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Vol. No. 10 September
New concepts
- Godfrey
Understandi
- Francoi
Do we need f
LESSCNS FR
Gunder Frank vs
Pablo
- Reggie S
Songs of \
O ARDEN
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

CHILE
Special Section
SLSLSSLSLSSLSLSSLSLS
AAN
ld design
n de Silva
5, 1978 Price Rs. 2/50
of development
Gunati i leke
ng Vietnam
s Houtart
oreign doctors?
OM CHILE
Milton Friedman
Neruda
Siriwardena
Victor Jara
O RACS M N UK

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WOLI and ge
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Asters
 

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arwood WOOD... With
forest-fresh Ce ... a man's Kind :
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LIGA FT K F. É IS

Page 3
LANKA GUARDIAN
Wol. I No. 10 September 15, 1978
CONTENTS P轟鬣 2 - 4 News background ်မျိုးနှီး 鹦 5 - 5 International News Cold III bij - 1.
7 London Letter Telephone B Development 9 Democracy Editur: Mig
O - B Chile (Special section) 9 Press opinion O Review 蠶 Private Wiew; Cross Word 'ညိုမျို
National Press
Though two of the three major news paper combines are state-owned and strictly under government control, Finance Minister Ronnie de Mel fired a brodds i de aut the martional press. He said: "People no longer believe the national newspapers. the general attitude of the people is that newspapers
is."
While seasured pressmen may brush this critics. In a side with the thought that the press is the politiciar's favourite 5Capegoat (or, in the: pictursique Cofrage of 7 local editor, escapegoat), it is interesting to note that the Minister was on the subject of foreign aid and the Mahdiweli.
"Some people were talking as if the money promised by the donor countries was already in the bag' Daily News). Mr. de Mel did not choose to Identify these gli b talkers, The 'Sun' story was more bluntly phrased: "Despite exaggerations arid Speculations in the national, press, Sri Lanka Fidd stil mot redel ved a finds from donor countries for the Mahave project. People must be LL L aL GH LLSL LGL S SLLLL
ranted at Donor countries had so or only indicated that they may com sider financing . . . etc".
For the recard, the "Liri u kid Guardia rn' Teparted ("Unquiet Flows the Mohd veli" -ப )
"Pledges came quickly-especially from Britain and West Germany, but they were a qualified commitments, Each project picked up by the foreign
government would feasibility study by The fensibility stud, be financed!"
S. C. M. appeals
While requesting publish the Higher a White paper, the of the World Studeni tsor rotes with steps taken by the rist les sin the name ս քցlution to the Uni
The attempts to cu 55 i on, dissem) sna through hand bis II's meetings within the threatened the righ the un i versity Comm reduce the Campus Maha Widya layas Th these freedoms one suspension of sortie University in order student community g solution to the
Cricket Board
In his first bri President of the Boar Cricket' Dr. N. M. P he had 'some pull dert" and looks foi support from the g he wants 400,000). West Indies tour.
(CE), rir Heil dit p

Lanka Guardian uth Asiam Media
Flor, YMBA 28 Main Street,
고!! ()교 3.
"Wyn da Siya
A na ndal Press nihal Street,
le financed after their own experts. of course would
the government to Educator BZ || 75 C.M. an affiliate t Christian Federarixiety the recent University authoof implementing a versity crisis.
prevent free distion of ideas and holding of Cd F77 pLISes havia its and freedom of 1unlty մnd could 25 to the level of le withdrawal of Бү опе апd the students from the to suppress the ut large Is mot 55
255 Conference as d of Contro for erer’a 5üld that
with the Presi"ward to financia | 'a Wernment. NaW - f0 0 W te
ge :)
bo - I3,
Letters
Attraction
S.P's letter of July 15 entitled "Grammar and the FTZ' is thought -Provoking. According to H.W. Fowler the linguistic phenomenon technically called attraction is "a tendency less commonly operative in English (except in mere blunders) than in Latin and Greek." H.W. Fuwler further states 'some Writers are as casily drawn off the scent as young hounds. They start with a singular subject; before they Teach the verb, a plural Iloul attached to an "of" or some other
similar distraction happens to cross
and off they go in the plural. This is a matter of carelessness or inexperience only, and needs no discussia II. "
Jaffna. S. George.
1972 Constitution
The 1972 constitution failed because it was superfluous and what was worse it eliminated the cardinal features of democrary fundamental in a growing democracy like the Senate, the independent judiciary and the supremacy of the sovereignty of the people over that of the parliament at any tine.
The 1972 constitution was undemocratic because parlia I ment was extended by 2 years and there was no provision for a referendum and its ratification by the people. But the worst of all was the Tupture of liaison of sovereignty betW cen the Inconarch and the people without it being restored with an election of the President thereby allowing the country to go a drift and to consequential presidential T1lle.
The blunders of the 1972 constitution which are invariably inconsistencies with proper democracy hawe been Imany. Funda IIncintal rights ill il constitution are immaterial if a change of government at the i ppropriate time is Illa de difficult and that has been the fault. Colombo 7. A. H. Gunawardena,
Great thinkers
Your paper is a valuable ole and at a lime when newsprint is "Cry eXpensiye, I canlı ot Lıın derst: Tid
(ζαrΙfiπιγΕΕ απ μπΕΗ Σς)

Page 4
News background
New Constitution and
by Mervyn de Silva
t is a rare politician who can
see ill his own lifetime the tealisation of a long and deep-felt conviction. Mr. J. R. JayewEl Tiden has now be blessed with that extraordinary sense of fulfillent. The new constitution is, in al II important sense, the accomplishInent of his personal vision.
With a consistency amazing in sco Lazardo Luis a carcer as parliaII) entary Politics, J. R. Jiye wardele had argued for a strong and stable cxecutive'" which is "not subject to thic whills and fancies of an elected legislature' and Thot afraid to *take Correct but unpopular measures because of censure by its parliamentary party..... this seems to The a yery meccs sa Ty Tequit ciment in a devicluping country faced with grave economic problemans SL1ch Els We El re faced with today'.
These observations were Imade in his address to the Ceylon Association for the Advancement of Sciece in December 1966. Mr. J. R. Jaye war dere was then Minister of State El Id the UNP's No. 2.
In the same year, a lighthearted exchange took place in the House to which few parliamentary commentators at tached IL1ch significance. Prime Millister Dudley Senanayake had made a statellent on behalf of the government which was somewhat different to, if not Whi, lly in co I - tradiction with, what his Minist cr of State said the next day. Always the ablest of parliamentarians, the LSSP leaders punced on this obwichus opening and tried to) drive the wedge har der, Who sprke for the government-the Princ Minister or his deputy? Cool and quickWitted as ever, Mr. Jayewardene, turning to Mr. Sesianayake, and then to the Opposition, said: "He is the gover III) cnt ... I am the State ... ".
The episode : millo Luis by Lirst of Teady riposte di L his CoIII ll ett El t0 It in self-revelation Who krew Llę Tence bet. Ween th. the State. Lhe u of all power. quisition and ex and Substance (
In 1972-73, then Leader oi 5ub Illite the S; sa nic solution mounting and i problems. As Premada sal remi recently, if M had been persu: Would have bet tive President,
Left wing criti garded J. R.'s characteristically of a "class-cor who was ready fore på ry; as a to replace a Ce With a SLFP-U alliance after t Ille Tıt had beel til 1971 i Il Surri
Flis C. A. A. iT tile Illitl-1960 economic trend: on the national malling an iTıp at that time Cs politics was nea W{}||d Willero tlic וונIrHlisatic ווטa c Tulling cliques w and political Lif stability. (Sec T μέαriις λεηλα, could Ceylon sı tem and the soc was the scaffo L' III TF | 97 51, 17 burning fuse Wa
"SLTrong Cxet “Whirns und si

the stability equation
inded in a boholaughter but the id strike at least ir as an ungu a Tuded ompulsive gesture Here was a hill fulla Tental diffee government and ltimi H te repository And power, its acecise, is the pith if politics.
Mr. Jayeward cine, the Opposilico II, Amt argument, the to the country's Increasingly evident
Pille Ministe Inded the ASSCInbly Irs. Baldara laike decl, iL is slic Will In the first Execu
:s a L . thic tirmin e Tci * "Offer" | 8 tille Shrewd mancı cuvre scious politician' to put class beIII Will Co. 5 Lught intre-Left coalition NP, Centre Right he entire EstablishIt dely shaken by action,
S speech was made 's. Already, World s and the pressures economy were sigTitant fact. Ewell :ylon's pattern of r-unique in a Third tTcl was towards of authority by "ho perceived social rest as a "threat' to hird World’s Dispfacies). How long is tail its own sysial welfthrism which lding of that sysved tlıat the slow 5 not all that le t1 g.
"stable", cof a parlia
Li tiwic'', Incies
mentary party", "grave economic problems”, “correct but un popular decisions'-the key phrases in Mr. Jayewardene's 1966 speech indicates how he had perceived the central issue and thic answer he had foli Ind.
The new constitution is JR's grand design. Brick by brick, beforc and a ficT February 4th and the Second AI end Illet, he has created a finely and in trical tely structured constitution. Constit Lilltional pundits like Dr. N. M. Perera say it will not Work, and The TIMES (London) concurs, But that question is more academic Li han real.
The reality is the new structure of presidential power. By-elections has been abolished. In the event of death, ali MP's Seat Will be taken by the Iloilinee of the party chief, Defectors automatically forfeit their seals. S. lhe present complexion of the NSA cannol be altered until 1983. But the President goes on Lill 1984. Tlı Lus, the structure is given i certain durability, if not permanence. PR and the inability of any party to win a 2/3rds majority could of course guarantee such a permaIncince too-in the realm of theory, āt le:15 t.
The scope of fundatiental rights have been expanded and these rights made justiciable. There are however restrictions in the interest of "security', 'national unity" etc. How will the courts actually interpret them? The independence of the judiciary has been ensured and judges to two new courts have been appointed-while seven Supreme Court judges have not been re-appointed.
In his various capacities (president, head of cabinet and parly boss) Mr. Jayewardene thus enjoys as Inlich power as one of our own Sinhala kings, to borrow it not very judiciously chosen phrase from the February 4th editorial of the 100% gow crnment - owned TWMIES.

Page 5
Mr. Jayewardene is a lawyer by professional training and comes from a distinguished family of lawyers and judges. The lawyer in hii T1 (as in Other members of the profession) telds to believe in and search for legal solutions to all problems in the Stile Wity as Mr. S. W. R. D. Bandari naike, the brillian L orator, betrayed a predilection for linguistic and verbal solutions for day-to-day questions. By using his staggering parliamentary Ilhajority, Mr. Jayewardene has found an impeccable, perfectly defensible means for the legitimisatil of this el CTI louis Ctrl trälislition and concentration of power. The Director of the Centre for Society and Religion, Fr... Tissa Balaisuriya described the exercisc at a recent sy T1 posium e as a "constitutional coup d'ellat".
But to what purpose? To deal with "grave economic problems' to take 'correct but unpopular decisions', to create the conditions of “staПility" and Lu equip himsclf Lo del With si LLIL ti01S il Lt. may imperil such stability and to contain pressures and contending forces.
Economics is the larger reality. And these will determine the shape that social forces will assume and the forms of political action in the fullt LITc. While Tamil has been Illa de a national la Iguage (cert:inly a concessio Il to Ta III il Se Lilicit but is it sufficient?) The bomb explosion at Ratmalana just before the parliamentary ceremonies began on the 7th is a sig in that some Ilmajor issues have Iliol been de-fused. The One-day general Strike on lhe 28Lh is another kind of challenge.
The constitution is only a factor in what political sociologists wriDie on the Third World like to call "the stability equation'.
It is a pre-condition for what the government would call its development strategy. The outlines of that strategy and some political concomitants. We have already seen
- the subsidics,
lisation, de Walı IIH ti State Wentures, a I FTZ, Chapter tional guarantecs ment, the White
the Higher Educ
With the Wel of Chapter 157, c sed I the ex LI: tecs for foreign i nents conjured Tina ssiwe in wasior. Initionals and ag port in the 'SL. digils to invade old fears of In in a Llew guise. C Ille LS inter wicie in Westments alske a Columb o scrii is already beco II
N0Il'etheles.3 till I 11:ally inte Teslig phenomenon oft and the impact Etructures atld Third WoT|| of in West II cnt. It the prestigious Class', Mr. A. argued that thit it ргescriptions fог covery' should the light of the pla Il med by the Commission.
If als malny e the iterational by market cric tuTTı dolı itiate ı recession to de external er wirUn tant al considera fictors in the A shaky Peacoc and Soloza Foreigr Weis) a Tilinçlers tilt ewe stability Illust bi Wed.

Lhe import liberaOn re-structuring 1 CW ta x system, the 58 Ildll coristit Lillfor foreign investpaper on Labour, å til i 1 Bill.
cone withdrawal riticism was focusordinary gluli:L Ta Illvestinent. Oppoup visions of a of the ultiribusiness. A reW" headlined "IlFTZ" Te-a vya keče dian expansionism lan foreign govern
to protect their id:l participant at il T. BLItt till: FTZ.
ning a big yawn.
C: discussi led to comments on “the he picnct rated state on the political processes in the large-5cale foreign was the editor of journal “Race and
Siya na Ilian who ise of IMF-IBRD
II ei "rebe studied only in t grander strategy
LJ. S. Trilateral
co Inomists believe,
systein dominated IOIlijes Wollich in is is moving from ression, then the ment is als importion as domestic slability equation". k Throne in Iril 11 Linder scige (see re provocative rein our concepts of constal Inly revie
imported doctors - what for?
he government's policy of liberalised imports will soon be extended to illl odd field
- foreign doctors.
The allou Icicle It has caused much heartburn in Incdical circles. Orgailisations of Ille dical pricticioners as Well as individual doctors interwie wed by the "Like Girardia" hawe raised several questions whichı the Health Minister would be well a di Wised to coulsider.
Is theiric actually an acute shortage of doctos? Mailly of those interwit w:d hold the view that thւ: shortage has been caused or the proble in aggravated by the Inti distribution of services and skills. As part of the comillion policy of coI centrating facilitics in Colombo (the privilege of the urban elite) I lost doctors are being deployed in the capital aid the major towns. Of course government doctors thCInselves prefer to serwe in the city for reas UT1s of their own, like the education of their children.
No government has seriously tackled the question of proper deployment of railed personnel.
A galin, Tla y El llew gradulte is fleeing the country. Without serving his internship. The "brain drain' has not been halted by any of ille Il eas LI rċis tikcm by the list go w CTT 11 el 1 t.
One interesting suggestion was that the government should increase the training facilities for A.M.P.'s for practice in the remoter a reas.
The government's intention is to gel down doctors from India. Pakistan, the Philippines etc. Will thcy meet the rcq LI i Iements of the Sri Laikal Medical CCL1Ticil?
OT Will these doctors be sent to the rural areas for both curative a II di preventive work or will they be stationed in the major towns?
Cal T1 they coverco T1 e the la Inguage difficulties in their day-to-day work? Since they will be working C1 CC 1 LT1ct for the gover II ment will they be governed by the AR's and Health Dept. regulations?

Page 6
A question which worries many doctors is that despite the governmcıl's dcclaired ait to emphasise preventive medicine, Ilo incentives are given to attract doctors to this specialily. There is general reluctance on the part of doctors to take to this field for various reasons, e.g. less private practice.
The first major challenge to govt
le one-day token strike on
September 28th is the first major challenge to thic gover In Tinent on the labour front. The UNP government has had more than : taste of lightning or wildcat strikes provoked by local incidents, and at least one Well-organised strike by the Blink Employees Union. But this is the first concerted Illove by the uniors, in as luch as 17 federations and Iajor unions are in wolwell. The la di core of c3 LI Tsie is the JCTUC) coil prising the unions affiliated to the SLFP, LSSP and CP, Others like CMU, the unions now commanded by Mr. Wasudeva Nanayakkara's "Tew LSSP, Mr. Sali muga thasan's CTUF, the PDP organisations have also decided to participate. In sh0It, il n'On-UNP LIThi(115 With the exception of the CWC are lined Lipo.
Besides the old demands (restoration of subsidies, the re-instaticment of victirnised employees etc) there is a brand new wage demand - an all-round pay rise of 150per month.
Since the CWC is now formally linked to the government, the unions represent the entire Opposition, A big question mark hangs over the TULF unions. What will they d
Another interesting angle is how the government will size up the situation after September 28th and how its assessment will affect, if at Hill, the government's decision to introduce the "Contract of Employment Bill". One of the Iain deImands is the total withdrawal of the White Paper. The Bill contains many of the proposals in the Whitc Paper with certain modifiCilt I, 15.
4
No perse by a Staff Writ
VERA" 17:18
news las L. W Anniversary of
peil de Ilce, being { Cold IIlıb ald FK the presence in S Francois Hoo LI L: 1 returned from E of Wict III. C Dictor of Philo pricist, is no stra In deed het Häs easily the best an in this country, "Religior Ird
LTrıktı." Currell the prestigious C of Lou wair), Belg tart has bic,
frequent visi Lor il Tid Cuba. In
three public le Colob, the c' Index-China and of Wiith:linese - וpgd up ingוןיִcrt tart's coilets recording.
Though si uspici between Chila El Over a thousand not by any meal tal teas con for The he said, criticis Orthodox weste CLIII Cort Til LE (L1 til factor. As far a: the Hwa people Chinese origin) HollLLTt Sid th
Li tiely In c» eviden: policy of persec ethnic minority by the Wietname: in the case of Wietall, who million, the policy Communist Pir religio 15 and eth bee cine of e reconciliation : integration into Lh Tcc ibn St TLıcti) rtl.
Of course, 5; the "entrepreneu the Chinese com: hard hit as revolutionary pro

!cution in Vietnam - accular
very much in the eek With the 33rd WietfläInese Indecelebrated in both andy, as well as iri Lanka of Canon I who had just
cx esi W tol El T1011 Houtart, a sophy and a Jesuit Inger to Sri Lanka. written what is alysis of Buddhism a book entitled Ideology" ir Sri ily the Rector of "ath Collic University ium, Canon HouÖVer the years a LC) China, WictnáTIl the course of the :t u Tes he gawe in Lurrent disputes in the Lirl Settled State
Chiles e relations, ritably. Fr, Hou
Te well WCTE E
ons and prejudices rld Wietnam range years, these are ris the fundamenCurrent proble.Ils, ing the wiews of In analysts who psychohistorical s the question of (Wietnamese of is comecrmed, Fr. it there was abso* Whil te wer. Of à LI ti in against tillis being conducted it. I thorities. As hic Christians il lunter about 3 of the Wietnamese ty towards all inic minorities has էt Teme ԼոlereIlte, tid gradualistic e tasks of socialist
id Fr. Hill tart rial" sections of munity hawe been the Wict la These t1 fromטייט ווT 83טט
the national-democratic phase to the socialist phase. But this process has effected all businessmen and nerchants, irrespective of ethnic origin, Hind was indeed an ime witable historical phase which has occured after the Chinese Revolution of 1949 as that Revolution proceeded to its socialist Lasks. Having visited the predominantly Chinese a reas of South Wietnam such as Cholon, and having spoken to the people there Fr. Houtart said that there wasn't a shred of cvidence as to any palicy of persecution being direct cd against the Hwa people. Of course, he added, the Te may halwe beel isolated instances of individuals being inal treated at the hands of ill trained or inexperienced party cadres. As for the massive exodus of Hwa people, he said this was triggered off by rumours spread mainly by rich scctions of the Hwa coisrinn uility, that war would break; out shortly between Wiel nam and China and since in such as event the Hwa people would be caught in the middle, it was safer to head for the "motherland" as soon as possible. Fr. Houtart said that the Wietnamese authoritics would new cr have initiated such a rumour. since the conscquent socio-economic dislocations caused by the mass exodus had highly deleterious effects on the socialist reconstruction Lunderway in Wietnam.
Questioned as to why the Sino -Vietnamese dispute really had a risen, if it wasn't because of the the Hwa people, Fr. Houtart replied that it was located in thic contradictory 'visions of today's world" held by China and Wiela II. The Chinese and Wietnamese world views, which had once been faily close, had begun to diverge since China's refusal to enter an antilUS UI nited Front in thic Imid-sixties and also since the Cultural Revolution, which the Wietnamese Communist Party disapproved of. However the really sharp divergence of views took place over the past few years when China began to adopt a policy of Initing with all
Corrified a Page ra)

Page 7
International news
Iran Mass agitation
J ust-as Chairman Hua Kuo Feng was singing the lavish praises of one of the World's leading anticoIIIllunists, the Shah of Iran, a fresh wave of mass agitation was shaking the Peacock throne to its very founda tid) ns. The current outbreak of wiolence which has already resulted in several dozen dea: hs, is Jinly thic TL10st recent manifestation of the popular uphel Will Which Colliented in November last year. Since tha L time, widlent popular protest has er upted repeatedly in the Imajor cities of Tehran, Isfahan and Tabriz, with Savage repression ulleashed by the security forces only resulting in a further cscalation and contiuation of the violence.
The Shah has attempted to portTay Lilhe Copposition to this regime as being religious traditionalist" responses against the secular In oder Ilization that he has initiated. While lost Western Tews sources seem to have apped up that piece of disinformation, the more perceptive a mong Western journalists sharply qui Cisticol this point of wiew. For instance Nichlis Gage, Writing in the New York Tirres states thal despise the heterger city of tlic Iuliarius forces currently Tanged against the Shah, “hese groups llave submerged their individual goals, which hawe kept thern divided in the past, to unite behind a single objectivethe establishment of a democratic gwerrı Tleil.” Thus, te str Luggle is fulda meilt; lly ble for political dilocracy, rathcr than a return to tradiionalism. Tile sane Correspondent goes on to 11 derline this point by qiloting Ayatollah Kazem Sh: reatmadary, th: leader of the Moslem oppositio inside Iran, who said: “Whalt We want is a relrl of out rights, to he free to elect out will representa tiwes and t ) hawe power Wested in the people."
shakes
The
The popular pr T. Only political cColomiç : ind cLI Iraq, Libya or " 11 (L14 (il Wealth Li wet (OPEC u llilt chan11:ll: tl, in a r milli neT, for the people. Instead, гепа inted concent. of a parasi tical II opulent lifestyle When Contrasted of the masses, Middle East, is im15ei1bi df **ä Ti: poor people' Inc. ill Iran, where lised not only nccumulation and consumption, but stul pedulus buill forces which 1:15 trails filled the irıt bI1e cof Le E mÖst ITodern in
The seething Iranill Illasses a social iiijlstices disparities, was u 11 der L Leavy 1 ression içTıposed ! that til TCLidical SecTt recurse to wid and anco Tyrinc) Lus the Ills ist Ullč S clay's World-t with Chile's DIN however, breeds is impossible to popular disc) IntČIT
 

Peacock Throne
እኽùW፡
o test is hy We Wer, ... but als) socioltural. Unlike in Algerial the enorof the conservaTries Illas 1.0 L becn a Liu Ilially pl:1 | 1 ned benefit of the this wealth has rated in the hands uling class whose scells obscene with the poverty N where in the his ironic phenoh country with Te evident than he oil wealth is for capitalist luxurious overalso for a truly Ip of the armed almost overnight Iranian military lest equipped and the world.
anger of the t these flagrant and ecolonic kept submerged blankct of repby SAVAK, the it police, whose c spread tort urc killing made it Lich institutio 1 in ogether of course A. Repression, resis til Inc::, and it eep the lid on it forever, When
the Iranian Workers, students and peasants surged out into the streets, the very targets they singled out for attack and destruction hawe revealed the face of whom they themselves perceive as their eneInies. In Isfahan, for instance, which is a major industrial centre with a population of almost one million, the Tioters set fire lo
nightclubs and restuara 1 ts frcquented by foreigners and the local bourgeoisie. This has been the casc also in Teh Tan and
Tabriz, where demonstrators have
Wrecked many banks, luxury hotels, department stores, pornographic bookshops and signi
ficantly enough, Colonel Sanders Kentucky Fried Chicken Stalls.
The Tage of the Iranian people is directed not only against the native ruling class but also its powerful foreign patron, the United States. There is a massive U.S. prescnce in Iran, since the Imilitary advisers and technicians who train the Shah's armed forces are almost exclusively American. U.S. personnel are present also as business executives and technologists involved in "civilian' industrial projects. In Isfahan alone, for example, there are over 12.000 Americans, and the garish trappings of their alicin li festyle has furth Cr in censed the impoverished Iranian masses, while rousing their nationalist sentiments.
Since Marxism is not yet the
dominant ideology within the Irania T1 (opposition, Teligion has
turi hed out to be not merely the sigh, but also the battle cry of the opp Tessed people of that country. As in most countries of the 3rd world, the indigenous religion has provided an ideology for essentially political and social struggles directed against domination by imperialism in conjunction with westernized local elites. While Buddhism once played this role in
5

Page 8
BLITIna, South Vietnam and eyel Sri Lanka, Islam or rather, a radicalized vision of it, has often functioned as a Tilitant nationalistic and populistic anti-Western ideology in the Moslenı World, thılıs co Iı firrhıing Lenin's stateIllen L that "political protests in religious guise are an ine vitable feature at a certain stage of a nation's struggle."
Apart from the Moslem Opposi" tion, the forces arrayed against the Shill include thic liberal II äitionalist sections belonging to the National Froilt of the late Mohammed Mosisadegh, the former President who was overthrown by the CIA engineered coup which brought the Shah to power in the after math of the nationalization of oil companies in Iran. The Marxist Left comprises the dynamic pro-Moscow CommuInis L Party (known as the Tulch Party) which is headed by such leading in tellectuals as Dr. Hamid Safari, als well as seve Tal Mäolist groups which have broke Il. With Clini's foreign policy and are currently la Lunching to wards Tiran Ila. It is these later groups, together with young dissidents from the other parties who have engaged in several successful urbill guerrilla actions against U. S. Illilitary and intelligence personic in recent years. Moving from the political to the societill plane, the Ilain social forCes currently confronting thic regime include the newly created industrial proleta Tiat who han ve only recently b:en Tıprooted from their peasını milieu, the students, writers, intelloclul als, llawyers, jo' LI TInalists and other professionals, and even me
Nicaragua
Intense political
he spectacular success scored
recently by guerrillas of the Sarıdivistal National Liberto Il Fru TIL (FSLN) dramatically illuminated the intense political struggle now u Tı der way in Nicaragua. Thic recent wave of agitalion attacks against the Soloza regime began over six In on ths ago, with the murder of Pedro Jcbal qui in Chaimmoro, the editor of a prominent opposition newspaper.'"La Prensa". The popular assumption was that the shooting
Ճ
diuri scale Interch: bute 20% of their p
The çu Irellt tLITI
vitally important cations, to). As its post-Wiellam the limitations o role, the U. S. functions of Tinti and security" il gi La in regional pc Latin America, Zaire in Black Af South East Asia these regional Sub White il Lil WW: function is fulfille bilğı ald Talı, Clı of wealth, popull phic position, the are then built up U. S, and als signe tecting the Wester a tits geosi rategica points'. Iran has by helping throttl popular struggle Gulf state wages guer till:15.
Therefore wha ganda machine of Ilore gullible sect te TIn press Ilay si Iläkcrs il the L.J. : politan capitals : 1 t|1lt beleitli a hac the violent stTLIgg masses are being inst the ha Tslıly ploitative social, tical sys[erT1 r11:hi Tl, ruling class toget backcts - the America.
struggle
of Sen (1 Chamn of supporters of and the killing
demori strāltir II's r cessful 14-day G
The TUIts (I sent political ciri the conten PorHT country. The do this history Illas influence Lif the U.S. militirily il this country, Will

ants who contrirofits to the poor,
moil in Iran has Tegional impliԱԼ 115cզLience f Tcas5c85ment of f its own global has delegated the ntaining stability Weil El Te:15, Lo CiriWers, Brazil in South Africa and rica, Indonesial in play the role of imperialist powers st Asian area this d by Israel, Araosen by yardsticks ation 2: Il d geograse regional powers militarily by the il the task of pro1 World's economy ly critical "choke | flfilled this Tole e temporarily the in Ollan all the i by the Dhofari
tever the propathe Shah and the ions of the Wesly, the top policy S. Arld other II et T“e filli (jo well aware awy religious guise, les of the Iranian really wage til agaoppresive and exEcono Illic and politained by the local her with its foreign Jilitical Statics of
OW OF
TTo was the Work President Somoza, Liggered off mass icting and a s Liceneral strike, f Nicaragua's presis lie however in y history of that Illin: It factor in been the strong Lited States. The hterwered twice in el civil WaT e Il
dangered the Tule of 'friendly' regimes. The U. S. Marines were in Nicaragua almost continuously from 1912 tıp to 1953, and it Weis they who iristal lcd Generall A IllasLasio Soloza, father of the present President, in power. The U.S. has supported thic Somoza family ever since, in these past 40 years 器 their domination over national life.
The nationalist challenge to U.S. in te weiti. Il in the first half of thic 201h century was led by the famed Nicaraguan General Cesar Augusto Saidino, who ranks together with Silio Bolivar a Ild Jose Marri il the pail theon of Latin America's patriotic heroes. It was only Ila Lural thcrefore that the guerrilla group which emerged to challenge the Somno za dynasty in 1963, should name its clf after General Sandino. Though the Cuban-backed "SandiInista.5" have engilged im LIInin 1 CTrupted armed action throughout the '60's and '70's, it is in the past year that they have scored major successes, launching well publicized g|Lucrrill El at tacks in different parts Ըf the country,
The most significant developments however, hawe (ccTed on the political rather than purely military scelle. With all seriolls criticism outlawed by the regime, lost sectors of Nicaragua. In society hawe begun to locok upon the FSLN as the only effective force capable of dislodging the Somozas. This outlook has resulted in the formation of what Peter Strafford of the "Li Tires' calls “an extremely wide informal al liance against the President.' This alliance led by the trade unions. student groups and political parties, also includes sections of the Ronal Catholic Church and shall businessmen. Alan Riding of the New York Tiles' reports that "the political opposition has joined forces in a Frentin Amplio (Broad Front) and begun working closely with the guerrillas." The formation of this broad anti-government frnt has been facilitated by a flexible line on tactical alliances being pursued by the basically Marxist FSLN.
(Солтiлшrd он дrage rg)

Page 9
London letter
M|latasha
Fighting the ra
L is just afternoon on a warm
Sunday and a group of Bengali youth are sitting talking to some anti-racists in the Nazrul Cafe, Brick Lanc, in the East Eld of London. They are discussing the perennial problem of the Naticial Front's preselle in Brick Lane where they sell papers every Sunlly mor'Iling. Someone Comes in and brings the news that another Bengali has been murdered, this time in Hackncy. There is incredu lity, fright ened disbelief on the brown faces: it is only eight weeks since thic mu T der of Altab Ali.
Two days later, in Hackney, tillere is a III etting of Te presentatives from 28 black and allti-racist organisations. The męęting umanimOlsly calls for a day of strike action against racis.In a day of solidarity with black people. It overWelmingly Supports the meed for black self-defence and street patIols in the face of police inaction. Froin this angry meeting the HackI 1 Ey and Tower Ha Illes Defence Committee is born,
Nineteen days later, hundreds of Bengalis sit down in that part of Brick Lane where the National Froil sell their racist papers, and occupy the area peacefully. No Natio Ilal Front li Llerature is Sold that Sunday (July 16).
By 1 a.m. on Monday, July 17 lhere are no shops open in Brick Lane Lind the surrou Inding arca, But holls: inds of Bengalis are crushed in to the Na z Cirnerala, Brick Lane, and thousands II ore jostle to e Inter. There is a inger and det crimination on thc Bengali faces. Thousands of police, looking tense and hostile, CoTdCon tlhe a Tca, waiting ..... The day of action, the strike againstracismı in British history, has begun,
Thic Bengalis ; immigrants to Bri tions à Lld Culture Muslim. Of all groups, they are p cxploitcd of the bl; Working in non-l sh ( ) libi Çır), :Lld with historically ol lunemployme"ıt an lems. They liwe un wor Ty of rele Willig lhe constant threat and the deprivatic from wives, paren They are the peopl the brunt of the Tä cis II1 | holh a t lęY Ľl), im äl areal active Nation:ll Fr police force. That Eble Lo take iInto t Lho (Tganisation F such political prote
That they shoul problems of their ory -- do all this, do it independ cntl left', signifies a p ar riwal,
What the Bern has a chieved in p ganisational tcITInsi another level, the Inity has brought Tec Liliarly Asia. Il t test and Tesistance of sit-down occu tegy Lha. Li la tigos bo; nial struggles in thei They h; we added to of black resistanc als far back als through to Notti ds, Imperial Typew Wicks. It is part of lhas brought to th class struggle a pol that it has sadly la racist one.

SIwanan dan
cists
are the Ile West itain; their tradiare I ural and the immigrant robably the lost ilÇk *u Elde Tçla55' nionised, SWeatliving in 111 are:
of the Worst 1 housing probder the cilistalt work permits, of deportation, in cor separation ts br clıildIʻe[1, e Who. El Te facilg receit, reliewed state and local witll {l strøng, Cİıt and a racist they should be heir WIll hands ind eXecution of :s t is as tou Inding.
d-with all the particular histand be seen to of the "white olitical point of
g Elli community ractic: ; Il O'- [[O) .115טlוןrם וEI 8 Bengali coilluto the strugglica Tadition of PTO!, (note the use pa tio II 15 — EL strack to arti-coloir own coil I nt ries.)
· that long story e that stretches
slavery, right g Hill, Curta Lillriters and GruTthe struggle that he white working litical di : IsiCrı Icked — the Inti
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Page 10
Development
Redefining
by Godfrey Gunatilleke
{JPl Foor''P'', 'Hol For l'Isrif Erre )
he examining the social and
economic Clı El Inges that are taking place in the Third World We in variably look for the package of national policies and actions which we Ella we colle to describe 5 ** the strategies of development'. The ter II) " "stra tcgy of development" itself however is not easy to define. It comes Lup against the inherent imperfection of all language when it attempts to capture and give a fix cd precise meaning to a part of the living ever changing reality,
Un til recently we hawe conceived of development in essentially economic ter Illus. Ewen with in these limits, development Was largely perceived as the growth of productive capacity and output, the increa se in the national volume of goods and services. At the end of the sixties we were already asking a great deal more from development than a ra. pid increase in the aggregate output. Increase in output had to be combined with other improvements. In this phase the emphasis was on the unified approach to development. Development had to manifest itself in social advancements which improwd the standards of health and nutrition, gave people a longer span of life and raised the levels of education and knowledge. The strategy of development had to be such that the pattern of growth itself would inevitably produce these positive social outputs.
In the mid seventies we began to further redefine the priorities of developinct. Development had to sliirt by combating poverty and satisfying basic needs, it had to libera te developing countries from a Syster which reinforced and perpetuated their dependence on developed countries, and it had to promote selfreliance. Development meant not merely the changes in the structure of the economy, the size and com
S
deve
position of its industrial cupacit ges in tlie str. changcs in th Wealth, income
However, at
i Il portant to Inca discussion, the Ili el L End Lhee II lerived from il
dominant centre File:Il [**. WWhı:ı cı tially the modal the material wel tribution of that the extent to whi grew frol and i str Collig båse of
Weil Wilhill :l L. wIik i Ill whicli de from a centre of til H L I Lil Wes; sic lewel of mill terial have now a mo of goals: we re pattern of grow that it must pro t Lu Te8 vyhlich arc e Ciconomic growt bala IIce wtth eq
Il te inte:Tlati Strategy for the se leca de in toe 19 a cronyms of UN for DD2), the muniy agrerd o ed il tre of d the multiplc gag, pursued. But the the specifics cal -the social, pi processes that in aclieve these go; And struct tres th in Illace were in at i 1 til C. Tronol ent strategies wi phases emerged of UN a gelicics— es, integrated ru

opment goals
product, or more Y. IL 11 can chanicture of society distribution of and power.
this point it is te that in all this :collu Inic co Impolaterial well-being Tertained still Llıc 2 of 'developanged was essenities for a clieving |l being, the diswell-being, and ch that Well-being s sustained on a self-reliance. But Dnceptual frameelopment radiates economic changes iety to a higher
well-being, We Te diversified set cognise that the th must be such iduce social struc:quitable, and that 1 should be in uity.
onal development cond development 70s (in tline ghastly jargon, the IDS internationel comIn the Illiltifacelevelopment and is that had to be ir implications for the Star egy itself litical, economic List be pu Tsued to als, the systems At Illust be put ly broadly hinted Flicċiments -Differth different emfrom the family -unified appToachI rall development
basic needs satisfaction, povertyoriented strategies and so om.
The development thinking around these issues ofen Teached the conclusion Llat the Te Wcre wa Tiilis development styles differentiated by the specific historical and cultural situations in societies. There has hUWewer been no systematic inquiry to deepen our understanding of internal structures and the rationale for these diferent development styles. Policies adopted by different international institutions often ran counter to the developIl crit goals the ill ternational cornmunity had set.
For instance, while the IBRD valiantly sought to develop a "new style' of lending to align itself with some of the goals, the IMF continued to proffer the same unifor In set of prescriptions for sound econonic management, frequently With grave consequences not only for tilne social and political processes, but for economic growth itself.
A cluster of development goals each of which has an autonomous importance for the future society which one seek 5 to shape, has major implications for the Way in which a development Srategy has to be assembled, and for the social mechanisms, thc economic policy instruments und political methods Lihat have to be designed to promote each goal.
If we look back at Sri Lanka's policies, we could conclude that consciously or as a result of adhoc responses to a combination of social forces, the policy makers initiated changes which diffused economic power and led to a sharing of in comes in a contcxt of poverty. We would see that this outcome
Cored II prge ? )

Page 11
Democracy
Disappearing democrac
he Chican tragedy inevitably
leads one to raise a general question: where have all the democracies gone ? A cursor y glance at the history books will help. The last decade sa w sucl, a host of disappearing democracies that running an eye along the Soutlicrin hemisphere of the globe (which contains the so-called Third World countries) the functioning demo cracies on the Western model that one could spot arc pitifully seW in leed.
W recent study by tle w eli krown Sowiet acada mician G. l. Nirsky entitled "The Third Porld. Society, Power, Army" sketches truly disturbing political panorama. According to him, there have been over 40 successful Illilitary coups of an extreme-rightist character staged in more than 30 Asian, African and Latin Americam countries in only the last 15 years. In LH til America (which alone has seen 40 successful such coups since 1930) there are just 3 countries which hawe a form of Elect cd goverlinment - Wenezuela, the tiny Costa Rica and Columbia, Which emerge only recently after almost a qua rter century of dicta toTship All the other countries — Brazil, Clı ile Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentima, Bolliwia, Nic:ır: gula, Equad CPT, P: na T113, In di Perul — have milia Ty dictatorships, all of which, excluding Peru lld Panaml are Jf a il extreme rightist cha Tacter. (One Imotes that since Mi sky’s study WAS PLL blished Peru too has changed its political hue and now confirms the contiIn ential pattern.)
The situation is much the 5:1 mẹ in South East Asia except for the 3 socialist Statics of IIndo China,
She Weste Till c: to tem Malays Phillippines as 'c cies' by virtue
gument of the But given the fa. rigging at thes 1) I'R EL CLIT: [E:
Countries as me
A recet är ti Lhe armel forc politics of tht coultries featuri Monthly' points 21 States comp 1 here is mone v and IntelliğCI: not participante political process Algeri: a Il Sol sail tieħ lil we : populist orien la are pro-Americ characterized by mic disparities. mein, Suda 11, Turkey, Tunisi: dors, KLIWEËL, Iran and Saudi latter category Imerely the exis political institu sle democracy but It must
1: Ogfelse. Es ence is para me trys political political syster on the racist id
(Of the cu II Asiin Tegin, Zia U] H::i q iL1 STYichotiller des pic Bilgi:de:5h ha' guishid the il ing filmne of Indial lindi Sri

Chiritaka
ties in the Third world
IIIll IS prefer ia, Singapore and Utrilled de I11 CCia - of th: LC1. Li (lus Ercc:1 till:Il clection. if I assive Wice elections, it is to Tegard these : T-police states.
cie on the role of es in the mational Middle Eastern ed im Afile Es
out that out of the rising the region Where the Defense establishments have d greatly in the ... while Libya, Iraq, ith Yellen could be regime of les ist or Lion, all the others an in outlook and stark socio-cco.10Egypt, North YeJordan, Milto CCCI), , Lhe Gilf Sie kSyria and abt.we ställ Arabia fall in 10 the If stillard is it cle of Western tilis, Israel is the in H1: Middle Eas L bcar in mind hat stablishment's influIt is that collactivity, while its itself is founded eology of Zionis T1.
Ties (if the Sull the slightly comicPakista yn and thc it Zia Uli Rılımı II. ii vc scessfully extinways weakly Tickerdc.In ucrat , Thus :lk:A. Tc1 til Lİhe
only two states in the arca which could be considered democratic.
In black Africa, the picture is Els bleak as that of Latin America. Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Congo, Ethiopia, and Tanzania are radical im political pers LIasion and egalita Till ill their socioeconomic order. The others are rigli ti5 t dict:1t Lships Iuled, or raLher reigned, by Wealthy family c: bols of Wici Mobu! L Sese Seko and EmpeTer Bokassau a TE: merely Lhe Illust gr)lt 54lle represen lativcs.
Tle former British Colo Illes of the Caribbean such as Jamaic: seem to be thus the last Tefuge of functioning "pluralist democracits in the 3rd world, together with tle earlier IIientioned landful of South Asian and Latin American countries.
Analysts from both ends of the political spect Tum, ha Y'C, in a TaT e display of accord, agreed that this trend is a central phenomenon in today's World. Berkley's Professor Robert F. Scala pino has Ino ed in a recent es say on postWietnan U. S. foreign policy, that the increasing fragility of dcrinocratic institutions in the Third World has been a dominant feature of the 1960's and 70's. Robin Blackburn, the Welkia WIl British Marxist in tellectual speaks of " "the ima bility to Imalintain El Social democratic weifare state in a Incocol CTi colltext. ""But what El e the internal and external procCSSCS which cd to these debacles ". study of the patter of events would prove invaluable in analysing the prospects for democracy in our own region and particulti1y in tյսr Loull try.

Page 12
The most striki Ing single exterrial factor which runs like a black thread through all these cases of "disappearing democracics is that of cover or overt U.S. involveIl lent, II (GLlet e El al dc II ÜCra. LCally elected left-wing gove TI I II. ent by a CIA directed coup d'etait – an incide. Which led, by the Way, to the radicaliza titor of the y co Lling Guevara. The Dominican Republic was of course the scene of naked armed inci wention by the U.S. Uruguay and Chile were the last sur Wiwilig democracies in Latin America surrounded by an Elssorted collection of fascist dictatrslı ips a I1qi barnarna rep Lublics, before Uruguay too bicame the wictim of a U. S-engineered military takeover. The barbaric events ill Chile ald U.S. in Wolven lent tille Te ure too vivid and på insul to require rec:1pitulation.
GLuctic maila in 1954, Bazil *54, Dominican Republic in 1965, Uruguay and Chile in 1973, Argentina in 1976, together with so many others before and since, not to In ention those along the wayIno L a had Tecordi for LEL, Ind of Liborty, “Human Rights” ili ol Wilhs Landing! The jubilant comment of Richard Nixon, then U. S. Wice President after the Brazilian golpe (coup) in 1964 illustrates the true attitude of U.S. policy-makers towards military Tulc in Latin Arnerica. "As Brazil goes, so too does Lhe rest of Latim Amcrica" said a gleeful Nixon. He wasn't far Wrting.
BLIt can all these tragedies be solely attributed to the fact of U.S. in terwention? True enough, Ilot a single right ist dictatorship anywhere in the Third World today has come to power cor contin Lues to maintain itself in power without the Licit iecnonic, military, End political support of the United States. Tılığı il:Id, SSL hı Korea aid Indonesia arc bull thrce Asi: Examples, to supplement the Latin American ocs. Yet to focus exclusively on the foreign devil, however fiendish, is misleading - though it may be a tempting substitute for genuine analysis.
Next The III al Fictor
1.
Chile
Whe
by Fernando
W Fሷቇሆ ሰFዛሰ† ዛù ̇
L the risk of A the proble about a revoluti | Illel. Els is t.) i tio. Els all instit Allende gawe hi cess of building city for the C ht: 1Woid Cd t|1: |e ilçe: Which Col a mass sacrific lhesitate to die faceless enelly.
of tragic Colt Til al individual 5. in a situatio I massive shova'da
When I left spring after noon full of people : ca de at the Cid airport, I was W. world Wuld be lessons f Chile saying a mything that wasn't said Ciri | W. A.]] say: "We told y have a right to less, even accep cismi, I canı" il hı the tragedy of to be unique.
We ԷյԷlit w:tl have Cruelly cles We Want to go them. Perhaps t vete is worthy eventually redec iri ol u T ceIn llll rytitutions. It's p the military just its power and this faith of o Lil le: 115 t{} Tebel a tull T L C I 15 til u tions ånd husmå that le 11:11 d is shal | protest al ni

n
Alegria
"FFF)
simplifying things, 11 is that to bring ol by eo Institutionconceivic of revoluItill in progress. is life in the pro: a Flore just sohilean people, but posibility of violld hawe provoked Allelde di di L standing up to a The Te WELS 8 kild dicti II il i L l l : crifice was in ide which illc for :
I.
Chile on a bright , vit lie sti ciets Lind military barrige of Punda huel for dering what the säying ab Lut the !. Would they be new? Anything after the Spanish our friends can 'ou so.'" And they say it. Neverthing all the critielp but think that Chile continules
in Tyls which it royed us and yet on believing in his touching naiof respect, and can T. 115. We believel 3ld democratic ins35 ibil: thil L. Whel I beging te enjriy o feel confortable Ts will led Lis (ChiInı d lemi indi il retionality, t) :lecIl rights, and if not heeded we di Fight.
Special sciction
left Chile
Politically speaking, we believe that we arc one of thc I Thost ImaLLu Te Thillions il Latin America, with a clear and fir II conscico Lisiness of the value of cili i Tacle LInion organisations, and so when Lhe junta ou llal wis the CUT tlıcy mily well find themselves sitting right on top of li sit- do Wn i rike,
People who boast of their lack of "political experience,' as do Llle member of the junta, imagine th:ll political problems will always be solved at gunpoint and in prisoils. This is the Brazilian rodel; b Lit Chil: can Ilot be convertel economically into a little Brazil, and neither Will the Chileans, whatever their politics, ever accept permanent regimentation by the military. And while the Chilean Illilitary confess to their lack of political cxperience, it is too bad Lihat they Llšie it is an excuse foT their barbaric behaviour,
There is something absurd in the suggestion, but the truth is that what is going on in Chile right now is a kind of Illacabre happening, a dance of death with real dancers, a bloody denystification, outward violence bringing in its wake an even more tertible and Secret inner destruction.
It is as if Chile has brutally come of age, as if this Te volt, by false or mistaken patriots, by harders; specula toTs and black market eers, by efficielt mit na gcTs of a sinister and pathetic Iumpen; this revolt, latchiug Goya's saddest masks, will go down in histry a 5 qılır mı biri eııt of [[TLI th, the moment in which Chilean myths were shattered for ever, the lonent in which we must love forward and sit Tiggle, si ve Course wes cor die,
Will We stad alone"

Page 13
ಫ್ಲೆ:
Misirajo lorders s7er. Četar Meridaza, flirt, ن f
Andre Gunder Frank :
The future of r
he problem of Chile, or of
{-} Llith ef Chile:5, is, Llant [htt of a Tespouse of imperialism and reactionäries to à l'est Willig th Telt, but rather that We are facing a gencial crisis of capital accumulation simiIt to that which occurred ill the 1870-80's or the 1930's and which scells to be leading Is IL to New Dčalls and PopLLT FI TLs, but Til the to 1984 in the developed countries: tu sub-imperialism in certain selecLed under-lewel pel countries, and to fascis Incorporativism in collintries like Chile, The whole Chilean experience is part of the response to the Tiecessities of the acculinulation crisis. I disagree with Mr. Garces' analysis on Several points:
Chic did not threaten capitalisn–it tli Teatened cer Lain solutions capitalism needs to solve the accumulation crisis (of present depression of Wage rates in Chilc).
O UP did not represent a structural tra Eısformatior that would hawe per [Imitted a transition to socialism, No Such attempt Was Imade, and Allende always hirium Self underlined tha L it w15 not i 1ransitioT1 to socialisi. Moreover the UP did not apply its programme in this regard: for instal cc it disillanted the UP Cornu Imittees (CUP) a ind the IlmajoT parties in power prevented the organnisation of du:ll cor parallel power.
TEli LP Ieyer re; tlı e s t He, :: Inal new, alternative to ca. which I light, son la We led L. Le capitalist sit: tc.
II a word, for Ilı islı, Eınd it failed.
E *,'en tlho LIgh t T: at "" working clas nCit the 51rt atter Fronts, it still led sults, ils it will da. because it is to confroit the gli perialism and ( which intends to developed count lism in countrie: 1 TA1, ard Chilear while Te, il corder to of profits which 1967.
One consequcil la tion crisis is 1 li sub-i Til perialis III i ral te tillic : il criat labor. A few s a!e allowed to go hierarchy, bli L tlı they will furnish Iı1{,) "Wc:1ı 1 £:I1 [s. ()I1
 

LLLLLaS LLCGELGG EEL CLGGG S LSL LLL LLLkLLL HLLSHL LCLLLLLS
"evisionism
lly got control of "er tried to build all introl of the state etime in the future, des LFLActiOIl Of Lille
UP Tepress Inted reis reform is in that
is was an alterpt s reformism" and mpted by Popular
te disstr cytis reI (cxe Whore if tried, tally in ude quill:3 te to bal project ofirnof local capitalism implaint 1984" in ries, sub-imperias like Brazil at
type regimes elsejack up the rate ha s de clined sice
ce of the accuThue s t TengtlıcT ing of order to acceleicial division of ciccted cconomics
up a Tung in the is dones not Tinea I a base for popular the contrary, they
a Te destined to increas the importal nice of military corporatism or Theo - fa sicism, and to instrumentalisc the super-exploitation of capital to c_1 front i lle accurilu llico crisis.
In countries like Chile, that callmot Tealistically aspire to sub-imperialist position and status, the degree of repression will be necessarily greater. In the sub-ill perialist states, class alliances will be somewhat broader, but will still leave no room for popular move|Il cits. Superrepression to make way for superexploitation will not, I think lead to 5 Liccessful resist: Ince (of Spain älld PoIT tugal).
I do) In Othelie we eit het that we are witnessing a forced retreat of impcrialis Ilı bil It T: ther a cast counteroffensive destinct in the short run to le successful. But this countcroffensive will sharpen the contradictions in the First, Second and Third World, and these contradictions call be used il Tc wol Luis) la Ty policy (for example in the slall Wars between linder developed countries like India and Pakistam wlich i Te almost cert Eli to occur as a result of the sharpening of contradictions).

Page 14
Ralph Miliband: Arming the workers
ll the problems we are discus
sing-reform versus revolution, insurrectional way wersus peaceful road-aire about. El hundred years old. In addition, the class struggle including that in capitalist developed countries, is ruthless in all areas -political, economic and cultural. This struggle must become sharper and reach the state of all-out war when a government shows signs of Wanting to make transformations which will lead to another kind of society. So the problem remainswhat do we do."
I must confess to being astonished by the statcment that the Chilean Workers' possession or nonpossession of X number of arms Would not have changed the results, or that "what cver Way you replay the scenario, the answer colles out the same'. I say that the variables in the scenario Would have changed. We don't perhaps know how to carry out a revolution, but we certainly know a lot about how Ot to. Chile had a single trump card in its hand, which was popular power, the only one capablę of building counter-power to existing institutions. What we have learned here is that the State did not have the support of the army, nor of the middle classes, nor of the press, etc; etc. But it did have the people, and nothing else. Popular power can lead to insurrection, but it can also avoid civil War.
When We exa Tile the Chilean case, we see efforts to Inobilise in some arens, but also dei mobilisation in favour of orientation and control by the Parties. In advanced capitalist European countries, those of us who il re mot "“controlled "" or *“ oriented' ('encadre") by such parties have a duty to draw the lessons of Chile and to Warn the others that National Stadiums exist in other countries too. We must encourage development of concepts of popular cont Tol and popular initiatives.
12
Im Wesler 11 Eu. Inly would be a II darity if a coll I cxample, began E formation. But Loco much on help coll tries.
If the left c. negatively, to say is not yet ready f it will con il 1ue lo that 500,000 ma not have Ina de ar we do nothing to and are beaten be
Johan Galtun
The A role
ile Tirst alınd b.
ntiyer be dece tary with a humar ber from severa Chile the shared ( military are diff Chilea left to (ou T Inilitary respek they arc strictly chance of military Chilean politics lo WCT : 5 evidence tively speaking) Chilcam military ir as the political p Unidad Popular came very clear came out to the ri almost un parallele brutality was no di to the class wal in tic-elite circula to the lack of trai tradition on the si Illilitary with such
I am emphasi cause the Chilea not to dissimilar Lilitary We haw rope, for instance try, in Norway. profession, yet
iles ik like scouts; nice and g inclined to play role in politics. in spite of all that Lhe democratic

"ope, there сегtai1ovement () s soliIl II y like Italy, for in effort of transWe sli Lildin't colt from the socialist
intinues to think that the country or socialis, the
faiil If we think Ethint guills would |y difference, tlen distribute them, fore we start.
g:
my's
asic les son is that: ived by the miliI filce, I rememyears living in Chilea in myth: 3 ur er: FOI the he Chilean right: : the constitution, professional, the interven Lion into is considerably I by the (comparaow frequency of ilter WCII ntigo, LB Liut rocess led by the developed it behow the military ght, and with an d bru tality. This Olbt in part due (as opposed to icon), in part duc iıirlıg Eını d lack of le of the Chilean
Coperations,
ing this point beI Illilitary looked from the type of in morthern Euin my own counIt is a serious e Illilitary somegrown-up boyIn Ille, at no time an international And nevertheless, and in spite of Ta di Lion of our
country the important NATO exer. cises "Good Heart' (January-February 1971) 'Strong Express' (September 1972) and "Fir In Stand'' (March 1973) le: we no doubt that NATO LE Links in terms of internal enemies. Thus, the NATO Council in its meeting in Rome in 1965 concluded that II i Luch more attention should now be given to the internal enemies, particularly as the external deten le changed the objective situation.
Intense . . . ( Corri Ifred froy page si )
According to Alan Riding, opposition leaders allege that the U.S. continues to back Gen. Sonlaizal, despile Carter's Hu I Ilia In Rights campaign. Whatever the stresses in their relationship, the U.S. has constantly seen the cuuntry as “a staunch bastion against communism," and it was from Nicaragua that the Cuban exiles set sa il for the U.S. sponsored Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961. U. S. support for the Somoza regime goes on una bated and Washington very recently appro ved a S 12 million loan to Nicaragua, The U. S. is also on the verge of signing (on September 30th) a S 2.5 million credit for nilitary aid. Alfonso Robello Callejas, leader of the Nicaraguan Democratic Movement, which is a small party of liberal businessmen, feels that Washington is chary of breaking completely with Somoza. Somoza himself agrecs and said recently: 'The U.S. has not lost interest in its ultimate geopolitical mission and it has not lost interest in the way Nicaragua is քning, ""
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Page 15
Two songs
CHILE STADIUIM
There dre five thousand of Luis here in this little part of the city. We are five thousand
| Wonder how many we are in all in the cities and in the whole country? Here done are ten thousand hands which plant seeds and rima ke the factores run.
How much humanity exposed to hunger, Cold, panse, pasn mora pressures, terror and Insanity? Six of us were lost ds If into starгү space.
One dead, another beaten as I could never
hawe belewed a human being could be beaten.
The other four wanted to end their terror
one jumping into nothingress,
another beating his head against a wall,
but a with the fixed lock of death.
What horror the face of fascism creates
They carry out their plans with
knife-like precision.
Nothing matters to them. For thern blood equals medals, slaughter İs an act of heroïsm Oh God, is this the world that you created? For this, your seven days of wonder and work? Within these four walls only a number exists which does not progress.
Which slowly will wish more and more for death. But suddenly my conscience awakes and I see this tide with no heartbeat, only the pulse of machines and the military showing their midwives faces ful of sweetness.
Let Mexico, Cuba and the world cry out against this a trocity We arte ten thousand hards which can produce nothing.
How many of Us. În the whole country? The blood of our companero Presidente will strike with more strength than bombs
and machine guns! Sa will our fist strike again
CHILE STADIUM (12-15 September 1973): This poem is composed by Wictor in those days he spent = Ti som er in the Stadiu Ti before being finally shot. It was learnt by heart by several of his fellow prisoners and written down by one of them who was released from the Stadium. It was later smuggled out of Chile and Wictor's last message has travelled over the whole world on the wings of the ever growing movement of international solidarity. (Read by Artirii II. Mirriel.)

Wictor Jara
How hard It is to sing When I must sing of horror. Horror Which I am li wing Horror which I am dying. To see myself among so much and so many moments of Infinity fr, which si sence and screarTi are the end of my song. What I see | hawe newer seen What | hawe felt and what I feel will give birth to the manent.........
MANIFESTO
don't s sing for lo ve of sing Ing or to show off my voice but for the statements made by my honest guitar for its heurt ||s of the earth and like the dove it goes flying ter deriy as holy Water ble 55 | rng the bra ye and the dying 50 my song has found a purpose as Wioletta Parra would say Yes, Iny guitar is a worker shining and smelling of spring rty guitar is not for killers greedy for money dnd power but for the people who abour so that the future may flower For a song takes on o meaning When its own heartbeat is strong
Urg by a man who will die ringing truthfully singing his song. I don't sing for adular tior Cor ISO that strangers may weep
sing for a far strip of country narrow but endlessly deep.
MANIFESTO (1973): This beautiful song could be regarded as Wictor's testament. He was in a hurry to fin Ish it; to 5 LI m Lup what his sangs and his life had meant. It is typical of him that although its title sounds like a political pamphlet the song is Lender and hu Than as hic hITI self was. His whole. Ilife and his courage in facing brutality and death provic that his corrmit IT ent was a real one and not one of empty words.

Page 16
Chile's “Chicago S.
by A Special Correspondent
he economic policies of the
Chilean junta, after the overthrow of Allende, live been largely, based on the University of Chicago's Depar ment of Economics, assisted of course by officials of the World Bank, the IMF and various other internatiohal insti Lilltions, whose global economic allbitions a c so Well-served by these
Heories.
Chilean economics students have been trained in the University of Chicago since the late fifties inder an agreement negotiated by Arnold Marberger with the Catholic University of Chile. Andre Gulder Frank was a graduate student working for his Plı.D. under the In at the same time. He recalls his period: "Suddenly Chile and its economy became a topic of daily conversation in the Department of Economics. I remember well how you and others of my wise and farsighted professor's reported on yığıllı" t Tip5 tC) Chile and told us of its absurd attempts to live beyond its underdeveloped means by maintaining much two big : public sector, Inlich too weightly a bureaucracy and much too overgrown a medical and social security system.”
Frank left the University of Chicago shortly thereafter disagreeing with their economic theories and precepts and devoted himself "to the study of the development of underdevelopment in Chile lind Latin America through their dependence on foreign, specially Alnetrican, capital and the complicity of the monopolising local bourgeoisie.'"
On the other hand his professors got the oppo Ttunity of putting their theories into practice after Hı gec de 5 t-a bilisatiq) 1:1 3:ı ild doweTLEl Tow of Allende; a Iliumber of their students were placed in important positions in the junta administ Tation, leading to the growth of what was called in Santiago the 'Chicago School.' Their avowed aim was thic "normalisation of the ChiIl cal II economy Which Lunder Allende
14
had gone fırther public secto de Węli lis :L tio in iu f fu reigi! increas el sociall W sociallist ideals E coTic Luilder inci From the World capital: they sout by Feestablishing Ina Tket Licinomy tor Lills" in trudu I. v ciltico II.
The Te Sllts ! In easures put into
di wice Silçe 1973 lysed by Fri:Llık ilT addressed to AI and Miltern Fried all the qLic Illili El Te takel). The et tion for the Test Imalcy" has been follows by Frank
"Begin by freein; to raise thicm Ge" levels' and parad ciga , purist i il cr: բly ctinctirliitalitl: Capitall märket :li: con Centra ting Ca 7 Ta t:3, al50 Cr:: instruents bi control and cycin the state, and W.
Teise5 helil of payızıl, t i ild tLilitigil. Bւյlli | generit: A TLIIl-El' Con5CqLICInçC and cffects arc to shi frio El lE E Lur li STaller [[] biggi: Il:11ill L frei Le si e I' ce33 still further, "fre loted by destry organisations of ting it5 bill TgiiIiiIi ii al | Imicams prever keep pace with private and publ word, drasticall wages by bring wages to "World tiril: he: Stalle di sectar cinterprisęs prices to Chilcar foreign big pit til Li tie :L Crash po 1 ÇLITIČr-reform II. tיזבייןrdין ulטווחrchd age the best orig irrigilio 1 hectro 2 million hectire:

chool' economics
on the path of LITrent, Til tillaenterprises and elf: Te based Oil Lid Wic] hild ea sing pressui e of interiliitional ght to do tlıis a free ind 7 pcn frce is the "is:ed by state inter
f the econo Illic practice on their
h:; wici bee11 a 1134 - two open letters I old Harberger 1ain fror 11 which s in this article :onomic prescripTatia II of “IT
Sullmarised as
E, Ellist all prices Flt1 ראיוו * סld IהTal hם", oxicilly for a Chi15ing the mony sup, Fostering a fric si yoyell, which breytill italirt cogliesis own final ill : And beyond th: the accounting of "hich at tlıç sarı: ilL of monetäTy mcáns their velocity of ciraf Lles: "srcEdit15" Way in filltir (11 yw hi, 332 & Irely alls ille del וIIIנtטילו t1חH טותםטחft i capital, and from ' capital, and from gll capital, Fortifying Ligbi tħe 3: IIC effect din ITILIS L ble proing C-piling the la, bitxi Lur Eiffel elinThrillapower, Emil through I ting Tony wilge:3 LiC) jflatigi ili both icc cumploymcnt. In a y tij reduct: Teil ing prices but lot "|Loyols. At th:5:l TITE: i:3E5 il self I sti: at bargain basement and particularly to al... Similarly to ins"igitat lite flagrarill Tsecting tills of the ies ELInd, 31 the Wer:-fill of their Eisit s a Titi Te ELITI ning sortime expropriated during
lle Allende: Tid Frei lilinistritica, to Lleir forter Owncr:5 Andor IL Ię w capitalist Wilers, while repressing and exploiting thic peasantry all ruTa l lıb, Lurces evenı, tor: bor"LItally th:ı III lhe urban population. Cut blik no only wages bit also employment in Ild expendi turcs i In the public sector And convert much of the illust advanced social security and public health systein of Latin America (11tside of Cuba) into a private play-il's you-go busin:55. II lhe externa sector, devalue repeated. , Tedu Eiris, aller ir restrictions, exterld civic Ily kind of favour cu forcig II capital, including payme II tiši to the Amic Tici. Il Capir Compathies in excCss of the wall of their forTer properties. "Relress the balance is pay rulents' by exports of foods necessary to meet the essential coilsuicil recds of the population wlı ile exporting the Imanufact LH re& :LIId even food products that the consuIı1gers' TEcdLIc2dl p1Ll Tchasi Eng pJ'W'CT T1 (ʼ) longer permits then to buy and the producers' sales no longer permit the o dispose of il 1he local III, l'- kçL EL II di reštTLIÇitu Tc TT oci LCtiCJill al lid the F1 redirect invest m:Int to per 11 it the still greater proriction of "I tri-L reditional exports of food, a W Iliaterials and Inanufactures at the cxpense
of Llic Chile: 1 Cionis LII 15:15...o"
Frank also analyses some of the consequences of the policies. The inflation that has resulted his caused a drastic reduction in the standards of living of the people, since it has not been compensilled for by any realistic increase in wages. "Summarising, calculating from the Julia's own price index the price level in Chile from SepLCIllber 1973 to D2 c. 1975 ils rise 1 92 Limes. The real consumer price lewe | Im LISL hay e rise it leist twice that Ilch. Indeed. Onc of the few items that is still subject to pricc control and which, therefore, there is still all official price is that which is the main consuption staple bread. And the official price of bread in Dec. 1975 was 250 new pesos per kilo, i.e. the bread price inflation has officially been 227 times: By comparison the official monthly "living Wage' has risen about 10 times . . . the minimum hourly wage has risen 25 tilles and the minimum not thly 5:llary af employee between about 40 and 60 times, depending on bonuses.'

Page 17
The cffect of increases gf this magnitude on the budget of the poor are disa si Tous:
*Some other budget estinlates are that 45 kilo:5 bırcal, 45 kilos III ilk and 102 Illunicipal bus fares cost 73% of his salary. N. Wonder that he ellsumption of milk, let alone of other *"luxLITics' like simple consumler goods and movic and foobal attenlances has dwindled and that in July 1975 bus Like Is Sill in SäIlli:g W':TC 12. million or 32% less than initial as workers and employees Eart increasingly obliged to Walk to work in order to earn "literally their daily bread."
Drastic reductions have also taken place in the social Welfare system tending to depress living
standards still furthc. The Allende
government's programme of a daily pint of milk for every child has been stopped. Medicine and health care hawe been fully integi alted into the Copen II lairkct El Ind the Illtional Health Service has been put om a self-fina I1cing basis: so la ve the bu rial grounds. Infants II cortality ra:cs are Ilo W said to hawe shot up to levels not known for Tillä Il y dech des.
The opening up of the market to free imports which has been an act of deliberate policy has had consequences for local industry. According lo figures issued by the administration, production in pelroleum refining, iro II and Steel, metals and machinary etc. - the a Teas of hig foreign - Telated capital are said to have risen s Lubistantially, whereas two sectors - goods of everyday consumption and various manufactured articles hawe shown negativc results. That is, the production and consumption of manufactured articles destitled for the mass and als in El pplia, Inces win for the middle-class) market has fillen off significantly." This his led to the closure of a large Eumber of illustries which had Le Catered L) loll dealis in Chile's protected cconomy,
HOTetor big capital, as personified by the President of Chilean nationali association of Imma I1 L1 li cturers approves of this process: "We industrialists are for the social market policy. We have been asking for a free economy for the past 50 years. And that is what this government is implementing, in decreasing first the freedom of
prices, which all then freed oil of is necessary. We il a s I ilall co Lim competition has ro: ll.'' Tillis at Lil explained as foll et III list: ""Tie: tive priccs and al tC L'1 de Cy LC) ) conditions in sor lustry and Lln få Others. Allg ha ve less inceli the high-cost im industries and in pro lected indus LT lattiċi slin ) LL lil go a Ilocation of thi as to obtain the of the capital a ces they are [0. issue is little by the inefficiellit li that have been model of develo il sidic LlllL WELS tection of activi country clearly
dwl Int: gęs.
Thit i5, til: mllst he 111legrll into the World ca the basis of the based on the la' advantages with I indige molls self-Ti cated to III eeting of the Chilcan
The implement: has as one of i dients the discipli force, The Chil: With a long - Sti: militar icy have new stooge unio
ablished – b) LI t their represent at ILO sessions in their accredition Li na Timous wote labour organis: tember 73, all st prohibited; leader kes hil We been 5 hi has been increas Ilo increase of being done in persectioning of t Where the cc) 5t I List be reducci relation to thc when an employ

if us applaud and Chilple Lion which LIII, d:rs Lähim til Lillä E try like Chile the L() cc) The from abiu de Was furthcr laws by another cll : Inge in relillLa riff policy hawe rei woke savo Li Table Lle branches of inwoulrable ones in Llhc}se thlat shı o Luld wes : Te Lhas: in բort - substituting քerleral tile tյweries: a 1 | of 1 hese on to a rapid recir imwcist Innernts slo maximum product Ild labւյլII TestiլIrlay. 'And' the F li t I llc tali eliminate Ties of production built up under a poment to wa tids tlie based on the proLies in which the lid 10L HläWe tle
Chilean economy ed fly and fast piti list system on World II like L 11d W of comparative it, I titlser1st about eliant growth dediLhe genuine Ileeds people.
ition of this policy is necessarying reining of the labour an labout unions, nding tradition of been prohibited; Is have been 's- so blatantly that i ves to the Finn lå Geneva have hild s refused by the
of thic world's tions. Since Seplikes have been
-s of wild-c: Li Siriot; the Wolk Week ed by 10% with wages. All this is 1o Course (3f **Elle |le laboli T 111:l rket"
of hiring labour, | substan, tially in cost of capital
Vee must be per
fectly free to hire and fire labour, When social security and "very high IThihi II1 LI II1 Wages dLIe to In1(» - nopolistic labour practices' that 1 en d 10 mil ke la bio] LA r ex pcnsiwe arc CJ IIlplclely eli Illi Ila Led.
These two facets of the prescint Chilean economy are displayed With great clarity in the following story: "An ermployer in a sin all textile mill reported that in my factory we haven't hild one important order in the last three In enth S. By the end of last month I hadn't any Ioney to pay Friday's wage:s, so I l sked for credit from El blink. I was told credit was suspended, but Lihat I could ask for advice from the Ministry of Ecolonic Affairs. So I did and I received a visit from a Colonel. I explained that I had no money to pay wages to which he replied: "Well Lell the 11 til sel the television sets their precious Allende gave the 11. And if that does not satisfy them, let me know - we will shoot a few and see how they
The Presideilt af Clı ile ässciations of manufacturers explains the aims of this process: "When the depoliticisation is completed, there will be an enterpreneur - union relationship that is free of all de logogery.' That is, Trce of all luna I qualitics
Then "normalisation' policics lave been put into effect, in the flce of the fagt that Indre than half the people of Chile supported Alcilde, only by the naked exer. cise of military force and political LerTor. Yct Chile is being hel! Lup as an example to thc Third World. Two further quotations will underline the full horror of this position.
Jair The Goz TT äl member of the |colı TTı issic': Tı dTafiting a new conı5titution for Chile says:
"I think that the libertarian systein of life in which wester democracy rests call inly preserve itself if it is ble Lt, breek with the false: ligimas that are bringing us to ruination. Among the 15 serious ones I would Fallow myse: if te cie: (a) the i rhyth. Cf FAT1 ab5 7.Li te liberty of expression... | b) the anachronic for Tulas that goveril labo Lir Teliticos. The practice cof coallective: bărgăining and the right te LLaLLLLL LLLLLLLLS L LLaLL aLLS LLLLSLLLLLLaLHH LL :LCJCL Till with the tilles; I CITT TIL
{ Cαττι η Iιεί ρη μακε , β)
5

Page 18
Neruda and th
by Reggie Siriwardena
And One morning everything blaΣει:
corte rrorizing borfīres ஒரrang or gf Earth
und de ya real flè li virg:
since fler, fire, since then, gunpowder,
carrel since fler, blood.
Those lines conc from a poem of Pablo Neruda about the military insurrection of Franco which over threw the Spanish Republic, an ewent which Neruda saw at first hand as Chilean Ambassador ill Madrid. The experience of the Spanish Civil WaT | changed Neruda's outlook, converted him to Coll mill nism, and transformed his poetry from the subjective aestheticism f his early years to the social and political commitment of his later Work. Neruda’s best poetry is not merely ideological: his identifical tion with the working-class goes with his respect for and in Linale feeling for human toil, for the beauty and creativity of labour, in such poems as To Washa Child or Ode or Ironing or, the lines in one
of the tenderest of his love son
ELS :
My girl, ya har 4'e kept your
heart of the poor,
your feet of the poor accustoned
Siles,
your mouth which did not always krio Hy sweefs or bread.
You are of the pour South, where my soul carre fron.
Wri Per les 7 ve 77, y’) ir 77 so slė ir safl isles clofes,
together with rairie. That's
T Chose vợự, rõ "Trưtỉe.
1ly
There was a dramatic and tragic appropriateness in the fact that Neruda shoull hi ve died in the lurid light cast by another "bonfire" - the military coup in his own country which over threw the Sal
1.
ya, dor AlleI 1 de T:g already ill when place, but the undoubtedly hast What follows is a extracL from a Spanish by Allen Allende de SCLC), da’s death Hindi f Which beca 11e in e Lica | dei ih J 1st Talli Pinochet's Chile.
The Imilitary le". Lund Lille house () Overturtled e Veryt Lion of shells, of . flies as bottles, only thing they Tchorl Where le l:4) fifty soldiers turni he well so in lich, his inspiration. Pillu Nerudil W:4 the night Matild. abulance to Still Elis death ag Thy four days while c. and the last word had sung of life “They a Tc going ti was in delirium fields could rea WeTC all outl:1W. Liwers or prisole sin Ille il tellec LL11 Llle house on the to watch over his a ble literal neighbours said i The army denied Lihat it could have tremists. Whil Wall um favourable im: Will. The blue its in teri) T bu rTı t, kem, the floor s ! panes in fr:lig Time deh, Tis. El Til thc : the lil LI Teate of t Literflture was
Ilse few who while can still cri the WTld filmed it a II.
At Le clo T vwe who in Matilde

е соup
gille, Neruda Wa3 the coup took national tragedy cled his death. translation of an letter Written ill de's sister, Isabel describing NeruLII eral- an event ffect the last poliion possible in
felled to the grof Isla Negra and hing. His collecorches, of butterhis books. The espected was the . A hundred and ing over the things which had been When they left, s seriously ill. In : Look him in an tiago. He was in for more or less intinuing to write 3 of the Irlan who ; and lowe were: o shaot you!" Hic Nome of his ch him, for they ed, hunted, fugirs. Matilde and 5 carried him to S: il Crisi obal Hill body. The house y destroyed. The 1 was the military. the news and said been donc by cx[ed to project a Tı ge to the outside house stood with its Tu Trnitu Te brolattered, the glass its. Amidst the ust, the coffin of hic Nobel Prize for watched over by la Tel to come, from all parts of and photographed
FC a Trilec soldiets iercely refused to
allow to en ter the hollse. The SWet dish Ambassador, tall, aristocratic, dressed in severe mourning, and deeply moved, mounted guard beside the cuffin. People were weeping, There were Wreaths of Ted carnations, for it was already spring and these flowers were in blooII. The next day too da Wled grey, as if the sky also was in mourning. Many cars arrived with people who had a certain immunity, distinguished Writers intellectuals, Professor Lipchuts, some diplomats and Iany journalists, especially foreigners.
The cortege passed slowly doWT) the street to the General Cemetery. A little before arriving there, people got off their cars and walked several blocks at a slow pace. A part from those, only a few people were to be seen; I calculated that at the II, cost the Te were three hul Indred people or less, Soldiers with machineguns cordoned off the street aid the square, and surrounded the cenicLicry.
People were walking in silence. Suddenly somebody shouted, "ComTa de Pablo Neruda!" and everybody answered in a hearse cry, "He is here: now and always!" It was as if a waive had becil opened. The cries swelled in line. From Pablo Nerudas la Ille they Went on to shout “Conra de Salvador Allende!' and a single terrible Voice, like that of El Illan crying, shook the crowd which was walking, "He is here!' Step by step the funeral of Neruda was converted in to al sy IIIbol, Beside ILic Llle çamera me 11 from Swedish Television were filming everything-the machine-guns the faces of the people, the hearse, the people who appeared in the windows of houses, the crowd near the morgue who were reading the lists of their dead. “Соп гасle Victor Јата !" all cverybody answered "He is here!" Then they shouted: "The united left Will never he def: El ted!" and other slogans. With fists raised high they sang the Internationale loudly with
(Friedri page 8)

Page 19
The Juntas eco
he modic of cconomic and so
cial organisation proposed by Chile's Military Junta is cxpressed in its Declaracion de Principios del Gobierno Chileno:
Mänis the ell scieties... The state should perfor Ill only those tasks which cannot be adequately fulfilled by : intermedia Les tor private entitles. The state should arbitrate the Icchanisms whereby the right of private properly becomics a reality foT all Chileans favouring its effective: transritmission lo all strata of society. Our cancern is to transform Chile not into El nation of proletalriarhs but into
i nation of propricors.
What are, in Chile, the poliey consequences of these theoretical propositions which coineide closely with the “Chicago Model” of conpetitive capitalism? The specific economic policy connected and consistent with the underlying premises of laissez faire hawe inwolved the following:
(1) Return of firms of the Social Property sector to thir forner Owners and the financial and banking sector to private hands;
(2) Repeal of the agrarian reform which started before Alleride) under the Christian Democrats;
(3) A policy of free and cornpetitive prices and the climination of most price controls on basic consumer goods;
(4) An exchange rate policy re-establishing a so-called "parity exchange ratic' through periodic devaluations;
(5) Liberalization of trade and implementation of a policy of free imports;
(6) Measures pertaining to the move:- IT ent of capital and forcign exchange and the expatrillion of the profits of foreign corporation5 operating in Chilւ::
(7) A tight monetary policy, reduction in the size of the public sector, and elimination of So-Callcl "un productive employment" in the publics.cctor;
(8). A freezc on wages and salaries to alleviate undesirable "cost pressures stemming mainly from Wage pattern behavio Lur. '
As a result of a "marginal' tenfold dewa luation of the cscudo and the policy offree and coinpetative prices' introduced in September 1973, consumer prices increased by more than 100 percent
during the first
litary reginne, W food con modi price increases ( percent. The pr: Sed four-fild in
elevel fold in til
Whereas price LC) obclic fit Lille C the elimination Illa Tke L disto Titic Salaries Were 'f trolled by decr a tellate "the sures cof waige di
As a Fesul 0 cy of “freeing p wages' the purc the Wages and si whole has fallen compared to its terms of March statu teory inhi niill (E18,000) was terms) to approx of its 1968/69 li purchasing powe the lower-income middle-and uppe the wages and :
What are the this dramatic fa sing power? Whe than 30 percent la licon had inco II meet minimum c require I'll ents, ou that 85 percent c tion arc now b line and sufferin tion, while 60 per holds (primarily b are in conditions ty and I'm almut stallutory minim implemented by u tary 1974, a fam ai locating all of the purchase of terms of March cha 5e les 5 tillan essary to II neet and protein requ of the observed haviour of the lic ket, a family of spend 40 percent

nomic
month of the milile several bäsic ies experienced f Til do Te Lhal 30U ce of bread in cleaOctober 1973 and e course of 1974.
Were freed so as ‘nsumer' through of “undesirable ns,' wages and ozen" and con:e. law so as to lestabilizing prese II länds.""
f the Junta’s polirices and freezing hasing power of lariee group as a by 60-65 percent 1968/69 level In 1974 prices, the |ril family incole :quivalent (in real imately one third cycl. The fall in r not only affecticd : groups but also r. income layers of salaries group.
consequences of in real purchacas in 1969, fewer of Chile's popu1 es insufficient to alorie and protein results suggest f Chile's popula:low the poverty g from malnutri:ent of all houseue-collar workers) of extreme poverition. With the m fallily in colle ecree-Wil Janily of average size, its expenditure to food could (in 1975 prices) purhaf the food meC
Inili 11 Lum calle orie: TeleTilts, In terns consumption bewest inci. The braicaverage size could of its income on
model
bread alone. Two and a half hours of labour Tem Lunerated at the Statuitary minimum (hourly) Wage rate is bearly sufficient to purchase one kilo of bread.
In 1967, the top 5 percent income brackct received 22.6 percent of total income. Our results indicate that the top 5 percent income bracket no W controls approximilately 50 percent of total income, which suggests that income in Chile is morc conce il trated and u Inequally distributed than in any other country in South America,
The implicit transfer of inconic has been accompanied by a process of wealth redistribution which is a consequence of the Junta's property and ownership policies, the repeal of agrarian reform, as well as the effect of reduced consumer demand on small and medium-sized firms which were unable to Withstand the declinic in the levels of sales resulting from the shift in purchasing power.
The fall in purcha sing power and the corresponding shift in aggregatic demand has also contributed to tlhc high test Tate of un cmployment in Chile since the 1930s (20 percent of the economically active population).
While on a mission to Chile, Chicago economics professor Arnold Harberger stated in an interview: "I am really surprised that Chile has been able to overcome so great an economic chaos in so short a time and at relatively little cost..."' (Emphasis added.)
While the scientific disguise of the neo-liberal model may conceal the process whereby economic policy, with the help of 'the invisible hand.'' is traslated into the most effective form of repression, thic Chilca 1 and U.S. economists who devised the underlying economic policy measure share with the military Juntil the responsibility for the impowerish ment and economic repression of Inore thin three quarters of Chile's population.
7ן

Page 20
No persecution . . . ( {y|| riri Éret Friuli plage # )
anti-Soviet elements in the World, however reactionary. Thus Chila and socialist Wietnam hold con tr: Ty wicws today concerning the USA and USSR. The PRC which was now behaving like a superpower itself, Was iiked at having on its own doorstep a reunited Wietnam
which had a radically different Worldwie W.
China thought that Wietnam's
stance would increase Soviet influence in the region. Thus China was attempting to pressurize Wietnam and hinder its speedy econo Ilic divelopment. In deed, said. Fr. Hou tart, ii) a semi-private discussion later, China has even approached Western governments such as that of Belgiu II to Teducc or abändon its aid to Wietrill. Since the Weste Ti I - Allil Ince was wey Tuch closer, pulicy-Wise, to Cilina Lha.Il to Wietnam, these goverIIIlents would doubtless go along with China's request. The U.S.A. endorsed and cI couraged the Chinese position since a bCSieged Wietnam would be virtually incapable of playing a radical internationalist role (a la Cuba), in the South East Asian region, and Would be forced to adopt a more moderate stance wis a wis ASEAN.
In his specchics, Dr. Hou tart repeatedly stressed that it was utterly absurd to imagint that
Vietnam would have initiated or is trying to exacerbate in any wey her present disputes with Kampuchea and China. After four decades of combatting ar'Ined aggression by three of the world's most powerful imperialist countries, the Wietnamese
how seek the reconstruction of their reunited country, along 50cillist lines. THills, Wietnam
sincerely seeks peace and friendship, but neve at the expense of national independence and socialism, concluded Rew, Professor,
The Sino-Vietianese and Kampuchea-Wietnamese disputes have led to a ni interesting liinc up withiil the i local Left., T1c Co II ll IT LI Thist Party and LSSP dominated Sri LäTnka-Wietnam Solidarity Association sponsored the official Wietnamese National Day Celebrations in Colombo (with Mr. Maith ripala
18
Sena na yake repre! also in attendanc held its own Wel to "Defeld the lution" and deri OLI class lated Kampuchean alli: the National D replete with a photographic exhi sored by the Chinese Friends which is spel Thi Left group of St Withill tile Ma the pro-Albaniar Wietnam, due 1 nia In's openly position, but also with Wietal has ing feature of L since their incep sixties. Therefore chly pro-China g fellow t Talw'cillers W, (now dubbed the Kaliya' wing intellectual depen Ile that current I Peking) oppose
Chile's Chicag
( P F f free.fr) Fr på
il 1975. It still ceive of the LITI Te5 as being accepta Communism is national organis: dell'Tay sh (Li Lee of MaxisTats in civil life Illust Titect its
What kind of liberty will survi tect Ts of II) (). way, can Well b.
And the Direc tiLlte of Inte:Tnic. University says:
"Chile can act as the developed w ltiթing wiնrld... . GSLIT: le:Lidersli third will wit: ||:s - if ih]ח1gחחgr signed and dcfir I would like to Irmã de inta lede. - Ali Lh Lihird y
Lilderstill d ill Chilean experien
| To that, aš i Fr

senting thę SLFP r), while the JWP Il attended rally Wietnamesc Rewolice "with utilist he Yankee-Sino
lince." In Kandy ay Celebrations film show and
bition was sponSri Lankal-Indo hip Association :aded by a New a linist persuasion. ist camp itself, groups Support It conly to Albapro-Wietnamese bec lulse solida Tity been a longstandhe Maoist Left tion in the Imid, Only the Sta unroups and China's
Il 1S.F. "Peking Review to their abject delce on Wha Lever y enlanates from Wietnam’s stad.
이 - • • ξε 5 )
| le 35 il 1985, ç:0Iltricted sight to strike ble... (c) the u siç that Taking of the inter. tions. (d) the belief di alccept the co-exis==Lefirlisli altı dII)-İl... because dern Cracy
.'"
de Tocracy and we, if thicse procracy have their C i 11 agiriel.
tors of the InstiItal Studies of the
a bridge between crld and the devellilea al Cill CiLl chilricteristic ill H. many military govwer: a policy deI'd in that direction 5ę: General Periochet r of the third world:
Iri Wiki: H : = El:
benefit from the
ank says, Arnen.
Neruda . . .
( Сонғiпнғd froрт Раge Iб.)
their eyes full of tears, with the machine-guns pointcd, treImbling, in the hands of the soldiers who seeImed as much images of death, although they to co hawe a h cart Which feels, fears and admires. I have never felt more fear. My stomsch contracted in pain, but I could not have left the crowd and escaped from danger. I suppose that they would not have opened fire on the flower of the Chilean intelligentsia and on the diplo Llatic corps, but El single conscript who lost his head and fired would hal ye bcc Il fatal. As we passed by one building, the Workers stood in lille ankl soleIn Thly Tellowed their clips. At the J. J. Aguirre Hospital Illany doctors and nurses also stood beside the curtege. AII oli lady Who came lp Lo Tiit sid:
"No, I have seen him only once in my life, but I came to his funeral becausc with hil in We are burying the last cry of freedom.'
A man, old and poor, who seeTıcd a Lirade-union leader, With several teeth missing, recited loudly Lhe most TtWolu Lionary Werses of the poet, with tears streaming down his cheeks. I was crying with all the anguish and the fear accumulated for so many days, and I understood one thing: if Neruda had died three weeks earlier, he would have received the homage of the Whole people, a Tmausoleum, national mouTThing, and flags at half-mast. Bu Li Neruda, knew to die just as he knew to live. He died at the line which his deal became a symbol, a cry. No hOI Lillage, abs Colul Lely 10 Ille, could have had the sole inity and the grandeur of that s Illa Il processico II, on a grey morning, con which. El few men and Women went to bury him in a temporary grave, calling out for Lhee läst time before the båTI els of the Inmachine-guns his poems of liberty and justice.

Page 21
| Press opinion
Lies
B°::3 out of lies, stepping out int Li al Ile:W Fage Of lies ånd
of Lc III as happens to liars, this
goveГппепL is now in the unem vious situation of exposing its lies by its own h;Linds. As admitted by the Millister of Fincc Wlat Sri Lika has received froll the Aid Consortium rega Tidig thc Mailal weli scher The is II Crely all acknowledge Illent that it will 'consider the aid propsils" for some of the scheles. In view of this, statements inade by certain individuals and the Niltional press that we have already received aid the Minister has said, are only lies. Who arc these liais'
Pack reshuffled - what next 2
he Illinisterial pack has been
reshuffled under the new constitutioll. Yet...there is no sign of a funda Itinental change. Had Lhere bcel one, even theil it would be fruitless, because the play lies on a single cird. There nay be ministers but the all powerful one is the President. Froll now oil the United Left Front is the only force that can give leadership to the people. This Was proved the day Mr. Jayewardene installed his new constitution. The sooner those honest people who ruim behind Mrs. Balında Tanai ke and the youths who follow Mr Wijewelera realise this the sooner will be the victory,
Mortgaged to the Jews
T Jana dina revealed yesterday that the government has award
ed a million dollar a year contract to the Jewish firm of Wardley and
C. to advise the
how to use the co exchange. Sir Eric E sident of this cII. Worked With the III te et a Ty Fund and
close ties with the IN that the gover III heil bCCIl 0Il the Eld Wise self. If by ignoring Co will econo Illic: advis ment hopes to creat opment then the
living in a dream.
Popular struggli common enemy
est. Tingly coil
Wit: tוIl LHג
organised by the Sai munist joirit actio1
test against the IIc This is yet another Jayewardene gover erant of the exercis rights and that th safegual Tidiling dictThi assired in the The WC fraud. H. We Wei", a exhibition perform demonst Tatio I h TT1CIn" be judged, a fruit make a dent Elgai ment which is T10 W
of the imperialists itself with a hill:- is not the work for or two. It is the dult opposed to the Ul strength of the peo! mass struggle to E collinoil enemy. T roach of this dictic was more an "exhi rather than a blow Jayewardene governi discourage the since
 
 
 

go weTI 1 I ment on untry's foreign Rolle is the Prepany. He has Tlational Moneven low has MF. It may be it's choice has of the IMF it* [ht Country's iers the gover TE lational devegovernment is
e agaiп5t r
dem in the police
der tilstrallico Il Tilas II laja-Com
gTo up to pro:w constitutiւյու proof that the illent is intole of democratic Le promise of to ratic rights onstitution is a 1 il stant solo :l II Ce likc the tioned is, as can less exercise. To 1181 fì #\}WefIla carıp follower and his covered like constitution
a single party y of till parties NP to LITite lhe ble in a genuine bring down the lic partisan appInstration which bition of skills' | 10 hLIIt the 1c Tit should not Te progressives.
Tuneinto
BRSTOL
evening at 7:30 over SLBC channel2
I9

Page 22
Cinema
The Wasps: Adult ci
hawe read with interest MT. Rcggie Siriwardena's impressions of Dharmasena Pathiraja's latest Sinhala film Banbaru A with" which appeared in the August 15th issue of the Lanka Guardiari. What I fell, when I saw the film, was that the Sinhala cinema has discovered än astonishingly Telmarkable film-maker whose feel for the cinema seems to be basically different to that of, say, lost of our other filIT-makeTS. This is to say that Pathiraja has comic a long way from his “Ahas Gawwa'' and ewel tlıat adolescent fall. Iltasy ""Eya Den Loku Lainayek” (which Was obviously not his own script). The explosive theme hic projects in ***Balınıbları Awithi" tacı bring qılı t a gruelling drama of the bases t humain cmotions, "It was a tragedy with a tinge of poetic justice,' as someone remarked in the theatre where I saw the film.
But what seems to be in Irguing is how Anthony meets his most inhuman death, being battered to near ulico Incio Lusiness in his slech by that coward of a servant of Wicto T. What is Luis Slı iddel prowocatiol? Bu litt Pathi rajal in ordet to Ineet out poetic justice to the serwant, subsequently, makes the latter leet with llis saidistic ČInd, whic El the tree on which he sought refuge to avoid the Wrath of the villagers elbittered by Anthony's death, collapsed with him since the villagers themselves had partly cut it, almost when Wictor's security force luded there to salve hill.
Also there seems to be something incongrols in the attitude of the radical (played by Costa) both before and after the village upheaWill, it which three lives were lost.
It may be that Pathi rajal shows up this pseudo-intellectual in order to expose the hypocrisy of some of the young left radicals of today Whom het SLITImises, seem to go the same way of the old hourgoise left leadership in the country.
20
And what do when the wasps', set the Whole wil fild Flec bäck to earliest bus. which the fill end on
But this is by th diminishes the fi
India - US
do not wish t
оріпions exргсs: an a Luth Co Tity on policy as the all -Ceylon Relatio Deputy High Māris Ild IÜW Political Science: However, please Imäke :1 few Übst Shelton Kodlika Ta on Indian foreig the Desai gQVETT
Comparing th: before: Hitl i fler, on Mr. Desai's -alignment” Prc places great cripi nuity" rather tha my view, such em The Thail fault in collmentary is exa Illine a very it ship i.e. India Desai's "genuine 1 1 "" | "" t Prof Kikira 5 h the Desai visit, Inique, the speecil the comments of , and current opir circles in Americ points may then
I. The subst: Iridia Tı policy statement “caj
points of view ATherican) Cyn til problerins discussi
W'lle Il DeSai : "*gell 1 ile III-a li

Ca
We see at the end after their sting age in tuTIIloil Colo II bio il the eventually makes a defeatist note.
e way, and ha Tidly lim's Waltle as ill
: Change,
o challenge the sed by so cline Int
Indian foreign thor of Indi) 1s', the former
Lottırı issioİler il the Professor of at Parademiya. permit me to I Waltiols C1 TOT. 's article (Aug 15) in policy under
1. e foreig Tı policy FL r1d cc}m1 I1menti T1g נוסח סuimוןge" fessor Kodika Tal hasis om “contim “change”. III h5i5 is mista ke T. Prof. K0 diki Ti's that it fails to important relation—LJS. HEL 5 Ilot ion-align Tent' w Td 5 the LUS"? Lould have studi:d the joint commules of Desai, and American analysts liticalסח חion iו a. The following hawe stTLuck him. Intial cha lige in wideli il tlie: Incidence of the (ie Indian and c wide range of էtl"". dded the phrase gnment' to the
epitole of the poor fisherman's Wicissitudes and above all, the sense of direction it leads to a meaningful and a socially relevant cinema.
Admittedly, "Bainbaru Avith' has established Pathiraja as one of the most perceptive minds working in the contemporary cinema.
K | Lutal. Ta North Elmo Fernando
not continuity
(A reply)
political dictionary, he was preparing to deviate from the traditional policy of 30 years, oil Illajor world issues.
2. By accepting the US leading role in the world, D-sai is in fact modifying the lon-align Illent of Nehru and Mrs. Gandhi, and seeing the place a Inkl function of the non-aligiled II 110 Wemelt in a different light.
3. Desai Ilowed close to 'the dcfence of hul Lan rights”, a tenet of the Carter policy. Desai Ilot only accepts this but often he himself inctions this in combiaLin with "belief in de locatic wallues"".
4. Desai does not deim El Ind the disillantling of US bases in the Indian Ocean, a major demand of Mrs. Gandhi.
5. He is II ore or less in line with US Middle East policy, and shows a new "''sy III pathy" for Israel. There have been reports of diplomatic ties.
6. His condemnation of South Africa and the Slith racist regime is, if at all, soft-toiled or casual.
7. It is also clear that under US pressure, Desai is abandoming the cold India II position om border dispute with China and putting
it aside in order to "improve TelåLions””
Colo illbo, A. S. Ragunathan.

Page 23
Private view
The agitated way of
he great Stephen Potter's
theorems of games manship and life Illinship and Prof. C. Northcote Parkinson’s Lalw's gawe us new insights into the nature of human social structures. Dr Eric Berle's "Gilles People Play' added a new dimension to our comprehension of huma Tn behavio Lur. Now, quite in the same tradition, cones Harry Hopkins' description of Tourette's The Syndrome, a nervous affliction which is not just confined to individuals but is also a social, and indeed the social disease. Writing uInder the hielding Thc silutary possibilities of ignorance' Hopkins describes the salient features of the syndro The: 1. echosalia cor the repetition of others' words and expressions 2. fоїїе доигgиої or compulsive inquisition and 3. ritirio o obsessive Inul merical rituals. The symptoms are all around
Cryptic Crossword No. 6
by Stripex
Across CLUES
us. Hopkins give Mr Dennis Healy -as-expected budg the budget “mot b: Tilles Ordinary S upon rose 7 po later the index
Cal Lusing pŁ1 Inic he spread the word Was call mitous.
cout borcalık of dairir ki, by acute folie E hundreds of coll Lised for hero cxercises on rati tional and co rando n11 self-feedi of infinite presci
The aetiology says Hopkins, i. clirical cise stLII in her processes. the paperts publi: trade figures whic
9. All pastry could be the Snag in the package 20 down (5,4)
10 Frce the toilets to the East (5) II. Lay off cats (E&OE) (5.2 12. They're related but not to monn (7) 13. Latin stars (5)
4, 21 c.g. (5,4)
16. Interinent versus Cremation controversy?
(7,8)
18. Process of creating, say, a 14 across (9) 19. Nick-Ilaire? The devil it is! (5) 20. Dial Leofrill town close to Bombay (7) 21" A 14 across fricnd of Louis Quinze (2,5) 22. I bail cut as an excuse (5)
23. Second thoughts of Plainter A1 (5,4) DOW
1. Make intelligible what you cannot do to your breakfast
cgg ( )
2. A matter of siting some superficial knowledge (1.10,2,2)
3. Any crazy egghead caught up in half a laugh. What's the
Creature got to laugh about? (6)
Hallo, many have left the nimbus! (4) Brags tours to French city (IO) ܩܒ Un Ilmarked set arranged to keep you wa Tim (8) Inconsistently, Royal Canadian Navy is mixed up with cily dictatar (15)

life
s an illustration: produced a much it. The City found d". The Fillicial tılare. Inicx, the Teints. Thrce days dropped sharply adlines. Eclidalalia Lihat the b Lltiget There Was ilin oraria followed ourquoi in which Inn inches were cally ingenious bnalising the irraInferring on the ng panic the aura cinct and wisdom.
of the disease, s complex: only ly can reveal its On 16 February shed the January h revealed a large
8. Tax luck of thic
Arden
unexpected deficit. Headlines screamed. One went: Britain Slumps In to The Red. Hopkins comments that it would be quite uscless to remind sufferers that it has been dem constrated ad risus earn that such monthly figures lay not only be erratic but quite simply wrong. For those in the grip of arithionaria (which is almost everybody) words are subjective, numbers objective. They also fit into precise punchy headlines. The very decimal point confer's authority. On 17 February the UK money circulation showcd a 2.3% rise ower the previous month's figure. The Guardian ran a five columu head: Alarming Surge. In Money Supply accompanied by a less prominent
note som its financial cditor telling the peoplc NOT to be alarmed because it was probably
the result of special factors. The process of accentuating the negative
is self-feeding. Thc FT Index drops. What could be more conclusive? The momentary has
Irish (4)
14. Confused women's movement in 10 clothing can safely be
ignorecci (10)
15. Positive and negative philosophical principles in China
(3,3,4)
17. Where to look for those Alhazars (2,f) 19. Buy the wchiclic going Lup cor North (6) 20. Trade in sawn timber (4) 12. Fruit to savour of a particular time (4)
2.

Page 24
become the momen tolls. At this stage of the higher market-metaphysics echola lia enters its limos L potent phase. The future which needs to be created becomes instead a slide do WIl a trend-line of cxtrapolŁltcd abstractions. The tic takes control. The syndrome can be observed in Sri Lanka too and not merely in the field of matters affecting our economy. Perhaps we should try Lo learn from Hopkins the salutary possibilities of ignorance.
Last legs
The French word for legacy is legs. It is a singular, masculine no un and as pronounced (lay) cannot possibly be confused with thc English (plu 1 Tal) word for the leth CT limbs. BLI E as y, TiLLer 1 confusion is possible especially when attendant circumstances favour it. Arthur Marshall describes a Wisit to a Grenoble IT u seu IT which had been the recipient of many bequests from the Rothschild failily. Oric exhibit he saw was the lower half of a nummified Egyptian body, two brown and Wrinkled suilips, lacking in charml but presu Inably of elormous palaeontological Walue. It was titled: Legs de Mille Róthschild.
How's that again?
Were will inherit the title but not the private for Luc. That will go to lil-year-old son Esmond fathered by his third wife at the El ge of 69.
Jahri (Tartal i ri The Graardar,
Women's Lib is OK but is this not really going too far."
Trends . . .
(Corfired fra Fager)
In cricket circles, it is widely held that Dr. Perera who did such a fine job as Filmar te Minister w II fou/ I the Board out of its old friarca troubles. At the SSC an All-Ceylon veteran was
heard to say: "H who can pull the BC
Witamin C
In the bdd old PhJ Trile:Liticů s ČOI to suppress the he Drugs MNCs, Cor. that substandard p placed on the ma are different, MI very best.
The efficacy of Ways been a matti But ther it was at a few certs, N. gest drug firms , something to im h) LI r - I Will ta F1 irn C Tlaw0ured Prlce: 60
Redefining . . (Ιαπτίrrriεί ήταrη μας,
derina IndCd, A INICI "“strategy" witlı of the public ar. a particular bala I 1lechanistis and t To acicyc Luis || of the propertied contailed. Ha will stair Lled with a hi tributi uf inc. il coIIle cliccile Tci total income in pe mitted the fic forces al lle: T priva te et terprise Tcinforced ilequa agli st these sought to red Lice prollic tic growth ol
The economist al Timo del which I has a relatively ignore equitable tion, political an diffusion of pow lity of life in chai path Uwards ac growth. On the de velop TemE mea a society in which of We||-being le sharing of wellstrategy of devel alimed al simula se veral activities.
(Next: The mix

e is the only Red hard out of the red"
days when the poration was trying Tling gen i L5 of the nplaints were rise roducts were being rket. Today things WCs offer you the
Witor in C has aler of serious doubt. 2nly a tablet selling 2W one of the bighas Come Lp with Jrowe the shri ing tablet that || 5 le Tigr) | Cents per tablet.
?冒1
g other things, a a particular mix I private scctors, nce of regulatory he Italirket sy Stērli. result, the power.
clai S5 es hild to be g it systel which ighly uniqual disInc (the highest Ceiving 40% of the 1953), if we had !e play of market alpici expansion of it could have lities and Worked PT esses which
inequalities and 1 El bise of equity.
who operates on maximises growth easy Liisk: le car incorre distribud civic freedoms, er, and the quating the Luli linear nie wing Tmaximilu T11
other hand, if I is the creation of էlic rapid growth Hds to a wider being, then the Opient has to be leously achieving
ed economy)
Letters . . .
(Coa FIr írTrraFad J/f‘? 77 pagʻae r)
why you should spare even a small space for such hair spitting thcoTies as Bernsteinism, Kautskyism etc. cwen in a form of letters to the cditor,
It is an irony of fate that some of our “great revolutionary thinkers” of Sri La Inka (s Luch as thesc hair split Ling theorists) who had Ilo touch. With the day to day life of ordinary Workers or peasants of this county, are busy in trying to find the mistakes of the Russian Revolution which Lenin had successfully carried out 60 years ago; a Tid thanks to which We hawc à strong bulwalk agaist Tico-colonialism today. It seems that they are Imore keen Lo know Whether Lenin had "breakfast” with Trotsky or "di Inner” with Stalin before the revolution. It is as a result of such “ “great Sri LaLinkäin thinkers” that we are today as We are.
Dear Editor, could you kindly remind them, that the Sri Lankan ordinary Workers or peasants certainneed something else please.
Kandy. A. Waidya sekara
"Trail of broken promises
Under the above caption Mr. Am Lura BEL mida Ta maike has stated tilha L lhousands of teachers, corporation employces and Workers have been transfered, sacked or intimidated.
I would like to Termind Mr. Banda Tanaike that in the Gampola Electorale alone large numbers of teachers, corporation employees and other government servants were Lhen transfered and in Lillidated. I WELS Cole Wicti II.
Mr. Jayarat Ila the SLFP MP also Very vociferously campaigned for, "no elections.' I an able to prove these facts.
Gampola. G. H. I. de Zoysa

Page 25
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