Page 1
LANKA Vol. 1 No. 3
GUA
ħwmu Way
VM O
Troubled t
J.R's ln
Indira’s
H
ldea of a
The coming
Invisible
O POETRY 0 CINEM
 
 

November 1, 1978 Price Rs. 2/50
E DAN
for the Left
A symposium
. Vasudeva Nanayakkara
rade unions
H. A. Seneviratne
dian visit
Mervyn de Silva
comeback
University
E. H. de Alwis Depression
Arthika
violence'
Eduardo Galeano
A O PRIVATE VIEW

Page 2
James Drak
 
 

TARRING
amini Fonseka Mary Tamm e Chris Greet
PRODUCED & DIRECTED EY
ANIK SANDRASAGRA
I am Elephart In and execute
LIICE r"
ar TT Page fort

Page 3
Letters
Radio news
SLBC has a good nose for news, at times. It was the first to report, in fair dictail, of the recent floods in India and of the cargo ship that was sunk in Galle harbour. But its no se for news takes a different turn when i reports on strikes.
For example the S.L. B.C. news bulletin that ca Inc over the air on the night of 17.10.78 reported of the settlement of a strike in the private sector which was not known to exist for its listeners. A strike that is 5ct led cannot be of more news Walue than one that is on. If thc SLBC chooses to drop this sort of news altogether from its news bulletins, the listeners would Tespect therin more.
Panadura
97 and all that'
I Illust "apologise for daring to Write on this subject. I must also confess I kilow nothing of the writings and works of Marx and Lenin, the thoughts of Mao or the theories of Dr. Colvin R. de Silva, but I have certainly read with awe the views expressed by
persons well versed in these matters për taining to the above subject. The letter of Dr. (?)
Carlo Fonseka appearing in your journal of 1.10.78 is one such.
I write not to dispute anything written on these subjects - I am not competent to do so - but rather to unburden myself of a doubt created in my mind by this particular letter.
Dr. Fonseka in the course of his letter states that Mr. Siriwardella informed us that until April 1971 he "shared the illusion engendered by the 1970 General Elections." He then goes on to state - That victory was engineered precisely by what Mr. Siriwardena cha Tacterized as "the opportunism of the LSSP (and CP in and after 1964.'' So, by implication the opportunism of the LSSP and CP must have had Mr. Siriwardena's approval at some stage because by his own submission he "shared the illusion engendered by the 1970 General Elections".
ANKA
Wol. I No. 3 ||
CON
Crossw 3 - 4 News 4 - 6 Interna
Poetry E - 9 The hic () - Econot Sympo! 3 戴 | 4 - 5 Potics 6 - 7 Trade L | 8 - 9 Educati 20 Pri "Wate 21 – 22 Review 23 Cinema
T rends
W. K. Wijeratna
Unions, Unive
From Managu. Teherd to Ban trade unions did familiar sources ( and opposition. F of those who has rotons of 'stabi represent a pote| "order".
In the commfng w II come before t the government's conta fin these "foi at di tīme whe. oppositional force political parties, Inactive or par hostiltles or their o
It has been Čontotutorial Couri of the Universitie: sistent with the cularly with the amental Rights.
The tra de Luno, Guardian' reported have already told the proposed mea the steps taker Lombat the orie
violated U. N. c.

- GUARDAN
1578 ,ber fוחםwםh
Publish cdi by Lanka (Guardilian ENTS Publishers Ltd. Third Floor, քrd YMBA Building, 1263/28 Main Jackground Streel, Čolombo - 1. ional News
Telephone: 29028. rror machine
i Editor: Merwyn de Silwa חסlחlקי
Printed by Ananda Press Il liOI15 825, Wolfc.ndhal Street, :Tl Coloritabu - 13. YeYNY
Telephone: 35975
Tsities It is not only the coincidence of
the parliamentary debates which to Tunis, from Prompts ar consideration of these gkok and beyond, proposals as part of a pattern. They students are two have a Common airs - the de-posticif dissent, agitation for of the unions and universifties. rom the perspective strong, if narrow, ity, these groups TULF dilemma tia cha lenge to
Orne or two Tam þolftscsans sts/ seem to be in a quandary over the weeks, two bills offer of District Ministries. To accept he NSA that reveal or not? The TULF as such will conscious effort to probably say 'no' but at least one 'ces of disturbance' Eelam Bark is may be willing. Youth 1 other organised pressure against any cooperation with , such as the the government (they consider it are es ther yssibly collaboration) is strong although a lysed by mutual small section of the youth recommends lyri Internal troubles, the tactic of acceptance and then quitting the posts on the question of rgued besore the Colonisation.
that some sections
Bs are in Con- The young militants ha ye their own
Constitution, part- line, spelt out boldly in slogans on chapter on Fund- the wall of the Jaffna nurses' quarters. Nearby is the home of g TULF representative. One sfogan reads: s, as the Lanka "The government is more than one in its last issue, (year old) but is the country two?' the J. L. O. that ures and some gif #ołer நwகிழ்ச் :tங்கம் do rot last month to know the path, the gun will show y general strike the way'. Alongside is a crude 1 Wer7 tilJrs. drawing of a rifle.

Page 4
There appears to be.something
(ir) rational in this argument.
One may perhaps hic forced to accept a situation (which later Inay turn out to be unly an illusion) created by other persons and/or forces. One may go further and not withstanding one's personal views and convictions express the hope and/or belief that some good evolve out of that situation (before it turns out to be an illusion). Does that accessarily con mote by implication or otherwise approval of the emerging slate of affairs and any subsequent effects thereof. Suurely Incot l
This feminds Ille of the trditional efforts Lo prove Gurios blindncss by thc use of the qualities of lowe.
Riitionalists, tal tiúil at Limes,
Rä Lalana
Educationa
I read with ir: copy : f your ju ald Was impress as Well as t approach. I impressed by the : Balsli, T in “ “ III cal Libhall chill Thgats’ in weiifying a s this article, i. e. t as to the statisti numbers dropped prior to comple (In page 21 coll Imcinio iš tlha, L 0% prior to sixth gi 7% reach levels.
Cryptic
Across CLUJ ES
Cros
by St
1. (Capital ecstasy foT TP3's forcign kim (5.9) 7. Not a slorekeeper; he's got money invested (II) 9. This writer is almost are of the people he addresses
himself to (5)
10. Is borne, not necessarily clad in 25 (5) 11. It's EL bloomer to be pointlç55 ly astern (3)
0S LaTL LLLLLLLlLle CLLLL LLLLLLLLS aa LLLLLLz LLLLaLL SES
15. Formerly shrewd, metropolitan ... (6)
16. ... boy in charge of sound ... (5)
17. ... Way Cof Cort III munication. with Qut lowe, is gloomy (6)
E. World body's jok is a yari still to be told (f) 19. Clican out of San Francisca, Lurban area (5)
22. playcr to do Cor I. (5)
4. player who's as good as a rhile (5) 25. Si. brooding over thic Wellingtons (6.5) 26. Спе ућо б по фaubt wishes to (6,36)
Dowп
III'ritab [E: ESSIÇ TibljE5 O TITECTE
1 across? (5,9)
in Begii hitlig If
2. Zori area for the fresh air (5) 3. Syllabolis II of the Bartok ernsemble (5) 4. A woke without Billinese title to stir up . (6) (5) gI'יסis 10 all חhוו rt:rסsupp ..-. .5 6, Takcs salvic to knights and trics to 26 (5,6,4) 7. Stringer paid per col LIImlinch is sci-fi author (5,5) 8. Tiscourt cous answers are fib5 after harsher record (4,7) 11. Eistirmatic thic pointlic.55 fools (5)
2. There's nothing to taste ill 4 - 4 title {5) 13. Happen at inder walls about the Inongrel (5) 20. Documë.11 I authorising tëInjorary importation of its
beginning (6) 21. Tine Luna blocciding, is internally wicak (3) 23. Lady R. Cöthlio3 Lup to tOWFI (o) 24. Feculiar chairm of a rambler, we hear (5)
2

, could be ir Talouldn't they?
Carol A. Perera
changes
erest the October Irnal "Guardian' d by the coverage c independent was particularly rticle of Mr. Sunil lications of ecill. I am interesled ecific Imatter il le author's soluTC: cs given on the
out of school ion of studies. mn 2 top). He er 45%, drops out adde and that only Could you please
let me hawe the source for this statistic or in the alternative quote or give mc the source so as to find the actual numbers dropping out of school prior to NCGE or GCE o standard. En also interested in knowing satistics as to powerty in Sri Lanka, stated in (a) Those with an income beloyw Rs.300 or so (b) Those without an inch of land (c) Total number suffering from malnutrition etc., (any quantifiable way).
I would be grateful if you could let mic have details either thrճնgh your journal or dircct. Wishing your journal successful growth.
Dulan de Silva.
No. 671 Government Flats Colombo 4
sword No. 9
riрех
Solution to Cryptic Crossword No. 8
ACROSS— 1. Make hic most of it 8, Habeas Corpus Act
9. Royal ace 10. Statua I2.
19. Old Battic 20.
18. Turbil
McIltal case 15.
Historic
Watch night present
2I. Shouldering ar 13.
DOWN-2. Kabaya 3. Trails 4. Each credit 5. True tale 6. Feast day 7. To tcase the cat 8, Horrid witches
11. At Philippi
seat.
13. Starts to 4. Cheap oil 16.
Bad egg

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News
JR's first foray
by Mervyn de Silva
Jayewa Tidene who
M. J. R.
attended the CIn 10 wealth lcalders" meeting in Australia Els Sri Lanka's Prille Minister is now on his first static visit. While the addition of Nepal to his itiner: Ty suggests that the journey could be both as President ankl pilgrim, the choice of Indin for his official trip is not without palitical significance, J. R. rarely dics anythig befo Te Çal Tell study ani prepartion.
Never an over-enthusiasic globetrot cr, J. R. has not displayed much passion, as intellectual or professional politician, for foreign affairs. In this, he shares the UNP's traditional indifference to foreign policy which springs largely from an ill-concealed colwiction that active diplomacy is an extravagançe for small Tiltions. A compleIn enlary attitude supports the view that a government's job is concentrate its efforts on the people's real probl:ms', meaning domestic affairs, notably ecolonic issue 8.
The UNP was out of officc when in the 1970's, particularly after the Algics conferenee, sin all nations learnt that if cconomics is never very far from politics, the axiom holds true of the international order too. To the obvious discomfiture of the affluent
and the powerful, the still aller countries Inade their economic denlands on political platforms
ind in fact in every international forum. No 11-alignment thus beca The thc political platform of the poor, the new international economic order their major trade union demand, and UNCTAD their bargaining table.
J. R. had an early and close wiew of this evolutionary idea which has now become an impottant factor in the international system. He led Sri Lanka's dele
gation to the Inc.: Ling in A. sense, it ill be
(Öt Eller yw is e his foreign affairs a writ (cil very carcer - the S ser cince where: Japan's causc, Pl: In whichı hic
J. R.'s "Sel Solne Ways, speeches) do In for s (a (clients
In tlıle 5’s hic s Dullesia] acce:T
But if you Thought' as a til 5 et tl at stubbornly loyal hel wiews. H argue that this consistency wh would clair) tha interest in new
people's opinio this regard, h
make-up.
One of this importic for Indian friendshi idea is regiona ration. Thic Ind secul in this pe:
It was widely first state wisi , a colutity wher wa Tim Tegal r d b tiOn that Tem Francisco addre did lı bitur bli II Today, Japan i: 2 creditor, next economic sphe co-prosperity COI the Far East Asil, but, Tlat Japanese in west q Wr this Točigio II Els Latiti WA 1Ti

“Group of 77' giers whic Ie, il a gåI.
personal es Says in Ild diplornacy were сагly in his-ling al Il Francisco co u lhc championed Alld he: CCT lombç) co-author:d.
cted specches' (in
carefully selected tot giye I11 Lich tinn C um foreign policy. po ke wittı 4 st. To Ing .
Çöl sildir * J. R. whole, it is et sy he ill:15 Tell nå i "El to a few strongly iš adminirers woull accounts for his er els his critics t he has mot Intuch ideas or in other Ils. At least in ie hä8 à Glullist
ideas is the crucial " Sri Lank of p. An associated Il economic coopeian visit should be rspcctive.
believed that JR's would be to Japan, e he is held in an older generaelbers his Sail ss. In fact, Japan 1 El few years Elgo. 5 Sri Laika's No.
to U. S. Japan's "e (a Tefurbished ncept) does et brace
and South East quite: Soul Asia. ors have Waulted
and gone as far
H(WCW'er there have been a marked spurt in Japa, lese: and South Kucan interest in Sri
Lanka after the UNP took office.
In the middlc (f the Indian Ocean, Japanese interests directly encounter the in leTests of India in industry and big business which h;15 10 W feched a leyel of naturity that it must expand beyond its own boundaries and gain access to countries like Sri Lanka, the oil-rich states clic.
In the first Iloths of the lJNP government II embership in ASEAN appeared to be a Inatter of tille. A powerful lobby and E. In orchc strated press callpaign in the maint Team media pointed the way to ASEAN.
It is worth noting that Mr. Jayewardene who Inakes every
illportint decision refused to be hus Lleid, My OwIn seeling is that it was not so much a question of the right credentials (Sri Lanka is in South not South East Asia) but a studied evaluation of Il dial Icactions and a
conviction that In ore positive advantages will accrue to Sri Lanka if she was a member of a larger econullic association Lihat CeTt:Linly included Ildi
Dalhi-Colombo feelings were somewhat ruffled during the
August Tacc riots and the fate of (Indian) plantation workers, not to mention the misfortunics of an Indian High Commission official and his wife. But subsequent misgivings, if any, were soon cleared once the obvious kinship betweel Lihle Desai-Jayewa Tidenc governments that had replaced in India and Sri Lanka the closely linked Gandhi-Bandaranaike regimes made its in Eltural claims on II1 do - SI i La Thkar1 Tela, tiorns.

Page 6
Hardly chicken feed
hic Government's econ. Inic
policy of currency dewa luario), combilled with was ly liberalized imports has had the effect of a L}11e - L Wo punch on Small ind Inedium scale produces in both industrial and agrarian seci cors. Now this deletarious effect has been fel in the animal husbandry secror too. On the one ha tid, currency dewa luiutiun has result cd in rapidly raising the costs of both poultry feed and veterinary drugs,
For instance a standard sizebag
of poultry feed has risen from about Rs. 35 - prior to the budget Lo about Rs. 56/- oday. Meanwhile the recent imports of less cd chicken by the C.W.E. has caused a drop in the price of locally raised poultry. This latter feature is beneficial to the consumer in the short term, but is bound to have a negative effect on the domestic poultry industry in the long term. If the present trends in importalion should continue, local producers fear that it will culminate in the import of eggs from India and Australia as was done in the 'good old days'.
"During the previous regi 1] &
poultry feed was relatively low priced, but owing to Felix's foul play with fowl food wc were faced with severe shortages and we thought the new Governmeat would remedy all that. Now it seems that this Government's economic policy will drive us completely out of business' protested one poultry breeder.
Whipping Again
he Civil Rights Movement in a
statement issued last weck stated that the new Criminal Procedure Bill, insofar as it re-introduces lashing with the cat online tails, is not consistent with the fundamental rights enshrined in the Inew Constitution of the demo. cratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. Protection against torture and other cruel inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is guaranteed by Article 1 of the Constitution, which provision
(DiffirrrrE' if page g)
Internat
The
SE (Gärd November 5 Col L 15 l () l Ü WEI çöificie. jou They will I paths of glic II: West fu CLI 1g1L 82 deb LIL Ishing defè ye: r,
Mrs. Gild contest the hy Tinagälu T ir I til K: Trh:t:ık:H. Hu i Ild the Irid CuTigress did in tlit stiս1}} March 7.
On Nuweibile lea Wes for LI herself docscrib.
political trip" Chikmagalur | fe: tcd ali dčr beyond El redemption Eric will Tulke her Will te self tenacious fight is back on the India II politics.
The 10-day connection wit Nel ru annive sponsored by CC) mit unity in B, Lo Contest a b: choice of both And the occasic trip have bel ConsiderHioT implications.
Mrs. Gandhi the garne far toc parliament. Alth Were prepared t have been comp by her extraordin and her success i of a substantis Congress, it is the centre, the
Divided and Janata governme demonstration

ional news
path to
hi goes soull on before she goes west
According to her preditions Lhe Tħal 1 k l rcLLI rn to the Pry' a ind power slne si long th:fi) Te Elie acle al I) di her Luwu IL EIt Rai: Ba Teli last
li has decided Liu “ — electium in ChikSuther state of in bled in the north ia in heartland, hic comparatively well at the polls in
r l): El Mrs. Galdi idol on what she el rankly was a " If slic carries Fltilirl Gå midlı i, deligrated apparently hope of personal lipolitical recovery, first wisit a broad - assurance of a : Who knows she : Centre stage of
London visit is in h the at wa hardal 5: Y Celebratics the large Indian ritain. The decision Y - election, and the tlę Constitucicy n for an overseas made with Litnost for all political
has been playing | long from outside 1. Lugh those who write her off letely colfounded lary saying power in retaining control il section of the ti ne to move to Lok Sabha.
discredited the It offers a daily if its inherent
ifra Gard
wcaknesses and its ineffective perform: 11ce on major issues. Personal squabbles in public, highlevel family scandais, lialt Lura di så sters E4 nd the tribulations of a huge cIIlmutility lika the Hilrijans multiply its Inis fortunes. Mrs. Gandhi has decided that the im is Opportune to challenge her opponchis face to face.
Chikmagalur is regarded as a con fortable Congress seat.
At the last elections, the CongSS party (undivided) carried the seat by an impressive 64,000 jority. At the Karnataka state elections, the Indirn Congress did En lrk bly wc) with Mr. Děvaraj Urs, now the chief minister, renping home. Mr. Urs is on of Mrs. Gandhi's firmest loyalists.
In the face of Mrs. Gandhi's move, the Janata party's discomliture was all too plain in picking strong, candidate. Strongly tipped Was Industries Minister George Fernandes' brother Lawrence who was jailed and tortured during the emergency. There were even Teports that the Janata would back 9ommunist (M-L) and save itself the humiliation of an քբtm defeat. The Janata finally opted for Mr. Weerendra Patil, a former chief minister.
Mrs. Gandhi had to get per
Inission from a Delhi court to
leave the country even for so (Confirred dari page 6)

Page 7
Camp Dawid
Three shortcomings
- Vajpayee
India has not Welco Ted i hc Camp David Accords. Any impression of Indian support is mistaken said External Affairs Minister, Mr. Atal Bihari Wajpaye.
In a telephone coversation
with President Cartcr, the Indian Prime Minister Mr. Moraji Dasai had catergorically stated that al I parties to the West Asiam confict should be "partners in agreeIII ent”.
Explaining the Indian position, Mr. Wajpayee said that the Camp David Accords suffe Ted fron three shortcomings:
(a) The question of Palestille is the core of the West Asia problem and unless the in alienable rights of the Palestinian pcople were restored including the right to return and set-up their national state, there could be no (no) first and lasting peace in the region. The scCond shortcoming was, Mr. Wajpayee Said, the Camp Dawid agreement was silent on the status of Jeruselem. Thirdly the Palestinian Libcration Organization has not been accepted as a representative body of Palestinian people. PLO had been fighting for their liberTation and has made immense sacrifices.
When he met the U. S. Secre tary of State Mr. Cyrus Wance in New York, Mr. Wajpayee said he had sought clarifications from him on these points. Mr. Wance Teplied that once the process was set in motion these problems will be tackled at the appropriate time, Mr. Wajpayee said that he also had talks on the Subject with the representatives of Syria, Jordan, Libya, and Egypt on the West Asia problem.
Pakistan
Reac
akis tam ha ! to the giri werk in Delhi of 200 Jaguar strike aircraft. Force. The Wh India over ten b British Пegotiat French sale hå outright purch: and the Test ti, under ierīc technology, Thi a range of החנאbs b | 10,000 1 1 1d 13 If Sound. The Jag thc (bsolescent and Hunter fig ait foTce fleet.
Though the manufacture is to affect the bala lice only Washington has while Pakistan 35, 24 The W *5 CC 1 have been ilo Peking and Mo Addres sing a near Pesha war, Furce chief Air Sharnim Said t added å **rew threat facing Pa "It does not ri of the area's gi that these aircr: Operated Elgainst
 

aaLLLCLYS lLlS LLTTT LL rGrL LkGLGLLLLL LLGLLL LL EEES
tion to 'Jaguar' deal
; reacted promptly sement signed l: 5t for the purch:15
deep picnetration by the Indian Ait le detall will cu 5 t illion Indian rupees. ors of this A nga - We agreed to the ise of 40 Jaguars d be made in India, With irported J TIE w Flircraft hels 700 mies, has a b) Eld Rild flies illcs fils cr than L1 års will replace Canbe ra bambers hters in the Indian
Actual delivery and so phased out as regional military in the 1980's, reacted negatively has read the news rity threat. There Colli Tents froll :Լ. Լիկի:
assing-out para de Pakistan's Air Marshal Anwar that the purchase dimension to the kistan''. He added: equire deep study eography to realise lft can only be
us...".
Criticising Pakistan's hů8 tile reaction and Washington's concern, Defence Minister Jagjivan Ram whosc in anc was dragged into a scandal Over likely occinmissions“ na cle by local agents, said that lIndial lh, il to be liv c to the fact that Clinn was currently negotia ting large-scale arms deals with the West and technology from US and European manufacturers. While domestic criticis II was centred on the financial outlay, thc real reasons for the purchase became cle:L r in the one year old đlchate among India's defence plainners.
The reasons are: (a) A plan to modernise the Indian Air Force. (b) An attempt to diversify sources of supply because India's military capabilities, though highly improved since the India - China war, are very much dependent om the USSR, (c) AImerica's reconciliation with China, and the comprehensive modernisation progTalm now on in China, which includes the armed forces. (d) Iran's growing challenge as a regional power and Iran's highly sophisticated military hardW: Te. (e) Indian suspicion that countries like Trail aid oil-rich Saudi Arabia, probably with US prodding, will equip Pakistan and
AT Indo - Pak hims race of the 1950)" s and 1960*'s kirild will be replayed in the 1980's. (s) Big
power Iivalry in the Indian Ocean.

Page 8
Bolivia:
hy Bolivia? Foreign Minis
LCT Hämeed's Choice Of country for a Latin American wisit scerns strange indeed, and the communique that ensulcd, (not to mention the publicity it received) surely ranks with U. N. Ambassador B. J. Fernando's visit to South Korea as a major diplomatic gaffe. Sri Lanka’s foreign policy and image wil hin thic non-aligned community would doubtlics s hawe becn much better servicd if her Foreign Minister had chosen a democratic country for his wisit to the Latin Americal
contincnt. Wenezuela, with its high prestige within the Third World and also its economic
importance would have been an ob wious choice. Columbia Costa Rica Werc other possible opins. If MinisticT HA TL1ęced Tellly yearned to visit a country under military rule why not a fairly benevolent one like Panama or Peru which play an assertive roll in the Third World?
Boliwia on the other hand is ruled by a fascist Junta, and is hardly the best Latin American
The path . . .
(Солrfлнеd from page 4)
brief a visit. But the London trip has been carefully planned. At the Nehru celebrations, Mrs. Gandhi will doubtless re-assert her own political legacies while returning to the international limelight.
With 29 candidates in the field some additional colour has been added to the confusion by the appearance of film star M.G.R. on Mrs. Gandhi's side, Earlier, a local Siwaji Gancs han resisted the government's blandishments to fight the former premier.
The constituency has over 600 000 voters. Opinion pollsters say that Mrs. Gandhi's fate (majority?) will depend on 125,000 "untouchableso, 120,000 Wokkaligas (a so-called depressed caste),85,000 plantation workers and 65,000 Muslims.
A free and
advertisement f Society. A III Tmie has repeatedly
Bolivil regie
brutal violation
Tights (source: A The Fashingro. contened of a Luthoritaria II produced politi cconomic grow of union frecdo' a Ell take of der
Meanwhile, Lh Ser Yative Lordo it 3 issue of July Bolivia's brief. flirtation with this yea T. ʻ*Bo ra. Im1 Ted GeTheT power” States til grčs on Lo say:
... ...'The cra vulcano 12.000 Andes is an in the filia IIc of democracy to f. into life. But f Bolivia's sky-hig Paz, during th cle Çit al Inew presi with the light b, doused list week
“In November, president, Genera had announced since he seized in 1971. The Fir Could get the c choice elected. civilian politician; paigning in the intimidation did soldiers had to They over-rigged
IÖT 'W' OES WET Lhere were wote army's candidate
Pe veda, to scrape mark. The counti electoral board de invalid on July 19t)

just society 2
r a free and just sty International denounced the for its gross and qaf basic human ... I yca'r book ”77). it Post receently 'the seven years Tilitary rule that cal stability and Et the cxpense m and the give 11 cracy."
o eminently conn Eff in - 29 co mrIcnt g (111 Carter-induced lemocracy carlier livia's a Tmy has al Peweda into : Econcrist, which
iler of a Spent feet up in the probable place for Latin American icker even briefly licker it did, in h capital of La 1 Ĉe ĈEl ImpELign tio den which ended cing pere Tiptorily
Bolivia's soldierl Hugo B: nzer, he first election JoWer in a coup my tlı rought it andidate of its But the country's s, bravely camteeth of army So Well Lihat the rig the results. Ebolut 50,000 * Countcil than is, allowing the General Juan past the 50% ry's independent !clared the result , But two days
countries etc).”
(GcInca ins
låte Pe veda Was talled in power by the army will-willy.
"Thic flame went out in Bolivia......
Local observers wonder whether Mr. Ha mecd’s visit like Mr. B. J. Fernando's is the latest manifestation of a new orgentation in Sri Lanka's foreign policy which dates back to Mr. Banda, ramaike’s trip to West Germany in 1975.
CORRECTION
A correction needs to be made in the article captioned "The WP's Conversion to Trotskyism' which appeared on page ll of the last issue of the Lanka Guardian (L. G. Well, 1, No. 12, Oct 151h |
78). The second paragraph in column 1 of page 1 should read as follows, from line 17 onwards:-
''The Moscow Decla. | ration of 1957 and 1960, taket) together with tlhe "Open Polemics', show that neo-colonialism was Wrongly perceived as a Incre disguise, a mere shift in tactics of old Colonialism. There was a failure o discern Lhe qualitativc developments which neo-colonialism eunt Hilcd (i. c. capitalist development in the periphery, enabling it to beCoInc the dominant Iuode of production; the national bourgeoisie becoming the Tuling class, becoming subject to the process of campradorefication and entering into symbiotic dependence with imperialism; rapid class differentiation in the peripheral societies; the phenomenon of neo-fascism in these

Page 9
Poetry
Song for a Palestinian Pas SG
If they had taken our land and not gloated in busloads
It would hawe sufficed
If they had taken our land and not sold it was for God's will
It would ha ye sufficed.
If they had divided our homes among thern and not said that
we did not exist
It would have sufficed. If they had dropped napalm and not repeated shalom st would have sufficed.
But they dvd als these things. How many the Cruelt es they have bestowed upon LS.
Who knows One
know One: one lost hurriedrid. Who knows Two?
know Two: two hands to hold a rifle, Who knows Three I know Three: three tanks against one stone, Who knows Four
know Four: four cities lost to us.
Four lost cities. Three tanks coming. Two hands only. One lost homeland.
Then came the panes That came from America That dropped napalm That burried our children That om te had Jwed
In our land Pau sestline.
Then came the young men That once were boys Then came the young women That once were girls Then came the young people That once were children That now are fighters That fight for their and of Palestine.

Dawe Wallis
' A Jordanian-Palestinian
Woman in England
-Terrible weather we're having. Our sky is always soggy, Where do you come from? Spain? No, I come from Jordan.
-Beg your pardon, Jordan? I don't understand. -I'm from thic hills of Jerusalem.
My country is ful of spendour and sunshire, -Yes, yes, Now I know, you're Jewish
A stab In the heart, Fatal and cruel.
You ask about a cloud, That came across my brow,
Filled my eyes with great distress, Good neighbour,
You've scraped The scab off my virusent wounds
Arid do rem frid me That come from the shattered land.
From the people Torr and dispersed,
Carried by the wind-here and there. Belonging to nowhere.
We deceive oursewes To think otherwise,
I'm Ilke the othersA woman without a land.
How did you corne to know, espite the smoke and fog,
That blurs of things In your country, And makes people see Only the things they wish to see.
Oxford-England [Frợm the "We'lụ đrữlo")

Page 10
| The horror machine
Cemetery
hç 5ystem that prograIlımes
the computer that alarns the balker who Llerts he ambassador who di les with tlie generall yw hÇ) surrors the president who ir for Is the Illinister who threating the im: naging director who liiates (he ringer Who shot 5 at the b5s who h1 TA55 es the white collar worker who despises the ill li: I worker who ill-treats his wife who its the clhild who kiks the dUg
In Urugu: y, the i quisit os have updatel Llle T115e l'E5. St T; Tlge mixture of the Middle Ages and the capitalist conc. pt. of business. The military don't burn books any incre: they sell them to the paper manufacturers. The paper Companies sli Ted the To, plu lp them End put them back into the Ilmarke for cohs Lu Imptiç n. lt, ’s mot true that Marx, Freud or Pilget HIC LL navailable to thic public. In thc form of books they're not. But they are in the form of servietics,
Argentina has been turned into a slaughterhouse. Technique for disappearance 3: there "a Te no prisoners whose release any (The can delaid IC 11:irty T5 to keep watch owe T. The death penalty was incorporated into the Pical Code in mid-1976, but people a Te killed every day without trial or sentence. In the Imajority of instances, there is To corpse. The dictatorships of Chile and Uru
guay have not been slow to initiate this highly successful procedure. A single di cath by fir
ing-squad can provoke a Worldwide scandal: with the thousands of disappcar cd pe{1ple there is always the conveniece of uncertailty. Family and friends go through the dat gero LLs Ind fu tille: search from pris con to pris cůT E Tici baTracks to barracks, while the bodies Tot in woods and rubbish tips. Men arc swallowed by the earth, the government washes its hards: there are no CriTA licts to
of w
The
Chile - an
'invisibl
in these col
report or expla na Each de Eld pers tities. II, tlie er is a fog of cEItainty in one":
The T1ıach1i1e t{ ever is a gaithst of thic Collil sy. irjustice is a cirill
all.
I all the CO machime. This co is the country: lotting was c, Elli empty of Inel.
Amyone who bel is a home for CW olit of the hile
The only thing prices. In our p; Adanı Sııı ith r Frced of inve of prices, frced thic greater the f ness, the more sored, Who has being innocent? crisis, don't libeI ser y tiwes, C. JE15 er Why do the cili and Countries W.J
A Millister of
UTLuguay: "Ille qua tribution of earnir Sawings.” But h that the fact of him. How can i served except by the electrode? " generalisations. C solve it.
The | ortilreT i! The director is They are armed they lose their j do it efficiently. more to it than

fords
e violence' in
Eduardo Galeanc
ano
Uruguay, Argentina and
imaginative condemnation of conditions Intries by an exiled Uruguayan writer.
tions 1U be given. L1 dies Scwerl ld, all th:L's left him Tror all Lui5 Soul.
a ches that whot is an The Illy T titl1մլII14:t he against filth Cr
un tTy, slys the Ili Celin l'a11O 1 1 Ç31. [1] P) his heap of
s great Wilsteland
ices his count Ty eryone is thrown
låt" fece are: art of the World, eeds Mussoli Ili. :stment, freedom in of exchange: reedom for busiJeople are impri
heard of wealth When ther: "S al ’ils bec{1IThe C(31– wa | fyes fascis! E "? rderers of people -rk fT "?
Final Ice said in lily in the disIgs is what creates e also admitted totu Te HUTTificd nequality be prethe weapon of The Right likes elealisations a b
s a functionary. 3 functionary. bureaucrats Eld ob if they don't There is no that. They are
not extra-ordinary monsters, We a Te It going to give thČIl lät distiI1 cLiq I1.
The machine harasses the youth; it jails, it tort LITe5, it k1 ils. They are the living proof of its illporLance. It throws then out: it sells them Els hur mån flesh, cheap labout foT foTeign countries.
The sterile machine hates everything that grows and moves. It's able only tu Ili Lil Liply prisons End celleieries. lt can only produce priş others a Tı d tci Tposes, spies and police Lleil, beggils and exiles,
Being young is a cilime. Reality commits it every day at dawn; so does history, re-born every morning,
That is why reality and his tory are prohibited.
Ill Uruguay & new prison opens Every In Urth. That's What ihe economists call the Development Play II.
But what about cages? In what official report OT oppositici document do the prisoners if feat figure? Fear of lasing oile's job, fear of mot finding Colle; fear of speaking, fear of hearing, fear of reading. In the country of silence, a brightless in the eyes can send one to a concentration callip. A functionary doesn’t ha vC to be sacked:
the iiwisible
it's sufficient to let him know that het CELIn be remo wel with Out notice and that he'll never get
aTother job. Censorship triumphs when every citizen becomes the in placable censor of his own words and üctic Ins.
Dictatorship makes its prisons from barracks, police stations, abandoned carriages, disused ships, And what it does with everyone's hou 5c, isn't that the same thing?

Page 11
Of cvery hundred children born aliwe in Chilė, eight die. Accident or Imli Tider. The criminals have the keys of the prisons.
Food is more expcnsive in Chile thal i 1 the USA. The lili Tull
wage is ten times lower. Taxidrivers in Santiago don't buy dollars froIII te u Tists any more:
they offer girls who'll make love in exchange for a meal.
The consumption of shoes in Uruguay has gone down five times in the last twenty years. In the last seven years, the cocısumption of milk in Montewidco has gone down by half.
How many arc the prisoners of mữttj ? Is a mall whu”8 CC1ldẹ:1m Iled to spend his life searching for work and food frce low many have their destiny branded on their facts from the day they enter the world and cry for the first time? How mathy are demied salt and sun?
The list of torturings, murders and disappearances does not exhaust the crimics of a dicta torship. The machine trains you to egois in and lies. Solidarity is a crine. Victory for the machine: people are afraid of speaking, of looking at eilch other. No-one is to meet anyone else. When someolc meets your eyes a Lld doesn't look away, you think:
"He's going to get me.' The manager says to the employce who was his friend: "I had to report you. They asked for lists. I had to give a name. Forgive mc, if you cara.”
Why doesn't murder of the soul by poisoning figure in the chronicle of violence?
Half a million Uruguayans out of the country. A milion Paragurayans, half a million Chileans. The ships sail full of young people escaping from prison, death of hunger. To be alive is da Ingerous: to think, a sin; to eat, a miracle.
But how many exiles are there inside the frontiers of their own countries? Where are the statistics that take count of those who are condemned to resignation and
silerice? Docs Worst crimes th
Dictatorship habit, a nachi. cleaf and dut listening, unab blind to what SICCI
The first dea torture, unie: in 1946 - a na! tenth death by t reported in the was accepted a:
The Imachie accept horror i that Uno gets ! in winter,
I search for that gave me (I ble,
She times I that joy is a treason, and th: the priwillege ol and frce.
That's When to Terle Liber by the local Huillca: “They smashed Lip even wanted to wipe haven't manged still alive : imma tters.''
All I think right. To be alii To be alive, wh of joy, despite the separations, testify to the different kind O
The task in cTeate a reål fa уоп't build th mado of shit. any use when came back brok
Joy needs mc suffering. Suff something we ha'
Extermination land of grass, : living plant, co" salt. After that of grass. To c ness, suppress i

(I hope commit än people do?
S.
infamy become ie that makes you b, incapable of e to speak, and is forbidden to be
h as a Tcsult of hed — in Brazil ional scandal. The rture was barely press. The fiftieth
"normal'.
teaches people to the same way ised to the cold
the enemy voice ders to bc misera
have the feeling
crime of high lt I'am guilty of still being alive
it does mc good What was said political leader came here. They the stones. They us (it. But thcy it, because we're Id that's what
that Huillica was
'c: a small victory. ich means capable the crines and So that exile can
possibility of a f country. ront of us is to :herland, and we 1 with bricks Would we be of we return if we ?" וחל
:e couragic i han
ring is after all e got used to.
plan: strip the lot up the last 2r the earth with bras e lhe memory lo Inis c consiciousto suppress it,
empty it of past. sign that there
tlıis land ollcr prisons and graves.
Wipe out any was anything in than sile (1cc,
Rememb. ring is prohibited.
There arc customs regulations for words, cemeteries for words.
Squads of prisoners are sent out at night to cover with white paint the words of proticst which in other times covered the walls of the city,
The rain's persistent washing begins to dissolve the white paint. And there appear, gradually, the Stubborn words.
(Translated by William Rowe.)
Whipping again ( Canľřriřeď fra??? Page f )
is considered so fundamental that it can bc altered only by a two thirds majority plus a referendum, According to CRM the "escape clause' in the Constitution preserving existing laws and punishments cannot affect the question as the 'cat', hawing been abolished by the Administrati III of Justice Law of 1973, is not a “for in of punishment recognized by any existing written law".
The CRM state incInt further criticises corporal punishment as barba ric aıld degrading to both the victim and the perpetrator: as unacceptable to any enlightened society; as incolipatible with Inodcrl theories of treat Innent of offenders; as contrary to numerous Declarations and Resolutions of the United Nations; as in derogation of Sri Lanka's international obligations, as forbidden by the Genewal Conventions; and as having been held illegal by the courts of the U. S. A. and most recently by the European Court of Human Rights at Strasbourg.
9

Page 12
Economics
Towards a new
D器 and discquilibria inhere in the very structures of a market ecolony. The collest between the ill creasingly social (or collective) nature of the productive progress and the private nature of appropriation of the fruits uf this very process, is a basic dichotony which characterizcs these structures. The consequeInt gap between productive capacity and purchasing power; increasing concett raion of we.il th resulting in sharp socia | polarization are further antinomies contained within market economies,
The very existence of the se dichotomies generate structural discqualibria. Crisis is thus intrinsic to the capitalist systein. Crises of 'overproduction' are the most frcq tent, Thus over production does not imply that the needs gf the people have becn wholly satisfied and thcre now cxists al glut of guds o węT and above those needs. Rathet it micals that the system produces goods that the mass of consuliners sirthply cannot a fford to pLITchase. Production them becomes unprofitable and there exists a surplus of unsold goods. At this point entrepresTheurs reduce output and somcimes even destroy goods. They also depress wage levels. However this in turn further impoverihes the people and tenders them even more unable to buy the goods they need, thus shrinking the market available for the absorbtion of goods produced. Quite clearly, it is a vicious circle.
The history of global capitalism reveals the following approximate periods of r cridis; 1840-1850. 870 - 1890, 1914-1948 and 1967 onwards. In this cant uty it is the three and a half decadcs from 1914 to 1949 that witnesssed grave instability within the capitalist system. Two World wars; revulutions in both the the world's largest as well as the world's most populous countries, leading to the emergence of a socialist camp; the breakup of the colonial system - all this
10
added up Lo tina ble loss.s for 1 These ph:nomen revolutiuns were and cause of th gripping Llac ccc Piliç of the Western period. The 195 or the * 60's sa w fortunes of W This was a time Society" (Galbrait of deology' (D: and Uther Such cruit) ble with thc boom. The dow, the mid-six lies, sewere recession : still shows no sigt up". In fact, t to a Ilcw Depres of that later,
How and why boom come to fundamental contr im markct economi magnific in the capital, that is imperialism con fu IndiaTinctal featu trends in postwar which contributed in the mid sixties, recession. While cInded with the socialist bach, ( ht saw the Witcnar Cuban poples II cout of tlhe iTTn per sharp shrinkage of Eccent Lited the tradictions of thic sy tanoously lesse nin dissipate, abscorb, structural tension: these contradictio
Furthermino Te, th embarked upon b contain Colm 11 seeds of the subs The rapid regener European (cspeci many) and Japa under U. S. auspi porarily successful

Arthika
Depression ?
cor and irrc vocalorld capitalism, of Wars and both consequence proufound crisis nic substructures ord during this l's and first half an upswing in orld c:1pitalism. of the AflucL h) and lic 'End Ilie Ball). These Imyths began to end of the long 15 Wing sit in by slipped into a |round 1973 altıl |s of “bottoning erything points
si Th — but T1 C) Tc:
did the long am end. ? Thc
adictions inherent lies are great ly era of IInonopoly , the age of pounding this Te WWETC. Cicerta41 world capitalis In to the onset, of the current World Wir II emegence of a post- wat period ise, Chinese and wing decisively alist orbit. This global capitalistı endogenous costem while simul; its cpacity to of t[arlsfer thc stemming from S.
very strategy the U. S. A. lo isin' carricci the quent recession. tion of Western lly West (Gerles è capitalism ies proved tem
in the context
of the cold-War. But when the trade, tariff, and currency 'was' broke: uut in tille late "č0's and early '70's it became clear that tlh: J. S. hail created, Ur ilt last resurrected, two Frankensteini nonst crs who have now pucccded to undermine American hegel (ny within the global capitalist hierarchy, the Icby unleashing centrifugal tendencics througlout Lhe entire western world economy.
The U. S. attempt to play global policennarı Find i 11 pose a "Pax Americana throughout the entire "Third World' resulted in expendilure of truly gargantuam proportions. Large scale "aid programs :ı indi massive Thilitary Elssistence to instal and prop up a yw cl ter of unpopular rightist des pols throughout the “Third World' proved a huge financial drain on the U. S. While the maintenance of a permanent "arms economy' had helped, in Keynesian fashion, to temporarily stablilize the U. S., economy, its profound disbenefits asserted themselves in the long TILL 1. Tille: Wietnam1 WAT yw lich like the korean, helped buoy the American cconomy in its initial stages, finally proved to be a tre Lenclous drain on the U. S. Thus what hal ac!ed as a tempo Tary br Elke o Tn the in evitable downs wing of world capitalis In subsequently pro ved to be a factoT which accelerated and intensified the lwn ward spiralling process.
While inflation is prescnt in some degree in any economy that lises money, it is a permanent and endogenous feature of capitalism in general and monopoly capitalism in particular. This apart, we have seen how J. S. in wolwe męlt in Indo-China, the Middle-East and other parts of thc "Third World' fuelled inflation. The Keynesian formula of artificially stimulating demand through static intervention in the productive process lost its usefulncss and became dysfunctional. In the context Key

Page 13
nesianist took the form of state contracts to the military and aero-space sectors which then expanded with the Limost rapidity and assumed enorinous proport tion within the American conomy. Surin a strong dermand emerged from the wety sector, which was not Thatched by the availablility of consuller goods. This therefore was yet another source of the high inflation which hit the U. S., signalling the cind of the upswing. The uneven development of capitalism which manifested itself in the regencration of the Japanese and Western economics and their re-emergencc as competitors of the U. S. also interpolated a new factor in to thc internecine conflict within the world capitalist economy. This latest manifestation of the law of uneven and spasmnodlic: deWeloprıhen t was mone other than the clergence in 1973 of the powerful OPEC grouping engaged in economic contention and collusion with the metropolitan centres. While the oil price hikers piled up the profits of the transnational oil companies, (mostly U. S. based), it simultaneously speeded up inflation and introduced further instability into the systell as a whole. The recession buriccd the faithful Keynes, who had served world capitalism so well for so long. Though it was really the entry into World War II that pulled the U.S. out
of the great Depression, the Keynesian model of state inter wention was used to "trade-off"
unemployment for inflation (and vice versa) and keep the system going. The '70's however saw a combination of high unemployed and inflation coupled with falling levels of production. It is this phenomend of slow growth or virtual stagnation, together with
high inflation which was dubbed
"stagnation'' mists.
by western econo
So far, the strat egy for rec, most serious of since the Depre
a failure. The has been ullab assigned role
recovery. Furth TRI LATERA L { achieved a degr among the US ẻ and Japan tյո ռ nomic and str succeeded in at LIri field strategy co-option aid C. vis the Third apprecial bly rectul lonci Hry cope three metropolit: competition is
tic J. S. elonor the US, the W system as it wh
Făr fron și тесоyeгy, all (h indicts exhibit t led prominent W to pose the quest list World econn new Depression? of accord, schol til T5 55 Spect TLu Til are be, that the answer
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Page 14
| Symposium
Which way for the
Vasudeva Nanayakkara was a
member of
and President of the Samasamaja Youth League Was taken into custody and held for one year
1971 Insurrection.
Expelled from the LSSP in
become the rallying point of the radical Samas formed the second Lanka Sama Samaja Party lasi
In an
Interview with the Lrk Guardsr, Was Ludé
kara discussed the issues facing the Left mowel
Q. Pould you say that the left CCCLGLGLLGL GLLE LLG LGLLL LL LLLLLL blow at the last elections?
A. In ou tward applcarance the Left in Sri Lanka is a defeated force without a single seat in parliament and splintered into scwefall fractions. Ordinary political t:[}|11Timt:11tätt, TS cũnte: Ild th:lt {1 511}} = stantial recovery-time is needed before it can become a viable national force and a crcdible political alternative again. Yet this ou tward appearance is superficial, misleading and incorrect.
Because, in the real balance of p() Wer between the social class:g and il reclation to the un resolwed confrontation still smouldering in the substratum of the social body, the political power of the working class and the other radica lised Sections of the population is far from defeated. The left, in this sense, his suffered no decisive defeat; the organised power of the Working class is still intact and it is this very question that occupies the centre of the political
tage,
2. To what do you attribute the electoral defeat?
A. Undoubtedly, one and a half decades of coalition politics caused the set-back and collapse of the established leadership.
(2. Hohwo do you wie Kv" the pos !
electia scene?
A. It is a society torn assunder by deep capitalist crisis whete the bourgeoisie is losing its Telative independence and becoming a slave of international finance capital.
(2. Fal da ra in IJze policies (Fra "e"7rror
A. There is in LJNP gvernment bitter chagrim, hals alre:Ndiy ceast wlie Milrl Fr transformed fron. The fic of Chil Brazil suo clearly truth JR., Prema bourge is leaders thic fice of the Ital development.
2. Pl’har fer пrgent reforms Freeds today?
A. The process ra til Carl be L carrying through Ina tir N:ll-tiel Cycra' mus 4 l Teilk the imperiallis III and to illustrialist a Seççıldı. We 111.15
ag TF1 ria F1 re: Williti: possible: the ilttinsi labour. Third, th arid repression of and cast minorii that of the Tamil. Illust be ended a of national unific Teal peoples-dem c tion achieved by transformation of Cornstit Li tiom and
Titl Te. Ti5, is lution means wh out, and only
government led b clas 5 çalı Ilıca 3 LITE tasks.
Q. To that dr. The preserif firmiad FYra y'errert ?

Left 2
Par l'arment s when he during the 1977 he has amajists who El December. swa Nanayak
St.
la 1'e 77tics frif of the presert
escape as JR's is finding l{J ils Yayınard Key Incs 2d to be a hope, led mill his becil L savio LL T to ficInici. c, II Irlinesial ::Hrı il I'll thit slly. In Els: and the other are bankrupt in questions of Tlaltio
do you see as the rlaaa Sr“ f Lfr7Ika
of national gencchieved only by certain essen li: l tic tasks, Firsk, wo sta inglehold of grasp the ability Ild trade freekly. carry out the n, thuis making we use of land Eılıçd het discrimination racial, Tcligious :ies, particularly -speaking people, ind the true bit sis til dalid. Four"| 1 cratic participaa revolutionary the state, the the educational what the Tev) - en it is spelt revolutionary ly the working : up to these
7 yr o'i gartrihare ry of the Left
In apprsition to the UNP golin Tent and distinct froll the SLFP and the Lited Left, FTht, ä, n 2 YY" I. eft nL1 Terrice:II t liiis , sprung up. Il combsistis pri
Ilarily a Anti-Soviet groups, Υμμ:ις ΡεrΙείίξει δαι Ειρίας, Castri hI:5eker"s Moist
grup, Sunningatha5ari's Albanian group, Nandal Elfa yw allan's . PDP t. Vasludi: Nnykr's LSP whilst bring part of the New Left, advances a different, inter
tiilist pisiti.
At a public lecture held in Clarly list IIIth Dr. Wickran:- buiu Karunaratne, the General SCL Tetą ry DLittlined tElcir positium. || li lis-sociates thenn from u the AntiSovietism of bith the Maoist gTOLps Ahd tille roll LSSP illud advances the slogan: unconditionally defend the workers' states. "The Wa 11 LSSP supports Inti – im TerialIst regimes such als Irma, Syria and Algeria and is prepared to York is a united front Pitl Peking lnd Moscow Trilog partie5.
They" fr: recçffe ffre dyr sy grafi đđrợrưfing a lyrööử Loft franư. As followers of Leun Trotsky they however campaign for a political revolution in the Soviet | linion and Chima, im order to | overthrow the bureaucracy in
роттег.
A. The Working class is undefeated but dullit Ledly it is momentarily confused, delioralised and le Ét de Tl:58.
- Hợi 14o o gol y se yo sig fho major con renders for lealership of the Left, the Nirrifred Lef Frar t and the Janatha Vinukthi Peraruria o
A. COf the available alternatives the old leadership, the so-called ULF, has sunk to the position of polite oppositioil cum loyal prop to JR's convertilal Social Democracy. Witness the Eppawala concidy in mid-air. The other alternative is the petty-bourgeois radicalism of the JWP, an admixtlu Te of ultrF-lestis II, a lack of faith in the working class and organisational Blanquism which in the end is the same thing, and an isolation from the concrete and living transitional struggles of the present conjuncture,
Q. PñVihar is rhe alferrnative oIYared by "ar par sy ?

Page 15
A. The revolutionary trend represented by the Lanka Sana Samaja Party with its new leadership is the only Ieal alternative. The government's policies are creating widespread discontent and explosive confrontations with the masses are on their Way. The government will be pushed towards nakcd Bonapartist dictatorship and the undermining of democracy. The new constitution is a step in this direction. The semi-official ust of thuggcry on university students and Bank strikers indicates the development of a fascist trend inside the UNP as well, Under these circumstances it is vitally imporlant to bring tgether all the forces of the Left and thc working class and move forward on a progranille of concretle action to owcrpower the UNP's dictatorial intentions and harsh cconomic policies,
Such a United Front tactic call capture the leadership of the mass now gment and move towards a Inighty hartal combining a general strike with struggles of all thic other oppressed sections of society. A lass II Oweet to third W olt the UNP is developing rapidly and spontaneously among the people but it has to be led and coordinated towards a genuine workers and peasants government. It is in this light that the building of the LSSP as a tvolutionary party assumes its clearest purpose.
2. What is your affiride to the demand advanced by the TULF for a separate state called Eelani :
A. We stand for the right of selfdetermination for minority nationalities. We shall always stand by this right and fight to defend it
While recognising the TULF as a national democratic movement. we characterise its leadership as being reactionary,
Now. Whether we accept the demand for a scpara te statc as our slogan depends on the concrete situation - that is the Marxist - Leninist position. It depends on whether it helps the struggle of the working class in the north and south to move forward to capture state powct, We do not think that at this juncture in history
The acting
Ene Presidici
ward clic, l India and Nep bcing asked in whether the c. sion stipulak ting of an acting observed. The c for the il ppt vir the non-appoint President. The clearly provide; ment of the Pr in the Presider fact that this is tends to CEllis C Iwer Lihc estin Minister in the gues and that are opposed to purely political on his qualific The slight that ject to we regi undescrwed.
Who is ruir economy?
t has been a
government 1 strikes in the owns two third economy. The
as responsible
a separate stå te Working class We think it is class right now with the slogan cate it in Oll the final anal decision of sect left to the TaI Sclwes. O
 

President
t, Mr. J.R. Jaye:l'ocs toII ()TTOW fur al. A question no W political circles is Institutional provithe appointinent President will be Institution provides till:11 as Well as ment of an acting constitution also for the appointime Minister to act it's absence. Yet the Ilot being followed certain doubts and lation of the Prime cycs of his colleaof the people. We | Mr. Premada sa on grounds and not sations or his ability. he has been subard as something
ning the
nounced that the as decided to ban Jublic scctor which s of the country's President, as well abilet Ministers,
will benefit the struggle. Bęcause detrimental to the we do not agree not do we advo" prograntne. In "sis however thc cssion should be nil people them
have said that the youth of the county has not voted the UNP into powcr to allow strikes to bc called by either the LSSP or the CP. If as is being said the state owns two thirds of the country's economy the workers have a right to ask what steps have been taken to protect this scctor. Far from protecting the public sector the steps that have bicen tak cn so far have becil towards fattening the private sector and slow strangulation of the public sector. It is clear Lina t tlc two-thirds o Wre Ilship spoken of belongs to a handfull of muda lalis.
இL
Vidyalankara fun
he President of the Widyalan
kara Campus has introduced a stra lige regula Lion con inviting political leaders to address students. A closer inspection reveals how low the status of universitics has fallen under the UNP. The biggest joke is that the directive issued by the Campus President lays down that the Campus President will decide what quicstions thic students should or should not ask from visiting lecturer politicians. This restricts the raising of certain types of questions. No doubt, there are difficult quicstions. For instance, why was a butcher choscn to hand to the leader the silwer plough used at the Wap Magul ceremony ? Or, how Inuch was the commission on the Trincomalee flour mill? And why was the Presidential award given to Manikka Aratchie. It is difficult, no doubt, to answer these quicstions. But students should have the right to ask?
13

Page 16
Politics
JVP after “self - criticis
he first sigils of Wije Weera's
CO1-Wession I J TTutsky is 111 were not lung in coming. In his 1973 speech to the CJC, Wijk Weera Espoused the theory of Permane Revolution, and also said that his hither Lo held view of Trotskyism as an objectively counter. Tevolutionary ideology Was Wrong. 1974 sil Wa message of feliciation and th. Inko signed by the JWP leader and tw) others, reach ha Unified Secretiria of the Atlı II Crillatinäll i". Pa Tis. Far more substintive and conclusive indicators were the two eligthy articles writte II by Wijęweera on the world communist movement, entitei ** Wilher China" ? Id *“PT|- tarian Interiāli tallis I or ()[Pp][Tt] - mismı ?””. both of which went falt beyoid a necessary and entirely justifiable criticism of China's foreign policy, to an impeccably Trotskyite analysis of Chinese society. the Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist party, Though these articles were circulated internally (within the jails), by 1976 Tevolutionary circles throughout the country were well aware of Rohani Wijewcera's coilversion to, or adoption by, Trotskyism.
A11 this was fully Çobıl firnlı ed when the JWP was legalized and began full ctioning openly once Tmore early läst year'. Regis Dcbry, when he was still a revulutionary Marxist, 1 ce said somewhere that two minutes ciri weTs Al tio II will anyone would suffice to reveal thc Trotskyite im llim. The sa me Tulo of til Lilbo Epplies to the JWP's public speeches and multifarious publications, ranging from its self - criticism (which, is more 'self" thal 'criticism') to the issues of its parly organ "Niyamu wa (Helmsmän), and other booklets. The drearily falhiliar it any delivered in the custo Inary Shrill monotony is omnipresenti:---
The very historical validity of the concepts of the two stage cwolution and its colonial Epplication
14
the New Democ National De Iluc U-Ince acceptel b! is denic, and
char: ctcrise: Mfalaisilo ur *opet C xistence a lly Wilhe :: L EL ll of a pi
of thı: El tio? Ell
colonics is also possibility of an section withil El is del uuced as collaborationism' evær af an arti i or anti Fascist rejected as "ball cma nating from | Congress in 19 add, tlhe possibi socillis 11 il 11e cII phatically leg dcfirmed as ‘post II while Maoist cariated as being Meishevik... Col. I crld Willil the If weTheint,. M, characterised as abando ning En fly out of TI Inisinterpreting
The 5th Comin 1924 Eld he 1928 չլr:: hr:ET prolellarian int fuwu Lr of latio 1 'substitution of place of Lenini fluit of moder the other hand, Congress of KTushchev are "positive feature st: el CIS ET
party organ N Self Criticism". JWP issues in the 50 h 1 niver 5 Revolution in F (ther publicatio Wijeweera's “Pri tiопalism от О recently made Ta rice, cha Tact Chili and Othe

Ch|staka
im'
ratic or People's : Eltic Revolution, | tlhe WP itself, the concepts are S “Mc 15hıevik — y burgeois.” THle e at any Little 'ogressive section bourgeoisie in the denied and "the El li: 1 ce wit la tila [ multiclass bloc *Menslı Evik Clil 55 Aly idea W1:htill perialist United Popular Front is kTupt Mén5hev isim :he 7th Coimintern 35', Needless to ility of building Coll I ry is fløst a ted. Stalinism is len in Menshevism, is in cricilessly exEl "bourgeois (sic) .. Iпteг геvolutioпагу woI lid proletariam st regimes are 'Bonapariist' thus els except i II il otsky’s Tulle and th.c phencame on in the periphery. ter. C.) Ingress if 6th Congress of Els “betray:lls of eTra Libralism i Ti :: | Spliti3th", tlh: Menshevism in m." And the very Il T. Wisionis. Ol the 20th and 21st (CPSU T SCell Els having s". All of these dctive from tle iyi muva" a İnd the The bok let : COTT mer Th Fail of iary of the October Russia as well as Its including Mr. toletarian InteT mapportunism' which its public appearised the USSR, T 5Ocial ist contries
itycluding Albania, as "degenerated work C:rs sit: tes ruled by al lui Lu Tealcr:Li: Strat;"| alid à Tę said to be in dire negli of a political revolution'. The acknowledge lent that Cuba is a socialist state (as opposed to a 'degener:llel workers State) is the sole, if welcome concession to reality alli is cntirely due to the impact and tremier 1 do Las prestige
of tEllis c1 1. list pl. y.
The cror of olission is a glaririgly cvident als that of commission. Tilcre is no criticism of TrotskyisTM, in sharp contra distinctio til Lo the u ninterrupted bToŁAdside against Stalinism and Maois n1. A vituperative 3 pa Tt il tack UT1
the Lanka Sarma. Sa Thalja P.L. 1Y published in "Niyamuva' makes absolutely no mention at all of
its Tritskyite past. There is how
ever i Vaguely for11ulated biut vigo Tously prclair Ted 15sCrtical till t Lihct WP is “Let Iliris" lind “mon - Trotskyile". Wher pre5sed,
upper echelon JWP - ers state in priva te that they differ from Trotsky on the questions of El) the structure of the revolutionary party (b) the lethod of armed struggle, and (c) the peasantry, but remain silent when Temiticled Lhat (1) Tritsky him Self a tcr accepted the Leninist conception if the party (b) it is thcotetically in possible for once to implicitly accept the thesis of permanent revolution and Teject the twin concepts of 2 state revolutionsocialism in ole country, while simultaneously rejecting the Trotskyic view of the peasantry's role and potential in the democratic revolution. In any event these “ctiticisms” and deviations a Te well Willin the Orbit of the Earlest Mandel Wing's fashionable neoTrotskyism. The key Trotskyist theses on the Pelalent RCWlution. Socialism in OThe country etc are acccepted and proportioned by the JWP - without duc acknowledgerment to Trotsky however.
Until recently the adjective "Trotskyite had been used to describe the JWP by the Stalinist and Maoist groups in the rewolutionary Left. But of late,

Page 17
impeccably Trotskyite voices them
selves have jained the chorus. T. Andi adi, a bright you lig thcoretician and polenticist of Mr. Edmund Sana rakkudy's group
which is affiliated to the Sparlacist League faction of the world Trotskyite in ovement, has openly called ut po il the JWP to take a public stand on Trotskyism and the Fourth International. In a widely read polemical pamphlet entitled "Son: ruestions for the JWP 10 answer", Mr. Andradi challenged the JWP leadership to prove that the mail planks of their new th coretica | pl.: feoTnn are: not directly appropriated from that of the late Comrade Leon Trotsky. Mr. Wijeweera will be hard put to pick up that particular gauntlet.
At other important fact remains to be incintuned. The JWP which exists today. is in actuality, increly the Wijeweera faction of the original party. While a considerable scction of the old cadres have simply quit politics, and yet another segment has joined openly bourgeois UN PYSLFP or the reformist - rewi. sinist parties, the vast majority of ex JWP-ers still within the revolutionary fold are anti-Wije. Weera While only 3 of the 4 who appeared before the first Criminal Justice Commission trial remain with the official JWP today, Most of the old Politburo membes, District organizers and tl e militants who saw armed action in 1971 including those who were on the run for years, with munificient bounties on their head) have irrevocably broken with their former jefe maximo" and quite a few of them are presently բrtյլIped in a loose organisation known as the 'lalatha Sangamaya' (Peoples League). The original ruptue occured owing to Wijeweera's conduct at the trial where they alleged that he attempted to "pass the buck' to his lieutenants. The gap thus created, widcned over the Wijeweera faction's refusal to engagic im a gen Line Self -- Criticism of the movement's pilst policies and practice including the 1971 insurrection. Instead of апу such self-criticism, the pro - Wijcwcera group, then in a majority within the prison camps, are said to ha ve indulged in physical intimidation against their critics.
By 1976 llawever the plane of al II ti - WijeweeTa 1h Lir erst whis Ig kyite line. The of basic Marxist. Slich as the Tw tion and 'Snciali. WCTe Lhe lub cy El positive spin - debate Was that II. (tivited to re basic texts of M the latter heing neglected by the ship of the Old yCars of exist Enc W PeT which tok in the 1971 upri on the run in the j 3 years in jail a Was also torture. that period) said ycärs of par Totin Marxist cliches at it was only in ja Trad The Coil L Tid Lunderstood the term “proleta; that I realized t fa T from being TITOWOC ilment, :a.Id ir the very fount of The Tc is no cy that any really it tive in-depth an and global pheno within the jails - pity indeed,
ThLJgli rast e; this comrade are b towards the newly League, il does in analysis, provide : native since they within a false pTc of Maoism. The the JWP into the Wije weera wings Corresponds to i Along the lines Moisi. Thc str. of the former an

the debate reached deology with the action, comba 1 ting "ädler’s The Q - Trots. historical validity - Lérinist concepts I - S Lage Rewolusm in one country' f the debate, and off effect of his both fictions were ad and translate arxism - Leninism, a task criminally Anglicized leaderLeft ill their 40 te. As a Il ex - anı alıctive p:ı rt sing, spent a year Li l gle, languis Feed fter capture (and 3 times during "After saveral g Wulgar quasi5 a fulltime cadre, il llat I first Lunist Manifeso" the meaning of riat". It was then Bt the JWP was a ple: ari: !cognised this as all our errors." viclence however, independent, creaalysis of local n1C1hä, t. (bok pl: ce which is a great
K JWPets such as asically oriented formed Peoples Ot, in the final gen Luine alterto) operate blem i. e. that polarisation of *pTo" and "; Titi' thus roughly t8 Plation of Trolskyismile metaphysics i the (rabidly
anti-Soviet and Sino centric) outdated simplisticisms of the later. leave a gigantic void to be fill cd in the ranks of Sri Lanka's revolutionary Left. Many young militants seem to think that this yi İd filled only by a political line which carries forward
preeIubryonic
CEIl be
the positive aspect of thc 1971 JWP, (i. e. its understanding concerning the present phase of the Sri Lankan revolution and thc changed role of the national bourgeoisie in the contemporary neocolonial context), structures itself very firmly on thc working class and poor peasantry (rather than the petty bourgeoisie youth) while adopting a mature, realistic, yet independent position vis-a-vis the socialist camp and the world revolutionary movement. Only a conceptual approach which takes as its point of departure the orthodox and rigorous theoretical tradition of the and Cominform, while also critically assimilating the provided by the development of "neo-Marxists' analysis in the past 25 years (especially in the field of Political Economy) will enable Sri Lankan revolutionaries to avoid all right and left' petit bourgeois
Comintern
insights
deviations and formula te such a
whiclı çåT grapple with the real problematic
c0Trect political line
of anti-imperialist, antifascist and anti-capitalist revolution in the context of an underdeveloped dependert capitalist reality which
peTipheral economic formation,
dollinates a socio –
( Reproduced from the "Ecotoric and Palitical Weekly of India'. The first part of fris earr felle appeared i'r tre La Tika
frr:Traff? cf (Orcher 5}.
15

Page 18
Trade unions tod
by H. A. Seneviratne
Arrorley-at-law. Till recelery Assistart Secretary, Cli)
he inability of the existing
leadership of the organised working class to lead the Tarik and file into actio El in the current situation was revealed by the 'postponement' of the proposed token general strike of Sep. tember 28, 1978. It was indeed a patthe, ic - display af des pe Talitičðl, miscalculation and helplessness oil the part of th: present leadership of the working class. It has resulted in the government take" ing the upper hand against the rights of the working class isslf.
The govern Ilent did betray sign of fear of the workig class trying to assert itself despite is decident te:dership. Th:lt is why the gover II Tmint declared that every worker who did not report for work on September 28 will be deemed to have vacated his post. The lack of interes L a IT og the working class in the strike was quite obvious from the time the strike decision was announced by the Joint Council of Tilde Unions Action Committee. But sill the government was afraid. It announced that the proposed action was a political strike and that p glitical strikes will not be tolerated. It said that politicials should not dabble in trade union work. But at the sa me til mĈ it was trying hard to strengthen its own traids union-the Jatika Sewaka Sanganaya!
The psychological Warfare colducted by the government-as the commentator of this journal säild in its October 1st issue-will ill itself be a training for the Working class for its future struggles. Marx himself'' (together With Engels) said Lihat "“The biurgeoisic itself ..... supplies the proletariat with its ow; clements of political and gencial education, in other words, it furnishts the proletariat with weapons for fighting the bourgeoisie.”
(Manifesto of the Communist Party)
15
But as things Lauka tojay, it tiu lihat the TC W long lull be fictic ing class strugg September 28, ent of a decliili tant trade li mill country. It ills0 lete recession Of trade 11nium stru: next wave begins
As to how lic) st to 1158 i W-1 depend on Lle Ceylonese Wikir late Lille mill c: xi to face i 1: 1: W situatic in wiil, a committed leal. the struggle biti" the Lloy H. Skr bl. ging in all - SI politica, šocial going to take pl: of tra de Ll Fili5 trad.: Linionis 11 i politics, and kin be particularly (due to the falc ing class will h political decisi) Iuuent to pl: CC
burdens on the ሰf [1ነ5 dùነWT] – this struggle wi struggle tD{}.
has to take pl of defeat for a working class, dicts. The un sa ment on the standards of t in particula T, general, will se vete precisely fact. The id political leader: left CalT1 ICWer situation and 1 of the Working - Out struggle a Therefore, the birth thf ii Int", be a life and the WurkiIng cl:

ау
stad ill. Si i is almost cervill be a pre Lty any Teil wirkc: takcs place. 978 Ilmarks Llc ig era of nmiliactivity in this 11ą: ks. tle Comp
one Way: of ggles before the
ing it will take
Fe tu emerge: will capacity of the g class to assimistric:lce and learn and d: 1gerous new säild genuirnely "rship . In slı cort, ween the cold and gle that is emerheres-Colonic, and cultural —is :Ice in the field In as Well. Since is collected with ce it is going to it in the future I that the workave to fight the is of the governmorc and Tc
m1 a Thdi the Test t Todden masses), | Boc a political
that this struggle |ce in a period nel betrayal of thc hi Ilks to its caIght of the governights and living e Working class |d the m1155 es in e all the lure because of this trale union and of the so-called face up to this | lister the forces class for an all | inst these attacks, struggle for the leadership will :lth struggle for S.
Our werking class mever had a
leadership that understood thcl. IL had a few 'tilisi' leaders who used the Til for their o Wh ends and - course, 5th II, henchInleil will bli ndiy fullu wcd these lcalders. Nu w i he working class has complete distrus in theseleaders and helich mcil. Dialectically speaking, this distrust is a mutual one he "elitis' leaders who came fruit the English educated middle or upper-middle Class Without any prope ruots in this country, or in any country for that Inatter, could me var ha ve LunderstÇoçi ou T working class. This fact becomes obvious whell onc considers the conplete bureaucratic coil trol these leaders :Xtrcisco (wer their members End the wenngu5 distrust with which they locked uporn even an incipient foration of a new leadership. Th:y tried and succeeded for many years, through their bureall critic tipparatus, to become indispensable" to the working class.
Precisely because these decadent leaders had not helped to build an intelligent and tested working class leadership, the woking class cam not jus 1 push them aside i Ilı a hurry, however much they have become a brake on the Working class movement. But the working class cannot keep tilhem for long either, without jsc pardising is own position. These leaders will, however, try to hang on to the bitle I end, for they know that they cannot otherwise cnjoy their privileged positions or try to enhance their privileged positions by sell-cuts and betrayals.
Sri Lanka has a rather disgraceful listory of the Working class baing betrayed by its leaders, The late A. E. Goomasinghe, cinc of the earlier ||caders of the labout mowclient, joined the UNP government in 1947. The late Philip Gunawardena, a professed Marxist, unlike Goonasinghe. joined the M. E. P. gavernment led by S. W. R. D. Bandar anaike i 1965. Then he joined the U.N.P. government led by Dudley Senana yake in 1964, the professed Marxist leaders of the L. S. S. Pthe N. M. Регегаs - joined the S. L. F. P. government led by Siri

Page 19
Imavo Banda Tanaike (hawing broken the United Left. Front of the L. S. S. P, thc M. E. P. of Philip Gunawardena, and the C. P.) In 1970 the L. S. S. P leaders along with thic C. P. leaders like Pieter Kcuneman, joined the United Front gover'ıtment led by Sirimav'ın Banda Tanai ke and becamt notorious for their heimous Tole in the mass Timurder of youths in the 1971 insurrection and the brica king of strikcs
such as the Bank Strike. There cre one or two lesser leaders "ho did not follow the class
collaborationist line of the I.S.S.P. und the C. P. But these were even worse than the others in respect of their bureaucratic methods and internecine warfare.
By collaborating with bourgeois governments, political leaders who were also in control of the major sections of the organised Working class of this country, paved the way for workers i hemselves mot only to collaborate but also to became members of trade unions set լր by the two bourgeois parties that conne to power from time to time. This was particularly so in state corporations and C)WE TIlment departments where direct Pressur: of governments Vas nost felt. Thus when the S. L. F. P. Wils in power the In embership of the SLFP-controlled union Swelled and it was so when the U. N. P. was in power. There is also a large number of employees WhÒ a te mot members of any union. The fact that the number of such employees is considerable and is increasing does not Illէ:El II that they have no problems as workers. It means that they have no faith in trade unions as they function today.
In this situation, the g(Wirthment's direct attacks on the living standards of the masses and the attack, both subtle and direct, on democratic rights will continue
with greater inte pose a challenge politicall a I d tira They have realis is done in time But Le fact is
do unyt Eliing. TE to their own tra
In August 1953 g,0Wicr Ilir 11 cilt incrc the Incasure of rail other subsidi clas s reac[e:ci sha
T10lls hartal, whi the liIIllis la id leaders. Under the Working class dormalit today. Cherous imtent ar of the leaders w, The token general Luary 20, 197ó an g0 WT111: It servic. ber 1977 took F dem: Tnds and to w the låst governir office. These str in spite of the they were sympto ders had become a lewer of workir gles. The working pared any longer sively un til this removed. In any, Working class is El show down in th fast declining Ji their decadclit le thrown overboard of trial and error with the simultanec of A new left poli COf the working clas
The "postponed' strike of Septem El Pears to be tal this process.

: Insity. This will : to the existing de union leadcrs led that if not lig they are duomed. thụt they cannợt lis is duc mainly achery,
When the LJ, N.P. ased thc price of rice and cut sewe2s, the working Tpolly will tlle filch went beyond dCW by these WY'0 TS3 CK) dit is
appears to bic In 1953 the tretld the incapacity E3 yet unexposed il strike of Febrthe railway and ! Strikc of DiccemPlace oil limited 'ards thic end of It's t if ikes took place :aders. In fact ls that the caa b Take and mot g cllŠs strugclass is not preİ0 til CW djde:ld Weight is Case, Cw&n if tElic lished, towards ië suture, duc te ving standards, Elders will he and a process Will cominence us development tical propellant iš
token general ber 28, 1978 o begin ning of
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17

Page 20
Education
The idea
E3E" with Cardinal Newnian's classic, a whole lost of books hawe beel W. TiltC1 1 Un what constitutes a University. But for all the awa Terness of their exisi encc that olur educationist5 and would be reformers of University education manifest, they might have been witten in the Linear B. form of the Minoan script. These volumes not only record the change that the concept of university had undergone through out the centuries, but also reveal the remarkable fact that the ideals that universities strive to a cluicyct havet; 5 Lur Wived thic clerical and Il triarchical interference in the medicval ages and thic far greater th Teat posed by the technological explosion and economic pressures of modern times which seck to make the satisfaction of Inanpower needs of a technological society, the primary, if not the sole-aim of a university.
At this stage of the temper of our country, when the state is pre-occupied, almost to the point of obsession, with economic developnicn through "re-allocation of all resources,' hecdless of social consequences, nothing could be Incirc futile than to attempt to spell out what the ideals which guide a university aft in such abstract terms, like "academic freedom, disinterested Scholarship, pursuit of knowledge for its own sake or thc unending quest by the spirit and mind of Tan'. What I propose to do therefore, is to examine in some detail, how the traditional concept of a university has not only been preserved in the most technologically-oriented culturcs like those of the United Kingdom and the United States, despite the attack on it on several fronts, but has led to an expansion of universities with a greater emphasis on these self same ideals.
It is well known that the universities of Great Britain contri
18
of a
bu ( ci ili Ilo 511 Elll ! the successful c. World Wa consequence of th lInduls, 1 fics El 1 di BLI icuk to uniwe Tsilit of highly train cquipped intellige The country Iced such IIlei, if it w the technological survive as an indl in a rapidly c Captains of idlis' mET were reld universities, pro Wii with practical II technological Soci it was asserted. the luxury of "disi ship."
On the other h; attitude of uni" about by the pTC has been hell to lying reason fol Timalaise of the si in the States. Re! c) Il missi l l l Inance” (1968) issu has pinpointed til some treT:cluant II degeneration of Li the period when bogged down in Waj:11 ] " Fård mFlny students dissatisfı iction wi" since it providcs knowledge and I personnel require logical and scie Such discontent sity's a triosphere cha Tacteris Lics (c) The acquisition o has oftcil been 5 education of per supplementing it I most i 11:LT Wello 115 i Imal dignity-El cl inquiring a 1hdi sh brought togethe To being lehum tion tends to us

Lleasure, towards inpletion of the . r. A nati Lu Tal is was that both sin CSS canlıue to 's for thc supply ed, techinically ıt yolung Tile 1). ed In a TI Iny of as to copic with
explosion and 15 rial lized nation hanging world, try and Businesso to ili west in ided they dealt Tobills of a ety; - the country could not afford Interested Schol T
and, this changed jersities brought :ssure of eventi, be the underthe student xties, particularly 1ort of “the study li liversity Gowered frem Berkeley is fact and has emarks on the niversities during the rebublic was the quagmire of with this crisis, express intense h the university much of thc lost of trained i by the technointific society..., with the unicreproduces the the society... specialized skills bsituted for the ons, instead of So Ine of the xpressions of huvities of learning, lTing whiclı are in education - mized: “InstruçIp the place of
University
E. H. de Awis
ا---------
inquiry; specialized training gradual y commences, at evel :: Irlier stages of education... the result is that instead of the was m h Hind cordiality, which are natu Tal accompaniments of learning, Telationships tend to be remote, fugitivic and waguely Sullen'”
While Technological trailing is essential for the developillent of a country, higher education inplies a grcat del 1ore tha I. Such tra ining and a university nore than a collectic of professiuinal schools, Ellicationists in England sought to Iesulve the dileTIns in a way th: t is characteristically Englislı, Wilc: they created a network of Poly-technics and higher TethInclogical institutes with powers to grant degrees a group of a Ie w liber: l a ts and sciences universj Lics caume into being in the sixtics, after a decade of planning and building. They were set in a rural envirolinent away froll Industrial owns.
The assumption underlying the concept of these new universitics is that if you a Tc going to produlce educated Ten they must have bcen initiated into the whole complex of cultura | traditions, learning sub-consciously a whole hire rachy of value-judgements. The problem that exercises the minds of wice - chancellors and presidents is how to presert to the young student a panoramic view of mankind's wast intellcoctual heritalge so hat he may find his bearings in the exciting world of learning and participate as far as his abilities permit, in the adventure of ideas, Disciplines, where the process of learning itself brings its own Teward a tid mental satisfaction, form the foundation of such education. The foundati course of Keele university will perhaps give the reader some idea of what educationists, who can resist pressures, political or economic consider as the essential basis on which a

Page 21
university education must be reared. It consists of (a) the main thread in which the general development of the earth and of human progress is traCed from the ellergence of life through the ancient civilization to the present day. (b) A discursive treatment with specific lectures on particular problems and deviclopments bearing on the rights and dulies of man (c) periodic lectures on recurrent topics - philosophical questions, idea of nature, the creative arts, social changes (d) Discussion groups on the main lecture course - humanities, social sciences and natural science.
This same humanistic approach in curriculum and method is the dominant feature of practically a the new campuses opencd by the existing universities in the U.S.A. Although some of the older uniVersities cil me to be overshadowed by its professional Schools, Inost of them are guided by the traditional idcals and values. The prestigious Princeton Univer. sity ... for instance, “has no professional schools for utilitarian ends except for its school of Engineering and possibly the school of Archi tecture. It has been clearly laid doWr that it should uphold pure learning and in devoting itself to liberal aspects of those studies which underlic and broaden professional and technical education'
These concrete instances should
give body and substance to the abstract notions which, earlier I was reluctant to spell out
PllrSlit of knowledge for its own Sake, disinterested Schola Tship etc. It is these that mark out a uniYersity Els a unique institution istinct from a congeries of professional schools. We need doctors to man our hospitals and engineers to build bridges and dams but a democracy needs another type of men as its administra tors, teachers journalists, poets and writers so that they may Tais e the cultura and educational levels of a nation as a whole. Such men are the little leaven that leaveneth the whole lunp.
The curriculur Versity, however is of little avail one aspect of that is intended in its effect. Su he irnparted in Tarih:Tıt that is ni but also relieves Š! Fess and wari living. A student but if his mind by thc conscious rifice that his p lil IPO Il t ) 1ml ke: il tai[1 hin] in tiu Cå blot hope tu Llic intclleci: | c university offers.
It im Lust mot hc that the sole pu in a university subsidized board
1CCdy sluIdents. ] ill (cgral part of Community of int the comrTunal lis Opport Luinities it p eraldication of ag judicios, contribut degree to the cdui. from among whic choose its future fields. A detail inquiry into resid education was un by Joan Brother Hatch. Their repk quoted with appr. on higher educati Spal C here fir I graph only.
"In other word tool of higher e particularly usefu zing .. the sys 1em; institutions fec sin
the individual to With the T Flind ca. cipaling and for
Scope of higher edu indeed be the cas IIlost useful inst pштposes"".
But residential and di lirror the Society as a whol in times of social u plea vel. The violcr in the universitics has already been al
ויזם !rerוזirוזrיCE)

n alone of a ulti
Well conceived for it is only higher education
to be liberalizing ch education must El physical eliQt Lily congenia
lle mind of the es uf ew cry day : Inlay be gifted is weighed down Iles 5 of the sacT€115 Are calčd In Cor d:r to mainE Lu 1niversity, he mleet adequa Lely hallenge that a
Wever, be thought TP) se of Tesidence is to provide and lodging to Re:siderce is ar
tl. Thiversity. Thic crest it generates, e it fosters, the Irvides for tlc clong tribal preé in no smal a lion of students in society will leaders in diverse tid sociological ence in higher dCT ta kien ir 1971 s ind Stephen rt is extensively C)Wall by writers Il. I have but e relevant para
5, residence is a 'ducation, It is for hamanifor making large 1all enough for
feel identified Pable of partiwidening the cation. It may : that it is the II neTIt for the
Ll liversities can mood of the C. particularly ii End icconomic Ce that erupted of the U.S.A. Lided to. When
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Page 22
Private view
Sorry, please
hat is what Mr. Fow zie, the
former Mayor of Colombo, is reported to ha we sÇ'Ta wled on a memorandum from the Municipal Commissioner recoil Imending S(me course of action which the Mayor did not favour. The two Words 'sorry" and “please", if a musi Ing used in this context, are remarkable as being wir i lually unu sed by the Great Bureaucracy in dealing with members of the public. In fact, being a bureaucrat is never hawing tro say you’re sorry", Consider the following "Notice to the Pub]ic' pu l out by the Distribution Manager of the Stilte Distilleries Corporation:
Due to the un satisfictory Supply of bot (les this Corporation is short of bottles and it has been decided to call for replacements with immediate cffect for higher priced varieties of arrack such as Old Sceduwa, Wey Special Old Arrack (WSOA). Doubled Distilled Arrack and any other varieties which have been sold hither to without calling for replacements. Renters and Foreign Liquor licensees will also be requested to surrender empties when they purch: se the above warieties.'
The SDC has an unexpected shortage of bottles; it is not the fault of its customers but rather of the management of the CorpoTation itself. But is the Corporation apologetic about it? Not at all, The Distribution Manager merely decrees that customers will, in future, surrender empties take it or leave it. Just considet what a private sector business having Dimilar bad news for its Customers would ha ye done. Its motice to its costomers would: 1. Clearly cxplain how the trouble arose and say how long it is likely to last; 2. give an assurance that every effort would be made to redy thic situation as soom Ea s possible; and 3. apologise to its customers for thic inconvenience caused. A private sector distribution manager
20
Whû Eiddressed hi in the langl.: g: SDC Wild Ilot
The public is boorish 11e5S by most peoplc [. anything objcctic of tice th th State Corporatic jolly well would a private sector 15 lit. Olbuti: Tilde less to the his subeists?
TIME 1ile an e: stream of gunk
Thc obsessive TIME with Bri Faristos - las ofte being near-cret in glish of womi È Il ent of a y Ollir surpasses anythi itself has perpet before: "Hilld 50T didly rich, Earl Gros verbor, 23, " ful, high-born N in the culminati IoTT1cc. Her T with the Queen, the royal film anong the 1000 ding reception.' full page devoted ToImance a Tid C til this tČE - E. throughout. N. women's journal publishing such
How's that aga
“... with prag In: success is Tea S3 ul,
(Нагvey
“Beknighted retired as the TT: Wing year."
John Roberts in
"Once Inade, t bıtlı bölı Ted'
(S.
•Timéኗ .

is filth's custom Is us: by the kecp lis job long.
so conditioned to bile:Lucrats that TIL WEDI 1 SC na ble il this kind c public from a in whereas they resent it franlı business. Where in a 12 And Will public be one of
wer-rolling
preoccupation of
tislu royals lind п struck П1e H5 Ous but i!8 : Ecrit
blut he eIgElgig British couple ng ewan TIME rated in this line nc, dashing, 5plerGerald Cawel dish will marry beautiatalie Phillips, 19, on of a story-book nother is chili Imy and members of ily may well be guests at the wedTIME has he to this “fairy - tale" Titiwes to Til:utling ghastliness a self-respecting would dream of stuff.
i
a tism in red."
W. Weitzman in the Ceylon Daily News')
policies
in 1968 Rusby Ianager the foll)-
the -"Guardian, '-)
he point is not
Schoenbaum in the Literary Supplement"
Stop this now
A recent newspaper report said that Lhe ClT) had arrested 3 “govern Lucint servants” for remaining seated at a cinema while the national anthem was being playedI think it is deploral ble tlhat people should not stand to at leiltion when hic raticial al lhe T1 is played. If the anthem means nohiung to them they shoulli Elt least consider the feelings of thO others among them. I also think il scandaluus that evey cinema 51. Lili be allowed T qui Ted") play 1 hic na kional anthem at thC begi ring of every show sandwiched between the “No 5 Toking in the auditorium' notice and 3 in alveriseent foT Eumeone's Loeffee uur the trailer of Sonne bırıs-aild-boobİcs girlie filii Flag-and-int hem fervour is a "Ilood' thing and cannot be produced to ordet in un propilious circumsstarices, But I considèr it outra geolu that the CID should arrest people for conduct which, however reprehensible it may be, it newertheless not illegal. This could get olut of hand. It is the legislature, mot the cops, that should decide
what does and What does rikt constitute an offence. What is offensive is not necessarily an offence.
The idea . . . ( Carrier tres frLFF77 perge ry ) a country is passing th Tough an acutic Ciconomic stress Tesulting in high unemployment, (particularly of the educated youth) and in social ul I est and Tacial tensions, it would be preposterous to iTagine 1 hat universities wild mit reflect the nood of the country-that the Tost intelligent youth of & generation who facts a bleak future will behave like a flock of Wellfed sheep in a sheep fold. A state that conderilins universities On that score stands self-condemned.
This brief es say on the idea of a university Will Scrve as a preamble to and provide us with criteria for, a proper evaluation of the university reforms' that are now being implemented. That task II propose to undertake in due tourse.

Page 23
| Review
Pre - planned perforr
“Performance, January-June 178" - published by the Mfinistry of Pları Impleineration, August 1978.
he Ministry of Plan implemen
tation deserves Lo be congratulated on the pro II1p tiness with which it has completcd, printed and made available to hic public the Report on performance in the Public Sector during the Ist and 2nd quarters of 1978. As rightly stressed by the Ministry, the timcliness of the publication is vital for achiewing the "laudable objectives of securing increased public awareness and enhancing the effectiveness of thic delivery system designed for achievement of the development goals.
The publication abounds in examples which providc a veritable feast for those with an eye for figurcs. It is heartening to note that our battered economy is at Fast receiving a much needed face-lift.
The data relates to a wide range of activities and it will not be
possible to cow course uf a br nature. Silice l. figures are in Sector Indust. T been a sector under constant quarter in the pa to focus on l examples in thi Report. The re: the particular c light will bc m go along.
Pride of place be given to the ration whose C receiving bouqu and all the til achieverilent of perpetual defici a sur plus includ export, thus res' dustry which, W was about to b We have al 50 ri torial tributes a miracle" (w Editors Te Tewe praise although
TAB Product Mill * Աnit Ըgթticity Rud 9.
Celict K. K. S. TCI 13 275,000 220, ( Puttalan 440,000 243. (Gälle 100,000 36,
"AB Mill In it Capacity Rudget
19ፕß Weyangada:
(i), Yarı Mlrn. kg. 1.4 1.32 (ii) Cloth Woven Mlm. M 12. t]7 Thulhiriya:
(i) Yarn M[n. kg. 7.4 4.4 (ii) Cloth Woven Min. M .8 Ճ.tյt) Pugoda:
(i) Ya II Mln. kg. 14 1.23 (ii) Cloth Woven Mill. M I.) (5.06 Mattegama:
(i), Yarımı Mln. kg. 2.) II, 59

T12106
er ill areas in the i cf revic w of tluis he Inost impressive
Tespect of Public y - a lid this has Whichl las hacen
El ttack from cvery it. - it is proposed ho mlù re Incotable S Section of the is ons for selecting Xa Imples we high: de explicit as we
has naturally to Cement Corpohairman has been ets all the way lè for his heroic wiping out a and producing ing a margin for LIŠČita ing an il'e have been told, e Cl-) Sed diwyll. =ad glo Wing ediball the ''Cement
all know how f geleolus with they are known
LE A.
et 1st Quarter Production
O 484 OO 94.287 O 24
LE B
1st Quarter PTduçtion
(?? 1.5
C.55 (), 88
.
,
How to turn debacles into miracles
for their ability to cagilise a gOČIl figure wher they see it !), E nd the Corpora Lion has been hild out as a shiti ing exLmple Worthy of emulation by sister Corporations. The data in this Teport appear to support this conclusion. Let us cut the narralive short and let thc facts speak for themselves (res ipse locզաitur)
(See Table A)
The other example for consideration is the performance ratings of the National Textile Corporation. Besides its general importance in terms of the essentiality of its products, this is a Corporation which has taken the lead in the attempt at What one might ca II a marriage of managerial talent in the public aild private sectors by eItrusting the management of its mills to Private Sector папаgcmcnt agencics (with proven records of high performance ratings in the Plantation Industry) Since the present report covers perfoTmance during a three-month period
taken up
di urter Production Production as a % of target
Јап - Junic
52,590 E. 5.538 17,962 17
2nd Quarter Follution
Production als a % of target
Jan - Jule
(),3 E8 1.6 11
(). 37 ().4 49
ΕΤ S5 O O
... 1 O

Page 24
LInder the Thew IIIatrimonial contract (1 hec enircily of the honeymoon really) no further justification is necessary for the incluision of this example. He Te the In are the ratings we have been wiliting for l).
(See Tahle B)
The performance ratings so far cited would suffice to convince anyone - except of course those who persistently ręfusc to sce– that there is progress plain to see. Public Sector industry has at long last entered a trajectory of growth aud should soon be linking up with other engines of growth which together will provide the required thrust for the take - off in final fulfillment of the hopes kindled by Rostow et al almost thirty years ago. The Central Bank which has always been critical of the performance of State Corporations will now have to eat their own words (serve them right) and pay trib LutČ to the remarkable recovery under the new management El nd Ilew package of policies including reliance on managerial exercise and experience from the Private Sector . . . ... ctc.
Notable as the results are by any standards, it is imperative
CEMENT PR
Weir Plani
1 ፴፲4 K.K.S.
PLu tal Iir
0 Gaille
TEXTILF & YAR
MiII
1975 Wringாம்
(i) Yalth
(ii) Clicih
* Լյուլ:T
"huhitiyo: (i) Yarn i
(ii) Cloth.
Wùጝ(I
Pugod:
(i) "ELITIl
( ii ) (lb)
W" Wei
Source: Perf
TBl
cEMENT PRODUCTION —- CE
Il
"Eür KIII Capacity Budget
1978
K. K. S. 270,000 220,000 F'ut talla ITI 44).OO) ) Gälille 10K), KK) 36,000
TEXTILE & YARN PRODUCTION -
978
Weyangida: (i) Yarı (M. kg) (ii) Cloth (M. Intrs) Wowcn.
Thulhiriya: (i) "агп (M. kg) (ii) Colch M. mitrs) Wowen
PLigoda: (i) Yarn (M. kg) (ii) Cloth (M. Intrs) Woven
.4
! . 5.
『.4 斗.斗5
12.8 .
1,4 Ι.
. E.

TALE
DCTION - CEYLN CEMENT CORPORATION
(In tons) Capacity Budget Pridin Producium & percentage of target
TO,OX) 5,000 8.32s, 73-9 440,00) 45) 229.885 fif 6 10,000 75.10) 48, 947 B.
N PRODUCTION - NATIONAL TEXTILE CORPORATION
Capacity Budget Productitri Production as percentage of Iігtt
M1. kg- .4 3 S. [M IIIII$]
I교. () 9.5- 4.粤7 5.
M. kg.) 7.4 , ...) 54 M. intrs)
1S է).[]] 47
M. kg.) II. 4 1.2 1.1 호
M. trs)
. Ա.t]] 7.58
CGCCGLGL LTGLL tL LL LLtLLLLLLL T LLLT TTLLLLLLLL LTT
CCCCLLLLLLL LGLLLLLLL A L LGGLE LLCCCHCLGLGL
LE 1
YION I CEMENT COR PORATION
Tı)
Production Plution Budigirt Production Jill - June "7 18 UI '85 19 % of target * of свpacity capacity Iun - Iune '78 Jan - June 78
[ | 27 9. EO 73 149,673 55
3.08 157 3. F;Լ]
NATIONAL "I'EXTILE CORPORA''ION
. 88 S3
笃。誓葛 l 4: 5:
O.S. ჯ7 22 1. 4g 5.5 25
ሀ.52: 85 EE 『4
...T. ዟ) s

Page 25
th: We attempt to identify the mai 1 elements of the 3 tr: legy underlying these unprecedented achievements. After examining several approaches it was found that the most appropriate methodology was to compare and con Tast performance evaluation data relating to the phase immediately preceding the current phase of phenomenal growth. The data obtained from published sources are tabulated here in a conpa Table format :
( See Table II )
A close scrutiny of the datataking figure for figuTe-clearly reveals the difference in the stralgics adopted. It will be seen that the previous sct of Cooperation bosses working apparently on the principle that “he whi. Eins at the noonday sun shọuts higher than hc whở aims at the bush' had set for thernsclves targets which were clearly beyond their reach. lil sharp contrast the present bosses being down to earth and pragmatic had set reErlistic and less ambitious targets. The latter strategy had paid rich dividends in that it has enabled thern not Tilerely to Ieach the bushes but even vault ower. The tentative conclusion to be drawn then is that the stra tegy appropriate to the present St Euge of our development is to El CCept the limitations of the delivery systein, aim at the bush and end up in the heady atmosphere of heights never before reached
In the same spirit of humility and the desire for constant refine. ment of the analytical tools required for performance evaluation displayed by the Ministry Secretary who has welcomed constructive criticisms, we would like to offer the following comments and suggestions: First and foremost it is necessary to check any tendency to gct dazzled by figures attractive as they are and lapse into a state of ecstatic euphoria and complacency,
Secondly there is the greater danger that those who cannot resist the tenptation to take a Second look and those who may turn blue or red with envy, πlay attempt to use (or abuse) the same
data and worl Vulgar fractions
the resultant perc a ''deflationary ef
RC Cognising, t. for eterna vigila COf Socialist re-ca thc frame-work CCOIloily-again: by remnants of and other antibea Ting in mind til Principle that in of vital statistics reveal too much,
Cinema
Brown
R.4 4f PAGE -- Fonseka, Mal
Drake and Hritten by Boyolco. Portaro
by Manik S Cine-Asia Ltd
hy is it, th
be superior Man, the Black рогtrayed S. S. superman in R Fonseka, playing singhe, seems like Robin — hic is la bigger than Bond. man, Iower and I El Clerce all rolle.
The title 'Ran upp visions of hort charging like mai elephants in Rari anci far between.
The plot im “Ra cof a Moby-Dick bent on vengence that is credited w and emotions that British (Colonial) p

k Out two mort
a Tad interpolat: enlages to produce feci'".
( See Table II )
licTefore, a need 14 ce – at this stage instruction within of a mixed-up st Slich mischief the Cold I der - Social elements, Will stablished the artful display The should not and paying due
heed to the need to conform to the highest standards of statisti. culati, We suggest that particulars regarding capacity be omitted in futur e to improve presentation.
The publication is priced at a new low of Rs. 15- per copy which is a Inere fraction of what it could fetch in the world market. Direll Huff would undoubtedly he willing to pay any price as this WJ Lild be a ready source for all the Specimens needed for the next revision of his Inasterpiece "How to Lie with Statistics".
Ms. Shob2na Sankhya
superman
Sfd7 rring Gamini ry Tal IIhm, Jannes
Chris Greet, Richard A. C. eď arcľ direcfeď
Sindrasagara for
El t in order to to the White nafi has to be one kind of FFPsge' Gamin
George SeraBELtman Minus rger than life, He is sports2hilosopher par di into one.
Page' conju Te des of elephants d. But the Farge" are few
frage is that type elephant An elephant ith intelligence far outstrip its Lur SuerS. Chris
Grect gives us a very convincing perfor Illance of the degenerate British planter. While Gamini Fonseka is impressive as the pl los clier - hunter.
At tille outset the filmin moves slowly. But one is treated to excellent shots of our hill country. There is a repulsive portrayal of the Planter Raj. The farce that is their social life is painted with a vengance, onc’s na usea being arrested only by the beautiful scenery that goes to makc our central Ilassif.
A Ceylonese audience but help being attracted to this movie, since it is shot here in entirety, the cast is heavily local, so is the music. Our first attempt
CEHD). It
at an English film, it is worth viewing for curiosity's sake, if nothing else. As a pioneering
effort Manik Sandrasagata must be commended for putting together a fill that can hold its own against much of the abominable thrash that we are being dished out as English cinema-fare.
– SFARINE
23

Page 26
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