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Page 3
Press Freedorn
Justice, d cynic reTigrkcd is oper1 to al". . . . , , // ke the Ritz Fig fel. Hai 5 till: 57 ff): fË rhif wisdom infected the Sri Lanka Press Council. At this writing the Council has not contradicted a news item that said it would like to see the Newspapers Ordinance drier ded to require al news paper's to provide a bond guararnteed by the Iris LI r a rice Corporation of Sri Lari ka or the
rew Majoria | Instrance CorpoF1 tr).
Everybody interested in the
freedom of the press, guaranteed by the Constitution1, T1 ust siri cercy
hope that this rews report is
te.
Rich newspapers can afford
nat only strong Insurance "cower” but a Battery of Q. C's On retainer. What of the mini-press which the director of the Iri di al ni Press Institute described as the // y el est section of the Sri Lf7 nka
LLLKGS S SS L LSLLLLL S LLLLLLLEa S LS State monopoly, the CRM was obviously correct when it pointed out that 5 L, ch, a medio Lure Would Take government control of the redic] to tr).
"Subversive' Sramadana?
So Sariyoda ya is back in the news, of only through gton with an American Professor (Buddhist studies) who was given 48 hours to leave the country, along with her two kids and two American cos leag Les. The Immigration Department was Octing on reports by the army -police intelligerce units in the North. While the Observer', with Sonne under Standa ble en thu - siasm, rushed forth to give it a front-page splash the Daily News, the next day, tucked the url Luis Lucal story 7 Way on page five. In its front-page item the 'Sun' gave the news a sinister
tj. 5 tjeli
arge which m government's ex tfor. The Conti Ct5 yith in Jaffnd.
A grectly ag i yaratmı7, The MM Winning Sarvoday fed the action rm isti ke'". Mr. that Professor the Arrioris (Tr Washington is . kr23 wr1 BLudaidi 5 t
J. S.
Thig lig rialt that Mr. Ariya ra! which receives assis force has Sufi J gartrete, last regime, a mid] de 5 i 15 ter II Sa rw oda ya's cI (: Siya ng Korale. [ tí y e umbrella of the "inner tr succeeded in ge "Temple Trees' Organisat fori's me
Brain
So row It is teachers. They Ergirl dair), W years has been rid rily with our
In thց sisties a fad ir number i university "lectLII the U.K., J.S., etc. To the U had the magic W ted cher'''. Mow th { |lis Africa, rmlığı İrn ll enterprising, Job gση Isod o couple As a result 5cFhoofs in Coloro Gre are sudde a shortage of at the "A Ley:
(:ோ:

ay explain the
traordiлgгү НегП. Sun spoke of
Extrem is. Ti ya Luth'
ťať:d A. IT i Aji , ng saysay Prize"a leader descri
5 "" tert til: Ariyaгатпа says during Macy of University in ire of the fest scholars in the
the first ra's organization generous foreign ford 't Self in Fmps. During the SLFP Minister legations about Լ| | | tl t:.5 I'm thէ: Jrder the protecsome members of
r
cle" Sarvodaya ing straight to and hic Wrig fills
Ime Cleg red.
Drain
the turm of the hawe joined the Fich for many 755 cociated pri
doctors.
and early sixti es of teachers and rers did go to 11 di AL Stra S the pass fort J Food 5 " Tion Ele55 Iri * Trı iri destigation y Migeria. An ៣gency"h០៩ ចr= of plane-loads. several, leading mbo, Kandy and nly faced with Ci e rice teshers ''.
(FT Pe o}
TRENDS EERS
i.
": "...' . 11
"Militant The au Ę hor of the biographical noté published a longs de 1 my article'on "OPEC." in your issue of Ma "I, 1980, Raς claimed that the Nava Samasa maja Party'. ... is affiliated to Ted Grant's "Militant's tendency in Brita in... '. '" W sirTi | hr clairin though this time tising the more. ambiguous term linked' "is madè in the - piece "Or, the Trotskyst front" published in the same issue. These 'stateu Il ents a Te false. ייi :יון פי * Militanto s ༈ ༥ weekly "ם,ןTF newspaper published by Marxiswho are members of the British Labour Party. As such they afé"
(ட்ராசரி ரா நg :) I
LANKA
GUARDAN
Wol. 3 No. 5 July I, 178) Price 3/50
Published fortnightly by Lanka Guardian
l'utilishing (C. 1. til. First Floor. 88, N. H. M. Abdul Cader Road, (Reclammation FR 34 d ) Colc II tı. 11.
Editor: Merw yn de SI I w in
, , , , Telephr:: 2 1 C0 C09,
॥
| CONTENTS , News background 13
Foreign nr: 'ws , 6 The energy crisis , i. O Seminar report ' ". . . Ten in biography i Smal nations ' (7' Sinha la cinema " , " "9. Translatid 15 , r. 20, Women 2 " 1x22 Problēms of translation,
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Page 4
Trends . . .
Perhaps more alarming is the news that this academic exodus may be swelled by some of our top professors - economics, language studies, engineering and sciences,
The problem of course is the now familiar one - sa laries. The salaried middle and Lipper-middle class intelligentsia is caught in the crunch of declining real wages. "We are being paupe. rized" wailed a ser for dor, the colour of his collar proclaming his compulsory recruit Tert to the new brown-collar class. "And this is also true” fie added "of our varsity Contemporaries who are now at the top of the bureaucratic ladder . . . . . . either they must ta ke bribes or live
| at the edge of powerty".
In his monumental work "the Asian drama', Gunnar Myrdal spoke of the cancer of corruption. Knowing the experience of Indonesia, Philippines, Thailarid etc. the thoughtful observer of Sri Lankar trends must regard this situation with the 105 (Trixious concern. Already the university teachers have given the government time ti || June 30th for a revision of sa laries. Right now they are confining their work to teaching and research. If they do not set papers, exams Play fidye to be postponed.
Devaluation
The strongest currency in the word? Ewen as a Platt för rm slogan, a fost IIIusion. Commenting on our item "inflation, dey aluation", a top economist said, 'few countries these days make formal announcements of dewa luation. In any case the Sri Lanka rupee has been floating or sinking, slowly". He drew attention to the fact that the value of the Sri Lanka rupee stood at just over 30 to the pound Sterling same time ago. Now it is 37. Some Tigriths ag a fhurid red rifican rĻ PeĉS would cost 80 S.L. rupees. Now it is more than 200. So with the dolar, up fr Q Fm || 4 to ló.
As for inflation, he contested the widely quoted World Bank figure of 42 percent. He thinks it is 23-25 percern t
Letters . . .
mot affiliated to a rhy to which the Itself is mot affiliat It is trua that th friendly relations w sympathis a with
winning over the
to a Marxist Pro
Colombo. Sha
Population - concep
Alex Marshall r importance of wisi But has he wisite of the "purana' yilli a || ower the N.C. so by first establ with the willage grson of the chie the Buddhist te willage, I am 5 urt across a fund of information regaro. of civilization wh its survival to Bl
Lics. Buddhist sured the Sury civilization based paddy fields, a hig form of ch 'C na C4, inten 5el y pristine perfect eco-syste by werdant juni those willages are a period of owing Lo the chema cultivation government, th poverty there i. ponsible for the ratio which is a sons per family, two ageing grash
It was my per 5 when I took a "Watugoda", one c Compounds Sur few houses, 55 ped out of the werd there. N yeu stand with planning" Concept The vital factor genuine family entre it and brawe ngww wworl tiw Es and Steri
R. Nugegoda.

* organisation abour Party ed. However le MISSP F135 with the and
their aim of Labour Party gram.
nta de Alwis
- Sterile
t5
efer 5 to the iting villages. :d ewer omë ages scattered .P. If he does ishing contact 'hub' in the f incumbent of mple of that : he will Come folk lore and ling 2000 years ich has Owed ddhist econoConori C5 e 1iwal of th |5 con tank-fed hly developed tivation of an nature and 3 m established gle, Although ! going through real härdship prohibition of by the present e absence of mainly reslow population Taund six perinclusive of the dparents.
onal experience roll call at a חסוחות סf thc5e C ounded by a CCupants step9 houses, that aw, where do your 'family i, Mr. Marshall, that governs lan ning is conture, not the of contracep.חti'
3:atissa Perera
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Page 5
Workers will as themselves . . .
by H. A. Senewiratne
W. the death of a worker on June 5, the UNP government received a major blowy.
The government was rightly worried by the limited show of protes I of the organised working cla SS. Under Saver acontric stress there was a possibility of the working class developing itself into a molten lawa in motion with the June 5 movement, despite the lack of a leeft They e Terit or a credible left leadership.
The gravernment had no altermati wa but to suppress the June 5 movement. But the government was at the same time faced with the dilemma of suppressing mere picket holders whilst continuing to speak of T. U rights and democracy. This timo it could not issue the threat of d'IsrThi55al of workers either, as in the case of the proposed token strike of 28th September 1978, also called (and later called off) by the Joint committee of Trade Union Action. The trade umof arm of the UNP was, the reforce J.||Sed to launch a pro-government picketing campaign om June 5 i self. This reminded one of the attacks on anti-government pickets last December.
Rising Mood
But the government's tactic failed because of the brave show of protest on June 5. One antigovernment picket, Comrade D. Soma pala, fe|| wictim to this des - perate tactic of the government. Various other tactics reportedly used to prevent his funeral being conducted under the banner of the working class also failed with the rising mood of protest everywhere. The long-winding funcral march of June 9 turned out to be a powerful show of protest against the government.
The spectre of the dead worker will haunt this government throughout its days, will not
June SLFP -
“Ju ne 5. nn | ed i di in the opposil a top-ranking was carried; generı II. led by f' E il by tho JTUAC ors to or been particula and mi Cre: you L' di FLI the LSSP's fui that the ch Rohana Wije' diseазе 35 “ste!
But it is to draw gre: tradi ;irie 1 up with the 5 for a joint r:
iid it this cle the WP's sort |11e m turn, It5 clai appeal to rur 2, t. Anama duw; teri on Jшпе 5 El T3.5 T L of that in a frew IT Tole-Hor Tr JWP"ers joinica. tration. To Thocked the car TCe In that crying "Long while pushing J. F. lap.
teitl "While LIE then oppositio
be a question, test la Lurched W|5 he 3 cof bu opparcinistic ti Tho worlking cl take control of
The joint Co LJrin A-LiQn of national pro cal parties, tra organisations o Peasam T3, wyomi 2 5, it should be

SSerot
5 to June 24 - an
led opposition 2
:d 24;... , th-c:Eg will be y:: - i Tiportanti dat:5 ion da r" remarked LS3 Po'er. Perhaps ha lway by the enthusiasm thic Cocrts of HE Hya day of protes launched - Ever 5 ince the eleof the LSSP as rly low. With mars th joining the WP ar ''New' Left groups. urt looked so bak in racteristically cocky Weera diagnosed the mile decay"
| LSSP which sects 1 tes, satisfaction from n' Day, when it carried
LFP, 7, fter 5 || eng years.
y lly. Thig ri egotiations 3 tr). Sai'w the MEP dri Wyn rging farmation. But Lines since May Day Tarkedly downward T1 t:J Ha'ie an attractivit: Youth was blasted L. L. Wi:15, totally is call: - Si Lu Te wy3, *, hic CT13. CTP: C f i 5 3 Ion Cotters places { e. g. Mahara ga"ili Ti ë é= ln 5 tit Litoc) k no woon | the T.JA – dem nČ. P. cła i Hy i Aththa'o" "P with a wпапа 15 showed fir, Wijcwelerı it the resolution.' " il manating tank, with
1c. LSSP no We to strengון JE) במין l Eם חlה "?it חש ח
t EL 3: "Yo Ft T Hyde Park om
th: anti-government 2. Tial oro
scarc | TI LF
June 24. Althougl some Left par Lies nata by the CPSL and the NSSP still rema in
outside this widening opposition circle. The Hyd c. Park rai II y was a Si Lubistania | gain for the L55P.
"It is that SLFP hawe yer that wi|| be the real beneficiary. Just as it was after the 1953 Hurta" comic rited a radical political scientist, "It is Mrs Bandara nike who presided at Hyde Park and she was flanked ץם the Tl-LF": Siyasit hartı paramı tHı: LSSP's Colin R. de Siwa etc.'" he added.
A knowledgeable Asian diplomat
abserved "as the UNP government approach Bo. the mid-point in its É year torm the SS seems to hit. We achieved the impossible - brought about the unity of opposition Parties,''
"This is the angries funeral ha'we cy er attenderdo" a clearTiba professor told a staff writer of the Lanka Guardian shortly after the
speeches werd over at Karatte en |ս ոc 5,
The L. G. Published its own
CoTi Ten La, Y on the i Tipication 3 of June 5th in its last issue. It has in Wited C. Tiner. Is fro 11 Others ||
Es eventandongairie de velopments. We publish in th. isue an article by Mr. H. A. Scricviratni, n. Trads: Unior activist for many years, 3 noted writer and a lawyer by profelkam.
any more, af pro
according to the rc: ALI cratic and/or rad C2 i Lunion box.5 525. ass will gradually
the situation.
mmi (Lees of Trade called for a day test by "al | politide II ions, all mass f youth, Scudents, n (c.' On June admitted that the
basic reason for this is the dis
trust the working class has in the capacity and intentions of their existing leaderships. That the government over-estimated the capacity of the leaders of the working class and of the left and under-estimated the capacity of the working class to liberate itself from their leaders was clear.
However, as the protest mood after the death of Comrade Sornapala was rising, President Jaya
3.

Page 6
wardene himself announced the likelihood of another wage increase.
How long can these ta ç'tics last
is the crucial question? Will it be unlikely that the working tåss and the Tasses Will rige as they did under less severe
economic conditions in the great Hartal of August 2, 1953?
S.L.F.P tactics
But at the time of the Hartal the working class and the masses saw the possibility of the alternative of a left government although the left-leaders shirked and let it slip. Today, twenty seven years after the Hartal a similar situation has not yet emerged. As things stand today it is hardly possible that the working class will move for a decisive battle except as part of an on-coming general election. This is why the SLFP's politiCal 3rd tra de Lion leader5 are now inclined to support working class action.
Despito the perspective of a general election, the working class will get rid of their bourgeois, petty-bourgeois and opporLunist as well ä5 the bureau Crätic leadership elements in the very process of the class struggle. This is precisely what the JWP either fai |s, o does not want to understand. Nothing can stop them from falling into the category of the so called revolutionaries who are utterly exposed in the face of the deepening class struggle.
Whatever may happen in the near future, ore thing is certain: the protest cry against the government is bound to gather momen turn with the passage of time and de welcp linto a moyement that could in the long run seek to settle accounts with the social systein itself. Although in the final analysis all class struggles bring the masses led by the working class to this position, in the present conjunctional situation, it will be more prominent and clear-cut now. The Commander-in-chief who can only "Command" class struggles for and With in the limit-5 of their own survival will fall in the course of this struggle. The working cess will replace them with its real leaders,
66 he CPSL'.
sëlf-critici pect, while the Party (NSSP) is drawn into the ngar futuro," T expressed by th: titā|| 5 ciri tist Lä addres sing the f* rally" of the (Tro tionary Worker Quoting from th left-wing daily English language' and the CPSL's Political Report, that the party hi. one, but three Su E. wersions of the 5 further Thore el Carta in ed ambig The page one le "Aththa', publis closing stages of gress, quoted th cretary K. P. Sil that the CPSL. W. any front, allian: any bourgeois parl Report hawe w Cr deci5io 1 to e LO with the SLFP correct in that arhid Lunder th since the hegemof bourgeoisie. Th Said 1. Fernard and equivocal a more fundarmer aliance with the "For Wild Wes. watered-down oi
To CPSL 1.5 the theoretical Political error |388 cIivards. the I 368 deciso cal product of united from with national bourgoo
Irrgmt "|LfL turr in that party's late 9405 um de
of Harry Abeygl, was following th Rā nodi ya Line". short-lived and Harry's ouster. CPSL's present wery probably

: Three Versions
5 rush vaunted 5 IT IS rather su 5Naya Sama Samaja ery likely to be SLFP or Et in the 1 is was the view : Peradeniya polikiri Fernando 1ay Day "in door tskyist) Revolus Party (RWP), e leading Sir hala Aththa, the weekly "Forward' IIth Congress he pointed out |d present0d mot tly differentiated elf-criticism, ard h weris iom i t5elf opus formulations. ad story in the hed during the tha: || || th Cori2 mew (Gen. Se2will as promising / i|| The 'W' Ee r" 2 1 ter E or to with :y. The Political states that the a United Front =is inאי 1538 חi given context i ose conditions hy was that of the is interpretation a, was conditional nd avoided the tal issue of a n bourgeoisie. The W 15 the III C) 5 C
ne he adde d.
yet to explain sources of the committed from in point of fact, ns were the logithe theory of a the "progressive isie" The CPSL's h" has a precedent policies of the r the leadership nevardena, Who e the ZhdanowThis Phase was culminated with Similarly, the left-phase would bo transistory,
since the self-critics T conta Irns enough avenues for a renië wed "right turn' should the party feel itself isolated or if Šoviet foreign policy needs require it. In any case, concluded speaker Fernando, the CPSL. I th Congress' position on the National Tamil) Question, where it pays li po ser wice to the recognition of the right of selfdetermination but follows the petty bourgeois Sinhala-Buddhist prejudices of the JWP in denouncing the so-called 'division of the country", reveals that the CPSL is not prepared to break through the para Ing ters of the bourgeois state.
|mtidem tā|| y | demical criticisms, of the CPSL's raw in a wor: conta in ed i 1 a 5 lirT booklet on sale at the De Tietagoda rally of Revolutionary Communist Laague (RCL) which Is the local afilia to of Gerry Healy and Michael Banda's Trotskyist group in London. Though II was publicly articulated by these two Trotskyist sources, this critical appreciation of the CPSL's 11th Congress seems to be 5 hà ried to 3 certain 5extern [.. Cewon by rhan o'r anti-Trotsyist. sections of the radical left.
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Page 7
Encounter at We
by Nihal Perera
(Jessie VärFIH krij)
ΟΕ has necessarily to Waste the first day of a visit to
the peninsula, meeting its profound theoreticians. And they would take great pains in attempting to enlighten the outsider of the situation prewailing in Jaffna, in the light of course, of their pet theories. The Sinoists while being extremely fidgety about the goings con in Picking and awai ting the balancing factor that would restore equilibrium in the C.C.P. are more at ease when noting gleefully that "the S.L.F.P. is no longer a
"dirty word" in Jaffna." The Chunmakan Trotskyists, living on the threshold of the Socialist
Revolution, slips up at an unguarded moment to pontificate that the L.S.S.P. would hawe made greater headway in the Peninsula had not been dominated by the "Koviyar (Caste) People." The most 'advanced' self-determinists announce profoundly the discovery
now of five nationalities in Sri Lanka. The 're wisitonists' are extremely hard to come by these days, their real leader having
de-camped, perhaps with the Sen Thamilnyar flag - to Lus nka, Zarıbia. The occasional one you chance to me et could be se en trying to out-do the Wasuists in breastbeating to display his self-determination ist fervaur. A humour Qu5 if not pitiful, sight.
Only having completed this Jaffna ritual is one 'free" to go interior, And then - the people! Firstly the farmers. In Chunnakan, Archively, Nelliaddy and K.K.S. it is one consistent tale of woe, "Cannot the soaring costs of inputs ranging from farm implements and Insecticides to Kero58 ne to work the water pumps, be brought down? (The cost of producing one pound of dried chillies is as high is Rs. 10/- while the market would at best yield Rs. III-). Why go through the rigours of cultivation when imported on ons, chillies and 1 even dhal could be purchased in the local
market? 15 the aware that a f more than the seed-potatoes has for it which is the fixed price? strangulate the with its exports
The workers' bost articulated "Thalaiwar" Kal undisputed leade workers, who gets Invited to Union May Day Sitting bare-bod after work, he Sinhala, how in tamed the U. N. junta, haying Cr cilessly at the Council election: according to "T greatest obstaclf unity at factory cry does not ( haired leader one more result of the old bic with the utm confesses, that to remain faith working years, a long time to
誓 輛
And then-y rebels, the dari | ing makers. It at this stage til to the pern insula and arranged b (whom I shall ri T.), now standi of a barık bor E Tonths ago Wr a historical sut
Tiger Moveme main purpose с T O TE i
though this ev the last day o of numerous dis rounds of disci. been postpone suggestion -- Wh "field" and then

rmbarai
Goyerrnment mot armer requiring alloted cwt, of
to pay Rs. 1,200a full || 00%, a bowe Why does it tobacco grower ban to Kerala
problems were by my old-friend, na pathi pillai — the rt of the Cemer t Incidentally newer the Joint Trade Rallies in Jaffna. ied in his cottage relates in fluent K. K. S. they hawe P. Trade Unior Lushed them merrecent workers' 5. Parent Unions halaiyar" are the 2 to working class lewe || ... The Eelam 2xcite the white ho sees it as just of the failure cering left. It is ost difficulty, he he has managed ul to cause. Thirty he says, is indeed
arriw at zero.
妻 事
ou meet the young |-de wil 5, the Headmust be men tioned at my recent trip was in fact planned y a "young Tiger' fer to as CoTi ra, kde g trial in respect ak-up, who sole ote for our journal rey of the so called t." In fact the f my visit was to if his colleagues, int got pushed to WO Ol gCCCUTE Issico 15 etc., Two isions had already when came the not meet in the talk?, "Good" I said,
and our work-meeting' was fixed for a Saturday morning at a village of Puttur.
Here agair I was late – having spent a good hour or so with the lanky T.U.L.F. Youth Leader Mavai Senathirajah at his house discussing his somewhat sensational resignation. Anyway a full half hour behind schedule arrived with T, at the pre-arranged place to find that our contact. Conra de N. (another accused in the same bank case) ha wing waited for us left for the 'work site' promising to Como Back in a n hor. This he did sharp on time and we proceeded along the ChurakamPuttur road to our 'work site' - the village of Werm barai.
Wermbarai is a somewhat sparsely populated village situated less
than two miles from Puttur. Within a half hour of driving, having passed several clusters of houses, we arrived at the agricultural belt proper. Here on either side of the road were farmsteads, which were fairly
large by Jaffna standards, whose barbed wire-fences clearly indicated commercial farming N directed the driver to proceed along this
belt till we came to a stretch which was in sharp contrast to the surrounding area, Here there
were no visible signs of cultivation and the unprepared ground was strewn with rocks which jutted rather ungrainly. In the distance, a good quarter mille from the In in road, we could see clusters of huts shaded by a few palmyrah trees, towards which our vehicle now proceeded. As we approached the village we could see a brand new jeep (31Sri) – an un mistakeable sign of the presence of an M.P.- and over 50 people around it. As we came closer we could see the rising sun flag of the T.U.L.F. adorning the jeep standing along Side was none other than the affable party theoretician Mr. S. Kathiravelu plilai, M.P. for Kopay.
(Corrir i'r Fred torri The Pia Fe rig)
5

Page 8
U. S. - CHINA (3)
inherent
risks o'
military ties
by Dr. Harry Harding
o, if China is already relatively S.E against a Soviet attack, and if China already ties down a substantial portion of Soviet forces, it is difficult to see what additional benefits would flow to the United States from closer military ties with China. What are eas I er to identify are the risks that would be inherent in such a relationship.
First, there remain a number of regional conflicts where Ameand Chinese interests do
TI not completely coincide, Taiwan is tho Ticist obvious case. But
there are other examples as well. Recent signs of progress in the negotiations between Seoul and Pyongyang notwithstanding, China and the United States remain tled to different sides on the Korean peninsula. China and India have border disputes in which the United States might not wish to choose sides. And, Chinese attitudes toward Wietnam are probably more hostile and less flexible than those of the United States.
The so differences in national Interest and outlook Would be less disturbing were it not for clear signs that the Chinese are willing to act on them forcefully. The Chinese invasion of Wietnal in early 1979 showed not only that Beijing was willing to send military forces across its borders to pursure its foreign policy objectives, but also that the Chinese were willing to do so despite openly expressed American reserwations. What is more, Beljing made it appear, by launching the attack right after Deng Xiaoping's visit to the United States. that its actions had tacit American 5upрогt.
Thus, military assistance to China runs the risk that it may
É
enable Beijing to that are in Imical interests, but American approva reason, that nor Asian alles app ment at least, en military relatio Washington and
Second and m the risk that sui might have a col effect on Americ the Soviet Union In its first years rapprochement di effect on Sowet-A perhaps facilitatin of the SALT ON 1973 agreement dan ger of nuclear | 975 the Soviet discounted Furth In Sino-America It be como increa. find evidence th was enjoying the Moscow that its tion" had once
By 1979, begin to argue signs of a mili between the Un China had begu hostile, rather it response from til While It is too assess the calcu Moscow to inw; It Seems obvious Unlon was not t by the anouncer Secretary Brown іп January.
Finally, a close tionship with Be risk for Sino-Ar lf, as some peop. the United Stati of military tech

closer
use force in ways le to American hat may imply I. It is for this of America's ar, at the T10husiatic about a nship between Beijing.
ore Important, 15 :h a relationship Inter productive an relations. With It may be that Sino-American d hawe a positive mericar relatio TI, 5, g the Conclusion E pact and the on reducing the r war. But by Jnion had already er Improvements in relatio 15, and singly difficult to at Washington 2 leverage over "“Bei]lng connecoTo'wided.
e ower, one Could that the early tary relationship ited States and in to produce a han a compliant, the Soviet Union. early to fully lations that led åde Afghanistan, ; that the Sowie E ha | east de terred ent that Defense would wisit China
ir military rela:ijing ewen Carrie:S Illerican relation 5. le have suggested es links the Såle nology to China
behaviour
that military sales to China are used
international Soviet Union, 50
with the of the
to punish Moscow for foreign policy transgressions, it runs the risk that China will see the United States as manipula, ti we and self-serving. And by providing military technology to China, the United States assum es an implicit commitment to China's Security Interests that, in particular circu Tas tances, it might find itself unwilling or unable to meet. The United States might, for example, find itself associated with hostile Chinese policies it does not fully on dorse. Even worse, the Soviet Union might attempt to aggravate Sino-American relations by launching a limited military probe against China, assum ing that Washington would be unlikely to respond.
None of these arguments is intended to rule out closer military cooperation between China and the United States once and for all, particularly if Sino-American relations continue to improve. and Soviet-American relations Continue to deteriorate. But they do suggest that such a relationship be entered extrer rely cautiously, with full realization that cach step is risky, and that a strategic alignment with China may be difficult to reverse. Above all they suggest that sales of Tilitary technology to China, even nonle thal technology, Should not be undertaken as a "quick fix' for America's internationl weakness, as a short-term tactical response to Soviet behaviour, or as a way of mollifying the Chinese in times of strain i Sino-Américan relations. They must, iristoad, be ar integral part certainly of a bricader American foreign policy for the 1980's. Such a policy would assign higher priority to improving American military proparedness,

Page 9
strengthening the American economy, working to improve relations with our allies, and attempting to stabilize the Persian Gulf than to establishing a security relationship with China.
Put in a somewhat differant way, closer military ties between Washington ard Beijing, particularly the provision of military technology to China, should develop only after certain preconditions have been met. First, they should await further consolidation and development of civilian relations between Washington and Beijing. Second, they should be conditioned on signs that the Chinese are, as a result of the growing bila teral
consultations between the two countries, actively seeking to reduce their differencicos with the United States over regional and global issues. Third, a military
relationship with China requires the support and understanding of America's traditional allies in Asia. And, most important, it must await a thoughtful, sober, longterm assessment of the prospects for Soviet American relations.
Manti Te, there should be na objections to carefully limited forms of military relations between Beijing and Washington. These might include the exchange of military delegations, discussion of the global and regional strategic balance, sharing of intelligence, and exchanges of views on the capabilities and intentions of the Sowiet Unicom, All of the se would be in keeping with a consultative relationship with China-nor Should Siles of dual-purpose technology to China be excluded, as long as the Chinese are willing to give reasonabla a 55 urances that the cquipment will be used for civilian purposes.
A Strategy for U.S.-China relations in the 1980's, ther would be to empoh Insiz) consultations with China con regional and global issues, and cooperation with Beijing in China's economic development. A strategic alignment with China, while not to be ruled out indefinitely, should be un der Tkon only with the greatest caution, for now,
the emphasis sh solida ting and d. relations - relati formal sense, a years old- and promising new c na on issues of .
This is a fea! to forge with Beijing does ni wish to be eith rican ally, or ar To be roo close United States, realm of nation produce serious a threaten China' The Tiber of the and, perhaps mo! serious risks for w | th the Sowet. U howevor. most also wish move and manipulative the United Stat may still see th Washington 5 im: device strengthe rity toward the greater number the longer teri consultative and tionship with the
Such a relatio that Sino-Americ si tiwely manage will raquire | c regional and glo E Sino-American di: progress, Econc will require res issue 5 in Sino-A relations, particu cine trada imbal:
LWO COLJПtrie 5 dГ in the negotiati quotas. It will : the U.S. governs the growing met relations with the Lhat, om balance. benefits to both these specific ta' But with a broa conception of th tion sh ip tho Uni with China, the base on which ti

uld be on Coneloping civilian ns that, in a less than two broaden ing our alogue with ChiTOT 02 TT
ble relationship the Chinese. t, in my view, r a formal AmeAmerican proxy. tied with the rticularly in the | security, would sections at home, standing as a Third World. t important, po5e China's relation 5 non. Conversely, Chinese leaders beyond a cool relationship with gs. While some e opening toward ly as a tactical 1 ing China’s SecuSoviet Union, a are coming to see T benefis of a cooperative rela: United States.
1ship will require a ties be senConsultatio 1 entifying specific all issues on which logue might make msc Cooperation olwing rema I ning T1 erTian eton onihl larly the three to nce between the d the deadlock in 5 over textile lso require that 1ent monitor the work of private Chind to cem5 urte they are mutual sides. None of ks will be easy. and thoughtful kind of relaed Statos Seek5 g. W I | be a firmę r.
build.
Yugoslav trials
n the large crop of questions
which the ongoing discussion about Yugoslavia's future after Tito, the most challenging internal issue concerns the fragile fabric of this modern republic, a strange mosaic of nationalities and cultures.
In the autonomous region of Kosovo, for Instance the vast majority is Albanian. Since Albania is a neighbour of Yugoslavia, Albanian irredentism has always troubled observers of the Yugoslav political scene. While Stalin was responsible for the expulsion of Yugoslawia from the Cominform, Albania's formidable leader Enwer Hoxha remains proudly pro-Stalinist to this day, aloof both from Moscow and Peking. However, YugoslavAlbanian relations have shown an improvemeat just as Soviet-Yugoslaw understanding seems to be a policy priority of Moscow and
Belgrade.
A ser les of trials last morth
has nonetheless attracted the
concerned attention of analysts
of central Europcan affairs.
Eight members of the Albanian ethnic group in the province of Ko so wo hawa been sintenc2d to prison terms ranging from 3 to 8
years reports Aleksandar Leb from Belgrade to the Financial Timas. Their crime was "acti
wities' directed against Yugoslavia's socialist self-management system.
There have been, says the same correspondent, ru Thours about arrests in Kosovo of Albanians favouring a merger of Kosovo and neighbouring Albania,
In Zagreb, a group of Croats were put on trial accused of "conspiracy" against the existing Yugoslaw order.
A Serbian worker, one of more than a milian Yugoslaw migrant workers, was also sentenced for cight years. He too was accused of crimes against the Yugoslav order.

Page 10
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sundi gwmni

Page 11
INDONESIA
The domino principle
fter the Shah Somoza went.
In to enforced exile. President Park was killed by his own KCTA chief. Liberia's Tolbert was rurdered too. All perfectly durable dictators, is there a new 'domiro theory'? Who is next? General Zia who exhausted the patience of the Fäkis tari people with his seasonal promise of free elections or General Sadat who organ |ses them with generous frequency only to win with suspicious ease? CT, Ferdinand *lãrct35, and the T. Martial Law-Giver, with an agreeable devotion to the referendum and the rigged election
High in the line-up of disposable dictators is Indoncsia's Suharto who seized power after one of the biggest blood-baths in modern history. He is keen to win himself a third terril. In 1982.
When repression is accompanied by colossal corruption at the high est le wels, the dormino starts to tremble. The Somoza family owned 40% arable land in Nicaragua. The shah's Pahlewi Foundation, endowed with monies secretly funneled by the National |ranian Cil Company owned banks, holiday resorts and an off-shore
island.
Money, say the French, has no Eme. I has.
Suharto's wife "Te3" Suharto was krown to Djakarta's smart SC: as ““Fis-teri "'" Suharto mening |5%
And now "the General himself
is the moving target. Behind the telescopic sights is one of Indonesia's best known soldiers, Lt. General (retd) Mohamed Yas İrı, once deputy chief of staff. Recently ho march ed into the National Assembly and presented a 7-page Petition accus ing the Suharto regi IIIe of "hypocrisy and corruption." Among the many specific charges was a detailed report on how Suhar to beca The the proud owner of a 70 hectare rănci nat far from the capital.
WORLD ECC
Early pictul ו"איש ד"י
pori cincing a s Lubs Which for 5 omne
more se were tha W. W5 Models, an inte which specialises Tajor de yelopmer economy. The e to Te North ANI Europe and Japa countries togethe of OCED output
Economic Mod report also stati 1980's, along wit In economic grc be a substantial Although rising a
Huma
է a public f
Detter Tiber tic Rights Day, the Rights Organisati gover firme IL to si nants adopted by a και τα P ή 1ς alς α urged by othe actively engaged civil rights.
While expressi that the gover signed the se cov observes that th "an e Tıpty gestu Wys follow-up at mends the follow,
(l) To amend especially the ch right al Rights, sic P revisions in to rights laid down Although the pre:

ONOMY
1980's- gloomy
Θ
and next will see
" economie 5 extari Cial do wrı tutri Countries will be in the depression " says Economic rnational agency
in fore casting its in the World conomie 5 refered me tica, Weste in. These nine :r constitute 80%,
and trade.
Els in Its currerint as "in the early :h the down turn with there will rise in inflation. | and coT Thodity
prices are partially responsible, In a number of econcornie 5 particularly the U.S., the JK and Italy, domestic factors hawe also played a leading part."
"Also in line with the falling GNP growth rates is the rising trend in total unemployment. In almost all of the in in a Countri (25 wh (2r 2 forecasts are presented, there are significant increases in the unemployment rate - the major exceptiom ble Ing Japan, the country least affected by the oncoming recession."
According to this survey the world economy will show signs of recovery by 1982/83, But there will be a set-back again in
|GE É.
in Rights
meeting held in
Tmark the Hu mmar Sri Lanka Human on called on the gn the two covethe U. N. Such been consistently !r orgarisations,
in the field of
ng its satisfaction nment h35 now en ant5 , the HRC) is would remain re" unless there tion. It recom"i T1 g 5 tep5:
the Constitution, apter om FL mdaas to bring its
line with the in the Cowenants. i ent Constitution
Contains a 5 ta terment of Furn da rT1 ental rights, this falls seriously short of the stipulations of the Covenants.
(2) To repeal all repressive laws, such as the Prevention of Terroris im Act and ths E55 ential Public Ser Yices, A.E.
(3) To en force administratively the absolute prohibition of tot turc: In the Constitution which is continually violated in police stations in respect of persons in custody.
(4) To Inquire into all cases of torture and murder committed under cover of emergency powers in the Jaffna District between July and December 1979.
(5) To recognise the rights of the Tam il-speaking People ta selfdetermination, which is accepted by the first article of both Coyenants as a right belonging to all peoples.

Page 12
THE ENERGY CR
by U. Karunati lake
he D. S. R. S. L. (the
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka) has a little bit of everything in its make up, Hold it up to the light, and it γγII display any desired facet of its complex personality - the People's Republic, the Social Democracy, the National Socialist State or what you will.
Underneath the miming howewer Is the rather han dicapped clown whose political perspective is that of the Television liberal mouth ing phrases about free market forces, supply and demand,
free trade, and the free Society.
The D. S. R. S. L. upholds for instance, the futility of State Planning. State Planning, we are told, 15 futi le If private in Westors are to make profits. So cut it out. The Ministry of Planning has no co-ordinating role in the Government. The musical comedy officials woke up in 1979 to murmur sternly that Rs. 3,000 million of supplementary expenditure had been incurred without their approval. No one took any notice of them. They hawe gone to sleep again.
The D. S. R. S. L. opposes all protectionism. In this brave stand the D. S. R. L. is absolutely alone in the World. After all. In countries which are capitalist. there is protection for local capitalism. The D. S. R. S. L. however protects foreign capitalis ri. The Credo Liberalism a la Trudeau. Local capitalism must compete in the free market with foreign capitalism, capture its consumErs, or be wip Ed OLt.
The consumers in the D. S. R. S. L. hawe witched this drama CW er the past three years. Neither foreign nor local capitalism appear to be getting wiped out. The consumers on the other hand are getting wiped out.
In a country with population Problems, perhaps, this solution Is Lumique, but rational.
O
A Socialist St. of its resources growth with the rational use of The D. S. R. S. elera ted Sociali accelerated Socia high the bann E development, acc til of re5 ou deployment of machines, cash :
Our Physics ti us that acceler: gerous phenome knew the algeb vector. This wť idea of where y Economists, biol nuclear physicist consequerices of : in the FA I'ticular Study. Cancer, is also the resu growth. A bic elerated D. S. hence be urgent for resources atmosphere of ac ment, they appe thı iri ilir, like: power project,
Let 5 tik that we hawe Wa5 Cnce anticip eleration) that Iri in the Kotals enable repayrner diverting surplus project to India, of acceleration F that there is no existing industr 5ă "vice i II du 5 trii South West Mo is not exactly t piece.
What has hapo
The growth
are told, has
a 6% rate to blueprints for o: generation ware 6% rate of int Was in life wit (2 xp73, rh 5ior1 a rnd rLI Where hen wa

SS
ate takes Stock and balances its conservation and its resources. L. Wants accETT It is ar. ist State, halding ir of accelerated Telerated com Sumprce 5, accelera Cod mem, materials, ind energy.
utor 5ed to tel
ition was a dannon Linless you raic sign of the
Iuld give you an 'ou were heading. ogists, and even is shudder at the accelerated growth procc255 es they say the biologists, It of accelerated psy of the accR. S. L. may ly necessary. As in this pecul iar celerated developar ta vari ish i ri (0 Lh 2 Bo WA to::n 1e
hydro power, now Tertici ed it. E a te d (before a Cci di an piastil tapation 2 project would t to be made by power from the After 3 years 1owc wer, we fird power to operate ie 5 leawe allone | expansion. The is oor mð reywer, he willa in of the
pened?
in demri i d, ye increased from 2%. The earlier Kpansion of power based on thg rease, and this h projections for ral electrification. is the error
No allowance apparently had been made for the Lshering in of the new Consumer Society of the D. S. R. S. L., and the whirring, whining, power hungry consumer gadjets that the new foreign loans let loose on the D. S. R. S. L., lika a clic Lucd cf
lists,
The Electricity Board w II || confirm that the 2% rate of in crease in load over the past three years has not been really an increase in the Industrial demand. There has been no corresponding increase in the output of Industrial goods. The increased consumption of electricity reflects a direct increase in the non-industrial corms Li rmier load. A direct result, in fact, of the buying spree in which Air Conditionerg, Cookerg, and other domestic gå djets håve Corn 2 flood ing || FNLC the country with lifting of Import Control and the seductive hand out of foreign |ains 2 situation in which OIr“ scarce power resources were only serving to pump back the inflow
of borrowed cash. To a large exterit the B' increase of G. N, P. Të:Çrded in 1979, was
a reflection of this wasteful cor5 u Tıption cycle ower two Energy areas - petroleum and electricity, and two categories of goods. automobiles and electrical gadjets.
ls this the price we are paying In terms of energy to keep playing with all the toys we are getting on import liberalization and borrowed foreign exchange?
The 355 is thrge fald. The drop in real industrial aut PLL Cn account of foreign competition, the consumption of cash resources,
and the ou Liright was to of our
of energy. Convoys of lorries leave the
Part of Col|Tibi loaded with
Cärts of rol air com dition T5 from the big Corporations in Japan. Each room air conditioner consumes about I Kilowatt of electricity. A thousand such air conditioners Consume One Tegawatt. And the total power generation in all our hydro-power stations is only 300 megawatts! What about all the electric cookers which consume about 3 Kilowatts each, and the exciting

Page 13
new domes tic gå djetis in the fu|| page advertisorients in newspapers which 5 hoot off slick editorials against was te of electricity and request that State Industries close down for the duration?
In keeping with the slide back to Colonialism, import liberalization generates constraints on true industrial growth. The increase in non-industrial hydropower load has brought on the power
cuts and a slow down in local industry in the same way the increased consumption of foreign exchange or fuel for imported
automobiles has meant less forcign
exchange for investment in
industry,
Ewer the inited investment
thinking that takes place in an
atmosphere of trade liberalization is consumption oriented, like the bright idea of divorting the gas from the hydrocracker project for ColornbH SEvan kich gris rather than as raw material for the Urea fertilizer factory. Actually it has been consurer
think Ing along has resulted hydropower cris
If short powe Intraduced im J: of the failure o rains, there wol chaos in May v the mori soon.
would hawe be keep Industry g ever the rulin elite in Colomb
the shattering electricity to fr: eggs for breakf secretarië5 Elck 3. Ir"ord | Libred o the Electricity E submission and po YY er cuts. Th the power cuts
] t11חu 5וth חסוח t:5et WCET 5 Were
Was it only
Colombo who |nh the new Col whispered that
are only little
Surundib. Touring Ltd, |The Hutul Martagerint Pri:Cople! Б9, Lake Crescent, Calotilu 2. Sri Linki, P.), Exix . Till: 3785 Tel : 1 1Ë AE - TF JT
Tills: Si ridi
 
 

Colombo W that in ha current i5.
r cuts had been in Liary at the time f in ter Thomsoon al Jld have been no with the delay in Enough energy em conserved to oing. But wheng and mercantile :: Wici:red faced with tragedy of no y their baco T1 and St Cr col their : 5idis ir their ffices, they barked סtוןicfis iחird J:ס Over ruled he result was that were delayed five he hy drg power
almost empty.
ths. B. B" | were responsible? orial set up it is our big bosses muhan dirams la
the very big bo 5 ses who really decide our fates. In the Board Rooms of the big multinational Banks and Corporations that lend us the money to keep the con sumption boom going.
Just following the trend of one little thought, what would hawe happened to all those milions of Yeri worth of Mitsubish I air conditioners we have imported if the power cuts were introduced In January?
Nor should we think that the reluctant South West Monsoon has cowod the W. B. B. 's into silence. As the clouds nuzzle Lp the mountairY5, and the leyels of Castlereagh and Mousakelle begin to rise, and the April panic is forgotten, the W. B. B.'s and their computers will signal new patterns in the consumer spiral.
And when the inter monsoonal rains fail again, as they will do, because acceleration has removed our remaining forest cover, Lha sa me musical comedy farce will commence full cycle.
::ဒိဋ္ဌိစ္ကို riidigarolis, siištiriik iščitagirihirrimir žir i
fy will be that it is not hist saglid

Page 14
SEMNAR REPORT
SSLSSLSLSSLSLSSLSSAS SSASSASSASSqSTSS TSTTSTSqSqSqSSTSqSqSqSSTSTqSTqSS
The national que perspectives
éé hough the LSSP's stand for
parity of status for Sinhala and Tam II was a tourage L5 o rico the LSSP and CP must be fau||Led for not supporting the FP's call for a federal solution to the Sinhala -Tami || qu estion". This view was expressed by Upali Cooray, London educated economist and lawyer who is presently the Assistant Secretary of Bala Tampoe's RMP and a prominent personality of the Movement for Inter-Racial Justice and Equality (MIRJE), Mr. Cooray was deli wering the keynote address at a seminar on the National Question sponsored by MIRJE membership drive in the Kandy area and is in keeping with a decision to transform MIRE to a stable anti-racist lower Ther. with grass roots support and a ITh:155 character.
Continuing his address, Upali Cooray remarked that even at the time the Old Left did struggle for the citizenship rights of the Tamil plantation workers, this struggle was confined to parliament. As for the LSSP-CP capitulation to chauvinism, Mr. Cooray said that the maternal roots of this phenomenon ay in the economic upsurging experienced by World capitalism in the first two decades following world war II. This "long
boom" weakened the workers "movement while strengthening the bourgeoisie and fuelling
bourgeois populism at the political lewe|| This was the International dimension. In this country, the left movements' adoption of the Parliamentary road to power meant that it had to adapt itself to the chauvinistic prejudices of the petty-bourgeois masses for the sake of narrow electoral gain, In 1944 the CP took a position more a dwa nced than the LSSP and passed a resolution which recognized the right of secession, *õhilữ recommending regional autonomy
a5 à Solution. By
wys; Cob Yicu 5 that a 1 d ČP h:ld 3C Only' as irrevoc
tחrtaסקוחi חA
politics in this the official posit |eft Partics a Mål om å| Questio Co Lhe eadership unfortunately W. down to the b: explain why ch: are present at . th: Left mowe Tinent, expla If IMIRJE WFL ! 555 du CJ5 pros Si Li Zlati O level, it would to build internati from the base le the speaker remin that it was sh confused thinking some socialist of claim to uphold determination wh stating that they to separatism an country'.
Newton Gun Sociologist and "agrariam question recently from L Development Stuc LO Lake QWEr A: officer of the Social Scientist study of the in tionals on the ci. sector, noted the national question Marxis thaorizin was conceived Cit: of the mi || Lima Europa or in colonialism, Lan imperialist state 2 'YYET 2 1 C al ilT the Strict 5em. Se
the Te Was TC sur plus from the

2stion :
| 9) FO Yy Y" it
both the LSSP cepted "Sinhala able.
feature about left lountry was that ions which the dopted on the rn were restricted levels alone and
are not carried ise. This would auwin Ist residues he base level of
working-class ned Mr. Cooray, aout the task of ely tlzation arid at gra SS TOOLIS then be possible onalist sen timan t well up concluded lding his audience e er hypocris y or om the part of 'ganizations which the right of selfile simultaneously were "opposed d division of the
lsinghe, Marxist expert or the ', who returned
he | m. Li LL te of lies, Sussex (IDS), ; chief Tg 5 gach Colombo based is Association's pact of transniaJuntry's agrarian specificity of the ir Sri Lanka. g on this problem cr' in the context
ional states of the cortext of
▪(፲፭l WW ጳኛ t 缸f
ind the Sinhalese Perialist nation in of the Ward 5ince expropriation of North and East.
Marxist
The oppression of the Tamils took place not so much at the economic but rather at the political lewel and the Sinha lese while mot Imperialist til '''Y'' - theless a dominant, oppressor nation while the T a Tills were a dominated oppressed nation. The right of the Tamils to political secession can mot b C Con Cs2SI2d by anyonc who calls himself Marxist, am d the da cision to excrcis2 ha. E right resides solely in the hands of the Tamil people. After the victory of the socialist revolution and the setting up of the proletril II dictatorship the te could be discussions between the Sinhala and Tam || Marxists as to w Fhether the two nations could be united or reunited within a single frame
Work. But that was a matter for the future, while the Eela II dem and was al Constitugmt elerThert of the current political reality. Furthermore the most radical demand directed against the capitalist state in the whole
political arena today was that of Tar Till Eela Ti precisely because | rejected the very territorial integrity of that capitalist state, said Dr. Gurasinghe.
Sudharshan Senewiratne, a young archeologist-historian who joined Parade niya's academic staff after pursuing his post-graduate studies under the guidance of one
of India'5 best known solarxist historians, Prof. Rorri i la Thapar, åC Delhi"5 Ja'wwähärä| Nehru
University asserted the need to wiew the National Questior, from the per 5 pectiwe of the fino Werment of capital and the dialectics of the capitalist state. The new patterns of the movement of capital on a global scale had resulted in transnational monopoly Capital panctrating deeply into the Country and them fann ing out
into nook and cranny. This expansion ist thrust of monopoly capital meant the cver Lighter

Page 15
integration of the Island as a single market and economic unit. The political reflection of this was
the need for an absolutist authoritarian state which does not and cannot tolerate any
centrifugal nationalist movements or for that matter any oppositional movements however democratic in character. In other words the movement of capital at this new
stage does not permit any toleration on the part of the bourgeois state centrigugal or
counterwa iling nå tional, democratic or socialist currents. This is the horizontal dynamic. Conversely, the bourgeois state attempts to split the ranks of the working vertically by recourse to chauvinism. Thesc twin aspects, i. e. horizontal and Wertical constitute the dialectics of the bourgeois state in relation to the National Question said speaker Serie vitat ne.
This dialectic poses a dilemma for the Left ovement too and
this is se en clearly In India Continued Serie viratnc: basing himself on his extensive Indian
experience. Should the Left support the local or regional nationalisms which articula to the interests of the regional new bourgeoisies (new rich)? How to steer a course clear of and opposed to the pan India big bourgeois ruling class as the regional new bourgeoisies? These are the problems confronting the Indian Left. The Communist party of India (CPI) found itself really impaled on the horns of a dilemma during the Sikkim crisis where the pre-capitalist structures of that state were shattered by the repressive state apparatus of the big bourgeoisie which had taken a profoundly anti-darnocratic turn domestically and an oxpansionist character externally,
Laksiri Fernando, Peradeniya Political Science don and representative of the Revolutionary Workers' Party (R. W. P) led by Edmund Samarakkody pointed out
that the bourg cois democratic demand for national self-determination had been posed in the
epoch of socialist revolution. This was so because the National Question like the Agrarian Cuestion and the Women Question were
bourgeois democ the dependent incapable of I tasks hawe thertę by the socialist was low on th ironic he adde comrades who h socialist revolutio still spoke of democratic revol taneously to u! yardsticks of the 5 to raise objectic nationalism in t had a democrati
P. Muttulingiar Social Studies the audience of during the Comi on the Nationalto the effect bourgeois Section the head of move independenca wo a deal with the of the oppressic would take place -peasant masses Importance in moyement thus geois democratic percelye a threat interests. This is was taking place
the Tami | ne tio to-day. The bic who had stood popularized the a period, were
ideological radici Tamil youth an
advocacy of milit mentary forms of some leaders of
on the verge of
others were waci and confused. Siti leadership were
lWes towards th Meanwhile, this Front was adop
Leninist ideology as had several oth
groups. These Sction 5 Were it the for in orde
carry forward th Eela which the ship was in abandoning. Inde Youth h the Mc che slogan of Eelam” , and it i

"atic tasks which bourgeoisie was esolving. Those fore to be solved revolution which e agen da. It is that Maoist ad postponed the n indefinitely and solle form of tIon, chose 5 imule the stricts o Cialist te wolu LĪorm ss to bourgeois e North which
as Fett.
m of tha Lanılka Circle reminded Lenins warning Intern discussions Colonial Question that the liberal 5 who stood at men L5 for national uld tend to strike 'uling bourgeoisie nation. This When the worker assume increasing the la tornal la L5 ing the bour
leadership to to their class precisely what in the ranks of
halist movement urgeois leaders for and even
elam slogan for perturbed by the
lization of the d the latter's ant extra-parlia
struggle. Thus, the TULF were a sell-out, while a ting, indecisive ll others in the rienting themseYouth Front,
Youth Students ; ing a Marxistand programme :r militant youth Marxist Youth OW coming to to Erasp and : bar mer of Tarmi | bourgeois leaderha process of
2d, the radical rth hawe raised "Red Tamil
as the duty of
all Marxists in the Sinhala areas to Support this causa and the struggle to realize it.
Gamini Yapa, leader of the Peradiga Sula nga (Ëast Wind) group which is now a constituent member in a Marxist-Leninist Unity Committee together with G. I. D. Dharmasekera's CP (ML), argued that the Ealam slogan should be judged according to whether it strengthens or weakens the in perialist superpowers. In his view, it strengthened these Inimlcal forces and perhap5 ware even supported by them. {: he opposed the Eelam dermand though he did accept the right of the Tamils to self-detCrmination. He agreed that Marxist-Leninist thinking was becoming increasingly influential among Tamil Youth who were beginning to study such | iterature. The se youth should be guidad alang the correct path, away from the separatist slogan, individual terrorist tactics and Se clusion from the Sinhala working Il15ih:E5,
J. Uyangoda and D. Jayatilleka, Peradeniya campus displayed a close identity of views on the Mlational Question. J. Uya ngo da argued that the Eelam slogan must not be evaluated primarily from the point of its intrinsic mer its or demarits but rathgar, from the functional point of wiew i. e., in relation to its in pact on the bourge of 5 state. The Eelam struggle was a force directed against the bourgeois state. Indeed, the North was today the weakes. link in the chain of Lankan capitalism. As for the Tamil bourgeoisie in the North, it had a contradiction with the ruling bourgeoisie beca LI se its opportunities for advancement wat e fettered by the present system and the global economic Crisis, D. Jaya tillaka said that just as som a Marxists had a Eurocentric wision of World rewolu tlor, Tost local Marxist: had a 'Colombo-centrico view of the Lankan revolution. However, just as Lenin had executed a radical inversion |n Marxist thinking by speaking of "Backward Europe and Advanced Asia', we would designate the North as "mor: advanced" that the South, because there the mass sentiment against the repressive state appa
B

Page 16
ratus Ywas more w||despread and of a higher intensity than in the South, The two speakers said that Marxists must criticize the TULF leadership for a baridoning the Eelam struggle rather than for advancing the Eelam slogan. It was indeed Ironic that Marxists who champion national liberation struggles the world over (e. g. Eritrea) should denounce the Eelam struggle. It was still nore ironic that other Marxists, who te garded the SLFP as having a progressive role to play, should regard the TULF and other Tamil political for Tiations as reactionary.
Newton Guna singhe proposed that the Tamil plantation proletariat should no longer be referred to by the derogatory and inaccurate
term Indian Tam il 5, but rather as Hill-country (Up-country) or Kandyan Tamils-which is how
the se people referred to themselves
as well as how lin dian F-1 arxists described them. J. Jya ngo da argued that the Tamils in the
North and East should no longer be referred to as a "minority" which was a purely arithmetical and Subtly demea ning description. The term oppressed nation should be used instead since it conveyed the idea that the Tamils were a mation || ke the Silmi hale5 2.
Dr. Kurlar David, 5. Ilior" lecturer at the Engineering Faculty of Peraderniya campus and Central Com Titte e mer Tiber of the Nawi Sama Samaja Party (NSSP) stated that while his party accepted and firmly upheld the right of the Tamils to self-determination, they did not advocate separation as a salution at this stage of the struggle. In fact, at this given mcment they considered the Eelam slegan unhelpful and in Correct. However at a different stage of the struggle their party may wery well support the demand for separation just as they supported the Bangladeshi struggle. Despite
the sic differences between the action program. The placed before the Tamil people by the NSSP
com the one händ and Left Orien tid petry-bourgeois Organizations like the Ilaignar Perava (Youth Front) con the other, the NSSP strongly advocated United actions with
| 4
these nationali: against the Cor
the UNP goverr
Fr. Paul Caspe the MIRE, drew the audience to Lanka Sama Sam had not yet ac of the Tamils determination. S oldest Marxist P concluded that det e tri i ratio i hii: only by the Ne entire Marxist it persuaded to re of national Solf the Tamil people pose a challenge t Until then and Con text, What Ti ini Thurm progra Should It 5. helye ": for the time belin instead on à cal rights" for the Tam of the planta Furthermore, ho Emam slogan wit the hands of the
These were no MIR.JE ror e wer wiews, but rath formulated quer| the audience, Caspersz.
Susil George -time organizer forth the aims i. the movement, upon a|| Left Wir Progre 55 iwe and mizatiori 5 to mık im L M | R J E ti'yi comments, prop. 5 olidari Ly. eo
Encounter . .
(ι ο Τίτι Πει
Now the M.F ho , Icod mg and ! rebel W. Po|Imam at his house - is known to me. place at the tim suspension from was preparing th exit and the la THär || Mowe mɛ lling bäck from a (Marxist) Confer

it organizations Timon foe, i. e.,
it.
irsz, Secretary of
the attention of
the fact that the aja Party (LSSP) cepted the right to rational self |rhr:e this; Wa 5 th arty, could it be the right of self ld been accepted aw Left. If the co wcmc , Could be cognize the right
determination of 2, it would surely
o the bourgeoisie.
In the present should be the III : for MIRJE
; |f det: rm | nation" and concentrate mpaign for 'equal il people inclusive :ion Proletariat? w to support the hout playing into famil bourgeoisie t the wiews of i fixed Per 5 or å er, provisionally es he wa 5 po 5 ing explained Rew.
Se new iratne, part
for MRE, set ind intention 5 af
prior to calling g, working-class, democratic orgae frequent Inputs ties by means of sals, Support and
For ಟಿಕೆ: :)
'. - having once the Cotta Road bar:ml o di micr
no L exactly LunOur meeting took C. W. P. Yayas, um det
his party and e ground for his unching of Sen :1 || 5 tra W2Communist Party ence in Calcutta
and broke journey at Palali at W.P.'s requests to discuss his problems and plam5. II was on
one of these nights that we were invited to sumptuous dinner at Mr. Kathravelupilla's Jafna residence. At dinner the wise lawyer was at pains expound ing to me the the coretical basis of the T. J.L.F. de
mands. But what sticks in my memory of that night was the devastating off-the cuff speech
dished out by his wife throughout dinner. This Sweet lady Who had owned a sizeable extent of land in Malaysia was determined not to wa 5 te any lowe on the "Reds.' ''Con Tunist''. She Said looking straight at W. P, "are not to be trusted, The afTourt af trouble they gawe L5 in Malaya! My god And what hypocrites You know somebody told me to read that chap Mao-Tse-Tung's books to understand their philosophy. Do you know in one place he speaks of "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" and just after that of "New Democracy'. Now see how cunning he is. How can one be for Dictatorship and Democracy at the same time? Hypocrites!" Poor W. P. at whom the darts were aimed, was visibly embarrassed and spoke very little that night.
Anyway so there was Mr. Kathira welupillai together with his jeep and flag, with some 50 or so people under the Cluster of palmyrah trees. The M. P, clad in a spotle 55 white dress, was giving 2 ar to a group of bara bodied Ten who were forcefully driving home a point. As we alighted from the car three young men emerged from the Crowd and met us and they were introduced to us by N. as his Colleagues. (These were B, who had just returned from South India and was described as one who had experienced the wrath of the late Bastian pillai; W. who had been detained and dealt wich during the recent Emergency and S, another activist). Having paid a visit to the village of Wermbarai, the M. P. now I istening
to the depressed caste willagers here, who were facing eviction from their houses. In a few
moments the landlords, old and new, Would arrive,
NEXT. More Encounters

Page 17
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Page 18
LEN IN BIOGRAPHY (3 b)
Struggle to destroy anti-Marxist trend
by G. B. Keerawela
or the 25th anniversary of tha
death of Marx, Lenin wrote arı article gri titled "Marxis T1 and Revisionism' in April 1908. In this article he pointed out that with the victory of Marxism the enemies of Marxis In had changed their colours and were attempting to undermine Marxism by preterding to an end or revise Marx. Concurrently a volume of essays by a number of writers who accepted the theories of the Austrian idcologist Mach, appeared Lunder the title of "Studie 5 i the Philosophy of Marxisms' This volume was a classic example of the falsification and distortion of Marxism perpetrated in the name of "defending' Marxism. Reading this book Lenin decided to |aunch arı open Struggle to destray this type of anti-Marxist trend. Therefore he began to assiduously study the works of the Russian wiachists. Wis a result, Lamin's great work, "Materialism and Empirio-criticism' appeared in May 1909.
The Machist5 had Tried to refu te materialism with the aid of "meco - positivism' and the philosophy of modern "natural science". Lern pointed out clearly that on the pretext of preaching 20th century philosophy of natural science, they were simply resurrecting the subjective idealism of Berkley. In his book Lenin pointed out the three fundamental propositions of the Marxist theory of knowledge.
They are: (a) Things exist Independently of our consciousness, and
independently of our percep
iOS There is definito y no difference in principle between the thing-in-itself, and there can be no such difference. The only difference is between what is kr, o Wyn and What is yet not known.
(b)
(c) in the theory as in any C Sci. ካሶዖ'[ቲ dialectically, t not regard C readymade and must de Le TT in geable emerge: how IncorT) E knowledge complete and
This book nflic on philosophical || at the sarin e til T1 e 1 step forward in development of t principles of Marx
C]m Nøựømbữr ?, Ministor Stolypin new agrarian |aw w| another aspect of tionary strategy. T peasants the right village community separate homestea dators sā te ti wiped out all pro: revolutlon. But Lg that the Stolypin inherently contradi attempt, which W. bring the autocrat of collapse and will of the glorious epic
battles of 905.'
At the sa Te tendency ern er ged. that the Bolshev the DIT a should the plea that their was of no benefit tionary movement called Otzo Wats. "considering the m gth of the reactio collections with becomes more and t_յ utilize the Pro Paganda and a by the olid regimi
Corf friffer L.

of knowledge, ther branch of rimust thirik hat is. We Thust ur knowledge as unalterable, but e how knowledi fra T1 ignorance, չlate, is 12xact becomes morte
X
ted litter defeat "ewis iom ism a md harked a gigantic
ha fLurch ar ne philosophical |5 m1 -
1905 the Pring promulgated a hich represented counter-revolu = his granted the to leave the and set up ds. The Liquiat this policy spect of another nin pointed out policy "was an ctory, impossible: "ill once again 2y to the Werge cause a revival Ich and glorious
time another They demanded ik de puties in be recalled on presence there to the revoluThey were Bu t Lğrı|n 53 id 2chanical Strenm and our fe eble tha masses, It more necessary channels of gitation created
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Page 19
SOUTH ASIA - SMALL NATIONS (3)
Dynamic pattern of interdependence
hile this is the picture which
emerges from current trends, there are several elements in South Asia which can project a different scenario of development and cooperation, The South Asian region is much more of a single ecosystem in which both India and small nations participate. The resources and environmental implications of the Himalayan region cut across national boundaries. Recent es tirnates of both hydroelectric power and water resources available through the harnes sing of the Himalayan Water systerT indicata Lihat South Asia could be self-reliant in both energy and food. The exploitation of these resources could create a unique pattern of economic Cooperation between small nations and India. The prospects of an abundant source of renewable energy and the transformation of the continent in Lo a food self-reliant cor even a food surplus region would dramatically alter the entire development scenario in South Asia. Similarly, the Indian Ocean has to be perceived as the other part of the ecosystem which can contribute a dynamic component in a programme of cooperation in the region. In this situation the Small nations In South Asia such as Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh, have a major role to play particularly in the development of the Himalayan res Curces, while the islands such as Sri Lanka and Maldiwes en ter in a similar manner to a Programme of cooperation for the development of Indian Ocean resources. What emerges the refore is a dynamic pattern of interdependence in which India and the surrounding small nations could richly benefit. It alters the
ower—whelmingly dependent rela
tionships which in the normal Course might e wolwe betweem the small nations in South-Asia and India.
As has been Carlier, the main small nations in with the big region is one of c
Counter wailing pc.
framgwark af r= tion. This Wo|||d intensification of strengthening of c. tlom a Tong the themselves. It wi the selective si relationships outsi including both th Small nations || Socialist blocs a Cther cui rig5 i World. In the linkages between of South Asia
A5ia Would be ci Structure of Coun in the region,
Would be importi mations who arte militarily in the relatively powerle the World to ilir: among each othe! forms of cooperat Em å ble the Smi: develop the di Folc natlon power at level, Such a pr Sages a role for Which could lea equitable distribL in the il raio
Struggle . . .
(ČTřetí fr.
In December 9 t.) Pārtis Lco T
for R. S. D.L. P. co WAS, the Principal
Cofrece || || se werely criticize Liquidators and
.conference adopte
till which conta
of the situation
a I d conderTm ried li
to Wis,
(To

pointed out problem facing their relations DJoy Brs in the Ireating adequate Jwer within a :gional Cooperafirst imply the linkages and :onomic cooperasmall countries ould next imply Irengthening of i de tha region, industrialised capitalist and 5. Well as the n the developing first in Stance, the small nations and South-East *1 : Eesti erit in a Lervailing power Beyond this it ant for LHs smal
politically and Category of the 55 countries of 2ase the linkages " and està Elish ion which would Lill mations to 3 macy of Smal – the international Ogra Time envih2 513|| lations d tt: a rimoro Ition of power al System. e
ទr pag, fly
'08 Lenin went ke Preparations inference. Lenin speaker of this is speech he :d both the QLZOflists. Th= d Lenin's resoluined a analysis thus prevailing, quid atgris T1 and
be continued)
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Page 21
SN HAL.A. CNEMA
Kanchana, or the
by Laleen Jaya man ne
In analysis of some aspects Ar Sangadasa's Kancha na is, think, warranted as it seems to me at this distance, having read th 2 LR rinka, Guardian irid Mawatha, thāt ttālei with its controversial subject matter is ower shadowling Kamchana, which is also potentially controversial though perhaps in a less spectacular sense. I also had the good for Cune to Soo Sangadasa's short dccumentary, Katharak kara om deforestation a long with Kancha na in January. It is a pity that more people and especially 5 chool-children hawe" had a chance to se :: the former and häive discussions around it. It is la mon--authori La trian documentary since it has no voice-of-god commentary and therefore leaves the audience the task of working out connections between deforestation, floods and drought. Sounds and images that come to my mind are aerial shots of flood devastated areas accompanied by the sound of tres being felled and sawed.
I think It is necessary to situate Sangadasa's first feature film within the tradition in augurated by Pathiraja in Ahas gaua. In the 70's the emergence of what I think is a Sri Lanka 1 attempt to a Cou ter cinema (CCL ter to the dominant mode of film production) is clearly discernible. What makes the Sri Lankan effort cispecially exciting is that it is happening right within the main stream film industry. Godard's counter-cinema to take but one example, runs the risk of been accessible only to a few whether they be working Cla 55 cadres, Students or art house
audiences. This is partly because his post 1968 radical films were made largely in 6 m. m. and
get distributed and exhibited in alternative wernu es. Due to obvious
economic problems wa da not have ai || 6 m. m. mot Work and therefore the more committed
and intelligent Sri Lankan director has to Work within a commercial
industry where to making an in Ele fim are mal tlal rewards in als diences are gr:
When asked hi e otri rmie to Ilma li tloned the en erg the writing 5 of t Wilegoda, film Cri and Lim [Iring 5 po nu in matical ciri Were aiwg row be very happy t
work has contr making of a film new generation
D. W. Seine wis ath
Abeysekara are t that come to Ty Who wrote II thi the Sinhala news, an a Luthen till: Mati Castigating the fc the evi Is It pe interaction betw film-maker can b means of creating fil In culture Ir Si
It Is quite evid dasa's document Kanchania that II: who has thought the mediu III and specific conjunctul cinema is stuck. political in a wic word, just, as til deforestation are Thus in his wery he has been able tique of the wor film industry, wii հumpur.
The film Is ab of a formula film tory love story lowers. The fin romantic love 5 ce
Janaka:—Rupa! stand my positior diferent. Ya hay cars and as that

future of trash
he impediments -eligently enjoya1y, but the potenterms of larger 3t.
Sangada sa how e film5 h e menising influence of he late Jayawila tic for Dinamina keman for a gema. If Wille goda a Would inde ed o see that his ibuted to the culture and a
of directors. | na and Charles wo other names mind as people e early days, in papers, calling for onal cinema and 1rInula film for
:rpetrated. This ween critic and le a very useful a Wide bi5od ri Lanka.
ant from Sangaary and from e is a director and read about also about the e at which our His concerns are der sense of the le problems of political ones.. first feature film to make a crist aspects of our h assurance and
out the making
with its mandaof class-crossed 1 opens on a I1Ը:
You don't under1. For you it's e enough money,
Rupa :-Your lo'we means Thore to me than all that, Janaka You . . You..
The actress forgets her lines, and the dirgtor of the film with In the film interjects:
Victor:-Cut Cut! How many times have you made this mistake
We think as the close-up of lowers opens the film that we are going to see yet another love story, but the camera pulls back on the director's words to reveal the set of the film and thus breaks the Illusion, Sangada sa shows us how the filmic magic is created by back-projections of beautiful Scenery, etc., and Constantly works to de mystify it.
Also, the illusion of romantic love is undermined by the sexual exploitation rampant behind the cameras. The film focuses on the director, who exploits both his own wife and his leading lady. Indeed, his main purposes in making a film se em to be to make a buck and to se du ca naiwo young girls. Since he calls the shots he is able to manipulate situations to his advantage. His wife seem to e Tibody all the tra
ditional virtues, serving as the
husband's doormat with great
equinimity.
The fets hizing of the female
Image - that is defining women as that which is to be looked at - is a recurrent theme in the fill. When Kamchana ad Tnir es the director's cigarette lighter, he tells her to have a look through it. adding that she would see Dambadiva in it - as it turns out, a nude female in age inside the lighter. The young girl is speechless, and the director laughs knowingly at her sense of confusion. The grooming of the woman into a pleasurable object of sight is constantly highlighted, and the fetishizing reaches a climax when the director photographs Kamchana bil thing,
(ťoři Třice JF page II |
9


Page 22
TRANSLATIONS
by K. S. Sivakumaran
Th purpose of this brief note is to put on record for the benefit of local readers in English of the existence of a translation Program where writings in Sinhala and English are translated into Tamil. A few Tam || works hawe also been translated in La SInhala and English. While there is enthusiasm among Tamil translators to bring to the Tamil reader writings of local writers in Sinhala and English, the same cannot be said of Sinhala speaking translators, A mid satisfaction, however, is that readers in English are at least benefitted by som e notices about the local Tamil literary scene either in the press or radio,
To avoid digression, merely want to present an unorthodox b|biliography of local writings in translations, and this is by no means an exhaustiwi list.
The sources of this list are the following; My own translations from English into Tamil and my little book, Tamil Writing in Sri Lanka (1974); a radio talk in Tamil by Thambiaiyah Thevathas; an article in Tamil by Nagesu Thiarma lingam in Malikai; and a paper read by T. Kanagara Cram at a seminar in Jaffna, Thambla Iyah The wat has has so far translated three Sinhala novels. T. Kanagaratnam has not only translated Tamil short stories into Sir hala but also Sinhala stories in to Tamil. Malikai is a Jaffna monthly which publishes most of the Sinhala writing.
Sinhala works into Tamil
Selalihini Sandesaya (Pooval Widu Thoothu) by Rahula Thera translated by Nawaliyoor Scwarsha Nadarasa. Kumaratunge Munidasa's Magul Kamae (Kalya na Cha Popadu), Hathpana (Chet tup pilaitha Chin.
nasamy), Heen Saraya (Meliyar Midukku) - all three translated by Sarog ini Arun as alam. Setu
Bandanan is a collection of twelve Sinhala short stories translated by T. Kanagaratnam. The staries are by Martin Wickremasinghe, Editi
Հt)
"""f' 2 TE Sārtā Amarasekera, K. , wella Ratnaike, A Guma se na With ama, Oswin de Alwis, ratne, Laksmi
D. D. Nanayakara Martin Wickrer
peratiya (Cram Eccm translated while his Mado
the ewu) was seriali by M. Nithiyana
K. Jayati leke's has been translate Thambiaiyah. The 15 “Carl t"LI F T. Kanaga ratnam a a. Kā runā sena Hadawatha (Nar and Bamba Kat Wahutha Wali) hav by Thambiaiyah T Aluwa by T. B been rendered Sarojini Arun asalel has translated W
Karadi Kutty. wat dane" 5. Nari pi || a i) has been Tamil by Sinn lah K. Na Di Pier a Tamil - Sinhal: Apart from t
awilable in book
5ewenty fiwe a sht poems from Sinh in magazines a Anthony Fernand derm, f. Kama un leckā |, Sant han are the doing this waluat
O Tamil Work
The twin epic and Marineka I; and Man i Tekā|| translated by His Thera. Di datt: - Thirukura, Soodi, Kontrai also be er transl; Miniharny Korai responsible for t Fernando has int Tam i I for the Tamil readers,

Jayatileke, Mada... W. Sut a welera,
, Leel Gu nase kera, Jayalath Manol Bomba wella and
masinghe's Gamap Pirallwu) has y M. M. Uwise, Il Duwa (Må, dal ised in translation 1th an,
Charitha Thunak ld by two people: wat has translated oathiram kall arm d S Mukku na Chi Chi
Jayala th's Golu jil Ore Rahasyarn) tu Hathi (| raiwan re beer translated he watha's. Ambro
langaratne has
into Tamil by "m, R. MLI rLugaiya n "alas Fuchi a5 Dayananda GunaBena (Mari Map
translated into Siya ng san. is has compiled
1 Dictionary,
he above works form more this. drt 5tories and a la hawe appeared nd newspapers. o, F. M. S. Faisgarasan, M. A. rai Määrib and Tair translator 5 le Sarwice.
Sinha la
5 Silapadikaram ai (Pathi ni Deiyo Sanbul) were Elle Dharmaratne
Works in Tamil Naladiyar, Aathi
Wend han hawe ated in Sinhala. goda has been his and Anthony erviewed her in
benefit of the
5 into
Indian states Then late C. Rajagopalachari's short storics (Kula Heenayo) were translated by D. D. Nanayakara. A few short stories by S. Ganeshalingan (Aluth Satan
pata) were translated by Ramjit Perera. Some short stories by Tam || || writers haw also been
In bok from (De Thala Kęt til Kathawa) by T. Kanaga ratnam, These include short stories by Ilangayarkone, S. Welupilla, Kanaga Seri thinathar, 'Dominic Jee wa, Warathar, Neerwai Ponnan, S. Ganeshalingam, S. Agasthiyār artid W. A. R5 Tähinä Ti. || Indiam Writer M. Wara tharajan's mowel Kallo Kawiyamo ( Nar | Garawa) was E. by M. C. M. Say I ru d B. A. Wije dasa. A. foWחה poems by In diam and Sri Lankam Tamil poets have been translated by Parakrama Kodith uwakku (Indu saha Lanka.
One or two poems by Sri Lankans were translated in to Sinhala wia English and broadcast by Karunaratne Amarasinghe in the Ada Kawi Program ower the SLBC. R. Murugaiyan and Sanmugan Siwalin gam rendered their own poems intoEnglish while those by Eelavanan, Jeyabalan and Nuh man were translated by K. S. Sivakumaran into English.
A book on the history of Mun - neswara T1 has been tra rSlated by D. D. Nanayakara and T. Kanagaratnam. The later had also translated essays and short stories from Tamil and published in Lankadipa, Nuwa na and Aththa.
English writing on Tamil literature translated into Sinhala
Susil Siri war da ne has translated K. S. Siya kumaran's article on Ta rTi | no Well irito Sinha la arid published it in Mawatha. In English, Tamil writing in Sri Lanka (1974) is the only book available
at the Torment Introducing contemporary Tani writing. The author of th 15 Little baçok had been persistantly introducing the
Tamil Cultural scene to the English reading public for more than twenty fiye years. A. J. Canaga tatna ап d S. Siwa nayagam hawe translated
a fe w Tamil short stoties in to
English.
O LO Cal English Writing
translated into Tamil


Page 23
Writings by Alagu Subramaniyam, T. Rarmanathan, C. W. Welupillhĩst rangely all of the II Tamils - hawe been trări, lated Into Tarı il by Raja Sri Kanthari, Kawaloor Riis dural and P. Krishnasamy,
K. S. Siya kumaran has translated
the following from English into Tamil: C. W. Welu pillai's article con Hill|| Country writing: Some
wie ws exporte 35 ed on W. B. Yeats at å se minar held at the Tea Propaganda Board in the middle of 1965. This report was mainly covering thoso wiews of Reggie Siri Wardance; Arya Abeysinghe's a tid ranganie Abeys inha's article in the New Ceylon Writing on contemporary English writing in Sri Lanka; A. J. Gumawardanc"s article in the Community on K. Jaya til ek 2, Siri (Guri asinghe and Guria da sa Amara sekra; Gura dil sa Amara sekera's article in Sir Fhila Poetry; Mervyn de Silva - Reggie Siriwardane debate on Ezra Pound in the Ceylon Daily News; Wi Tal Di55a maike's poem emi ed Time and Knowledge; Reggie Siriwar dari E2 — D. C. R. Gula tieke debate om University English Syllabus; Wimal Dissaristike's artiale om modern Sinhala poetry; A. J. Gunawardline's broadcast talk on Western Arts in Sri Lanka after 1956.
| um det star id tf froT Lanka . appeared in Tä T1 i
Cne hopes that writings produce languages are m: all readers so th: standing prevails towards the cultu
(Broadcast ove Service of the SL
Капchaпa . . .
(' "
she being unawar Istic la čak. The under the guise at thric interest on her body, wh W3 CF135 h i T | Cooki un doubtedly with Despite the direc
to each other that is pleasing, 31 w Cids, t. hic: traditi bitchiness betwe sexual Tivals,
But I both I the film (entitlac "The Paris of Kancha na ICSC |f, play the role of and u52 di Whi
US
O R A N G |
Jos
REAL WRITIN
MANUFACTURED BY: P
(ኮ'
DISTRIBUTED BY SHAW W

at 3 miĒ article 5 Guardari ha'ye
as well.
: more and more di in the Frog ide available to it a better under
among readers ire of the others, :r the English
BC.)
corri Paga: 19)
'e of his voyeurl director cai,
of a professional wisually prey ille his own wife ng at Kanchana,
mixed feelings. tor's advances ta his wife relate "with a for drie 55
Sangada sa thus onal stereotypic Sn two fest alg
Ihe film within l, by the way, Lowe') and in *Ը 5Ը Ը այril to rl the objects seen Ch. 2 wis: Ywar Is the
mål. Thu 5 wontman is Pass i wę, Than is active. As John Berger put iin his back Ways of Seeing 'nen act and women appear'. As a broad generalization this is the position of women in the visual media. By fore grounding the specific exploitation of woman In the film industry within a wider critique of the average formula film, Sangada sa has opened out a new area of experience for us. He exposes the contempt that the average director has for his audience in a scene at the end of the film. The main male actor is dying on the Street after being hit by a car. Out of the blue a photograph of his belowed appears of the raad and he struggles Lco reach L. The actor criticises the director for hawing such an im
plausiblic scene in the film, and the dir c2ccar teplies that our audiences wouldn't ever notic
the implausibility. The actor counters by saying that by now our audiences have had quite enough of the kind of trash that they've being given for so long, and are demanding something more subs
tantial. Is he right? The boxoffice success of Kancha na will Surely determine the validity of
his statement.
SE
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ENPAS LIMITED)
ember of the K. G. Group)
WALLACE & HEDGES LTD.
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Page 24
WOMEN
TOWARDS EQUAL
As Long as Women are Not Free. The People are Not Free" "MARCHING TOWARDS EQUALITY" is a exhibition focus ing con the place of women in societyclass society, which is un equal, which is unjust, which is oppressive by nature on the weaker sections and which stifles at every step the lo Ye of a people for freedom.
In primitive society, women enjoyed a status equal to that of man. They participated fully in the socio-economic life of the time. However, with the emergence of a class society with its accompanying features of family, state, priwa Le Property and class oppression, history has witnessed the subordination of women, Besides the economic exploitation to which both men and women of the toiling sections are subjected to, there is the social, cultural and sexual oppression of women cutting across class barriers.
Hidden From History
Recalling the ancient civilisations, the Exhibition depicts the barbarism of the "White Man's Burden" —the slawe trade in Africa and Latin America. In was this wealth accumulated through piracy, plurder slawe trade and tha in humar) extraction of sila wa labour | m plantations that made the Industrial Rewolution possible.
The capitalist systern of product tion intensified the exploitation o women. Capitalis T, for women, meant not only the sale of their labour power as a commodity but also the reduction of their bodies as a commodity for sale. But History shows how this oppression was fought at every step. The rise of nation-states and the growth of capitalism brought with them the ideas of "individual freedom', 'liberty", "equality'. Working women, alongwith working Ten, in the capitalist countries launched struggles for the right to organise, to form unions, for better working conditions and the right to vote. However, only throughs intense
Α.
A mabile exhibiti F CTen', a Ti India fra 17 july' or fc| 1c w - Lup to the poster-cum-book ex recently by the university WCITIC n' committee has in's tion of WIT1: ". . Sri Lanka and Yoyoul postvor*, data citt í
sich mat: ria indu Agnih Citri, Historica | Studia:s, sciences. Jawaharlal rew Delh | | 100 follow in statestic organisation na ke: | this ma'we ment.
struggles were achiewe ewen the r
Meanwhile in t
the yoke of ir exploitation of to more brutal ar. eyer before. Ilir
countries of Asia Amer||al, WCT ësh pated in th imperialism and forefront of na struggles. In Ind British imperlal courage, herois m Many gawe UP the
Freedom for W
To Constitut Republic cquality. But dog it? A declining 5 infant-mortality a higher drop-c ehildrch in Sch education and -reveal the real
guara P11
A declining pt wørkers, JThữ quã subsi5 tės: Wä work with no children of Wor no job-security who are lucky 1

ITY
| or on the the na pation will tour yılds. This i 3 highly Successful libition organised Jawa har la | Nehru Committee. The Ed the partitipa | Iranis atlons, fra" |
welcome books, Ti this CountrY". shu |d b 2 5E: r i t t9 Co. Centre for School of Social Nehru Universit'. 57, India. The issued by the clear the aims of
—
women able to ight of suffrage.
lic colonies under mperialism, the ailing people was d wicious than | the num : TOUS A,fric3. and Lati Fl actively particifight against were in the ti crnal | ibę rå tion ia women fought ismn with gre3t and commit The E. it | i wes for it.
וזrסWH
of of the Indian eed freedom and 5 the state Eris Jr. ex-ratio, a higher
rate for females, It rate cf femalė ools, lack of full iteracy for most
status of women.
rcentage of women | and lower than 25, long hours of "cist, no care for king mothers and for thos a WC mě m io find any. Debt,
befa|| of wor The for
52
bondage and prostitution those thousands whom the State work and wages. Poverty and unemployment drive women to sell the ir badies, The Media use women to sell products and a culture that encourages traditional Images and attitudes, childmarriages, dowry, ewc-te asing and raբd,
The active and heroic participation of women during the national Ingvement är d in the pE15 art struggles of Telengana and Tebagha in the 1940's, the food Towerment in Bengal in 1959, the movements of Bihar and Gujarat. In 1874, the anti-price rise agitations of the "WO's the working class movements the Railway strike of 1974 in Particular, the resistance against semi-fascist terror, and the more
recent prote SLS aga inst dowry, ewe-teas Ing and rape -- All the 5e clearly indicate that women's
struggles are part and parcel of the general struggles of the toiling masses. And no force esırtlı car stem the tide of the TowerTent towards freedom and equality,
Women Hold Up Half the Sky
Standing in remarkable contrast to the dismal and gloomy picture of women under capitalism is the increasing real status and participation of women in Socialist Countries in all spheres of activity - economic, social and political. While centuries of social and Ideological subjugation of Wom en could not be ower-corne in a day, the accomplishments of the socialist countries are stupen dous. The experience of wormen under socialism cells us that so long as the peoplc are not liberated from Imperialism, Capitalism and Feudalism, the women cannot be free.


Page 25
MARGA PUI
MARGA Publications which consists of
for international and local organisatio lectures given at evening discussions : publications are now available with all Institute, 61, sipathana Mawatha, Colo
A few selections
NON FORMAL EDUCATION IN WELFARE AND GROWTH IN SR
THE CO-OPERATIVE SYSTEM AN IN SRI L
NEEDS OF CHILDREN AND AD( HOUSING IN SRI LANK THE INFORMAL SECTOR OF CC RELIGIOUSN ESS IN SRI LANKA
COLLECTIVE IDENTITIES, NATIO PROTEST IN MODERN SRI LAN
A STATISTICAL SURVEY OF ELE LEGISLATURE OF SRI LANKA,
VN SAIHALA
RURAL DEVEL{) PMENT CULTURAL REWOLUTION IN CH HO CHI M1i NH
TITO EXPLOITATION LAND REFORMI & ECONOMIC LI ANALOGY OF WOMEN LIBERAT ANALOGY OF WOMEN LIBERAT
For Complete list of Marga
Publication Uri
MARGA I
6 || || SPATHANA COLOM3O 5, SR, | LA,NK A, .

BLICATIONS
independent research studies undertaken ns, symposia of various seminars and and translations of outstanding foreign | leading booksellers and at the Marga mbo 5.
are giver belo 11
SRI LANKA Rs. 5.OO
LANKA RS. 5,00
D RURAL CREDT ANKA Rs... 10,00
OLESCENTS Rs. 2.50
Rs. OOO
3LOMBO CITY Rs. 22.50
H/C Rs. 60.00 SC Rs. 45.00 NALSMS AND
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Publica (fors, please I write Y o file
NSTITUTE,
MA WATHA,


Page 26
Problems of tra
M Patrick Jayasu riya (LG, May the differences between Russiam and English pronominal usage in my article of problems of translation, I have isolated "one from the complex factors that go to create am Coffect In || Ligoralurg"... He Take5 the point that the English translator
Can make Lup for the absente of a--
special deferential or formal second person pronoun bypreserwing iri his translation the formal manner of address in Russian by first name and patronymic. There lijs 5 o Te truth in this, though " not a || English to translitor 5 preserve this form (Constan fel Garfi ett | agrec, does). Evañ as good a translator as Rosemary Edmonds cxplains that she substitutes the surname, wherever possible, for the sake of clarity.
However, the nd herous shades of relationship (personal and social) that can be conveyed by the two Russian " 5 econ d "person promou m 5 cannot bë e xhaustët) by the one possibility that Mr. Jayasuriya is thinking of. of Intimacy, ar afternatiwelly of superiority, that ar expressed by the non-formal ty, or the effects created by a character switching to ty from the formal vy, or vice versa? I don't with to repeat what I have said before, but if Mr. Jayasuri ya will look at my article titled The missing second person pronoun (LG. June 15, 1979), he will find that I have examined, for instance, the subtle shades of relationship and feeling that Chkehow gets into The Lady with a Little Dog out of the L Wo Second person Prono Luns, There is no English translation of the story that conveys these effects, mort can there be. ''
I was not, however, suggesting that the English translator should use the archaic thou, My purpose
in the article on problems of in direct translation Was to draw the Sinhala (and Tamil) transla.
tor's attention to the fact Lhat in
translating through the medium of English, h C might som c times miss possibilities that he should
교
What of the Igoings !
of address
nslation
be able to real
15) suggests that in discussing r- language.” To take
that haven's Trofity in his intelligentsia in
Cherry Orchard themselves an in they say ty to the English tran Tender the l-last., Still talk contem serwaŋts" (Elizave Classifc5 editior
plays). The Sinh: available to him
direct ånd expre
Regarding Mr.
tion who ther the
change in the personal pronours times', I want to
the Revolution I put its weight b La Uniwert Salise i polite wy in allis except in relati intimacy where. Conti Les urin hit words, the Officia been to stamp out -Teciprocal ty as : to inferiors an However, the Str old tradition has
a prolonged one,
Store in their documented Stud Language síniće" produce evidence
"six II es the use i ty by some man: and other persc of authority was
in the Soviet Pre
lt | 5 also wyt that in pre-revo assymetric u Sage
betwe occurred within th said ty to the were addressed while a similar existed between wives, particular Peasant and retch u53 ges In the f: largely disappeare
- Reggie

ise in his own
a simple example : before, when
rade against the."
Acții II of The says, "They call telligentsia, but their ser warts," slator can only phrass as "they ptuously to their ta Fen: Penguin of Chekhow's ila translator has a morte literal, issile rendering.
layasuriya's ques- få has been "A RLI SS iar use of since aristocratic 5 say that after ha Sowiet state hind the effort ha use of the pcial Intercorse, 2ns of personal the use , of ty liced. In other | endeavour has i thë use of mori a form of address d subordinates. uggle against this been necessarily and Comrie and el-informed and , . The Russian the Revolution, that even In the of non-reciprocal lgers, rTnili tia mem 215 in positions being criticised SS
irth" mention ing lutionary Russia of the pronouns 2er persons also e family; parents ii r Childrer and Py them as vy, situation often husbands and ly among the ant classes. These 1 mily hawo also
-
Siriwardene
T
VASA OPTICIANS
207 - 2nd CROSS STREET,
COLOMBO - II.
PHONE - 2 63
For Appoint riverts


Page 27
šole so
CEYLONT
8, Sir Chittami palam A 7, Telrr h
 

The.
O
X660
skTlòp oper
i: ributcır N
EATRESLTD
I diner Mawatha, Celento 3. cile 124


Page 28
వ్లోద్లో క్ష్ کتب
釜三
菇弓
Upali: A company
TH - 5 y Hill, ail ceterm3 | Swi'n bol of
grorg af i 1hi ti lgt side f |tie is the Upal CFOLP's ernblem and Insglfation,
For centuries the people of
3 T1 Larka, Tarzai Hy its ywgrm th| | 13! We looked uporth thc
fier y 53 r as 3 sig 1 f g (30d rei
and adored their flags and Crests with its like res5.
! S.A., Austråli, Hong Kong, Tha th', är Tärket. It is the stari that is synony, 5LICCess of the "...tures, Col. mē3 r. 1 m sufrières , ',':f Íer g5 thE 'a Chigulates; & cor färdig 3d File:
The Jali Group's burnished Sunsh||les îlot Cirily in Sri L3 rk.3 Hul Over Ina W lands. MalaySti, Singapore, Britain, where the Ir proliti li fi: ril: IL LI Fiġi titlu T. Eid amid
rr* (") tÓ")T Ç3 TS, C(:)(Ci COCQ à la ITt3 tio| rānā gęTerit sar" distributii.
H:;ğd (! | fi (": {::: 223 B lug:Th4": r (d E1:II | Road Colombo 13 S.
 

blessed by the sun
liġi pari, lil Telġ. That's the Sunshire story of i land. Where the JJ all Gruup, whost every :(, of Coduct arid ser wice: is to lessed
p of quality tյy IՒ1t: 5ւյrl
OLS with thd
pal Groups ṁtrigsfar ard 35 wilde 3rd fu factute of htegtimery, oric equipment, Յa fif DOt: 85 || 1ց, 1. mai "lägg: ment, WEES 3 1 !
Sri Lanka P. O. Box 1 72 Telex 1198 Jpa | Color:bg