Page 1
Vo || || No. 2 March
Sinhala films anc
ran : Where
The Battle
Mahaweli O Asian Theolo
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

After the boycott T.U.L.F. DILE MMA
, 979 Price Rs. 2/50
( ) big money
in sociology
Laksiri jayasu riya oppressed groups
Ananda Jayaweera
the money went
Mervyn de Silva
of the Blues
Elmer de Haan
ју O which way for the left?

Page 2
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SEITDEHJ, SHEITHIW HI.
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Page 3
Trends
A professional' at the top
The 'n' In Rasaputram is misleading said a senior introducing the "new boy' to the Common room. He is not from the Peninsula, he added without a trace of racial prejudice. only from Nuցegoda.
Those were the days when Thurstan Road, both University and neighbouring Royal College, was largely free of Sinhala-Tamir tensions and the North-South dialogue Was conducted with Intellectual intensity but TIL TILL
Dr. W. Rasa putra m7, now appointed Governor of the Centra Bank, wa: one of those Nugegoda bus/train lads who made It to the top like Stanley Tillekeratne who became 5pgd= ker, Arthur Basnayake who became Ambassador, and Godfrey Gund tilleke, who becarne Dr. Gamar Corea's deputy.
Arnold Arnandian, The Volined the Bank. In the early 50's after getting h/s PhD at Wisconsin.
He is the first 'prosessional" ta
Take it to the top floor, His μΓgdecessors were either outsiders" or came in at the floor below as Deputy Goverпог.
Wol. I No. 21 March 1, 1979
CONTENTS
Letters 3 - 4 News background 5 - 6 Mahaweli project 7 People 8 - 9 Bookles
O Iחaח
II - 12 Asian Theology
3 - 14 Sri Lankan sociology 5 - 16 Symposium on Left |7 Ed Lu Ĉation 8 - 19 Cinema 2 - 22 Battle of the Blues
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Royal College In the rey: ti centenary "Battle near figured in contents sf the Clation Indցdzine of Strong Censur backbencher. tes Cher5 have t the parents of Sorrie Students th the police.
Royal, the nu highly anglicised geneous elite, d. and untouched by polític 5, Are we fissures in the L Insidiously moving Covered by class;
An upper clais T “This k Tnd of tro eyer our children ke the kids in
Singapore Cor
While Air Ceyl, of international

|ANGE OF ADDRESS
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Editur:
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which will be much is for tright as the
of the Blues' draws drid ment when the Temi Literary Assabecame the subject e by a government Now severa Tarn ween pшпished and many students and emselves grilled by
rsery of Colombo's and fair sy homoppeared un troubled y ra cfd // sin or ratifa | seeing the first 'pper crust? is race | Înto crevices ance
a PTT Í parert Taared: eatment may make politically minded
the North."
11e Ction
on, the 5 fick Child aviation, keeps
'crashing' Ir to the front pages, the Infant AJr. Lanka's activitles have prompted an interesting reaction from Australia. The following comment appeared in the National Times, Sydney,
'Sri Lanka's recently re-established air/I ne, Air Lanka, has chosen Singapore Airlines as its managing agent to help set Lup administrat son and determine policy.
"This development puts ideas Qantas and the Department of Transport ha ve been exploring of using Colombo Instedd of Singapore as a refueling stop on the Kangaroo route, if Singapore denies Qantas anding rights in retailation for Australia's new air fares policy detrimentally affecting Singapore and Its girline.'"
"There is no way now that Air Lanka or its Government would dow their airport to be used for retailation agaiпst Slлgapore."
Wall posters
Sri La riks7 has na Chi/nese Was or di nything like the "democracy was''
(Carrier a page ge)
paid to

Page 4
Letters
China's
What is the non-alignment move." ment going to do when a major power which claims to be a great supporter of non-alignment invades a non-aligned country?
This is the issue facing all memEers of the movement. What is the essence of non-alignment? The answer will be clear and cannot be challenged. It is genuine national independence. If there is any people in the World that has proved their absolute commitment to this ideal it is surely the Vietnamese nation that has sacrificed so much in fighting the Japanese, the French and the Americans. The modern history of the world has no stronger and more shining example. That is why all nations, specially small nations, stood Lup and saluted the Vietnamese for their courage and Patriotism and self-sacrifice.
Now a nuclear power had invaded a small neighbour. The same power that talks so loudly about big Powet hegemonism and expansionism and preaches sermons to the non-aligned countries. Why hawe the leaders of China who once preached pancha-sila taken such action? It is to teach a lesson to Wietnam that It Cannot follow it5 own foreign policy, its own independent policies in relation to others. Wietnam must get into the Chinese Orbit, Wietnam must follow the dictates of China. Wietnam must obey. Otherwise it will be punished.
Now we know how much respect China really has for the nonalignment movement. Let those who thought that China was a truc friend of non-alignment note the conduct of China. Actions, as a Chinese saying goes, speak better than Words. has no place whatsoever in the non-alignment movement as friend or supporter.
The non-alignment nations must not remain passive. They must act. The first responsibility is on the Coordinating Bureau. Otherwise a dangerous precedent will
aggression
be created. Also, will be done to strength of the also threater the Widual Thember 5
TÉ 1
Secondly, we sh Więtra II. Wą5 50 years of war t is in ruins. G including Sri Lank help to this coun nomic and financi come to nothing rise up in Vietna code II in one wo arrogance of the
Colombo - 6
The Ti
prob
It is indeed that at long las just now interest amicable solution problem, which F development of C since We ach lewe im || 명7.
This minority with the 50-50 PՃոnam balam, fo demand for feder Chelwa nayakam E the fight for diw to ponder as to been such an in: finding an amica this problem, w not there when the British.
At this junctur vant to argue t created this ProE reference to the days will serve pose. What we is that the prob that we must tai a lasting solution. say that in the for Independence stages there was of harmony betw and Tam il speakir

great damage the unity and movement and security of indiof the moye
ould note that ravaged by 30 hat its economy enuine friends, a, were offering try. This ecoall assistance will If We do not m's dnfence and ice the bullying Chinese ader5,
H. Promadasa
minority lem
nearten ing news te TULF || 5 ed in fin dingan to this Wexed Las Plagued the Jr. country, ewer d independence
question began cry of G. G. lowed by the 'ation headed by 2nding up with ision. It is good why there has ordinate delay in ble solution to hich was really We Were under
e it is irreleat the British lem for us. Any re-independence Ofi բurmust all realise em is the Te and kle it and find Suffice it to nation's fight in the early a high degree een the Sinhala ig Communities.
I do not therefore think that it is far from wrong to say the problem as it stands today is the creation of our own politicians. During the last thirty years it has assumed such formidable and dangerous proportions, because the political leaders of all parties abused this apparent cleavage to feather their own nests. This is not the time to talk of past sins. If We are to make an honest effort to usher in a free and just society, it is imperative that we embark on this difficult venture as a united nation.
There arte, of course, more sides than one to this question and it is therefore not so easy to come to any Settlement accePtable to one and all, unless We view it in the correct perspective. Language, religion a Find Culture are not matters that should cloud the issue. It is, to my mind a purely economic problem, which has been aggravated by other considerations not really rele want to the crux of the question.
The time is therefore opportune for all our political, religious and social leaders to discuss the matter fully at a Round Table Conference in a very friendly atmosphere. There is no person
other than ir present Presi dent himself who should take the initiative in the matter.
A foreign mediator will not be necessary if we all decide to view the problem impartially. There is no reason to doubt that we are incapable of finding a lasting solution to the problem among ourselves. Pride and prejudice are the two things we should avoid in a free and frank discussion of this i nature,
Kandy A. G. G. Peter
Movie maker WS critics
The article by Gamini Dissamai ke en titled + "Mowie maker ws the critics" in the issue of
2.79. is a scathing attack on Lester James Peiris, internationally
(Criா: தge 2r)

Page 5
News background
After the boycotts
Youth, Rajadurai and
r. Amirthalingam, the TULF leader, it was reported, saw the President late last week to discuss (a) university admissions and the new quota system which the TULF has described as di 5criminatory and (b) the hardy perennial of Tamil politics, colonisation in the north,
On the same day, the TULF Issued a statement in which it Welcomed Mr. De Sai"5 recent offer to "mediate" on the grievances of the Tamil people, if invited. The TULF said it would
"not stand in the way" if the government took the initiative. However tactfully worded, the
statement did refert to " "an amlcable solution" although it criticised the UNP for not honouring its own election pledge and policy declaration about "an allparty conference'.
Two other decisions of the TULF highlight the growing dilemmas of the leadership. (a) It took disciplinary action against Mr. C. Rajadurai, a senior Eastern province MP for appearing on the same platform as the Prime Minister and (b) decided to 're-organise' its youth wing.
The TULF's boycott of the debate con the latest amendment to the constitution (an MP who is expelled from a party will not automatically lose his seat) put the spotlight on Mr. Rajadurai's political future and the TULF's own discomfiture. It had to take notice of Mr. Rajadurai's action and the a decision which would not hawe been palatable to al|| members. But it also had to take note of its own rebellious youth wing which has become increasingly independent of the parent body, if not downright defiant.
The TULF organisation or its more activist hard-tore has tea
med up with far Tore radici i s an a lance
'Let our leat their feet whi The mood of . was summed up after the recen of schools in t When it ended
Wo things wer Was a failure highly successful it was organised ing of the TU even Without t "by-your-leave".
The boycott according to the 50,000 students Minister has no But about 50 could lose their
The "protest' the new unive Schelle and a repairing school
Unrest
its issue of the Lanka Gut featured an artit dents in sorrow focussed primaril ble conditions : Dum bara Camp that "trouble (s them thiar hills'. had passed asti when this predi O Lut in II o Lu nimis student was take Were no médica on campus and instructed that the Katugas tota hospital however to seek treatine Ceritre on Perad

TULF dilemma
other organisations il and militant. It for action".
ders talk or drag ile we act .. ...". hese youth groups in this fashion t 5ix-day boycott he north and cast,
On February 6th 'e clear : (a) it in the east but in the north (b) Without the back. LF, and perhaps he courtesy of a
was supported, 2 'Sun' by about i. The Education
W pardoned them. to 200 teachers jobs.
пnalnly agaiпst !rsity admissions leged delays in i damaged by the
cyclone, was organised by several groups, ranging from Kumar Ponnambalam's ACTC to W. Ponnambalamos Red Tamil movement. But they Played a periphera rola according to observers in Jaffna. The "thrust came from the TULF's rebel youth wing and some new Tamil youth organisations.
While
the University quota system remained the principal issue, it is interesting to note
that there were other da mands, economic and political. One was the rising cost of living, and the other a demand to scrap the F.T.Z.
Informed observers of the Jaffna scene note that political activity is not only moving out of the parlamentary arena but the motivating ideas are becoming more radică.
A new generation youth seem to be contradicting the conventional notion of th docile or "tame" Tamil
of Tami
in a new Campus
Шапшагу 1, 1979, dian (No. 7) le captioned Stuor anger?" which " on the deplorarevailing at the s and predicted as) brewing in Hardly a month T OLIr Comment
TIOn Was borne akable terms. A n ill, but there acilities available
the authorities he be taken to 05pital. At the
they were told t at the Heath niya campus. But
the medical facilities like the ribrary facilities at Peradeniya have been made unavailable to the Dunbara Campus students by administrative fiat. This was the last straw. A spontaneous strike and sit-in was staged with the students finally threateing to fast to death if their demands were not met.
The authorities both at Dumbara and Colombo were deprived of the opportunity of blaming 'outside agitators" and leftist Students Unions for the simple reason that (as we pointed out in our earlier comment) the only student union permitted to function is that which is affiliated to the UNP. while the only outsiders (including

Page 6
Perado niya students) permitted entry are also : UN Peir5. Thus, no professorial panjandrum could say that a "Miniscule Militant Minority" W5 behind Lha Lum Te5 T.
The situation at Polgola is doubly ironic since the campus there was created precisely with a view co "quarantine' Arts students and isolate them from Paradeniya's "politics". Further-more the authorities could not resort to their customary strike-breaking tactic of closing the campus and sending the students home because Dumbara is non-residenLia to start with, and students are lodged at private homes. Readers will note here that the idea of non-residental campuses was meant to be yet another dePolitis ing device which would prewent the students from grouping together and discussing "foreign ideologies' after lectures
According to the mainstream media, the strike was settled with the prompt intervention of the Feradeniya Vice Chancellor, Dr. B. L. Panditharatne who granted a Cash adyance to the Student:5. The SLBC also informed us that a top level committee had been appointed to oversee the transformation of Polgola into a fullyfledged university campus.
The press made no mention of the ugly incidents in which students were set upon and beaten up by outside youths. The 'outsiders' were wery probably villagers akin to those who attacked students at Vidyalankara (Kelaniya), Colombo Campus (Reid Avenue) and Heywood Institute of Fine Arts (Horton Flace) last year. These villagers also pasted threaten ing and obscene posters in the environs of the campus. None of the Per Petrators of these deeds of physical violence and in timidation have been apprehended by the local constabulary. In characteri5tic fashiorı howewer, 2é 5tLIdents have been suspended by the authoritics. The enforced calm that now prevails at Dhuk-bara"
campus conceals the anger that soulders beneath.
At Peradeniya the highly res
pected librarian of the campus is said to be once again under pressure.
4
Punishi
here's al Tos
among US Deng Xiaopings Carter's finest umph. During Deputy Premier N country's No. 1, hosts on the nei Cubans some ni When he address Mr. Deng called "the Cubans of th
Publicly at lea. kept mum. W: needs tuition or a on that particula embargos, econom" lomatic isoiation, Pigs) and assassir been part of Ame
And Orl Wietnam tio 15, We'e Ilo 53; Times' reported U already noted that O to 7 divisions border in pseparat assault.
Mr. Henry Jack Senate's toughest cently advocated between Israel, Arabia to shore after the Iraniar frank enough to Post" corresponde doubt in my mind Deng that the CF bloody the Vietna
On his way bat the Japanese Prer had to be "punish
Nayan Chanda established an int tion as one of the lists, wrote in
60,000 troops, El Or"ITOLI5 3 ITOLIT artillery assemble With Wietnam, evidence that P be preparing to . of teaching Wiet action".
While it may know what less China's other r

ng Vietnam
it total agreement analysts that Mr. "Get Wisit is N. foreign policy trithe visit, China's who is in effect the impressed on his 2d "" to teach tha 2Cessary l'essons". ed the US pre55, the Vietnamese Ort".
st the Americans
լshington hardly refresher course r subject. Trade
ric boycotts dipinvasion (Bay of lation plots rica's Cuba policy.
I, Chinese intenret. As the NY S intelligence had : China had moved to the Wietnamese of for a massive
Son One of the "hawks' (he rea military pact Egypt and Saudi up US influence I upheaval) was tell a "Washington rt "There is no after talking with inė 52 a Te out E These nose. ..."
:k, Mr. Deng told Tier that Wietnam ըtl".
who has now arnational reputabest are speciaha | FEER; WITH WOO aircraft and 5 Of à l'ITour and along the border here was ample :king might well "anslate its threat a Th a e5 Sol Erno
be too early to ins. Wietnar, or Sighbours will or
will not learn, India, China's most populous neighbour has reacted to the Chinese attack with 'profound shock', if not open alarm. In what was widely regarded as an important break-through in Sino-Indian relations, Foreign Minister. Vajpayee Was continuing his talks with Chinese leaders when the attack began. He promptly cut short his Wit.
Mr. Desai has repeatedly said that Sino-Indian friendship can be restored only after "occupied Indian territories' are returned. Both President Reddy, in his address to the Indian Parliament, and Prime Minister Desai have called on China to pull back its forces from Vietnam, while the US has called on China to do the same, with Wietnam withdrawing forces from Kampuchea.
local reactions
Ever since Sri Lanka became Chairman of the Non-alignad Conference, Colombo has been considerad an imteresting [istening-post by the major chancellories of the world. Sri Lankan reactions to critical events are also studied closely by the diplomatic community.
Last week diplomats in Colombo Were taken by Surprise when Mrs. Bandaranai ke responded with a virtual "no commen" on the SinoWietnamese border war. She told the "Dassy News' that the Tätter wil be di 55CU 55 ed at the next meeting of the SLFP politburo.
The SLFP has always been proud (and rightly so) of its 'dynamic foreign policy", and Mrs. Bandaranaike herself has never baen known for her reticance in stating her Wews on World events. In 1952, she took the initiative in holding the 5-nation Colombo conference on, the Sino-Indian border conflict.
'I'lary of us" sald an Asian ambassador "expected the SLFP to embarrass the government by playing the ball into the UNP Court'. Another envoy observed
(Corfinere. Det page s

Page 7
Development
Mahaweli (2)
There is going to be
Gallinini Iriyagolle, son of the late I.M.R.
Eduction Minister in the
DLudley Sena na yake
of 1965.70, joined the Civil Service in the at | ser ved the provincial administration, the Land C Department, the Ministry of Agriculture and th
Industries. He Wasg also
directly a LLLL LaHHLSL S aL project. Wе гергоduce excerpts froпn his
іп ү0lүed iшi to the Mihi W
Oli
lication: “The Fr III abor The Marc Wels.''
here is an amazing misconception about the nature of the decision to implement the Master Plan and about the subsequent studies now in progress. Some persons at the highest political level think that if the technical feasibility of constructing structurs such as dams is established, that is adequate, This is nonsense as these consttute only (part of) the cost or investment items of a project. Before a decision to start work can be taken, the authorities and the country must know what benefits by way of settlement and agriculture there would be. These are still being debated without data to base the debates om. Ewen costs arc mot known and there are no data to estmate these either. It can be proved that any body who has claimed or clais otherwise (except in respect of Stages and II of Project II) Is Ignorant, or reckless, or less than candid, or all of these.
It might be technically possible to build a dam 100 feat high from Ward Place to Rosmead Place. One should not undertake it particularly at public expense, If one does not know if it would be worthwhile doing so. Simlarly, though it may be possible to construct a dam at Moragahakanda or Wictoria or Randen igala
or Kot Talla Cor" bem fits C WOL | lghtוח harm it known ti || I agri ment Lundart irr power generati studied to acci levels. In the o Mäster Plan om is known.
On 25th Now the course of til Second Read Eng priation Bill (B. a member quite
tioned the wis Work before are received, an it Wal 5 lott li Wait for the F and then "on
proce ed in the
truction. N0 le 5 the Prime M15 "We Haye d'acide Plan" (i. e. the d to the Mahaw added, "althoug planned and the is being prepare the te 5 erwoi | So why not cut
At Yayıt Cast
Опе геspectful to? To irrigate grow what ciri quantities of wa asks with equal cost?" for nobo

a national disaster!'
A. Priya golle,
Gover III lent 1950 g Ill mission cros e Ministry of
negotiations li Diversio oversial pub
Maduru Oya, what d bring or what
cause will be unculturai developigation, and the
On a 5 P2C ES are aptable feasibility tline called the e of these things
ember 1978, in 12 debate on the of the Approudget) for 1979, Pertinently quesdom of starting easibility reports d asked Whether orte adwisable to easibility reports the Easis of it' latter of conss a person that ter replied that of the M35 Çer" utline) "in regard eli Project". He the reservoir is feasibility report d, you know where s going to be.
the can als}"
"Were lands, to ops, using what er?". Ong also respect "At what ly knows what all
ly asks what
-- Gamini Iriyagolle
or any part of the Master Plan : Would cost. The Prime inister Went on to say that the Master Plan indicates AI this" Inean ing the canals and the access roads to be constructed. It does not indicate any of these. The Finance Minister intervened to say that the feasibility reports awaited are "for the dam - what sort of dam It should be, whether it should be rock-filled or earth-filled where it should be and the geology of the dam". If feasibility studies are going to be only for dams, then the feasibility of the total project would be unknown 1. e., no one could know whether there is a worthwhile use for the water impounded. There would be just no basis "to construct the access roads, cut the canals, construct the bridges, construct the hospitals" which the Prime Minister then announced would be done prior to feasibility studies! Indeed nothing should ever be started if studies are to be for dam construction only, unless the the dam is for defence purposes such as look outs for an approaching enemy.
consultants now exaTi ining possible agricultural development to determine economic feasibility, should be asked to retire from the scene, and local personnel now striving to Propose Cropping patterns without adequate information on soils or Water use could be rested for a while and given other work. Though NEDECO (the Dutch con sultants) had "little time for analysis... the findings so far indicate a number of major deviations from the original Master Plan outline prepared by UNDP) FAO. Firm conclusions therefore cannot be drawn as yet...." How then could any fဂံpfးဇုံဒhtရုံtiဝf be cor
The foreign
5

Page 8
sidered or construction Linde"- taken at this stage?
Information lost
Even the authors of the Master Plan referred to do not support the brief given to the Prime Minister, or to any other Minister, as they say, "the feasibility studies of the Second and Third Phases of development should not be initiated until the additional information obtained in the course of the First Phase developments, and experimental research is
Local reactions . . .
(Сонfiншғd froлт pagғы)
that in Delhi, Mrs. Indira Gandhi had led a protest demonstration.
For its part, the UNP got off with a glorious exhibition in non-committal non-alignment. "We are strictly non-aligned" said the UNP's brand new general secretary.
This is not the first time that the UNP has had good reason to chuckle over the SLFP's retreat into studied silence. As Mr. Hameed boasted in a recent interview, the Foreign Ministry votes were passed without a word of serious criticism from the opposition.
On behalf of the TULF, Mr. M. Sivasithamparam has 'condemned' the Chinese action whatever the 'circumstances' that may have led to it, and called for a Chinese withdrawal.
Vietnam was heavily supported by the Left parties, with the exception of Mr. N. Sanmugathasan's Ceylon Communist Party which chose to say nothing.
Mr. Bernard Soysa (LSSP) said that the world revolutionary movement had been stabbed in the back and the glorious banner of the great Chinc se revolution besmi Tchad. The aggression, says the LSSP, is an attempt by China to restore the hated Pol Pot regime.
The CPSL flings back the charge of hegemonism and expansionism
will ble "". The 5e mot awailable. T| NEDECO study
'.information ay UNDP, FAO team course of time'.
The Prime: Ի|| he knew 'all thi the sites'. With
the wis it to the of even the Pri the President of or Mr. Hopper
what settlemen
and sees it as part Wietnam policy w the cynical use of to Croata trouble f nation. It also Peking-Washingto
Speaking for thi denounced the 'tr ship of China "Yankee-Simo al lia
While condem aggression and situation Could giv Imperialismo, Mr (RMP) added that Pot regime deser Wietnam had no Kampuchea,
T. U's con del
At a meeting : Sri Lanka Wietnam сlatioп, represent CP, and several r and public orgar resolution which Chinese aggressi that this "wanton tion of the princi internationalism nity. It called Withdrawal of C compensation by the damage c. With the Friend the C.F.L., C.F.T. tion of Labour, Movement, Lank: Union, the Palath Employees Union Traders Associat

ara of course, a Tate "e Cel eferred to says liable to the
was lost in the
ı ister also 53İp because visited great respect, proposed sites The Minister or Mr. McNama ra will not indicate ., infrastructure,
of China's antihich began with
the Hua minorriy 3r the war-ravaged
refers to a new in-Tokyo axis,
3 J WP, Mr. Bopage eacherous' leaderwhich WIS 10"W ຕct".
ning the Chi nese | warning that the
'e "a licence to US Bala Tampo 02, eyer if the Pol
ved to be ousted, right to invade
ummoned by the 1 Friendship Assoatives of the LSSP major trade unions lisations passed a denounced the
Ճn, and declared
act" was a violaples of proletarian and socialist frater-| for ār ir Īgdiāt hinese forces, and * the Chinese for used. Associated ship League were .U., United Lib AraCommunist Labour | General Services ipalana Progressive the Kandy Small iO etc.
agricultural develominent, chirin = | systems should be undertaken or what they would cost or what good they would do or whether other alternatives are preferable.
If the Government's decision is based on the idea that the Master Plan (the outline) is an implementational study, there is going to be a national disaster.
Most expeusive
Two of the major and most costly features of the "Master Plan" are the Minipe Left Bank Canal (90 miles from Mini pe to Kandulla) and the Northern Canal (104 miles from Elahera to the roposed Pali Aru Reservoir in BERRR323 District.) Water is to be pumped from the former to the atter canlı I. Some of the water irrigating lands below Kanagarayan Aru Reservoir Wavuniya and Jaffna Districts would have come nearly 200 miles from Minipe and all of the water from Moragahakanda would be serving only the Northern Systems, at some places over 50 miles from the Reser W Oir".
A plan which thus proposes high cost transbasin Conwayence of surface irrigation water to areas that its authors themselves say hawe ample local ground water LLLLLLLLS S LLS S LLaaLLLL SSELLLLLLL LLLLLLSS One is at a loss What to call the decision to implement it especially when a parallel program is already underway to exploit ground water for agriculture in the North and North-west,
If work is commerced on it as now proposed, an irreversible comitment would hawe Ebleem made to construct the 04 Tı ile Northern Canal, 8 large new reservoirs and the full development of lands in Areas I, J, K, L and M, feasibility studies in respect of which are not even Contemplated yet. It would also result in the Wonderful achievement of supplying the most expensive irrigation water in the World to areas, the plentiful local ground water supplies of which would by then have been developed separately under another Project.

Page 9
People
Doyen of newspaper men
Clarence Fernando is as much är institution in the local World of journalism as is the newspaper of which he is now the editor The Ceylon Daily News. Clarrie as he has been known to more than one generation of news
papermen, is undoubtedly the doyen of our press Corp.
When he left the Navy after
the war Clarrie signed up with Lake House as shipping reporter. In 1953 he was part of the Lake House team that covered the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Described as one of the best news editors Sri Lanka has known, he served for Папу уears as news editor on the Ceylon Observer under Tarzi Wittachi. In 1960 he was appointed Deputy Editor of the Observer and acted many times for Editor Denzil Peiri:5. Like Wiggie he was Deputy Editor of the Daily News Until his retirement In 1974.
Clarenco Fernando is best known as Sri Lanka's correspondent for Reuters the British news agency. His election as Wice President of the Sri Lanka Foreign Correspondent's Association, underscores this. He has been With Reuters for nearly twenty years, and is unofficial dean of the foreign correspondents.
He was called out of retiremont to become the third editor of the Daily News since the new government Came to Power.
Shapiпg поп — alignment
Yugoslavia mourned the death of Edward Kardelj who had often been singled out as Tito's successor. He was also Tito's closest associate in shaping the independent and non-aligned policy of Yugos|awia.
Yugoslaw leader Wladimir Bakaric paid a handsome tribute to Kardel at a recent commemoration meeting in Belgrade:
"A man of Wision in
respect to peace and progress
he was a
Care rice
realist in political said.
"He persisted universality of t active peaceful c in dispensable fact ensuring world in de welopment socialis in the
Bakiric st Kardel's "epochtion to developm ideology and pol
erit".
"He saw the non-alignment as of the most si Thous factors of ir and cooperation, as a form of p economic, politi re-grouping and present-day wor|
"Kardelj saw t non-alignment as
 

נTribוJPETHH
activity" Bakaric
in stressing the he principles of oexistence a5 ап ior in not only peace, but also
and growth World".
ngly emphasized -Tnaking contribuепt of the theory, icy of non-align
: movement of not only one gnificant autono|ternational affairs but even moretogressive social cai and cultural linking in the d".
ha mo We TCL of One of the Wital
CCTP on ents of riman kind's social transformation while warning about the harmfulness of the attempts to divide this movement or reduce it to someone's political reserve", Bakaric stated.
The plight of the boat people
The Boat People of Yaumati in Hong Kong are a set of people living on boats which they formerly used for fishing. These boats are hardly more than 100 sq. feet. Yet they include all the apartments of a house. These people fell into such a situation after the deterioration of the smallscale fishing industry. Many of these boats are decaying fast and it is quite common to see children being drowned annually, due to boats breaking and sinking
They need immediate resettlement. Since May 1977 there have been constant requests for resettlement. But they yet have to be resettled.
Sympathis ing With their plight a group of 76 people, comprising I0 children, 48 Women ane 18 man. went to the Governor's House with a petition requesting better housing. On the way they were arrested by the police and later charged with "unlawful assembly." This group includes 6 students. 3 social workers, I medical doctor and I Catholic priest.
Happy under black Government
Masayoshi Ohira, newly elected Prime Minister of Japan has been identified as the first professing Christian of his generation to
|lead Japan. He is said to hawe been converted as a high school studen and was a sitte et corner
Preacher before he turned Politi
cian. He shums all alcoholic beverages, a rarity among Japanese politicians. With Southern Bap
tist evangelical Jimmy Carter in the White House, the two most powerful market-economies are headed by committed Christians.
(CσΠίίηIι Ε.Η αη μαφε "α)

Page 10
Horse racing
Bookies and big
by Gamini Dissanaike
In the early '70s there was news London of a "Putters (Killer) Syndicate' which had a rapital of over f 150,000 losing every penny of it on the horses. A the same title, Fleet Street report cd a case of "tote-rigging" at Perth in Scotland (at the course) where bets were deliberately flooded on a second or third favourite" so that the fi Tst få Wolu Titic who WCT 1 that Tallice Tet Lilirlei al hEL TidsCoTe dividend on the 'tol c' which ciuld otherwise have been Wey shot.
A few months later, the “New of the World" exposed the ingenuity of four youths (Greek, if I remcmber right) who crookedly won over f 18 grand on the afternoon Dogs when the Flat Season was in full swing. Their method was daring but simple. One of them was at the track and when the dogs were 'off' and were on the home turn (at the final bend), sent a orle–Word Inessage of the walkitalkic containing the trap in Limber of the probable winner. His colleague who writed outside a closeby bookic with other mcillbers of the galing had the bet "oil". The betting office clerk who was so busy with a major Flat Meeting and at 1: Elst two other Inectings to attend to, did not pay much heed to the greyhounds and might not even have heard the words ''The hare is running!'" on the Exte' when he was supposed to close the betting on
Lihat race. The youth did not have the luck always with th: betting office employees hit
In anaged to collect about £18,000
over a period of five months. In the end, one of the boys brigged about their spoils at a
pub and the story leaked to the բTe58,
A few months la te T, the “ Mfirror reported another revealing story. A pretty wопап нf а га се сOLITse
8
was accosted book-maker with it wilk and asks win Illing. Wlıcın : asked hier softly like a 33/1 will race. Not inter: a firm NO an but to her a We, race was in fact rank outsider
Many a tirT1e obserwalt wiçW: jockeys Tot d0 theit moult 5.- El thing euphemisti
"Like all
countries average pi a privilege
riding, bad tini Wee-bit late fic:: are Stewards. In do not wird à favourite unless tructed in the f such thing.
FTCI Lhee foi TE be fairly clear the meist part, If the foTTil ho T the bookies W billions as they every year. And "Win" in fact, to-day small-tin which Fire il foT 11 wait for other lay out at least ti al tiInc. “ li Makers such as Lisel Bob I ): '''Sipi System, the Service and thi only for thost : balance who sustain a long l
Like ill other in capitalist cou organised indu El verage po L111. toT i for the benefit

money
by an and rolls
a how-aboutld her if she was ille said “No* hic if she would er in the next ited, she returned ld Walked away
the very next , won by a 331
on the TW, an : Would notice
ing enough on pcrunnial dirty cally called bad
Some striking examples of such exploitation were revealed, the reader IIlight recall, in his review of Susan George's book "How the Other Half Dies' by Ivan Ribeiro (LG Feb. 1st). The book itself is sold in Colombo for Rs. 39.9) but the less affluent reader who is unable to buy the book will have a first hand experience of what it is all about if he goes for a packct of 'Nespray, for instance, at Rs 13.40.
In England, I believe still, the Weekly wages are paid on Thursday and the bulk of the employed
other industries, racing in capitalist is a subtly organised one, where the
Ge" is exploited for the benefit of
ed few."
ոg, holding up a of course, there quiries but thcy race to a losing
it ha 5 beel obsinal stage or some
'going it should that racing, for is a mug's game. ses Win that ITT Lich il me war II ke have been doing the punters who Ic not the day1eT5 but *sharks" ups" Hndםd of "Cי 'good things' to a few thousands fal Tiblic" Met hoek
tillic Inuch a dwe Tand his Dawson Time for Il Phone like are good with a large bank could afford to Using sequence.
industries, Råcig intries is a subtly try where the ; quictly exploited f a privileged few.
are weekly paid. One could sec that the media, especially, the TW would be oriented to major commercial ventures from Thursday to Saturday. To cite just one example, however im Luch one wanted to be in one's digs on a Thursday evening, after seeing the "Top of the Pops" on BBC I around 7.30 (and after supper), the temptation to be out at the jigs or Disco would be irresistible.
And when it came to Tacing, one could bet one's life that if the bookies failed to beat you on Thursday or Friday, they would certainly do you on Saturday or vice-versa. The reporters who do the ITW 7 or the BBC Quinell:4 would welco IIIe you wi till al accomoda ting simile, tipping their hats to you, to the TW races and would tempt you with their hot-lips that hardly come up. Com un average, thic Codds against cracking the jackpot of the ITW 7 which is over 40,000 for a stake of 20 perce unit, would be at least 7 Ilhillion to I. And in the weekly Football Pools, one's chances of predicting 8 score draws out of a card of about 5) ga Illes would be a fantastic 20

Page 11
IIIIon Lo 1 chance. Ye the Lasses keep on trying, never giving up but the balance sheets of Littlewoods or Wenons like those of Ladbrokes or Hills year after year would be phenomenal enough Eo give you heart attacks a Ind/or stomach ulcers.
On the turf, Monday is rally called the Favourites Day, naturally, but not so really as many punters will tell you. But one thing is sure. If the bookies allow you to win the first, second or even the fourth race they would still be laughing because at the end of the meeting both your winnings and what was originally in your Wallet generally would be in their tills. On the other land, if the favourites were losing the imajority of races on a card and if it cones up in the last race, the bookies would suddenly turn Good Samaritans and would give you a fairly reasonable dividenda bonus that would make up for your bus or tube fare, a pint of "bitter' (Guinness is especially recommended for your health) and for your players too, as lost of these so-called pluralist-dencycracies are supposed to be Dharmista Societies.
Coming back to things home, one could increasingly discern almost all the symptoms of capitalist systems-from racing, blue films, junkics to exlusive Key Clubs i. e., organised wifeswapping that is engulfing our middle class etc; etc-in full bloom in our loCal scene.
A few wceks ago, we read about a leading politico lamenting over the incidence of alcoholism at a prize-giving in a Dhamma School. In the year 1978, our people have dr Link to a t Li The of R S 4 billion Naturally, a great number of punters should be in that group among the millions who drink to escape from the frustrations and oppression generated by the econonic system of their society.
In Port I of this article (LG Feb. 1st) we pointed out that some of the major book-makers were trying to levy the BTT of 10% on the bcts from the punter and how a minor concession like payment of 13 place odds was conceded by them, We also hinted
gtIlit
T18:1 Ter
tuat even this be withdrawn i changed, ewen || time of writing, are of the opir
lakers have recently and a TI of stopping the English Dogs N generally done affected by ad our punters ha on these cards: as the chances Dogs arc relative Lihaill on the lic cancession the se’ll L bolo For, while the to pick both th runner up in th: on the Tote il
äe, IT punte. they do the h them in this casc, chiläince in ewe opposed to th who only get a chance for his I combination.
However, Whil keeps on insisti should be paid With his Wager, Telented even af minor concessic while both thic the No. 4 Man that they would on bets of ove case thic tax is winnings only) fellow does not at all on the lsē. This divi bookies has sub the collections
According tć plu Tntcrs, the a" by the bookies lakhs a day a over 20 on a g
The Big Man 6 lakhs a day rivals in the cit between them. A outstation boo hill-country and from down-So and 1 and 1 are about 50 o makers scattered Wh ose daily Swor

indi gesture Inight the punters' luck or a while. At the infilled circles on that the book| FI d a pow-wow seriously thinking publication of the eeting - a practice when Tacing is Verse Weather Els We been win Tig which is probable of Winning on the ly more favourable rises. The Illinor lookies have made nerallg on them. British punters try e Winct and the Lt Order to Forcast each greyhound is bet on then as orses which give a 4 to 1 winning y clog Tate as e British punter 30 to | winti ing ncLhod in a reverse
le a Big Bookie ng that the tax by the punter some others hawe cr allowing the 11. For example, No 2. Män and have announced levy the tax only Rs 100 (in this educted from the in up-and-coming charge the tax punter-win or sion among the stantially reduced of the Big Man.
Well inforcd "erage collections is around Rs 15 ld shoots up to ood Saturday.
still collects about while his two main y get 512 lakhs ind the two leading ties (one in the he other operating th) collect 3 1/2 respectively. There her minor book
in the country p is around 5 lakhs
What the punters fear nost now i 5 that i El their Coveted Fiat Season in late March their dreams of winning may well wither away if the local bookies decide Llo call it a day over their continuing feud on the manner of levying the tax filom the punter. Said one punter to this journal last wicek, " "Our bookies have Lima de their fortugues that would easily last them and their generations for at least ser veral centries. They hawe always been their own Inasters - because of their Wealth and political influence — and hal Wc always becn dicta Ling, tct Ils to us. Even now they sell you thic race sheet but continue to give you wrong and or inadequate information about thic sport with impunity. Only big title punters with strong political support da Tc to import II laterial o F1 Tacing. The bookmakers could easily publish detailed past results, speed, figures, noted in the running, market signals etc. of every meeting after about 4 days but they won't. Because they are so wicked they are mortally scared of their clients. They get all the latest material on racing but give you some bits of it formation once they are outdated. Even here, nearly all of them give you the same dated information though they publish their Racing Sheets separately. This is organised exploitation at its dirtiest. If the Government so desires it can inter wene for fair-play..."
"There are about 25,000 people working for the bookies today.' said one betting office clerk. "They get a daily wage from Rs IO-20 on a casual basis and nothing more. What beats us is that if the workers of the Distilleries, Breweries and the National Lotterics Board are eltitled to EPF and other benefits why not us? After all, how could racing be any worse than drinking or buying Lottery tickets printed at the Govt Press? They beg for donations for Cyclone relief and what not. So why not collect the BTT from Racing for deve
lopment purposes? One to two lakhs of Tupees a day to th: Treasury is not peanuts, is it? But let the punters get a fair
deal as the monies come from them.'

Page 12
International news
ERAN (5)
Where the mor
by Mervyn de Silva
he oil wealth was seen by the
Shahı ::Id hli5. Lechın bcra ls, mainly from the Harvard Business School, Princeton and UK universities (the counterpart of General Suharto's Berkeley Mafia) as a potent, divinely ordained injection for what the Fraicial Tries called "the unabashed capitalism'' that led "to the political revolution today. With the quantum leap in oil Tevenues, a sclf-confidelit Shah Ilouced his “Fifth Five Year Plan' which would give Iran the infrast Luc Lu Te Hind the i Industrial base from which the Shall's imperial visions of big power status could "like off". Instead it spaw1 ed irislation, Ind high-level CorTuption on a scale Lhal i5 mind= boggling.
For the Western airls suppliers, exporters, bankers and brokers it was the "golden age". A top US official was Te ported last week to have described it as 'gold rush mentality". More so than Saudi A Tabia o T the Gulf, Ira1 was the new Eldorado. It was all part of course of the re-cycling excer
cise, sucking back the petrodollE1 TS.
Wolul mino 15 statistics al Te now
freely available but we might select a few Tercly to give the reader a "feel' of what was happening in Iran these past few years. These Will illustrate the "metality", give an idea of the new atmosphere and environment, and its social and cc ICJ I hic CJ1Se
qL1E*T1 Ce3.
(i) Iran became the World's biggest buyer of arms. The US alone had a 12 billi I dollar agreement, and nearly 10 billion is still in the pipeline. The US was selling scophisticated weaponry which had not yet reached the US forces. The contract included 160 F-15
10
HTid F-145, Boei Ining systems.. cico! marince, Bell heli expensive hardwa and Navy.
For Dupont, I TI a II nics, Bell, ( Textron and oth Wals the greatest decade. Corres Fleming notes : These US compa sales offices in זסt mטון Lטti yחH were actually In thing locally.
How did it a US imports 5 pe from Iran. I TäT present two a Tid total US exports gives the US a balance of over 8
It also gawe la to over 40,000 (The Liber exc military advisers is part of the 1 who swarmed rents sky-rockett Iranian doctor, servant (Who di Was gTAdlally pl: own city and so וiI חסmotiatiוחרtט dirtier part of ugy 5wolle mega riate corn Thunity style which the (those collected court, the busine tT:acto Ts LIsirhg p for grabbing easy Sharmeles5ly cor TLI
upper echelons forces) irilita ted ."yטוTםflu
(ii) Irania. Il III no Lil WestLITI E TIT tories and plan

ey went
Ing Airbor T1 e WHITstroyers and subcopters, and other re for the Army
TT, General DyGeneral Motors, er US gia Ints it
ho na 115 a of the o 1 delt Stewart 1 salient point. nics opened 300 Ira II in 2 years te thal two dzel El Tufacturing any
I add up? The trict of its oil lian imports Tea half percent of
in 1978 and this
fa Will Table trade )) Illili dollTS.
high-income jobs US executives. ludes ditali III: ts. etc). This 40,000 00.000 expatriates Telıran sending ing. While an Tofessor : T. civill idn't take bribes) shed out of his Tccd to find a Cthe cheaper, an increasingly lo polis, the ex la 1created a lifeaffluent Iranians to the Imperial 55 men ind coolitical influence -In orcy Coltral cts. pt officials, the of the security with disgusting
They was keeping is industry, facis going. The
West Germans had their W initiative a hill of sots o Il a IIIs sales. BLlt economic need (keeping German labour employed) the lure of the fast buck and enwy of trading riwalls (Japan, UK, US, France) made Bonn chänge that policy. Herr Genscher, the German Minister, justified the change with a statement that he must now ponder TL cf Lully, Iran, he said, was ""no longer a Il arca of tension".
A Kiel firm promptly got itself all de for 6 diesel electric sublaines Worth over a billion, D. M. The Cillirmill of Lhe firml H0 Wallats Deutsche Werft 5 lid that but for this contract he would have a lay off 1,500 workers.
The 5th Five Year Plan produced an as to lindi lig array of "white elephants", a n obvious example being 4 nuclică Power stistiollis costing 12 billion D. M. For the first part of this job, the German fir II, KTH ft werk LIJIllico Il brČLight Il di ST UT 3O)O)O). The Id Iesu L. '' Ital is West Germany's biggest Oil supplier, In the first Six Ilonths of 1978, Germany had a tradic surplus of 500 million D. M.
(iii) The International Military Services the contracting agency of the UK government for Elrm5, had signed agreements totalling 700 million pounds. This included a Rapier anti-aircraft missile system costing 400 milion polid S. Another big sale was 2,400 Chieftain tanks. All the big UK companies, ICL, Ccentation, Leylands etc. Won huge contracts. One of the most interesting going to Armitage Shanks, World famous for its toilets!
(iv) A Cadillac Seville which LLLLLL LLLLHHL S S 0SLLLL aaLLLLLLLS L LL L0
imposed on
LLaaLLLL S 00SLLL S L0 S SSSaLLSLLL S Tehra. Meanwhile in Isfahan, Prince Ghulam Reza, the Shah’s

Page 13
brother who owned the best property
there, told middle-class motorists complaining of the traffic that they should learn to travel in their own light planes.
Il vestors and insurance brokes.
banks, ioint ventures, export orders, high-living expatriatesthis became the pattern of life
at the top, the tone set by those who had Inade their Tillions.
Of the four major Iranian banks, one was run by the Pahlevi Foundation (the Shah's family) and another by the Army Pension Fund.
Dualism
Using the city of Manila as a wivid illustration of certain characteristic problems which arise from the kind of “development' I was writing about, Professor Espiritu used the term 'econoIllic dualism'. It found a striking symbol in the grotesque contrast belWeen the plush homes of Makali, a little bit of Miami, and the dirty shacks of Magsaysay village, less than a mile away.
The city of Teheran projects an even more dra Ilmatic image of the same situation.
But the preferred pattern of development results not merely in purely economic problems, lit leads to some easily recognisable social ravages, problems which are
best described as "cultural'. In fact Prof. Fouad Ajami chooses the term "cultura l dualism" to
point to one of the major causes of the Iranian upheaval. He says
"the risk of acute cultural dualism is in herent in all strategies of accelerated development'
Although we need not share, for the reasons I have stated earlier, his view on "accelerated development”, his description is particularly
apt. He speaks of the split between the "official culture" and the "culture of the people', the
anger and the confusions accumulating beneath the glitter and the grand illusions of power.
Asian Theo
Revolu Christ
by Jayantha
t first gl
Churches logy seem to the on-going si World for soli amancipation, alway 5 been ic cĪous materiali: logy preoccup spiritualism. Ye seem to be W attempt by so Church, to era image and Com the side of th and their need
For a cemiur been polarised dox segment t scriptural fund. liberal segment sed with the Häwing su titled the liberals a social gospe coming out with But their acti their faith. An the enormous front backward own, has been
In contrast, faith, hawe ma' Christians who a balanced p Proper and pr social action. Salvation Army duction, nor d man like Kier Li sh . Labour Pa
All of this, h place in the P. which by the more open to But the Rome to its conserw; right in to ou creative work C

l
logy: Irrelevant or
tionary challenge
anity
homas under arn
ance the Christian
und Christian theoe far removed from
ruggle in the Third
ial and economic The Church 25 hawe entified with awarim and their theoed With ab Stract it, in our day, we vitness ing a waliant The Sectio 15 of the se this debilitating le out strongly on
e underprivilleged
S.
y the Church has between an Orthohat has opted for armentalism and a that has compromifast-changing World their own falth, found refuge in | that has kept heroic utterances. ity has been as their impact on problems that consocieties like our un impressive.
hose who kept the uted in til Tie into have arrived at : rspective, giving |ctical emphasis to The work of the needs no introoes, the role of a Hardy of the Brity.
Wewer, was taking otestant Churches, Very nature, Were hange and reform. Church held tight tism and reaction, generation. The Social Catholicism
lurreverent:?
of
among Irish-American labour was smothered by the overpowering image of the monolithic Roman Church.
Crisis
The crisis in theology as far as the social imperati we was conCerned arose because modern ecclesiastics could not perceive a roie for the church In contemporary society. Yet the Church has been the greatest instrument for historical change, it was the impact of the Roman Church and her saints that fashioned modern Europe, they were the prime conductors of a civilisation that was Graeco-Roman In origin bur
Judeo-Christian in Ethics. It was the Reformation that created bourgeois values and served as
obstetrician to ahe capitalist era. It was a Priest, not Lenin, who led the march on the Winter
Palace and ignited the Russian Revolution.
So long as it kept the faith
and activated itself, the Churches have down the ages been prime instruments of historic action, Why then cannot the Church be a vehicle for rewoiution in our day? Is it because it has no faith, in either God or itself?
Such questions spring to mind When one reveiws the work of the Asian Theological Conference, held recently in Sri Lanka. The ATC is the brainchild of radical Asian pastors-many of whom are found in the Roman Church. In Latin America the Bishops have, in the face of US backed fascist state machines, slung guns ower their shoulders and gone up into the mountains to Carry out guerilla War. Asian priests have been slower to respond to authorita
I

Page 14
rian bourgeois regimes-but today in countries stretching from Pakistan, to Korea and the Philippines. they are awakening, in bitter denunciation of the Status quo. Asian die T Ta
There is an element of poignant pathos in their characterising of the Asian dilemma, "Asia suffers under the heels of a forced poverty. Its life has been truncated by centuries of colonialism and a Tore recent
neo-colonia | 15 IT). It's cultures are marginalized, its social relations distorted. The cities with their
miserable slums, swollen with the poor peasants driven off the land, Constitute a picture of Wanton affluence side by side with abject poverty that is common to the majority of Asia's countries. This extreme disparity is the result of a class contradiction, a continuous domination of Asia by internal and external forces. The consequences of this type of capitalist domination is that all things, time and life itself, hawe become marketable commodities.
"A smal minority of ówners dictates the quality of life for the Producers (workers, peasants and others) in determining the price of their energy, skills, in telligence as well as the material benefits needed to sustain these. What is Produced, how and where it is produced, for whom it is produced are the decisions of trans national corporations in collusion with the national elites and with the owest or covert support of political and military forces.'
The ATC has come out openly against the market economy and put its money on the centrally plan
led Coolies.
The struggle against these forces has been courageously taken up by
the advocates of socialism. This socio-political order corresponds to the aspirations of the Asian
masses both in the rural and urban areas since it promises to them the right to take their life into their o w Til har d5, to de termine both the social and economic conditions that govern their well-being.
Facile approach
"A very large part of Asia has
succeeded, after long struggles, in
establishing this socialist order.
12
However, it must b socialist tränsform countries is not ye that these countrie to liberate themse La " tio 5 i 1 1 1 0 - Ci5TT1."
Such a facile à pp 1 blems of Asia show dence on Commu are Stalinist in Crig are seen as the chảnge — no Cor demanded of the volutionary potent
There are justifi: C1 en Wirol. Tert Japan's Kawasaki al lear power plants. our fishermen in against the unscri of certain count Taiwäf, änd Sölf h | honest attempt is the authoritarian r Korea and in C: single-minded nat tries ke China ant is a mistake, not e amoral, but because Church's role to groups - Stalinist instances.
The ATC crici history but not in This is a theologi first orde. Becau need for Persona liberati coñ thā timus a1d economic liber" are going to have ence, The experi рагties in Asia šіп Crystalised the par: power, its ruthless bythose Who hay farm the crux of teaching. Its abse
They talk of "t challenge of the lif they should talk of change in our life with in Lus; and the relationship to eff change in the w Our task is not m Socio-economic oppression but to "Philosophers" 5 "haye tried to inte But the thing ta change it!"

e added that the lation in these
t complete and is must continue was from ail dis-going self criti
"oach to the Proy an Owerdepenmist Parties that gin. Such Parties wehicle of social riparable role is Church - its reial is de ni eld.
ble attacks Til de
polluters like nd Philippino nuc
"We join with
their struggle upulous practices ries like Japan, Korea." BLI E no made to criticise egimes in North Limbodia, or the ionalism of coun| Wietnami. Thi; inly because it is it ABCates til 5 narrow political parties in these
as God's role in irid iwid Lual li Wes. cal lapse of the se it deri ës, the Il liberation – a t precede social ation if the latter any las Eing influenca of Workers' ce the War, has adox of liberative ness when applied e hoped, should the ATC's socia| nce is tragic.
hē prevolutionary of Jesus' when the revolutionary Wher Jesus li wels : capacity of this ect revolutionary ord around us. erely tó find tha main springs of erradicate them. aid Karl Marx, rpret the World.
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Page 15
Social sciences
The irrelevance of Sr
by Laksiri Jayasuriya (Prof. Jayasriya is head of the Deparrieri i tij Sutia | Park iri i të University of Fes terri i tis rralia)
:Po: to use the debate of the two Gun a tillekes about
"Academic Colonialism and ChauWinism' in 1975 with reference to the state of the Social
Sciences in Sri Lanka to comment briefly on some key issues facing social scientists in Sri Lanka today, This I hope will help us to look at What We arë doing, what we have, and in the end what we might be capil ble of doing in the social sciences ຮີ່ in Sociology,
Su 5 antha Guna tillaka and R. Peiris (in a little known paper called the "Implementation of Sociology in Asia.") have very rightly pointed out that the growth of the knowledge in the science of man and society has been inhibited by our Intellectual Dependence on the ways of sociological thinking and modes of analysis derived from Intellectual Centres of gravity in the West, to which we have been for a variety of cultural reasons been accustomed to align ourselves. The consequences are main fold: For come thing, we hawe as "Pašsiwe Consumers' of this vast body of knowledge, endeavoured to apply uncritically to our own societies, theories and modëls which hawe little meaning and significance for a genuine understanding of the social reality facing us. Thus, eg. we have used the classical Socioldgical theories of Comte, Durkheim, Weber and others imitatively without recognising the nature of their origin and more importantly, their 'Ethnocentric' Character as I had occasion to observe some years ago in my Presidential address to Sect|Ճիl Ě SLÄ 黜 entitled "Uses and abuses of Sociology."
Wè hawe got our Prioritie 5 al|| wrong because of this continu ing dependence. The anthropological bias in much of our contemporary social research reflect5 over
whelmingly this
both Westerri ani larg despite thei trary, have play than an ethnogra menting and d Curiositi ES - Bg| religious rites anc are "Intellectual dið not de EPen C Of CLurrent realiti may be important of man but how lic TJ Ell 15 LLII“- a ry of some museur represent a king іпго а сопtemplat rall heritage' (Pei attempt to view transforming soci
Likewise, we r tiÖrl With the Stu economic develop taken belief that tution of religion cient explanation "Develop," to me achiewe an appre development in a tionary pattern But, surprisingly, sociological analysis and significance o Cutions in the w; scočil life. This iki be extended to ot 31, 5 Studies of rur: family planning and Iha Eble "Comor Luica show how often wi in Parading trivia esoteric jargon, a of sopisticated m LITTE TÕLG || IT
The Eia 5 tawa Willage studies als, willingnešis to vis: Spectrum of social Pret this as an opt --ICEII - d. Era ress - from a sel |סt, InwחEוח5#EEחe ticipation in the so WC Come 2 Cf355 Wh.
to as the proble from the objects : the need for

i Lankan sociology
tendency. Here, | indige nous schoPleas to the Con2d nothing more phers role docuascribing cultural 2f systems, values, practices. These rivialities' which ut understanding s. Of course, they for the science ing can we afford 5a in the sanctun? These inquiries of "Withdrawal on of one's cultu - ris) without any : his heritage as a all reality.
ote a preoccupady of religion and ment in the mi 5this single instibecomes a sufi. of our failure to odernize i. e. to priate stage of un ilinear ewoluof development, there is little of the meaning f religious instiarious facets of ld of critique can her fields, such it development, now the fashiotion Studies' to 2 have indulged lities dressed in ind the language ɔdels applied to
e Studi e S. rds micro-level o reye als an unaw the broader reality. I intering out of social min - || kg aloofise of creative vement and parcial Scene, Hero at Peitis alludes
of distance f investigation, objectivity and
-— -
In 1975, Dr. S Lusi n tha - (GLII): - tilleke, Director uf Research, Peoples Bank and Mr. Godfrey Guna tieke Director Margi Institute engaged ench other in a wide ranging debate on the state - If the Special Sciences in tlı : 5 country. Recently, Dr. Llık siri Jayasriya, formerly head of the Departill ent of Schciclogy in the Ceylon University, took the title of that debate "Academic Colonillis El lnd ChILIFinisrn“ 15 The point of depart tire for a paper he presented to the Ceylon Studies | Seminar, Peracleihiya,
In the first part of his paper, T) r. Jayasuriya examh in ved sonuc emerging persp:ctives in Western sogiology. Classical theory (or mainstream sociology), the heir to the Positivist tradition, was In der attack from severill "Ti dicii” schools. Dr. Jayasuriya identified five Sources of sittack, und dellt in some detail With eich, notahly the Frankfurt School and the Marxist - Structuralist position. We publish the second part of his piper which offers some new directions for Third World II di Sri Lankan sociology.
detachment in so-called 'Dispassionate Inquiry' has meant the accumulation of a sterile body of knowledge which had made little Impact on practical Thatters. Surprisingly, micro- level analysis where it has been attempted isi, as Susantha Gunatilaka remarks, the prerogative for the mandarins of Sociology from the West represcinted by the vast array of well funded Western Researchers who have made us the 'guinea pigs' for testing out their preconceived models or theories, whose validity, as our earlier preliminary remarks indicate, even Within the current body of Sociological knowledge, is highly questionable.
An interesting feature of these attempts at micro-level studies is the partiality towards one kind of theory, especially of the kind of structuralist - functionalist outlook which is primarily directed at an understanding of "system maintenance," social stability and social
13

Page 16
Order. It is Էյrium Intitle|-
basically an equiliwhich fails to illu
mine the nature of change processes in society. On the contrary one
of the
social sciences
pressing tasks
the Lanka
Ճf
i Sri
must be to focus on the analysis of
social changes, this Perhaps,
respect is
contemporary is more insightful in this 蠶 than sociological knowledge an
and knowledge in sorely lacking. |iterature
s
in the history of sociology in the
West, it needs
to be pointed out
that a great deal of the growth of
Western Socio
ogy may be portra
yed as developing in parallel with the literature of the 9th century. One writer has aptly observed that "so long as literature is concerned with the most urgent and political
question of the
time, so jong will
society develop in parallel with | iterature" (P. 29). The Sri Lankan
Sociologist, I be
a fro crucial issue
this viewpoint.
liewe has much to
TH of course, is the
priorities we have and the ques
tions. We Wish arch. Instead
topose for reseof loolking for ans
wers, We must start seeking ques
Lions that can lead to further questions - Problem Solwing wis fact finding.
In many ways
ristic feature of a great
the lost charactedeal of
what is recognised as sociological
or social
5il CE
research and
inquiry is the emphasis placed on
quantification,
(itself based on a
false view of social science) typified
by the
plethora of Survey type
analysis one finds in such fields as development studies, family planning, education and rural sociology. The social scientist, has under the
influence of what
"vulgar positivi Trici" '''Fact-posturin
become
is now called sm" or na iwe empi
a generator of propositioпs" —
a mere fact gatherer. What all this
points to is the from a fact. Aga
divorce of theory in, it reflects funda
mentally, among other things, believe, a refusal nay a fear, to become "involved - to engage in a critical analysis of the nature of social reality itself. This alone,
bejewe, has in hi
bited the develop
ment of a social Science body of knowledge adapted to local needs and a Willingness to come to terms
with sensitive
14
areas such as social
change, conflict as
L.
To sum up then, of " "acade Tic Colch siderable and the wital to an apprai rary social scient Sri Lanka, a knowl are doing in the ni science. But if t sound ir its broad do we go from her do we hawe? Whi face il restructu sciences? The TE is for academic
Indigenization' o Ce5 a5 has been 3 Latin A Te Tician 5i extent elsewhere, Asia, Fог ршгpo5. | wish to mākie a fe probably rash-pr hope that they r ther comment and
Guide lines for a logy...'
First and foreT need to be foreW. dangers of rushin "Indigen ization'', { Godfrey Gunatille bility of a high deg ism, a closing of adopting a roman an idyllic state of wed from one's o Clearly, we need towards the pursu istic concept of in doing So We mu a critical, and 5 towards social sci it exists today. W the dangers in he of argument of thi out with the Bath
As Godfrey Gus need to accept will be knowle for a long time to therefore, import: and imaginative body of knowled
understand how arose and the which this know
loped over the las or so. We need a5 one Writer pli

ld power struc
the constraints lism' are cor appreciation is sal of contempoe knowledge in ledge of what we ame of the social his diagnosis is outline, where e? What options at issues do. We ring the social lira World plea self-reliance or f the Social ScienIttempted in the tele and to som
eg. Africa and 2s of discussion, tw perfunctory - 'opositions in the lay generate fur
refection.
"rele Vilnt socio
lost, I think. We arried about the g headlong into aspecially of what ke calls the possigree of isolationwindows, and of tic conception of knowledge deriwn cultural past. to be committed it of a uniwersalknowledge, and st begin to adopt ceptical posture i ence thinking as We need to avoid rent in this type rowing the baby Water
na tilleke says, Wo he fact that we dge dependent'' come. What is, Int is the Eriti-a
appraisal of this ge, by trying to this knowledge
55 i "ledge has deweit hundred years to recognise that ut it that ""it i5
quite another to define its purpose and lay down rules for accomplishing that purpose." Hence we need to adopt the perspective of "Sociology of knowledge" itself before we can appraise the available knowledge selectively for our purposes. These purposes - the basis of the search for relevant knowledge - raise questions which I must confess, falls within the moral rearn - the realm of valuations. But ultimacely their identification is basic to a view of praxis, a programme of action. The linkage of theory and praxis, as the Radical or Critical sociologists put it, is crucial to this task and no social scientist can shirk his responsibility in this regard.
NEXT: An alternative sociology.
FROM FRYING FAN TO DEEP-FREEZER
NY y de-colonis, el natio 15, End the Ilder OLIntries of Latin LLLLaaSa L aLLLL S a 534 IT1 l idi: frı II1 Li1 : «lb III i#i:a II t Eli Fo ) = Al ili ric£lin Culture:: WWork - Fiu Irtil and you will be colle prosper OLIs. TCCLa LL L CuaH CCHLLLLLL L hard work and prosperity were not cause and effect; something external to Ourselves alwilys See med to hrcak the Tepi Luted cunnettin Tilt st-called neulrality of the world marketplace turned out to be a neutrality between the exploiter and the explied, he eel is bird of prey Hill ils vicin. If in ILIr KLL LLL S SLL S LLaaLLLKKSCLL LLLLLL SCL a aCLaLLS ve : Tried Lit the textbook procedures for raising capital We al"uys se Einell til end up under the virtual control of the transnational corporations or subject to I. M. F. def Igi tion Eury policies-or both. We did not achieve progress; we simply 110 Fed frumil the frying pan inti the deep-freezer! Eve if Tre tried to do nothing except sell
LL LLaLLaL CCCaLLS aa C rolliti iirts, ved LLaLLL HH LLLLa a aa S C00 K L CCLC LLL LLLLH SLLL LLLLLLaL LL LL LLL түг!""
TILLILIUS K, ’N WERERE (Arusha Cor. ference,
Feb. 27. Jag; g)

Page 17
Symposium
Which way for the
(8) Nava Lanka Communist Party
The NLCP claims
to be a Marxist-Len
organisation devoted to the task of building
correct Revolutionary Communist Marxist-Leninist political groups.
Party by un Firm ad heren
-Leninism, Mao Tsetung's Thought, assertion of
in international relations,
special
effort to E
-peasant alliance and reliance on mass struggle positions. Ariyawan sa Gunase kara and Kalyananc
of the Central Guardian".
Q: Could you tell us something about the origins of your party and the groups that Carne together to form it?
A: Our party was for illed in early 1976 at a Congless of communists who were compelled to break away from the Ceylon Communist Party at Various times between 1964 and 1972. There were several comrades who long remained in the Central Committee of the CCP
such as A. Gunasekä Ta. K. A. Vimala pala, Kularina Vickramasinghe and D. U. Jaya sekara. Our aims in for Illing the Parly
were to inherit and carry forward all the positive factors of the CP formed in 1943, to rectify the mistakes committed by the Left Movement and give a correct orientation to it, and build a strong, revolutionary CP capable of leading the Sri Lankan Revolution to success by unifying all M-L groups.
Q: One of the main intentions of your party was the reunification of the Titant sectors which broke away or were expelled from time to time from Mr. Sanmugathasan's Ceylon Communist Party, Would you agree that this aim has not been Ochleyed'''
A: It was not our aim to unify groups that broke away from Sanmugathasan's Party but to unify all M-L groups into a single Party. For instance, Dharma sekata and Mahinda Wijesekara were mot in Shan's Party. When we set on this task we never had any illusions about in early or easy success. It is true that ou T effort has Llot
Committee were interviewed by
been entirely s has bio Tine scornic: united May Da and the O-Part
Q: What do y main reasons for and break-up of Mdasst movement o, level
A: Opportunis of the leaders is of the weakening Mweilent ill Many such le: understood the e thinking. Often ser wicc to it willi to it. Theis stil issue some stat foreign represen some personal b.
Q: Recent disci Wiew to reunite th In Sri Lanka seem down. As a party wi fought for such a do you think are to ach sewing this
A: The T2 a Te that ca L1 se difficu this aim. First I personal factor. groups are led - petty bourgeois far, many of the able to get tid o mentality compl thcre is the fore of these grouns various foreign believe the hist the milo Wenlent Wii

Left
ist political
strong and ying all the to Marxism independence tild Worker t5 läin ı Tiranagama the 'Lanka
ccessful. But it Tesults like tilha
" Rally of 1978
Unity.
u think aure the
the present crisis the once powerful 1 a local and global
In and revisionism the mai 11 calise of the Maoist many countries. I de Ts lı:L We T1 ( ) L. s 5 cince of Mao's they pay lip le acting contrary concern is to
tillents, deceive a lives and get In efits.
55 oris hed with I Maoist movement to have broken ch has Corsisterntly eunification, what The Taj ob 5 tage5 in 12
several factors ies in a chiewing there is th: Most of these by individuals Intelle CLLIH 13, S0 have Ticht been their clique" tly. Secondly, In factor, So the ve allegiance to "lies. But we a necessity of certainly help
overcome these difficuliies, and lead to unification.
Q: The Sarnas tha Lanka Goy/
Sammelanaya, one of the oldest and best known pelasant un sons in the country is closely related to your party, while the Left movement's most famous perusant organiser Ariya warsa Guna sekara is one of your party's leading comrades Could you te us something about the present situation and future prospects facing this country's peasantry particularly In the light of the government's agrarian policies.
A: No doubt the schenes like the Maha weli may be of some use to the peasantry. They may be able to ease the two main problems of the peasants (land and watc.) somewhat. But under a capitalist set up no development scheme will really benefit the people. Bureaucrats, contractors and the capitalists will thrive by squandering the national wealth intended for these scheines Real results can be achieved only if these schemes are implemented under a People's government.
Q: Would you agree that unlike In most other “Third World" and, especially, Asian countries, the Sri Lankan peasantry has been a relatively darmant socio-political force? Do you for see an end to this, an upsurge of
peasant militancy together with renewed prospects of peasant organisation ?
A: We cannot agree. Our peasantry is not dor In a nt, lin the
history of our peasant movement We had the opportunity of leading several local peasant struggles. In
the 1956 transition they played a very active rolc. In 1971 it was the peasant youths who
heroically fought the armed forces. If they have a genuine organisation and leadership they will certainly play a decisive role as a socio -political force in this country. Surely there will be an upsurge in the pesant movement in the near future.
Q: What would you say were the mistakes and shortcomings in the attitude of the Left movement towards the peasantry of this country?
15

Page 18
A: The Left movement did not
understand the importance of organising the peasantry of this
country. Because they never glve serious thought to the questico II
of capturing po We T, there Was illu)
real necessity to do so. Therefore,
they neglected the peasantry. Pleasaint organisations are indis peil - sable for a revolution Hry party,
Being petty-bourgeois parliamentary parties interested only in Winning a few seats in Parlial ent they could carry On Withont taking pains to organise the peasantry which is a difficult and painful job. It is also les8 profitable tha. Il organisi Ing the Trade lUnions. They did not realise that the peasa Int questio II was esse 11 liially a national ques Tio 11. Their cosmopolitan approach iulien a tcd them from the peasarilry.
Q: In the article on "The National Bourgeoisie and the United Front' and a multi-part essay on Lenin and the Stages of the Colonial Revolution' all of which were published in your theoretical Jourrias "Nova Larika". your party seems to express the view that the 'r Titi ora I" bio Lurgeoisie and, therefore, the SLFP ha ve exhid Lusted their progressive potential and no longer ha ve a progressi ve role to blny. However, you have Silm Lultanerously refrained from defining the present stage of the Sri Lanka revolution us Proletari a 5a st' Ind or En Le to define it fristedd as "New Democratic". Isn't this position contradictory?
A: We never said that the national bourgeoisie and the SLFP have exhallsted their progressive potential. Still they may have a liited progressive Tole to play. What We stil was that the SLFP and the national bourgeoisie today Were Ij the Saile asil 1956 - El new big bourgeoisie grown out of tills. Ti Titial borge Ulisie has forlled close links with foreign capital Til talke Çorral of the SLFP ind, therefore, it could not give leadic Tship to the El Inti-Imperialist Ent in this country. Hinthוון טיוטון can play their limited progressive role only in a united front under the leadership of the Working class. We discard the ideo.i1 of EL LI nited frnt under the leadership Of the SLFP. Titis is consistent with the
l
New Democratic Sri Lankill RWO
(): What Is you on the Etாபggle ft if thg North' WI to the TULF
A: Successive: || IIncints irl L'his cour any honest atter problems of th What they did wa capital out of these problems 1 ile 3, FAS EL C, People have ge All their nation accepted a ridg: by a fined force solution to this only give rise t tance. Being People in the to self-delerTi thik tici T e: under a Tamil ship would not their problells.
Q: What is yo the current displit Mowerient such the Three World: Jrid the 5 Tri-Wie probler11s? I'r ger attitude to the di
policy II ne of t leadership?
A: As a p.
independent sta national relatio Էյliliti supportel lic of Hy party. In ouT list countries a Marxist in th problems. Tha of conflicts ari Ewery Collııılui I1 to decide whit withou L. L amy others. Yet the Te Te tert El cam vit Lil Edi: Ist; tic and foreig present Chines we helieve tha ple educated ani tempered trill CLI ll T3, mot dit:yi: + c Tri ted by Mao T
Q: What Is JWP [before IT FId

stage of the lution,
party's position
Fr a separate state at is your attitude
bourgeois govern
try did not make Impt to solve the e Tamil People. s making political the existence of during election Ilmunity, Tamil in Line grievances. all rights Il List be Inted. Suppression will not be a problem but will o in creased TesisEl nation, Tallil North have a right
Etion. BLI LI W Inaid fir Eela II bourgeois leader
be a solLı tioII to
Lur party's stand on e5 with in the Most as the 'Theory of ', the Sino-Al Egnig trn Triere/KarnþLuchen eral, what is your orrestic and foreign he presert Chinese
arty we take all Id in our interls, We are Ilot
of the political Foreign Communist view, these socialIC lationalist that cir approach to t is why this type se between them, ist Party has a right is good for it interference from Te must say that In things which we nd in the dattleIl policy of the leadership. But the Chinese pegby Mao Tsetung In the Great ProleRevolution will m the path charSeill Ing.
your view of the ster 7 || ?
A: Before 1971 LEne J WP was a non-Marxist petty bourgeois political movement mainly confined to the youth, especially of Peasant origin. Its political doctrille was a hotch-potch of the Leachings of Debray, Castro, Guevera and Goebbels spiced with a few quotations fron Lenin and Mao. ExtI e Ille communalism, youthful romanticism, highly emotional speeches, well planned showCoff, assur: Ilce of El In easy and cairly victory with the least sacrifice etc. are the Ileans the WP cmployed to deceive the youth. Objective conditions for the rapid develop Illent of a petty-bourgeois In ovenell like the JWP were there. The difference betweel the JVP leadership and the rank and file was clearly seen during the insurrection. The rank and file lic libers were dedicated to thic ca Luse of cha Inging the existing social system.
But CA In we say the sa nime thig about the leadership? Though Mr WiiWecia is now claiming the honour for the i Isu Ircici con foT himself, before the CJC he tric to depict it as a counter-revolutionary act coln Inited by his political rivals in order to destroy the JWP,
Even after 1971, the JWP has not analysed its mistakes. Its so-called self-criticism is only a vain attempt at covering up its political crimes. Today the JWP is committing more serious mistakes than before 1971. Having run after Trotskyism for some time, today it is flirting with Soviet Social— III perialis In in 1 search of a short cut to power. It is currying favour with the UNP
eactionaries. It is disrupting the unity of the progressive forces, Here We I11ean the JWP leader
ship and not the ordinary membership.
Q: How would you characterise the current situation and the prospects facing this country? In this cortext what are the tasks of the Left and the obstacles to be overcorne in order to achieve Left unity.
A: The Interational situation is very confused, Super Power
(CGPF firT e di FF FF7Fe )

Page 19
Education
Politics of Higher Education (2) Social composition of
and politics
by Sunil Bastian
As university education began to spread to a greater part of the population there came about in the campuses a definite change in the Whole atmosphere. The representatives of the subaltern social classes actually brought the campuses closer to the society. The Universities which earlier were even physically isolated from the rest of the population became absolete At least universities were forced to relate to the outside society in their basic objective. The new classes of students wanted their problens discuss cd in thic campuses, They wanted a relevance in their content to the life situations. The isolated academics were questioned. All these in the final analysis Ineant an embracement of politics by the universities. From now on the university could justify itself in the eyes of the students only by responding to the rhyth II
of politics that vibrate through the society.
At this point it is important
to notice how the university came to be justified politically from two ends - the end of the rulers and the end of the ruled-but with apparent contradictory aims. The rulers attempt to get the benefits of knowledge produced to maintain their hegemonic interests and the ruled by sending their representatives in, brings "outside" politics to the campus, The final result is the piliticisation of the higher educational institutes. Therefore however mluch
we may try to contain it, the development of our history had brought politics right into our higher educational institutes.
These transformations of the Telation bet Ween the Stalitic and
the university the altered su the campuls pli our notice the itself, revealing ditioning. This there had bec
coming more
Traditional : ledge had been a product of t lated about the to make usc o adapt it in or problems of liv definition can natural and soc development « method tried tit ledge valuc-fre neutrality and : situations. Some discuss cd above myth of this in the political col ledge seems to g
A questioning approaches to k to ques tion ewe sions of subject tives of study today. In Eur divisions arose from the prob societies faced. problem-solving determined this of knowledge ir how Te the 5 : t ls in Solvin To take a well From the Soci developed in Fl to a subject cal whose objective "n flt syg Focietie discipline calle centrating on t ties. It is qui this typic of a hold its ground the Third Worl are the probler

the universities
nd the impact of ial compo5i tio I 1 of pulation, brings to ature of knowledge its political conis something that always, but only explicit nowadays.
ttitude to knowto consider it as lose who speculworld and tried it or tried to er to solwe mam’s ing. This common c applied to both ill sciences. The if the Scientific: make this knowc, implying its pplicability to all I of the aspects shows to us the ut Tality.“ In fact ditioning of knowo even deeper.
of the existing howledge will have the basic diviand their objecSi We have the pe where these he stimulus calle em; that those It WWEs thicse situations that articular division c subjects. But divisions helpful our problems. known example science as it one, it gave rise 2d Anthropology if study wins the Ald another sociology coinEuropeäIl Socican arent that divisio Il camint in eaningfully in More important posed by our
developing economies to the natural sciences. For example, can an Agriculturalist tackling the question of fertilizing meaningfully do it with Uut a consideration of W 11 t fcrtilize Ts Timmeän Lo Luis as a socio-locomo unic problem, and with - out taking into account the link of the fertilizers with the World Capitalist system through the multinationals. How many of our agronomers not to mention development journalists jumped into the band wagon of the "Green Revolution” a1nd in fact actually helped to in plemcnt it without understanding whom it really benefitted.
These types of dangers where the specialist is nin El de use of simply because he had bec) given a specific approach to the knowledge and therefore is train cd to sce the problem narrowly is in manent in the natural sciences. We, if we are really serious about solving our problems of development must try to see a fresh, without these filters, the wealth of knowledge that the world has today; the way knowledge developed and the Way its categorised depended on a certain socioeconomic model of development that the World had gone through and is going through. It is not free of these influencyc5 aid tlılış not frce of political determinations.
Although any of its try to dissociate higher education from politics what I've tried to show is how politics is present at the core of higher education. In fact the justification of the existence of the Iniversity itself is political. This is what the liberal birgeois democratic ideas have tried to hide with their concepts like "acadetic frecdo Tin and "Liversity'. autonomy'. What is happening today in Sri Lanka, for example through the New University Bill is a process of taking the sheepskin away from the wolf and thereby laying bare is true nature.
7

Page 20
Cinema
Sinhala films and opp groups in society
by Ananda Jaya Weera
rom its inception the Sinhala film industry has produced a spate of bad films made purely for commercial purposes, lacking any artistic value and con sisting of the usual mixture of fights, low comedy, romance, night club scenes plus the standard quota of songs and gyrations which pass for dancing. These films usually plagiarised from Hindi & Tamil films -have been ELrtistical y bad and socially lacking in any
WISS.
It is 25 years since the new wave of Sinhala films collmenced with Lester Peries' "REKAWA". Since then, there have becil many artistic, technically proficient and well-acted Sinhala fills which hawe served to show that Sinhala film producers do indeed have the capacity to rise above the badly-produced, sentational films Lihat flood the market.
But has there been a parallel development of a social awareness or consciousness in the the Illatic content of our films ? Clai TT 15 EL Tc Inade even in some "progressive quarters that there is a radical trend in the cinema. But instead of bringing a more sensitive and realistic portrayal of the peasantry,
working class, fisherillen and women to the screen, We have seen films which, though Well
acted, technically competent and full of lyrical shots, actually tend to be 'anti-people' in content projecting a false and contemptuous åt titulle to these oppressed social ErdլIբ5
I this Tticle, it is in te del to look at so II e attitules inci impressions conveyed to the mass audience through films, expose, their class nature and the to consider a few of the larger issues
18
regarding their
and affirlining st that contribute t domi Illic of b)
Peasants
Let LLS take f way the peasa Tinti are portrayed. F filli5, 5 REK THARUWA
BEDDA, to lili AKKARA PAll RAJA, the villag biti Its aГЕ 510W
TomaTiticised ITE I itself is pictures fields, da goba,
tank being Pro
 

pressed
role in creating tereotype inllages o the continued il Tgeois value:S.
or example the y and rural poor ro Tin such early MWA, SIKURU IIld KURULU
landscape; the inhabitants ate generally guile-less full of Illstic simplicity and virtues. The intrusion of villainy is through a land-owner, boutique-keeper or state official. However, since the emphasis is always on personal drama and the characters stand isolated from their social setting, thic social reality of the life of a peasant, his relation snip to
Tarı Hrleri played yararlı - arı appre,Fred granıp (frarri ! he! filtri: “Ahaus Gaywiya")
ter films like A I KAWDA e H Ild its ilıhı ağİı in arı İdyllic IIler: the village Lic with its paddy teImple, well cor Iminently in the
others of his own class, the impact Uп his life of the laПtil-C WПег or the trader who exploits him, are completely ignored. Even in the Tire cases like KWWDA RAJA, when there is some depiction of the problems of the peasant, the relationships are

Page 21
portrayed in terms of black and white and arc always reduced to a personal level with the conflicts being solved at the same level.
There has beem illo Sinha la film which has attempted to go behind this idyllic picture of the village and the peasants and to analyse, in realistic terms, the problems of this group. On the whole the cinema's portrayal of the peasant is romantic, one-dimensional and distorted and uniformly contemptuous. The Imost gross example of this attitude was seen in KOLOMBA SAN NIYA, where the peasant, with his traditional rural habits, attitudes and customs is brought into an urban Inilicu. His basic inability to understand and cope with this unaccustomed way of life is the source of coarse humour and he is made the butt of cruel and vicious jokes. The contempt of the socalled urban sophisticated towards the rural, finds its full expression in this film.
Even in a film that seeks to portray a peasant Fcbellion (WEER A PURAN APPU) a gross carricature is perpetuated. The peaSants are shto Win as y clling, halfclld "natives" Without an ounce of strategic Wisdom, with their final defeat being a foregone conclusion. And what do they do after a temporary victory? They quickly become a bunch of loafers, indulging in drunken dancing.
Fishermen
The fishing community of Sri Lanka ha5 fared 110 better. In Films like DHEEMARAYO and HITHA M THURA, we find the same kind of romanticisation, as the fisherimer llave becil abstracted from the social reality in which they live and struggle. Even a Llore sensitive film like SATHSAMUDURA falsified to some extent the reality by placing more emphasis on the struggle the fishermen are called upon to Wage with the forces (if nature. BAM
BARU AWITH, om the other hand, totally ignores this aspect to concentrate F1 the Social
relationships both within the fishing community and with the exploiting outsiders; even here,
the fishermen depicted as al. drunk, violent, whose savagery control by the the sympathetic No trace of c is seen a Tong this film. Th enemy and it i type from the of exploitation thus adding to confusion undci
Urban worker.
Sinha la fills their free-floati seem to exist means of econ often the lowe rayed in this I to exist merely scape and to t call of the r relatively few f are shown in of work, the p but real and I the stereotype i Lihat cxists in 1 bourgeoisiec. In Society and th working class contempt. In CE for instance, depicted as a of perple who been controlled with an iron f this style of
 

“Tre Village folk are generally guile-less, il go
rr:Fric Sirraplicity"..." (fror tre film " Reka Hva")
of Kapitiya are most permanently primitive people is only kept under Navy, Police and Catholic pries t. lass consciousness the fisherillen in ere is Illo class s only the "hippie" city who speaks and oppression, hic general political tlying this fill.
i Te Itable for ng characters, who without any visible Inic support; most classes are port1 A n ner; they seem
to fill the laide at lle beck 1
ch, Even in the lms where workers an actual setting
rtrayal is anything erely cich II for 115 to Image of the worker he minds of the Sinhala films, the culture of the re held in Litter ANDI SIYAMA, the workers inre Tumbling lazy set have up to now by the employer st. Finding that Image:Il crit is
getting out moded, he gets a friend of his to en rol as a worker and by a few acts of collusion with the employer, to become the unio II leader... [ In SELINA GE WALAUWA, the workers living in the i slunns are me: elip in terested in a feeble betterment of their immediate surroundings and are shown to be without any trace of class consciousness,
Or to take an example from a better film – in SIKURU LIYA, the driver with whom the heroine elopes, is depicted as a violent brute; he is a woman-beater, getting constantly mixed up in drunken brawls and for relaxation taking part in a bajau led by that prince of lumpen-culture, Freddie Silva. Herc, not only is the worker depicted as a primitive creature, but his very lifestyle, his home, and his culture are portrayed in a contemptuous Illa L1 The T, ils cont Tasted with the Iniddle-class values of the heroine.
Women
Of course it is not surprising that Sinhala films display a similar backward attitudo with regard to women. They seem to see woman only in terms of 'good' or 'bad'. The former include the devoted, doll-like girl-friend whom one can almost see growing into the other stereotype of Womanhood
(Corf fini Efeal (7 riIi page go)
19

Page 22
Sinhala films . . .
(Crd Fr pagச :)
the long-suffering mother. There are also designing bad Woller (Chin Chin Nonas), Enight-club girls and the vicious schemers who plot to rob the hero or the heroine of his or her birthright. In SASARA, the simple Buddhist village girl is virtue incarnate, while the urban, Ilodern girl is a Catholic, whose family indulge in all sorts of deadly vices including drunkenness, immorality and even atempted murder, Naturally. the unsuspecting hero in this film from a "respectable' family falls prey to the evil gold-digger and pays for his sins. In all such Sinhala films, one can be sure that by the end of the film, these "bad women and shrews will be tamed, chastised and perhaps imprisoned (as in Sasara)
However, it is Il te that the ' "bid" share one f they all spend th delicacies for the shing his shoes equally the victi Il ression, Violence : inflicted on the capitalist society. fil:11 qui estiolls this they all condone it only wonnen and th
(NEXT: Working WC
Trends . . .
(Cred fr ரயி:
In Peking. But much politics in Thoughts, Sը իt walking or driving pala Mawatha, Wł Embassy has its would have noted
WE WOULD HAWE
2 BODES & FACE RATHER THAN
2 FACES & BODY
泷
Servo
Th
H
at the although
并
교I)
 

interesting to good' and the atc. as women; cir time cooking hcro and polithey arc all ls of the oppind degradation by a patria Tchal, However, Llo situation; indeed, as the victims are at is their kala’. men, false values)
the poster is as Ch fra as M70's Its cd observers down Dharmaiere the Chinese imposing offices, the piquant irony
of a poster in red, it simply said 'Chinese bandits; Hands off Vietnam’’.
Students of the art recognised the distinctive style introduced to posterpolitics by one of our youngest political movements.
People . . (பொாtfrரச நாge)
Meanwhile in Rhodesia, Prime Minister Ian Smith's son, Alec, is reported to hawe undergone a conversion experience. He claims that his religion now affects his political thinking. 'I grew up taking privileges for granted | automatically assumed black men would serve the and that I would get a top job. This arrogance and self-centered Indifference to others has changed. I would be happy now to live under a black Government."
For 15 Years
ice with a
is to defend
e Sword
smile
OUR COUNTRY OUR EMPLOYEES
&
OUR GUESTS
AVE STOOD GUARD
entrance for many recent years some ALIENS wanted me removed
Support Charities
:: Stop Smoking
S(IVe Wolfer
Avoid Alcoholist -
::: Gro' Fool
Keep Fit
-- Don’t Garnible.

Page 23
Satire
The Battle
How it all began
by Elmer de Haan
he Bishop was troubled in T He read and re-road the letter on his desk but repotition only served to increase his worries. In utter perplexity he sent for his chaplain, an old school friend, on whom he was Wont to lean heavily in settling the many vexatious problems of
his diocese.
"Good morning, Boke, he grea
ted his chaplain, "will you sit
down".
"Hulld Juggins, why the long
face. Hawe you been at the bottle again"?
The Blshop sighed. Boke was very helpful in times of need but apt to be facetious at times. "I've had another letter from Lambeth, will you read it."
The Chaplain did so. 'Pheugh" he muttered, "what hawe you done to rile the old boy, he Seems to have his knife in you?“
"No, I can't say I blame him, he is only doing his duty. You See, behind the Archbishop stand the industrialists. With them Christa inity is just a matter of profit and loss. If they are to Support Our mission abroad they expect to be reimbursed, and that most handsomely'.
'H'm, there is much truth in What yolu say, Bish, how are yolu expected to help?"
"By Willy-nilly increasing the number of converts each year. Boke".
"But the day of forcible conVersion is long past and I cannot seg any other Way of, shall, wg Say, persuading the hea, then to abandon his pagan gods and accept Christ the Savior."
"The Archbishop is of Ճբinion, and the Governor agrees with
of t|
THE | Occasion the center Citters if Kong, D gilation r it al I beg Curse is
hin, that shoul schools in the only Christians later be eligible posts in both and I Meiricantile Sol ve our probl "But how those blasted .""aוחסH
"Why Boke, simple. You co and the first Cover Fi5 akt like a Christian. supplies the clot the footwear an
''“Ah! the gol What a sordid Juggins, I never thood in this II, til Te | Cornwar showe|| 5ome ch|| trialist's pocket."
"Do" tik : We are both de for which wa ar.
salaries, like th there. It is ine Tiëst to hawe | | | ad any'. The
grew kindly, 'N muddy Waters, o what may be About these sche begin first with YOLI See to the Gazetta. What be a SLIitable nan
"S. Thorn" disciple who doub
"Excellent", och
"I See you hawe
sense of himur'
事

he Blues
f the year.
attle of the Blues is the sporting event and social
The celebratics arly will bring Royalists and Thomians
ii :: Illectio With
on New York and London, from Sydney and Hong ing of cancer, Ernier de Haar lets his lively in aan to give us his own fanciful account of how
in a century ago.
fiercely partisan and proud of it.
reסn mםקס i we sland and accept Idents who would for the higher the Goyen ment Services, We would 3ms". would that capitalists
help back
it is all so very nwart the heathen hing he does is dness and dress Then Manchestor thing, Nottingham ."חס סl sם
homics of religion. business it all is, SAW my priesght before. Every thic heathen I n!k into an indus
I to heart, Boke ing a job of work e paid handsome a gardener out var good for a lusions. I never Bishop's voice layer, Boke stir he newer knows at the bottom. Jols, I suggest We Colombo, W||| a notice in the to you think will le'. Wah he not the Ligd"
ortled the Bishop not lost your
As a Royalist, de Han of
The next week a notice appeared in the Gazette calling for application5 from boys below fifteen years of ago who ware to be admitted to the new school at Mutu Wa. " " | 15 truction would be given in the Three R's and the Christian Religion. Selection would be limited to the sons of minor headmen, rural pals intry and estate workers. Preference would be given to boys who were not 5o5 of II. R. C.’s."
The T25ults Ware Calamitou5. Every churl, every warlet, every willein, every clodhopper, who could beg or borrow a pair of brown shoes from som 2 kindly -חנכוח tlyכוחסEuropean Planter, pr ced his thirick 2! le and dro ya post-haste to Mutwal to seek admission. They came in droves those son 5 of the soil. From far off Bintenne, from the Wilds of Dedi gama, from the Jungles of the Raja Rata, from the rolling plains of Haraglia, they kept on corning, all demanding admission. The Bishop did some q ick thinking. Selecting two hundred or so of the less disreputable, he dismissed the others with kindly Words and gestures, advising then to re-apply the next year. Ordering the chosen few to cut of the konci 25 and bathe their seves, he tok congel With his chaplain as how best to prepara a dinner for the new bays.
事 囊
Mr. Ashley Walker waxed wrath - ful. Spacing his study, he groanad aloud. What the dawi did this falo y Falkner think ha was doing in suggesting a cricket match between Royal and this
1
in special

Page 24
founding S. Thomas'. Did this idiot Falkler realize what sort of boys he (Walker) had to deal with. Haughty aristocrats every one of them, filled with pride of race. Stiff-necked and quick to anger. He, Walker, already knew what their answer would be. The rigid stare, the raised eyebrow, the curled upper lip, the stony silence, the cold contempt.
He, Walker, would feel like a worm in their presence, and this Was What that dunderhead Falkner was letting him in for. He groaned in spirit, everything had gone wrong for him since he Cã Te to th || 5 Eblasted School. What a fool he had been to have fallen for the specious promises of that gli b-tongued scoundrel Cul. Back hore he had refused the head mastership of a leading public School in the South of England to come to Ceylon. If this match does not come off, he soliloquized grimly, he would be lucky if he was given a house master's Post at any Grammar School
One forlorn hope, however, remained to him in his predicament. If he could win Silwa of
the Sixth form, that silver-tongued orator, more armenia ble to Tesor Lihat the others? He. Set for Siwa.
"So you see, my dear boy'. pleaded Walker, "it's all up to you. The Bishop and the Governor are particularly in favour of such a match in the belief that public school spirit and sportsmanship could be established through intercollegiate matches. It is all poppycock, li grant you, but пу whole future depends on the play. ing of this match."
"I shall do what I can", agreed Silva, " but it will be hard going. These Thornians are a rum lot, Sir. I saw some of thern at the Fort Station the other day, there Was Stillan un mista kable air of the rustic about them. Clad in ill-fitting, ready-made suits, probably purchased on instalrients at Simes Emporium, they looked pathetic. Most of them wore black pants with tan shoes. If you ask Sir, I think them impossi
22
"But Silva, "why should y Eble so 5 tund offi
"They are qu Sir, but you their position. country with customs you Eu understand, Sho the son of a rub shoulders et field with the : head Tan Who is willage cattle lif M. M. wil a: upon to resign Sir, water does With oil. But I äsk of Te and to let ext Corea and Robe you will hawe t Bewen. He is
Walker odde knew that fello' Ywell. Sharp eyi the te nacity of missed anything. easy going but LInbending when assailed. Robert turn, pounced you made and never let go. to be easy desp and diplomacy,
Si Iwa had mad it. The Sixth exactly chummy hostile. They h; of men who w great boredom listen to both 5 Walker hastily d his opening pre: with it.
"Silva', he in "" would hawe alt this match shoul should like to
Tets"
After a painfu rly two minute tionless voice : seriously suggest should play this or S. Tols"
" Tere "you said it, Be

roared Walker, ou of the Sixth s'.
ite nice fellows, Thust appreciate This is an Eastern age-old Customs, ropeans will never uld, for example, Maha Mudaliyar war on the cricket ion of some Illinor probably also the ter as well the isuredly be called in disgrace. Here not readily mix shall do as you summon the Sixth evening. Beven, r"t5 arte the orie:S o Watch, especially ough",
!d gloomily. He v Beven only too 2d, possessed of a ferret, he new er
Corea was morte stiff necked and
his dignity was 5, gaunt and tacion the first slip like the te Trier t was not going ite Silva's suavity
e a good job of while not being were not openly ld the appearance 'ere prepared at to the miselweS Eo ides of the Story. ecided to abandon Amble and get on
formed the Sixth, eady told you why d be played. I
hawe your con
silence of neas, a Cold, emosked, "Are you Ing Sir, that we
Dotheboys Ha || ir Whatever it is WEITE TIL TITL" of yen".
"Why, yes", gulped the stricken Walker, both the Bishop and the Governor expressly desire it'.
A harsh, grating voice, not unlike an alligator at lunch, cut in abruptly. "The wishes of these estimable gentlemen are no conCern of ours. By the way, where is this place called Mutwal?"
"Now wait a minute Roberts, don't rush matters', pleaded the now disintegrating Walker, "this, er, Mutwal is a small village by the harbour, a little to the northWest of Kota hea'.
A strangled "My God" from Corea made the tombi-II ka silence that followed Walker's ill-chose Words seem even more deep than the eternal peace that enveloped the Universe before Creation, for Walker had committed the un Pardonable faux pas, the word Kotahena was new er US ed in polite circles.
Sir" a 5 ked Wia 1
"Does it mean
Geyzel, a shy youth who rarely spoke, 'that we have to pass through this 'K' place to reach Muitwal".
A general murmur arose . . . . Impossible . . . . Si Tıply not done .. ... shocking.... chuck the whole
affair, I say .... Walker must be
crazy to expect us . . . . . . . . I warned you all along that there was
a catch somewhere . . . . Silva deserves a ducking for letting us in for this . . . . . . . . I am for resigոing and going home",
Interrupting this symposium, Walker broke in with "No, No, Boys, it's nothing like that. You will not have to go anywhere near Mutwal. The Match is to be played at Galle Face".
"AAAAH! the long drawn sigh
of relief filed the room and swelled into a magnificent crescendo before dying '; 'why did you not say so at first, Sir,
that makes all the difference'".
Walker sat back in his chair, mopping his damp forehead. Ari sing, he Lottered to his Cupboard and took out a bottle of his Brandy. He needed it as never Before, The Sixth had left. Some minutes earlier, having given him their word to play the match.

Page 25
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Page 26
Letters . . .
(Crited fr page 2) Movie maker acclaimed director of the local film scene. Mr. Peiris, has been the victim due to unwarranted remarks made by him of certain 'tribes' who are engaged in this ribald trade of journalism.
The author, who admits that he has covered aspects ranging from Parliamentary affairs to
accidents as a journalist is "conscious of direction' in presenting to his readers a critical analysis of the latest production of Lester's. After reading his essay I came to the conclusion that a seasoned journalist is capable of doing justice to any subject and it is proved beyond doubt that it is mot essential to be a film critic to analyze a film, thus negating the theory advocated by Lester.
Let us not permit as the author suggests to allow Lester to ""langu ish in his cawe and rol | — a-rock over the entrance' but as suggested by another contributor (C. Wijeratne) in the same issue that he will resurrect to
find his way back to meaningful realist cinema".
Colombo-5 Camillus Fernando
Which way . . .
(Caled fr page )ே
contention for domination is felt even here in local politics. Neo Colonialism operating through multi-national monopolies has taken our economy into its grip and is being tigh tened day by day. This economic situation is reflected in the socio-political measures taken by the Govern
ment. Hence anti-labour laws. curtailment of democratic rights etc.; at the moment people are
confused and the Left is disunited. There is no Left force capable of leading the masses against these measures, Hence the reactionarieu have found it easy to carry out these steps,
24
Cocksure c
I will begin b taka's two qt capitalism is, as rently exploitatis lism, as a sys emphasis) is no
Now, will he an:
| . Whara in
We a non-exp today?
E. Where ir
is there (I quote) the administrati both representat genuine popular
| hope he will resorting to nan ectual wagrant") less gibe ("We aro Lund Gulags et the back of the Parties to a deb: sort of Unfunny t not advance the
As for terminous With Chintaka would th Is the next til him. I am pre "the centrā | te political Economy "if the Editor p on condition that to remi in Telewa Te Cour 5 to the and other such comprise the sh in-trade of the logist.
surplus
Lastly, some agree with Ch ton FTiedman in terise the No Economics award a piece with th Cynically given ti Begin. But I wo Words than mani:

TetatÕS
/ answering Chinestions : ... Yes, a system, inhee, 2. No, Sociatem (Chintaka's
exploitative.
wer mine please!
the world hawe loitative society
the world today 'a society where re apparatus is iwe and open to participation"
answer without le calling (intelland the meaningind him hanging c." and 'get to class' etc.). Both te can do this hing but it does
argument,
not being coprofits I wish te || Kar| Marx The he rins into a Ted to de bate net of Marxist ' With Chintaka termits' but only
: Chintaka agrees
nt and not hawe patromising sineer gimmicks which op-worn stockprofessional para
:ommon ground: intaka about Mild would characbel Prize for 2d to him as of
Nobel Prize 2 Kissinger and uld use softer
ac: simplistic and
cocksure. Friedman, too, belia yes the mode of analysis he employs is the finest available. So did the Rev. Jim Jones. The World is today full of such true-beliewers of various persuasions and denomi nations ready to kill and die for their cause. The followers of Chin taka's 'master" too haye had to face "cruel exposure" in their own numerous versions of 'Chile" over the last sixty year.
Kolupitlya Costain de V05
Physician heal thyself
It would surely be outrageous conduct on my part and totally without justification were to call Mr Amaradas a Fernando a purplebotto med baboon; | should hawe no evidence whatsoever on which | could base such an unfair and unfounded description. Neither can Mr Fernando have any grounds for calling me an illi terate and a lickspittle unless it be my failure to find Mr Haan's letter a musing when Mr Fernando himself thinks so highly of it. Mr Fernando's reaction, I suggest, is excessive. "Hobbledehoyhood" was the motjuste. Mr Fernando should understand that it was not polysyllables that I took objection to but the assumption that the use of polysyllables was in itself amusing. Mr Haan’s letter was at least good-humoured; Mr Fernando's is ill-tempered. Mr Haan's two Latin phrases did not, in Mr Fernando's qua int Phrase, "break my back". Actually found them rather pathetic. Cicero's wail to CatIline was badly mangled ("patentia" indeed!) and Apelles admonition to the cobbler was used in an inappropriate context. I wonder if Mr. Fernando spotted these lapses' His claim that Mr Haan's |etter contributed to the antiimperialist movement tells us something of Mr Fernando's concept of that mowe ment. If Mr Fernado looks up St Luke 4:23 he will learn that the correct text lig : "physician healthyself'.
H. W. Fowler

Page 27
(mO/rU VOU ԾՕՈk iՈ.
LLL LLLLLLLLLL LLLLL HCHHHHLLLLLLL LLLC LL LLLLLL C L S
LLLLLL LLLLLLLC CHLL L CLCLL S CLLLL C LLLLLL LL
LLLLLL LLLLLLLL LL L HHHLHHL CLLLLLL L LLHLLLLLLL LL L LLL u ndër Stand your probleni as if they arc our own.
of Colombo in 1961, we have spread a low is and
with the world's capitals too.
We are better equipped today to crry an even bi
L LL LL LLLLLL LSLLLLL LL LL0LCaLLLL LLL HLLL LL Ought-after bank in the local banking circles.
PEOPLE
IN THE FOREFRONT
HEAOFFICE
 

ook what the Look what we
seople have have done for one for us the people
12 lakhs of then de 0224Branche through ou I busine with u he IIIrd
57, of the total Savin O Antwork of 555
depositi a mong || Coopera riva Rural Bunk - Tinn er e il bank i cover in rift of rural Wikh u r
ca aper rive Ruri Bank P8 Fish Griei B nk. I depot is over 200 milion
Од Eamp. E† Für Ein
Branch cred to hindle
he ricon" inn PCF - e port fra de pee dily ind efficiently
BIRTH.
Jght-ofter rrilonko
globic. You name an inhabited continent. We
ind rather than as a mere customer. We try to That's why from hurn ble bogin nings in e hic Eity willagus in Sri Lanka, and #frg ngth on = d m LIT link =
igger load of responsibility on your behalf.
:lped us gain the coveted position of the most
S BANK
WITH THE NATION
CLME)

Page 28
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