurrectionists if they "disarined
the Inasses i pol the to the Ri for a whole pe
 

ferirgery - Security ser Pfre strafred eFery Herre
of the CJC Bill, otheT. rınıconstTou1s ide confessions if they had been ::
he gentlemaп, тіп Dw i under review, heer determination heroic sacrifices onists' and "the eir revolutionary our', one feels little sick, as if listening to Mr. - Childbä1ld.
nough to suggest ns raised by this Imore elementa Ty questions—they good taste and But something d about the poliin it too-With à tions from Leninues that insurrec, upon a revoluof thic people”, no such upsurge and that what the was to subsatorially organised orking class.
de Silva goes Le blame On the or the fact that and disoriented itically, pushing ght and Reaction riod, as has been
amply demonstrated anew and on a decisive scale in the results of the 1977 General Election.'
There are two things that need to be said about these arguments.
They ignore the fact that the insurrection was a reactiona desperate reaction- to the
opportunism of the LSSP (and CP) in and after 1964. If, on the authority of Lenin, We are to Corldemll the JVP for Substituting a conspiratorial party for the working class, what are we to say, on that same authority, of those who sought to substitute for the working class — Mrs. " Bandaranaike? And as for Dr. de Silva shuffling off on the insurrectionists the responsibility for the electo Talli Tout of the left in 1977, the only appropriate comment would seem to be a Biblical one: "Thou hypocrite, first-cast out the beam out of thine own eye; and then it shalt thou see clearly to cast the mote out of thy brother's eye."
All this does mot means that the tragic experience of April 1971 should not be sifted and its portentous lessons for the future underlined. But that is a task for those - who are un stained by political complicity in the repTession and the HOTTors of 1971 Here's the smell of the blood still: not all the quotations from Lenin will sweeten these hands.

Page 19
*(
主
папірulators
India observed
India Watching: The Media GameAmita Malik. Vikas Publishing House,
977
Sarath Amun ugama
severy Sri Lankan who has lived abroad will know the image of India is of more, tham passing interest to us. For all our patriotic fer Wour Sri Lankans abroad are often taken to be Indians. No amount of heated debate really convinces the average Westerner otherwisc. On the Tchad, in the underground, it all 'social gatherings' we are taken to be representative of the four hundred Oddmillion Indians whom Westerners like to believe, live on the brink of starvation, I remember winning a long argument With a professor's wife on a Wancouver Campus on this very subject only to be reminded that, after all, our ancestors came from Bengall
Amita Malik, the well known Indian journalist and broadcaster, has attempted to examine the way in which India is perceived by media people in several countries. Her odyssey has taken her to the Middle East Eastern and Western Europe, U.S.A. and Canada. She has talked to journalists, radio, T.W. and advertising people. She has also met influential personalities like Yehudi Menuhin, Jack Anderson, Roberto Rossellimi, John Grigg and Abe Rosenthal who hawe shown a special interest and concern about India. What do the people who control the media in these countries-the of inforlation in this electronic age-think of India?
According to Malik the conwentional view of India - a big som nolent giant, unable to stir itself. It is steeped in poverty, superstition and prejudice and goes about with a begging bowl" is no longer widely held. Instead
TIL
she is 'convince —emeгged as a
and our Waterg in a catha Isis y lift our media The endearing I Illot deteriorated Thälmer_im Wh electorate gave tarianism has p is indeed, the in the World. with all their recognised this. image abroad 1 bright indeed'.
Toonaive: Fr. too naivic and good friend of II by this assessim Malik hils been feet by the jou Which flowed til 15 of 1977. is a more ful for this misjud concentrated he sively on her in people associate in the countries It is a classic Selection". In imago e abroad muh more COI of factors.
Malik has so For instances place of Krish) United States favourite “whip press. His stan supposedly prohis enthusiasm of Goa rankl press OWICTS W cally opposite subjects, Time on its cover mercilessly illi Ewen John Gall depicts Krishr arch-Willian and om Nehru. The Communist al. made a monst London boroll
5frifi. A
| Sociology ať MG. He Ministry of Broadcasting.
 
 
 
 
 

that India has great-civilisation of these resentinents
gate has resulted which is likely to to greater heights. Indian values have and the peaceful ich the IndiäIl als Wer to totalirowed that India largest democracy Foreign media, faults have now And the Indian now shines very
ankly, this is much bptimistic. Even a ndiais taken abäck eint. Perhaps Amita swept off her rnalistic i euphoria the Indian eccBut I think title Te: ldamental reason gement. She has r attentionicxcluterviews. With some d with mass media mentioned earlier. example of 'self cality, the lindian is formed by a mplex: combination
me useful insights. he writes of the na Menon. In the MeION WES - al ping boy' of the di on Isreal, China leanings and for the liberation despecially with ho ha di diametriviews on these magazine put him but attacked him the cover story. BoTaith in his dia Ties la Menon als an a sinister influence : pro-Israel, antiSEATO Elobbies Er:Out of the Old gh Councillor.
rgrg Sled Peraderniya l arzd ίς για ν δευτείαrν, Information ard
his
It is quite possible that some still - linger оп, рагticularly аппопg the *establishment media people. The degree of antipathy, to, India, among these decision makers was clearly shown during the Indo-Pakistan war when Nixon and his advisors, including Kissinger who in his Här vard days = claimed to be a friend of India, decided to tilt towards Pakistan. The degree of commitment to Pakistan especially among American "Asia hands' is very high. Notwithstanding all this, I thinki Malik over emphasises Krishna Menon's role. After a Kashmir and Goal are now a distant memory. After India's disastrous China War Menon Was driven out of politics and died a frustrated and embitteTed Tian, Many more proximate issues hawe come up. If anything Bangladesh, and Biafra-especially the pictures of starving children art fully served up by top advertising agenciesburned themselves into the icontemporary public mind. No, the picture is much more complex than depicted by Malik.
Colonial rule: Long before Krishna Menon, there was the image of the Raj- centuries of Colonial Tulle celebrated by Kipling and Orwell. From T.E. Lawrence and Morgan Foster to Malcolm Muggeridge, India had a special place in the Western, especially the English, imagination, Ifil Was
not the world of Kim and Mowgli,
it was at least a land in which western values and sensibilities had no bearing. Nothoroughgoing study of the image of India in the West can ignore this literary tradition. Today, Naipaul fashions the views of a large lumber of readers of English on India. Surely it is this literary tradition which influences the feelings of a large number of top-level journalists and media men, (The “mimic men”).
Amita Malik also rightly draws attention to the role of Bombay and Madras movies. Together they constitute one of the biggest film industries in the World. Their larkets are expanding from Asia, the Middle East
To page 9)
17

Page 20
song and the sin
Charles Abeysekere
Amaradeva, said Lester James Piers, is finest musical instrument we hawe. When Amarad
reached 50 years recently,
occasion brought acclaim from all critics.
his recital marking
Tին
full of praise for Amaradeva's outstanding contribu
to the growth of Sinhala III usic, Charles Abeyasek
offers a critical assessment of his achievement. is adapted from a talk originally made over
'SLBC. He was until recently
National Institute of Management,
W. D. Amaradewa, who can with justice be described as Sri Lanka's most accomplished musician, recently completed 50 years of age; of this he has devoted 30 years to the study and practice of music. The occasion was celebrated with a programme of vocal and instrumental music, entitled Sravana Ramli held at the BMICHI.
Amaradeva has recently made only rare concert appearances, even though he had a hand in the birth of the song recitals that are so populaт поw when he, together with Nanda Malini Gokula, put togetheгаргоgramme called Sravапа A radhana about seven years ago. He dropped out of the programme after some performances Nanda Malini carried on alone under the same title and since then many other singers have staged their own Iecitals. These have Tow boccole a very popular feature of the Sinhala entertainment scene with no doubt a greater adjustment to mass taste.
Began early it.
Amarade was serious interest in music began early and one of his first demonstrations of ability was On the score: for Premiakumar’s ballet Selahihini Sandesaya, on which he worked with Mohamed Ghouse. Sometime after that he went to India and perfected his knowledge of Indian classical music, choosing as his instrument, rather unusually, the violin. Since his return he has been one of the seminal influences on Sinhala song.
1S
Chairman of
Even though. At present himself pri cal violinist, his f: indeed his greates Sinhalamusic is it where he has excel and singer and so lyric Writer.
Song in Sri Lal the forties consist streams - the Tel ticated folk-songs rily with the work peasantry and ån drawing its insp from the Hindusta into the Nurti the from Bombay. Til with two orth devotion - to the gods, patriotism a This lyric literatur the influence of th which had in turn of the national, cul revival of that p
It was during under the influe
national revival,
made to fuse thes lather to develo musical form basi
the extent folkidi
also received so
Bengal where Rab
and his school at : spearheaded a
Te Wiwit and Wher musicians had beg Imusicall stüdics. I TI their attempts aw Ananda SämäIako
 
 

maradewa likes to imarily as a classime annong us and t, cũntribution_tũ the field of song led as composer metimes even as
ika up to about d of two disparate latively unsophisassociated primasituations of the urban song-form iration primarily ni music brought at Te - by musicians lese songs i dealt ee main themesBuddha and the Tidl romántic: lowe. e too was under Le Till rti tradition felt the impact tura land religious eriod.
the forties that, lce of the same
attempts were two forms, or p an indigenous
ng itself more on
II. These efforts he impetus from indranath Tagore Shantiniketan had similāT: "Lilltu Tä e many of our un to go for their The first fruits of are the songs of on, Surya Shanker
Molligoda and at a later stage of Suni Santha,
First attempts
Amaradeva's first attempts in the same genre were to be found in his Janagaya na radio programmes these based themselves largely, both musically and thematically, on the folk song; but Amaradewa's experimentation, unlike those of some other musicians, did not stop there. Feeling almost instinctively that the simple melodic resources of the folk idiom were not enough of a Secure foundation, Amaradeva experimented with the classical ragas and often succeeded in achieving a solid and harmonious fusion of their strong musical base with thelilt andspontaneity of the native folk music. These experiпепts, to my пііпd, reached a certain degree of perfection in the best of his Swara Warna i radio program Tmes.
Amaradewal found the collaborators for these experiments in a number of lyric writers chief among whom were Mahagama. Sekera and Madawela Ratnayake. And it was a choice selection of their songs that was presented to usiп the Sravana Ramaпіргоgramпne. Aпuагadeva was in beautiful voice, the orchestrations were designed to throw the voice into relief, and the Whole presentation was satisfying though at times one felt that the amplified balance was rather in fäựaur_of_the orchestria than of
the singer.
ideal
If there was one disappointing
factor, it was the selection of the
songs themselves. It was as I hawe said, a choice selection = but a selection of perennial favourities. However, even with such songs, Amaradeva was able to evoke in the hearers a fresh response but the fact that they were over-familiar rather detracted from the sense of occasion. Wille an äudience Would mātulrally like to hear some of their favourities, such an occasion also demands something new; some thing not quite familiar, which would expand the musical horizons

Page 21
Cinema
Bedroom
at the top
Sumithra Peiris' debut in filmmaking, "Gehenu Lamai' (Girls) based on Karunasena Jayalath's best-seller, is both cinematic and defeatist, artistic and static, elitist and distorting.
A predominantly feminist film as the title suggests, it projects thic i wirtuousness of an ingen ucous girl, Kusum (Wasanthi Chaturani). The eldest child of a poor peasant family, Kusum functions as a kind of unpaid domestic at the home of Nimal, a member of the village bourgeoisie. She accepts. Nimal's lowe when het declares it but capitulates when his mother (Chitra Vakista), a true matriarchal despot, intervenes. On grounds of pure moral virtues she spurns her sister Some (Jenita Samaraweera), who wants to make it to the (bcd) room at the top. But Kusum herself does not Want to transcend the prewailing social relationships and accepts her place in the social hierarchy. Without ever struggling against it or even questioning it.
Can we then admire a girl who surrenders so readily and adopts a kind of fatalistic passivity?
Conflict is the essence of drama and there is no conflict of any depth or seriousness in the film. While Kusum capitulates openly to Nimal's nother, Nimal himself vacillates like the typical middleclass youth he is. The film thus lacks a pivotal alternative relationship and ends up on a thoroughly defeatist möte.
Why was Gunapala, the rebel student in Kusum’s class who protests against the status-quo flushed out in the middle of the film. In the book of course, he throws his lot with Kusum's struggle, and thus offers a dramatic contrast. The other relationships add little to the films limited vision.
Some, the sist vidual, redempti qdhercnce to b) finds herself in t the showbiz Worl
Het mother, J: Gunawardene) is of the familytional roles, and feature of the nin(
Madhuri, Nimi diametrically op plays a brief E representing bo and behaviour, på
Nimal is the
while Ajit Jinada actor in the fil student who is
chal domination and in mature as graduates. Eve Wilh Kusum malk bution to the da
lndia obserw
(From
and Eastern El to the heart one should anal music, dancing a emerge from t ries as pcrfect
ment. Malik as critic was ideal undertaking. B she disappoints
Perhaps mor the image of I by the Indians An occasional understand the be it affection
 
 
 

ër, is bent om indion through timid urgeois Walues and rouble, a victim of d of Colombo.
ine Nona (Trillicia the bread - winner reversal of tradia Welcome positive }W.G.
all's cousin who is posed to Kusum ut functional role Irgeois life-style Itters.
Weakest character, sa is the weakest In. The university
cowed, by matriar
he is as gormless ever even after he in his love affair CS a p00T contrimatic development.
ed.
"ஒரு IT)
Iropean countries f Europe. Some Vse the formulaend fighting-which Sê - dream factoEscapist entertain
a leading film y Suited for the it in this book
than all these, dia is fashioned who live abroad.
visitor cannot depth of feelingPT TeWulsion-ihat
Scene from Gehени ா
Director Peiris who has written the screenplay herself and edited the film as well, I fear cannot be pardoned for emasculating the book without having any positive standpoint of her own to offer. This, think, in due to the fact that Sumithra herself is groping for a creative contact with a social reality she doesn't know well.
Though Gehenu Lamai does possess a cinematic quality and a certain lyricism-(the camera was especially successful in capturing Kusum's micro-physiognomy, her expressions and nuances) its essentially defeatist content has got the better of the film.
Gamini Dissanaike
The Writer was literary correspodent of the "Lanka dipa' and a former editor of "Mawatha'. He writes to the
Sunday Times' as “Pataka".
expatriate groups evoke in a foreign community. My experience of the Indian community in Canada is that they are clannish and generally reluctant to identify themselves with the larger community. This however is no apologia for Enoch Powell and, lately, Margaret Thatcher. In fact the latest news from Wolverhampton suggests, contra the optimism of writers like Amita Malik, that the Indian image will soon bc, literally, a matter of life and death.
I9

Page 22
Satire
War games
॥
Police undertook a Friassive sweep of the sprawling Vidyada ya carripus
between if a.m. and 7 a.m. today.
arad arrested jffye i zdrzazathtov.rised persors who were found in a men's 08. பிரேம் தாries also fr OLOLOGOT tLOGLGLmLY TLL TLLTT LLLCLLYLT dister ir Side Cubicles artid a kris knife in a shed. The sweep was the result of a tip-off that there rere weர08, iரிammable ர03lers, Tர் 2:he gfrversive literature,
"It was a complete sweep. We used a complerient of five gazetted officers, 35 inspectors, 35 sergeants, and 200 constables for the operatio71. - Our mer moved in 30 vehicles and split Eup into wery search parties' said the police. "Once the search Wars oyer ard : 1ye , pilled out, he girl gாve is the biggest do” se aded.
It was the biggest ever sweep indertaker... the operation was reticulously plaired.
(Lead story Observer)
The Colombo Police today undertook a Frassive sweep II of the unversity premises. They found posters placards and other propaganda Fraterial protesting against the rice cur and g worrier described as twilight ladies
(Front page 10 days latter)
Osi hundred hours (0600):
Somewhere in the central hills with Colonel Sam Hamudapitiya's Headquarters, reports our Defence correspondent.
operation: New Broom
KaInishta
Target: Gопаwela
Polytechnic
Objective: Search and destroy.
20
"You Te in operation, Major
"Colonel... if y yes, I am in chi joint operation, the air force..."
"And it is operation underta
'Correction. I biggest operati against a high institution by the COMSOP Special Operation lot, repeat not, op undertaken b: Joint Command of Retaliation...'
do you וסH**
"J- O - K - A -
“Why the 'K'
*“One of the I who's studying . German Kultur we'll spel | it wit 'K' and 'fool the
"The enemy b, “Any stupid civi
"You Said t operation was...?
Back in 68 against Double E
*"That Ĝi sounds ili Chief..."
"You are no Double Eye meal 1In Illgrant, mimea Tin
'General, now
'Please, Colonel.”
Iot
In fact, Colone known as the

The Outsider
colland of this
ביני
ou don't mind. arge, but it's a army, na wys and
e biggest ever kel...?"
It is the single
undertàkerl her educational newly established at's Combined s... it is certainly the biggest joint y JOKAR, the for All Kids
spell that... ?"
R
ad Iota; “C” IT?”
Intelligence boys Deutsch at the Institute thought h the German i enemy...'
eing...?'''
ilian like you...”
at the
bigքest
at Karainiägar, Зуе."
ke a Red India
t i fa T., WTong... 15.I.T. Or ilicit igbloody Injuns”
what's your...?"
so fast just
:l - Hamudapitiya best tactical
collander in the force back from a special course at Fort Bragg... that's spelt with 2 G's and is a town in America. He is expected to see his first sta 500.
is just
(He'll see several if he botches up this operation.)
"Colonel, what's your battle plan...? How long Will this action take...? I want to file something
for the first edition..."
"It's going to be a clean, smooth job ... we've - planned I this -- so meticulously that unless there's some damn snag we should be in and out in less than 2 hours..."
"You anticipate some snags... ?"
“In war, my friend, anything
is possible... the Petroleum Corp.
bowzers may mot make it through the picket lines...remember EL ALT.
"You mean the Israeli Airline?'"
'Idiot. Rommel's
tanks : ät El Alamein..."
“Any other snags likely... ?”
*Well We Have to moWe Without air cover, if the damn jets don't get here before the enemy takes the field...' "
“You actually expect the students to take the field...?"
"Yes, sharp at 9 o'clock for their annual under-16 cricket Ilättch."
"My god, colonel, you are really going to fire on them.
'Look, intelligence says they have anything up to 2000 boys and girls there, and all I've got is about 600 meİı... that's a three to one against... I'll be satisfied if the kill ratio is reversed... of course, we got the superior fire-power, meticulous and the tactical planning...".
“Colonel, could you give пne a few details...'

Page 23
(Laying open a map). "I throw a bridge across the river, here... that's where Gerry comes in with
is APC's...'
"Jerry...? Good heavens, the Germans in on this... ?"
"Not the Jerries... just Major Gerry Pattonasuriya, commanding the 2nd Armoured Corps... look. who sent you here... you're sure you are a military correspon
det.**
'Actually, I usually cover - the
Departmental Sub - Committee Inquiry into Political Wictimisation in the Brinjal Corporation
but the defence reporter was on
short-leave for his sister-in-law's home - coming, and the editor told the news desk to send any dan foo|...''
"And your news editor carries out orders to the letter... ha! ha!... Anyway, Gегту"s chaps should cross the river by 0720 and take up position behind the canteen......then Captain Gunnerwardena will open up with the big guns, giving enough artillery support for the Davy's landing forces, the first assault troops to get the library and the science lab and hold the till the MIG's strafe the volleyball court, giving my men just enough time to reach the hostels......of course, I'll start with a few probes in a short while...but between you and me, its a deceptive action......the main thrust comes later, naturally......
'Naturally's I answered weakly.
"We'll catch them like fish in a ba Tre1,.....o
"You mean you are going to kill them...... ?"
"Not at all...minimum casualties ...those are my orders but if there is resistance I can't help it, can I? Man, don't look so stunned. I don't hate students...sure, I had two shies at the GCE and the Warsity Entrance was a boody massacre but I was one of the few survivors, remember......? Look, Iman, I got kids too, but this is war......"
Despatch 2
0715 hours. Sound of small-arms fire across the river.generally
silent. Suddenly the sound of planes.
OWerhead......'A brightening up, on time......"
It turns out to Trident...
''Sergeant...!C was assured the: civilia Eircraft i
- morning ... .....ʼ
The Sergeant r minutes......
"Sir, headqua yesterday's Air C off Oschedule.
The Colonel is offer me a cupo settling down to of 2 egg hoppers, and lu numiris, stringhopрег8 — V ambulthia and supplies taken, W. fired, in a night eating-house.
Despatch 3
This tiIns it's t and the Colone into action...... let's go...and inflammable post boobytrapped. have to......'
Despatch 4
Three unautho: taken prisoner a massive sweep w clockwork preci rich confessed brothers of two and had been shar rice meals after cards had been
The other II согрога1 оп h his ailing grand The CTB bush mara tree, and H military training) ememy lines and the night in the c stack of subvers aside with appare deceive everybod eye was also disci
The cache in Dong's banquets) distributed by

h' says the Colonel the A MIGs, li right
be the Air Ceylon
Get hiq. on line......I te were no damin In these skies this
aturns after a few
rters say that was eylon flight taking
kind enough to filtea, he himself a light breakfast Some": rTnu5 CLurry followed by 14 with i kiri hodi, seeni Sambol. ithout a shot being raid on a local
he MIGs all right, el is jet propelled "Let's go men. careful of those ers... they could be use napalm if you
rised persons were fter this morning's 1ich Wënt off with sion Two of the that they were resident students ing their subsidised their own ration
surrendered.
an WaS. an a TIIly is Way to see motheT, at Matälle. ad crashed into a he had (using his infiltrated behind taken shelter for arpently shed. A iwe literature cast int indifference to y but the trained 3vered.
luded Phan Wan peech in Colombo,
the Wietna
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21

Page 24
Embassy, President Carter's inflammatory address on Human Rights (a USIS bulletin) and some election manifestos.
The girls gave me the biggest hoot I got since I got out for nought first ball, way back in '57 in the Battle of the Blues......
women described by a later as
Tյին poetry-lowing policeman
twilight ladies' were discovered to
be members of the Piliyandala
Women's Lubrication. Front, an
under-covers organisation. They
will be sent for a re-orientation
course and de-carb to the German
aided CTB Workshop.
Waris Hell.
Song...
From page 18) of the listeners. And Amaradewa's repertory is quite filled with beau tiful but less familiar songs which might well have been used on this occasion.
There was one song from the the ballet Nala Damayanti and this was merely an indication of another genius which cannot be adequately presented in a programme of this nature. The scores which
he composed for the ballets Karadiya and Nala Damayanti as well as for the films Gam
peraliya and Ransalu are outstanding in their several fields.
Looking back at Amaradeva's achievement, one can marvel at the musical fusion that the corn'tooser had achieved between the olik idiom and classical ragadharai music, and one can admire the skill and sensivity of the singer-Lester James Pieris' comment i that AmåTädeva's woice is the finest musical instrument. We hawe is accurate and appropriate.
But having said this, it is also necessary to look with a critical eye at the lyrics at whose service the skills of the composer and the singer are placed. These lyrics still seem to be frozen in a past that has dissappeared. They are redolent of a kind of patriotism based oni la very i simplistic vision of past glories, of a yearning for a pastoral form of life-waving paddy fields,
22
facet of Amaradeva's
tanks and dagob. pily at their wol they feel being t ration from i a lo ailce som the ag powers of the B These a Te the
which emotional foreign dominati tered; they were of the patriotism
We hawe- outgr but a largepart rature including lyrics seems froz and attitudes of have no doubt satisfies the most the past, as many of them h that per wades a the Sinhala - p) which makes up Alaradewal. But themes and the IOY Il0 ITOTE symbols of our ness, the false c. ilI-remembered f failure to under: of a Teluctance
Something of probably behind held on the then the voice of 0 there was gemer ment of the sig role in the gro рогагy п1ш81C, expressed the fel not really give to its dominan anxieties as well aspirations.
So, while
Amaradewa. 30 y endeavour, while bute to his. In ments, while Tec. the many beauti with which he: our yearnings Would ventu Tet. this milestone ti would exert his fluence over the the singer of ou future, reflectin and song, the life and in-so self the voice particular class mass of the peop.

as, pleasants hapk, the only pain he pain of sepa Wed one-a relie-old redeeming uddhist religion. symbols round responses to iol were clus- the hall-marks of a certain period.
own this period, of Sinhala litelost of the in in the postures "... the period. I that this idiom algic craving for imple past that awc newerknown, large section of etty - bourgeoisle the audience for these lyrics, their ir language are than demagogic own backwardnsciousness of an eudal past, of a stand the present, to look ahead.
this feeling was a recent seminar
ile *“Ama Tadewaurage'. While plus : acknowledgenificance of his With of conteinthere was also eling that he did Voice to this age, t sense, to its as its hopes and
celebrating with 'ears of successful : paying due triany accomplishtalling with delight iful compositions las given Voice to and emotions, I o hope that, past his career, he
tremendous in: lyric to become ir present and our g in his music realities of our doing, make him
not only of a but of the large le of this Country.
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he Food Production oping 500 acres at Mahiyangana ettling sixty landless peasant ated into convenient plots of two of highland per Colonist. : irrigation provides a perennial h modern facilities have been e for all the colonists. rovided by the Company has
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