கவனிக்க: இந்த மின்னூலைத் தனிப்பட்ட வாசிப்பு, உசாத்துணைத் தேவைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தலாம். வேறு பயன்பாடுகளுக்கு ஆசிரியரின்/பதிப்புரிமையாளரின் அனுமதி பெறப்பட வேண்டும்.
இது கூகிள் எழுத்துணரியால் தானியக்கமாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட கோப்பு. இந்த மின்னூல் மெய்ப்புப் பார்க்கப்படவில்லை.
இந்தப் படைப்பின் நூலகப் பக்கத்தினை பார்வையிட பின்வரும் இணைப்புக்குச் செல்லவும்: Lanka Guardian 1978.06.01

Page 1
Amirthalingam
Euro - communis
Another loo
Also: Indian cinema O Cons
 
 

3 June 1, 1978 Price Rs. 2/50
merchant navy
on Tamil politics
m: reply to Leslie
k at Sai Baba
stitutional changes O SLFP

Page 2
Established in 95 Cooperatire & Commercial Bank
The People's Bank offers the
and facilities un rivale
* Bank er 5 to the Cooperative Mover
* Agricultural Credit for cultivation cinnamon, ci tronella, Lobacco & Su
Financing Industrial machinery for & Corporations.
A variety of banking services, incl. Fixed Deposits, (interest up to 59 Investment Savings. Account schem
* Import & Export facilities, Docume
* Finance for Hire Purchase of Motor
and Electronic equipment.
* Non-resident Foreign Currency AC * Då il y Loans Scheme for small trade Special facilities for Fishermen and " Financing of rural electrification. " Ald to High er Education, Arts & Cr * Tourist information and finance for * Fisheries Banks to cater to the nee Financing of handloom and powerlo * Financing the local film industry. * Financing Housing schemes for the * Pawn Broking.
* Services available in all parts of Sri
of Branches.
OVER 1.2 Million Customers
business v
EOPLE
Head Office, No. 75, Sir Chittampalam P. C. Box. 728
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Cooperative Rural Banks - 544 People's Bank Branches - 20 Fisherias Banks - G
ublic a wide range of services ld by its competitors.
ment & State Corporationi.
of paddy, tea, rubber, coconut, bsidiary crops.
Public & Private enterprises
Iding individual and Current Accounts, a) Savings Accounts, and the exclusive
2 nation, Man ket intelligence services.
Wehicles, Refr Egerators, Radio
Counts for Sri Lankans residentabroad. rs (Atha-maru)
Carpenters.
"äft5.
the tourist industry, ds of the Fishericas Industry.
om industry.
Public and Bank employees.
Lanka through our network.
can't be wrong in transacting With the
S BAN
A. Gardiner Mawatha, Colombo 2. Tel: 2784 - 9

Page 3
Trend
Arabi Weediya
Farned for its "bagses', Amba langoda now has a street Lunofficially
na med "Arab | Welediya'l-Arab Street, Sometimes also Caled Crian Lane.
"So many foremen, masons and carpenters have found jobs in the oil-rich Gulf that sleek Japanese cars are parked near humble homes
Trid - 5 hacks in Arub Street.
The exodus has already hit the building industry. Prime Minister Premadas a whose cracking 18 hoursa-day work-program has won the admiration of even his opponents may find his 'grand design" of 100,000 houses an Arabian nights' Castle r-the-air.
No doctor's dilemma
In recent years, G. M. O. A. polftics have produced so many factional
terids and pers there was even forr77 ing Its own
BLI E the mir Lua this year was a few солtests, wery no scars or sco
Thanks to the Walte practice, om doctor 5. Hidye tir grievances. Many the Nursing Horn
A la PLO
After the Unusu of Mr. K. Third Point Pedro M. P. be / iPad FFTE lobbyist observed.
* If the T, U. P. L. O. politics, may emerge as G Mr. Anirthalingam
ANKA G
COTE - 13.
W| | ԻվՃ. 3
CON
3 - News background
5 |nterwie W
Politics
7 - 5 International news
O People
Press opinion
Cover Picture: Wicy of Col.
Printed by Ananda Press 825, Wolfendhal Street,
ETT ITF

na || Cashes thisīt breakaway gгошp ISSoftion.
general election
tame affair with
little canvassing, }els.
e5toration of prithe most junior e to Urse od
are busy nursing S.
ally fiery outburst In the T. U. L.F.'s
in the recent dent, a thoughtful
L. F. is playing Mr. Thi Lraj raj termi George Habash to 's Yasser Arafat”.
The SLFP tapes
The break-in to the Derlord tic party headquarters, bugging and the Nixon tapes were a few of the I riteres. Ing Ingredients of the sensational Watergate drama.
Now political circles are buzzing with news of the SLFP tapes, a perfect recording of a part of the SLFP Working Committee's narration session on the 'secret report' on party re-organisation. (A Lanka Guardian exclusive-May 1st).
Top people in the opposite camp are chuckling over a play-back of the tapes. It wasn't a break-in they say. Ал inside job then ?
High - flying
A Flight Lt. of the Sri Lanka Air Force has been picked up at a salary higher than the Air Force Commander's to pilot a prlvate helicopter.
GUARDAN
June 1, 1978
INTENTS
2 - 3
|4 - |B
9
20 - 고||
22
-TLרtם טmbני
yn de Silva
Current topic
The Arts
Private WBW
Development
Cross Word
Published by Lanka Guardial Publishers, South Asian Media Centre, Third Floor, YMBA. " Building, 1263/28 Mail Street, Colombo - I.
Telephone: 29.028.

Page 4
Letters
Young Tigers
Yಣ್ಣ picce on "You Ing Tigers strike' is quite interesting but misleading. To the average Tamil, the delland for separation looks less like a terliILIs thal. El Illie Lone con a road whose end is not yet in view. You will doubtless appreciate why the Imajority of the Tamils See als inevitable in the long term a constiLL1tioTa 1 ʻ**rcs ettleTTheT1 tʼ" of Sri La Inka Illee (Ceylon) – i. c. a Tedistribution of the decision making process, legislative, judicial and admiInistrative.
It is for this reas com all of us are awaiting the report of the Select Committee on the Third AmendIt to see what the basket cotails even though We are fully conscious of the growing importance to the govt. of consultations outside Parliament before deciding policy and the apparent inability of the legislative body to review and redress the grievances of citizens who allege injustice in the administration of in Illimerable Services of the We|Fare State.
Jaffna. Ajit Kalya na sundaram
Nebuchad nezZar's cauldron
It was not El cauldron of boiling Water that Nebuchadnezzar prepared for his enemies as you have inistakenly supposed; it was a 'fiery furnace stoked by three eunuchs, The Book of Daniel tefiches that Neb Luchad Icz za T's čIemieg Who Were thrown into that furnace emerged unscathed; while it was the tice cul Luchs who were its first victims.
Felix R. D. Bandaranalike
P. S. I say no Inore in view of your request that letters be brief.
Virtuoso performance Reggie Siriwardena's sawaging
of Dr. Colvin R. de Silva though Ile Iciless Was all the Sä Ille a
virtuoso perfor In 1971 (beføre t denollement) DI publicly proclai persons Who W te TTCT táctics"" W who (i) killed M in 1959 (ii) atte 1962 and (iii) b coalitio In govern This in spite of the 11 known as Ti55.
ט"ו טיילור) R. S. is h When he says the Wis ble La com that any lethods and legiti late i II * the fascist thTE:il What they ailed : all his indignation knows quite well degrees is a recog Leninist pragmati of course, is one Tably mentioned b e Well quoted as a II ters literary.
Kollu pitiya
Law and
In your tendenti the Judgment of Court you un fort torted the fact wh IIllIch of the damā 0Ile Illin"5. Les till () Witnesses were exa trial. CILI L Luf will Jr examined by tE: Bhi Lutto Wai S lefeld of his to WIl choice a foTIE Advocat jah who was ass advocates.
The case is nic girl and the pres has nothing to 1rde Cured the year 1974 and CLITTcnice, Mr. Ahli so I of the victin of thc the II. Na lodged a report w which he accused MinističТ Mr. Z. A the principal authc

Ice. In March lic actual April
N, NYMI PITE 11ed that **the ere resorting to are the very people IT Bild:lfällilika Impted a coup in
To Light down the -
ment in - 1964. the fact they were ultra-left “gueva
r probably wrong LSSP leadership Vince its following were permissible order to crush "" though that was at all right. For MT STWHIFIthat turning 18O ised principle of isiT1. And LeIıiLı, who is (often fall wouy Siriwa Tidene and authority on mat
Co5tain de Wos
morality
ous relarks about the Lahore High Li rilately cowen disen you wrote that ging evidence was Ily. More than 40 Imined during the L 33 wera Crossit DefcIce. Mr. ed by a couInsel MT. D. M. Awal, - General of PLIIIisted by several
It of Tecelt Cirient Gover Illent lo with it. The Wards the end of within hors of cImad Reza Kasuri, and El Melber ional Assembly, ith the Police in the then Prime Bhutto of being ir of the crime.
YouT CCIT1 TT1 et that Ieithe TI WIICOT II orality Will decide Mr. Bhutto's fate is highly tendentious, Law and morality both demand that nobody, however high his status, is above the law. Judiciary in Pakistan is completely independent and is wellknown for the highest standards
of integrity.
Bashir Ahmad
t FFFFFFFI
Erihassy jy Pakistari
Success
Congratulations on your excellent Magazi le. “"La Inka (Guardian". I think your Imagazi Ille will be a great success, I feel if you use smaller print more reading matter will be
Wailable. -
As all the imajor mass media a Te supporting the government, hiding facts of importance I hope 'Lanka Guardian' will expose not only the true colours of opposition parties but also the government.
CtյltյIIIէյլ), D. P. R. Fernando
Welcome The egalitariarism reflected in
your choice of sales outlets is commendable and augurs well for the future of your journal besides confirming your editorial comIllent that "an informed interest in World affairs ought not to be a private occupation of the privilegentsia. It might take time to get together the best tea II of writers who, while having diferent opinions on diferent matters, Will have in common a driving quest for the truth (without an axe to grind) expressed in the best la Inguage of journalis III.
Borella. Patrick A. O.Jayasuriya
Women and traditional values
ffie article effred "Ad y ffair Les l'iso-Ferrers" ir T or Mas F fs Fife Ivers grfly af Excerpf front a murst surger paper preserted by Dr. Kris "i Vy Fardi da c II. N. Errrrrr les ir Tere 77. The Ciri-re TerTrrrritory Has Tirldd "H^bruק }HITTg. el aid Development in Sri Laika.'

Page 5
News background
Constitutional ch
he two most important chan
ges contemplated by the "drift constitution of Sri Lanka 1978'' which the NSA will discuss la ter this month pertain to (l) the electoral system and (2) the Ta Inil language.
Proportional representation (PR) con district-Wise party (or group) lists replaces the old British system of first-past-the-post, which has been in operation since adult suffrage was introduced in 1931 and independence in 1948. While the principle of winner-takes-all has fios tercd the two-party or twoble: system in Sri Lankan politics and the increasingly familia T patteril of alternation (UNPSLFP) it has also accounted for a sharp swing of the pendulum (1970 and 1977).
These dramatic victories (or reverses) did rol however reflect the true state of electoral opinion. In fact, the Select Committee in a brief accompanying report notes that in 1970 the SLFP won 90 seats with 36.9% of the vote while the UNP got 18 seats with 37.9% and in 1977 the UNP won 56ths of the NSA seats with 50.9% of the votes, the SLFP getting only 8 for its 29.3% (The ULF did not get a single seat inspite of its several lakhs of votes).
Though in theory it was one-perSon-one-vote, an ill-built feature of the pre Wailiig syster Th Was thic extra Weight age consciously given to the rural voter at the expense of the urban. Each vote is not in fact equal. The old argument justifying this disparity pointed to the comparative backwardness of the TLI Tal arca 5 and the Ineed for greater representation.
In 1947, the urban-based Left
arties did so remarkably well that Mr. D. S. Senan ayake had
to for a hurriedly constructed ecialition in Order to assu me office. Since then the Left percentage ote and seats) have shown a steady
decline With t tells of seats Dr. Colvin R. d author of the made a move to power buit his SI. the support UNIP) blocked til
The Select TeբՃrt argues t now proposed W. reducc"’’ Lluc " * di of woes. The likely to be 19 Wide plus 4 seat, Vinces.). If a L a E. P. Ilnay sufi
The electoral dis
mate to ad Illin Any party or
of get 18th Ol Will cot be el Li presentation,
The statul5 0 Constitutional Tick legally the Tam tain language two basic grieva language had status and that the Child SolL|h (Sec. 29) had 1972 and (b) rights were not by a discriminat excicultiWe.
The main que political. Is this Or Will it streng tic TULF del argue that the Illade solle T: Immodesti, to Tam SČ, can these II the extrellism, militant youth, frustration and nalism in the Il
The Draft coi chapters, three three on the Li the judiciary. Th and so wereignty, Inental rights,

langes
le 1970 UF (in :) En cxception. e Silva, the LSSP 972 constitution, equalise voting FP partners (with the opposition his love.
oil. Inittee in its hat the changes Vill "considerably sparity in the value Il Liller of seats is 6 (150 countrysealch for 9 proII, LJwa and the er a minor løss. tricts will approxiis rative districts. a roll th;it does * the total votes tled to any re
fi Ta II1 il receives :քEnition. Though ils enjoyed cerrights, they had Il cès:(a), that thcir 10 Constitutional the safeguards in 1ry Constitution JEL: F1 Temco ved in hat these legal ranted in practice DIY or capricious
stion, however, is 00 little i jo ate ! hen the hands of illes Who can Inow 0 ''TF1 ITILL 15 *EDICISË, Ilo We We il denlands If (7 de Tates Head-off specially of the bred by Tani TESLI Fgeht Ina, tioiTLE"
S[itu tiom has 19 In the Executive, gislature and 2 o
Others are State Հuddhism, fundalinguage, state
policy, referendum, franchise, finance, public security. Onbudsml:4 L1 :l I!di geIneTal.
Claiming that this is not an amendment to the constitution but al Ille W constitution, the SLFP: members of the Committee kept away from the dinter given on May 25th by the President.
SLFP seniors close ranks
hough several amendments have
been Inside to the expert's Tep) TL on party re-organisatico El and the critical and highly sensitive issue of '"del cra Lisation'' reIllins unresolved as the party readies for its next meeting of the policy -making body, there are Il a i ly signs that SLFP stalwarts ar. patching up personal-political diffcr:Ices and closing Tanks.
Mr. T. B. Ilangaratne, a founder member who has been "ignored for ten months took the offensive at the 8-hour Working Committee Inceting which discussed the Teorganisation report and made a long speech at the May 22nd meeting called to mark the 1972 Republican constitution. Mr. Felix Dias Bandaranaike made an unexpected appearance at the Working Comillittee mecting and was not given the usual 'cold shoulder' by his former ministerial colleagues. He was in the audience at the May 22nd mccting and was called to the platform by party boss Mrs. Bandaranaike with whom he was seen in a confidential chit-chat. He was not given a speech but the climate was not unfriendly.
The Illin Wil5 MTS. Bandara naike. She was preceded by Mr. Maitripala Sena na yake
Who gave an account of the SLFPos
speaker
contribution to the strengthening of Sri Lanka's political independence from the closing of
British bascs in 1956 to the IיrOIIIנן|- gation of the 1972 ConstitւILion,
3.

Page 6
Mr. Stanley Tillekera tinc analysed the political content" and legal implieations of the laws recently passed by the NSA, and Mr. T. B. Паngаratne gave an evaluation of the present political situation.
Devaluation of the rupee was the chief cause of rising prices and the UNP government will Inever be able to honour its promises Saidi Mrs. Banda Tanaike Who concentrated on the growing econdIllic disco I l telt in the colul Il try al Ili lle liela Liu Il of the UNP from its own supporters. She was always prepared to lead the opposition whatever personal sacrifices she māy have to make als lang 15 these oppositional forces agreed that the UNP was the "common enemy.'
Мг. Папрaratne, the kapuva (broker) of the 1968 United Front, is grad Lially re-emerging as the "tactician of the SLFP. Adapting a failous line from a British States III HI, Mr. Ila nga Tatin e said that in palitics there were IIC per II1ancIt alliances nor permanent feuds. This is widely interpreted als aIn attempt to re-asses5 the SLFP's relationship with other oppositional groups, mainly the U. L. F. While just before the election and during the campaign TBI the disillusioned broker, he calle the bitterest critic of the Lest, het is now seeking to repair broken bridges.
This brings him into al head-on clash with pro-China elements in the SLFP although the Sino-Soviet dispute never openly surfaces as a theoretical question in the SLFP's largely non-ideological debates. The pro-China elements would like to establish liks With other “Mallois L" or Peking-i inclined perso III
alities and factions in the broad
Opposition, such as the Nanda EIlawela PDP group. The key figure in this move is Mr. Ratne Deshapriya Senanayake, who with Other pro-China intellectuals and journalists, has made a remarkable success of the new SLFP daily paper “Dina kara”
“ʻYou Maitripala, you TB, youı Felix, you KB-...... you arę a || Herc because of the mathini (madam)" Said Ratne Deshapriya Sena Tiyake, in a fiery outburst at the Working Committee IIceting. He denied
that hic was pro Misc. W. He Wa he said.
At this point, deft Chima-footin by cutting his (sermon) to ribt
Ratine's suppor hic Will be the le: ELL his chancess The front-runc keri LIle, Wii L El Lak als i Ill Lluc Tallice.
Aiding th “private' :
he report th: Illa Y. TCCCIIIll
Illet to the PCI order to bring i govern The Tit sche Ti L1 laided (private caused a stir ill cles.
The private than 50 in num then run by the island in the och schools sy s L cm. of al grad Lužal pri sal. Licol of celli Lilica Lido As in other fie thrust of policy hláš bečIT against tion as near-mono and middle class group. It is ccTLE achievements of mocracy and a ni forced to respond ations and elect
Naturally, it is for real equalisat unity can be atta Socio-ecolonic i. bccIl climinated.
Is this process Along with the pi duction of Englis of inst Tuction for opls for English Ten of English-s does this seemingly tið Illed the F represent a TestoT; ional privilege? T ions which enligh find disturbing.
The quality of e ted in schools oft

-Peking, cor pros pro-Sтi Lanka,
TIBI, with 5 colle g flored Ratne,
"dhi Illidesala
T.S. ters are hoping
kt piirty 5ecreta Ty cell pretly slin.
is Stanley Tilleshman Jayakoddy
|E school
at Malay Street t:Ild am iլmԷուlsios Mill Llte il into this strictly le te: clefs in I. Elle i) schools has
cducational cir
school (not more ber, alifiki II list of Ch LLTch) is al 3:11 ()f El St:LeThis is the result Ce55, 3 f e qulli= Ital opportunity. :lds, the broad over the years Tetalining educalboly of the upper English-speaking inly One of the but welfarist deIlti-parly system TC) IT1 ElS5 äl.5pir"al pressures.
Only a process ion of opportilled Whel basic liqualities have
being Teversed? "opo5ed re-in Liro1 as El medium El II y studelt Who (Illea. Thing childpeaking homes) in Ilocuous step 'elsio 15 Minute Etiol of educatthese are questtelled educators
ducation imparוונeIl depends t.
the calibre of Leacher 5. The priwat schools do bocar the cost of teachers" pay, making them also Imembers of Provident Funds. But al Pro Widelt FLNI id is, I COL the samic thing Eks : pcnsion, the greät littraction of a government job. Retirement benefits attract Illaly good teachers to the state system. By "equalisi Ing’’ pensio Il rights, the ll Ilaided School is in fact being "aided'. The money spent on an average student in a private school, the enclave of the afluent for the Imost part, is probably four to five times the expenditure on facilities in the average governmčПt school.
Powder keg'
— J. R.
M. J. R. Jayawardene, the President, has described the pro-se III situation as El powder kego in II interview given to Mr. David *"Friarcial Tries", and Mr. Simon Heiderso II, the Pakistä 1-based Filmancial Times-BBC correspondent. Reporting that the government is arming itself with "massive powers' L SLLLLLLSS LLLL S SLLtaaKaLaL SL LLaLLL LaLLS break of collula Violence', the SLLLLYLLLLLLLS S SYYLLLLLLLS aLLLLLSLLLLLLaLS SS0LL a Tined police and several army units hawe been sent to the North.
No SLFP link - up
here has been no attempt by
Left groups of a Maoist persuasion to "link up' With the SLFP, says Mr. N. Sanmugathasan, General Secretary of the CommuIlist Pärty. Denying any such ITT UWC, MT. SITT LIgal thal sa toll the *"Lanka Guardian”, that so II le of many Left groups outside the ULF hawe been discussing the desirability of 'joint action' with other anti-UNP forces but only on specific iss Les At the tra de Lulio le Well, We already have an Action CoIIIllittee, he said. The latest issue which came up was the University problem, especially "the threats and thuggery" at Widyala Inkara, he added.

Page 7
Interview
SEARCH FOR A
SOLUTI (
The growing tries I along the Tri-spec,
Fairrored in the events of Taday, both in LLYLSS SLL LLLLLLY LLLSL LLLLS SS SLLLLLLL TIrti United Liberatiori Froll I.
Ιήές that is four Α. Αντιirth Hiηg
the Opposition and head of the TULF, discusse,
'''W WE LANKA GLU'APRIL) MAN.
Q. What has been the effect of the events of last August on the Food of the Tamil people?
A. In retrospect, I see the events of last August giving birth to
two trends. On the one hand among those who already adyocated a separate state called
Ealann, it hardened their resolve for separation. On the other hand many Inoderate Tamils, who had refused to entertain ideas of devolution, for the first time in their lives, began to accept the need for self-determination for the Tamil people, as a necessary precondition to protecting Tamil lives, rights and property.
Q. What do you think of the goverri 771 ents resport se to this situafiол”
A. I think that both the government and tille Tamils Willo stand for a United Sri Lanki, are earnestly searching for a solution to the problem of the Tamil minority.
O. How does 'our party, the TULF, regard this 'earest search for a solution'?
A. The TULF emerged out of
the last General Election With the
declared conviction that Parliament in itself could Illo L solve the Tamil question.
Q. Why the did you fight so LLLLLLKS LLLL L SLLLL S SLGGCCLLLCS G Colo777bo, 14"hile your r7iaIirI slogaITI M'Lis a 5e Parlie SIET le "it is o' Paralelo
A. We visualised Parliament as forum Which we could use effectively to advance the cause of Ealan by presenting to both the Sinhala people and the World outside, a case for a separate state.
2. Hay your a
A. Today the LC) grallt a Tim Luc Pia Tiliallclt. We Jayewardene Gc be given every ch ing its good inten Tamil people, a propose and in Impl alleviate the pli minority.
O. What sort
A. First CF El Imises or guaran IĘ the full Lility of su: the last thirty yea safeguards or g little use whell thi a Te supposed to c thic first to brea violate the civil ri rities.
O. Are 'at Plog?
A. Yes I all brutality of the P 11111y ye, TS OW lity and harass widespread in th wice. These are or exaggerations. tic reports and the other memb hawe given detaile these incidents, Parliament and it
Q. Could we fica perso IV prepared to accepi or partial settier File: Difrif Misi i
A. We see litt schelle of Distric ging by the detail far revealed, we

king people is μία επεξ. Ηίτι 品 ) 凸e
H, LTE ஆ" il the si fire riori
[[iftựỉe. Changed’’
TULF is prepared h larger role to Criticid that the WCT II mellt sollid ance of establishtiems towards the Ind be allowed to EFFICIht I leāSLI es to ght of the Tamil
ef Frienz,5Irres ?
-paptT pro טח ,l "ES. We hälye seg Ich promises over TS. Constitutional LlEa T:lIli ties EL Te Cf se agencies Which Il force the law ac the law and to ghts of the mino
Peaking f the
Speaking of the lice Service. For reports of brutaTlent, hal ve been E NOT theTim Pro1st bogus stories They are authenI together with rs of the TULF descriptions of in the previous this one.
ІГл. То "логе дraоla te TULF he É1'er sig af firserfil E''Y'' FF7F7FFFF"F. Wiktig fers Wiips?
I01i5e iti Ministers, Judof the scheme so
dico lot see much"
substance in the title Minister. They will be merely political
OWell III it agents.
O. Is there serious criticism filie TULF's refi sal to resort extra-parliamentary measures in your OWI ranks, and by Pilitat and Tf7ďficial eller Perts offside the TULF
A. Yes, our refusal to EI1Etige OLITselves it CXtra-på Tliamentary activities, El Tid our present accom Til Odatio II of the UNP GovernIllent, is resented by Wellinger gr011Ps inside the Party as well as outside. They see it as compromise, perhaps even betrayal. However, while I concede the existence of divergent views and dissent among a section, I do not see this as an opposition which threa tens the present leadership. Of course it remains to be seen to What extent the TULF and the leadership can stand up to these pressures. Already We ourselves have been forced into a head-on confrontation with the government in Parliament, on the bills recently presented.
Q: What was your basic objecfiori to these stes?
A. In effect these measures will enable the present government to do what the previous government did for so long under the cover of emergency regulations. What were in the past regulations have become law now.
Q. Is flere a 77 y ffurf h ir rhie alleg7 līča 77 har ir terrial dissert has iera to the Postponement of the TULF CPF 'e'r fforl7 HF7īcasi 1775 de fo he field at the beginning of last Fion th?
A. NO. The reason for the postponement is the delay in organising ourselvcs for the convention. Right now throughout the North and East, local branches of the TULF are holding elections to send representatives to participate in the electoral district committees. These committees appoint the delegates for the forthcoming party convention. The convention is duc to take place at Wavuniya, beginning on the 23rd of June and terminetting On the 25th.

Page 8
Polítics A farewelli
O 3à f'ħS
first of all, confess that I am labouring under one difficulty because Mr. Leslie Goonewardene has not quite explicitly spelled out his definition of Euro -communism. Rather, he leaves it to be guessed that he is in favour of whät is called Euro-communism without going into details about what this alleged ideology is all about. Therefore, I have Lo stato my own understanding of what Eŭro-communis Til stal Tlds for.
At the end of the second World war, along with the positive forces that emerged inside the international communist movement, there also surfaced an ill-wild which was first espoused by Ell Browder, then by Tito and finally by Killshchev at the notorious 20th Congress of the Comillinist Party of the Soviet Union in 1956. This was the at tcmpt to Te Wisc some of the basic and fundamental tenets or, to put it differently, the universal truths of MarxismLeninism under the pretext of "creatively" developing it. This trend has been correctly defined as modern revisionism, to diffeentiate it trom the revisionis Im- of Bernstein and Kautsky during Lenin's time,
Euro-communism is the further degeneration of modern revisionism which takes the revision of Marxisn -Leninism to its logical conclusion. Khrushchev changed the concept of the dictatorship of the proleta Tiat into the concept of the dictatorship of the whole people. The French revisionists have completely negated the concept. Khrushchev stuck off Stalin from the list of Marxist -Leninist leaders. Spanish revisionist leader, Carillo, has struck off the name of Lenin himself. Both have said farewell to arms i.e. to armed revolution as a means of Workers capturing power.
Of course, it is principles of M must be applied historial condition: This is a matter the Tevolutilary country. But th, uniwersal truth:5 -Leninism which : cable to al lil CC LI Il of its size, de Welt national pecularitic are the theory of the theory of the of revolution, thi dictatorship of th To revisie any of cepts to deny ar. ism-Leninist.
Therefore, the 1 behind the ide -communism is otherwise of the of the state and Լheory about tl otherwise of the to socialis II thi Ti Both Marx and L├l: [1: 51ELLC W instrument of or class by alloth. the working class itself from capit it. Im1151 stash words-the repress' machinery and State machinery class which Marx, experience of tht of 1871, called of the proletari categorically TL1l bility of gettin capitalist state Il using it in the working class.
This is not just ice of a nice word uliar idiosyncraC different colul II trit of the acceptanc that the Workin to power only throwing the Ca establishing its The capitalist this very Well. of the Spanish

Euro Communis T and the LSSP
Cor Tect that the arxis Il-Leninis mil to the concrete of each country. for decision by рагty of each ere a Te certail of Marxis Ill Irc equally applitries, irrespective ppment or other is, Such principles the class struggle, state, the theory a theory of the e proletariat ctc. these basic coilld destroy Marx
lderlying debate ology of Euro the validity or Marxian theory the consequent le possibility or peaceful transition հugh parliament, Lenin affirmed as nothing but in pression of one :r; and that, if Wähted to Liberte alist domination, by force-Lenin's ve bourgo eis statc replace it by thc of the working after the historical * Paris Commune the dictatorship it. Lenin quite d out the possihold of the achinery and then interests of the
a quicstion of choo cater to the peces of the Tunasses in 5. It is a quicstic Un of the concept i class cln come y forcibly overitalist class and yw'n dictatorship. la SS
From the days WIL WAT of the
LlInderständis
A rejoir der by N. San FIr71 Zugarithas (Tri
nineteen thirties to Guatemala, Brazil, Indonesia, Chile, Pakistan and a whole host of other examples, the capitalist class has shown that it never hesitates to resort to the bullet whenever there is even the slightest chance of the working class and its allies using the "democratic" process to come to pOWer.
No one can deny the theory that when, in any given society, the relative strength of the Working class and its allies has reached the same level as that of the capitalist class and its allies the only question that remains to be solved is: Who cuts whose neck first? Either the Working class cuts the neck of the capitalist class or the capitalist class will cut the neck of the working class. History has proved the Walidity of this simple concept with many examples. There never has been in history a single example of peaceful transition to socialism
through parliament; and, there never will be le.
Euro-communism is, therefore,
a repetition of the earlier attempts by the social-dcmocratic par Lies to administer the system of capitalism in coalition. With the capitalist class. It is nothing else. Once upon a time, it was the social diclocrats who acted as the props to decaying imperialism and capitalis III. Today, that ole lis falle on le Sders of Lluc moder Ill Tc Wisionist5 a I1d the refr) TILnis ts. Bu L let u is Lider Stalıd that I thic" fact that a Totten tree needs a prop is mot a sign of its streng Lh but a sigl (of its weakпсss. Soon, both the tree
and the prop will decay and disappear.
It is easy to understand why
the LSSP, which is linked to Lhe revisionist C.P. in a devalued United Left Front, ha 5 a soft CoIIler for ELITo-com IIILIIisIIl because, after all, they tried out local waria Tilt of ELITO-COITTI LI Inis II in Sri Lanka and failed miserably as their comrades in Europe are failing.

Page 9
| International news
US arms deal and
T. Carter who outflanked his
Congressional critics on the Panama canal treaty has Wrested ап еусп поте поlable wictory from a hostile Congress on a critical foreign policy issue.
"Arms for peace' is a weird slogan particularly for a President who in his somewhat evangelical election campaign preached the new gospel of an America as the granary rather than the a TInoury of the world. Yet Mr. Carter seems determined to go through with his proposed arms sale to Israel, Egypt and Saudi Arabia, three of the most important countries in a Middle East where the US is the
''L / frei Mosells Eryr prror politerfiel "III lois, Ira and Sardi .fr Eiffe, 7 re Fir Fyrirg ir Per coa sirr spirici toplay: , aqrızi reğişer frFIEFIF F. İri he Jiř{é úť či rí7ifirJI Jirečrf This f: FFFF'er fra 17 Ebriff af" ? Merr. Ar The sarre rivre Fhey are a skirrig ja grges Harbeföre fse Liffer! Srafez flögg Т7/леІЛіпg: FJ als fej Forff resis face.
is firear carris firse, Joh:1 #e prééléling of Safer frstrielse: åfred rhå μήμίδια μική και | Effer" ir iš First Firg af the firean. The Shali arra tig Sarris förésee relieves increasingly encircled F radical Marxist forces, eEl reger' i 'If Filipigarrera fi fire 5.JPfef LFIFJT.
Τα Για τη Γεr His, τηε δήμή της Flying Irl Frrrrrrro cose Hise flie fes grefer II. rer rrrrrrr“ prr Their firriIrracial preġ birer.
(HENRY EIRAWT DOW)
"Is therg is fri be a Fuccessfil : - ) fir p: ser flerrierf, the Fregaragerriert of" Saudi Arabia's frigerating role is frisprefi Sihler. För HK fra fyrir fyrir lacks if Sailiff draft's perceived f-f-f-e Freers Herful sie rg refer I filosof fripLorrstrIr firs frisørejr for PregCE III d' ri e FICCJ rüger the rafficalizarrīør of The Arah Harall." (GE0 R0ir E. B.A.I.M.)
self-elected med.
ilkē.
II persisting wi Carter läs incurr Of al falt from ci
Jililiki: citliler ä5; Congress does në ParoLy lin es a Ili majority does not Sil PCT. Chile ci of 15 F-5s F-15's to Saldi the powerful Jew Stridently cont against à Preside illag: Shows, is ti Titiy ra tings indical We: T HInd ter Frg frcIII the Lance a stike, and the ne
For his tax pr r: Live reforms, it 1:4 lly to the T progra desperate need c. co-peration. No firm Col the atrins Was forced by a c Lition to pro We i Weak, iFlexperienc Poor buy froiul Ge office too lage F Te 50 Els go deeper. Prisoner of past captive of a predic miliki Ing.
SUB-SYSTEM ness of important rests in the Ar; into a surer perce 1973 oil crisis and
US policy plantil into tւtcմլու:
(a) toil and the (b) Western and dence on middle-e: Weallığını dil iyes ! economic stake of El Tea (d) the wide. Hnd ideological im Solved Arab-Israel the infectious extin nian TTnili Lancy (e) radical ideas into a

Middle East peace
isitor and peace
th his plans, Mr. 2d the displeasure perative Congress senblics, the US t divide o il clear a Democratic imply automatic Ontary, the offer Egipt and 60 ATHbia has Ehrown is lobby into a ative campaign 'It whose public 1o CLITTETht populai.e., Tiany signs of 1 'Crisis' Tanging ffair to the coal :LI LTL IT Eboli b.
(III) S:lls, sidiminisTĒTy" Plain äitl IT TI 3.S (Arter his f Congressional Betheless he stood deal. Perhaps he oInpelling tempthat he is not a :ed President, a orgia in an Oval Of Illi Tm The true Hë is als much - policies as the 'Elment of his own
A growing awareAWT I'lericiä III i IlleWorld litured :ption after the October war.
ers had to take
World economy l:Ipanese deրenlstein oil (c) Arab File:Ills, and the
the west in the r:l ging political act of the unreli conflict and tiple of Palesti
the intrusion of El Išlä Illic World
ಫ್ಲಿ
蟹 قي
f
הר ה"
"All's well except in two
departments"
hith CT to hos tille to such ideas (f) the advent of left Wing regimes (g) the extension of Soviet influence.
While America's special relationship with Israel will continued the US com Initiment to Israels SCL Tity remains film as ever, this Commitment cannot be exclusive. It Illust not preclude the advancement and consolidation of US interests in the Arab world.
Out of this double vision" emer. ged a more sophisticated US policy to which Dr. Kissinger, with his predilection for “conceptualization El Weth C label “even-handed". Arms supplies, an increasingly familiar instrument of diplomacy, would be one method for pursuing this policy and strengthening American leveTäքը:
GRAND STRATEGY: T Middle-east policy, a piece in a
7

Page 10
larger mosaic, is also a striking illustration of Alerica's postWictnam grand strategy. US policy planners drew the necessary les sol 15 from the Wietnam war its Illilitary implications, the economic costs and its disastrously divisive effect om US public opinion and politics, its consequences for America's foreign relations.
They took the measure of the new correlation of forces on a World scale, the nature of liberation struggles and local and regional conflicts and the essential limitations of A Illerica Ti power, rather than its amplitude, in the context of the super-power contest. The Nixon doctrine, another Kissingerian exercise, finds the LIS Tenouncing the impossible Cold War Tole of global gendarine and abandoning the nationally un acceptable idea of direct intervention or physical involvement. Instead shared strategic interests will be sustained by a sub-system of medium-size nations of local allies who will underlake regional “policing operations.
These countries will become bastions of 'stability'. Size, strategic location, military capability and econ Illic St TC Digth Will be the Illin characteristics of such centres of stability-Indonesia, Zaire, Iran, Brazil. III Til Thor, I do Ilesial did a clinically perfect job; in the Allgolan war, Zaire botched things.
With its en for TT1 ou 5 reserves, Saudi Arabia has become the banker and aid-giver of the Arab World. Saudi Arabia is as much a prop of the US-sponsored Middle East peace effort as Egypt. A failure to homour pledges to these two countries would lead to the total collapse of this US initiative already floundering because of Israeli instransi gence. By selling arms to these tWC ATäb CCOLI TI tries, the Cill ItteT administration which had already pruned the Israeli request for planes would serve notice on the absurdly StLubbo TI MIT. Begin.
But foreign policy planning is one thing and convincing Congress another, especially a Congress so sensitive to Jewish opinion and the pro-Israel lobby.
FOR AND AGAINST : The casc for thic Carter packige was always strong:
8
(a) The arms w change the militat Te Llain firmly in In ily Case, ti Saudi Arabia Star
(b) The planes not make a grea Egyptain ait p othe T land, it Israel whose faWi the pre-emptive st
(c) A failure to would be actic Sadat Who has Tisk his own political country's prestiger Lhe Allerican Will Ilä ke Israel facco T
(d) Any let-dow toլյld have in titl Saudi Tetali: Lion ci forms-Soil produc crease, a dena Ild in other currencie: and a novellent ments. Of a 60 investment in the
lre im US Treasury
(e) The French ready to pick up th Mirage for the able to promise
ΕHT.
The case against tly thin and sentime in the propaganda machi convincing:
(a) That Carter Israel ta retu TI to table il al Illico Te CC of Illid,
(b) The Saudis w from other Arab c. In the F-15, tht advanced combat
(c) In another would be placed a joint Arab comrna
(d) The planes Saludi airbase Eli miles away from til Eilat, Israel's only route by sea.
What conditions privately imposed regard to these I knowl. Will the Ili Carl Wil Stat rolli

fill not really "y balance which Israel's favour. ie lieliverics L
in 1981.
to Egypt will difference to wer. On the
might restrain Jurite tilctic; IS Tike.
keep the pledge low to President :led so I much of
future and his "elying largely on and capacity to el litles.
in of the Saudis |cull ble Teb Lil LS. olul Id tai ke väl. Ilitou 5 tion, price infor US payments ; (not the dollar) of Saudi in Westbillion dollar US, 15 billions
bolds.
were not only e deal (with the F-15) but were deliveTics Lillis
Was Lra In SpaľCIlInly pro-Israeli Still the Jewish ne IIlade it look
was "lea ning" on the negotia Ling Inciliatory frame
ould allow pilots olIntries to trail World's list aircraft.
war, these planes the service of a Id.
will use Ehe Thew Tabuk only 150 he Israeli port of
Soulthe Til HCCC ss
Mr. CalTitler hals 0Il the Saludis il
ts T ddle-east 'peace"
g again?
India
Janata Party's paralysis
H2":ñ after the announcement of the Indira Congress party's Victory in the Azamgarh (U.P.) Lok Sabhal by-election, a visibly elated Indira Gandhi strode into the Central Hall of Parlia IIlent in New Delhi and was immediately surrounded by jubilant supporters. It Was Her Second Wilsit to the Lok Sabha precincts since the rout of her party and Gover IIlient less than 14 Intյոths ago and it had its significa Ilce.
The defeated Janata candidate had the personal backing of the Union Home Minister, Charin Singh.
For Indira Gandhi the Azamgarh victory was no flash in the pan. The official Congress candidate a Ilhassed i Illere el 8, 157 volcs, against the Congress (I's) 131,329 and Jana Las 95,944.
There were special considerations in the Azamgarh by-electio II that make it unwise to generalise too LLLHLLLLLLL SLLLLLHH S LLLSLLLLLLLS LLLLLL Party politics, and Bharatiya Lok Dal politics before that, has been in U.P., Biha T : Tid Haryana, the politics of caste-the populous Yadavas. Like Janata, the official Congress also put forward al Yadava is is candidate. Indira Gandhi adroit ly projected a Muslinn Woman, Mrs. Mohsina Kid Wai, Who had until recently been the Congress (II) President in the State. The by-election was converted iI1 to a coInL:st beLl"WeeD1 the Y:1 dEi"Wiqs and the rest of the community all MTs. Gadhi Was a ble to make a special bid for the Muslims and Ha Tijans, whom Janata
Tu le häs antagonised il vide ELT-515.
The outflanking of Yadawa
casteism coincided with an outbreak of dissension within the Janata Government and thc party in U.P.
with Mrs. Gandhi reaping the fullest benefits out of Janata's discom fiture.

Page 11
In fact, the in-fighting within
" Janata was far from confined to
the U.P. In Bihar the Government was virtually paralysed following the Chief Minister's announcement of the reservation of 26 per cent of available jobs for Backward Castes. In Harya na two riyal factions Were so Weil-latched in the Janata party in the Assembly Lihat the victory of oile ower the other appeared to depend on the venue of its meeting. In U. P., Bihar and Haryana all three Chicf Ministers were members of Charan Singh's faction in the Janata Party, All three of them were caste-men of the Unio II Homic Minister, Thei T continuance in office was equated by the latter with continuance of his own power and influence.
On 29th April, Hon le Minister Charan Singh sent in his resignatio il from the Parliamentary Board and the National Executive of the Janata Party. Alleging that he saw the hand of central leaders of Janata in the CIII paign against the Chief Ministers of U.P. and Harya Ila, the lict ter commented bitterly: “A party whose leadership is not-inspired by truth, justice or public interest, can never deliver the goods or render ally service to the people.' It was Charan Singh's fourth letter of resignation since the for nation of the Janata Government.
Janata's internal problems are not confined to the angularities and egotis Ill of Home Minister Charan Singh. In Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal and, most serious of all, in New Delhi, the pot was On the boil. Socialists were in revolt against Jan Sangh domination; extreme Right-wingers were intolerant of Left-inclined Chandrasheka r's interventions as party President in their affairs. Ti New Delli, for the first time since the formation of the Janata Party, 25 MP's belonging to Jagjivan Rann's former Congress for Democracy met to record their protest at the Ilanner in which they had been treated in the Government and the party. The Politbureau of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), which supports the Janata Government, in a review of the Azamgrah by-election result referred to a "crisis' in the Janata Party which has "paralysed the
Jinnata Party's mate the rising cl Indira Gandhi'
its grip over th lowering its pre: people. The c. Wils that the "" tiya Lok Dal ci ing to donnina te State Ministries
ganisation, in a ising the Rahsti Sangh, the fana -troopers who a pulate the Jan :
Bihar, U.P., than and Madh. have Stite Go We controlled by th former BILD of I the Jan Sangh, wi Ilant in the first Li Jan Sanghin the Ti Centra Gover Illi Treflects a Ilorc ( Ween the compt Janata, thanks of Prime Minist But this very bal erly heter gene makes the CIn incapable of clea decisive action tC. urgent and critic which the count five successivec the India econ up the huna 1, m. logical resources cess of econo The two great developed econ c available ill wi Illes L1 Te to tht India, if it were to use. There fer stocks of 8( foodgrains and bala ICCS of ES I cTorcs. In til India, foodgrain pal consumer Wages prO cLure ear II. At a other coluntries: favourable bair Rs.. 40) criores Lusefull investible importation of ded for developm of the Janata Ilcither knows in learning how ti these great benef

pacity to checkallenge frÕIll Mrs. Ind "Ildefiled : administration, Lig: a IIICJ Ing the use of the crisis all Sangh-BharaII Inbine” was try
Ille Central alid ind the party ordition to patronya Swayam Sewak ical Hildu Störm e kT 10 Will to Ima Inihangh.
Haryana, Rajas'a Pradesh today Tnments that le * Hilliance of the Charan. Singh and th the BLD domi1 rece States and the : Illaining two. The It in New Delhi veli bila Ilce betnet cellents of to the personality Er Morarji Desai. nce bLivee U = cus collponents LTill Gover Inment r-cut policies and wards solving the all problems with ty is faced. After Five-Year Plans, my has thrown terial and technicto speed the prenic development. lacks of undermics are today ry considerable Goverilent of able to put them 1Te piled -up bu fmillio Il torms of foreign exchange 1uch as Ris. 4,000 conditions of are the princi
commodity that for the wageime when most
Te recordiTng uni:es of payments,
is an extremely Iesource for the apital goods nee
int, The tragedy arty is that it r is capable of
put either of t5 to Lu 5:.
In a document that he was commissioned to prepare for the Parliamentary Party of the official Congress, former Union Labour Minister K, W. Raghuniatha Reddi declared that Indian Big Business has now reached a point at which il Walls Mr5. Indita Gandhi back at the helm of affairs, Big Business is convinced, states RaghulInatha Reddi, that the Jaina tha Party cannot provide the political stability necessary for exploitation of the country. Reddi goes even further. He, who was a Imember of Mrs. Gindli's Cabinet during the Emergency, now contends Lihat “the forces of international reaction' also want her back in power because only the could the policies of the IMF and the World Bank be impleIn ented without protest, in the name of development. David Hopper, Wice-President of the South Asia division of the World Balık has recently indicated that the Aid India Consortium will consider aid of the Order of S 24 billion for India this year.
Pakistan Hanging matters
eneral Zia, the Pakistani
military dista lor, as some interesting motions on hanging. The General is not only keen on hanging Mr. Bhutto but has recently Warned thic chairman of the Union of Journalists, Mr. Minhaj Barna, that he would be hung upside down if he created "mischief".
LOTig a CCustomed to army Tule, the Pakistani press is traditionally a taIIhe one. Co[nditions in the country however have compelled working journalists to take a more spirited stand on national issues. Making the familiar mistake of confusing the symptom for the disease, General Zia has cracked down on pressmen and press Workers Highlighted in the international media, the tribu lations of the Pakistani press have thus become a Tui TTCT that Teflects tille larger trials of the people.
(Carr fad' ? "Y Page 5)

Page 12
Harmonious
evening
It was quite a ha Timonious ewellThere was Premasiri KheInada sa transmiting through his fingertips the tender music of his la test sy Timphonic composition, Magay Kaala' Mati (In my time, Mother). And to follow him closely and so maintain the music of the spherics were quite a few stars from the political fir IIn a iment of Colombo along with the hifi social Set.
Forner Pric Milli ister MTS. Bandaranalike was CoInic a Imo Ing the crowd of music lowers 11 this first light as were Mr and Mrs Pieter Keuleman. Mrs Cha Indrika CLIIllara Flat LInga was als 0 till:Tc 10 gain some inspiration from II Fly time, Mother. And there was Mr Rohana Wije Weera, tio 0, pr0 Wing that he was no longer fit for trca sens, strategCills a Ild spoils.
That not all this Walls - pLI Irely Ilusical harmony Wis late segi from the inclusion of Mr. Wie
wee Tas Jalata Will Likhi PerIn una in a II all-party y Lith dellegatiun from Sri Lanka to Havama.
Ford under could
Mr Henry Ford II has been asked to give up for al ti IIle his chairmanship of the company his grandfather founded, the Ford Motor Co., Until Some allegations of corruption against him are cleared. Mr Ford Illa 5 Tefused. "This is not a court of law,'" he told his stockeholders' meeting when the New York lawyer Roy
Cohc I pressed Ford to explain his admission to the Justice Department of "foregoing and
back-dating documents' involved in charges of bribing Indonesian officials,
The bribes, a grand jury in Westigating the case has been told,
LO
were given to secu Te CILIäct for Ford's to build a satellite tions systeil. Mr accused of lawing ti I kickbacks from I in retul Til for gra. Il rights at Ford fact ces. Building priva Londu T in New company funds is til ITdet älgi TSL Fort i siL filed il New of El Stockholder.
Hero Sukarno
Psidēt u. sanctify the I: The karno by liu haking lo hero eighly cars aft disgrace and i II tin birth anniversary June 6, After his du pro-communist colt. 1966 Sukal III o rapidl: illustrious positiciis El Tchitect of thic II d. into that of being a
will house. In the glory Parliament prc Himl Preside i TT lif hic accepted and lost fic Lidols of Lilic boo Lc t. E k Ila W III. A I calibre le unifiel l IIlass of people i. Imla tito Il - Inl I Iliade li ble from the Il yllen Efter leath.
LANKA, Gl.
5ιεί γι'rμήίμη
3 months this חסוח B | year O verseg: Su Eo Tiger 1"WC2 bg: i'r for OYersicas subscrii stil| wCrking out tho cription Tates and l'ITICLITCo Thérit : ODT).
FLT1 The Circulation M: Lдki GuiГtlim Pi SL11 Asia Media 3rd Floor, YMBA 126328, Mail Stree

El S 30 hillion olico Division
com Illu ilicaFord is also liken S750,000 Canteen Corp ting catering ries all offite hic Tes i Il York with le Cather charge | iլ 5 50 II11||ith II ork on behalf
las decided La Achille Suli T1 a II), Lilial er his death ill 15 for FIS T71 shich falls on ious role in the LIEL'S TE WIL IT
fell from the of being the OE1iè5i:, Th I1ati.J I 1 prisoner in his heyday of his posed to Ti a ke L which hölldur Conce Lhic TI Tiilihcd cca Lup ca Ille: cilicir of Tric heter Cogic Incious L : LICIT I misclf inseparaliving and now
JARDIAN
s RS. 5Rs. 30/- Rs. 60/-
scriptions
Tany Inquiries tis, We ārē ! foreign subs5shia II T1 3, ke a rhi
Ilil
Jblishers,
ILITեւtilding: it, I tilt imեւ 1:
Tuneinto
BRSTOL SPORTS NEWS
every evening at 7:30 over SLBC channel 2

Page 13
| Press opinion
Praise from America
economic policy followed by President Jayewardene's NP government has been praised by an American paper and this pa negyric Was pro Iulinently displayed by the Daily News y esterday. Buit LOWards the endi ʼ of th report the impression left is that even the American sponsors of their Sri Lankan pet are in doubt about whether Mr. Jayewa Tidere can emulatie the Japanese recovery. Even countries like Belgium and Portugal which escaped the ravages of war did not recover sufficiently even after receiving Marshal Aid. To imagine that Sri Lanka can, through the Free Trade Zone lIld the Maha Welli, recover as fast as the Japanese did is to indulցe in daydreams. According to that Amcrican report Mr. Jayewardene is betting on the foreign aid he is expecting in his race against time. Let Lis, too, say that heis indulբing in a gamble staking the fate of a Ilation. - Athitha
The hangman's laws
hat the Tamil Liberation
Tigers should be curbed is beyond argument. They should be curbed in the common interests of the Sinhala, Tamil, Muslims and Burghers in this country. But the two Bills presented in parliament pave the Way for a suspension of the democratic rights of
the coil Inuity Öf 5 li chi LuIiIiIiIii Presidct. Tie CJC (CCIII lissiji Wije Weera a Tid Ըountry were : Il elt. Il the C: gWTIllilt T critic legislati emergency. Th Col hellä | f of enabled those fräLIds to Wash The goverille has Tellowed b, till del Cratic the legislation the last ning I TILITIČTeil del
la test bis I bIriël. - Dir
Who deserv whipping?
Elle position
be tillat hic to a state wer take El colectiv, bicca Lusic IT ost are out on fore the Agriculture the Tride Mini When the Tric Still the Agric absent, So muc tra. Wel on behalf Sometimes even
er 5 åre missing. has to look However that II problem has coin by the entire g extent that will that the Ministe T1ẽ55 Of Lhe coi Til the Circumstå to import pota LEF told losses. I ded to whip th agricultural prod
 
 
 

With the granting ed powers lo the abolition of the n, 1 hic release of the Olivers of the one by this goverпlarge that the last icted anti-dilemo— In and ruled by tears they shed "democracy” halwe uilty of exchange
their sins away. it boasts that it LTriers pul across way of life. But it has passed in onths has in fact
lcracy. The two herely marik its akara
es the
today seems to Cabinet is educed it is liable to c decision simply of the Illinisters sign travel. When Minister is present ter is Absent. And Minister is pretu Te Millister is th have they to ' of their country
the Acting MinisSolle Cle else after that work. ay be the potato 2 to be neglected 3 Werni lent to a In ants saying that ris hawe no awa TeLIntrys problens. inces the decision .ticles cail creats t has becil decieyes Who steal Lice. We do not
say that this is just. But if thieves are to be whipped for stealing agricultural produce what punishment should be given to those who destroy our agriculture in other ways - Janadina
(tevton Baily 2etus
Strange Case
- These seriences (?) from a CDN editorial or non-alignment Have Fior Heer, Iris II feel info English -
Movement has proved to possess an unexpected tenuous kild of strength. Its founders attempted to provide it with a Warp of illoral fibe incorporating the commonly held basic values that undellie all civilised human living and instead of tough bonds of the un breakable varicity, they tried the experiment of binding together a loosely knit heterogeneous group of nations with a common heritage of colonial exploitation and com Innom problems. Since the apparently uncommitted who constitute the Non-Aligned are subject to cross-currents of influence from countries with whorl. they have economic dealings and are coil pelled to be accommodating in the interests of survival it is a matter for su T prise that the movement has survived so far. It is a strange casc of cohesiveness being maintained because the bonds are so unconstricting.
The Ministerial Meeting at Haiwana has called for con Crete measures such as the dismantling of military bases of the big powers in the regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America which everyone will agree would improve the security of these regions ald ensure their. surviving the next global holoCall SL.
l

Page 14
Current topic
Do we need a me
Y. bլյt...
From the time the Ceylon Shippiing Corporation was started, official pronouncements on shipping policy have made it clear that the official view is that we need a national shipping line as a meals of earning foreign cxchange and of providing employment.
But a Llerchant mal Tine is highly capital intensive and is the least Tewarding way of earIning foreig II exchange. The major part (it could be as high ag 75%) of foreign exchange earned in shipping is cxpended in disbursements abroad. Such disbursements include fuel, oil, port dues in foreign ports, agency fiċċs and brokerage, cargo supervision, crew wages, repairs abroad, painting, water, garbage, stores , ste Vedring, III edical expenses etc. etc. Even repairs in the home port have a heavy foreign exchange component. All this in addition to the foreigll exchange capital cost of the vessels.
As a Illeans of casilg the unenployment problen al merchant marine is even less rewarding. If, instead of a merchant fleet, Rs. 200 millio II had been invested in 5olle prollising export-oriented industries it would have provided 100 times the 500-odd employment opportunities that CSC has produced (say 50,000 jobs) and earned several ti Tles the net foreig Il exchange earned by CSC. Dr. Schulmacher calculated that the capital cost of El job Lusing in termediate technology was £70 - £100. The UF government's crash employment programme of 1970 was based on an estimate of Rs. 200 million in current expenditure and an equal amount in capital expenditure as the financial requirements of 10,000 jobs.
Why then do we need a national Illerchant fleet? Is it to show the flag? Is it for considerations, cof Tlational prcstige? There are su rely Immo Te po Tessing Imalt Liers that should
take priority in grammies. FroIII Ceylon Shipping
set up in 1969 Secretaries, Chai etc... ht: We COITlo : rently Ino o nc so f his mild to the fi tion: Why do we nawy? Everybody not a bad thing t L tha L. BLlt blirie files of the Ship T15 Wer hä5 bee April 1966 in J. Te Port. Bathurst obviously must . potential in order
the present foreig пiu II оп all its
to be able to e. freight Tates whi whole economic a if til Island il
Implications
There Te Gewe tills il this st3, te Sri Lailka’s exter capped by tlinati Tätes a l d the Teilli cap by offering Tates should be: of Illaltio II ll Tiller carries with it the Collir Tierehalt II public utility an viewed as a prima enterprise. (What of a Health Depa ways Department was profit?)
It Ille 13 i hit : Cilliot be achieve with the giant Im. ce5 and charging ri Les O' Si La means that the p mechant navy s cur exports IT or the World's lar imports cheaper,
motional rates tionals so that t themselves as against fo Teign means that the CũIlfeTelces is Wh

rchant navy?
the nation’s prothe Time Lile Corporation was Pa Tito Lis Ministers, IIc. Directors lid go me but apair has addressed լIIllimental զile:8- : IEEd H ImЕГChaПt assumed it was o lave ind left it along the dusty ing Ministry the in available since çok N. Balthill TG LTS saidi: “Ceylon levelop a shipping to try and reduce In exchange pretilde l5) xert if ILlence OT1 ch can affect the Tid social progress its people."
Tal crear implicamEnt. Cîne is that Ilal trEldeis handirally high freight Will of this laii.
economic freight the "fisegru i: 'etreg hant nawy. This : implication that avy should be a il should Tot be rily profit-c:HTIning ... would you think rtment or a High
whose main aim
lich an objective ti by ganging up Ilopoly conferenconference freight nikl Cargoes. It rimary aim of our hould be to make e competitive in kets, t) TF1, ke CouT
and to give pro:) — oLur 1T1 - trF.dlihey can establish wiable enterprises competition. It time to join the em our merchant
W. P. Wittach
nawy is big enough and experienced. e Enough to be ble to have a Wery definite Say on freight Tates.
Now, these were not objectives that could be entrusted to private entrepreneurs risking their own capital. It was for this reason that Bathurst concluided that “El government-owned shipping corporation is perhaps the best vehicle to start With...“ Bathurs töck this Wiew despite his opinion, which he placed on record that generally speaking gover In me11 Li participa Lion ilin international shipping has been a failure In 1Qre Often thäIn a Success because of the civil ser wice way of thinking.
"The usual bureaucratic approach to problems of goverпепt organisations, together with a correspČInding lack of flexibility, initia Liwe Il busiessä Eclimcil docs. Il tot citl itself to Ileeting the ever-changing and highly coll petitive situations prevailing in World shipping." The problem the was how to eat our cake of "flexibility, initiative and business acumen while having it in the shape of "a government -owned shipping corporation''
A long time ago
1966 was the year they appointed the Transport Commission. It is measure of the official naivete of the time that to cover shipping they put on the commission a local agent of foreign ship owners.
That was twelve years ago — al lifeti Te Wilheitl you coilsiler the ups and downs of World shipping during that period. 1966 was the year Liberia outstripped Britain als Owner of the World's largest
LaLaLLLLLLLa SLLLLLLSS LLLL S SLLLLLLL Street was still very Illuch the centre of the World shipping. WLCC for crude and containers for general Cargo were regarded als the last word in Inodern shipping. The 210,000 tio ili La Ilker" de Linits L 1 Mai Till Wag "the World's largest merchantship.' Everywhere in the shipping World there was an air of expectancy and optimis 11. But poor Sri Lanka had no merchant lawy.

Page 15
What to do with Bathurst's report". In the Well-hallowed tradition established by the General Treasury, a committee of officials Was appointed to report on the report. The officials were: the Chairman of the Petrol cum Corporation, the Chairman of the Port (Cargo) Corporation, the Permanent Secretary, Planning and Economic Affairs, the Captain of the Navy, the Director of Commerce and the Deputy Food Commissioner. Once these officials had their say, another committee was appointed. This one consisted of only Permanent Secretarics: Nationalised Services, Agriculture and Food, Planning Film dil Econominic affairs ald Coinmerce and Trade, These big brains Workei oll that "it was in the national interest to develop a Tierchant flect but could lot decide exactly what for In the organisation should take.
What was the next step? They had run out of officials to be put on a committee to report on the report. What else to do but get somebody to Write an entirely new report? And that is how Sri Lanka came to obtain the services of the two UN advisers Klinghofer and Leavy.
(At this stage I am obliged to strike a personal note. Recently MIT, Rolnic de Mel, Millis Leër of Finance and Planning appointed me to report to him of some II atters coming within his purview. Within a few days of my report being handed to him he asked the heads of the relevant institutions to illplement the recommendations in my report. If there were any recommendations they had any reservations about they were to discuss Icil with hill. This breaka Way from tradition must have shocked many Treasury men. Numberless Treasury men of the past,
now dead and gone, must have turned in their graves. In agile implementing a report without
appointing a committee to report on the report)
Klinghofer - Leavy Report
The Reader's Digest once defined an expert as someone Who was more than 200 miles away from home. Klinghofer and Leavy were
two Israelis and, undeniably over t from home.
These two expe to advise the go development of time transport f ELI1d 0 In thc establi lopment of a Ce marinc in particu.
The Teport thi Leavy produced gible English) w: inept and so outsi Te feicnice that While of Merchant S these facts to its r ment had no hesi the report out of retrospect Was I because if they decent report, su a COIIIllittice Woul inted to report on
Back to square a government ship Tun con flexible b Cf. Llei ** burculic: The government à gÖVer 1111 Ent-COT Corporation with participation.
The very first th before it had brill was to secek adını conferences. Soor was a change of Mr. Kıllu gallic’s Minister of Shippi
Mr. Kalugalle's
Mr. Kalugalle private share hol a fully governme ration. But he to the very vital Bathurst. I isd even äl wäre of Bathhurst's report shipping administ to Ille Ft Tha L. Li View that CSC sh more experience conferences.
He added: "Ce membership of the frankly lacks Lh experience neces efficiently. This gained over the by doing What the

in Sri Lanka, were WÜ0 hl. Il die Ilies
Its Were required "ETT TEIL I GJIT “FLE integrated mariacilities generally slı Tleilt, and de WesSlonese II crichant lar.'"
lt Klinghofer and (in barely intelliis S. Elstonishingly de their terms of In the Department *hipping brought totice the govern:ation in Tejecting hand. Which in of a bad thing had produced a rc:15 cքgs is eggs, d have been appo
the report.
опе. Ноly to have ping corporation L1 sincss lines, free atic approaյH' } decided to set up it rolled Shipping 1 private equity
ling CSC did even ght å single Wessel ission to the big afterwards there
gCI WCT 11: FTL !
log tegie ts пд began.
CSC
bought out the lers making CSC lt-CD Wned corpoHild To at te Lion issues raised by ubtful if he was he existence of A Senior Britislı "a Lor in a letter 1' expressed the uld have gained efore joining the
lon has obtained conferences, but
knowledge and iry to operate oluld hlığı "ye been ASL 1 Ily years Maldiviilms hawe
done. Incidentally, I heard from a reliable authority the other day that an officer of CSC in talking to a shipper of tca to Australia a sked Whether he would like Lanka Rani to proceed to Fremantle or Perth first I" (Note: Fremantle is the port of Perth.)
That of course was many years ago. CSC has gained a lot of experience since then. But CSC has certainly not served the purpose which, according to Bathurst, is What We need a merchant navy for - to reduce the foreign exchange premium on our external trade and be able to exert influence on freight rates on which depends “the whole economic and social progress of the Island and its people. On the contrary under Kalugalle's shipping policy the country's external trade was made to serve CSC. It was like the foolish Inan in the folk tale who, instead of riding his ass to Ilarket, slung the animal across his shoulders and carried it.
The shipping world of today
Twelve years have gone by. Leadenhall Street is no longer the undisputed centre of World shipping. Today a really big ship would be something of the nature of the 550,000 tom Balti lilu E. B LIL WILCC and ULCC (Ultra large crude carriers) are a drug in the market. Small 30 to 60,000 dwt tankers are respectable again. Containers are no longer the last word. They now have LASH (lighters abroad ship), ocean going barges pulled by tugs, Tollon-roll-offs with stern loading or side loading and a whole range of new ideas for the efficient handling of general and bulk cargoes.
China has demonstrated to the
| world her own notions of how a
nation's merchant navy should serve its tradic and economy. The USSR's FESCO has shown the long established Western conference that they Can Illo longer have their own Way. World shipping is in turmoil. Sri Lanka has 8 elderly vessels of varying dwt, gear and machinery but has membership in 14 conferences, a bit more than half a ship per conference. This has led to certain un savoury practices including the farming out of CSC's entitlements on a particular route to a foreign
(ČOH rado Page za)
13

Page 16
The Arts
The other India
Il the Ilicteel-sixties. When
tle Sinhala cinema was striving to evolve il distinct lational individuality, the Indian cinema was Tegarded by film-maker ånd Critics Eö11cEr Hed with this t{15k 15 the Ilain influence to be combated. That was as right L Tid Iliecessa. Ty Els it was for the ellerging British cinema in the thirties and forties to resist the do Illinition of the Americal fill.
The callpaign against the Indian cinema (which led, among other things, to the appointment of the Fill Commission of 1962-64 and the establisherit of Lille State Fili Corporation) was, llı o Wewer, directed against the commercial products of the Bombay and Madras studios Whic flooded OL see 5 dsaped our audience tastes with its for Iululas. But o Ver the last twenty years a minority audience has be
cole a WATe thält tillere is älp tiller II dial cinella.
We first discovered this other
cinema' in the work of Satyajit Ray We saw Aparajita, Pather Princhali and Apur Sarusiar (I remember they reached L1s in that order) in the Fifter math of Reka Ita, and the Apli trilogy Imllowed Lis all the Ill Te because it Wils close to what our will better film-makers were striving towards. The Film Commission's Report (para 249), While asking for a diversification of the sources of import of film, regretted that very little of the Bengali cinema, which was so close in spirit to us, had been seen on our screens.
Distinction
The Bengali cinema was the first Indian regional cinema to attain distinction, and all the creative life of Indian film-making is in the regional cincha. The commercial Bombay cinema has achieved its "national status and has also Teached less sophisticated audiences the World over only by appealing to a certain common de nominator of
14
If y Ff Gg, ? "frif Ffra FFFF" Hindii filmiri, AHİK firi
popular taste and has evolved a pecul rüstless chricter. Scale, this is als o L ras cinema.
The I egionit I cin: hild, is the auther the local life, th cally, it is the which can appeal filmgger, internati becHլ15t the best Takers, while root CLI ll T loci | CLILLI life, also use as i Initic language wh Tert from the the Bombay and Mad
Ifil the fifties Satyajit Ray and a of cell Lloid dreal iIm the Indial cine rent today. Th cinema is actuated
 

mLTTT TLGLTGT LLLTT TTTuL uuuLLLLLL STTGTTT TTLlLLLLLLL S CCCCL LCCCHHS
'e frèy friidiar cirerrrrr.
Τίία θα ίς να η γη μπ, απνεπίίαιται
LS LTTTGT LLLLLLLLS SuJuS CCTGkHS LLLLu L T LTLLLCS LLLCCLH L LLGLLL LLLLLGGS
in this process it liarly hybrid and
CIT - Sir IUC of the Mid
Illa", Title The T tic expression of Ligh, paraldioxiregional cinema to the intelligent onally. That is
Tëgional filmed in their partiTe and way of telational cileich is wery diffea trical idiom of IEl S.
there was one host of peddlers s, the situation ma is very diffeThe W Ilial by a vigorous
spirit of social criticism. Il Bengill, Ray's gentle, Illinlanist cinema of personal relations has been challenged by the fiercely political cinema of Marina Sen. But Bengål is far frgrn being the most actively creative centre of the new cinema today (the Bengali industry is in fact in the throes of a financial crisis).
A few, months ago, after the Madra si Filtriot say, Mrinal Sen's opinion Was quoted in an interview in Screen (3, 3. 78): “The new Indian cinema, in his view, was low flourishing in the State of KaTinataka. To SOIThe extent it was also thriving in Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. Watching thic larger nuIIber of films from thicse States this year than previously was a happy experience. One could safely predict that topping them all were the new films from the young film

Page 17
makers of Karnataka who, he asserLed Would in the course of thic next few years dominate the Indian film perspective."
This judgment has just been Confirmed by the National Film Awards in April, Wille. Il tı çGJIlle-Il LOLLIS Was Won by Gritta Shraddha, a first film by a 27-year-old di Tector from Ka Tlata kä. The Tise of the Kannada-language cinema of Kar Ilataka st:1 te to Ilational creative pre-cminence is a phenoIm:1101 of the se Wicilities. Its developlent is particularly interesting to Llis because it shows that the regioal cinema in II dia hlas had to contend With the collmercial BOIbay and Madras cinema in order to achieve independent life, just as We have irid to do.
The upsurge
The Lups u Tge in Kan Ima da cinella goes back to 1970, when Pattabhi Ralla Reddy, a director Who until | hein had bcemi making CJII i Inercial Telugu films, made Sanskara from a famous Kannada novel by Alan thamurthy (there is an English tranislation available by A. K. Rallanujan). Associated with Reddy Was his wife Stiehelatha, a leading figure in the cultural life of Karnataka who later died as a martyr du ring the Emergency, and a remarkable young intellectual, Girish Kal Tilld, Will läki Worked il Lhe Kalina da theatre and headed the PUČIl Fill II 5 Litte. Siellelal Reddy played the female lead, and Girish Karnad both scripted and took the Tole of the Central character (he has since become an important director hilsel), 577.57ra Walls Illa de con a sha estri Ing budget outside the structure of cominercial filli-Illiking, But there is nothing LLLLLLLHH LLLL S S LLLaLLLLL atta S LLLL cinematic quality. It is a film of assured lastery in its handling of the IT edium, and its content carries El powerful charge in its criticism of Brahmin mores and values. (It was banned by the censors for a year Tld released as a result of a natiomal ca Impaign ) Saris kara lil Ellis become as important for the new cinema everywhere in India as Parfer Parciali was in the fifties; äTld in the Kalin Iñada cinemal it became the starting point for a Whole Creative Illo Wellcit.
The Kannada centred in the wig telecula life of film-makers at young university d Llalles of thic II But the Telliik IT () Weement We Tt. Would lic beel the enlightencid p tie Karī kā Un til recently Ka (like Sinhala fil time) was confin St Lilios. III Tidi Inädå fill-Imnäke home, the State (l'exil to Imake 3. Il lakih for a bla and Orle Fild il any film-maker film within the S subsidy was a do է:L'OT1յmit: T{H5-011 effect of promo malking because beitt film-Illilktir which encourage բendent:t:.
An inspiration
Thic Kä. Iällä restingly cloլւgh, TH Li Tı Lou the fiew; il Mäldräs Will å out of the strait Illercial formula. Loo Tow there is Which has even II tili :II11:Tci:il risc to populat si directors. Shya BWF 77 ika7 Wäs sic two weeks when Bonbay, and i Smita Pati, lās mill A w Til foT though the popul is a great step foi bay industry and for Imajice is cer I fild á Indre g: words the creatic cally regional cir a fill like Bhin an intimate story love relationship
I have quoted sin's Wiew. Il 19 cinema needed to ludiences Tod: there is no foreig relevance and OLIT yolu Fıger film

cinema today is Oriously active inBangalo Te, a Ilid its e predcöII ni Tantly tClichers a Tid gra'gola fill school. able growth of the he last eight years impossible without olicies adopted by State Goverit. minada film-IT aki Ilg m-making at CoTe ld to the Midras ET to i Idulce KaiT5 to çTTE böck Government deciou tright gra Int (one ck-and-White fill half for colour) to Im aking al Ka III nada tate. Though this ited primarily for is, it has had the ting quality filmit gives tha offEl certain Cushion S his Celtiye illic
cinela has, intebicicon 1: Elin inspiТаптi film-makers restriving to break
lackel of the com
And in Bombay a "parallel" cinema, nade an impact on industry with the Iccess of one of its Im Benegal. His ld Out thead for first released in is leading lady, ILI SL. WOn the Natio= East actress. All: Tity of Blur.Pika T'ward for the BollSmita Patil’s pertäinly Temärkäble, ignifica Int step toI of HI all thenti1ema in Bombay in 1sain's (7/tпraолdст, of al III fulfilled in the big city, the Fil lil Cd) Iilll is54 that the Bengali be brought to our ly I Would say that Il cinema of greater otential appeal to -Imakers and film
goc Ts tha in the best Work of the new III dia Il regiCJIl al cinema, with its strong social consciousness. It is un fortumate that in London or New York one can see Illcre good Indian cinema in a few Weeks than one can in years in Colombo. Of course, it has worked the other Way too, and Indian audiences have been totally cut off from our films. Now that we have for the first time broken into the Indian market, the State Film Corporation should bring to L1T :1, LidieI 1ces th1e bettèT II1 li:lI1 cinella, addressing its publicity not to the stali Inillard Hi IIIdLL li mil Tamil film audience but to the film-goer who responds to good Western and Sinhall cinema-the kind of fillgolet Who ITEl de Carra a boxoffice success in Coolbo a few WE HT5 31ցL).
Reggie Siriwardene
Hanging . . .
(CGPF fills. fr. F. Page g)
Three jornalists were Togged on the orders of a. Imilitary court i 11 Lallorc. Ower El Hundred IIęWSp:ı per ali ild Inc w's Fligcılıcy workers havc been flung into jail, and bi) Lhı thle J LITTİı: İlist5" Uillı aid the Lillions of printing Workers have organised hunger strikes and other protests.
General Zia promised a general election. He pledged himself to the protection of an independent judiciary and a free press. He has not honoured a single promise. Meanwhile economic conditions W)5 and political LIIl rest spreads. Despite all his knowl transgressions of thic law and public morality, Mr. Bhutto is becomling El Ima Tty T. General Zia's ELrbitrary a Elidi windictive ways hawe Thade thic prosecution of Mr. Bhutto look too much like persecutio II. II, these circumstances, the General feels Illore and more isolated and helpless. His repressive measures are a sign of weakness and incptitude, not strength. The man who says he is only accountable to the Almighty and the Army (in that order?) may yet find that he is also ansverable to other forces. And thereby hangs his own satc.
15

Page 18
George Keyt and
ontemporary art in Sri Lanka
typically affects the dialects of modern painting or the fractLicd syntax of Giacomelli or Epstein, There has been a deepgoing and crucial divergence from tradition: for instance, between the monumental Buddha sculptures of the Anu radhapura period :Hind the mode: Tı 5[Lidi) : T.List's treatinent of a Buddhist theme there is very nearly, F. In absolute; gulf. The latter is a pure act of personal expression bereft of the Wider social intuitions that inform artistic expression within the ambience of living tradition. There is all the appearance of a total break
The work of George Keyt is very different: it is creatively alive to the past while participating in the continuing dynalism of the cultures of India and Sri Lanka. When he began to paint in 1927, als William Archer Temarks in another essay in this Walline, "there was no longer any art which was both Sri Lankan and Inodern,' and the way in which hic forged such an art is not the least significant aspect of his place in contemporary Sri Lankan Culture.
The assumption that twentiethcentury contempora Ilicity was absolutely related to the Western European impact was deeply ingrained in the thinking of the Sri Lanka II intcllectual un til very recently — if, indecd, hic is entirely free of the impression even today A few years ago a rising young artist was willing to Write of the tradition in Ie Wealingly dismissive terris -"the pale limits of the temple fresco, the decorative leaf design and the ornamental facade'' and "the frescoes at Sigiriya make no positive contribution to the experience of life.' Few artists have actually said such things, but most have painted and sculpted as if they were true; and it is mot strange to find a writer con Contemporary Painting in Ceylon in the Colombo IIlternational Ex
16
/л гgуfї
| Erated his 75ij Effi i Frijs. LII CơTIIIIII ở gỡ Fe εν τητα τεί αν ή F7FFF7F7A7' G, c'est
Hε μιμή| Dr. Ashley H. is Prosessar
hibition SollwcIli devoting half hi evolution of El and representing STi LaT kärl Eart c) tal terms:
*Wi: Lille c istic fai Llı tic turalistic imita ... It was th that gavea Ceylonese pain Inities. What W for the Inost with the pict flamboyants, y a paralysing su W Cor Il acade:Inlig
These comment illustrate the ci process that beg: ea Tlier with the Portuguese Ful seaboard and WF appearance of it ernalit by the b twentieth century. TELs wany w Titing u Tri fully awal Te til
"the "ctlլլcati today, after, o a century of IL1 CT1 L a III of e the national c completely ign other hand, at Subservien and tation of forei, little reason their present a Art of Livin shallow thoug to be seen in the present ag of the past.'
(Μερίμενα

Sri Lankan art
LLL LTTtuHS HLLL TTTTTTTLDD HGTLLLLS LT GTLLSkmu S LLTTLu S LkLLLS YLLtLLSLLS LLLLLLLLS LCCL aaaalTGLlt mCCtC LGGHCSLmm LLTLLL LLLL CCCLLLS LLGaL GLGGGGL LLL TtLLL CLmtEE T TGTlGLSLCLL CTGGGTGTGCCH GT
LLLLGGGLTGGLLHHLS SSkk TLL S TTLLSLTLLLLS LLLLL TTLTS
LCCCL LCHCH S TGGLS amGGGL LLL LllLL GTLmLSS S LCC
s' ifrarki,
Spirëria tri i irri I
LSL LLLL GT L GGGGL GaTLKGLaS HkCLTTlT TTLTLTTTS
L LLGTTLL S STCOGGL GHH GHGGGtLt HCHLGGCC TTC T S LLLLLLLlLLT Y
LLS LLL LLGLGLL LrTS TLL S LLCCLLLCCCLCLTTOH LTTGGS S LLS CCTHL S LCLLGGLL LL GGS SLLtCCCTL TT LLL TTGtLLS
Catalogue of 1952 s article to the Iropean painting
the history of in totally occid
clipes of humanLiecessity ToT milltio in disappea, Ted įs liew freedom new impetus to ting in the twe'ent before Was art inept trifling ires que (sunsets, ellow robes) and bserwiengg to Outis.'"
5 of the 1950's Ililation of a 11 four centuries establish Illent of over the Weste. Il lich had all the i Tresistible julggcginning of the A III da CCCII Latil 1908 WES IllicoFlt
clo Sillales:
il the Inc. Ilığı indi,
foreig i gorwer Eldulcillion in which Lilltu Te Illas beel Ted, tid om the equal period of l obsequious imigil marillers, ha Ve to be proud of clieve:11e1 L in the g. Evidence of hit is everywhere ill exaltation of e at the expense
' Sir Galese Adrf. F. Pi)
He wrote, therefore, that his book was "not primarily in lended as a work of schola Tship’ but was
“written first of all for the Sinhalese People, as a IllerThorial of a period which they are at PT esent - Tot Willing to underställ”
(Iίία) in the conviction that
"It is however, only in an effort to realise the ideals of this very past, and of the past of India, that there lies the possibility of a true regeneration and Tevitalising of the national life of the Sinhalese people.'
(IեfH)
Caomharaswamy is right in focussing on the state of mind of
the Silih Elles e people. Historians have rarely resisted the temptation to fix the blame exclusively
on the foreign oppressor - on th: introduction of foreign religions, forms of government and an exploitative colonial economy by the Portuguese, the Dutch and finally the British. It is title that the imperial conqueror's characteristically sought a total superimposition of their values and way of life upon their subjects. In the cultural spher the Te Wais, Macaulay's celebrated minute in which the recommendation of a style of education calculated to Imake the Tatives "English in taste, in opinin in morals and intellect" went a long With a SWeeping contenipt for everything India - "absurd history, absurd physics and absurd theology'.
A visitor to Ceylon in 1908 wrote in similar ter Ins, III nainta Ining

Page 19
Lihat the Sillallege **5
to speak of'.
IT : TL
(Ibid.)
BLI L While all this is LITLic Colle has alse to note the fatal Willingness of Sri Lankans to participate in the process of acculturBaltico II. AS elää Tilly als 1811 t Wör de Saran brothers, Ball hazal and John, Were sent to England to acquire an English education. A few years la ter To LIITTOLIIT was i Ilpelled to write of the Sinha lese:
“thicir language... ... the ancient history of their country, and the religion of their ancestors
rarely engaged their serious attentilo Ill."
By 1852 James Alwis was lowed to assert that the Silhaese lad become , 5o , enamoured of the priwileges conferred by a knowledge of English that they regarded their own language
"merely as a necessary evil for the purpose of maintaining intercourse with (their) country
le.
Ewen today malny urban STi Lankans who completed their forIII education before 1950 fire unable to speak or Write their o WIl la Iguages With Teasona ble competence. In the carley 1940's the University Department of Sinhala coperated in English and cwen Temote willages Were signposted in thc imperial language (trade signs followed suit). For nearly one hundred years the new class of government servants, planters, businessmen and professionals had set themselves to a pe the English in miller5, il re55 fu rniture, arcitecture, indeed in every possible aspect of life and not only in language, with a fond devotion that was only 1 matched by their gift for Vulgarizing the forms they strove to imitate. Inevitably, thic falliliar colonia 1. SeiTi se of it i feriority was compensated for by the equally familiar contellipt for things " " Iultive” —
......... the enemy was My People...... they always let you tlւյwn"*
(The Petr Trridir Horffer Gourgé Παππίτι, η Πί η πrνει η ΤήE III ΣτΕ of My Skir').
PORTRA The Artist.
Significantly, ponents of illud: and constitution tlle tWẹIltill:Lh Cu: all al li xip Ls Ltd ::
Tä Ilchise.
The developin Cteristic is te וrl-placesסוון ווcor though the cap urban Iliriddle cl has perhaps bee than that of sil Wilcre - "This oft en embryonii contantly strugg

T OF KUSUM
i come of the propendence struggle all reforll early in LLIry Were not at Tesis for Li Illiwersä
leTIt is so clia T: -
be Ole of the of colonial history, itulation of the as 5 of Sri Lillkä n. Im Ore thorough ilila T gTolls elsein poverished and c bourgeoisie is ling t o reconcile
IIlık Colombo, Sri Lanka.
rt Kawm.
గళ్కా
14" 1 0" | ԳԵԼ)
its attempts to control its own resources (and possess its own experience) with its inborn dependence on the West, from which it continually draws its material and ideological sustenance.' (Dr. Selaka Bandar Ella yake: Ilwai Peries: The Predicament of the Bourgeois A List in the Societies of the Third World - unpublished p. 16). Dr. Banda Tana yake goes on to describe in his wallula ble essaly a process "familiar enough in the economics and techniques of Ilco colonialisill but much less obvious in the arts.
Corri H Page 2)

Page 20
Books This god is unisex
LORD OF THE AIR by Tal Brooke Lion Publishing, U.K.
the sixties there emerged in the West, pilrticularly the United States, il generation of young people Who launched a counter
culture. They rebelled against the materialistic life style of Tıl code Tiflı bÜLı geois SocieEy Elıd
rejected the philosophy and ethics of traditional Judeo-Christianity. Many of them turned to the East and searched for all alternative in Eastern cults and mysticism. One such explorer after the truth was T: Brooke, son of a former US dipl)Ilat.
His involvement with the cults began at a young age. While in Haiti, their 10 list-laid had a brother Who Was a woodoo priest. lle soon gravitated to the morbid obsessed with dealth and Walking through cemetrics at night. III his teels he switched on to the psychic. After experimenting with an oui ja board le made friends with a clairvoyant and a boy Who had out-of-the-body experiences.
The US was being swept by the psychedelic explosion when Tal Brooke Went to University. He too came Linder the influence of Timothy Leary El II di Richard Alpert Who advocated psychoche
nicals.
In sixty-five he quit university and read Llp (In Easter II I Tysticism, becoming a disciple of Swami Ramakrishna. Finally he went up to a mountain-top in Wirginia and took 3,000 micrograms of LSD-25 a massive dose. "It was a profound, devastating experience that paralleled the experiences of Yogamandal, Ria I inakrishna, Sri Aurobindu and Maharishi Yogi,' he recalled during a recent lect LITe tour in Colombo, "It was convinced that I had been elevated to the level of the rishis of the Weda, s, and
come one with the universe."
'Eastern Ilysticism was responsible for the spiritual relaissance in the US," pointed out Tal.
18
“LSD-25 is the Si g0 e:S t.) - Imake i, the influence of Written the Upan India.""
Subscribing to GCJ di WithiI ELInci religions were on to go to India a the worlds religic find the perfect proved a disapp He was not impre Mahes Yogi, swamis or Krish
TIL EIl in Jim Lair in Andhra Pradic L'he :0Ile Who Con he was God-B Sai Baba. Bab; magnetic being T He appeared to doorway into th III neeting point wi
FTIT the oldtse: Tā Broke frī Teds of clicy Cote
TOLII ll liIl foi Baba's fecit Tai the pantheism th to. “GUI iš like: R||1. ... ..
Baba could dis ness in Till's im fiel the confusi God and love. whole past, B ** I am IIt) է 11 Im Truth, Goodn
Till was to b. of Babus at til ya III alshra 11 i he was to emerg Լlic group of all of whom ha thic II lainstream out to India, of tij Sali Babai's i he was to beco with the greates Baba. A positic he laբբed up.
Tal's faith in Want to love ye hel Tt, soul I and Want your will kilow you a Te G
Baba told. Til experience in a tastic of cost he could give it Inity. 'If he was :

the chemical thal p StillIlia, under "hich people hai til shads in anciell
the concept of olding that all , his drea. Il W13 i synthesise all of Ils and il 15.0 L () 11111 But India. intment it first. scd by Maha Tishi HE RIlikTishпа
TT LI Irti.
| limitteem-st:WELity :ll lie enctյլIntered wice hill that gawan Sri Sathya I Wiis the In St ill Ill EWEr sëEIl.
be the walking Le 1550i Lite – the til Lh: God Eilead.
t Babba li reti,' go Llt among the liլInds who pressed at Le Lit1. At heard CoIIC e Tiga in L : 55:ribed a big ocean; all
cer the restlessidi. "Hcı ild: Tı Lili = in, the thirst for
"I know yout tabil Wույld say. hılılığını bloci-ilı g: III
ess and Beauty..." scale a disciple e Prasanhi NilaPuttaparthi Here e as the leader of Wester de WitcCIS, d dropped out of of Life: Il clic ten been guided sh Tail. IIl in C Elle the West CTIl cr t access to Sili 1 of LTL1st that
Baba grew': 'I u with all Illy mind, Baba. I
to be lile. ld.....,'
that his drig
Wirginia Was just it bliss but that to Tal for eterIl av f7. Baba, Wās
Kishill, he was mig, he Was y COLI, he was the energy inside the atom. He claimed to be the incarnation of Wishnul and hic saill I tJ.J. could become God."
Tal began Work on a book. dealing. With the life and work of Sai Baba. He was nearing the completion of this book when things began to change. First of al most of the Other Wester Iers list fail in Baba and left the ashram. Then the CalTrolls, an American missionary Couple, befielde. Tal, Will the Ill Tal debated the Inter its of Christ and Baba and was increasingly explosed to the scriptures.
Finally Tal's eyes opened-hc stumbled on to the best kept Secret about Sai Biba, the fact that he is a heroIT ( ) bhi ToJ di tie. O h two occ: Ssions Sai Baba attempted to be
[imite = "yi [T1 T:t. l.
These incidents occured during private audiences with Baba. "He wrapped his a Tims, Elı boşlut 11:ıc, alıqlı hugged tightly...Baba's hug grew tighter. Why does he need to twist his pelvis? Accidental". Yet the In lidging and LWisting conti Ilլլed.
“Babas nudging pelvis stopped. Suddenly a hand ulzipped my fly, and bu TüWed inside. Babil's hips started to shift again as his hand squeezęd." -
At first he was incredillous. . 'Too Illuch is it stake it cănt :Ild in a shoddy stairwell with a qlicer. Not after a II this ... .. "we got to believe: i hıirni ........ I hiH We Llo follo",W hiI11 i bild faith."
This lild faith WELS also shattЕTed when he discoveTed That Baba hall beel iltiinä te With Tilost of his Western male disciples. The experience of Hil Anglo-Indian boy who was seduced by Bala Was Lhe final proof of his immorality.
In Delhi he spent his last weeks iIl II dia at the Peace Corp. hostel giving lectures on eastern metaphy sics. He spoke convincingly about the great easter dream and its perils. The dream was not a penance, it was death. "Gone forever from dominion over my soul was the Lord of Lhe Air, the prince of darkness.'
Jayantha Somasundaram

Page 21
Private wiew
The gadflies
ΤΝ: persons who perform a useful function in Sri Länka as intellectual gadflies a Te Messrs Douglas Alarasekeri and Abraham Kowloor. Both are intelligent and articulate, have firmly held opinions and express them aggressi
vely. By their frequent public utterances they compel people, who otherwise would not bother,
to think for themselves on various important issues.
Mr. Allara sckera though wittier than Dr. Kovo Cor is the Illo Te sinplistic of the two. The bu Tiden of his song goes somewhat as follows: Sri Laikal lias a dis proportionately high II murder rate. This is becāALIS: Sri La Ilkanis a Te Tot a civilised people as is amply demonstrated by the fact that in not a single Sinhala play is there one memorable line - Linlike in the plays of Shakespeare, Euripedes,
Sophocles, Aristophanes et al. which are replete with mc 11 orable li Illes.
This lack of civilisation is largely the result of a lack of kiloWledge of English which is the best means available to us of civilising ourselves. If we knew what Was good for us. We would, all of us, earn more and better English a Tld thus achieve a level of civilisation which woullcl cms.irc for li s a lo WCT murder rate and a higher deg Tee of talent in Our Writers.
In the light of Mr. Amarasekera's Lill esis sorme statistics I riccio:Int Iyo carne across were particularly intercisting, Murder, I read, happens 48 times III o Te frequently in the USA than in England, West Germany and Japan all put together. Möre Americans åre min Lurdercd in each three-year period than were killed III Wietnam in 10 years.
Murder used to be the easiest crime to solve because people us - ually killed soilleone they knew. But that has changed, now people kill total strangers, New York
police used to s murders, to day
AT1 tril. Il CCIT blål med all tillis ca Luses al Illing the racial tellsion, ei permissi veness, til over, the Pressur televison, client like, NCL CIC real reason - the ciency in Englisl Henry Higgins pe rica they haven years.
Dr. Kowloor is able if less diw. BLI L ii his em thit away from our to the only tille alism he is incli temptation lost a prey to. Som letter to the claimled that dur Mcla festiwal hel. of three rivers i every 11 years Hindus' Lock p. "I must confiss stand the "true II Iilurderous religi
Though I hic luca Tid of this fi: surprised at this iom la Irld Wildere Tmct of ILlia pel killings to take Efter wards a Kul" happened to talk widely Teportedir Not in a single Il criticol of Titul Ell of Hillus Cor C f Stյ it st:ri15 D äbi ve Thail flictil, of will cloth.
l)r, RKO","(] T ", ject anything W td hi clicwc li lil and auceրt only call slı YW LLS, 1 credit. One dif reasonable-sound Ecliefs is that it religions but the coutrageously tTE
dulity,

owe 90% of the
less thill 50%.
1llen til Tors live om a variety of Il powerty, dTugs, 15y a CCESS 13 glЛ5, e Wietnam hal Ingt: of urball living, ! col TLS and the still bled in the ir lack of profi1. As professor inted out in Aleit spoken it in
El Illore for mid:TL ing Polic Inicist. Isiasil to Wii us superstitious Ways : Flit of ration1 el to chealt - a hot-gospellers fall le Line algo in a Tess Dr. K3 voor ing the Kunbha at the colif|Lle Ice Il Al Italibald Conce "lass killing of 1c. Hc Hdded:
I ställt Lillermea. Illing” of these Ous Titul: 15."
i Iot previously stival was Illich 3 startling allegitd why the govern"İllitted Suchı Ilı355
place. Not long bh: Mella festival ke placc and was 1 the World's press. Eiccoll It Wastiere istic Tlass killings any other persons. r. Kowlor is not Iring his facts out
would hy C. LLS TEe are c:11 led upon ict of blili faith " what our reason o be worthy of ficulty about this ing approach to oday it is not the sciences that most spass (I) Olt Cre
Let Luis consider, for example, the neutrino, the ne West try of the cosmogonists and that new braid of scientists known as particle physicists. These scientists claimin to hawe discovered an filmazing array of components of the atom, some suppositional, others identified beyond doubt. Anlong the particles whose existence has been proved (we are told) is the Incu trilo. Russia 11 scientistis even claim to have actually photographed it with magnifying cameras. We are asked to believe that the
neutrino, unlike all other particles ca.I never be brought to
Tէ:Et.
They have calculated (or claim they hawe) that to stop a Ile Lu Lirino it would require a solid block of lead 3,500 light years distance in thickness. (For comparison, it takes 8, light ritutes for the light from the sul to travel the 93 million miles to earth.)
What I should like to know is Whether Dr. Kovoor believes all this and if so why so a Ilid if Illot why not, If a ration tal layman can be expected to Swallow a callel of these proportions why Illust he strain at gnats such as gods and devils mot to mention ghoulies and long-leggity beasties and things that go boomp in the night?
Maytime
I was sorry to learn that Dr. N. M. Perera had been prevented by ill-health from taking part in this year's May Day festivities. May Day without NM playing a prominent role is mot much fun. One of my pleasures in life has been, from time to ti Fine, to Watch him in an expensive red silk shirt and Well-cut slacks "in fair round belly with good capon in 'd' (as Jaques in AYLI put it). Iustily, if not particularly convincingly, singing "Badigimi, badigini". Let's hope he will be spared for Imany years to come if not actually to add to the gaiety of nations at least to enrich the public stock of hai Trinless ple:Lislil Te.
Arden
9

Page 22
Development
Development is more
Im Sri Lanka the di Tection is lorằỉu! towards satisfying the basic needs of the Illajority of the population. Whcthcr this is al Tesult of a conscious choice Gr å response to certain demands is not presently und r discussion. However, what might bic brought into question at this time is the relationship between what is frequently telled "basic lecds and develIllicit. There is obviously a direct relationship. But in a country where the basic needs are see 11ingly adequately Inet, at the same Lime what might be describcd als the development dynamic appears to be absent. What does that suggest? That thics: basic needs have Incot iIl fact been met i Il Sri La Inka, or that “balsic needs’ Inced to bę (Te) defined?
That intngible which pushes, sustains and ever refines a process of real development seems to be lacking in Sri Lanka. Development is Inc3:e than Welfa Te, the: la LiteT perhaps being one stage or clerient of a development. Obviously people II list have access to the clerients necessary to provide food, clothing and shelter. But what might be suIlle of the Other features tQ complete the process? Or, how can novement to the next stage be programmed ?
There are no models, no recipes. However that being given, a few issues. Inight be approached through the concept of liberation, that is, CLI sider the negative, Liberation froll hunger, disease, exploitation, alienation and forced idliness. On the other side of the coin, the positive: development for whatfor fulfillent of self, not IIerely a marrow individualistic self buit also incorporating the ability to serve the collin unity to which the individual belongs. This is clearly a holistic concept - the parts cannot be attended without relating tille Te5t. As il the case oF STi Lanka, the elements of the approach hawe been i implemented, but this does not describe the alternative development conceived.
2()
HJH 717,5 Naff of Prifddff", 'ச தt gr ir Eitt för", : ry " நீ E. Ferro o
A strategy to Wa opment, character indicate perhaps responsibilities: if lies in the satis hula 1 needs, at might be observed chievements, a II cates a secord | organization of pi levels defending t That is, restructul pressure from people organizatic that maintains th Same directiol. V -il Illechallis T1, t danger of a degre which might lead than Lhose origina
A Third Iesposi strategy lies in ide of needs resources Such packages sh by people the level, and especial identification at level. To operatic gramme certain Wi. might provide a st
Eés fort fort take: It night even be absolutely no v. stra tegy Can Imeet Without a radical system of educati out constant emp of edication. Th: the air of the e Wi || 1 L ty Lill: 5:1[] values as is preser "skill acquisition access to emplo TatlıcT Lha. Il as a : stral egy Will Teq1 a change in attitւ the Linds of pco facilitated by pri till which Illi Ilife for better, new

Exclusive report
than welfare
LGGG LLL LGG LLLLLLLlLGGCCCLLLLLLL L L S LGLLLGGLClLLS
The Grass
τα α τύμTτην τα 5 μέέη κιριτr τα με τη θητεία ή Ιε μία κ. GaT ST a GT HHGGTu GGTTD TTCCLGL LL LLLLLL
efeater is Frfare
fիք:
reprayer err's ri te physical
HHH S AYLLL LS tTS GGT LaLGGLGGGL LLL LLLLLL TT LGaa lLCGTYL
he Marge fristfrise,
disillother develized earlier, Would three prim: Ty irst responsibility actic of basic ld here two things : (i) quia. Im Eitative d (ii) which indieponsibility, the ople at different leir Own in LeFests. ring the political below periliitting Il as a Tiechallis II 1e dyna Illic in the With tյլIt that ԷյլItlt leTe - TeläiIls the :c of pate TInalis II1 Lû Tesults (Liller lly planned for.
bility in any new Intifying packages and technology. ould be identified selves, at every ly per Innitting that the grass-root ) ilalize such1 a pro:Iy concrete a reas arting point.
; pride of place. Said that there is way that a Llew with any success | Jerry II of the o, and also with phasis on El process it is, What Will be ducation system 1e e:X te1t. :, ffiTI tly the case with? Will it preserve yment as ill goal Tells " Tilo ley lire in the process Ides, a cha Inge in ple. Will that be cesses Of e LICElst an appreciation forms of access to
info TI llation, which facilitates, better forils of communicatiol belWeen people, Elıd which does not legelect Lille esseil til Icel for conscie Liza - tion at all levels? Solutions Inight Possibly CCT le through FOCĪTA' F. FeriFrientation. As an example, different schools could be Illonitored as a way to provide positive answers rather than solely a critical assessIn ent of the present education system.
Hei! Vi fLIIT'Tis lies al Ilche T H Tca il which a new strategy Ilight be applied. Health being the result of a. In LillbeT of elet The Its - diri Tika ble Walter, salinitatio D1, co II W cient habitat, education to foster self-IIlalagement of one's OWI health prewentive medicine, Working conditiOI) 5 and reme dial Illediciile — calls for contextual planning. Clearly th: greater the deg, Tce of siccess; in preventive medicinic the less will be the requirement for rei Lleidial medicine. Finally, a satisfactory health system does mot depend only on an increased ratio of doctors to the population. All the other Colpo III ents mentioned should be integral to health planning.
Housing cannot merely suggest the provision of shelter. The defiInition 5 holl|d Cloyer the TOET concept of a hits, and include the provision of fair access to resources to enable peoplc to take care of their own housing needs,
Fourd, e7 Tergy" a7Ta? "Wie 3 2upply af" industrial goods could perhaps be approached within an eco-development perspective, considering the environment as a Tesource potential. The origin of such an approach is perforce development based on diversity, on cirra| values, and which fulctions within the context in which that development will occur. The approach calls for a

Page 23
careful assessment of specific resourcess of each local eco-system followed by a definition of the type of techniques to be employed to cxploit l'hose resources.
Contrary to recommending an indiscriminate return to traditional techniques, the approach proposes those as the initial endeavour to apply science to development. The approach is pertinent to agricultural production, energy production and industries encouraged on the basis of renewable resources. For instance, the use of biogas fuel is a rccommendable substitute for gasoline and natural gas. Organic waste, specially grown plants, forest resources, indicate perhaps an underutilized capacity for the supply of industrial goods. Finally, a new strategy should perhaps encourage a new look at the potentialities of Telewable Te SOLITIces.
George Keyt and . . .
(לIPage rזזriffffel.JrgזCur)
"He notes that the process of development or Illodernization in the Third World is "so dominated by the cosmopolitanism of these Iletropolitan Centres" Lihat cycn the "lack of recognition by Weste T1 a Tt c:n tres” — oficin, he points out, “interlaced with strategic concessions' - only leads to a "rebounding of effort to assimilate, interpret, emulate. the achievement and changing styles of the West'. (OP, cit. p. 20).
Which is practically the whole story of urball-celt Ted Studio ETT of nineteenth and twentieth century Sri Lanka. It began with the introduction of Andrew Nicholl to the island about 1846 by GoVernor Maitland, Nicholl was placed in charge of the School of Design in the Colombo Academy in a truly Macaulayan gesture which launched "a new vogue in popular painting.... picturesque nementoes of a picturesque land." (Kirinde, p. 52) A supposedly French painter Hippolyte Silvaf is known to hawe been in Colombo
painting portrai it about the si Club – the ( Club — was foi first exhibition bership seems sively European mainly in What Piquilint in Sri and society Fi Ceylon Society began its long ring generatio paillers in the spirit of British the late Wictori periods with oc In the directig pressionism. Til of Arts also to a hilleb Tel different kili: torical genre p: ative designs ti iūnial Timotifs wil Selse fcte
It was not u tics and the 't energies and ne e Wide Illt. The ferɛ cCLiOI15 El'Ind El ! torial weatular With the impact the Chief Inspe made it part of to bring the d temporary Eur. Colombo public, CIC: Tictic form i artists Why W. the '43 Group year of inceptic George Keyt, Ji Harry Pieris, I Iwan Peries, ALI George Claesse al Tt Way Till of C: to painti Ing that fresh gra 5p of i a lily in terms Inity that had veness though it pired and nouri less experiment; European Art 5 ionis II.
These artists, which they for II eT1'OLIT:igele Ilt
of Lionel Wend place in the sitt a Tt.

LS and teach ing art 1 me tille. An Art Colombo Drawing I led and held its in 1887. Its mcmO halve been exclu, with an interest I was exotic Eld La Inka. In la Indscapac i've years la Ler Lhe of Arts, still extant history of nurtums of Ceylonese - styles and the Acadelicis II of an and Edwardian Cassional gestures Il of Freilch imle Ceylon Society proved hospitable
acader Inicis Ill of a religious and hislilting and decor1:llt deploy tradithout a reviwifying porary application.
1 til the låte: “tweehir Lies LHilla 1 fillte,511 W interc5ts biocalie eling for IlıcıW di Tmote daring picy first burgeoned I of C. F. Winzer, ictor of Art, who his cductive: Te iscoveries of copeam Lrt to the Thil Limpact took In the work of the Te la Let to for Ill (Illa med after the in). W.J.G. Beling, Justin Dara niyagala, T. P. Manjusri, brey Collette and In challenged the loIIb) to respond showed a totally circul Tial Tilbie Tt TeIf a vibrant mogicits W1 distinctit was clearly insshed by the cease1 till of Wester ince Post-Impress
and the '43 Group Led With the active
and sponsorship t, have a crucial ry of Sri Lanka
With 56 years of
experience and tradition
behind us C. W. Mackie &
Co. Ltd., offers you the
expertise in export of
Sri Lanka's traditional
and non-traditional
products. Not only that,
Our Wel established
Import Department with
it's competent know how
create that unique
atmosphere for
international trade.
C. W. Mackie & Co. Ltd.,
36, D. R. Wijewardene Mawatha,
Colombo.
Telephone: 34446, 34447,34448, 34449
T:
2I

Page 24
Do we need . . .
(Cūr 'L'. J'arri Pago 13')
non-conference owner, who issued CSC bills of lading, in return fura tiny colmission paid to CSC.
A Tecent news report said CSC was buying two new ships built to other owners' specifications. One is a USSR building and the other El Japanese. Thic: wessels al Tc aTOLIIhd 15,000 dwt. and according to an un confirmed news report are to Cost HTøL11ld 9 milliữT1 d[]llar's CäCh, Unless the payment terms are generous 18 million dollars could be a Tui Tous price to pay for two ships built to others' requirements. If payment is to be cash down we could get four decent 7 year old Wessels of the sa Ine tonnage for this price. Three Ilore ships are to be built to CSC's specifications and tenders are being looked at.
Shipyards the World over are today in desperate competition for
Iderš, The Briti cwen Willing to f dings in British Scal con be competing British lines. Läs L financed and acti Polish order for in British yards.
Ilth iiרוList Il tract was signed of six 16,500 iwi. the Shipping Coir Sunderland Shipb the tinc for CSC decisions and try fleet lilder the
iwailable. A Tecelt nomist said: "'Shi crazy that it is c. Wilers to buy new thain go to the di. -the-mail secondha
If We Te seTiLI il cliccent Terclii. Il Worst time to be i
Cryptic Crossword No.
by Stripex
OUES Across
S LLLLLL LLLLLL aLLLLLSLL HHaLLLLL 000 LLLLaLmmLa LLLLLL S HHalaSSS S 0S LSS LaTOS S LLLL LLLLaaLa Lta LLLK LLLLLLLLSL LLLLL LLLLLlHS S0S 8. I undo sin for separation. (8) 10. Wenal Sec. mistakenly surrounded territories. (8) 11. A part of the circle has a lervous condition. Due to
(6)?ggld טונxtrgIט טth 14. Earn a profit. (4)
15. Marco's game - a sort of pool (4)
15. Còn - who a cits from time to time, but he's Inc auctor. (5)
19. Way g:Li Colour. (5)
20. A. Illiited O:lth To III
District. (4)
callel
Age:Tilt in EastcIII
0S LLLLL LLLLCaL LLLLLL CCHHLLLLLLL LLLLaLL LLL LLLLaLaHaaSS0SS 23. Jack was an excellent fellow, but he often cut people
dead. (6)
25. Reckoned co-ed without number put... (8)
27. ... calls to , (8) 28, . Exchange. (6)
29. Coarse, spotlit and steatopygous. (5, 2, 3, 4)
Down
2. C. L.D. has no unit for this sort of reasoning. (9)
3. Can laid rising to Petty Officer . (6)
4. ... iliye Lup to Wicked Dess ? (4)
5. The non-aligned could be a sort of lunar set. (8)
2

h government is mance new builPards which will
for cargo. With December Britain ally subsidised a ships to be built
5l million confor Lhe building cargo ships for pany of India by Luilders. NOW is to make bold to build uբ a new generous terms report in the Eco| finance is IloW5) 1caper for Illany ships con credit :pressed cash-on ld Ilarket."
5 about buildi Lg navy this is the faint-leared. Six
to eight 15,000 tonners purposebuilt to fit Sri Lanka's cargo requiIcells Would be ideal. The present advantageous position is mot going to last. The Te is right now a bill before the Japanese Parliament to cut Japan's shipbuilding capacity by 50%.
The EEC's industry commissioner Wisco u III L Etieni Time Dalwig In om has, in turn, an In Counced his intention of cu LL ing the community's shipbuilding capacity almost by half. These plans may not eventuate in the in Thediate futu Te but they are very much on the cards. This may be Sri Lanka's last change.
In the U.S.A. they speak of what is called Murphy's Law: If anything can go wrong it will. In Sri Lanka's efforts to develop her shipping in the twelve years since Bathurst, Murphy's Law has been uneTring. 9
5. Malo-ist Tiili L5, EL HILI T1 id . 7. ... main carrier ... (9)
蠶_暑
* 楊 } {-
H Hului
*
-
*
(5)
. ... deciphered fish indeed! (7) 12. Eccentric projection before game University. (9) 13. Tuur Time: FT LI J r Ido wymi (7)
Island, (9)
ResLiliri las Freilch Coffee ini
tea outside Rhode
18. Worthy of high respect and chil, of course, be never
Recl. (8)
2 ཕྱི་
The perpendicularity of the self-assured, (6) Point out a pic-bald horse. (5) Low average? (4)

Page 25
ST.
ANTHONY'S HARD
FC
WORLDWIDE
2ầLJA( نظریات
COLON
o. L. M. MACA
|-
Jewellers & G. Wholesale
No. 26, GALLE FACE COURT 2, COLOMBO - 3.

DOS
by
ΓΟΝ
SR
RECEPTION
1d
LITY
- །།
WARE STORES LTD.,
1BO IO.
N MARKAR LTD.
em Merchants
& Retail
Phone: -27 975 cable: “MACAN"

Page 26
  

Page 27
Sewing
COT
NOW A
FLYING
ALEXANDERS
WHOLESALE
CHATH
Pole:
CHATHA
COLO

Thread
TON
WALABLE
WHEEL
3 CASTLES
| FD RETAHL
AMTEX
2 O 852
M STREET
MBO .

Page 28
Travelling by Air: You can now
Bargaining of course, means tha
on the price of your ticket but
you have to fly on third rate ai
airline of your choice, to any pa
ADAM’S TRAV
8l , Chatham Str
Phone: 20 9 5 2.
●
O Travel and Tour Operato
O Hotel Reservations
e Packaging & Forwarding.
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR:
L O T (Po

bargain with us for your fare.
t you get a substantial reduction
it certainly does not mean that
rlines. Not at all, you can fly the
art of the world.
ELS 8 TOURS
'eet, Colombo l.
Cable: "Adam travel'
”,དུ་ 0 Ticketing Air & Sea
0 Freight & Baggage
lísh Airways)