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LANKA Vo || || No. 7
| Santa was here again !
Cyclone '7
'Sinhalese Awake!'
Iranian crisis
Mervyn de Silva
UN experts
S. N. de S. Senevi ratne
 
 

January 1979 Price Rs. 2/50
Coins and the masses
Cuban anniversary
New light on Pasternak
Reggie S

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SETUHHJASHT THMW HI.
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旧 圓圖 saei 覽 *『] s= HEJ Ľ [Nos 町 坚硬
SHITUL UNWTIMI

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Letters
JWP and the Tamils.
Both Messrs. J. Uyangoda and Bala Tampoe are correct to criticize the J. W. P's stance on the rights of the Tamil people though I think it is more accurate to use the term 'Social chauvinism' in Place of "Sln hala racism” which is how Mr. Tampoe describes the J. W. P. attitude. Like lost of the other left groups and parties in the South, the J. W. P. conjures Up a foreign de wil' to justify its chauvinistic position. For Maoists, it is the spectre of so-called Soviet Social imperialism' while for the J. W. P. it Is U. S. imperialism. This is one point on which the JWP seems with its hated enemy the L. S. S. P as can be 5 een by reading Mr. W. Karalasingham's recent book on the same topic.
For the benefit of your readers present a translation of a revealing paragraph contained in Mr. Lionel Bopage's book "A Marxist Analysis of the National Question'- which | beliewe is the Tost detailed presentation so far in print of the JWP's official position on this issue. On pages 49-50 he Says;
The Tani United Liberation . Front and the Tamil capitalist Sections that it represents say that the best solution to the problems facing the Tamil speaking peoples today, is for the Tamil people to establish a se parate State. The results of the General Elections clearly reveal that the majority
to agree
of the Tamil speaking working class and other toiling sections in the country as a whole do not
endorse this demand. Although it is true that all capitalist governments go far, be it the
Senanayake'sor Bandaranaike's, hawe ignored the language rights and other rights of the Tamil speaking peɔPles; that they hawe been discriminated against and that up till now they have existed as an oppressed national minority but the national as well as economic Problems facing them will not be solved merely by obtaining a separate Tamil state. A Tamil state established in the Northern and
(Солтired or page :)
LANKA
Wol. No. 7
CONT
3 - 5 News É - 8 Cyclo 9. UNCT O- Intern - 3 Syסקוח | - || 5 UN IT 6 - 7 Global | 3 - A5äm 20 Pasterr Ι Cuban 22 Press 23 APPrek
Published by Publishes Lt. YMBA Building Street, Cloilo
Telephone:
Editor: Mer
Trends
Media Mess
Foreign Minist joined his colleag State, in issuing a lleged “CIA cor Іоса! пеwspaperm Seems ta hT we sett more fir – reach plagung Lake Hic
Christmas sa M Executi ye NWar F bye to the top p father had held Fernando Jr. laste but long enough t of another ser for since Crossed a wel
Even more co sudden departure Rոngsingհn from
F "DINAMIT Lake Hause gass security officers we on returning from U. S. They bore He was despatched
UNP loyalist WhIIе папy of ti

GUARDAN
January 1, 1979
ENTS
background le "78 AD. W. ational news ;ium on Left ethodis
Supermarket Pea san ts |ak
anniversary оріпіоп iation,
Lanka Guardian
| Third Floor,
1263/28 Main
l.
호 0.28.
wyn des Silva
Cover Picture: TIE RETURN (OF SANTA
Santa Claus, not Kilroy, was here this Christmas and the SLBC was absolutely right when it announced that this, Was "the most prospernus -XIlias in many many years'. It was even more prosperous if the thousands milling Pettah and Fort were themselves prospicrous. So much so that Sri Lankans doing their annual winter pilgrimage: discovered the Oxford Street ‘godies' they brought for their der ancs could be purchased and more) in Pettih
pawcrilents if you had the noncy. Shoes i Wi:Tc available fror 1 99.90 10 699,90, 35 tour picture shows. Apples
and grapes, a sour joke of the past, did Llot lı 4 ve to became Tarç ald priceless items in upper-middle class 'Xinas feasts. French wines, New Zealand lambi, German beter, Kraft cheese, Australian chocolates were available: in plenty. So of course were all the electrical goods on which upper middle class housewives had built their Singaporean drearns for a decade ånd In ore. It was indeed a prosperous Christ Ilias and New Year
Printed by Ananda Press 825, Wolfendhal Strect, Calքmbւմ - 13.
Telephone: 35975
er Harmeed gamely 'ue, the Minister of y flat den fas of the Inections' of some en. Wille the dust ised on that, other,
ing troubles are
|Լ15E
Chief Editorial ernando say goodast his distinguished ar over a decade. | only a few months o break the "record
advisor who has to the TIMES.
introversial Is the of Mr. Edmund the Editor's Toorn NA" According to }, Rராரsingha found ifting at his home a trip to the unhappy tidings. to the SLUMNA'
were asto unded. 1 ose who prospered
under the previous regime appear to be safe and secure in top places, Ranasingha submitted his resignation on the day Lake House was taken over. He won the respect of all his colleagues — both UNP and non – UNP - by sa yĩng he could not conscienti
ously serve an SLFP - controlled paper.
Now UNP'ers are threatening to rase the issue at the Working Committee. If E connes up another loyalty test may be in the offing.
Ogo-Pogo versus Sai Baba?
“Ogo Pogo the Gredit' a 24 year old amateur magician of Sri Lanka who won newspaper acclaim in Canada, recently challenged the Indian 'supernaturalist" Satya Sri, Sai Baba and went on to di s prove the "dwine' nature of one of the la] t ter's riman acts. At a magic show staged at the Buddhist Centre, Moratuwa, Ogo Pogo simply raised his empty hands into the air and brought down ashes, which he distributed among the audience.

Page 4
The young Inagici a told the ad m'ring crowd that he sa lutes Sail B ha as a first class magici in and nothing more. "Anyone who believes in or speaks of the existence of the supernatural is an enemy of science and nature" he said. Ogo Pogo, who states that his knowledge of magic tricks is self-taught, went on
to inform the audience that he was a proletarian by occupation, like his
father before Tip I r IIT) g it We
was not to become a conjurer, but rather to use his ability to expose as false every claim of supernatural or divine power It's all a matter of tricks, he said.
Sa It seems that the challenge ta India's "Godman’ fo TT ra til Ord
firm, and that his Iп регfогппіпg поgІс
professi cara ||
and scientifically minded Sri Lankans did not cease with the Dr. Abrahartı Kayaor.
Deadlier than the male.
The government has been tightening up discipline on the campuses. A lecturer who was caught putting up anti-government posters on February fourth is still under interdiction. Students hawe been suspended for anyth ing from hooting to put ting up posters ta rigging. The StLidern (3 appeared to be cowed into in - activity. At Peradeniya meals have to be purchased thus obviating the
possibility of outsiders ha ving free Teals.
LLLLLaL S a L HLLLLLLL S S LLLS S L
remove the plug ports in the rooms at Wijewardena Hall they came up against the protests of the female residents. The students use electricity to make ted and light meals in their toors drid insisted that disconnected plugs be put back Nò nom Seri se with the girls.
Sex and (Free Trade) Zon es.
As the young couple cuddled each other, Whispering love blissfully On the back Seat of a bus one e Yen ing last week, an elderly passenger next to thern dali yered dri daerbic ger Tion on the morals of the yourger generatfort. As the bus was passing WesJawatte another bezTrded, bespecta cled pas senger, pointing 7 finger to de near cineria. Cortered with T tale bc Lyt a crab that routered In human flesh, exclusively to foreigners and a select tribe of politcos. So many husbands he said,
death of
Letters . . .
Easter provinces the nätural te 5: for main til ining e living standards c ple. Accordingly, blish a separate
wing the way for wation of the qui Tamil people. W Ces may exist |r as it reti, Wit framework, such
state will hawe to imperialist camp
development. TP either have to c as a neocolory;
hawe to be CÖTT
of Some impi
es Corted their ga jc to that club in a extra cash. Wher through the door li fly out of the wir naturally.
And why slate sixties, they were chemist sor a pJC Now, so many of fancy contraceptive the asking but a Ebe had for this si So they dorm frate tre 15 tard ewer port And we hav use these contrace We Car?, Without U because we spøwn for our economy Pryw gef Wdig rewer pronounced that thi wας πισΠγ tiπE5 E fier white CoLunterf
In Negombo, the some andlysts had t Survey Inı d discov a radus of a mil ťaLIrľst hoteľs. na families, mothers cluded, were force girls for econorif yler Is Free T: gear, the local la di under the Iberals: naturdy be d v infrastructure, and hard - morney - spĩ nnɛ

devoid of 'rces n2.c255ary wer the present af the Tamil Peo
ii) I to as talstate means Pa
a further aggraastions facing the "12 WT differerform, so long hin the capitalist a separate Tamil
TE
dep3nd on the for it5 COOT1 i C herefore it will
| Le to TE Tāli or els 2 it wi|| a complete colony erialist country.
| looking spouses bild til eJorl7 QT7 e hard times corne
ke wolwes, Torals ||
daw like chicken,
һe youпg? Iп the
Shy to Tsk 7 ket of Condam S. 1dgrips Trid other
is are there for hotel ragorn Carrot de of sixty bucks. the parks, the the public transte beer dd Wised tot obtive: 75 m 7 Luch Js ny fear or shame rr] Lich too Irl Lah to besar! (Erioch so right when he = čuloured – wench ncre fertile than I Trt),
a speaker continued, done a sociological "Ered that within e from the big lle:55, than ffr y and daughters in. d to five is calit rj San Mrnd Jde Zone gets Into es (unless imported || ;g schane) wis || ital part of it's could be reas
I.
A weakening of Capitalist development also occurs together with a reduction of territorial space. There is no doubt that at a time |ika this, when İmper|alism has been subject to harsh defeats in Camboda, Laos and Wietnam, and is trying to consolidate its power in Asia, it will focus Intense attention on such a separate Tamil s Eate. Tha imperialists, who
rally local capitalist Sections around themsel was for the protection of their class interests,
will easily be able to utilize the Sa parate Tamil State in order to ach i 2 We the 5e in tentions. It was only the other day that it was reported that the leader of the Tamil United Liberation Front, Amirthalingam has stated that if it was not possible to achieve the separate state, peacefully, they would not hesitate to launch an armed struggle utilizing an army comprised of thousands of Tamil youths with the military aid of Britain and Commonwealth countries. Who can say that the TULF leadership, which has acted
to betray the Tamil speaking sections in Lhe interests of imperialism and its stooges the local capitalist ciass, wi|| mot
come forward to implement the imperialists'- plans?"
This is the kind of tortuous argumentation which the JWP Luses, to Condemn "any action to
establish a 52 Para te state" by the Tamil people, which is to say any action by the Tamil people t0 XTC iS their legitimate demọCrã t|:: right of national self determination. The JWP, IC T1ust big no ted, bola 5 tis of its militant proletarian Internationalism in contrast to "Stali|list, 13 tibrı ali nılır" roy rtı İı dedir (255" which they claim has engulfed
the socialist camp from the death
of Lenin until today. Part 4 of their party programme which deals with the field of foreign policy extends support to the struggles for national liberation E YEmbabwe, Namibia, South
Africa, Palestine, Spanish Sahara, East Timor, Puerto Rico etc. Many of these struggles aren't
Cariாசரி 7 நவரத ர )

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News background
The new mood o
s the mood in the country increasingly communal? A mystery leaflet in Sinhala with the bold and blunt appeal “Sinha lese Awake' reached newspaper offices last Week and is doubtless being circulated in more public places. The unsigned document look the form of posing several questions.
* Cana Sinhalese buy property in Jaff
* Cam a Sinha lese Tent a house OT e Y CI El Tom the Te"
* Is a Sinhalese permitted to do business freely in those areas?
" Cannot a Tamil live. work and prosper anywhere in the island?
* Who Inonopolises Main Street in Colombo
These and other questions with obvious racial over tones were addre55ed to the Sinhalese in an attempt to show that it is they who were the victims of racial prejudice and discrimination, and not the other wily about.
These are not new questions. They are quite familiar questions which crop up from time to time. Its political significance is that such matters are Taised wletne ver Tclations between the two main con In Limities wors en End become tense. Sometime ago questions about the “new affluence' of Mosleins, especially the gem boys of Beruwela, surfaced just about the time of communal incidents in the Put talam area. and down south. There was such an incident recently too in the Panadura district.
Of course the relations between the Sinhalese and the Tamils (and also the retations between a government in Colombic and the Tamils) assume far greater political importance.
SCOTle of thes being heard dur debates just a violence, and discussions on I ions and viole varying sorts.
In fact, simili expressed by Industrics in w One of the El Inti-TULF (or at made in recent so the TULF si the TULF lee: die ended Mr. Ma frankness, when 'standardisation" of Tamil scripts emotionally char Mr. Mathew a top duo, Mess and Siwasithamp;
Mr. Mathew "Scanda' in the to his guns and 'SOT e Taili I ex; "teachers but c With affida vi5 Param argued t! not being prow cd WTC ile 1 Lioned, I identified. There h e Said, not on ners but of people. The TU an ill partial inq QLlt häld not bei
Since educatio plak Ces ha ye alwa Sensitive issue (h Colt Towersy over introduced by th and the UNP's to abolish it) th has added fucl
In mediately af Nalur bank robl of two pin licenler 11:1 rit". The num killed in the pas

f Communalism
e questico IIIs hawe ing parliamentary ifter the August more recently in Jniversity admis EIL incidents of
T Sentiments weTe the Minister of hat was probably lost hard-hitting lti-Tamil) speeches lil (Liths. So IIllich pokesrnen. notably --T hiri self. commlew for his brutal I the debate or and the marking turned into an ged dLiel between nd the TUJF's 5 Aimirthalimgam
ITE.
Who exposed the first place stuck maintained that 4 millers" were mot heaters''. Armed Mr. Sivas it hanit the charge had bcCause no mares lo älleged culprits fore it was a slur, y on the examiLhe entire Tamil F's request for Lify he pointed Ig gran el.
l and university y's been a highly CTCe the whole
ständardi sation - previous regime election promise is public debate
o fire.
er that came the cry, the killing 1 :1 r1 dl I “*ir1 fr-- ber of policemen t few years now
add up to 18 and there have been no convictions just as there has been none from the murder of Mayor Durayappah.
Mr. Amirthalingam wrote reCently to the President about Police excesses and harassment of civilians in various parts of the northern province including Jaffna. The President assured the (Opposition leader of a ProTI pt inquiry. And Mr. Cyri | Herat, a D.I.G., is investigating another *'m ystcry” letter - El circular distributed with the frank of a northern pro Wince police Superintendent.
In this clima te, hopes of some rapprochellent between the government and the TULF have quickly ceded. About the time of Presdent Jayewardene's trip to India, these hopes ran high.
The gradual estrangement and the dilemma of both parties are best see in Hil eXchange between Minister Gamini Dissanayake and Mr. Amirthalingam. The Minister said that the TULF speaks with Wo Woices, one conciliatory in Colombo, and another under the pressure is young militants in Jaffna. On his side, Mr. A mitt halingam found the government extending the hand of friendship and on other occasions spitting out what he called venom.
Meanwhile undercurrents of Sinhala sentiment can be seen not only in mystery leaflets but identified twen more plainly in places like the St. John's Market where Sinhala fish muda lalis Telying on supplies from different parts of the island reveal, consciously or unconsciously, the "economics' of communalism and the changing temper.

Page 6
Students - in sorrow o
anger?
Hic es roll ble ini tihen Lilhar
iiilis At any raite it’s bewing. This Lille it's Polgolla, not Peraciniya. The recally established Dumbrii C. IT plus hals bell redubbed Duk-tara calipus by its luckless inhabitants, who have good cause to be 'heavy With sorrow". The decision to establish this campus was a politically motivated one designed to isolate the Arts students and thereby de-politicize Peradeniyat. This loc 4 1 wariant of thic doctrinę of "Containment' was sharply criticized even by senior pro-government dons at Peradeniya. But Lilie decisiun was implemented.
Now there are around 700 students up at Dumbara without basic facili Lies of Study or residence. The lack of desks, chairs, tables al Tnd blackboards hızı We se veriy impaired the process of teaching. SInce there are no Halls of residence, Students are packed sometimes 6 to a room in the surrounding houses. The bo EL Tiding fees charged by these private house owners is a stronomical averaging Rs. 250/ - per student for beid aid board. The students haven't been granted their loans as yet cither, while the salaries of some categories of lecturer have not been paid on schedule.
Things aren't mii de al ny el sier by the conduct of the campus head who is said to behave as if the students were not undergraduates, but school children and the lecturers were Montessori teachers. His habit of popping into classrooms while lecures are in progress hasn't endeared him to the staff or students. Going by his record of conduct towards teachers and Pupils d'Iring his previous stint as a school principal, many wonder whether this individual was not än eminently unsuitable candidate for the post of campus Head.
It is also interesting to note that nobody, not even a student from Peradeniya, is picrimitted to enter the hallowed precincts of Dumbara
Cai Tumpus with colul
Tissim of the F institution. Such not been furthc:: stidents Tjil P. long to the Sa Union. dniy tlh: pcrimit tcd to brė political activity. Freedom of assic by the constit Litio
Much the sam wails i L , he lRti :
ēl ir Māra. libral, y lor ca. Il te Tilerc's also a in the lecture 'c cquipilent neede The i ES : f Geogra: The lack of re has meant that p:ly between Rs 200M - for rente: heighbourheid v to 5 la re wit la se dent ldans , hoew region of Rs. 18
Un rest is al
Heywood, the II Artis Abd Aleshill Ljil Place C. dents allege that year they are aid hassed by say ei jo y poli So far 19 stu. suspended by thi the letters of su parted to hawe personın el of the ders Police. Th that they are bei coerced by a co ranging froTn tlh | the administrator and student di variety.
'So unversity gi 1 rıing t () LT1::Ei T1 nomy of the ch to repress Lus" s while a senior La7Ik(I Gı4aTr"dia7Y? will hai we to be the government
1. E her Wertal: Lı kırı ilçident Oil,

r
the express perHit-A k ) f the la LLeT permission has Iming except fог 3radeniya who bema wadi Students ese stLidents a re ilk tıE ban Çin in the callpus. :iation guaranteed
l
e situation preLLun la Camp Li5 locaThe Te is lei Lher a en lor labora (Cory. |Cal TL h of chili f5 Ils as well as it for the DepartIphy and Science.
'sidentail facilities Students hızı ve to 175/- to Rs. Tools in the which they hawe veral others. Sucʼycr :I. re ir1 t. Eler 0- only.
5. Forted all 1stitute for Fine
ietic St LL dies it }}Tibo. Th; St L|-
like earlier this being intimidated
thugs whom they i cail Pat TCP Image. det 5, 13Y C, been
C authoritics, and „spension are rebeen delivered by
Cinnamon Gar. c students claim ing victimized Hind alitic of forces Lugs and police to is security guards tivisits of ole
autonomy is beTherely the 'autoTimpus i Luthorities aid one student told the that IHS sit lition remedi:2d fast by if it doesn’t want riya or Widyalal
its laids.
international protest on TU rights
he International Union of Food
and Allied Worker's Associitions held their Regional Committee meeting for Asia and the Pacific in Colombo. They häwe forwarded a resolution to the President in which they comment on trảde union rights in Sri Lanka states a press reletae.
** II, Sri Lanka, Lht: for economic development safeguarding the basic interests and the dignity of the people is the strength of the freely and democratically organised trade union
guarantee
movement, such as has existed since independence.
**F. Se rass OLIT (prga
nisation is deeply disturbed about the spirit and the basic assumptions underlying actions taken by your government, particularly in the course of his year.
In January, your Minister submitted a White Reliçons,
"(1) of Labur Paper on Employment drafted in terms of proposed legislation, which contains fa rreaching attacks on security of employment, on thic right to strike and oil the ability of trade unions to engage in collective barga ining. The proposalto institute Employees' Councils with collective bargaining powers under1 Inis the wery cxistence of tra de III,ions and represents a step Lowards the corporate State.
"The White Paper has been rightly opposed by all our affilia Lcd u lliçons in , Sri Lanka, be they the Ceylon Mercantile Union, the unions affiliated to the Ceylon Federation of Labout or the Ceylon Workers' Congress. We share and support their opposition.
"Labour legislation bascd on the White Paper, in part or in whole, would contra vcna internationally accepted labour standards, in particular I LO conventions on frced oil of association, collective bargaining and equal pay.

Page 7
"(2) In September, your government threatientd trada unions which had called a one-day token strike in support of (1) restoration of a bencfit which had been taken away from the people, (2) restoration of democratic rights and civil liberties as well as cessaticəll of political victimization asılıd (3) thic defense of workers' living standards, with wholesale dismissal of workers participating in this strike. In any democratic country, thcse Tc considered atters of legitimate concern to trade unions and legitimate subjects for industrial action.
*(3) In October, your gowernment introduced a law con the Employment of Trainiees (Private Sector), which was lade retroactive and which has the effect of elabling employers to employ In con-manual L Tid mal Tual labout at one-year periods at pay levels below current II linimal, estalı biisilei by law or collective agreerient, and deprives such workers from trade union protection.
“Actio is such as these strongly convey the impression that your g(WCIIllent be lives that it calist achieve its objectives without Weakening or destroying the trade unicom Innovellemt in Sri Lanka, We stand in total opposition to Such polices.
*Our organisation ls pledged
to assist our affiliated unions,
and the tra de Ll Lion novement as a whole in Sri Lanka, in their struggles to safeguard their freedoil of action, Please be assured that, to honour this pledge, we will not hesitate to commit all resources at CD Lur disposal.
"We urge your government not to take any further steps in latters pertaining to industrial legislation Wit ()out previous consultation, and in accord with, all representative trade union organisations in Sri Linki,
"We further urge your governInCIt to Cease any measures of discrimination, harassment and victimization against tra de un iom members, to restore any democratic rights and civil liberties that have been suspended and to allow free collectiveʼ bargaining to ta ke place in the public and private sectors of the economy.'
- Coins a
"Colle in wit is an огđст mac. grily by the bu: days, Qf cours do not always Evet a Tiwar wh pens to be eigli but in most cas coir. Yet Lhey cla Luge back. counter-arguich bus tra Wel no wa less become a front.
Sorlle pass cing. col ductors hawe oil their Lliforn the guld bra 55 co. five cent denom titiously stacked. these coins now melt the In yours Screws lid sicl her price (the b teil Cents cin that of the five l8) or if you hi Talit el Lighi lo in old Leel — ceI1L exchange their f bicycle from a in the city-a h new year bargai class family.
Anyway, the s
five cent coins beca going on and a half ye
пцch aggravate El Werlige Citizen I Scr. Slė iš give postage star Lomers in place 25cts (it's ille prising illporter for the very por Stamps) while so you toffees and The Filance Mi admitted to is brass coins were tain in wel Live SCre WS EL Till Ll Ced his Tirst huid Lis thai t al Luminiu bë til fited to w Te titeld. BLIt IE l: 215 till: c Central the reputation of of a cademic tale: sny thcre are ov

nd the
1 cha Inge Iunoney" : loudly and an-conductors these the passengers ender a tenner or :n their fare hapy or foty cents is only a rupee hardly get their is argil:Its and s arc i nevitable days lia 5 morte or ip to the battle
rs think that the
hidden pockets s where, mostly ins uf sicI 1ld iations are sur rep
For, if you hawe you can either els and II nake tiny them for a higrass value of the is cts 33 whic cents coin is cts 1 ve becil perseviccollect Rs. 300coiris you could a brand ICW tertain cycle shop andsome, practical In for a working
hortage of ten and
especially, has or the past one ars and is very now that the 5 bile the Lop-keepers now 11ps to their cusof change up to Lihat si rile enter
got in agency pular Greenshield Ime others offer
loze ngers.
ı ister himself önce
the fact that mel ted by cerpeople to make
e time he an non= lget ind assured Il capit is would *rconne this bizarle cTLInch is; why Bänk which has ' having the crcim nt (even now they er 20 staff offi
masses
cers in just one department who have been given specialized postgraduate training overseas but just idle) failed to remedy the situation?
A few months ago, we heard that the Bank was forced to airfreight part of a consigment when the crisis took a Lurn for the worse. While the official wiew attributes the shortage to an unfor secn rise of brass prices in the world market and to a glut of Inith ting orders at Bradbury and Wilkinsons, some other officers of the Bank speak of bad planning and lot correctly assessing the basic cconomic laws of Ilion cy supply and circulation, Although at the titline of writing, a shipIcht has arrived with 2000 boxes of currency of all denominations, thic quan tities of five and ten cent coins therein may not suffice until the next arrival which is cxpected, after the Sinhala New Year. According to a Bank offi cial, even the employees of the Central Bank are oppressed by the coin shortage and a Head of Department had confessed that he realized the gravity of the situation only recently.
While the Bank's weekly issue of coins to the SLTB amounts to Rs. 5000/- the bus conductors in turn receive a daily (at most depots weekly) float of a measly R5 2/-, Some conductors hawe told this journal that to get that float they had to report at least an hour before thicir normal working hours as they had to be in a long queue. Fret in vain they sighed, als the float wouldn't last cven a single trip.
Meanwhile solic bright bus conductors, at the end of a run, part with their small change at boutiques and to pavement hawker pals for coiris of bigger denominations, and start their new journey without the fi wes and Lens!
But the question that most pro
ple ask today is that if the Central Bank has been uriable, for the past 1 years to bridge
the gap in the coir shortage before it got worse, they wonder how it can meaning fully advise the Government on how to run the economy
s

Page 8
Protect Vietnam resolution
"Out Association i. e. the Sri anka Indo-Chinese Friendship Association Was frned when the flames of the battle in Wiel am and the entire Indo-Chine warmed the hearts and reached the receptive cars of the people of Sri Lanka, particularly in the hill country." states a Islecase from Mr. G. B. de Siya,
president of the Sri Lanka-Wiet
nam Friendship Association.
The statement goes On :
"Coming as it did, after over 40 years of protracic under the brilliant leadership of the Wict namese Communist Parly, the great victory of the Vietnamese
Lillos:
struggle
people in the spring of 1975 Wils
a decisive blow against l. S
fimpéfiliàn fiဒါ’ wဂံဒါးဒါ’`ငါးpitàlián, |
as a whole. This victory resulted in the liberation of entire IndoChina from the yoke of U. S. Imperialism and helped change the correlation of forces chil El world scale in favour of Socialism.
The dialectics of history are such that the defence of the Wictnamese revolution Hn urgent and that of progressive forces the World Wer.
“It is against this backdrop that it has become necessary for us to clearly define our stand. As a consequence We hal W e compted to change the name of Our Association and re-constitute ourselves as the Sri Lanka-Wietnam Friendship Association.
is once again task om Gur agendel
“While we support the Vietna
mese people in their task of protecting the revolution and building socialism, w: also categorically denouce any attempt to interfere with or sabotage the efforts of the Wietnamese people. In the name of all Socialist and progressive forces of the world we appeal to the people and leaders of the People's Republic of China to allow the States of Indo-China to decide the destinies of their people
Cyclone
Natura
he dialectics
bire the St TL The burde of r like that of oc01 heaviest of the these who c3 in bear it. Recite many parts of from the Sahel this was pTWCIl and in thc lf cyclone that u ra on Thursday the
Ll Ell given by the Colc on tie 18th ilmi. 2Սtll, the l communicat Cit. | IE:::::::::::ATM llllT
and Ridi) – * "development withstanding sustained effort mobilize and { apparallus, pilīllic ces of the A1
Polics: and Til OL IIlassive cwacL nege55il ry fra 11l earlies warning people in the C were for th: Il of minority eth One can only the mass led apparatus WOLuli: lized and de Pol.) of cwaciation i more efficient prj:cted targe Wester Prlwimi is concent Taled.
Si, the cyclic he Toil sources say th: of the gover
without inclue
considered opini ference will crl cof rection and list cap and obstacle to all
struggling for in freedor 11, dei lloc all over the Wo

'78
of nature lay |ctures of Society. natural disasters, holic crises fall fraill shoulders of least afford to dly borne out in he 'Third Wrld' to Bangladesh, olce again during trillath of the waged Sri Lanka 3rd of No Wilber. ly warning was mbo Obserwatory again on the :Stage Wils Inc.
the Illasses with gency by the Press
responsible' and journalis in' notNo scrious and
was Illa cle: to eploy the state tularly the reso Lur"med Forces i 1 til
Tit the kirild of a lion that was the time of Ele . Of course the Xpcct.ed L:Hrg ct EL T"e:E1 ost part poor a Eld nic origin to boot. specula te whether i 111 the state hiye beel III cobiyed for the task n a Swift er and männer hall the
arca been the te where the elite
lc llit Lill c: used lamage. Informed : the highest iyers | Illic It's decision —
ressure. It is our in that such inter
assist the cause wc:lken the Socialill be a definite lose who are still i tij inal liberation, acy and socialistin |d."
ܒܫܒܥܐ
Chintaka
disaster, social crisis
making apparat began to function fully only on Saturday the 25th. This was in sharp contrast to the quick official respons c following the recent air crash. (Does the cxplanation lie in the fact that quite a few of the victiilas of the air disaster belonged il ble willy Cor another to the military bureaucratic ruling clie of Indonesia, a social group responsible for the Illurder of ower I. Tillioi i people in the fascist coup of 1965) The victins of the cyclone belonged mainly to social strata which a Te margi
nalized from the existing power structure. No day of national In ourning has yet bccn declared for the victims of this national disaster.
The cyclonic lashed viciously against the backs of the poor. The dwellings of the poor are
constructed out of building materials and are located in places which can afford little protection against the elemental forces of nature. They have no means of communication which can summon assistance, nur do they have privatc transportation to has ten them to places of safety. Thus, while the very conditions of material existence of the poor rc.lder them acutely vulnerable to thic hostile forces of nature, the wealth of the rich itself generated by the poor) enable the Ill to live on physical circuisiances which afford their protection from the elements. As in War, in tillcs of natural disa ster too, it is the poor who bear the brunt of the suffering. Soot-blackened clay pots and pans bobbing in thc waters, was one of the Illany poignant sights of Now 24th morning.
Then came the relief operation. It is well-known that in "Third World" cultries the Ilail obstacle to development is not so much a lack of surplus, but rather its outflow, wasteful consumption and interial Inal distribution. This

Page 9
Inal distribution results from (and in turn buttresses) the highly skewed, heir archical structures of our society. This general, structurally determined, featue of iniquitous distribution of existing resources is evidenced in the relicf effort too. It has been mot so much a question of the nonavailability of relief Imaterias, but rathcr their non-availability (in the required quantities) to the people who really need them, Foreign assistance and donestically mobilized aid" is funnelled into the pipeline but doesn't comic out at the other end in the areas and anững the pJøple Innst affected by the cyclone. Maldistribution is along socio-economic an communal lincs - which frequently intersect and overlap. Eyewitness reports and first hand obsc witions confirl that supplies intended för Batticalo: li: w: been and are being diverted to other areas which are less badly off. Even in Battical oil itself it is being alleged that priority was given to the small colony of Jayanthipura. Then again, in all these areas the townsfolk have been given precedence over the worse affected peasants and fisher
folk, Tuus, both ra cc and class have been dominant, and even determinant factors in the distri
bution of relief assis; tance, just als they are in the allocation of national wealth.
A few words on the bureaucracy and the police. Despite reports in the mainstrean media, the relief "bungle' is not due to a few recalcitrant or C (FTL. It bureau crits and police pcrsonnel. The probleTim iki Teot come « T incliWidual b2 haviour, but rather of systems and structures. Indeed, we gather that the Colonel who is the co-ordinating officer, Batticaloa, as well as the G. A. there,
Mr. Dickson Nila wecra, are carrying out their dutics competently on a non-discriminatory
basis. But as we said, the question is determined not by subjective intention or personal conduct, but by objective factors. The bureaucracy, police and armcd forces are inherently anti-people institutions created and designed to safeguard, in the last instance, the material privileges and hege
monic positio" sIınall social cl parasitic existe generated by is LEle rolle of in a Socio-ec. :1 5 olu T5. TJ : lici 15 Lo functi ind together v hopclessly utop societies the appara Luis that aliud abovc the the context of it cannot integra With the ITasst. still cof the: || forces, with elitist, ai Licivili latter instituti hermetically sca Till S524 S) i 5. ii mination' by th and radical cul Not even a cy do yw In these bo ar an anti-civilian disparate things. a Dobcrmann expressly as wal to metamorphos St. Bf 13T’S W a ruid its lick how cycr callol during this crisi exacerbit: :kli the 255 : Intial institutions.
Things aren't co wcT. In at si administrative a represen: El tive il populat particir different. In a itTitled forces h in palı yıllar stri style of work i. different ideas differently. Suc every sense of arries. They popular traditic premium is pl integration with intense politica productive woT people. There inculcation of . attitudes conti masses. Societie tive foils of collective styles where lass init misI'll fro Il bela

of a numerically a 55 which bases its Inca on the surplus the Tlasses. Such [hese institutions El Illic order such XPoict S Luch i5 tituOT on behalf of, with, the people, is iian. In exploitative bLu Teäl LI CT:1("y is an 5 : inds a part from peoplc. Even in El national disas ter te itself Corganically :$. This is truer police and armed thicir Inilii taristic, El Il Tmiem tality, These 11:8 11 ve been led off from the !) 2TC'otit "CGTht:- le popular pressures rrents in society. 'cløTht: Cảm break fiers. "Relief" and mild are two One clin not expect Pinscher trailed chdog-cum–hunter it into a gentle th a brandy cask The misdeeds, S. of individuals S, only ser we to sharply dramatize l:lt life of these
thČ 3 ai me the world city where the 33:1 TE4 i 1 IS 5 Ebril di Copen to gentine ation things are Society where the We their genesis ggle, and their frunded om the they function
3 fillies. Fire in he word, people's emphasize their 5, while a high ced on organic le masses through
clication and
alongside the S 10. Kystematic iti-civilian, elitist Il Tit L15 if the based on collecTganization and fWork, societies tiwe. n. nid dynais encouraged,
instead of reliance on bureaucratic paternalism, have the capacity to mobilize themselves in a manner which can and indeed have managed to minimize the damage inflict cd through natura li disasters. Socialist Wietnam's recent experience with floods is but a 5inge Casic in point. Even the American Press report cd how the relief (including that from external sources) was being channelled swiftly and efficiently to those who most needed it, by means of the Vietnamese Peopics Arity a fld a network of peoples cornmittees. The foreign press Also contrasted this with what goes on in similar circumstances in most other 'Third World countries, Bangladesh being á grotes que example.
China's example
The contrast between pre-revolutionary and post-геvolutioпагу
China is another striking illustration of the point made here. Unlike in societies like ours, where as previously stated, the
surplus generated by the working masses is drained away to the metropolitan centres, consumed wastefully by the local ruling elite and expended on the bil rC24 Llcracy, armed forces and "prestige projects, this surplus is utilized for pլ հlic purpose rather than private profit. In such countries resources are mobilized to expand the capacity of the productive forces to battle with nature. The struggle to curb and harness the forces of nature is therefore Illuch more successful. This explains the massive effort made by China in successfully elimina ting the menace of floods from her two great rivers, which had plagued her neople for centuries. No such effort can really be made in our societies since our systern cannot coinc up with the correct 'mix' of moral and
material incentives which can generate the mass enthusiasm It ceded for such efforts. This is
Something that ca III and has been attained only by systems founded on collective and cooperative forms of social organization and mass Tbiliziation.
The Social behaviour in evidence in the cyclone-struck areas also

Page 10
sheds a revealing light on other aspects of the system in which we live. The interplay of market forces work to the benefit of a minority and the detriment of the majority. This integral feature of market - dominated, profit-oriented economics is wastly heightened in times of natural disaster, when demand far outstrips supply. FoT example a loaf of bread was selling at Rs. 10/- (and later Rs. 3-) on the East Coast at a time when people werd starving and loneless. When the authorities had siphoned off their share of the relicf aid, the major portion of the remaining "loot" was turned over to dubious groups, (who are functionally linked with the police in most localities, even under normal circumstances). Tho destitute populace of the cyclonc stricken areas continue to be at the tender mercics of these elements, who want to lake a quick buck. What prevailed throughout the island in the immediate after math of the cyclone, and what still prevails in the East Coast, is free enterprise gone mad... an extreme Illanifestation of a "free" and 'open' (but hardly "just") economy.
The savage squabbling for items of food and clothing among the cyclone victims, the vulture-like
cyclone '78:
Some posers
hen were the earliest War
nings received ''The Colombo Observatory issued a warning on the 20th of November. Was there a previous warning as early as the 18th ? When were the reports of the weather satellites first TC. ceived? Couldn't the loss of life have been minimized had the authoritics taken the Illalter with th LITOS Seriousness antl strained CVery nerve from the time of the first danger signals?
* Why didn't W.I.Ps visit the disaster arca in the immediate after math? Was the Tenth Annual Conference of the Press Foundation of Asia (not to mention other
S
behaviour of co policemen not thugs and trade a society domin nexus and a Wa геvolve around personal gain.
Our reaction
November 23rd not slop all eXp at the hull s becn caused. Ni with a well I money or cloth fund. Rather, ti thinking Ceylon an understandin organization of the m:Liss of pe nerable to Ilatl1| as to economic
Lihat the proces 5 contending with tates as a pretc restructuring of
Meanwhile, as snap up 350 ru and consume 75 hampers, out in of the East Co thousands of people who are of the earth. F be a hard Wint,
ceremonies) assi ority Why di M.Ps åt licas
areas immediate
* Was an ad medical person r disus ter Z0 Illes possible time ? LaTrakadeepa Tepi 30 doctors, 60 other medical areas ewell by were the mer Tib: not to mention Democracy'? F victims could pay 25/- as co course, which distinct disince
* We Te AT'Illed and vehicles d bers in tfוחnu Serveral days

rupt officials a rlll to mention the is is inevitable in ited by the cash ue systerm whichl competition and
o the cyclone of must thcrcforc cssions of sorrow iffering that has must it stop ning donation of s to this or that e response of the se must include that the wery pur society renders ople acutely yulall disasters just depressions, and of successfully nature, necessiquisite, the radical our society.
Colombo's clite pee dance tickets 0 rupice Christmas the waste lands is at 15 hungry homeless truly the Wretched or them, it will
gmed a highero pridn't some senior visit ulle stricken :ly?
acquate number of cl rushed to the in the shortest According to the Fort there were Only
nurses and 35 thersonnel in these the 28th. Where
ers of the GMOA the "Doctors for 'ew of the flood
have afforded to insultation fees of must hawe bice I1 - 4 ihtiwe!
Forces personnel 2ployed in adequate e affected areas? after the disaster
struck, there were only 20 boats and 300 navy person incl engaged in the task of food distribution in Batticaloa.
" Why didn't and indeed, why hasn't the government taken measures to impose price controls and curb profitcering in the disa ster stricken zones? At the time of writing a loaf of bread was sell ing at Rs. 31- and a cup of plain tea at Rs. 1/50, while a pound of vegetables cost Rs. 3and a measure of rice Rs. 4- in many of these areas. (Incidently so much for the export of rice)
+ On what basis is the Ill Onetary compensation for damage incurred to be distributed? Is it, as a Government circular states, to be on the basis of the possession of ration books? In the best of tires this would encompass less than half the populace of these arcas, but in the wake of disaster of this magnitude it would be absurd to imagine that ration books would not have been lost together with other possessions. Therefore, under the present circumstances, over 90% of those affected may not be eligible for compensation if the ability to produce their ration books is takel as the sole crit cria.
* In any case, will all adequate sum be granted as compensation After the cylone the price of 100 woven coconut palms to be uscd as cadian roofing is around Rs. 200- in the stricken areas.
+ For the first time since 1947 the Public Security Act has been utilized for the purpose of public security. However, when will it be liftird in these areas and the now postponed local government elections be held. The Gover Ilment should announce a fairly definite deadline since the public will be watchful after the experience of 1971-77 where the Emergency was in force long after any real need ceased to exist and local government was throttled during this period.

Page 11
| UNCTAD V
Bridging the commitm
he Fifth session of the Unitel
Nations Conference o Trade and Developinent will open in Manila con May 7th In preparation for the Conference, national seminars arc being held in most developing countrics in an effort to discuss the conference agenda, brief participants and create an awareness of the issuics. Thc Sri Lanka seminar, sponsored by the Marga Institute last month, will
be followed shortly by an Asian Seminar, also to be held in Colombo. Last month's se ninar
which was inaugurated by Lalith Athulthmidali, the Mihister of Trade and Shipping, included a keynote Address by Gamani Corea UNCTAD Secretary-Gceral. Ainong the participants were H. N. S. Karnatilleke. Bernard Soysa, Godfrey Guna til Icke, C. Chan mulgam, A. S. Jayawardena, W. D. Soysa, T. M. R. B. Tennekoon, Douglas Jaya sekera, Lal Jaya war
dena, W. Kanesalingram, P. B.
Karandawela and Susantha de
Alwis.
UNCTAD W is committed to
mapping out necessary measures towards the setting up of a new international ccoronic order it also will Seek to te wilve a de velopment strategy for the third UN Development Decade,
UNCTAD is recognised as the principle platform of the developing countries to campaign for a change in the current would order into one that will be in their favour. This aspiration has been contested by the developed nations who see it as colonialism-in-reverse.
A wit a feature of the New International Eco (Illic Order (NIEO) will be Economic Cooperation among Developing colntries (ECDC). In the last two decades progress has been made, at least at the regional level in ECDC. On a global scale, the Non Aligned Conference, particularly the Colombo Summit, map ped ou a comprehensive pro
granme for EC becomes the log to Work out a strengthening th groupings like Union and ou I ments with colli
ECDC is han by a retarded a T1 es developme remaining periph ist West. Ts pore and Hong is much ei hannouri policy makers inc Yct what is los the only els term i an econonic po Thot suffer a col wise China too through self reli
Countries like a Tın çare vigorous West that with countries. And it for ECDC has shed by Third W the policy Inaker and the people L.
Letters . . .
s Čepy fir TNFs fra
led by Marxistbut bourgeois or leaderships, and astrological pred composition and governments that lished eventually, the subsequent Struggles, just as culation and c. prevent Marx a supporting the struggles in Irela etc. The WP's proletarian intern for export it se do The Stic Consum den tally is just || on armed strugg

m
Jayantha Somasundaram
cation and the inculcation of new ent ар deas and approaches called for. The media in the Third World DC. UNCTAD y has got to se this as all essen
is a foru II at which tial feature of New Inforglobal systein while mation Order.
existing regional “ECDC should not be considered he Asian Clearing as a growth strategy that is hostile bila teral developed countries Sily's P. B. lTI es like Illud ia. Karandawela. "Basically it sceks npĉred Elbowe a II to abolish the dependency relatitude which assu- tionship that subsis. between deveexclusively by loping and developed countries, eral to the capital. while sínultaneously sisting deveTodel, the Singa- loping countries to chieve to higher Kong cxperience, rate of growth than could be dby Third World possible if they wet depend luding Sri Lanka's. Primarily on the growth [[Impulses sight of, is that generated by the developed counColly' to become tries. If through ECDC wear wer, Japan, did able to achieve a higher rate of tonial period. Like growth, our trade Cxchanges with has developed developed countries Will also inlitt. crease in absolute terms and in
ole, cases, perhaps even in rela purs still maintain i terms, since developing countrade with the tries wouli . then possessing a fellow developing and more elaborate indushough the case ta' technological capability, 7°Well establi- amo al, be capable of en tering World specialists, into economic relations with deve
remain inmoved loped countries on an Cq, Li:ll banconvinced. Edu- si
it everywhere else but renounce it at home. Of course in the company of leftists abroad (eg. -eminist parties 器 : Youth in
Yam told) they are very Petty bourgeois r-r-r-revolutionary у lobody can make
s By the way, I wonder on what basis Dr. Kumar David (another Tamil convert to Sinhala chauwinism like Messrs KaralahIngham mot to mestion and San mugathasan?) leading mem. 'olution of these ber of the 'New' LSSP, pradicts such idle spe- in their paper THE LEF TIST, 1jecture didn't that a future Tamil Eelam will be a 'black' 'fascist' state, rather than a red, pink or ЗГеу опа,
?? Pr??e :3 )
may be estab
d Lenin from
independence Sir, your In Thant on pg. 5 of d, China, India Lanka હતાં. No | | (တ္တိဒ္ဓိ |st) much vaunted quite correct, when it stated ionalism is only that: "As far as the Tamil youth 5, and not for are concerned, all prominent ion. This inci - Sections of the Sinhala Left 5p33k :e their views with a forked tongue".
They applaud Kandy. “Bharathi"

Page 12
| International news
Ігап
How the power bloc fell
by Mervyn de Silva
R Teheran listeners were taken by surprise 1
main bulletin gave unusual onslaught on the brutality Lhe protest
some key towns in
The parliamentary censure was nothing less than a frontal assault on the two months old govern" mcnt of Gemcral Azhari.
Although the Iranian press had suddenly comic to life with the first outbreak of widespread Wlo: lence, the flames of newly acquired independence w Cre soon smothered. Both the Iranian assembly and the media had been notoriously impotent for many years and this spirited burst of self-confidencic were the most revealing demons trations of what had happened in Iran these past few months.
In a matter of months many things have happened stimultaneously and with an amazing rapidity that has both confused and as Lounded Inost observers of the Iranian scene, whatever their selfinterest, their political inclinations and perspective.
The sheer intensity of feeling against the Shah, the Pahleyi dynasty and the ruling t:g!ẹTỉẹ attached to or intimately associated with the Imperial Court has shatered the myth of a popular, allpowerful monarch driven by El divine destiny to make Iran a modern, major nation.
With it has crumbled the Once impressive facade of stability.
The repressive apparat us which had assisted the Shah in silencing opponents and suppressing dissent, and therefore in maintaining this facade of a sclf-assured monarchy controlling affairs in conditions of evident stability, has been severely shaken.
The arrogant self-confidence of both SAWAK, (the dreaded secret police and one of the most infamous
1)
prominence to a
of the armed forces in th marchers who had held for many days t
the grip of an ever-swelling anti
In the world) an echelons of the rudely joited mot C Ling tide of popul by the Shah's si fish actions. Il of finding sacrifici asemass anger, th the prine minist SAWANK, Several ge of Ira Air, whi suicide. Though a his desperate deel of corruption chil moment of illu: gives the outside glimpisc of the si uncertainty that ruling groups ill
FT W Wr
the last trouble sixtics, the Shal country Col. El cor what Nicos à "power bloc a sort of partine the central and mality. The pow; if the fillily, Ll the armcd forces, civilian politicial layer of big bll closely to foreig emerging technic can-edlica ted Eiť
It is Luis 5.) I partnership or that has collaps each power-cent the Shah) u Ilder relationship of therefore mutual severe strain. W earlier trust, fr been replaced b which greatly a fusiu II and li Ilce

apart
as week. Its
parliamentary ei reaction tO he capital and Shah II ownell.
of the upper army has been mly by the In Oum|lar ho stili I. y' blLit own cLlI 1ning , a classic exercise al goats til appe
Shah dismissed er, the head of nerals and boss later committed individual act, d, in the face rges, is a telling timation which observe a Vivid preading sense of has seized the Iran.
a decide, since in the early 1 had Tum the working alliance Poulant szas calls which embodied :ship whic Te he was dւյminant perso" år block Consisted he court clique, some hand-picked is, SAWAK, a ricW sinessmen linked in capital, and all critic and Ameri|ministra tiwe elite.
mewhat contrived working al lia Ince ed. Not only is re (starting with attack but thic mutual interest aid trust is under hat is more, he eely shared, has y Inutual suspicion dds to the con: tail ty.
O The Public Prosecutor is ready to Indict over 100 rich Iran lan 5 inclu- || ding several members of the Royal Family for large-scale corruption and i llegal transfer ab Toad of colassal 5шп5.
US Marines used tear gas on students demonstrating before the US Embassy and shouting Death to the Shah' and “Death to Carter'.
O Libya's Gaddafi has described the protest movement as Part of a | “progressive Islamic revo1ution”
Since the Shah shows no signs of abdication or discreet withdrawal (as hic did when Mossadegh challenged him) and indeed displays every sign of holding on to power, the army docs mot know what deal he will make With some sections of the opposition or what mamo Lev Te he will attempt next. And if the Illowe succeeds what price will he be ready to pay, The heads of a few more generals
Oil the other hand, the person:ll fates of General Azhari ind other top commanders now mastermilding the cruel crack-down on the opposition at the behest of the Shah will be anybody's guess
if the Shah quits, or a new monarchical council is set up answerable to the 18 year old
Crown Prince, or if a civilian coalition takes over where National Front leader Karim Sanjabi plays the key Tole.
Besides these deep anxieties over the next act in the fast-moving un predictable drama of socio-poli
tical change, the armed foi ces have inherent conflicts within. This embraces and reflects the
wider conflicts of Italiam society and its structures.
Unlike other large armies in the Third World (and the Iranian is one of lic biggest and best cquipped) the Iranian army has beerı çırcful mot to recruit to its

Page 13
Š(MPL/9TKC,
2RA1- C |RREGPS58LE
-
command structure young and able career officers drawn from the In iddle and lower-middlc layers of Iranian society. Absolute loyalty to the "King of Kings" has always been the iliain if Illot sole, ciriterior. And loyalists have come from the wealthy upper classes,
Thus, the Ayatoliah in Paris can make a direct appeal to the young officers and soldiers. He could cven threaten' then with "ex-communication' for firing on fellow religionists. That is why there have been reports of officers ordering their men to shoot at the ha ted Praetoriam Guard of the Shah, and widespread speculation of rumblings of discontent in middle echelon officers' clubs and barracks outside Teheran.
BIG BUSINESS
Such mer wouis Iness is even miore deeply felt in the business and professional circles close to the Royal Family, and the big business community as a whole.
Thriving on and collosal co is the local cil term in westofs : millio 15 throlig from contracts We:S terri coTi TäT open trialingular big business, th Lern strategic interests.
This new busi 155 cilite Tt pular agitation at till: Shah bil patrol, which is partier, too.
The Shah's p guard action mi observers of the Util the true, nature of he evident, and its tensity plain ent informed foreign analysts went all Way, with the of the cliffct. ing offered two
(a) When all the tide faltered ted soewhat gr
 

再上
" Mዘእr፤ M፬ÃÖ
リ *考を獲
疇
litical Truption, this group | labi Tatoort of Wesir mint even easier
på t Tenage
h huge tip-offs "farried out to ies. There i5 al
llifıkage between e Shi H1 and Wesand collercial
so-called modern :alises that the pois not only aimed It at his foreign its patron and
rolig: T1 dist Tea Tsled evil unbiased Iranian events. genuinely popular struggle became scope and inugh, even welljournalists and ng, at least half Shah's description The rifficial readbasic cx planations.
his efforts to stem 1, the Shah granudgingly that there
were popular grievances (not of his making, of course) but that that proiek, men wemcint was cingineered by a smill group of 's- lamic Marxists'. At a a recent press conference, General Azhari plugged the same theory about 'leftist saboteurs", " "rabble-rouSers" and 'theists’’ who could have "fo Teign support”. (An ob wicius hint, at the Soviet Union as much as a special appeal for Western synpathy).
(2) This was a contest between "Islamic find: mentalists" (i.e. backwerd; reactionary forces) and the "liberalising', 'modernising" Pahlevipolicies (i.e. progressive forces)
At best, the antiheica formu. ation of (2) is a crude oversimplification. What is morc likely it is a deliberate distortion that seeks to conce the wide-rang. ing character of a popular nationallist movement, erupting it is true in cxceptional and even forced circumstances, in which the cultural and the economic factors are not merely in separa ble huit the cronomic is the iliore crucial or determinant element.
Clearly, it is neither in the int crests of the Shah nor of his
li

Page 14
Eureign backers. Lo ste55 il C e - nonic, which is both wital and Scısi iye. It is fill I clic ve TeT t} emphasise the cultural, religious and traditionalist faici dTs, that Is to say, the superstructural factors.
Yet fогеigп
the taget umuguably is
domination. Admittedly, its impact has been felt in the broad 5phere of culture. In II à), this process which is so commonplace a feature of the colonial experience, is Wrapped in an odd pa rai, dox. The Shah hais bisked in the glory of the magnificent Iranian heritage (one of his titles clains he is the "Lignt of the Aryans") but it has been an exercise in self-glorificati çıfı. For the Test of the Illation, westernization or Americanisation (mistakenly prescited as "modernisation'-) of the life-style of the dominant groups has meant the spolition of traditional culture, a neglect of the finer inspects of a noble herillage, an affront to na tinal self
STEL
But what in the basis of this hegemony ? It is surely economic, the near - complete control of Iran's resources. Of these resourCes, o il is pre-eminent. Hence it is both an issue and a symbol in the nationalist resistance to foreign domination.
(NEXT : Complex Crisis)
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| Sympos Wich
5. Tu siri
T. LSSP | polemica diff cafJT bord te W| | Tamip me, W. K and Merrys F.
LSSP (R).
There Wu wygas rem] red the Srirakki
that It C pia the Revolution Campus, Mr. Secretary of t
Q: Hay do the present situal νοι τηΕ Ιήίς ί foirotre fo evolve i fire?
A: Since July has been striving Workers Mowel estiblish a Tiakeç the capitalist cla the hurry, JT til rules it bring i tution and a oppressive legislat thic strength of Working class th: the onslaught I massics, in the U safeguard the pri. talists. The The used to dictroy of last Septembel well åld the UN tc) act in this future as well. I thing criminal to out any scruples the tiller land. Paties al TTAE ting in a such a obviate a largetion by the work treid. So, in evolution of thi decide on this co believe in unified GcIlral Strikes a Illasses to Wards t

íum
way
Andradi
(R) came into being as an eyolution of the erence that in axed with the
1罗岛半。 dralasingliam (who rejoined the LSSP two years later)
til the LFP ir
LSP"5 de Edmund Sandrakkody,
to Basa ||
2rnando were the Jedding dissfdents Who formed the
s a split in the LSSP (R) În 1968 and the party The Revolutionary Samsa maja Party (RP). Howewer, dy group laat hed the term ""Salma Samaja" so much ty conference in 1973 the name was changed to ary Workers Party (RWP). A graduate of Perddenlyd
TUI, SIRI ANDRAD || (3+) who fils been the He RWP since 1973, talks to the "Lanku Guardign".
J'ai characterize ion arid ho - da flation will co7 ffre for seeable
77, the UNP : to des 4 roy the ill in a bid to dictatorship of 5s. The fleed ald e part of the 1 8 11:W Col i Sllbagful of other ion i 5 to WeilkcIl the organised it is rising against tilel L. In I the "N P"s a t. tempt to fits of the capithod of attack he tokol strikc 28 proves this IP will Coltinue TT1:[111eI ii i t E1 t will di Inythis eld withWhatsoever. On both leaders of : Jribilis l rc icway that would scale collfrontaeTs aglilist this the future, the si situlatiLT] will iiiicti II. Wa: Tid Ice Cered ind mustering the
Lit.
Gerer
Q: Unlike Triost other groups on the Left, your party doesn't seen ta place ch E77iphasis (7. a rea of fascis 771. Ho 11' do you explain IÑÑኛ ያ
A: We do not accept the view
of a "fascist onslaught"' of the UNP. Because, it is a reactionary lowerment that his evolved
out of decadent elements of the ures, We see the dictatorship of the UNP as Bonapartist.
Q: Gir'er til is situatior ard prospects, what do you thiuk are The Piost pressing tasks of the Left ?
A: The Left in Sri Lanka is a spu Tious phic in omnenom. The main responsibility of the masses is to denounce and sever all relations with them in order to build Լlբ a genuine Revolutionary Party on Leninist principles. As a part of this process the RWP is prepared, to fight unitedly on a specific progral lime of action against the UNP (1:15laught,
Ο Οητε αEαίη, η εση ταινίίηction to most other groups, you don't seen to place much stress on the slogarī af "Lgft Unity" or a United FroïIr. Why?
A: What has so far happened and is happening in the name of Left Unity is to perpetuate a capit 4 list parliamentary government.

Page 15
ao progressive por
We consider this the Working class. UF was a Parliam We rejected it.
We believe
a betrayal of
The so-called lentarian Front. il
Lenin's dictum “March Separately
strike together'.
O
עז יוYour PrT
ДrудJer" * Pдлfті
Sarana' (Class Struggle) is for the
Floss part filled
11th poetical
tேck a cher Left-wing orgariSαίίσης. Κτίλε νοι Ραrriσίματεί δriε
J" in the United Cairnire rf
ser kfs77īsť--Stalfyrir. Lo/! groups, after
Trotskyist 'Neil a short "hile
you guit this Conglomeration, and
lidle Τα Γεγαίη Τ. tiivisive facIic Leif ?
A:
UNP on specific
their ainm secTned to be to force themselves by holding
Tills L1 ti - UNP ralii and use their
obvious at also by virtue of after their May D held an anti-Con ganda rally with
fact, they really objected
the slogan of the (May Day) as
UNP General Strike".
posed it.
Ο Η αμ the JVP? And wir
rejected repeared
13. his in g"
Η Πίτείνiι
influence thC ULF and later, SLFP with the ULF.
slo) yời
η Ρίγατία τις
fe fe
We joined in to fight the
Blt reinSpillI neetings ld join to join the This was
actio.
is a
the discussions and
the fact that ay Rally they litution propahic SLFF. In to having United Rally For an anti
We pro
They rejected it.
characterize has your party
(CCElsed ther of objectively helping
The UNP
A: The JWP is party but an
10 PToletarian
opportunist, petitbourgeois organisation whose
poli
cies have been viscillating. Though
they claired Stalinist and
t
the dialectic. altack bot Hı
Left but do not
the ai Inti-UNP Struggle.
eyer, reject viction of the JWP
Do you see difference between
Maist
they have not been able
Thiլt
thc SLFP a
Dharmasekara's
ha we rejected methods, to grasp is why they Ind the define We, how
CA
actively
being a
agent or a pro-UNP group.
பி) ஜேர்ரி:
the UNP and
the SLFP? Does either Ραμ Μια με
A: Not at all.
tial elements of a
##fff" ở
Both are essen. Single entity
the capitalist is for building 0 Tship I1d Lh Čach other tu
Q: Your pa δύνται Οικοι τία) γιατη αίθεr gr. 'Pfi f'f'eff W.
Erics"?
A: Every
tled to the
determination.
1re entilled to t fl. Edw.cgl. t. Til til is the
if they so deci statė 5 Lille 1 will support t heartedly. We
leadership as : capitalis is whos both Sinhala a peoples in or capitalist state reactionaries. Ti people is to b With the TULF to build up a R
Q: Very brie Posfori air le in the “socialis "World contrilii is
A: We reject list bloc". Thier is independent World Economy called "socialist "World communis from the same And the inter between the US anong Albania, goslavia did Internationalist p petty-bureaucrati rets. We reject 'Social Imperial El theory that and other reactic is doing today. prove of the US China or "Deten such thing as a inist movement. World Stalinist be more fitting COTT Illi LI tism is n from Stalinism b the past in order with the capitalis try. It is a faca

class. Their struggle a capitalist dictaley a Te wying with Yards that end.
їїїіол олт //с “Wаr' is distinct front 2.P.F. ni and is fair!" Colled 'ou state it
nation is entiRight of SelfThe Tamils here
litt right but we do he theory that sepiaInswer. However, de that a separatic only way out, we lat cause wholereject the TULF i bind of Taili e airl is to pawn fld Tal mil oppressed er to build up a jointly with other le task of the Tamil reak all relations leaders and work evolutionary Party,
so, hat is Jour * ''I''or orris fil
'r bloc" ard the Η Ρεμ με ηγέτη" .
f the term “sociae is no bloc that of the Capitalist Both the sobloc' and the
loven crit" spring politics-Stalinism. nal contradictions SR and China or Chir) :i and Yulot Wolvc from rinciples but from c national inte
the concept of isrınʼ" also . ʼIt is SreS American brnil ries, like China We do not apSR cutting aid to ce'. There is no
World commuThe term '-The Movement would ... And, Euroit breaking away lit El Tejection of | la colaborate [8 ill Citch coun
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3

Page 16
Development
UN methods need re
by S. N. de S. Seneviratne
N Agencies wield tremendous influence and power. Their plential fer b ) r h good and twil is great. However, their positive contributions which a II e Imany, c; n bc annulled if their operational
patterns also al lliw, and even encourage, counter – development trem ds. In this Con text, it is
timely to daw attention to some disturbing features, principally to the development of the new breed of it ! ernational salibs - Lluc experts and their kim associal cd with UN Agencies - and the concept of aid.
It is an achieve I cnt for Thunerous individuals of no extraordinary attainments or abilities to enter into the company of cxperts' in assignments in LDCs. It is thic a spiration of many local personnel who collaborate With these cxperts to get into that international circuit, often with the help of these influential individuals. In the process a subtle system develops which violates the national interests of LDCs. The expert exploits his position of privilege and influence, aware of the bargaining power of the benefits he can bestow on his collaborators. The latter in their eagerness to secure these benefits-foreign tři ps, foreign contacts, foreign assignments, foreign exchange-submit to that ultima te violence, the violence of humiliation as they barter their own self respect and that of their country for the advantages the expert can secure for them-if they don't rock the boat.
The effect on the indigenous people of the life-styles and the privileges enjoyed by experts in LDCs is another aspect that merits serionLus at tcm tiom... O ne is tempted to ask whether these experts, the agents attenting to improve conditions in developing countries, can effect significant changes for the better 11ct of these countries in the long term inless they are willing to "enter
I
into the life' o countries, get
people, share i and aspirations receptive to th factors operative
It is doubt "foreign expert' arrival in a di in an air-condil provided with : of affluent soci: else, characterise hopelessly out a harsh realities o can make thc developing coul Lf Tell value in Tols ofen, the of affluence, a poor world thi was largely gene sustained by the of developig col in the natives f: be conveniently computers.
At the Cel Resea Tch Institlu ! instance, the Inc. of 32 Research p{) st-g rä dua te q Lu ding 7 Ph. D.s) approximately R: expert received : in the region of per month, Rs Obscenity is a si it is a single w a situation whic sistent with the the UNI Carte tation to refer between olerlo made by Jean-P preface to Frant Wretched of the istible.
No so :art ll numb IThillićm i nhã dred milli thousand Til natives. The World; the use of it."

appraisal
thesic developing alongside their their problems alıd become socio-economic in local situations.
ul whether the ", installed on veloping country ion cd cubicle and .il the trappings tics, besides much d by a life-style f touch with thic F the Third World, changes in the trics which are the long term. 2xpert is a symbol reminder to the it this affluence rated and is still 1 LI Tman Illa Tullre un trics, Hic evokes elings that cannot programmed on
ral Agricultu Tal e, Peradeniya, for thly salary bill Officers (17 with alifications incluWorks out to . 40.000. A single princely salary USS 2500 - 4000 . 38.750 - 62,000! tTong word. But rd that sums up is hard y conlofty ideals of And the tempo the distinction and 'natics' ul Sartre in his z Fanon" 5 *“TWIE Earl" is irris
*ery long ago, thc red two thousand bitants: five hun
TT|1ė, ad one ch und Ted milion
former had the Others had the
The United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development will be h clid in Wicni na in August 1979. Thesc extracts are from a draft of a paper in agriculture written by Dr. Seneviratne, Plant Pathologist, Central Agricultural Research Iristitute, for the National Papar. Nissanka Serieviratne was eduCated at St. Thoma's College, Mt. Lavinia, the University of Ceylon
and the University of London from which he obtained his PhD in Plant Wirology.
Chinese experience
The concept of the expert in
LDCs needs to be reexamin cd in the lighl of the damning effects produced in local situations. In this context, one of the eight principles of economic and technical assistance of China's foreign policy is exempla Ty:
"The cxperts dispatched by the Chinese government to help in construction in the Teccpicnt countries will have the same standard of living as the experts of the recepient country. The Chinese experts are not allowed to make any special demands cor enjoy any special amenities.'
In sharp contrast, the system als it opera les T1 Co W suggests that when aid is given, a large proportion of it is recycled back to base via expensive experts and consultants.
Aid. It is now recognised, though rarely publicly admitted, that aid is not "'a form of disinterested munificence." Colin Morris, a Britisher who has boiled in the cauldron of African independence struggles has this to say: "Aid is often a three-letter word In earning fraud. A loan is not aid if the poor nation has to sink deeper into dept paying it off. Money which must be spent in the donor country on goods

Page 17
the giver stipulates is not aid but Ea rolunda bout I way of subsidizing the rich country's industries.' Aid as a method of maintining "a position of influence and control around the World' and as 'onc of the instruments of foreign policy' are views expressed by important personalities, President Kennedy and Professor H. B. Chenery, a former senior economist of the US Agency for International Development. There is illo death of ex: Imples where expression has been given to such wiew51
Aid has been a neans of stunting and distorting development ill the Third World through exploitation. The international funding agencies a Te Ila t. ex:Actly disperisers of charity. Most of the loans from the World Bank, for instance, are aut coT 11 mercial Tates of interest. Even in the field of interlational re5e3ATch, CCC pertial it has been recognised that thcre are risks. 'Salt times, international and regional projects are used to preserve colonial influence, to establish neo-colonial dependence and to circumvent national priorities and Country programmes. They may hawc the effect of delaying the build-up of national capacity, contributing to the emigration of researchers and distorting Ilational in West illent."
It is therefore, abundantly clear, that the subject of aid, within the framework of the UN operation, is one which urgently needs reapprilis: l. After all, the UN Charter embodies principle concCrning human dignity and life in larger freedom. It is a forum in which a discussion of the subject Inced not be shuniled as it well night be in the capital markets and capitalist corporations of the affluent World.
Punchirala and Siyathiu and Kira toil to till the hard earth of the
dry zone. If the will have enough families fed til Up in the hil Thangakat ni and Letchini Te bar mist as their ni the te der leaves til bushes. Theil
TIı:ä d: II (bre W must surely be e ställda Tids in larg science and techn those possibilities
PLI I chiala Ba II Kira necd not toe return of 20 b per acre, Lusing Y attack by pest fcarfully depende ries of Weathler precious Water. S nology Carl pr Varieties which IT three, four or yield. Science an diwe Tt Tiwers a a SSLL red supply )
Thangaka ini ani Letchimi necd ng howels, those link day's work, to f of bread turned c. flour and to bric ration, uncertain morrow holds too can be di. housed, like the lives on the top Eı ild tklle:Sirrlığı further down, cyc In A LI Te, in e II SLIT dends for the af Science and tech wide better housi occupations for consistent with worth of the hur
The Charter Nations, springing desire for a Wor LI I n told scotoro W t.

y are lucky they L to keep their the next season. ls it is dawn. Saas wat hie and ely wisible in the Inble fingers pick
from a thousand ! labour can be riding, their lives :|1|titled to better er freedom. And nlogy caп achieve
d Siya thu and il for a miserable ush els of paddy arictics prone to and diseases, mt on the waga
to provide the Science and tech
(wide for them light give them five times that
d tech 1 logy can ind provide an if water.
d S Tas Wathie a Tid it return to their :5, after a hard ced on the custs ut from imported 'd :Another geneaš to what the for them. They ently fed and Periya. Dora i Wllo of the mountain Dorff Whij lives ling them), hunan ing fitter divifluent overlords. Iology can proIng for thic III and their children the dignity and man person.
of the United g frem the human d delivered from Illa Inkind was
conceived at lhe cnd of the Second World War. In April 1918, when the end of the First World War was not yet in sight, Lihat sage who radiated humanity in all its richness and splendour, Bertrand Russel, complettd his Work "Roads to Freedom'. He Sought to examine proposed roads for a better ordering of human Society than the destructive and cruel chaos in which mankind had hither to existed. He had a vision of the World that we must seck.
'The World that we must seck is a world in which he creative spirit is alive, in which life is an adventue full of joy and hope, based rather upon the impulse to construct than upon the desir ċ to retain what we possess or to seize what is possessed by others. I must be il World in which affection has free play, in which love is purged of the instinct for domintion, in which cruelty and envy have been dispelled by happiness and the unfettered development of all the instincts that build up life and fill it with mental delights. Such a world is possible; iL waits only for Innen Lo wish to çre: te it."
The men assembled at the United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development might affir Tı man's wish to create such a World. The proof of that affirmation action prograAIT T1 es crisistent with the ideals of the UN Charter - funda
mental human rights, the dignity
must be in
and worth of the human person.
Wrld science and technology are indis
In the creation of such a
pc1n sa blc commodities.
5

Page 18
| Food
Global Supermarket (2)
One country,
ost Americans learn cd about Möệff agriculture in high school geography classes; everyonic can remember the brightly coloured maps of the World with a banana superimpos Cd on Eduador, a coffee tree on Brazil, and so om, Indeed, there see Its so Illething so logical about all this, the "natural advantagic" idea. Why shouldn't every country grow what it can grow best and ther trade for what it can't? Why I tot grow pineapples in the Philippines or Kenya, get strawberries from Mexico or fly Carnations in fru II Colombia, if these countries cal grow them more cheaply
BIL Jur learning now in Lust begin with unlearning: there is nothing “natural" and no "advantage' about just growing luxury agricultural exports. Applied to Imos underde veloped Countries today, the idea of natural advantagc is inherently deceptive. It hides what really happens, Ilam Cly that those who benefit from the foreign exchange earned by the agricultural exports are not the people whose labour produces the exротted cгорs.
Ewell wherl a Third World coultry uses part of its freign el Tnings to import food, the imports generally ure I not sta ples but Weser n-style UT semi-luxury fødd for the b c Ltero — off. Lurban clas5es... Ili Sciegal, peasants are forced by taxation to dedicate their better land to growing peanuts for export to Europe. The government uses a good portion of the foreign exchange this earns to import wheat for foreign-owned mills that turn out flour for French-style white bread for city dwellers On a recent research trip to Niger We discovered that foreign exchange ewen goes tio import ice crea IT straight from a shop II the Champs Elysses
OS Cl
The whole pri myth much in the that higher prices World's ag ictului help the hu igry. of export agricult the rural populati po verty. This li { the land specul: ab :) Llt el Tlier: v, rices g up, la man is and sclf-prc: gets Laken over t id:TS vylico CF no profit. I additior kers' wages can For instalce, W price of suga T in 1974, the Teil cutter in the Din actually fell to ten years carlier. crease in cane c. Illot coli pensa te f set off by the si
Moreover, govt agricultural expo Tmiem l s that SL u pop " Minimum wage Workers arc kil light make the "uncolpe itive.'" food for export from land Tesor sh ist fiser frkIn export crops to sell their land. lippines in 1974– acres were plante therefore exempte form) tham just th
Finally, large-s I miring die TH inds cF Lind posicides, t as well Is to market's "beauty processing specifi b) TL1 is ble Tollic: sing an agricult imported technol. that whatever is exported to pay Wicious circle of

Joseph Collins and Frances Moore Lappe'
rop
cess debu links in : Llews these days: for the Third "al exports will The very success Larc I often pushes iori full r i lher imtC) ppens because of ı Lion Wc Halk Cid her collidity di fred by cvisioning farmers by big laid-lilW Ithake :l: larger I. plantation Woractually declinic. Wher the world ote han doubled Wäge of El Caille miniciam Ricpublic ess than it was A Tomlinill iIItters' wages did or the inflation IgEL T b) o I11.
:rnments pushing I t. S JIre g (1 WeTIless lald reform. |:1WS foot fait miled hecause they Colli i try's Expirts Land growing gets exempted ; : Tid gr.) wers locul foods to avoid having to T| 115, il the Phi75, 232,000 more :d in sugат (апс
cl fru III land rerce years carlier.
calle Global Farlemical fertilizers maximize yields meet the foreign standard' Hild CFL !ion 15 (the Ur| Syndrome). Baural systerm on gies helps ensure produced will be Lhe import bi-a
dependency.
Bringing It All Back Horne
It's temptingly easy to bclicye ouT food proble.Ils are different from thost of the poor coultries-that their problem is scarcity and ours is OVCTsupply. In reality, ho Wet Wër, Wict and Lhe world's hungry face a common thrcat: the tightening of control over the most basic huma In 1eed-food-both Within our own country and on a global scale. The same increasing concentration of control over and :Lind Tha Tketing that directly causes hunger in unde developed countries is going on right here at home:
* Only 5.5 per cent of all agricultural corporations in the United States now operate over onc-half of all land in farms. The result is landlessness, joblessness and Sometimes even hunger in rural A.III erica.
* Almost 90 per cent of wegetable production in the United States is controlled, through coltracts or directly by a major processing corporations Many farmers arcady have no choice but to sign with Del Monte, or whoever, or go o Lii t of business.
* Fcwer tham 0.2 per cent of all U. S. food Illanufacturers control abolit 50 percent of all the industry's assets. The top sout formis in any given line control, on average, Irc that half of the larket. In 1972, the FedTal Trade Comri ission s tkl ff callculated that such oligopolies in 3 food lines were responsible for S2.1 billion in over charges. For the one o Llt af te Americans who II List spend an average of 69 per cent ofallico I e Il food. such inflated prices II can malnutri
Ot.
It is many of these same oligopolistic corporations, helped by gewerTiments and internationalagencic3, that El re no w penetra ting the Third World. Farmers, firin workers met pitckers and cannery workers lose their jobs as agribusiness rh:}. I 115 Ebrilydd. The United States already is importing roughly S1.4 billion worth of food annually

Page 19
more than hall of which competes directly with what U. S. farms -WםET
The Global Farm and Global Supermarket de Tot bring American consumers cheaper food. Do Ralston Purina's and Green Giant's mushroonis grown in Korea and Taiwan sell to Americans for less han those produced in the United States? Not one cent, according to a U. S. government study. Del Monte's and Dole's Philippine pineapples actually cost American consurners more than those produced
by a small company in Hawaii. On top of it al II, flying food from Global Farm to Global
Supermarket makes little sense in a fuel scarce world.
Glorifying it as 'food interdependence," multinational ag Tibusiness corportions right now are creating a single world agriCultural system in which thсу Will control all stages of food Production, from the soil in
Afghanistan to the gr{}Cery she|f in Des Moines. Eventually, they will be able to effectively manipu late supply and prices for the first time on a worldwide basis. The process is well under Way; we are already seeing the effects in the rising food prices we face today.
The opposite of such fake interdependence is not isolationism, Just as the opposite of the narrow
production focus We hawe to rede hunger problem i illot. Et :Chicall o from exploitation elitist government power - people
together they ar themselves - have Only will they
produce, but Lhe Ĉwer morc produc
Once people us to feed thensc, can become an ol of developinent - fragile hinge on vival hangs. No hope to "win" trade as long as depends on sellin
WQ products Coll Intry simply ca for just prices fo it is desperate fi change with whi food. Once the E met, h0 we wer, trad a heEllthy extensia Feed rather than E strictly by foreign Eind China have 's Irade does not ha cost of a decently
In contrast, thi and the Global S the type of inte One needs. They Screen for the is and labour by a
CORPORATE FLOWER
and foliage. R Istori Purin
Iu ass - prc) di Icing flowweerg in
chains. All of then have
then , air-freighting thcm to
fast- expanding crop on the Global Farm is OSE of Agriculture als Orlamental crop
Certa in Worldide firls, such as Sears,
("Green Thumb Division', Brands are getting into his business,
Pillտեսr: along with the
their eyes on the profits to
underdeveloped countries at the Global Supermarket's
Nortlı ArıEric and Europe (where, on the H"Er:4EEחםם לisו 3 per cent of their food budget on fresh flowers).
The agribusiness corporations will thus begin gaining the flower business from seed to Custone.
Historically,
business in countries like the United States has consiste
number of independent cnterprises: small grower-shippers and tens of thousands of retail shops. few corporations hope to change all I thilt. flowers, as United Brands did with bananas it the 1960s (i. and it arket them through the supermarket chains ind fra Flowers from the Global Farm might well the florist shops wil I go the way of tens "of
lets.
and pop" stores - out of business.
IIIrscries, grav
"They punto E
thousands of

is not stagnation fine thic World 4S El Social one, The. People freed by landlords, s is and corpora Le who know that "c Working for shown that not make the land W .E. I make it tive.
their own land "es First, trade rgánic ou Lgrowth - Inc. longer the lwhich basic surCOll Intry cal in international its very survival g only one ot IWCry year. A I lot hold out its expos if or foreign exich to import Pasic needs are le Can beconne Ll of datestic being det crimined der mildi. Cuba iho Will that food e to be at the fed population.
2: Global Farmı Supermarket are rdependence no
HГЕ a SIT10 ke|rpation of land few for a few.
S
F Wohllt fllL - Cut flowers Green Giant and United ibi: grocery Je made by low costs, divisions in Iners spend
C) Ifru UT the flower d of large grs, larger But now a Prili d- trium “Chiquita""). Ilchised out*igհենrligնtl Otr Illor
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Page 20
Labour
Asian Peasants (2)
Peasants need their ow for their protection
Th; land problem in Thailand with some local peculiaritics notwithstanding, is typical of the problem as it exists in large parts of Asia. Landless Inc3s and tena I1cy are on the increase in the north, north-east and the Central Plains. Rents exceed 50% of total prodution; credit is usually available only at usurious rates which keep the farmers always in debt and marketing is in the hands of merchants who Inanage to buy up the harvest at cheap prices.
It should be fairly clear from Thailand's experience that inspite of the ILO's high-soulding Con
wention on Rural Workers Organisations, the government does not hawe much interest in itexcept to the extent of using
U. N. aid, and indeed the ILO Convention itself, to prop up its own organisations to support the exponents of landlord-based capitalist farming.
The many dilemmas that confront genuine peasant organisations a Tc not te tricted to opposition only from internal sources in a ountry. Often there is collusion between commercial-inclustrial and external political interests with similar forces within a coultry, whose common interest is to either keep peasants in a state of bondage dör i to incorporate the In under exploitative conditions into schemes of urban cum foreignoriented export agriculture. In such schemes land under food crops is diverted to clish crops,
plantation style economy. The cash crops are then destined to be sold in privately operated stores in towns and citics of exported overseas as raw material or food for western industry and consu
18
The Philippines experience
The Philippine rience pro wides : of how exter la tid iterest5 : range themselves alid is als) illus situations ill () Asia:A CLI tries w Qf Wiet NaII1.
Indeed, Philip full of peasant sant organisatio T to TESist the de │ tions of peasa Spanish coloniali Ticaları arı d local ca, Inc to be sup;
Under the Spa to one of the P: historians, Ricin: “in th: countrys than in the city gress - had de pri standards of the solutely and relat ful Llewel op 12 nt export i inter 13 i fi: suffering... Land r scd ..., (en alts for I0 CDI13-ELLTAlt- () no longer sure ply. But above crop ecolo Tın y iI of and and owning as many ble. The religio Sp:A. rhisH1 l:1 nı icʼb"W principales, the Chinese meztigծ: tage of the vari to dispsis ig peasants off the Superiti positiori capitalism
Later, the A a layer of capit ting feudal syst society. The At

Baljit Malik
fn organisations
historical
historical expea classic example Il inte:Tlal WesThe together to against peasants, trative of similar Ehler So Ll th1 – Eas L in the exceptil
pinc history is uprisings and Pea is being formed criorating condiits first under still and the Ame. capitalism, which :r-imposed on it,
niards, according lilippine's leading to Coils tan tillo, טm Dr 5ם ו3rhון שid Cço nomic proassed the living In:Asses, both lbively. The successof cash crops for 1 exploitation :ırı d entals were increated by land owners m csh crops were of their fod supall, the exportcr:5: L'hic Wall Llt he desirability of ’hectares :15 possils orders and other mers, the In: Liwe rising class of 5 till took advill
LIs lland laws ... morant and poor ir small plots."
of American
ni Cricans imposed :al is in the exis2m in Philippine merican-influenced
process of development ensured pea Sant della Inds would gou Theedcl. and a new crop of h1: cicil das would crm crge u nder tlic control of cxport-oriented busi Less corporations.
As a result of sustained antipeasant policies, the averaged tenancy rates rose from 38 to 60 percent between 1903-1946 (Agraria In UTn rc5 L and Pea 5arıt OrgaIıisations in the Philippines by Gcrtit Huizer, Institute of Social SLLIdies, The Hague). The conditions of peasants dict criorated particularly in Central Luzon, Nueva Ecija and Pamp:ling;.
However, as in earlier Spanish times, all the Filipino people did mot all w All Tical Colonialis II 1 and its collaborators a frec hand to usurp their land, abour and çul Lu Te. Willile the Allericareducated leadership acquired the know-how to use colonial educatiol, ciclo II hiCS and politics to furtler iL5 wl intergst5, “the illstill ctive Wisdom of the masses-El product of their own experiencegave rise to a growing social awareness.' Peasants began to feel the lead to regain their security aid also to realize the Ileed for
lited action.
Socialism and Communis II
In the 1920s and 1930s organised sharecroppers' and agricultural labou refs” unions began to be organised. III ievitably these ørganisations Crime to be influenced by Socialism and Communisill. That was oily to be expected for it was Marxis in that first spearheaded an articulate intellectual and political attack against colomialisII, imperialism and fascism. The mix of Marxist ideology with local peasant perceptions of injustice and inequality, Was not entirely successful in liniting wa

Page 21
rious peasa Int group 5; a Lleas [ not in the beginning. But gradually the need for unity began to be felt and in 1938 the Socialist and Communist parties decided on a merger.
The great Depression further aggravated the peasalts' living standards.
Huk peasants and the Great War
The effects of foreign involveInent in anti-peasant movement In easures bc.canic evidcn in the collisc of events during and following the Great War.
It was in Luzon, where the Conditi Jins of peasants were at their Worst that a strong a TitiJapanese guerrilla movement came in to being. The lucleus of this moveillen L was provided by the HLlks. Blit there Wore : 150 011:T anti-Japt nese America 1. suppurted guerrilla bad 5. For the Huks the importance of the re sist:LIi ce was not only to fight the Japaпенс, but to combine the antiJapanese Inovement with a broader socio-economic programme of agrarian chan gc for the benefit of the Peasant Imasses.
The Collimonwealth Government and the Americans did not trust the Hulks for precisely this reason, They were only interested in anti-Japanese resistance and not in Inny programme of structural agri rial, il chlangC.
With the defeat of Japan, an interesting charge occurred in the LLLLLL S LLLaLLLL u SS LGtHELLLLGLL S S S LLLLLL Huks and those who had collabrated witly the Jip: nesc. They (the Americans) wanted to ensure that an independent Philippine gøvernment Would in no Way jeta disc their economic illerests. It was in tlı Americah 1 il te Test to see that Free Trade was not interfered with. But, having become an open Ilarket for American goods, there was little room left for Filipino industrial enterprise to develop. Moreover, the lucra
tive trade in export crops led to
increasing agrarian tension and demobilization of the peasantry.
The HLiks rep. huingry', pleasaintir Illot to tTLS t till being thrashed Filipino elite cl, Ii Cills. Accordii (Bc.) Trade A: rica. Il trade Tel Idence would Continue orl L: trade; the Phili: Would lico L. TestT
Olls fra Ilı tlı U. S. and Americ Corporations wo parity with Filip rights over natu public utilities.
Democratic al ments in the PH possibly accepts ing eTo Sion of : Inity on the eve
Americal interfe
However, the equally dicterini in the course o tics. They supp and tactical ilk candidates' in P so that Lhe H other deilocrati b) C Col Lilęd. victory of their i[], [ht: 1946 elgt ca, is collcluded Agreement to s. Illic interests Filipino illust Tad tion that persist CHS Inti Tl Weille Socialist, in the has to thus fink with repression g0 Werl Lii:Llt wh intelligence appa up by an ext (Lt C protect and econo hic i
A particular i Så I 1 Cirgit, nisil tio

esertiling the landhad good reason
nc W El gree Ilıcııts out between the sses and thic Ameg to the Philippine , Philippine-Annetitulis a fitcr. inde
be allowed to e basis of free spine government ict the flow of Philippine to the aris : Intl American uld be treated on ines for investment ral Tesources and
id nationalist cleilippincs could not uch : free-wheelconomic sovereig
of independence.
ΓΕΕΠΕΕ
Americans were led to interfece f Philippine poliorted with money iwice their own hilippine elections uk peasants and eleIllents could After eisuring the nonlinec, Roxas, :tions, the Aneria Military Basics afeguard their ecoand those of the o classes, a situas 111 til Thow. Any In L., com 111 LI Luis 4, or Philippines today a way of coping from a domestic ose defencc and ratus is propped e Tinal go werf) i ile:Ilt its own political tests.
dilci II la for picams in Soul-East
Asia (and to lesser extent in South Asia) has becn the influence of a McCarthyist anti-Communist phobia, which has been imported into the region from the U. S. A. The late forties and early fifties were the decades when under Trueman and McCarthy the U. S. began to suffer from a chronic fear of Communism. To nurse such a fear and capitalise om it was better for American business than to try to understand Conmunism as a political philosophy or its relevance to peasant-based Asia in socictics. The latter course would hawe involved making concessions to nationalist economic inter e5 15.
In reacting with characteristic para noia to the “da ngcirs" of Com1 munish, the Americans denied themselves the opportunity to appreciate the significance of the great victory of Chinese peasants over the Kuomintang rcgime. Instead, they went on to refitic a policy of disguised "intervention" to contain the emergence of peaSaint movements that sought to transfor in the existing social and economic relations in society. According to this policy overt military measures against peasant organisations would be combined with certain welfare projects as part of a wider counter-insurgency programme. Indeed, such a policy was supposed to have been followed at its best when Ramon Magsaysay became president in 1953.
However, in the end, peasants, particularly landless labourers and ha recroppers, can hardly be said to have been helped to redeem their inistrable living conditions. All they have been given is a few crumbs and plenty of bombs. II the circunstances, ore Lham ever tlicy need their own organisations to protect the Illselves.
19

Page 22
Books New light on
by Reggie Siriwardena
suppos to most people the name "Lara" calls up the image of Julic Christic's face ind the strails of that nostalgic melody lät Eccolulted for Iliast of the popularity of David Lean's fill. The real-life Lara was, however, Boris Pasternak's long-standing
menoirs have now been tra islated and published in English as A CAPTIWE OF TIME: MY YEARS WITH PASTERNAK (Collins). The effect, as a TLS reviewer puts it, is rather as if Beatrice had done an expose of Dante.
Mme. Ivinskaya shows Pasternak up as wain, lacking in moral courage and anxious to preserve his social position and his personal comforts. When he was around sixty, he underwent an operation for facial surgery in order to preserve his good looks. Morcover, when Mile. Iviskaya Was about to be discharged from a forced labour carup (a fate Pasternak newer shared becaj se he was too carcful), hic sent her a message saying that he couldn't retain her as his mistress if she had lost her beauty during her years of imprisonment
There has been a long-standing story that Pasternak "let down” his fellow-poet Osip Mandel'shtam when the latter was arrested, in 1934 für Writing and circulating privately a satirical poem about Stalin (Mandel'shtam is believed to have dictd in Siberia in 1938). In her remarkable memoir of her husband's last years (translated into English as HOPE AGAINST HOPE), Mme. Mande "shall cxculpa tcd Paste TInak of this charge. Mme. Iwinskaya Inow gives us her own version of the story.
According to her, a fortnight or 50 before his a Trest, Mandel'- shtam ran in to Pasternak on the street , and Tecited to a hir In thc "Stalin” poem. Pasternak Teacted with panic: "I didn't hear this. You didn't recite to ille... Let us
2O
Pasterr
Ilake out that
* Wiel MITE” ald Blukhla Tiflı il behalf, Stalin to Č0 151ult Ilili i literary standin; Mille. Iwinskaya action was such down the phone you just al ren’t
for a con rade."
All im all, thi of decades ag choicc when it ls an à Iti-Schwiet later had the g| his convictions, tist some of the Iwinskaya holds nak Lihat in thc: he acted 'spinel though she dil others helped to to do so. She hic acted as hc preserve his litera he leeded to ill fortable life-styl addicted.
I think, ho' ZHIWAGO Wns. Worth being mai years ago, at l l Nobel Prize fullT Towel in Lorder al the fuss wis congratulate Inys ural Incc and " te stuck through because DR. ZH me one of th li realid ble Cowel the twentieth-c novels un fortuna the ambition to on the WAR A which the Write social experience Iowel-structure t
III a TeccTL CT t|g{1 PASTERN University Press) Gifford ad its t of DR HIWAG but Imakes llar

Iak
I hea Td mothing. hitam was aTTested terceded on his homed Pasternak in Mandel'shtam's 3. According to Pasterilak's rethat Stalin put saying, “I sce, able to stick up
a West a couple a made a bad picked Pasternak hero (Solzhenitsyn Teater courage of lowe wcir obscu Tan:m were). Mme. it against Paster
"Zhivago" affair, essly' in recanting, its that she and prevail on him is convinced that did in order to ry contracts which aintain the cone to which he was
Wewer, that DR in any case, not rtyrcd for. Twenty e height of the Te, L Tead the to find out what about. I rather elf on my endnacity in hawing it to the end, IWA (GO) see 15 0 e world's most ls. It is one of entury Russia 1 tely inspired by produce an epic ND) PEA CE Scale has neither the nor the sense of
sustain.
itical Study entiAK (Cambridge
Professor Henry he imperfections O as a Lo Well, ger claims fot
Pasternak as a poet. To ille these claims too appear largely unfounded. Pasternak seems to me a good minor lyric poet, but Ilothing
hic wrote has the brcadith, the penetration into the central expcricnces of his society, that
characticrise Blok’s THE TWELWE or Anna Akhmatova's REQUIEMthe two picaks, for Illic, of twenticth-century Russian poetry. Nor does Pasternak's work have the personal heroic strength of the last poems of Mandel'shtan, biccause Pas LCrnak simply did not have that kind of courage and resilience. He could not have written, as Mandel'shtam did, this poem to Stalin, with death staring hiri in the face (I quotic Clarence Brown's translation):
You took away all the oceans and all the room.
You gawe in e my shoe-space in ea Tith, with ba Ts ToLund it"
Where did it get you? Nowhere.
You left me my lips and they shape Words, even in silence.
Where I do agree with Professor Gifford is that Pasternak Was a great translator of poetry.
As with Ezra Pound, his technical gifts and his feeling for language showcd themselves to best advantage in acting as the transmitting Inedium for a content already given by a greater poet. Pas termak's wersions of six of Shakespeare's tragedies will probably survive among the world's grcat translations (his HAMI. ET and LEAR were used by Grigory Kozint sew in the two flincst Shakespeare films made anywhere). I must confess that I sometimes find myself even preferring some of Pasternak's lines, in thcir Pushkin-like brevity and pregnant simplicity, to thc Shakespearean
originals. As when hic rendcrs Cleopatras Word5 on the Werge of death:
I am fire and air; my other clicTelts
I give to baser life -
as (I translate literally back from thic Russia II):
I am air and fire, All else I Ica we to dust.

Page 23
| Anniversary
20th anniversary of Cuban ri
anuary 1st 1979 marks the bar:20th aniniversary of Revolutionary Cuba, the Free Territory of the AImiericas aind the first socialist state in the Western Iemisphere. It was on the last day of cember 1958 that the dictator Batista flew out to Miami, Florida and on the next day, Fidel Castro led the victorious rebel Army into Hlava na,
The Cuban experience is of trellendous relevatice to the peoples of thc Tricontinental countries. The history of Cuba is the history of Latin America, Africa and Asia. Indeed that history of imperialist domination, economic underdevelopment and political repression is the prics.cnt reality of most 'Third World' countries. It is this fact that brings into sharper focus the sutstanding
I HAVE
When I look at and touch myself,
, John-Only. y esterday - with-Moth ing, and John-With-Everything-today,
With everything today,
how it could have happened.
I have, let's see:
I caп 5 ау сапе, I can say mountain.
can say city,
I can say arrηγ, army say,
and the vast splendor of
I have, let's see:
I have the pleasure of going ( just Fan cxarmilo)
have thic pleasure of going ning, a pH a 5ant, a worker. a širTople minan,
a chieve Tın cints of lution in the economic and
For the past government and have successfully selves ägains. t. a L 'distabiliza ico the worlds's i mig power. Despilt: location only 90 the USA, and i population ţarul Cuba has not or successfully and socialist construc also consistenly nationalist duky peoples of Latin and Asia who a genuine nationa democracy and s (Салllншғd {
I Slange araund, Isak and see and touch Tyself and wonder
I have the pleasure of walking my country, the owner of all there is in it. exa rin ining at very clase rango what | could not and d ld not hawa beforo,
now mine forever and Yours, ours,
the sunbeam, the star, the flower.
to a bank and speaking to the manager,
net in English, י", ח51** חt iם ח
| ha Ye let’s see: that being Black
but in companero as we say in Spanish.

ëvolution “We dlo. Tot have the slight est doubt. There will be victories, г., ка there will, be reverses, there will tlıç Revo- be advances there bb re
Sosial, Political || reas; but they ar a cultural spheres era, the victory of the peuples
in the face of injustice, in the tv-Illy Years, 1he face of exploit: tion1, in the fince people of Cuba of oligarchy, in the face of Imperialdefended then- lišп, whatever the Jinistrikes, th: 1 tintless ltg: III. s Inının musiker 5, whater er tille mistuken nless attçılıp ideas that may be obstacies on 1 011 tille par L of th : TC); d; it is ine, itable.
lies imperialist ti geographic
"We have spoken to you with complete and abstoute frankness;
lies away from we know that the true revolutio. Ls. Tell, welly small laries, will always be in soliIrld II) in illion), darity' with Cuba; we know that iy defended itself no true revolutionary, that no у астепdi communist on this coitinent, thur embarked upon glin ongoir people, will ever let in but it has himself be indiced to take those fulfilled its inter. positions which would lead him in respect of the to an alliance with in perialism;
:sp yn c which would make him go hand America, Africa "B"." ini peri: list TF 5 trigg lig for lasters against the Cuban Rico.
independence, litfolian de la guipost the " Latin Cicialis III. Anierical Rey olution.
}] page :) (To page Fz)
! can be stopped by loose it the door ofa dancing hall or bar. Or even at the desk of a hotel hawe so rTneor1e yg! I at me there are no 5וחםםח; a small room and not one that's immerise, a tiny room where I might rest.
| ha Wé, let's Fae: that there äre no rural police to seize me and locking. In a precinct jail, or tea me from my land and cast rni In the middle of the highway.
| halwe that ha Ying the land I have the 화학, no country clubs
ոE high lifը,
to tennis and no yachts, but, fron, beach to beach and wave on Wilag, gigantic blue open democratic: in Short the Sea.
I have, let's scu: that I have learned to rend,
l 1 h = We that | I hawe earned to Writa, Irid to think
and to laugh,
haWC, the now I have Pläte Eo work
a rhid, clearn
YWhat I ha Ye to eat. I have let's sga;
hf. We What was Cc3 Tirig to mia.
NicdLAS GULLEN

Page 24
Press opinion
ජනදීන Evils of the capitalist system
he failure of the Go WCIn the
to take action against those supporters of the UNP w to TEsorted to terrorist action against their political opponents soon after the victory of the UNP at the last elections has resulted in a loss of respect and fear of the law that law breakers Carlier had. This can be seen from the fearful crimes taking place today. In the North the loss to human life and property caused by Certain organised groups, in defiance of even the sccurity forces, is now considerable. The Goverillicht has failed to arrest a single person connected with these activities, nor has it been able to unearth the background to these events and apply a remedy. Om tic Cl trary, far from seeking solutions, responsible members of this Dll TInishtra government hil We succeeded in spreading racial enmity. The
(confired from Pege el
Thus, Cuba is Tills international prestige and trennendous impact on thic contemporary world scene. It is no exaggeration to say that Cuba, Once a statellite of the USA and a playground foT its millionaires and mobsters, is now a factor that has to be taken into account in every capital city of the world. Despite the propo ganda offensive launched by the USA, its statellites in the "Third World', and the present leadership of China, the peoples of the Tricontinental countries know full well that Cuba's is the sling of David" (Jose Marti). Fittingly enough therefore, the 6th Summit conference of the Nor Aligned Movement takes place this year, in Havaria.
We reproduce here an except from Fidel Castro's closing speech at the founding session of the OLAS, which we think best sums up the spirit of the Cuban revoIu tio n. We also publish a poem by Nicholas Guillen, the cטuווtry'5 port laureate, which imaginatively cçılı rast5 life in pre-alid post
only result of thi breed more cril tle is la Thi
ర్నిరో
What happen the boast?
he manner in
of pel Tol WHL days a go Teveals Ilment acts. Froll has beem incretisk galloil-an increat cent. The decis producing countr OPEC was Lo incr per cent a Tid tha stages, 5 per Ce Accordingly, the dle 31. Jalla Ty Minist's till critics ill budgel government had price of cil ha 5 befo Te the 5 per crease has come much for the F hit we Words.
revolutionary Cub point of the aver:
Carr frtired F. W di nt L it priori, Te do d) Ts t 1, IIIy () E1 E block; We Expr' defend our ide hege idČAS. W. IT Lite confidence lLitionaries in ti naries, in the
* Th. 5: Will ni u Lor, th E2 5: T1 ilrı il 1 newer
lutinary m) y ėl A Tierica.
"We do not
us what ticissil | gers, What strug
prepared, and to prepa T O’Liris day we will be prcрагеd.
"But Use thi yw £2 Barc C&ll TlhI, Y little island yw i revolutionary VV aftainst it all intrigues, Η Πd will be sIE: shed this Will thel': ' banner with th Muert EE | WET 14.

s would be to les throughout
ශ්‍රීත
2d to
which the price s increase W() Hıcıw tilis gover IIIRs. i3-30 petro d to Rs. 20 a se of over 50 per ion of the cil ies that forml case prices byls L too in three nt at a tifTe. first ic cast Wils 1. The Finance
time that this mot increased the I10W faded even cent OPEC ininto effect. So inance Minister's
a from the viewige Cuban citizen
rarr; Pergel 2)
On 11 linyone not close the en masse in a ss or ills, W. is, we debate yiye hi ve bisCOin the ree true revolutictrue ELIIIllullist5.
ut fill thi TE Y = * 13 Our RE WOIL
fail the Tyment of Latin
limov, T'ı alt :ı ya its ! Eudes, wh: i dalillgles. But we are 3 very day we try elves, and Every Efter and ijetter
|E үғе не сіңіп Sily: we feel slf, this Il lulways o ble : all of granite and conspiracies, all si i aggressions | Ailtil high uil tIll will fy fra revera 1e legend: Patria ceremos!"
FIDEL CASTR () |
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AGENCES
CKSTS
OF WORLD FAMOUS
NTN - BALL AND ROLLER BEARINGS
ALIL STATE TWELDING ELECTRO DES
TANAKIT OXYACETYLENE CUTTING SETS
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P. O. Box 1693, 543 York Street,
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459 . . . 459 6
|38| Cobam|| Ce
PICTE:
Te|2X:

Page 25
Appreciation
Mr E. H. de Alwis
one weeks have already passed S since the death of Mr. E. H. de Alwis. His death was sudden, specially for those of us who read his latest contribution on the El ges of the Lanka Guardian, on the Ist- of November. Many I am sure werc bracing themselves for another series of discussions on education, similar to the one which Mr. de Alwis stimulated through his earlier writings Bcing a broad social thinkcr hic also could link these changes to the wider Socio-economic developments of our society. We have lost in him n0t only a provocative commentator who could bring us out of oir apathy, but also an able observer on education and a Spokes
nam sor progi chal nges.
The period w funcio red as Education was in the educatio country. He direct the Depa natiu) F124|| ali la:Lingua: In 21 the fill fib tles in getting II diurn of in Schools and un de Ts to od the sig Charges, not m. tion of one lan but as an in de 11 ocratization spreading its be part of our pop
Cryptic Crossword No. 2
Big Daddy idi Amin special By Stripex
Across CLUES
I. S. L. pact With Illi Ainin dimin-i-shed and almindel;
could be about official seats)
5. Armii arrangement I kểop Cut of tữ let
firlal shelf (...)
back ornia
10. Wakil derer Almin drops in to get Temporary Residence
Permit 15)
11. The skill needed by the right-hand
on 15 Big Daddy? (9)
llari cof such a
12. Amin, spoonerised, fed to give life (7)
3. Anii mixing with family â Pfeilir 5 a small iman! (7) 14. 1 idi. Animin, initially, tılırmış a European (H)
I6. Gun-love of one at the
reclving end of speech by
dictator, not necessarily Big Daddy (5)
19. Big Daddy, initially, takes in female bird
I rear (5)
1. Transfer of properly is a great deal to Amin. Пcгillips (8)
24. (Not just President for if let
lasting, I'm off 7. 25. Release fron Amin: Lum upset (7)
27- A Til, des pot, puis out adito ge:t I thL:
learning, becomes gullible person (9)
A III i II, ET,
be Ever
beginning of
28 Name the bird the Spanish back, one of several owned
by Big Daddy (5)
29. Aid-giv, ri who began Dada on alternatives (6) 3). Weill back oil the President (molt Big Daddy) returning
with the journalist (B) Do Wh
I'm out of Amin Paci to get forty winks (6) Quiet Entebbe's is zero, that's a commonplace (9) Psi! An in to ba sa l-bearer when in is out (7)
Rey, Amin dropping the third nate to us can be hell (7)
.
4. Put up log to the East, the heart of Idi is in it (5)
T
A round of cards? Big Daddy is full of them (5)

S SSSSSSSS
ressive educational
when Mr. de Alwis
the Director of a significant one nal history of our Was fortunate to TIT-Ill WyllET te ges were winning 1 the hardest bill. established as thic 3 trill Clion in tour iversities. He ungnificance of these rely Els a substitugli Ege by a IOL her, JOrtflmt factor in
of education by nefits to a greater Many of
ulation,
H
8. Providing Amin only with US
thousand (6,2)
his Writings bear this to us clearly. Even his final contributions about the contemporary Educational scene on the pages of Lanka Grardian indicate the importance that was given by him Lo question of Imediu IIn of instrution in schools.
While he performed his duties as the Director of Education at a crucial time, his departure from us also took place at a time when
our Society needs more of his calibre, ideas and - vision. Thus his abscnoe will be felt gTeatly.
I will A be a gap that is hard to fill nol Only because of his knowledge as an educationist of a liberal tradition, but also as one who could put forward his ideas with a literary skill of a highest starldard.
- Sunil Bastian
thousand for Roman
9. Inspector, formerly, when Amin and British գԱeen met (8)
15. Amin Motel loses direction as sacrifice B
7. diç:t A, mir1 in ch: Tge ill over? That's Lizzling! (9)
18. Preoccupied. Bess does as Big Didly is with 28's (B)
Peri (in Dada country: that sounds like; }
Clift-hanger. No, justahanger (7)
Aruniri, or Lo putit differently, not a top
student (7)
23, Wait for somewhat tender mercies of Big Daddy (6) 25. With GI out of the way, Arı iri. Ego colid III:Like: hir Tı
III. Els rish staltesimam,
miliarly 5
26. Amin perhaps goes to the East for sllekels (5)

Page 26
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SIA Office: Lloyd's Building, 15A Sir Baron Jayati
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

'oeing fleet of exclusive 747Bs, perjets, 737s and, our new world’s most advanced Boeing trijet), 50 cities in 25 countries with over rvices a week, including daily flights iddle East, UK, Europe, the Orient a. Wherever in the world you travel , you'll enjoy a standard of service even other airlines ut. Backed by 30 years of g experience. A great way to fly
APAPAWAF AN/AWZ/MWA5767
SEOUil
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AUCKLAND
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MAELEBOURNE
lake Mawatha, Colombo I. Tel. 24148, 24181, 21.501.