கவனிக்க: இந்த மின்னூலைத் தனிப்பட்ட வாசிப்பு, உசாத்துணைத் தேவைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தலாம். வேறு பயன்பாடுகளுக்கு ஆசிரியரின்/பதிப்புரிமையாளரின் அனுமதி பெறப்பட வேண்டும்.
இது கூகிள் எழுத்துணரியால் தானியக்கமாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட கோப்பு. இந்த மின்னூல் மெய்ப்புப் பார்க்கப்படவில்லை.
இந்தப் படைப்பின் நூலகப் பக்கத்தினை பார்வையிட பின்வரும் இணைப்புக்குச் செல்லவும்: Lanka Guardian 1980.07.15

Page 1
S. A. WICKS : Sri Lanka's
. . . . . . . . a young female emp committed suicide, because she employment. The offence she h "had eaten something during Wo regulations of this particular
THE SOCIOLOC
 
 

first Marxist - warnapala
Price Rs. 3.50
loyee of a private organisation, was summarily dissmissed from ad committed was that she rking hours, contrary, to the organisation . . . . . . . . . . . .
GY OF SUIICIDE
Priyaratna Rajapaksa
S W R D !
hat crimes
e committed . . .
(Page 3)
to Love Canal
Alex Marsha
ection remembered
Jayantha Soma sunderam

Page 2
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Page 3
What the wise men say
Proud to pick Lup pledges totalling Rs. 8,432 million (a 42%, ir circase tower |? WTF) Finance Millmister Ronnie de Wes' admirted to Reuters' Paris correspondent that some donor countries had described the government's progrd nr 1e (JS "over-ambitfous.' He added that the government was re-examining the present housing and Lur bar) development pla), r1 5.
Actually, it was the World Bank itself, in the report it submitted to the dor, or countries before the Paris riceting, which used the ter T "highly ambitious." But this was with reference to the Mahayelj.
Conceding that the Ε ανε Γη της η ί had already made "riassive cuts" in the orice much-vaunted acceJerated Mahaves program (now con fined to 3 projects, with Randeri i gala pastponed to 1984 and Morage ha kande in definitely), the |BRD rt is siоп у гоite:
''Although the program is na w much more managed ble, it remains highly at bitious and will greatly stra in ava i lable manpower, materia and financial resources."
Housing subsidies
But it is on the housing and (rban development program that the Wise Mer of the World Bank (a sever member team led by One Mr. Sarwar Lateef) cast the Tost sceptical eye. In fact the BRD Wants major cuts in the Proposed out days ori fiou sing and LI r barn development,
Credit, as a1 n y A-leve | student knows, is a wi tal factor in the growth of ary enterprise. With widt studied ded frterit the wise Ten prop GS'e that there 5 fio Luld te even strfrter T is or bank credit to public sector instiOn the other hand, what cruncular affection gushes out they recommended "further tax reductos to the private sector." *5 fer "the People", the adyıca Ofered Comes with III sensitivity of itu E-FET: "further eductions in citu me subsidies by cutting the food scheme and fixing rigid financi i Tits in the tota |
among that w ng voidal li: si tive of erosion
Price contr
While the Gayern mert (Inc likely to take Seven Pisars : of the Ministe has bee I tres ders and manu the Patron St. Pro Lectionism, i has promised teet te M Tiss Ori. Tia I Price Jr creage
rites.
The Wise M 'policy ambival afect the "co, private sector.
Such a step Lindaj ruch of til says the report
JWP posters
The poster, "yodha' as the It hold. THց is the party - t June as we re Č ČL mr.S, ya 5 d. the WP.
Ha) y frig got a Aramadi wa (" to th(! RLyra | found itself is tra de Lions w the SS took to Sanapala died. furierul" în rece was where to ce, if nots ! Jerice, had become a Tert by the time LSSP, MEP and Hyde Park ra II
So out carrie week den öLuridirı. UNP." But if LSSP (the WP's gired that this |Irle On the: To Eff The para el s. With Capitalist Çpport un īst as ir
 

il f: devoted to IbscJ-5, ii r r espec
by inflation."
ol
Minister of Loca | | Ho Lusing is hardly
Warrisy to these 's Wisdori, w fiat rt of Trade who ffrg fire ari traacturers? Playing rit of Corsurier the Trade Mrster publicly to give Јtiолд Рriče ČUпWPC must approve os for certar
er regard this as 'c] "Ice" which w II rifidence' of the
could "potentially he progress riade."
(73 Sud || WIS 1 rally it proposed
adverti sing style he WP of course. ported in these
I bad month for
bad beating at 'ha tɛ yer happened Youth?) the WP old ted when the
"erIT Into qCt for, the streets and At the "angri est art years, the WP e seen. Its reticenyf5 -- yis the UNP iba I rn full erbarassthe SLFP-TULFCPC had their
Y.
the posters las g the "capitalist fie S LFP and the top Targets) imgmeant a softer !y were mistaken. gan was "Down SLFP and i 5
- - -
Voting System
Though the next alections are due only in three years time a II those sericusly interested in politics are already discussing and debating the Proposed P. R. system. With 5% of the wote the UNP got nearly 5, 6ths majority in parliament while the SLFF got only 8 seats in spite of rearly 30%, of the wote. Of course the same thing happened to the UMP’s disadvantage in 1970.
Your readers will be
interested in these figures which were reported in an India. It journal.
Mrs. Gandhi's congress got
42. 58 per cent of the popular
wQte bu L war, awer 350 gals e, nearly 67% of the Lok Sa bha, Incidentally the Indian
poll was very low compared
to Sri Lanka's. Out of 36.7 million voters only 2007 million cast their votes.
Curs
LA MFA
GUARDAN
Wol. 3 No. & July 15, 1980 Price 3,50
Published fortraightly by Lanka Guardian
bishing Co. Ltd. First Flour. 88, N, H. M. Abdul Cider Road, Rccl: 11: Lion Road Colombo II.
EdilbT: Mer 'wyn do SiH wa Telephone: 2009, CONTENTS Let ICI; 고 ԻՎtws Baւ:kgrւյլIIld Fig News 5 RI):ld lø Løựẹ: Cailin! T III SLITrection Rei Tember çd TC) Suicide I SLFP all th: Le 13 NÍ IT: EIC Lite:T5 15 llill: -11: '', 7 Il LIII: Le li 1. Lallikal's first Mai"xis; t As I like it 24
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TeltբllԼյու: 3 59 75

Page 4
ofcourse has always been one
of the highest in the world where there are free 2nd fair elections. Britain is far behind us. The American
elections will pro We the same
point. Is It not correct to say then that the US and UK water is less politically conscious and educated than our own
Kandy. Wijayaputra
Neither UNP not Intellectual
suppose Tus regard It as a high compliment that a true-believing Marxist-Leninist -tri ik Chirītā kā 5īLd havo fallowed with a scholar's care and attention the sporadic writings of one whom he regards as a "UNP intellectual". But | rm ei het NP for intellectual. once tried to be an Intellectual but I found it too difficult. An intellectual IIke Chintaka should not, submit, distort. To point out the defects of Welfaris II as
gowcrnment Pol Ese "a critic of (It will take tt. to explain here should not car And or what
he describe The University stud not, äs Chin tak, that Trotsky
to do with' Hitler, Mot di alleges, "equatt
Stalin - except of their flagitic
| Tote that H. C. Mill 5 that the Soviet to ""tFhe de Tr whatever that I
Colombo 3.
A55ain
| appreciate t Gail Omwedt of Nicaragua series
Go on with yo
A. Eric
to measu precision
Union Platform W. Counter Scales and are manufactured t international standa guarantee of absolu Manufactured by
-
SAMUELS
37, Old Mor S
 

icy is not to social Welfare". so long for me why Chintaka e conserwatiwe.) widence does as "scourge of ents"? I did a implies, claim had "anything the de fet of d I, 35 CF || m tåkā "" Hitler i FN in the degre e
5
(Hintā kā ārd Hare ths wiew
Union belongs scratic camp", may be.
W. P. Wittachi
Crisis
he analysis of
A55 all Crisis. was useful.
ur good work.
Wirmalath35arl 3', '-inthI".
Uthumaneni
Per used all the articles that appeared in your journal about Gamim i Fon 5 eka's "Uthu - Taneni' and his own version of the trials of the mowie Tā ke 5. The criticis and Praise written about the film brought in to light, | supPoso, the difference between criticism based on political opportunism and of truc ar t. I do not wish to state who belongs to which bloc as it may wary according to each reader's outlook and walues. It would be more precise for me to quote here Oscar Wilde: 'A cynic knows the price of all and the wale of non e, an artist knows the value of all but the price of none."
AS W. Jaya siri has Pointed out, an artist cannot be a politician or a sociologist by his work of art, if it is to be true art of any sort. think this is where a talented and gifted actor like Gamin Fciskā hs fātered.
S. Dhanapala,
- a standard
re by.
eighing Machines,
Spring Balances o the highest
irdis - you Ir Ite quIality,
DBNS& COMPANYLIMETED
Cr:C: C, ColorTM bac
e l: 334 - 4.

Page 5
Storm over
e veral weeks ago the Secretary S; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent a note to the "Sunday Observer' dissociating his office from a guestion paper or "Current problems" which army officers sceking promotion from captain to major had to answer,
For the Foreign Ministry which
scrupulously avoids interventions of any kind, especially in military matters, this was an extraordinary step since the "Sunday
Observer' had in no way alluded to authorship. In fact the point of the "Sunday Observer' story was "Who dunit?". The questions had been so clumsily formulated that many of thern bordered on gibberish.
MSGUIDED MISSILES
Most of the questions looked like misguided missiles fired, probably by some Computer error, fra in An American rocket station so obsessive was the anonymous authors solicitu de foi "The US and its allies", and his concern
ower "Big Power problems".
Before some innocent reader, Lunderstandably a 55 um ing that å
question Paper on Foreign Affairs had to be the han di Ww York of the Foreign Ministry, pointed an accusing finger at our F. C , the usually imperturbable Mr. W. T. Jayasinghe, rushed into print to deny any connection with what onto young Career diplomat described as "un provoked assault on the Queen's English sa wery close to Her Majesty's Birthday"
The F. O. that week was bristling with 5 triped-pants smartne55 and snooty remarks, "The Army should have been advised to get ILS question paper or "Current problems' set by the Electricity Board......" "Yes, there's a Big Power crisis, there ......" "The Army's sneak attack om the English language was a literary Pearl Harbour....! And so forth.
At least some top brass were quite amused. In the sess room, a Blimpish Colonel, one of the
Bandarai
|ast of the tribe major blum der, whi; But the army sealed and authc пystery.
No shadow of the Peradeniya runs the only ri course in this sub could not possi guilty of either imberilities Luncat the 55.
B. C. I. S
The only other is the B. C. . . na i ke Centre ft Studies, which year Diploma Co work of some fra T1 the ECIS
During its first BCS had a fing genes is can be
Colombo summit Paratory Work, the fairly large
left over from t for || BM || H
A group of pe ally to discuss t had two things keen Interest affairs and a stric of the historic S. W. R. D. Bar making of our f:
The need for a t of the BCIS type Such an acade T.
armé, Wyould als tribute to Mr. ach i C y ėl nemt in t
The Prime Minis naike appointed examine two pro had been submit Foreign Secretar Secretary, the the Secretary of eign "linistry of dra Wm front asse Professional wor conflictee. The on 2 points: should not be

nalike
!, guffawed: "A it, captain....?"
as kept its lips orship is still a
SJ s policion fel om Jniversity which 2FLited a cademic ject. Peradeniya bly have been the academic the werbal
teach ing institute S., the BandaraI riterra Li Ca conducts a oneLurse, Was it the fugitive diplomac
few years, the reputation, its traced to the and its preHic w best to use sum of money he Chinese grant
ople met Informhe matter. They
CT - - - ii r iir1 LEI ii t io mail ) ng appreciation role of Mr. dara näike in the Jreign policy.
..eaching Institute - was recognised. ly, bearing his
o be a worthy Bandaranal ke's his sphere,
teГ. Mrs. Bari da raa Coiree to i ett reports which ted to her. The y, the Cabinet PM's Secretary, Education. Foricials and others ciated fields of k co fin Prised this e was unanimity (a) the Institute mere replica of
Centre
5 Of The Westër "School"". spective should be consistently "Third Incidentally, this point argued by Indian High sirrier Tholas Convocation Address in 8-13y L. G. Jume IS. (b) it must striwa
| Is perfirrilly and War dist'. was ably
CarrisAbrahim in his
Lo main taim the best academic standards.
The Committee, quite rightly,
was specially sensitive on the Second point, It W35 r"g2::| igg: d that thc: Centre was being established under the aegis of the
government, and the ruling party was the SLFP, But "party politics' should be sternly discouraged if the Centre's academic prestige was to be safeguarded. Ruling parties do favour kith-arid kin. catchers' and 'hangers-on' for "soft" jobs. But the BCIS should be insulated from such notorious Yice: - Fawr" iš a II d kim smern could always be accomodated in the State Karawa du Corporation T Blu || k är manufacCLuring school. In this effort, the köy appointment would be that of the Director of Studies.
BEYOND UNDERSTANDING
Now a minor stori has burst over the BCIS. It can assume the proportions of a major scandal among Sch Clars, Student* and well-wishers of the Centre and Lin the reputātior of institute which can then end up as one of those tutories which grow in Marada na like mushrooms.
On May 14th, Convocation Day, the CDN, published on its leader Page a T 2 TI ile en titled "Unde - standing World Politics'' by Dr. Piyase na Dissana yake. While the content of the undergraduatish essay was a bit out of breath in struggling to keep pace with its boastful title ("a C --, at best" said a Peradeniya don, usually generous with eager young students), the Problem 5 cf under Stamding became painfully confusing when the CDN, nearly a month later, carried this item: An article appeared on this page on May

Page 6
4th entitled “Understanding World Politics' under the byline of Dr. Piyase na Dissa na yake.
Mr. Arjuna Kanna ngara was also associated with the writing of this article. By an oversight his name was left out of the byline. The error is regretted.
Dr, D Issanayake is the Registrar of the EC5. He served In this post under the first Director of
Studies, Mr. Nawaz Dawood. Whether he is now Director of Studies or Acting Director or Assista. Director is Something which ew eri lecturers and s L. Luderi Lis are not qui te sure of. Certainly, the Council members maintain
that the BCIS has no premanent Director. In fact, the BCIS may advertise the post soon.
Dr. Dissana yake has had a wa ried Carė er. As a clerical ser yant, he was for sometime in the Cabinet Coffico. He ser ved our High Commission in India and Lord on. He was also in the Stato Trading Corporation. As a minor official in our London mission, he was enterprising enough to pursue post-graduate studies,
At a council meeting, a point -blank question about Dissanayake's area of specialisation drew the ans wer that it was in "political Science". Dis sama yake is, in fact, the author of a study on politics
- "Political Thoughts of the Buddha', a 100 page paperback published in July 1977, by the Cultural Affairs Departinent, Government of Sri Lanka. In a fore word, he thanks Professor
Ninian Smart of Lancaster Univer
sity who supervised his work. Prof. Smart's speciality is Religion rather than Political Science or
International Relations.
All this is relevant in the light of a letter sent to no les 5 a person than President J. R. Jayewardene by Mr. Arjuna Kannangara, visiting Lecturer at the BCIS.
After a Thinor discourse om "moral and ethical behavioral modes of society", Mr. Kannangara gets down to cases. A local-professor, he says, told hirin of the sad
plight of a y i. scientist whose "stolern" and PL rare of art oth |leads his ta dwye the subject of perty' and the our" of шп-nam
Mr. Kann ang: "Understanding
5 II fact an es 5. under the title Relations and th request of his na yake. It was for CDMN publica Convocation Day of the article, h fct Word" är wћеп ho was a at the Institutic ; Studies in Lond A copy of Kaп article is awailab
יוחha סוf וז טוWW I Dissanayako for 5ion to the CDC granted that i under his (Kai He concludes '' Һad acted iп а a ble way in ord have this article area of study ir по соmpetence) newspaper under
Kannangara'5 c after the curiously tion" published needlessly embar who has more to do, has be topic of conv ca Tnpušė 5.
If Каппапgaгa false Or mistake mayake's name r hi5 o Wml | te Te5 || In the interest Institute. If it then the Counc of many nationa is like Prof Prof. P. P. G
TITLU 5 5 | and Impartial in

Lng Sri Lankan findings were | B | ished un d:r the er person. This חס tח בו וחסוזן 3. חסf | "in tallectual pro"Lr ethical beh:1yled thie was,
ra claims that W|| H. Politi 5"" ay written by hin = " " Hm tornational a BCS" at the Colleague, Dissawritten expressly tion on May 14, '. A large part. e says, is "word essay he wrote Research Fellow of CoIII onwealth on in July 1978. ဗူးgara's original
ded the article to oward transmisN, he took for
t would appear tnagara's) name. that Dissanayake
totally dishonourlet so that he may (written on an 1 which he has
published in the his own name".
harge, especially i Crde d'oredoubtless by a assed CON Editor Important things
corthië 2 commisch
ergation on the
's accusation is
rh, then Dr. DESSAList be cleared in is and more 50 :5 of a reputed is well-founded il which consists lly known acadeT. Nadaraja, L. Siriwardena ly Initiate a full
quirу.
The coat and the quota
's y el that ends Well?
Local garment manufacturers have breathed a sigh of relief at the government's last-minute interwention to help them sell their piled-up stocks worth about R5 || || 1 Cro and more the UMP's Mr. Fix-it Trade Minister AN, Lh Lulath muda li came up with a compromise formula. He has used the "carry forward" allocation to create a market for these 50 odd local industrialists who were on the werge of laying-off sew eral thousand workers.
It all started when the US, in a new protectionist drive, reduced its quotas, The new
quota had to be divided between the PZ Tanufacturers (largely foreign) and the rest, local. The Minister of Employment says that the non-IP7 grou P got as much as 49.9%, and these manufacturers should be more that satisfied because they had failed to meet the Canadian and EEC quotas.
"Bgt Ween the Athulathrmuda || and the mu dlali, Peace has been restored' wisecracked a new-style IPZ businessman. But how real is this solution? Only a sticking plaster to a wound that'll keep festering observed an economist attached to a State bank. He Thade the following points:
(a) The world's wealthjest nation which presches the doctrine of "free trade" [s putting up barriers again St. Lhe "fastes C-growing Industry' of little Sri Lanka,
(b) In allocating the reduced quocas, the government Is forced to make choices which bring to the surface latent conflicts between "foreign" Interests and local business.
(c) This not only touches nationalist 5 en til Tent but the all– important political economic question of employment becausa local Industry is the bigger employer.
(Con sir Hed on Page ()

Page 7
Chile and the Chi
hen the Indonesian army
having butchered half a million fellow Indonesians grabbed power, General Suharto handed over economic decision-making to a group which carrie to be known internationally as the "Berkeley Mafia'. The "Mafia" consisted of Som 2 highly intelligent Indonesians who had beer educated at the University of Berkeley, California, and their American friends and colleagu es.
Wher the US "" dc-5 abi | Fized" thig popularly ::cted socialist gCyern Tient of Salvador AIEnde to make way for General Pinochet, the Chilean army sought inspiration from another Americar urniversity, Chicago. It is there that Milton Friedman, high priest of free market forces, holds court, After the ''Chicago boys' took over the Chilean economy in 1973,
th Lre ha5 bsen a furious debate on the consequences of thig economic policies they initiated.
while admirers hai || Chile's rapid recovery and economic miracle, his do tractors reserve nothing but contempt for the socio econotic ros. Its of "Fried Tania'. (See "Chile's Chicago School Economics by a Special Core spondent L. G. Sept 15, 1978),
Taking a 80 degree turn, the Chilean economy was made to carry a 'package of reforms' in tight money supply, huge cuts in governmen ( speriding and welfare, libaralis Ccl imports, and de-nationisation of 100 state owned enterprises, including bank5. Foreign investmerit was encouraged in various ways such as the easy rePatriation of profits and capital,
equal tre at Tent for foreign and Chille 2n coTipanies etc.
These in Cen Lives were proudly
carded at a conference attended ty 50 representativos of the Eusiness International Corporation, an organisation of the world's migh III es I MNC's.
HoW real is "the Chilear Tiracle" A5 UU2|| II here are plus es and Tinus es but how do these finally add up in the life of the Chilean people?
From Santiago, sent this report Times.
Inflation has from approximate at the tir The of [l] takeover, to 38.9 p. which previously cent of foreign accounts for just as export, 3 hawe : Industrial and agr til CTI ir 2. || C. balanced, and for: is pouring in to th ternational leadiri 5 Luch as the War declared Chile a
Country.
Qn the oth gr Per cent unemplo | 5 || Early thre til durirng Sr. A.I|endi This figure does approximately 70. in the Gowent employment pro constitice 5. I per Workforce. These the equivalent c for working fu Il t jobs. Critics of hawe noted that r formed by these is 5te it collection and g previously salaried the Santiago Mu ment, eliminated Tr budget reductions.
The 5e Same crit ced that CF || |g"5 beCome Toro di ve sing vulnerability In the world copp such raw materials the second large a cop . החlybdenuתוח which has become ITh Eortant export, two-thirds of the approximately SS investment during years, relatively into industry. Of investment registi accounts for 898 industry 7 per ce the 48 industrial

icago
Helen spooner the Financial
be en lo wered 600 percent, e 1973 military r cert. Copper. made up 80 per Cearning 5, now 17.8 per cent, om diversified. i cultura|| produca budget is ign i rivest, ment e country. Ing organisations ld Bank, have
credit-worthy
hand, th 2 || 2.5 y ment in Chilie mes What it was 2's Government. mot mitu de the 200 participating |ent’s Tni inimum gramme, үwho cent of the workers earn f S40 a month Im B. a. rtsnill :he programme na ny ||obs perworkers, such !nance, garbage ar dening, were positions under nicipal Govern1 the subsequent
i5 would conexports have !riified, decrea
ta fluctuations er market. But as ti rin be r, now t export, and per by-product, the third Thost make Lup about total. Of the 90m in foreign the past few ittle has gono the total foreign
'ations, mining per cent, and rt, Then too,
project registra
boys
tions include purchases of former state-owned companies under the Government's de-nationalisation programme, many auctioned off at "fire sale" prices,
Industrial production novertheless, grew by 8.8 per can L. Iäst year, and has been increasing steadily over the past few years.
But the future of Chilean industry under the Government's present scheme is not quite clear. A recent study by Sofofa, the Chilia n lndustria || Society, reported a decline in the growth of production and sales by as much as 50 per cent during the first three months of this year, coinpared with the sa Ine period last year. -
The Government's 10 Per cent tarrif policy, which was to make Chilean industry more efficient by exposing it to a blast of
foreign competition, has been blained. Many Chilean industrial leaders have charged that the
imports are taking an ever-increa
sing share of the local finarket, and that Chilean industry does not have the financial resources to make the investment become more competitive.
What is obvious is that an increasing murnber of Chilean
companies are finding foreign imported products invincible competitors. From January to March 30 this year, 130 Chilean businesses, ranging from factories to small neighbourhood stores, have folded. Last үеаг this number was 368 is un certain. Per capia What - this meams for the average Chileans income last year rose to approximately $1,500. In real terms, Chileans are about where they were decade ago, Some figures suggest that the rich in Chile may in some ways be getting richer, and the poor poorer, Consumption by the poor est 20 per cent fell fron 7.7 per cent in || 969 to 5.2 per cent last year. Consumption by (Crited or page )

Page 8
THE GULF
NEW US DEALS
fter C)man,
Second Indian ocean stata to sign an agreement with the to give now facilities "for support of expanded US militray activities In the Gulf region'.
Although the
according to a State Department spokesman, expect troops permanently, the ba5e 5, Will now bell
US operations. The and training missions
will also be expanded.
As part of the
Congress has been asked by the Carter administration to approve 56.6 million US dollars as ecord
Tic AS 515 til T. Ce
dollars as easy term credit to cover the sale of US arms and equipment.
Egypt
In its new plan
land-based air
Middle east and Gulf region, the US will deploy F-4 Phantom Jets to Egypt, according to Gen. La Yw
Alle 1, US Air Staff.
A squadron of Supersonic fighters will operate
West airfield. About 400 pilots,
operational
crew Tembers,
Chile. . . .
(Cofirl Thed frofri Pagé 5)
the wealthiest 20 per cent during that period from 43 per cent to 5 l per cent.
That is the wicw expressed by St. Andress Zaldivar, who served as Finance Minister Christian Democratic Gowernment of President Eduardo
Year5 ago.
"The great majority of Chileans
feel poorer and
being turned into a giant market of imported goods, with domestic productiоп || пited to baš je prohe said recently.
ducts,
available for US military
fra T1 Caita
intelligence spec personnel and leave for Egypt : Would tra in Wi forcs, Сеп. ,
ter" | Taft Will to Egypt in ord: military capabilit
DET TE
WY || thrn a i TC Taft cartricers, naval ships in cargo ships with nition, food af 2,000 US Marr arrive in Diego
The prime mi Mauritius and S while, hawe cal which has leased the US as a b:
the 5c territories.
|п пid-June Affairs Minister, Rao told the Ind that the US H
ir creased ir na' the Indian Ocean deployment
nuclear-propelled mi55ile cui5er5
India, he said, criticism to Was posit. I we results ha
The coat . . .
{r} r f fries'
(d) Just as the
may sweep away national Industrie preneurs may gr; 100% native busi
Third War I Earn LO live In the coat has to US or EEC quot na tely these me: charging. All t deep-seated flaw: now been adopt VIII, der—de weloped strat egy which phen Cornerhon of '' trialisation' at th

ialists, logistics technicians will this month. They h the Egyptian Allen said that also be deployed *r to gnhäng. LJ5 y in the Indian
are already 2. and 20 other this area sewer wca pons, - ld supplies for e5 a re dL to Garcia.
lsters of both eychelles, meanled on Britain
this Island to 5 to W.L.
Indian External Mr. Narasimha ian Upper House ad substantially wal strength in and this new cluded se yra | aircraft carriers, and sub Tarines. ad Conwey ed its hington "but no d been achieyed'.
Ггат даде ...)
flood of imports
Some struggling s, foreign entredually eliminate resses.
"dustrios hawe to I situation where be tai lored to ås, but un fortu1surements keep is exposes the in the strategy 2d by so many Colu Mits léig, 汪 has led to the dependom II. induse periphery.
TU's and pay
he Railway workshop which T:Y the 1976 general strike was back in the news last week when a lightning strike paralysed the train ser wices. The immediase cause, it was reported was the interdiction of 12 TLJ activists who had taken a prominent part in the June 5th "Protest Day''.
Actually, the Action Committee at the Rat mala na workshop had already written to the JTUAC inviting its support for a general demand of a pay rice - 300per month.
Pay demands are pouring in. About 10,000 University teachers and administrative staff hawe allready been granted a modest concession of about 15-20%, increase. The PhD's in the Arts Facult|ë5 had the statisfaction als o. of gett. Ing the 500/— professional allowance given to their colleagues in the Science, Medicino, and Engineering faculties.
WHL Wi|| E 1.x T. dator With reports of a pay rise for the police, a call for "upward adjustment" may be sounded in the services too,
The Mihin tale MP (UNP) told Parlament that a family of three needed Rs. 1050/- to survive. He appealed for an all-round pay increase to workers of 250per month.
Meanwhile a SATYODAYA, the Centre for Social Research, continues to Ionitor consumer prices and living costs month bу попth. According to its latest bulle tin there has been a 75% riso in the costs of barest subsistance between May 1979 and May 1980. A family of five, says SATYODAYA needs R5. || 023/— to ke ep above the starvation line,

Page 9
THE ROAD
by Alex Marshall
ΤΟ
MfarI ha7ids ô77I 7Fiisery !'a r*jar!
If deepers like the coas ta' ssies,
Get out
Ayrd dor” have dari yo
his piece of un rT i tigated Til sery
from Philip Larkin, whose pess||misi stands out even || England, a dark spot a Tid the encircling gloom, was not, we hope, meant to be taken quite seriously. But in the West, as suicides go up and births go down, it may yet be chiselled as an epitaph on the headstone of a whole generation. The ch Carful Consumeri5 m of the "never had it so good" society has given Way to a gnawing feeling that the good times will have to be paid for; and probably soon.
Take Love Canal, Im Upper New York stato in the USA, a paradigm of what is wrong with the West. About seventy years ago, in the first flush of unt rammelled
industrialization, the canal was dug as part of a system which it was hoped would take goods
down to the more densely populated markets further su Fı. But the canal was newer finished, and eventually was used as a dumping ground by a nearby chemicals firm. Finally it was covered over and
generously donated by the firm
to the local school board which
built a school and playgrounds
of it
Sarne years later, residents on a nearby housing estate began to notice strange smells in their b2. Sement 5, thern fumes, and oozing of disgusting 5 Lubstances through the soil of their back yards. The ghost of get-rich quick W35 coming back to claim [[= linh= Titance.
Now, with the school longsince closed and many nearby homes evacuated, a study has shown up a high incidence of Sericus Eith defects-ir local children. The incidence of certain
as lickly as you
kids yw Z i'r sef
types of disease chemica poisoni her in the area average. Peopl less healthy ar Slowly and reluc ties ha wg begint f they hawe a m on their hands.
According to there are Lowe the United St. of Wealth has pli ground or whic and very air the writers hawe | mur derous natur die E, full of carbohydrates, a ten Ing character| -car, practically the Arlerican
ment, it seems,
Add to all CCCCT) i Ti5 i 5
indicate a struct a temporary m: system, not only States but thro World arid one
for taking Larkir do not Play mu a. 'W'ğ}T| . Aß, g t F of UNICEF, him h21s pointed oL danger of becon -privileged clas it5 Elf is in das every two mar in New York C end in divorce
to be
At this point calls a halt. E growing countri Asia hawe reach the inco The lewe nor will they The sufferings o shed industrialis
Is this

OVE CANAL
many related to ng, is much hig
than the national e are generally d die younger, tantly the authoriorced to recognise an-made di saster
a recent book
Canals all war tes. The pursuit oisoned tho wery 1 the people live, # brenthe. C]th C r pointed out the e of the American
cholesterol and nd the life-shorstics of the motor an extension of
psyche. Develop
kills.
this a deë pening
which seems to :ura rather than lfunction of the y in the United Jghout the Western could be forgiven literally; children Ich part In such le The Yy Director" self an American, It they are in ning a new un der
S. The family nger; one Cut of riages contracted
ity this year will before 1986.
Asia's future also
:he reader sensibly wcem the fascis Ces of South-east led nothing like ls of the West for a long time. f the old-establied Countre 5 a 5
they struggle to adjust to a world where their for Tier colonies år 2 becoming their competitors, Cannot be compared to the struggles of the Asian countries to haull their populations out of the subsistence
economy and break the vicious cycle of rural poverty.
Yet, the question must be asked. Several Asian countriesamong them Korea, Talwan,
Singapore, Hong Kong - are on the
verge of atta ining the magic 'self-sustaining growth", at least in economic terms, and several
others - Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, for example - are not so far behind. So far they hawe gone for growth without too much regard for the consequences. But in some of these countries at |east, the consequences, social, political, en vironmental have come home and are already roosting in the rafters. It would scern to be a time for choices to ba
made - if in deed they hawe mot already been made. How far is Asia down the road to Lowe Canal?
Whatower asse 55 ment are mina de - of the costs and benefits of protecting the environment, for example, or the desirability of rural development as against urban growth - for governments to put choices into effect is hard, and har der still under pressure. The pressures are corning not only from the pace of economic growth, which creates demands as fast as it satisfies them, but from population growth, which, though slowing throughout Asia, is 5 till In most countries over two per cent a year, and requires from the economy enormous
contributions of development capital. As the UNFPA's Executive Director, Rifā Sāls,
recently pointed out, nearly 60 per cent of the increase in total
world population between now
and 2000 AD will be in Asia."
Bdt the choice is also a perSomal ma tter, and it is a fact in population at least, that govern
7
கொழும்பு தமிழ்ச் சங்கம்

Page 10
Voluntary Steril For AI
Iпселѓїve
Goverплт
I. A Mir
to bot
emplo) (This Pay
2. 3 days 7 days
(This in ; erTnploye4
Contact
your nea
Hospital
FOR HEALTH AND
PLAN A SNMALL FA|
(issued by I.

Zation
S by
himum of Rs. 100 will be paid h males and females - whether ved or unemployed
ment is made to meet incidental expenses)
full-pay leave for male employees
full pay-leave for female employees
addition to the full pay leave for which the 2 is entitled)
rest Government
or the AGA
PROSPERITY
MILY NOW
he Ministry of Plan Implementation)

Page 11
ment policies hawe had only a marginal effect on the choices being made. Officially-supported drives to increase the rate of population growth, for instance, in France and some of the east European countries, failed to buck the downward trend, and birth rates have fallen in other iridu - striali5Ed Counti e 5 with OLE 3.55istance of government policy. In the contrie 5 of the So Luth, birth rates have usually started to fall before the government stepped in-Sri Lanka is a case in point - and falling rates can be traced to causes independent of official InflLercas.
The dei: Isem irn fawo Lur of smallor families or no family at al II seems to come out cof a combiation of Cor 15 utneriss and pessimism. In eastern Europe we are left with pessimism. Here in Asia perhaps the decisions are made in a more positive way. The family - even the extended family - is still wery strong and the joy of children is shared among many more than the parents. At times the Involvеппепt
the West in
EXPORTS IN AN
ARISTONS TOURS No. 5. Gower Street, COLOMBO 5,
CJLJes: "TUR NTIDE"
can be toa str the parents are as they sometime
Cor5ra irts a ri to be e Corno II || C. it is clear that been a prime birth rates, and often postpone couple cannot : Land shortage 1 has been frequ to this Writer a demand for family ln Sri Lanka, the climate of 9W mini-baby boom the clouds of ur low wages fina the baby bandw start to rol.
However, apar tra Its there very positive si towards
5 Taller Lanka. Parent:5 for their chile couples are clea that the bost am Ong fawer. played its part
FOR WELL OWER A
ARISTONS 1
GLOBAL REPUTATION IN THE FIELD
ARISTONS HAVE OPENED OUT N
EN DEAWO UR TO CO
E)
AR STO
5, Gow
Colo
Phone: B 8436,

Ճng-but at least a newer isoleted 5 are in the West.
e far Thore likely
. Ir Sri Lanka late marriage has cause of lower
that marriage is d because the support a family. the rural areas ently mentioned 5 a real cause of planning services. clearing economic 7-78 brought a and perhaps if 1еппploуппепt and Ily rolled away, agon would really
it from the conshas also been a
de to the trend families in Sri want the best |ren, and T1c5 t
r in tlieir Tirds
will go further Education has in this, and so
have the social services, in most Cases keeping Lup a Iminimum level of nutrition and well-being just above that critica | chra, hold below which choice is an irrelevancy because things could hardly be worse.
For all of Asia, outside China and Indo-China, the main choice has already been made, to become part of the western economic setLI p. But, for Asia, this da 25 mot have to be the road to Love Carnal. Many of the tradicional patterns of Asian life su rwiwe with all their life-enhancing qualities,
a Tong them respect for the farmily and for the individual's place within it. Change will happen, 5 it is already i happen ing in favour of the smaller family. But changes of this sort do mot necessarily lead to Larkin-liko Elcom. Fewer children means
easier subsistence at one end of the Scala, ar easing of pressure or bulging cities and dwindling resources at the other and room at both ends for choice.
state of the world's Population Report: NFPA I 48),
AWALIF A CAFWTTWAW
-AWE BUILT
) OF EXPORTS AS WELL AS MPORTS
EW WISTAS IN NON-TRADITIONAL
FOR
INTRIBUTING
(FIFICE
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er Street,
.5 סbוזו
8 2. I O2,
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AO, Front Street, COLOMBO II.
Telex : 2 | 307 RUWAN) СЕ

Page 12
An
by Jayantha Somasunderam
Ο the 9th of July 1970 - ten years ago – Rohana Wieweera was discharged by the Nuwara El ya Magistrate's Court and the Janatha Wimukthi Peramuna" s public activity began. On the 14th Wijeweera addressed the Widyodaya
University Socialist Society. Beginning August 21st, with a public me et in E at A fi tā dhā puta,
the JWP held meetings throughout the country. The last tre et irrig before the Ins, ir rect form, was held con 27th February 1971, at Hyde F Tk.
Tha JWP and it 5 || Caders carne from backgrounds and experiences that distinguished them from the
leaders of the mainstream left pārties. Although Wije weera belonged to a farTily that had wLrke d for Lhe soloscow _F in
th : Six Luth, he was criw erted to Maoism and became active in the Peking CP, . The leadership of the JWP did not come from the big schools in Colombo, few of them had been to the Western - oriented Uniwer5lty at Para deniya and nome to Western Universities. The JWP drew its strength from Magists, students of Small town schools ind the Friwena l_]ni Wer 5i tie5, The !WP C3 grge5 weret overwhelmingly Buddhist and drawn from the Karawe, Drawe, Batgam, Wahumpura and other depressed
55.
The JWP took tapt | arcas that had been worked on by the Marxist Parties for three decades, Wije weera and Mahinda Wijese
kera came from the Matara District. El piti ya in the South West had its Wahumpura caste
give the JWP 5 trong support. In
Kegalle a JVP stronghold, the
Bagam caste was won over by
HE WF -
The rank and file of the JYP
consisted of left-orierted militant rural youth. Most were from upp Er SC Condary schools, um der privilegCd, a potential army of frustrated school leaves with meagra job opportunities. Pidicallised by Chr:: dettä des of liberta |
O
insurrection
and Marxist pc strong socialist
TACTCS
TF JWP gy Marxist idcolog:
hybrid. dri di titi 5 m of S "popular front". asserted the peasantry as the revolution. And Guewa ra | t learine t:1.
JWP training
emphasised reoked parliamentari the Loft Parties tude to the IT was in difference, before the ims LI the i attack om
ism", Wije weera
Ds'|K |eader ||afir cf the Kernkel
In its econor JWP differed it or CP. Not on out the neo-Col. of Sri Lanka's identified the part of this nec They Caled for expansion of the the intent Ը էul Crops and the
and to overco Ut milla Phadnis JWP ir it ilif in perialist, antia lucratic, arti-capi expansiori arid li anti-imperialistpolice.'
II was liri tatt differed i radically partics including had been cric Џпi г. п5, strikes, to 5. In tim A ti, t.i., Nowher operly as an while at the sat to a clan de 5 ti When the Polics Clan desting огga would Pass , I rrlie w

remembered
litics, they had impulse5.
Cylwed it5 : WW I which was a 2iw on Trotsky's :alimism and Lha FrCT F-130 jL Primacy of the ! Bk bolic of the
from Castro and d armed insurrec
for their cadre 5 colonialism, attacär is rm and rejected
The WP's atti
Ihorities at best although shortly rr:: Lion, despitë
'Indian expansion
teamed Lp with -helian in support |a Estate strikg.
mi: teach ing the |co frCIT Lho L53P y did they point onial dependence economy, Eut. United Front as i-colonial system. a halt to the i te a plantitions, tiwz tion of food collectivisation of rme landlessness.
says that the tology was "antielitis I. anti-Bre
talist, anti-Indian 15 t b Lut not least raired army and
i 5 that II. JWIF from the other the Left. These Birmed with trade rällies and electhe WP evolved they functioned agicational group me time recruiting 10 organisatian. : threatened the nisation the JWP idespread armed
in Surrection, the most advanced and complex form of revolutionary combat. This tactic was adopted or the assumption that the Police and Armed Forces has insufficient am Tunior to Survive a simultaneous uprising throughout the country.
The JWP was stampeded into i[IS LI prising... It had n got made if roads into the north or the Plant å tio 15. But Police repressiori forced their hand and with Wigweera in jail the JWP, on April 5th launched simultaneous attacks On 93 police Stations, most of then in the Southeast quadrant. As police stations fell, the government a bandoned other 5, regrouping || L5 me agre force s-a nxious to protect the cities. At the height
of the insurgency 100 police stations ceased to function. A 24 hour curfew was declared and claims mai de that up to 100,000 in Surgents were locked in a battle that they could not indefinitely sustain. UN CONTESTED)
The Government's tactic of
cutting their las ses and regrouping paid. The JWP had only the equipment captured fron police Station 5. They did ma t go om ta take military bases and their equipment. The Indian Navy Cordoned of Sri Lanka to ensure that no equipment reached the J WP. While the JWP held parts of Kegalle, Elpi tiya, Den iyaya and Kataragarma un conte sted, the
ArTy reper, ished Is me agre
Stocks of arms and ammunition.
With in four days of the WP
attack, an Air Ceylon Trident
took off from Singapore, carrying a consignment of sina || arms from the British base there. The next day Brita in agree d to Supply six Bell Jet Ranger helicopters bought frc f the USA. The USA, wyas als 3 to Supply arms direct. So did India and Pakistan. When 6 lAF helicopters arriwed in Colombo on the 14th they were guarded by Indian Army troops. Three K Čer Firera for Fuge" ? (3)

Page 13
Suicide, a Social
by Piyaratna Rajapaksha
ME: Jayantha Soma Sundaram, in an article, entited, Sl J|- CICE NCITES: THE LAST FAREWELL", (LG 1st, June) has drawn attent.lon tri the impørtant qLI ẽStion of suicide, which appears to be increas ing in alarming proportions. This, thcroforo do serves the atar tion of all who d 25 i te a healthy reconstruction of our society.
Drawing evidence from a wealth of material published abroad, Mr. Somasundaram has tried to trace the mot|Yes which make people commit suicide. In this article, my aim is to present very briefly, another aspect of the same problem,
I. e. how the 5ocial erwironment
can contribute to the Incidente
of suicide.
To take a concrete example,
some til The ago, local newspapers reported that a young female employee of a private organisation, committed suicide, because she was summerily dismissed from employment, The offence she had committed Was that she had eater something during working hours, contrary, to the regulations of this particular Organisation."
Now, 15 m"t this in humarł Bocau50 of the vagaries of public transport, electricity etc. many an employed may find it difficult to hawe a proper breakfast before they Leave home for Work. In the morning. Wouldn't a mild reproof hawe been sufficient in the above case CT betet still, Cotu | dm". Lihat firm have provided decent facilitics, so that an employee Could hawe a snack in privacy, when necessary?
This is not an isolated exa Tiple, Under the conditions prevailing today, many persons find it difficult to obtain employment, and EWE To Te difficult to keep - ployment after they get it. This has encouraged all types of thirddegree methods, since it is not difficult to find another recruit after sacking an employee. To make things worse, some persons
of the lower rid whom such emplo too often 5 toto 5 reaking etc. So
friem id cor a r. cha colleague, Whi engineered. In ar. prewenting empl
those in prival form sudden and is an iTperativ
епmployment in t the evil can a for 1. that is in W tcı diş tarıt stati: Interdictions. A clear bearing on suicide.
In the oldar : not un amployme sense of th a W problem which c This is fil | cally in aging employed profes: ducer committed of debts, and t ground to belie', actor may hawe were respected families, but four sing burden of Inuch for them. in the arts and self-employed, h in CoTe, and of is ower and the
powers are wan Ife becoming Int Clearly the stal According to G papers, the pre has started a fun. It is to be hop will meet than cases in a tang that 5 Luch provis to help persons of employment,
As numerous апоther type c elderly persons increasing. This is suffering from Prolonged diseas release can be foi Un fortunately, w S:lla toria In thi

problem
Idle class, from yees are recruited, to backbiting, that they can get la tiwa, to replace ose dismissal they ly case, legislation oya es, especial y Ie organisations,
Limfalı İr di Smi || 5 çal,
e need. As for he state Sector, spear in another
in dictive transfers Ins, or in unjust , these have a
the Incidence of
Ige groups, it. I s rt is the strict ord, but an allied :an lead to suicide.
instability, espemembers of self
Gion S. A film prosuicide because 1ere is reasonable
e that an elderly done so. Both Tharried mi en With ld that the increadebts was too People engaged crafts are often ave no regular ice their heyday ir popularity and ing they may find oferable for the T1. ce can help thern. '' : 'Noy G -- se It Governmen. d for this purpose. ed that the fund 22ds of a such i ble Thanner, and in can be mild
in other forms
Õ
}ress items testify of suicide among
and invalids is is where a person
an incurable and e, and feels that Jnd Only In suicide. we don't have any i country, and the
establishment of at least one sanatorium for those suffering from lingering diseases, is an imperative necessity. The cheerful and healthy âtrTöph = r s prevailing In such an institution, cari even Cura patients. Our hospitals, basicles b 2 ing owerCrowded, do mot hawe such a torn - genial atmosphere.
Another typic of suicide prevai. ling in many countries is best described through a concrete example. The following true story appeared in a magazine published In an asiluent Country. Simca his Is the only example from another country, quoted in this article | shall mot disclose the nam of the country, for I think it will be prejudicial to the country concerned. The story nevertheless is true and it | 5, 25 follows:
A young girl, a teen-ager, was being educated in a high school for girls, some miles away from her home. She had to attend a concert in this School one evening, and since it was late when the concert was over, she stayed at the hostel of that school, for the right, with several friends of hers, all of them girls attending the same school. Of course, they obtained the per T1 ission of their respective parents, as well as the school authorities. Next morning,
the father of one of the girls, took them home, along with his own daughter, in his car. He
dropped each girl at har own house. Un fortunately, when the girl in question, was getting down from the car near her home, she was se en by a middle-aged Woman who lived nearby, a notorious gossip. The later spread the story that the girl was seen getting down from a car driven by a man, in the errly hours of the morning, and that the girl was drunk. (She was tired after spending a cornparativly sleepless night.) When the story reached her cars, the girl, a sensitive type, committed suicide.
Incidenta i lly, the ab owe article was not about suicide, but about the evils of gossip. And gossip appears to be increasing in our

Page 14
country, displacing hobbies like garden Ing. SII2m P-Collecting etc. | hawe read quite a number of news reports in the local press, where a coroner, after giving a verdict of suicide in a sudden death, has made some such statemem t as, "I am " Conwince d that this valuable young life could have been saved, if the neighbours had held their tongues, and not given in to malici Quis gossip."
Since this article is about suicide, it is not possible here to touch on the other evil results of gossip, such as disruption of human telationships, including T1 arriagė, serious quarrels, and violence, not excluding homicide. That gossip leads to suicide, is clear,
Suicide is only an extreme and tragic result, and there is evidence that intolerant and Inquisitive way 5 prevailing in our country may have contributed, at least Partly to the exodus of some of our best young people, to other countries. Some time ago, I read a magazinė published by a leading school in Colombo, and it carried articles by a number of students of the school-leaving age in that school. They expressed their unha Ft Piness that young persons are mis understood and subjected to wanton criticism in this country, for almost anything they do, even if they have the best of motives. So they expressed the hope, that before long, they could leave for a more civilised country, where they could | iwe in Peace.
Com ing back to the question of suicide, the generation gap may
also contribute to it. Tao often, people of different age groups ad e y en different familie 5 ha'we
to live together, because of finanela difficulties. Unfortunately, older people, who have grown in a primitwe feudalist set up, with ideas of a patriachal or matriachal
|교
society, Ilay try Curtistances EO im forcibly, in a ra manner. Result i clally by the you a girl is forced into marriage wit
abhors, and in she and het lové liked by her par
away or failing t suicide together. commit suicide sep: some rTäre dem C of ironing out between age grou devised. Ew0 m wł поt a bопc of соп nicus argument:5 bɛ and the old may to suicide.
Unfortunately, cases, it is the ". led the young ti have the come sid giving evidence "I advised him (a 5 he) commilled story too often to That humiliating l; been used or ewer Tent given to a almost an adult, be fair by the ärnrit Tue cout young people als sible due to pseudo culture, di: healthy comics, other pernicious
Psychologists sa) rect to a diffic: one of two way: pihc fal CC it or it. And suicide which the more verted type runs : problems. The type may find re quarrels, and eve
A healthy and t froT the stresses be desirable for in our society ye to do so. Only a can afford to sp. a healthful fesort. centres, where p a plea Sant and are not too ple those Can Contribu of suicide, as well

under such cirpose their ideas ther dictatorial 5 suicide, espeIng. Tað often, by her elders h a person she 5 ch || mstances r", who is di 5пmay 5םחרי 1 at may CoTi Tilt Or each may a rately. Clearly, cr:tic methods the differences ps, have to be here marriage is li tertr , :l: "ir10 - :tween the young lead the former
n many of these 'ery people, who suicide, who ed a dwan Lage of at the in quest. ir hor) and he (or suicide', is the ld by the elders. 1nguage may have physical punishperson who was is concealed. To older folk, on the possibility of 2 being irresponour debilitat ing i seminated by unpoor films and influences,
that living beings ult situation, in i. That is, they run away from is one way in sensitiWE in Cway from serious more aggressive lease in alcohol, in violence.
emporary escape of daily life can most people, but ry few can afford wealthy Tinority and a vacation at Even community lleople Carn Sperlid relaxing even ing, mtiifu | hr:. A || te to the increasa
a& other ewis.
(/)ackaging.
is (1L:
force J Jion
MULTI-PACKS
(CEYLON)
LIMITED
RAMALANA

Page 15
The SLFP and th
WE s trength ning the JTUAC which had come under the
JWP's polemical fire, the Protest Day and its immediate aftermath left the JWP thoroughly isolated from the organised working class, especially, but not exclusively, in the urban centres.
Bourgeois beneficiaries
But this is only one side of the story, and the success of June 5th/9th may well contain within itself the 5e éds of failure, Indeed, these may already be said to be discernible. The country's modern political history is replete with examples of the political benefit of mass struggles led by the Left accru ing to the two main bourgeois political formations, i. e. the UN P and its substitute, the SLFP. The mass movement of August |953 was capitalized upon by that most artful political demagogue S. W. R. D. Bardararaike. The 9W Insurrection, the Manam per i and Weeras oariya ki|lings, the Railway strike of December 1975, ironically helped to propel the UNP into the seat of power. Similarly, June 9th could well be grist to the mill of a bes elged SLFP leadership, Th 2 cle 'wer" | trLugion of the SLFP leaders into trade unlonist Somapala's mammoth funeral procession, the in termingling of red-and-blue on this occasion and previously at the SLFP-LSSP-MEP May Day rally, all offer pointers to precisely such an oil inous turn of events of which June 24th Was the clear est rei well. Il con to date.
LSSP TOW E5
Just as the popularity of the ULF and the de lands was utilized by the LSSP in its entry into a coalition with the SLFP in 1954, the LSSP is attempting cnce again to chan nel the antiUNP 1355 E enti Tort in the di rection of a United front with the SLFP. Other sections of the Left, (such as the NSSP and CPSL) by failing to demarcate themselves sharply and clearly from the SLFP in the course oË- the June 5th/5th actions and carry out a
resolute "two frt into che hand5
June 5th and Fth Iw the zenith porto est sine 1977 the t Lrn ing po ir: of the ruling UN lish cod our own developments in of this Journal, contained the view CCIT1 mentator wer | un in politics, hir In this issue w opinion by a re. Yhti pr:sen ts a la the 5 LFP and th
“Mara yuddha” Some Leftists need to draw 1 tra-parliamentar again St the UN| for this if the : a united front. at Winning over base. But then ti corn Between || is mot irrele Yan Since the populi the UNP deplo designed precis an Li-2 stå blish Ter Wh ich ra||igd rto Cust the C. and oppressive this sense 1977 "Mārl Ludh" fetish concernini of the SLFP is reading of the is a quos Lion c Struggle, then se Support base as Will| ha we to be tually. But wol Our Leftists to ad, nt or Lunited acti
Front from ab. In any event of a united W. i. e. a United f class parties, necessary prer broad anti-fasci list alliance, this mi gans Flä Front comprisin; tical organisatiol very first step, a

e Left
nt' struggle, play if the SLFP.
Wen more so June of anti government , Wil I i al, o rT13 rk in the fortunes '? While we pubnays is of current ilig June 15th issue hic July || L. number | of an independent fa Tiiliar with trade: ... H. A. Se rmew irti 1e. a publish another gular corrc:5pandent ng term w iew on e Lcft.
in reverse
prattle about the he SLFP into exy mass struggles P. There is a case rgument concerns from below, aimed the SLFP's mass again, the distinc:adership and base to the UNP too, st rhetoric which yed in 1977 was ely to cater to it youth sections ound that party rrupt, nepotistic SLFP regime. (In proved to be a in reverse!) This g the mass base hased on an archaic two parties. If it If an "anti-fascist" tions of the UNP's well as the SLFP's WLIl y E“ EWE Tu ld this lead any of "ocato a United Frooms with the UNP?
We
, the formation orking class front ront of working is the vitally equisite for any ist, anti-imperia│n our Context. a United Left. all Marxist poliis should be the interior to seeking
() Another
view
by Chintaka
any rapproach ment with any nonMarxist regiments. But what is taking place today is the coming into being of a "United front from a bowe",
one which ernbraces the SLFP leadership. Whether this is a programmatic front, an electoral front or a serics of united action 5 is not the central issue. It is worthwhile
paus ing to consider what would happen If the SLFP rode to power on the crest of an extra-parlia
men tary wawe of agitation, since after all there is no guarantee Lihat the di wided Left wi|| win
and retan hegemony throughout such a process. Such an extraparliametary takeover would pro. bably mean the abolition of the residual vestige of bourgeois democracy and the un leash ing of fascistic violence by SLFP goon squads. The first victims would be the JWP and the Tamil people (both in the North and the plantations). Since no left entity is an island, such a process is bound to engulf the working class move. ment. After all in 1971, it is not only the JWP, but also the vociforously anti-JVP leftists who were subject to repression (e. g. the Maoists).
In other words, an extra-parliamentary struggle involving the SLFP leadership will probably catapult precisely this leadership into power and accelerate the process of fascistization which has gradually been taking place from
the 1970's onwards; that is under both the SLFP regime and the present UNP regime. Far from
embracing in its ranks the SLFP leadership, any real struggle by the Left should not merely bypass but also be directed against this bourgeois formation. The struggle should surely be against the dependent big bourgeois ruling class, fractions of which wield hegemony within and through both the UNP and the SLFP. It is absurd to struggle against the UNP solely, rather than the UNP and SLFP co-equally, simply because the spin of the electoral roulette wheel has placed the UNP rather than the SLFP, (the other bourgeois politi
3.

Page 16
cal formation) in power, Reducing, or more Correctly, diverting the anti-imperialist, anti-Capitalist struggle into an exclusively anti-UNP struggle aids the class that stands behind the UNP, since it leaves intact its alternative candidate, the SLFP. The fundamental question of the bourgeoisie's class rule remains unsolved and Indeed unposed.
All the super-subtle distinctions concerning the SLFP's "Rightwing', "Leftwing' and 'Centre'; between Its "leadership" and its "base', do not enter the picture when the discussian concerns the UNP. And why not? Surely what is sauce for the gander is sauce for the goose as well! Why the special preference for the SLFP2 is it just that middle-aged, riddle-class, male leaders of the Left Tho wemant hawe a deep Seated psychological need to be under the protection cf a strong matriarchal figure?
The assortion that the SLFP represents the 'national bourgeosic” as opposed to the UNP which represents the compradore, and the statement that the SLFP is "progressive" or "democratic' (as opposed to the UNP which is fascistic), hawe yet to be demontrated by analysis on the terrain of political economy, sociology and political science. All these characterizations contained some truth In the past (1950's and mid 1960's), but in the last one and a half decades, the national bourgeoisie has undergone a process of Compradore fication and has emerged as a ngo-comprador (dependent) monopolly bourgeoisie, which, in the Context of 5e Weste economic crisis, is a bridging bourgeois democracy and tending towards neofascism (dependent fascism). The process began under SLFP rule in the 1970's, is being continued under the UNP and could be taken to completion by either party or an alliance of sections of both.
The struggle against neo-colonialism and neo-fascist tendencies, that is to say, the struggle for national Independence and de mocracy, must take the form of a struggle againt this dependent bourgeois class. The Left and
4
working class for high the banners pendence, Democr: - banners under W. UMP mot SLFP ca permitted to r imperialist, ant||-|| must be carried the UMP and SLI carried out in th sti || 55 in con Ur against the other. who wawe the T2 Red Book) only ti blue Sari-pota, wi rently,
What then of hawe been ACCUS ed or collaborating but almost all thei from positions to JWP in a context is a sigпificaпt p the left of that is now a curious at revisionist parli: ultra-left sectaria of abstract (neonationalism and : Yet, few Left moral right or criticize the JN With the UNP selves are collu, blatantly with
The (Maoist) J. sections of the of Trotskyist gr enՃugh, the only (PSL could ha'ye JVP's IsolltiQn im had it stuck first proclaimed anti-c: instead of this in knots by cal actior cof all är parties (including 5th and writing of the SLFP, to substitute, the l tCr" LiCS TESL being impaled o politico-theoretic elicited giggles which is consist opportunism. TE and potential of line" is as yet there are signi under Pross Lyra bureau cracy, sec hierarchy hawa retreat slowly a fro the Positi

tes hawe to raise of National linde - cy and Socialism rhich neither the in or should be Լlse. ThԸ an tifascist struggle out against both FP. || C. cam mot b не сопрапу сf, id:tion with one,
Of course those d banner (or the cling to the Il disagree wehe -
the JWP They of tailing behind W|t, the UMP. r accusers speak right of the in which there olitical space to party. The JWP imixture of rightlmentarism and hism, just as it is Trotskyst) inter|- iocial cha uwim Ism. artie 5 have the credibility to "P for Collusion since they themding even more the SLFP.
inatha Sangamaya, PSL lid El Clutch oups are, sadly excepti cors. The capitalized on the the June actions, ly to its recently apitalist line. But it tied itself up ling for unity in i ti-UNP political the SLFP) on June to the leadership help combat its U NP The CPSL"s ilting fron its in the horns of a :al dilemma, has frol the LSSP, erit at least in its hus the promise ta PS's "tarum fulfied. In fact ficant signs that from the T. U. is of the CPSL already begun to nd surrepititlously ins of the Central
Committeo Politburo special, session's self-criticism (as reproduced in the party's Internal bullet in at the time), as well as from the positions of the XIth Congress Political Report.
Though it is fraught with Irony, we may say that the JWP has played no small part in the SLFP's ongoing revival. By broaking up the 5 party Left bloc and perpetuating the disUnity of the left move Tent, the JWP has only enhanced the credibility of the SLFP as the main alternative to the U NP. Confronted with a fragmented and bickering left, the stature of the SLFP is automatically enhanced in the minds of the masses. Though it now acknowledges that, in the context of the presa n t economic
crisis, the capitalist class can no longer rule with in the confines of bourgeois democracy the JWP also claims that there does not exist in Sri Lanka today, the objective recessity for a united front of the Left This Carl tradiotion is glaringly obvious in the resolutions passed at its first
Congress. But there is none so blind a 5 he who will mot see, The
ferocious sectarianism of the JWP plays directly into the hands of the right opportunists of the LSSP, who preferan alliance with the SLFP (i.e. renewed service in the employ of its imperious old ministress) to the company of as sorted bearded young "aliens'. The JWP and LSSP are thus two Perfectly to Ti plemen - tary sides of the same coin, splitting the Left and thereby strengthen ing the SLFP — the former helps the SLFP un consciously and objectively: the la ter" cons
ciously and subjectively.
Perhaps there are rational elements in the JWP leadership who perceive this, but the JWP di lemma is not an easy one to resolve either. Their sectarian war cries appeal to the psychology of the party's petty bourgeois youth base. However, employment Imperatives may drive these self-same youth into the SLFP camp as 1983 approaches, while the rest may desert in droves if Wijeweera fails to fulfil his promise and pro went a SLFP victory in '83-'84. To block the SLFP, the JWP cannot fight alone. It needs to stand at the
(Califiers or frage 18)

Page 17
MORE ENCOUNTE
by Nihal Perera
he laid ords old and new arrived. The M. P. now mowed ower to theItm. Ir a moment he had invited a dozen of us to his
jeep and we were travelling s the settlement - past newly barbed wired lands and
deserted stretches which he re
peatedly termed were the sites for his model houses. I L Was indeed a treat to Watch this talented lawyer deal with the gathering, representative Cf
almost all classes in the peninsula -- a fear which is so ably executed by his party as well. At one point he would be talking to the willagers, then whispering to the lard lords, driving home a point to the youths and even remembering to SL, m marise matters for me. "You are indeed a great ab 5 orber M, P ""I wentured once the tour was over and we had corte back to the Starting point, "I can now understand what happened to poor W. P." "Yes", he said with a smile, "we absorb everyone around us." He was not exaggerating. And hawing drunk same moru which he had thoughtfully brought along, he climbed into his jeep and left, his rising - sun flag fluttering in the air.
We - the villagers, the youths
and || — law sat down ur der thė palmyra h tre es to discu55 the problems at issue. But before
that, a word about the organisers
Cf LFC field seminar' - the youths. They have each one of them at some stage or other, actively
worked for their che rished goal
of Tamil Eelam and suffered physically in the process. They are today grouped together in an organization called, ARAWELY PORATTAM KULU which loosely translated mean 5 " Non -- Wiolent Direct Action Group." In the
face of the severe repression umleashed on therlin, these you this hawe arriwed at a decision to
modify the methods they have adopted to far, though not of course, their goal. They hawe
also realized the need to work among
the people and ther. Hegg in i 55 Luas 5 Luch a barai. In fact the th e! rTho'we to bu! of de Pressed cas C from another wi tu warı. True the worsed in Marx found out at Corrad N's later in the da firm belief Hit which, if Pr: would be an ass tionary party.
The problern; (which are by no it) which I was together from of the A. P. Mahalingam, the – HD died natur "Pallar' people ol briefly be stated roct5, 5 tretch to mor rhai increa, 5e: throughout the situation is aggr
return ing from to in West In Ilari a rea5. (I am ta
to profesionals Mid -- East 5 og 5O far gong in ta West Germa is naturally striki of the rema imin in the p:n insula. W. Cat W of free Sgrvice 5
st 5 fert le tracts, a With tite deel claims to lands hardly bathere det, de 5. Ewent: and hou 5e burni took place in C the i riewi table
The legal clai at Wermbara of a Malayarai POš5 e5 ing a rept, bey Grid the are:

RS
indeed learn from her involvement 5 chose of Werny had spearheaded ck the eviction a tenants recently lage-Punnalaikuty were not highly ist theory as |
a discussion at hou 3 e at Kopay . But it is my here was material perly directed, et to a my rewolL
of Werbāri In eans peculiar to
able to piece the explanations K. youths and
36 year old baro al gader of the the village, could as follows. Their the Tecerint ab; m land values peninsula. This "avated by those abroad, wanting d in their home ld that in addition and migrants to 5,000 youths hawe search of work nyl). This process ng the very roots g feudal structures "Landlord," who ith the extractico
from depressed :Cupying oven inte now howering ds and pushing which they had d to look at for s like evictions ings that recently hawakachcheri a re results.
mants to the land
3 Te members Muda liyar) family utation extending a, as patrons of
education. The present occupiers - the villagers - descend from those that were settled in this
and a century or so ago by this family. Their relationship had
essentially been feudal, with the villagers performing various labour services (free labour at weddings and funerals, and compulsory labour on the landlord's properties etc.) in return for the right of settlement. They were in addition borded settlers who were not free to leave the
village. Though the people of Werm barai were never in any sense cultivators (they earn their living from fish vending and
toddy-tapping) they had over the years developed the rock strewn,
infertile land. In fact the segment occupied by the villagers was now in an ideal state for cultivation. According to the
youths this land could today fetch as much as Rs 10,000- per acham or parapu (about 16 of an acre) in comparis om to the unoccupied and the refore un de yeloped sector where the price would not be anything more than R5, 3000/-.
(Over 300 families occupy the 400 odd a chains that constitute the Willage). The landa wners were
now in an un holy hurry to obLain watant possession of the land, especially the developed sector - and I was able to spot a number of potential buyers howering in the vicinity that very morning.
Apart from legal means the landowners were now..., resorting to Warious ruses to push the villagers out. Firstly a move is afoot to block all paths leading to the under the guise that these were unauthorised clearings. Secondly fines are Im
settle Tent

Page 18
posed on the cutting of leaves from the palmyrah trees, which the villagers proudly point out had been planted by their forefathers. Work on a temple and a library under construction by the villagers have been forcibly halted. A ban has been enforced on the construction af permanent structures and a villager is now facing trial for putting up a house with a cemented floor, I was taken to witness a pathetic sight of a 60 year old, one-legged person, father of 6 children - Kathiran - Salvaging materials from his house which had been pulled down on account of his having put up an "unauthorised" fence, The latest method of haras5 ment adopted was the non-issue of food stamps to the villagers - a sure indication that govern Tant officials were not very neutral on this i55Le.
The villagers and Mahalingam were full of praise for the A. P.K. youths. They had done the Impossible - brought the M. P. to the village! But what of it? The you this quite correctly were cynical of what could be achieved through him. In fact his tactics were not wery dificult to fath om. He was urging the villagers to move their huts to the un de welci pęd segment. This he loftily promised would be turned in to a Model Willage with Premier Premadasa's aid (as his colleague Rajangam is attempting to do in the highly Politicalised Nelli addy area). Thus the land owners would be able to sell the developed land at fancy prices and in addition obtain a Szeable Sum as Compensation from the government for the undeveloped land. Everybody would then be happy and Kopay would again hawe as its M. P., the brilliant lawyer curn theoretician Mr. Kathirawelupilai.
As T. remarked later on while analysing the morning's events at Kopay, - "Our M. P. may be a charming and clever absorber. But he would soon learn that there ar limits Lo this kind of politics'. Perhaps the Ilk of A. P. K. and Comrade Mahalingham would prove this some day - in the mot Loo distant future,
W
WW'
l
C
HFC
 

ninvitation.
henever you want orchids ... hether it is a solitary Stalk, beautiful presentation basket,
a gay profusion elegantly ranged for an important occasion ... me to the Fern & Flower r orchids that are beyond words.
p།།[32
HoTELTA PRo B A NE, Fo RT, TELEPHONE: 20391

Page 19
CHINA AND MAO
I: permit Chintaka's Comments on my article on "China and Mao' to go without a reply although I do not want to take Part in an extens|ye de bate.
Chintaka does not agree with the CCT" EC Marxit-Lenist thesis, so clearly enunciated by
both Lenin and Mao, that classes
and therefore, class struggles continue to exist even after the socialist revolution. Following
from his in correct assurTipt|ori he does not agree with the view of Marxist-Leninists that capitalism has been restored in the Soviet Union and is being restored in China. There is no point in quoting Stalin to me on this point because it is precisely on this point that I think Stalin erred.
Let us, therefore, go back to Lenin. In his famous book, "Left-wing Commun || sm, An Infantile Disorder". Lern sad: "The dictatorship of the proletariat is a Tost determ i med and most ruthless war waged by the new class against a more powerful enemy, the bourgeoisie, whose resistance is increased tenfold by its over throw (even if only in ore country), and whose power lies not only in the strength of international Capital. In the strength and
durability of the International connections of the bourgeoisie but also in the force of habit,
in the strength of small production, For, un fortunately Small production is still wery, wery widespread in the world and small production engenders capitalis in and bourgeoisie continuosly, daily, hourly, spontaneously, and on a mass scale. For all these reasons the dictatorship of the proletariat is essential, and victory over the bourgeoisie is impossible without 2 long, Stubborn and des perate wat of life and death, a war demanding perseverance, in domitableness and unity of will."
In another of his famous works, "The proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky', Lenin says: 'The transition நீ0m Capitalism to communism represents
an entire histori this epoch has t the exploiters
cherish the hops and this hope w. into attempts And after their feat, the overthr who had newer over throw, who possible, who wi. the thought of the Tselves with with furiou 5 pas grown a hundrei ba [tt|2 for t. F1B r" |ost "para dise", who had been sweet and easy now the "comm derTr) ing to ruim In the w; Lalist exploiters broad Tial SS es of geoisie, to w hor hesitation the his of every count bears witness - march behind th next day they
at the difficulties become panic-str defeat or sem Work ar 5; . . . . ""
To quo e Le by overthrowing and the borge the way but we the edifice of st ground cleared c. generation new tinually appear | as the ground g and it does gi number of baur
Thus Lenin, q tid out that eliminated with volution; that th geois ie Es I rm fah the Wicarious small production talls T1 and the tinuously; that exploiters will atterpts to r "Para dise"'; and historical epoch Capitalism to witness a long
 

cal epoch. Un tl | yggs terrminated
will inevitably of restoration, ill be converted at restoration. first 5: ritus de - own exploitors - expected their never be igygd |t auld not permit | t - will thro YY
tenfold energy, 50 and ha trůd ifold, into the ecovery of their for their families leading such a החס H איי הוlife ar Om he "d" i 5 conand destitution ake of the capiWill bë fund the the petty bourTil wācilltir arid torical experiance :ry for decades - one day they e proletariat, the will take fright cof the te volution, cker at the first -defeat of the
in again : "Yes, the landowners oisie we cleared
did not build cialls T. Qn the if one bourgeois
generations Conr history, as long Wes rise to ther, we rise to any geois."
Jite clearly Poinclassis arte mot the socialist rehe deposed bour:t, s tro rigër than
proletariat; that en gemidiërs capibourgeoisia con
the over thrown make frenzied again their lost that the entire of transition from çe: TrisT1 will stubborn and
69 A reply
by N. Sanmugathasan
des perate War of Life and death between the two classes. It might be pointed out that no where in the world has communism been established yet.
What must be stressed is that It is rèlatively e à sièr to physically owgrthrow the arords and capitalists and to confiscate their property. However, confiscation of thair property does not asTiount to confiscation of the reactionary idéås in their minds. Daily and hourly they are always dreaming of a come-back. At some stage, they attempt to convert their dreams into attempts at te storation. At the sa me time, nëW bourgëdis elements aro com ing in di axistence, The 5 a arise from the privileged sections of the workers and the Party and the state organs who are corrupted by the bourgeois style of life. As Yao Wen-yuan wrote: "The existence of bourgeois influence and the existence of the influence of Iritërnacional imperialism and rewis ionis mň a re the political and ideological source of the new bourgeois elements, while the existence of bourgeois right provides the wital economic basis for their emergence."
This is theory this theory that was put piráctică in the Sowjet after Stalin's death. To say this is mot to belittle éither Lenin of Stalin. To Say that the Second litër riational had degenerated to rewis||carnis Ti by the time of the Second World War is mot to belittle its founder, Engles. The Soviet Union of today bears mc rcsemblence to the Sowjet Union of Lenin and Stalin. I give a few examples. Khrush chow enlarged the private plots of collective farmiers fra T1 i acro to i acre — thus further engeridering capitalism in the countryside (instead of restricting thern arid firially el iTiiria ting theri). Material inçën ti yes for increased production were introduced. Foreign monopolies, likë Fiat, Were allowed to invest capital and exploit Soviet is baur and take away profi:5. Sowjet capital was in rested a broad e. g.
and it was is to
Union
|7

Page 20
France. As a political consequence of the restoration of capitalism and its development into Soviet monopoly capital and Soviet imperialism took place the aggression against Czechoslokia and Afghanistan and Soviet support to facist Ethiopia's war against thic Eritrean Nationalists,
Chintaka wants to know how the restoration of capitalism could hawe been effected without will clence or rewolution. Surely, people hawe heard of the strategy of "taking the fortress from within', of palace coups where change of personnel at the top led to change right down the line. What happened in the Soviet Union was a palace coup. But it was not without an element of force. This was provided by the Minister of Defence, Marshal Zhukow - the only professional, military man to hold that post up to that time. He was a war i ha ro but had been demoted by Stalin because of his Bonapartist tendencies, to which Khrushchow himself was to testify later in his "Memoirs". In TidJune 1957, Khrushchow found himself In a 4: 7 minority in sido the Political Bureau but refused to resign and continued to filibuster till his friend Zhukow, air-lifted pro-Khrush cow members of the Central Commitree in army transport planes to Moscow and procured a majority for Khrushchov. Zhukow threw the entire weight of the Soviet military establish ment on to the gide of Khrush thow.
In China, the four leaders who supported Mao were arrested without ever the decision of the standing committee of the Political Bureau. As Martin Nicolaus says in his book, "Restoration of Capitalism in the USSR," "Without a doubt, his (Khrushchov's) power grew out of the barrel of a gun; only, not the gun of the revolutionary soldiers and peasants, but the gun of a bourgeois officer corps."
| would respectfully Chintākā no to Sk ne respe: the views of people like B. T. Rana diwe or Wang Ming, both of whom were and are g negade from Marxism-Leninism and did enormous damage to the commu
request
8
list 1 Wilts countries. As so about the Great tural Revolution, political revolutit bureaucracy, lt to seize back a super-structure W taken ower by the inside the Chi Party. It was th revolutionary mՇ՝ World had Seen. to safeguard and dictatorship of th China, to prewe changing colour ; the way the So gome and ta pra: base for World TE the greatest inte that the World
Thore is no pi Cho CPSU), the leadership or the con the Cultural are all rodern ate guilty only justified aggressic nelghbourg - th ) ghanistan, the Wietnam and th Kampuchea, You aggressors to ha' a bcl It the Cultur them || L. ''ya 5 parties are not A5 for Ever Hic sonally listened praise of the Cl His wolta face c. plained nor excu
As for the th Revolution Chi know where it diff theory of Perma
It is qui te si theory postulate geois democrat
Russia would ey alist revolution ; revolution could only on the are revolutian. Hist turn up this triumph gd in O and, them, in a countries later revolution has ro the theory of M Postulates is that teg for the 5uet |ווf" B Iם ום חם וח[ depends on the

f their respective the criticism Proletarian Cul
it 'W5 T1Ot an against the was an attempt art of the state hich had beer capitalist-readers ese CarTrn Lunist e greatest ma55, ement that the II was an attempt strengthen the e Proleta iat 1 nt China from and from going it Union häd awe Chira as a volution. It was | lectual fermet
1:15, 5 է: է:Fl :
oint in quoting present Chinese Wietna These CP Revolution. They revisionists who recently of unyn against their first against Afsecond, against e third agains. can hardly expect we correct ideas "al Revolution. To arathema. Ruling always correct. Ixha, I have perto his effusive ultura | Rig: wol Li tion. 1r nie i het be exšė d.
cory about World ntaka Wants to ers from Trotsky's ment Revolution. Taple. Trotsky’s that the bourit revolution in 'olwg into a sociand that the latter be safeguarded na of internatio mål ory did not qui te way, Sticialism ne country first Lumber of other although world 3 arri y cd. What World Revolution the final guaramless of socialis in mber of countries final victory of
world revolution. If the latter is delayed and socialist Countries are forced to exist in a world where imperialist countries dom i nate, the possibility exists of imperialism corrupting socialism - as has already happened.
The correct position has been stated by Mao as follows: "Accoding to the Leninist viewpoint, the final victory of a socialist country not only requires the efforts of the prale tarlat and the broad masses of the people at home, but also depends on the victory of world revolution and the abolition of the system of exploitation of små rol by man om the whole globe upon which all mankind will be emancipated."
Finally, let me say that I defended Stalin and all that was Corre-L in his wiews alnd aCLCris long, long before Chin tak a took to Political journalism. I hawe no need to make a choice between Stalin and Mao or Maoism. Let m ls sk ir tā kā L0 worry about my alleged isolation. | hawe gwr count: d heads. Nilor am I going to do so now. In Sri Lanka, if you want to be with the majority, one should join the UNP or the SLFP - if you follow Chintaka's logic. But | prefer to stick to my principles.
The SLFP . . .
( ... αντί ΙΙΙερί ή αrη Ραμε 1.4) head of a united Left formation,
like India's CP (M) does at present, Yet, its sectariasm prevents it from archię w ing this. The circle is a Wicious or le.
A convergence of the radicalized CPSL (or, of the CPSL's radicals) and the rational sections of the JWP, is perhaps the best hope for the emergence of an anti-capitalist (anti-UNPSLFP) but non-sectarian Left alterna tiwe, i. e. a kind of Lankan CP (M). But this unfortunataly Is a very long shot. The likelier prospect is the UNP remaining in power or the recrudesence of cha SLFP with a long "I eft" "tai", and a fresh coat of pink varmish. And either prospect should heartily sicken any progressive, for that elusive "left unity' would finally be a chiewed in a Wery concrete for II - in the prisons and grawe yards of this country.

Page 21
in defence
by J. Uyango da * THUMANEN" is dange
rous and illusory, says Touch Stone. For him, it is something about individual revenge - an individual resolution of social conflicts (L. G. Feb. 15). Mr. H. A. Se ne vita tre also has a si Tilar Titici 5 T. "‘Uth Luman ermio" fāil 5 to be convincing as regards "its proclaimed Pro LC:st agains I injustice..." (L. G. April 1) - Another | 255 er kric WYn Critic h às serious doubts about the "Social injustice
portrayed in the film." (L. G. June 1). Now comes Mr. W. Jayasiri seeking to enlighten us
on Marxist aesthetics and 'reality'. He concludes on an apocalyptic na te that "thumą, nenio re-I rittodu ces the milieu of South Indian cinema tradition which may destroy at one blow "what We have tried to nurture with great difficulty ower a long Period." (L. G. June 5) - Not only the Sinhala cine Tha, but cinema criticis II is also in crisis, according to Mr. Jayasiri.
Do these critics seriously and ho nestly think that Siri pala (the main character in Uthumaneni') should hawe joined the rewolutinary warguard på ry of the proletariat and launched a struggle against the capitalist system, instead of stabbing to death those who raped his sister? Looking from Siri pala's point of view, it is no doubt that his revenge is merely an individual solution. What else can he do when he is confronted with a grim reality which offers no solution in the accepted a wenues of religion, law etc? I m cor det mot to "distract attention from the social changes that are actually necessary' (Touchs tone) should he wait ti || | 984 to yote for Comrade Wijeweera at the next Presidential elections? Or 5 hould he contribute ta LG "KA KARL AWATHA" Party Fund "mot to allow the film producers to be the real victors". (Jaya siri) In "Uthu maneni” Siri pala is not as contrived and artificial as our criti-5 want him to be. On the contrary,
of U
he is true to h ls a vulgar kind to say that Siri|| four culprits who by the courts 5 psychological sati a Ludicenc02. SI ripa to take that pers the logic of ci events. And the for Siri Pala, are r individuals but approximate pe a whole array
un sympathotic f precisely why
te wenge” has so personal. Mort decision to kill symbolises a defir the religious pass he was nurture. and harm│e 55
therefore it is perceive that Sir mur der is Isere kind of finale,
A criticism levelled aga inst that it does not injustice. Accord I the film exposes oppressive reality system. In three w animosity that B: has against Siripal which is based interests of the w - politician. Thu portrays (of course an aspect of the in the village in Way quite distinc
the trash y and with rural settin is a grim rew
injustice of the system which se pri Willege. Third | tifTO III SiI Haa - опе іIluзогy aspecг ideology of our the religious passi True enough,
may have no expl05ure Cornoscica, tely. Despilte cho Fonseka is a di

thumaneni
is character. It of interpretation pala's kill I ng of wete excomerated erves only the sfaction of the la is compelled onal revenge by rcumstances and four "willains', lot merely four Also the Tost rsonifications of of hostile and
Orces. That is this "personal mething beyond lower, o Siri pala's
the four men
lte rupture from ivity under which
as a peaceful willager, And misleading to i pala's quadruple ly an es capist
that has been "Tā neri" īs portray social ng to my opinion, aspects of the " of our social ays. Firstly, the by Mahath thaya a and his family on property flage land owner 15, "Աthumanent" with limitations) : class struggle an un distorted It from III 105t of 'oltist' fills gs. Secondly, it ilation of the bourgeois legal rves power and y, for the first nema, it exposes of the dominant
Society that is, wity and pacifism. GarTirhi Forn5 eka
effected this Jsly and deliberafact that Gamini is ident or disap
pointed bourgeois political personality, his sensitivity to human condition brings these three a spects to the surface. As H. A. Senevi ratne correctly says we sometimes do not see what is! H. A.'s own comments on "Uthumaneni' are a good example.
Can one appreciate, let alone evaluate, any artistic creation by reducing its theme and story to a set of simple staternents. This Is the first question ome should ask from Mir, Jaya siri, hawing read the very first paragraph of his article (L. G. June 15). Not only a les ser cinematic work like "Uthumaneni', but also a great mowo el li ke "" Anna Karten ina.''' becomes a mere formula when its plot is reduced to absurdity. In this Jayasirish way, in Pathiraja's "Bambaru Avith' too, there is a village, a poor fisherman family, a rich Mudalali etc. The poor family consists of "dharmishta's living quietly and minding their own business, where as the rich Muda lali 5 pends ewery minute in doing wrong with his acolytes. (W. Jayasiri himself, aptly enough, plays the role of one of them!) He is corrupt, decadent and barbarous — in short, "a dharm ista” so on and so forth. But, to my knowledge no critic (with the excepticorn of H. A. Some wira trne) has been un kind or vulgar enough to look at "Ba Tı baru Awith" in such an absurd and reductionist way. Jaya siri's method of reductio and absurdum has pre wented him from understanding even the finest points in 'Uthumaneni'.
Jayas ri's harsh werdict om "Uthumaneni" is perhaps based on a kind of subjective attitude towards the fill maker rather than the firm.
As far as the entire history of Sinhala cinema is concerned there had been two dominart trends. The first was the Crashy cinema -the mirror reflection of South Indian celluloid dream world. The other is, what one may call, the "elitist" cinema, mainly
9.

Page 22
represented by Les ter James Pieris. Besides these two trends, there has been developing a third tred since the early 1970’s which I may cal “The alternatiwe Sinha la cincima” — a precursor of a ("Sarungale') Wasantha Obey se kera arid now Gä Tiiri i Fonselka, with "Uthurmalerni” repres ent, according to my wiew, this alternative trend. What is rę w In this trend is not merety or mainly the technical achievements of the film-makers, but the Social releyance of the the 5e. This is what is most important white weer the shortcomings as far 5 ciri Ematic form is com er med. um hesitatingly include "Uthumaretii' in this alternative category mainly because of the power of its theme and the subject Tatter,
As regards critics, such as Touchstone, who at logo that "Uthumaneni' does not go beyond the individual satisfaction of a "lone avenger" or that it does not draw attention to the collapse of the bankrupt capitalist system, Strongly re commend Reggie Siri war dene's , article entitled "Pathiraja, Politics and Cinema."
that appeared in the Lanka Guardian several months back. Reggie Siriwardene, one of our most sensitive Marxist oriented literary critics, has this to say, (Para phras ing one of Engels statements) regarding a certain
criticism levelle d'against Bambaru'.
"As for the view that the ending is defeatis E, I think one is back here to the question whether art should portray reality as it
i 5 Çor as one would, wish i to be. The gulf of communication between the alienated left-wing
Intellectual and the village fisher. men (in “Bambaru Avith”) is
part of the reality that the film Taker sees. Within that situation and With in thc Community that the film
portray 5, it would be un real to smuggle in a hopeful solution. No more than the rio Velist is the film maker obliged to serve on a Platter tho future historical resolution of the social conflicts which he describes." (L. G. August 15,
1978 page 7 - emphasis added)
O
An insurrecti
(Cofred fr. days later Air
min e tikais cf || || which the Soviet available from su On 20th April S Antanaw transpor of Kamow helicop day the Antonows MiG-||75. () wa announced that Soviet armoured Lanka. Qm the
of April, Australia announced their in arms and equi
This sudden In am Tunition rapi C balarıce agairi 5 t Army took Yugos Kegalle to flush By the end of M tic3ri - was corTi plete JWP : had ro 5t tracted warfare, organisation for
This IVP upri emergence of a tia | and ru [ H | 35 |t broki: thig b: parties which politically by which they coulk at the cost of lan The SLFP was is electorate due to ti adopted - curfew, without jury, p glection 5, suspel corpus and the
The uprising efficacy of a parli; Lfat could rat generation of e nor || k Cep – politi their needs and mass Partie 5 li SLFP, LSSP and have no place JWP charge that ment were of : and therefore thi a different subWalid 13 w.
It is alsa Er song where else ch of real conditions suffices to shattic of the existing soc

. . .
F Fa F T}}
Ceylon flew in tary equipment
Jim had mai de xplies in Cairo, bwiet A, ir Faroe L5 f|LW in à 52t ters. The next brought in six y 6th the USSR t was providing carts to Sri
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lux of arms and tly altered the the JWP. The law at tillery into at the rebels. lay the insurrecly crushed. The *ategy for proor had they the
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sing led to the J-Werful, infller5 arried force, ck of the Left SF E trapped Fhë Insurrection ! cofily dan once g-term influence. olated from the he harsh measures censorship, trial log('po në ment of ision of habeas r ci wil rights.
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Page 23
DR. S. A. WCKREMASINCHE
first
Sri
4 R^{{#f Lf}^4 K.4 4 THTTTÍA YA - Life and Times of Dr. S. A. Pickreyiasingle by Ranave era Leslie Gra varlene.
he Marxist movement of the
island, though it produced a core of dedicated leaders in the course of its history in the last forty years, failed to give birth to a well documented and comprehensive history. The movement, however, claims ownership to a rich storehouse of source material consisting of pamphlets, booklets and documents. The only question is whether they have been preserved in the respective party archives. The writer is aware that certain individuals, who once held key positions with in the movement, possess some of these matells and neither the reseacher nor the general reader could find access to them. A comprehensive history as well as biographical works on the colourful personalities of the Left-Philip, NM, Dr. S. A. Wickremasinghe and Colvin - need to be published in the interest of posterity. It above all, has a special relevance at this juncture because of the attempt by a vociferous section of the emerging "new Left" to deliberately minimlse the contributions and the Impact of the "old guard" of the island's Marxist Mowellent.
Prof. Leslie Girl awardene, in his own right as a historian and a Left wing intellectual cum activist, has made u Sc of the || se and tiTnes of Dr. S. A. Wickremasinghe to write the history of the first im Portant phase of the Left movement of Sri Lanka. Prof. Gunewarde me"'s study, though it concentrates mainly on one of the leading pion eers of the island's Marxist Tower ent, is certainly a scholarly attempt to assess the importance of the Left Wing movement, in the modern history of Sri Lanka. Prof. Gunewardene deserves our praise for
Lanka's
Praga ľkí Press, Ig8o
his scholarly an: of the Left in Though several the origin of th til C5 in the Don they suffered frc that the respect to consult all the specially the pleat newspapers and Lanka. The Mi from İts very Ince thirties, used th Thain national | politics to the c this country and of theirs, along variety of Sinhala which they in tr Political vocabula provided the political particip: 51 i Cr. The CF Was first seen dur morte period and during the subseq bourgeois histori successfully asses Cof this Yital curt, of Sri Lanka.
Prof. Gunewarc Spirit of a his to is to debunk siç of his colleagues ha 5 written the
 

Marxist
irsk reë rrusivighe lysis of the role its early poriod. studies cxiam iri ed ve Left wing pol|- ough more period, im the drawback ive authors failed : awal la ble sources, hora of pamphlets, booklets in Sri Ixist. Wellet ption in the early e medium of the anguage to talk irdinary masses of this contribution with the wide phrases and terms oduced into the ry of the masses, mpetus to both tion and nobilict of this process ing the DonoughIt was accelerated uent decade. No an was able to s the significance cn. In the history
lene, morc in the i rian whose task ms of Lhe Wiew5 In the profession. biography of Dr.,
S. A. Wickreine singhe in so scholarly a fashion tha Lit places the left mo w cment in the cort tect historical perspective. One simply has to read this book om Dr. S. A, to get a clear picture of the role and tasks of the Left Towerment in the past threo decades. The emphasis, in the main has been to demonstrate the effect of the Left movement. In the area of national independence and anti-imperialism, The processes through which the Country ach lowed national independence was accelerated by the militant forces of the Left which successfully involved the participation of both workers and peasantry in mass politic 5. Dr. SA's entry into the first Donough more State Council in 1931 he raided a new era in legislative politics for the simple reason that it was he alone who led a struggle against both imperialists and their national agents, for the ornancipation of the oppressed classes of this country. Dr. S. A. remained the single Marxist in the legislature dominated by the elite whose only aim was to retain and control the power of the State in tha interest of Imperialists and their national agents. He utilised the floor of the State Council to talk of the peoples right for national indepen
dance and also to look at the numerous problems of a people under colonial subjugation from
the point of view of Marxis in. As an elected member of the State Council, Dr. SA took the grlevances of the People before this limited legislature and demanded legislation to solve the problems which affiliated the people in the early thirtle5.
Somme of the most basic social and economic rights, which the ordinary masses enjoy today, reached the statute book largely as a result of the pioneering efforts made by Dr, S.A., who saw in the att tempt to impose British politital institutions on Sri Lanka, a relationship to the forms of colonial economic exploitation. In 1933,
2

Page 24
he, while speaking on the subject
cf constitutional refor T1, remark = d
that politica i control by the PE Ople could be a chieved only o oby organis ing the people of this country to fight on a organised basis to win for our poor workman and the poor peasant his economic freedem, the absence of which is the root cause of our political subjugation.' (State Council Hansard Wol. 1, 1933). This amply demonstrates that the forum of the legislature was seized to raise issues close to the h Cart5 of the masses of the country, Deviating from the conventional Political jargon of the elit is politicians who envisaged nothing
beyond constitutional reforms be
used such phras es as "th o organlış gid
masses' and 'the reactionaries',
The nationalist issues, which later
became significant in the political
history of the country, attracted
the early attention cof the pione gring Marxist, Dr. S. A. An example is the rejuvenation of Ayurveda. It was Dr. S. A., who suggested that Ayurve dic Physicians should be allowed to give evidence in court; he also wanted the Ayurwe da college to be given a recognised
statu 5. In this way, he pioneerd the cause of the community of Ayurvédic Physicians of this country. Education, Labour and Health Services attracted his attentior and he was able to in press upon the legislature, the need to introduce changes and improwe the available facilities. The social Welfare measures, which are now under attack by a regime which does not rocognise social wellfare as a prerequisite ofeconomic development, entered the statute book primarily due to the impact of the Left movement, and Dr. S. A. in this context, played a most significant role in the first State Council.
The emergence of the Left Tovement, apart from its historic role in the las II. four de cades. was the most important factor in the process of political modermisation of Sri Lanka. The formation of the LSSP in 1935 and the activities which immediately preceded the emergence of the first radical Politica|| party hawe beer examined by Prof. Gursewardene who, has revealed a lot of inter
resting and usef the early phase mov e Tel. D), in London and ship with the CoTi Thun|ty are formación useful the early phase The author, by aspect, helps in the present day to the early, m the Left mower independence' betā 1 h ir Political party w the au thour, pla in the political di country. The ideo which surfaced c. War II, brought and it was this to the Communi S. A. as its liv both the imperi national agents crush this Marx its formative da; cated himself to the building class party, The period has been book In such a that it helps al in teres Liced in the The background t ding, which de“ the CP and the including those factors which Cmtente, has be: the discipline of an att E Tipt has establish the wi purpose of this to är c:|crate th struggle for natic The militant tra and the general activities of th | to a new poli 94 and it reach with the Gefn gr Congress of the which was held in been examined the point home t who spoke of t front to fight Hartal of 1953, of the MEP and the CPSL to changes were a of this strateg Dr. S. A. and ot

חס חסatiחחח סinf of the Marxist A's student days is close relation|Indian studert eplete with into the study of of the move Tert, ocussing or this the education cf youth in regard ilitant, phase of "National and 'Socialism" slogans of this 1ich according to ' ed a vital rolig welopment of the agical differences, uring the World
about a split which gawe birth st Party with Dr.
e-wire. Though alists and their strived hard to
ist party during 5, Dr. S. A, dediremmittingly to up of a working
history of this discussed In this way so as to see people who are a Left Movement. o the understanFeloped between
CNC in | 943, domestic political haracterised this in examined with a historian and be en måde to :w that the sole Jnders tanding was e process of the n al iri depari de rice. e union struggles exparis iom in the ! Left gawe birth sical Situation in 2d the peak sé all Strike. The 4th Communist Party, | 950 at Matara, Ha5 primarily to drive 1 at it was Dr. S. A. the necessity of a the UMP, Th2 the 1956 wictory the acticude of the subsequent part and parcel , about which Crs of the CP
attempted to convince the remaining force 5 of the left. This struggle for a broad front, gawe birth to the 1763 ULF which. In effect, represented the most historic achievement of the Left movement. Prof. Gunewardene, perhaps with a purpose, focusses on the for Tination of the ULF and sees as a miles torne. He ha 5 ch cige n to end his scholarly-curnpolitical analysis of the story of the Left at that point. The frag. mentation which coric: se es in side the ranks of the Loft in the 1970's reflects the ideological disputes and differences on tactics and strategies. This book, the refore, becomes relevant for those forces which airm to bring about unity within the ranks of the Movemen.
Prof. Gunewardene, though he concem trates on Dr. SAS role as the pioneer of the country's Marxist movement, has not neglected to examine and assess some of his ideas on economic development, industrial development and the generation of hydro-electric power. Hi 5 writing on these subjects hawa been disgussed with a view to emphasis ing that it is this | leador of the Left who first spoke of the projects which are now b) ing launched as ideas emanating solely from a very different group of leaders. Dr. S. A. understood the need to ha rness the water resources for development several decades ago. Prof. Guinewardene's work, though it concentrates primarily on the biography of Dr. S. A. is, in all its facets, a history of the Left movement in first three decades. It, the refore, is certain to invite the attention of those people who are intere sted irI both modern history of Sri Lanka and the history of the Left movement, which, in its initial phase, displayed the character of a militant movement without which the process for national independence would not hawe been accelera cd. Dr. S. A. was un doubtedly one of the central figures of the struggle for national independence. The best tribute, which we can pay this "Grand Old man" of the Left who dedicated his en tire || fe to the cause of the pe Oples emancipation is to derive inspirations fron his "life and times'.
— Wiswa Warnapala

Page 25
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Page 26
WOOLF’S
eonard Woolf's second and |ast nowe, The Wise Wirgins, has recently been reprinted by the Hogarth Press for the first time since it was published in 1914. Although it appeared only
a year after The village in the Jungle, it is a very different kind
of novel. Its hero, Harry Dawis, is a young Jew who comes from a social background very
similar to that of Woolf himself. and the central relationship of the novel, Harry's love of the beautiful and intelligent CalTilla Lawrence, is based on Woolf's courtship of Wirginia Stephen. Im the novel. however, the relationship comes to nothing when Harry is trapped into a marriage with an im mature 5 uburba r girl. There are se Yeral other characters
in the book who are derived
from real People in Woolf's
circle.
The Wise Wirgins appeared
only two Ionths after the outbreak of World War I, and that Seems to haye killed the F10Wel as far a5 sale 5 vyere concern Cd : Woolf recorded in his graphy that he made only £20 out of it. Woolf newer thought of republishing it, partly at least. because his Incther objected to the portrait of her in the novel. Although it doesn't compare as a fictional achieve Tert with The Willage in the Jungle (and it is interesting that Woolf should hawe done better as a ravelist with the Peasants of Hamban tota
autobio
that Yoyith the il titt 5 of Kensington and Putney), The Wise Wirgins is, as Wirginia said in her diary, 'a remarkable book; very bad in parts; first rate in others." Perhaps there was a novelist lost to co-temporary English literature when
4.
SECON
Wolf chose to to nur 5ing his w her health.
Which English 2
An anonymous Daily News ref to this column (t dian is apparent|| in the cours controlled Press) quota Licorn fram [ Lak g the yi-Y t be allowed to sp зп d caппппепt5 :
“This is a rto:
arוח D : aחם וחtatE$ trouble of writi a book which is last word in Eng and he then goe a manner of spe notice of my bo speak any way y incredible, to sa
Which just writer, like most con es in Sri Lai
stood the purpo! book was compil
Daniel Jones his dictionary word in English that is a Bible people should though that is el ocucionists hay to be. His pu prescribe "correc ı Uı Cili, tibrı bu tı tac for the purpose the Pro munciati English people educated at the å 5 h Q makes qui introduction.
There was a when the pron class of English

D NOVEL
devote i Tself ife" 5 ta||emt and
var i for in the erring obliquely :he Lanka G Luary un men tiarna ble of the Statespeaks of my Daniel James, "I lat people should eak as they like,"
gt extraordina ry goes to all the g and publishing
accepted as the ish pronunciation * 3. Сп to say, iп aking, "Take no ok ; go ahead and
ou fancy." It Is
the least."
oro y es that the
: Lu 5ert5 of C)Ji, 1 ie| ka, hasn’t Luri dei r
i.e. for which the
ed.
newer inter ded
Eco be "the läst
Pron, Luciation" — laying down how Speak English, What Sri Llrkär
e Cor 15 era ted i t pose wasn't to t' norms of prorecord accurately of scientific study arl af "Southern who hawe beer
public schools,' i te cleat i his
time, of course, Unciation of this speakers was re
As I LIKE IT
Touchstone
garded a 5 'superior' to any other, and was the only one normally heard in the House of Cor Tols. the law courts, the universities,
the BBC, the officers Thess arid the upper-class clubs. This was n't, howewer, 3 matter of lingustig
correctness but of class superiority. Any good linguist Will tell you Lihat no orie dialect. Carl be regarded as being Tore 'correct" than any other. This is how a distinguished literary scholar who was born into a Working-class family saw the imposition of an upper-class speech as a linguistic standard on other speakers of English :
"In its name, thousands of people have been capable of the vulgar insolence of telling other
Englishmen that they do not know how to speak their own language, And as education was
extended, under mainly middleclass direction, this a III tu de spread from being simply a class distinction to a point where it was possible to identify the making of thesa Sounds with being educated, and thousands of teachers and learners from poor homes became as harned of the speech of their fathers." (Raymond Williams : The Long Revolution.)
But especially after the war social charges in Britain, this situation has coased () (: X is and Conce despised class and regional accents can now be heard in all those institutions where Southern public school English used to be the only acceptable norm. And with the innumerable varieties of Spoken English in the con temporary world- fron Americam, Canadiam and Australia II to West |Idän – il is time that Sri Lankan teachers of speech stopped imposing on their pupils the sounds recorded by Daniel Jones for another pшгрозе al lito = gether - with the pain fu result 5 so often evident in the Englishlanguage theatre and the SLBC.
pಧ5T

Page 27
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