Page 1
SPECIAL
of SLFP's 'secret w;
Vol. 3
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A. Y. 4 7 -ܪܘܕܪܫܗܩܕܡܘ̈ܝ D 鬱》 d 豹 Diego Garcials Depicted
. -
...* శీటిpg t్యభట్ట ܀ s . فع أمه بهيه ጇ፰፻፲ዃ፮&r፪ዟ နှီးမျိုး இ000-ல்லக், ஃஃக்ஃஃக் ဗြုံးမ္ဟုမ္ဟ ဦးဇုံ
|`అక్షత్రొజెక్టుఖ విలk_
இஊ-ஆtஆறுக
Diego Garcia, R and R, C
JVP's Foreign Policy ( SLFP and Populism (A Humanising Tourism - Delhi and the Wester
O MASSACRE I W EL SALVADOR
 
 
 
 
 
 

r' and uneasy truce
No. 22. April 1, 198 Price Rs. 3/50
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Jayantha Somasundaram
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Page 3
THE CRASH OF '81
La te last year The Economist Intelligence Unit reported that both the IMF drid the World Burk were "increasingly concerned that interrational contractors and suppliers are encouragi ng Sri Lanka into a wild spending spree which will in the end bring financial collapse". Foreign aid, supplier's Credits contracts and large purch as es ha ye always been the "'ten der spot' of all administrations and bureaucracies. For the lack of opportunity perhaps, drid other factors, Sri Lanka was rever guilty of corruptor on the scale that Gunnar Myrda f s Q fir1 cisi Yelly analysed in "the Asian drama".
But with the massive flow of money since 1977, Sri Lanka was steadily taking its place with Indoresia, Philippines, Thailand etc.,
The recent IMF-inspired flat (no of r-conditioners, expensive equipment, new projects, high rise buildings, electrical appliances etc) a cold wind is blowing through the rew community of commission agents, contact men, kick-back operators and so on. As a result the cocktail circuit is full of news and spicy gossip about in-fights dmong In-laws ower a sharing tọf spoils and the di viding of (hidden) loot. But the Big Boys in the business are not terribly upset, Said a well known city accountant: "the elephant Is a nob e beast but the poor fellow was taker for the biggest ride in history in the last 3 years by business rT er Who correctly anticipated that the crash will corne in 3 to 4 years time. It did. They have not only made their money but safely stashed it away."
LEFT PREDCAMENT
What a veteran leftist called 'the SLFP stafemate" has brought new worries for the SLFP's friends and prospective allies. "We can't get qI clea r deci 5I on ewern on a simple Tng (ter" complarned a prominent Trade Unionsst whose organisistion is involved in Joint May Day prepara ti on 5.
The law and Mrs. B's political future continue to cause ner yous anxieti es in these podrtjes. The opini non of one of the Island's most reputed lawyers is cited:
"we lawyers can argue and
i rinterpret, the
adjudica te but r dealing with a g perpetrated th, titutional-politica called Kalawana''
SINGA CONNE
The Air Lanka, cutting off the ap tied |ť to 3in Phasing out the agreement is the tion of the de-f
ls the Singapo of the Sri Lank slowly loosing hi eyes of its once Two columnists point in their diff Weekend’s pol, L' r1- Trier tr tica / emphas Is t{ Prirre Minister Pr i timer ar y wi|| mot r | Sri Lanka was re | by the wisits, I r sion, of Singapore Minister and P When Mr. Lee | on his way Sошth and recreation, Prema duga, dočorm half the cabinet Northwards. Mr. covered in his c paper The Stri which Ms. Lik three drticles or columnist in For ing in th hand information a four day visit m out of the SA's c tilsing slogan, givf twf 5t. Heads nie re Glг), уошаге a Gт
LANRA
GUAR
Wol, 3 No. 27 April
Published fortnightly
Publishing No. 246, U
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C r S 1 Ey Er for orrIber ve I re t WhithחשוחחJw t:r t legal-CorsTon Strasity
PORE CTION
ft is reported, is for strings which gafð0 te Mrsines, * generar sa Jes official descrip"king operation.
're Girl, the da 77 L per la 55, Sr Chance In the Trder: t ddim i'r ers? 'ha Ye made this rent styles. The itica Chrgncer gd we Edram thethe fact that Em 7 da Sa's A5ean Eபde Singapore. cently honoured I rapfd succes's Deputy Prime "Inime MM frister. TS in Colombo Wards for rest Prime Minister Panied by nearly w7 S march ing Lee's visit was Juntry's leading its Times in Teng Kilat wrote | Sri Lanka. A Ward correntddy's second '7 the regs ere for "Tkės () heg dire febrated advergft a 5 ardon Jc ads: "Singapore edit one to Lie".
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3 『58 4
Reply to Samudran
Poor Samudran! What a pity that just when hic mounts the high horse of theory, his perfidious friends should drag him off it, leaving him grovelling in the dust He sces no counter-revolutionary implications in the ending of Sankaram but evidently the playWright himself does: at the most recent performance staged at the Open-Air Theatre, Jaffna, he changed the ending, thereby implicitly endorsing the criticism made by Left groups here. Do I hear Samudrangraaning "Et tu Brute”
A. J. Canagaratna Jaffna
The Final Test
Dr Carlo Fonseka thinks it is perfectly in order for a Trotter leader to preach Marxism-Leninis in according to St Trotsky in public and privately offer flowers to the Buddha because he promised his mum he'd do it. It is precisely this kind of schizoid leader
ship that brought the LSSP, once
Sri Lanka's only hope for principled politics free of xenophobia and racialism to the masalavaday phase of its rake's progress and finally to its present total rejection by the masses. On the last occasion it faced the hustings (the Galle by-election) the LSSP polled only I. 7% of the votes cast.
To quote Dr Carlo Fonseka himself, surely the final test of (Continued or page 23)
CONTENTS NCW's Background 3. Foreign News 7 Mussa CTC ir i El Salvador Delhi Report 13 Humanising Tourism 15 SLFP and Populisin 1. JWP's Foreign Policy 18 Betrayal or Strategy? I
Prirled by Anandil Press 825, Wolfendha Street,
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Page 4
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Page 5
SLFP. uneasy tru
hat we describad earlier as
the SLFP's "secret war." ended on March 20th, The existence of warring factions has now been exposed to the party's largest representative body and the word will surely spread right down the line. In that sense the true victory belonged to the man who triggered the war, the general commanding the forces of the SLFP's main enemy the Commander-in-Chief, in his Ward Place, war-room.
Knowing this, but increasingly unable to cope with this challenge, both factions will seek to minimize the damage done in the interests of party Unity. Neither the Sirimavoist 'gang of four' nor the 'dirty dozen" dissidents wish to split the party. In an interview with the CDN, Mrs. B. had already referred to a "small Tinority", while the spokesmen for the other group have denied reports and rumours about attempts to ''aust" her,
UN P’s game-plan
But the squabbles in the SLFP must always be interpreted in the context of of the UNP's game-plan. In that plan, UNP strategists will continue to give top priority to exacerbating divisive tendencies within the SLFP, sometimes lean ing helpfully towards one faction and sometimes exploiting the other, especially through the governmentcontrolled Tlass media. Such tactics will be pursued even more vigorously as the "unity" of the
United National Party is looking
far less monolithic than it was
three years ago,
It is interesting to note that
UNP leaders are now given to more and more public assurances of their party's unity. The pronounced tilt towards Mrs. B in the mainstream media in the past few weeks suggest that in the UNP reading of the SLFP crisis, Mrs. B's authority has been too greatl eroded. As the (L. G.) 蔷 15th) indicated March 20th turned out to be a Lawyers Day. It was not only the lawyers close to SLFP who battled it out over the
legal and practic the civic disabilit Mr5. B or Oc: October 7th, b. are the pride of Lhe hallowed hall The names of S. NI R, de Silva, C.
N. Choksy, E. R. S. Nimal Senanayake Silva, all cropped of the legalistic
Even Mr. Bunty prosecutor made wirtue of the fac figure in the SLF ation, it was clai supporter at the tİ Of5,
Satan's Return
It was a gooi Cast into outer own party and di by Right and Lef re-emerged in pu fortnight ago. stou test loyalist5 nation. FDB after bote noire. And the Left who like: the factional fight a battle betwee and "resctionaries' FDB took the pla the only ex-minis
It was clear th tured his old an as Kissingerian I time when Mrs. advisers. But Mrs weighed carefully considerations and FDB could be fu much as he was and had no whor
Having got a åt last and retur| near the throne, bit shaky, FDB v lient self again full of 'hi chus

C
a consequences of
lies imposed on tober 16th and It lawyers who
the profession in of Hufts drop. ad2 San Dr. Colwin Thiagal, Ingam, K. R. Cooma rasamy, and H. L. de LP in the course exchanges,
as secret
comrades who had so eagerly sent him into exile three years ago. But as a lawyer he over-played his hand when he claimed that he had a magic formula to solve a these problems - amending the party's constitution to circumvent the difficulties created by the law and the constitution of the country. How? Sorry, he hadn't come prePared, chum.
War Comes
into the open
Zoysa, Mrs. B's an appearances by it that a leading lawyers' associ. med, was a Bunty Bar Counci elec
i day for FDB. dārkness by his enounced as Satan El FDB suddenly blic at Badulla a Ewen Mrs. B's Eas Ped in consterall is everybody's even those on to characterise in the SLFP as "progressives" shuddered whne from at Badulla,
er La do Sa.
tt FDB had recapfavourite role laster-IIlind at a Was in nod of
B Trust hawe
the conflicting recognised that y trusted in as political orphan
EC,
public platform ed to his SeaE ! Wen if it was a is his old ebulE Darley Road, !" to the old
J. R. WS FDB
Since this could become a Protracted legal – constitutional - poli
tical battle up to 1983 and after wữ mãy &{}øm Søe another Series of duels between the two grand
masters of legal manoeuvre on the political chess-board. J. R. vs FDB. FDB of course as Mrs. B's adviser). t is a battle of wits which has gone on since the early 1970s. FDB gave the UNP a real scare after the Colombo South by-election when it looked as if J. R. could be "fixed". Since then there have been må ny other rounds in this long war but JR has out-witted out-gunned and out - manoeuvred his opponent each time. Mrs. B at bay
Before March 20th, Mrs. B made a pre-emptive Strike and a surprise move. On her instructions the party Secretary, Mr. Ratnasiri Wickramanayake sent the Election Commissioner a list of the SLFP office bearers, an indication SU rely that she anticipated a move against her, which, in her estimation had some chances of success. She summoned the All Island Committee (350 members) for a meeting in the morning. Earlier, the only meeting scheduled was that of the | 8 strong Working Committee.
The meaning of these moves can only be properly assessed in the context of the "secret war". Before February 1st, when Mr. Gopallawa's death compelled a postponement of the meeting requisitioned
(Cortfried. Dn page) é o
"--

Page 6
Singapore and (
tories in the Indian newspapers,
based mainly on US and British reports, about "drug abuse, race conflicts, Wiolence and arms 5 Tuggling" in Diego Garcia, and persistent local reports of US interest in "rest and recreation' facilities for US marinos in Trinco (denied by Foreign Minister Hameed) have been made to fit rather neatly into an SLFP scenario for a 'second 956 at the next clections,
Ewer since the SLFP's crushing praliamentary defeat there have been two lines' battling for Supremacy within the small group of advisers' close to the High Command. One school has argued for working closely with the unions and youth groups, while strengthening the party's traditional rural base, for gradually re-building 'the unity of progressive forces' and for a re-election rena wall of the "Lumited ron" with the Left. The UNP's economic policies will fail, economic questions will dominate popular opinion and the electorate will wote with its sto Tnach.
Cultural Factor
The other school has concedd the importance of material hardships and discontents but has argued that if the SLFP's "separate identity" is to be preserved (and there fore its pre-eminence in any future alliance or bloc") the party must emphasise "nationalist" and "cultura" issues. Auth entic representatives of the 'spirit of 1956', they maintain that the most potent elements in the policy platform of Mr. S. W. R. D. Bandaranalike were precisely these questions, and that his alliance with Left leaders like Philip Gunawardena, was on that basis, and not on "doctrinaire socialism" (i. e. economic prescriptions) Mr. Bandaranaike, it is pointed out was able to maximise the appeal of such slogans because
(a) the UNP, dominated by an anglicized elite, was reduced to a vulgar and exhibitionistic cosmopolitanism in the Kotela wellian years. Thus, SWRD was able to exploit the culture shock" of this thuppahism, as Philip Gunawardesia called it.
4.
(b) the UNP, Cembark Cid Com a fo was an affront respect and aspir: dance, The Cul|| zıt Bandung was trary to the pr: nationalist änd gence. As a resi paigners were ab propaganda not o about monks but ssador Gccıesi about "Bandung E Bandaranalike has In nomalignment to get the Britis yake and Trinco,
This Sinhala-Bu l, 'te St TL 1", "We'r UNP regime whe withdrew the q warsity admissions the incipient cam etc. So seriously prosecutions.
The next issue Councils, which mainly in the K:
The case for IL rall propaganda ger with Mrs. rights. If she w ction freely or c leader, the Rosm tank' argued, a devised which we tical personality ideologically) and legal difficulties (i.
Political Profit
WWE TS. G remain the stead inspiration, the pri B. was differen profile was Sinh Капфуап) апф t de wice mot al mew case of the Cong wide "committee Maha Dewi Socie Mrs. B. Could tour 1 elections and add And of course she in white, not blL political garb, ha' with the SLFP yy paign would be leader.

:ulture shock
under Kotelawala, reign policy which to national selfLtions for indepen2 sian li ne he: took completely Conavailing spirit of Afro-Asian resurult, E. B. P. ca. Tille to Imake good nly of his remarks : also of Ambanghe's statement idruwa". Ard Mr. the perfect reply and the promise h out of Katuna
ldhist caucus had y early in the in the government uota scheme on The UNP took aign in the schools that it launched
was Development was tested out 1пdyап агеа$.
a nationalist-culeffort got stronB's loss of civic As I na ble to furn:ffectively as party ad Place think
campaign must be buld suit her poliand image (I. e.
circumvent the e, organisationaly)
andhi and Delhi liest sources of oblem facing Mrs. ... The political ala-Buddhist (and hic organisational party, as in the gress, but island5” called Wihara itles. As patron, che Country before ress these groups. could be dressed Je, a strictly nonwing nothing to do hose official can
led by its deputy
The planning of this campaign strategy is not considered premature because the SLFP leadership expects elections long before 1983.
Events and trends now keep falling into place, as the SLFP's strategists, despite the divisions at the top, search for another' 1956'
Second Singapore
(i) Whild ceonomic dissatisfaction keeps mounting, the average voter is also getting disgusted by the new life-styles created by the new economic policies; the conspicuous consumption of the rich, the vulgar consumerism or the Singaporization
of Sri Lanka. This is the culture shock'. Increasingly the SLFP (and Left) press is using the slogan
"Sold to IMF" and "Leased to Singapare",
(ii) SLFP activists and sympathisers have been receiving a great deal of material from India (see cover) including press reports on questions asked in the Lok Sabha and Rajye Sabha about Trinco and US interest in special facilities, visits of US Admirals and warships, and articles in the Indian newspapers about US activity in the Indian Ocean, 'sabotaging' of the Indian Ocean Peace Zone Conference etc.
Has the UNP abandoned the strict nomalignment of the SLFP, and mowing steadily to a Singaporean position? This question fits the 'sccond '56" scenario perfectly because of the UNP's pro-US lurch in 1955-56, and Mrs, Bs's close identifiction with the dia (C)Cc3 proposal, Diego Garcla etc. It was at the Commonwealth leaders, fleeting in Singapore in Jan. 1971 chat Mrs. B. singled out Diego Garcia as a threat to peace in the area, and called for the creation of a
(Солtiпшсd ол роEE 5)

Page 7
Barry James
BE atuharities are concerned about drug abuse, race conflicts, "W içler, ce a rh d a r"rT15
smuggling on the top-island of Diego Garcia, which has become
the major U.S. base in the Indian Ocean diplomatic scources 33.γ.
A Royal Navy lieutenant cornmand C and i Cartner Who ar e supposed to cinforce British liv Çin the island ante Lumable to cope
with Epircading llaw lessne55, thc sources said, and the drug proEblem is "out of Harid."
Rampaging construction workers and sailors reportedly hawe smashed up the British club, and the sources - Said two mem rtan amok in thic island's power station.
With its customary concern fer secrecy, the British Eowernment has kept details of thc deteriora ing situa, tipin om Diego Garcia from the public, the press and Farian ent,
Rapid Development
When press cd about the problrm;, 3 Spokesmarı for th a British Foreign Office said, "We acknow.
ܕܐ
DEGO GARCA
ledge there is and We are. Yn "With the An The
The || 5 || iirid 1: as a basic for With Lanks, ar and equipment dcw elopment ir
While U.S., deeply involved th: 2.0urces cause for co authorities is up to 2,000 U. S. technicial
workers for South Korea, under the ||YY Indian Ocean " than under U. pline.
Through the
Na Tatics 3. || reportedly sem Tails" which a us. This self" baggage C's Ci The 3 ou Tçe5 3. U, S. Tı ilitary : rities to contri
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THE MOST VERSAT LE
 
 
 
 

"DRUG RIDDEN”
a drug problem Jrking on it, along icar authorities,"
being prepared J. S. ships cadcd illeгу, аппппшпition for possible rapid the Gulf.
service Ten arte in drug trafficking said, the major id:can for Britis
the presence of ivilians, including 5. Te YoYo G C T T - id Construction the Philippines an di he civilians cote of the British erritories ratner S. military disci
Mails.
A U. S. spokesman conceded that "some i Ilegal drugs hawe been idenitified in the mals', but hic main tail cd the te WY3A5 "C) evidence that sailors on the island has c been seriously involved in drug trafficking.'
Keith Speed, undersecretary for the Royal Navy, wisited Diego Garcia on his way to Hong Kong in December and learned the scale of tric problems facing the tiny British naval dictachment, which is officially assigned ta Diego Garicia as a communiçati corts unit.
"Yes, by all means he was concerned," a spokesmen for the Ministry of Defence said, "We a te closely cooperating with the American military command over practical arrangements for enforcing relevant British legislation."
The United States is Li sing 1d firearms arta Diego Garcia under a Britishthrough the U. S. U.S. agreement signed in 1976. ": not subject to About , CD islanders were cwicted het and in the to Mauritius, which has been vilian employees. promised eventual sovereignty id Britain is aski Lug over the territory, and postal autho
the nails. international Herald Tribune
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丢录 - o not just make copies. 끊
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Page 8
rivate Medical College
he JVP, the symbol of "youth)
student power' in this country, has sent the following protest note to the President, the Prime Minister and the Deputy Minister of Higher Education.
"The present iniquitous and competitive system of education shuts the doors of our universities in the face of the vast majority of our students who have actually qualified for university admission, Instead of attempting to remedy this highly deplorable situation, there are moves afoot to set up one or more private medical colleges. This is a move afoot which leaves by the wayside, lakhs of students who have passed through the so-called free education system. The ability to 娜 exorbitant fees, a very good knowledge of the English language, high aptitude for sports, and a good performance at an oral examination are said to be conditions for entry into this college. The nett result of this is to limit medical education to offspring of the wealthy classes and to foreign students. This government, like the previous one, is engaged in Cutting back on education and in the process, is negating the fundamental right of the children of the working people of this country to a full and free education."
The JWP concludes by demanding that the government halt this class biased, anti people and retrogressive measure of opening a private medical college. It further demands that all who are eligible for university admission should be premitted to do so, and that all students should be afforded equal opportunies to avail themselves of higher education.
SLFP: Umea
(Continued froTI
by Mrs. B, and ev after February st, campaign of canvassin Having been forces. minority in the polit-bureau (17m the obvious tactica her - to mobilise | at the base, and committees. The sumnoning the All of 350, leaves the strengths in the 18 committee an ope it happened, the w met for less tham The explanation is bers were exhaust
The only test the by what went or hours in the first ended with Mrs. E no wote was takĘ measurement is p. participated can 5 | tul tibri liri ter" 115 group response (w lukewarm, indiffel hostile etc) to spe counter-arguments 50-50 say some, and 3rd 23rd Su But the percentag In the absence of choices. The fact ticlans in this CCL. party for more t the basis of almc
-obeisance more
Singapore. . .
(Continued from page 4)
zone of peace. At the Foreign Ministers' meeting in Delhi, Sri Lanka wanted "Diego Garcia' deleted (The suggestion for deletion first came from Singapore)
(iw). The story of drug violence etc.
abuse, in Diego Garcia app
eared a few we c. thousand US m: Colombo when th 'Ranger' called had a front pag these sailors did t and Narcotic5 Bu if they were her (rest and recreatio Saigon "an Amel was R and R, whic kok into a massiv

sy p 3} -n more actively an island wide g was conducted. into a small decision making mbers) she took course open to her support at in the larger urprise move in island cormittee issue of relative strong working n question, A5 orking committee half an hour, that the Tiered.
in is that offered for nearly 6 meeting, which 3's speech. Since an no objective ossible. Thus who only gauge the of indiwidual and arm, sympathetic, rent, non aligned, eches, arguments, and interruptions 40-60 say others ggest still others. e game is futile clearly declared is that few pol|- Intry hawe led a han 20 years on st total obedience than obedience.
:ks before several 1rines landed in le aircraft carrier here. The Sun' a story of what o keep our police reau busy. What * f i R. R." n). Fulbright called rican brothel". It h converted Bangmassage parlour.
NEXT
As usual,
ISSUE
there will
be no issue of the Lanka Guardian on April 15th. The next issue of the journal, a special number, will be published on May 1st, our third anniversary.
Mrs. Bandaranaike has known crisis and challenge and faced defeat, at the hands of her en enim ies. But in her own house she has been accustomed to complete compliance. As in the presence of royalty, MPs and even Deputy Ministers retraced their steps backwards, bowing with the utmost humility. In cabinet and committee room thorny problems were often "resolved" by the simple expedient of a decision to "leave the matter in the hands of the mathiniya."
The days of unquestion ing loyalty arce ower, Rebellion in the rank5 has eroded her authority. For her, the challenge is as much psychological as political.
While the "unity" of the United National party is increasingly suspect, "freedom" has entered the Sri Lanka Freedom party, causing dis unity too.
The SLFP-UNP tro 55-currents of the SLFP "crisis' became clear a few days after March 20th when the CDN reported a speech of Prime Minister Premadasa at Horagolla, the Bandaranaike home. ACCording to the “SUNo Mrs. B. had claimed that President J. R. had told her how several top SLFPers had cncouraged him to deprive her of civic rights. The PM now claims, according to the CDN, that Mrs. B had wanted the President to take action against her ministers and deprive thern of civic rights too.

Page 9
US moves, Pekin,
he appointment of Ambassador
Tommy Koh of Singapore as President of the Law of the Sea. Conference has been warmly greeted In Washington at a tir The when the Reagan administration is not only "reviewing' US Indian Ocean policy in line with 'strategic and economic interests' but retreating on former commitments made by Mr. Carter, As Louis Wiznitzer wrote in the Christian Science Monitor 'the US government has cast a long shadow over the Law of the Sea Treaty which was to be concluded this month." The main reason, writes the Monitor's UN corre5pondent is that "leading American firms intent on exploiting the riches lying on the ocean bottom (mostly polymetallic nodules containing nickel, manganese, cobalt, and Copper) see that too many concessions hawe been made to develo Ping nations by previous American negotiators. They feel that a better deal can be extracted for US interestis from other participants in the conference, Thost of whom possess meither the financia | mor the technological means to engage in deep seabed ITnining.
These companies, primarily Kennecott Copper Corporation, are known to have high-level contacts in the new administration. They feel that the treaty, in its present for II, unreasonably limits the amount of minerals to be exploited (60 percent of the yearly increase of the present world consumption) and puts an excessive financial burden on the US by forcing US fins to transfer precious technology potential competitors. The US is also drained financially by providing funds to an international seabed authority supposed to manage deep seabed resources as "a common heritage of mankind."
Furthermore, some military a dwisers in Washington are reported to feel that "US concessions" on seabed mining in return for the Navy's global sailing rights - which have been secured in the treaty -are not really necessary. They are reported to believe that instead
of signing a Wor US should dea|| || Coastal nations Stratagic conside beer taken inta officials in the in
"By placing the under UN sup limiting our righ We may be losin tunity to help o needed raw That such official.
Until now it : US Navy had ob wanted from the Conference. At a claims of coastal Navy had secure sail and to take out having to c to its rights. " and disregarding eignty entails and even militar. high-ranking We has been a prim conference
Outflanking AS
A Singaporean mãn has re-ag: hardliners who h by the Third W U. N.
Like Thallarıd, of the countri Asia. With Whitcom consultations are F Recently, the U: Singaporean Co Peking hā 5 re-a for military-naval facilities in the States of the Ind regards this as a with serious glo that the end-obj an "outflanking" c. from hic: wėšt. Singaporc hawe a of China's region the need sooner Peking's plans, members do not particularly prop ready to go along of Chino se inten

's aims
| wide treaty, the ilaterally with the
involved. Other lations hawe also account by some
w administration.
lineral-rich nodules er wis iom and by 5 to exploit them, g a unique opporselwes Lo much:rials," says one
ppeared that the tained all that it Law of the Sea time of expanding jurisdiction, the d the rights to up station withefy any challenge Jsing naked force claims of Sowerolitical, economic y risks," says a stern official who e mower of the
GEAN
conference chairEured Washington ate to be "hustled' 'orld lobby at the
Singapore is one 25 in South-east regular top-level veld by US officials, S told Thai and unter-parts that tivated its plans bases and other coastal and island ian Ocean. The US far-reach ing step bal implications in ective seems to be f South-east Asia While Thailand and lways been aware all ambitions, and or later, to thwart the two ASEAN regard the time itious. They are with US estimates ions but believe
that the Kampuchean problem must be given first priority. Consequently, the US is being persuaded to desist from taking any concrete steps to check Peking's moves until a "settlement' is found for Kampuchea, and for this Chinese cooperation is necessary.
E Salvador
"Charges are false...'
As a member of the Salvadoran revolutionary reddership, Rubiri Zamora, 38, has erTierged as a principal spokesman-in-ele for the leftist guerrillas, Two weeks ago he was in the Nicaraguar capital of Managua. And in art exclusive telephoric Interview with NEWSWEEK's Tess North, Zamoru responded to the Redgun Adminis. tration's charges that Nicaragu u arid orher autside méddlers are assistin El Salvador's rebels. Excerpts:
NAMUTH: What are you doing in Nicaragua?
ZAMORA: I am attending a meeting of the political and diplomatic commission of the leading Salvadoran opposition groups to analyze the current situation. The commission is made up of Savadorans only and has no connection with the Nicaraguan Government.
Q: How do you respond to the U. S. charge that International ComTunism has financed your revolution?
A: The U.S. charges are based on documents that are fake. Remcmber, the Salvadoran security forces produced them, and we know they can manufacture fake papers, possibly with CIA help. They are all invented facts to justify the present American Government's political action.
Q: Some Nicaraguan officials admit their country is an arms conduit. Aren't your straining your credibility if you don't admit this is happening?
{Солtiлшcd an page 8)

Page 10
PrYCHODRAMAA EL TALVADOR
CAN I The that I here's method ir he rriadness of ying Presider li t Reagan's presa ge to that of a juri ta in a coffee-beari republic ?
Ir a lash, The El Salvador ji ta's struggle against ,000 guerrillas has been midde front page news. The Kre, Ilir) is foli that fulgful tegor farfairs over P Leclear ar 715 de perlal jy? / If junt I's sUccle S5. Dipolo / P2 a Is for rif? ('cyf' yw'r Finig if i'r 7f i'r de l' er élue y Tor Site l'Îth the L'hrited Sfar es ir til is eifort ir7 va res retributiun, Cuba las lee Threeter1ead V y'it /i blockaule, «7 Y2 (! Mexic"() hi dis beer f hi u xi provoked if I do a show of sypathy for Cuba. A this for El Salwador ?
There cT e ally e rifio al expay a rior. Mr. Reiga fore sees a guick yic fory" o "y" er the gerrillars a "Tad W'arts to advert ise LV. S. Fruscle ήν ηιακIIις απ εκτίθίίία η ύασεία g(Trië ook like J. World Series frir 7 psl.
Disco Facer fi rigly". W is effort recalls our ignored) cal' ice to „Vir777 71 y Carfer" for years Lago: that new presidents shoull der77or75 tra te rheir 777 ech is 710 fr. 7 safely controlled episode, to avoid having to prove it in a costly crisis. For in the logic of II clear deferregg, le Flore cer fairy is Preside is perceived a 5 da rig er og f a go to 1'7 r, the le SS likely it is that he well ever have fo. How they can he prove hil Self? The Bay of Pigs, the slide irrio Vieira arin, I he rescue of the Mayage: la ve al leer el pers in this psychodrama.
Ole car arris I hear the Reagan calculu yo : * If the Urired States is to regair respect, if must rat le a felv dishes somethere. If the Russia is are to he deter red from halling Char troops to places beyond the reach of the United States, then threater (I blockade of Cuba F101', Kylie ? fr'5 not really feeded. If a lies are fo
be Herdei irII a li where they have esis, es le prog Where they ha , jusr particle foi Arferica y reas of irrifluence, dex a Ingraph, Jr. s. ca 777 per is i 77 Y Fae V.
TVe a ry v ro ίς Ι ή II τμίτια να Their par fis irn Wz i s T rf) F7i"5",
Givet the coun i sila a fie e deprive the ger bloc wefapi 075. F arry S slipp F7E77 f. f is reihelior. lefi feeds o Traf Ir car le défet progressive i pol that thie preserit bis 17 s Heer u. aga frist the for al
Tlie jų yra 77 y Yr o ryric ciriad. Prix | { a ir a f the right-irig f ranks, the ories fru fra ing socie Mard reforrni tard il ir fa rebels.
Perhaps the re cobble frage fler e for (o "ge ca's 7 th vere-71'7] i Fire! I i'r rs y possib iris I the les is ! cause with the α λεμος εί αligι Forst possile 5 Με ε.α. Γενη Ε rigι tiri kiirg i hey leds Μία 5ίας ε.
f the preside fo ssay his f Sa s'ador, le hea, The United Sri Ραπίεζει τητα είε και !! Fit Filifs ry F. fμιαία η Ιε ηταν μίλ, He Pas I J 51777-7.

N
Ta' liri sirtu li 77 s rd verge7lf in ferEl Salvalor, 'e lic?fe. Dort's Γκε η Ιε η Γα terrig di shere lare fie carte st Pr 57FerF7 14'er αrliι ανε Γ.
3 le s'if the idea f. F2s, yo 71' 7"
*Sirg 7'
I ry's geography, 5' eri g a rias of Soviet 3Il f}{5e rÉ'{'É'Ir ddiad i roi igrife The Füfalifari, 1 Strid disconten. 7fed o'r lly by a ifical programı jurtla Proclams Tale to defend farian right.
feet Fire ecolavish weapolis ty's regre *** frey Flis !, il f's
η ια αγές ήέει 1ι με τίrε απει "Irrig pesarts
ss Fris) firre se
a terit crafie that Mr. Reagan civil War. If so, le stratég]' [1gaוז?ritזו{{{Tke tr}1{( ?) "iolent agents of archy. And the ra reg y gair 7.s r' , δ Τα είΤμε a U.S. pres fader 7
rf really rears dough72 esis ir] E! ' to prove that fi's cata e perate alliances
spose o Πίίται αΗ αlΙρηgε. for the skill aid
Hmmmmmm =
Farie ice that ray still arrange a recor7 cilia fi op het Heeft The derprocrats who serve with the furia (aw d rohose Who have baledo fo the
ISI gets,
Thiar effort requires 77 a bellicosiry in Vashington but shred diplomacy by all the Caribbear clerocracies, notably Mexico and Vezezela. Vilio ar efective political program. Reagar's Ostentarious strutting if a place of a strategic more it will indeed in press the world, but not in the l-way he interds,
- New York Times
Charges...
(Cantinued from page 7)
A: The foreign arms come to El Salvadort from threg sources — the neighboring Countries of Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Honduras — but without these countries' active support. It is our own underground that brings in arms by any possible means, including truck, boat and plane, To my knowledge, no Nicaraguan official has said they are involved.
Q: Why did the American Govern17 : n t r Eleuse its sig -7 || |ed Wife
Paper claiming outside meddling in El Sally dir?
A: The United States is up to its neck in support for a genocida government and has presented documents as a coverup for continued backing of the Salvadoran junta. fear that this could be a justification for the Reagan government to interwene militarily in El Salvador. It's so similar to what the United States was saying just before its Ġ5 irnerwrition i the Dorm irmiotari Republic. My personal feeling is
great Sorrow.

Page 11
Victims of
the
that the world
David Blundy
OLITAGUARDADC was a Woke
at about 4am by a strange noise, There was the usual sound of the Persistent drizzle Pouring through the roof of closely packed palm leaves and through the walls of mud and sticks.
But outside, across the Sumpul river, she could hear men shouting. Groups of peasants gathered
anxiously in the grey-dawn to watch as Honduran soldiers formed a line on the far bank and ran to and fro, carrying stones from the riverbed, They built a low wall. Only later that day, after her family, friends and neighbours had been slaughtered, did she fully understand why they
were thera.
Lolita, het husband Genaro and their eight children are Salvadorean peasants. They lived, along with about 1,500 others, in Las Aradas, a settlement which lies a few yards
inside the Salvadorean border on the banks of the Sumpul, the frontier with Honduras.
There were few comforts. Lolita was considered fortunate because at least she had a hut. Most of the others lived under trees, with sheets of plastic to protect them from the rain. There was no electricity, no clean water, no medicine, barely enough food and no road. But Las A radas, they believed, had one wirtue. It was so remote that they were safe from the wiolence between the left and the right that wracks El Salvador, They had flod from their houses and land-away from the soldiers, the national guard, the secret police, the right-wing death squads and left-wing guerrillas to this hawen.
That morning a group of 300 peasant refugees, mostly women and children, had arrived after a
three-day trek through the Salvador mountains. Few of them would Survive the day.
The horrif
As Margarita L Pretty 5-year-o tortillas for the Salvadorean soldie Папgoагпy base v up position behir Beside them merg We T2 t'W' || We gunships, each and bomEs. On the Sumpul, 50 stood behind the
El Salvador and : technically stil years, were abou their first Joint miI Salwadoreans ca|| de limpieza"-a c
The decision t attack was mad Honduran sources, between Hondurai military command: town on the bord from Lā5 Arada 5,
The motive w; border area are left-wing guerrilla. the Salvadorean been fighting a b. It is also one of t for arm5 shipmen: and Cuba. The keen to help bec both the war sp their territory and falling into comm
The only flaw that Las Aradas y base. It seems fired in defence there, But for military mind, between pea sant academic: they are Cong and the sane
Also, the guerril support if they

aSSa Cree ignored
ying story of the day El Salvador at on a cleaning operation
-օբez, a bright and ld was preparing new refugees, 300 ars from Chalatgwere already taking ld the nearest hills. ing into the forest, -green helicopter with machineguns the other side of Honduran soldiers İ" SLOTE Wä.
Honduras, although at War after || It to carry out itary venture. The it an "operation leaning operation.
2 carry out the e, according to
at a joint meeting and Salvadorean rs at El Poy, a ler about 3 miles
25 clear. In the the camps of the 5, against whom 'uling junta has loody ci wil war. he main channels ts from Nicaragua Hondurans were ause they feared billing over Into their neighbour Inist hards.
in the plan was was not a guerrilla mÖot a shoot y35 by the people the Salvadorean the distinction and guerrilla is !, indeed, often
Illas need peasant are to ach|awe
popular insurrection and more immediately they need the peasants to provide food and shelter when necessary. For the Salvadoreans this made the peasants a fair military target.
The "cleaning" began at about 10 am on May 4 last year. Margarita remembers a deafening explosion of gunfire which would continue for the next six hours: "the bullets came in fistfuls. They went through the walls of houses, people were falling and cattle were dying. The bullets were everywhere."
Genaro Guardado heard the thud of bombs falling outside his hut. With his 17-year-old daughter, Ernestina, he grabbed five children, all under 12, who were standing outside, and ran, Rosabel Sibrian, a 22-year-old, saw the gunships buzzing low over the trees and heard the rattle of their machineguns. Then he saw soldiers standing round his friend, Amanda Rodriquez: "She begged them not to kill her.
They all opened fire, They shot her || I - year-old son."
The troops had surrounded the settlement. The obvious escape route was across the river into Honduras - that was when the
peasants learnt the function of the Hondurian soldiers.
The peasants 'ran to the river in flocks," said Genaro. It was the beginning of the rainy season and the river was flowing deep and fast. Margarita ran into the water and found it came up to her neck, "Children were drowning. The Sa|- vadorian soldiers stood on the bank and fired at us. My two fr|- ends were killed next to me."
As Genaro jumped in to the water with about 70 people, his daughter Ernestina was shot dead in the back of the head. First he
9

Page 12
Walked, pulling the five children. across to the other bank. He left them there and went back for Ernestina's body. Then, carrying the body, he walked up the bank towards the Honduran soldiers: "They grabbed Ernestina and threw her into the river. Then they pushed us back into the river. We p'e 1ded with them. Begged them They just pushed us, They didn't fire their rifles, but they wouldn't let us through."
He returned to the Salvadorean side to face the guns. “The Salvadoreans fired from the hip and kept their guns low. I suppose they didn't want to shoot the Honduran soldiers. But they fired into the riwr." Those who sutvived the crossing were herded together by the Salwadorian soldiers, who tied their hands and made them lie, face down on the ground. "They beat us with their rifle butts. They kept asking, 'Where do you keep the guns? Who are the guerillas?
"They took groups to one side and machine gunned them. I had my children with me, Then a soldier cut my bonds. I don't know why he did that. But I ran with my children. Only three Others survived".
Rosabel Sibrian, who hid between Some rocks, says the main slaughter took place on the river bank, nelro La 5 Aradas "There werg 50 soldiers and they gathered a big group together. Then they shot them. The people were screaming Those who would not die were beaten on the heads with rifle butts."
He says, and this is corroborated by other eye-witnesses, that the soldiers Were aided by members of Orden, a paramilitar y right -wing group, distinctive in their black shirts with skull-and crossbones insignia. "Some soldiers and Orden people gathered children and babies together", said Sibrian. I saw them throw children into the air and then slash them with long machetes. They cut their heads off and slit their bodies in two". One solidier told the mother of a child: "We are killing the children of subversion."
Sibrian tried to Tum dowristream, carrying his baby son. Soldiers
O
Hist
ra. -a, s', --- - - Filolor=""
chas Cid him ad ; into Sibrian's leg: with my baby a him beside a 5Tal away and crawls bushes, I thought t ki| him.“ But. Im acts of humanity the Salvadorean
they did not. "T up very gently away. Later he: him milk Im a lt hic is in a childre trying to find hir
Lolita was no Just after the fir lt || 0 am, she ha her husband. So -in-law, Angle, i. children, she mad upstream, hiding in the bushes un paramilitary men went for a mile un til the Cordon 1 diers on the opp ended. Then at started to cross
She walked owe had just reached she heard rapid f and folt : "a bu | rm | rm her body, She fel the Sumpul. Her E Water het head re She had been hit in an arc from | the Small of hier passed through he her children lay d)
 

"YOU MUGI BE FROM THE STATE DEPARTMENT. !
bullet smashed *| Couldn't run ny more. I left
ditch, then rolled !d through the he soldiers would one of the few carried out by army that day" they picked him and carried hill ird they bought cal town. I think 2n's camp. I am
n," said Sibrian,
t so fortunate, st bombs dropped ld lost sight of with her brother ind three of her e her way slowly for long periods til Soldiers and had passed. She along the Sumpul of Hondut än 5}osite bank had aboLIt. 4 pm shc the river.
the rocks and the water wher iring behind her g pain" als over | backwards into Jody lay in the !sting on a rock.
by 5 bullets, her thigh across back. On bulgt It hand. Two of ving in the wator
beside her One died quickly-a bullet had passed through his armpit into his chest; the other, shot in tha Casticles, did not, "He lasted half an hour," said Lolita. "I couldn't move. I couldn't comfort him." Her brother-in-law-was dead too. She lay with her surviving child three-year old - Ovidio, clasped to her breast. He had been hit in the leg and the scalp.
"Ovidio kept crying and shouting. He called out 'Uncle Angel, Uncle Angel! Come. Como see my mother, Her leg is bleeding into the water.'" He kept talking to his two brothers long after they were dead. He shouted at them." Why don't you talk to me?"
After dark, Lolita says that occasionally soldiers walked along the bank. She tried to hold Ovidio still and keep him quiet: "The baby cried with pain, but I told him to be silent. I heard a soldier say: 'Hit them. Hit them again." But another soldier said: "I have hit them already. Let's not shoot again. They Will Just die'.
"I had a terrible thirst. The water was full of blood. It was the blood of my children. But
kept drinking water, drinking water.
That night she felt an object bump against her in the river. Then it floated off downs tream.
It was, she says, the head of a child. The next morning a Honduran fisherman pulled in his nets. They contained the bodies of three dismembered children,

Page 13
Lolita lay in the river unti after dawn, when a group of four Honduran men Saw Owidio moving. They crossed the river and put Lolita in a harnock, ther carried her to A Hondurari's horne. It was another 5 days before she received hospital treatment,
For the peasants, the behaviour of the army at Las Aradas was not new, just a little more extreme than usual. The Salvadorean soldiers have a single tactic to discourage peasant support for guerrillas - terror. Lolita and har husband had fled to Las Aradas after soldiers had decapitated some of their neighbours. The heads had been left neatly by the side of the cad to tar Til the les som home. Most refugees have stories of such appalling brutality it is difficult to
believe that is became almost a way of life,
Officially they were all victims
of a massacre that never happened. The government of El Salvador has denied that any killings took place at the Sumpul river on May 4, On June 25, the military leader of Honduras, President Policarpo Paz Garcia, Said on national radio that the massacre did not happen. One of his army chiefs, however, Colonel Ruben Montoya, head of third military region, denied that the Honduran army had taken part, while admitting that the incident took place: "The Honduran troops did not help in the killings of Cİy İliamış."
At first the American embassy in Tegucigalpa, the Honduran capital
told reporters that there was no evidence to support claims of a massacre. But like the government,
the Americans later changed their line, admitting "something happened" at the Sumpus river that day.
At noon the day after the massacre, a Roman Catholic priest from the Capuchim order walked over the hills towards the Sumpul. If he had not, then the massacre might have become just peasant folklore. Father Earl Gallagher, 35, comes from Brooklyn, New York City. He has worked in Honduras for four years. Because of his prematurely grey hair and prowess at climbing be hills, he is known by the peasants as "the old billy goat,"
He isticed tha looked strangely got closer he Ww E rę co wered ir of b Izzards, lr Talquinta he met } 10-year-old boy w in his mouth, thig
"I heard that were com ing b; survivors,' said I had to make haps that would did not help th month later he Honduran army b, where he was, ki
Gallagher retur and tape-recorde the storics of do He could not itself because it by members of intruders. Mear buzzards picked
On June 24, condemning the role of the so Salvador and Hon ed as a Joint : priests of Santa
Gallagher imm death threats c Radio. He was 2xpulsion and co Honduran govern Illinister of fore Perez Cadals, 5d church declaratio well-orchestrated the purpose of Conwiwia and climate in whic Honduras liya."
Gallagher's repor ton, Where the paid attention w;
Kennedy. He ha congressional recc 24, and said: "
cerned by repo hardship and ofte |11OCE, D Thern W: Who try to esca Wiolence in El Sa
But the world tion, inurted perh stories of widenc The Sumpul massa in a few news part of Callagher almost completely A Tierican press a

t thc river banks black. When he saw why. They a thick carpet 1 the village of his fir 5 I 5 Lurvivor", a with bullet wounds h and shoulder,
Salvadorern troops !ck to kill the
Gallagher. "I felt t public and Perhelp them." It he little boy. A fled from the
i k to El Salvador, |led.
ned with a camera
and took dow zem5 of Survivors. visit the Sumpul was still patrolled Corden, Wha ghat while, dogs and the bodies clean.
Gallagher's report Tassacre and the diers of both E duras was Publishieclaratfon by the
Rosa de Copan. ediately received Ver El Salvador
threatered with ndemmed by the Tien L. The thlon ign affairs, Eliseo id on July 1: "The In responds to a
campaign with
destabilising the lighly democratic h the people of
"t reached Washingonly person who 15 Senator Edward d it placed on the 3rd on September I am deepy canrts of increasing 2n death that face Jmen and Children Pe the escalating |wador."
paid scant attenaps by the daily 2 in Latin America. LCre Y35 mentiored Japers Which ran 's report. It was ignored by the t the title, "Our
thing was: it happened, come and hawe a look. And nobody did," said Gallagher.
The misery for the Sumpul survivors and the 29,000 refugees who have fled El Salvador for Honduras did not end on May 14.
"They live in fear," Gallagher said last week. "Their only hope is international atten t|011."
He and other priests hava com
piled a list of incidents against refugees since the massacre. It runs into several pages, a litany
of murder, rape and cruelty.
Hundreds of refugees have been handed to Salvadorean troops to face certaim dicath. In the Han durar Lown of San La Rosa last wack an 8 year-old girl decribed her life in El Salvador, Sh2 |ived Ilear the Honduran border with her husband un til Soldiers Took him away and shot him. She moved in with her four brothers. Last year, Salvadorcan national guards took them out of the house and sprayed them with liquid from cans they carried. "Their skin went black. Their eyes melted," she said, H brothers were pushed into a cornfield and killed with machetes.
Last Week we spoke to Lolita, who now lives with her husband and five retaining children in an adobe huit deep in the Honduran hillside. Life for her is not conwivial. She is afraid, and for good reason. The Honduran government has refused, at the urging of El Salvador, to grant Lolita or the other refugees "status." This means their movements are tightly restricted and they cannot find work. They are constantly treatened with expulsion.
Thera ara also signs Honduran government is more repressive. colleague of
that the growing A Week ago a Gallagher's Father Fans to Milla, was arrested by security men. He was blindfolded and interrogated for three days, He had just returned from a human rights conference in Mexico City where he presented the testimony of Lolita and other Sumpu survivors.
The day we saw Lolita, she had been visited by a Honduran securit man, who thr33 tened her wit expulsion back to El Salvador. "They may as well kill the here," she said. "It's easier,'

Page 14
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Page 15
DELH REPORT - (3)
How the agencie
Mervyn de Silva
page (I 14 para) Delhi 53 ש־ך Declaration deyotes six paras (3 Pages) to the transnational information agencies (AP, UPl, Reuters, AFP and DPA or the "Big Five") and notes that they "tend to interpret events in and disseminate information on developing and nonaligned countries in a biased and prejudiced manner. Misinformation and incomplete and biased information produced by the media of the developed countries have affected the stability and development of developing countries in many respects, Colonial and neo-colonial dependency characterise the organisation and flow of information depending on their narrow predilections and interests'.
The attention paid to this question (South-west Asia, meaning Afghanistan, receives two paras as does South-east Asia) is a measure of the growing realisation since Algiers (73) Lima (75) and Colombo (76) of the strategic importance of the global news network and the danger it represents to the unity and progress of the NAM and the well being of the member states.
If the authors of the Delhi document were challenged for fresh evidence all they had to do was to point to news-agency coverage of the Delhi meeting itself. The narrow predilections and interests of the media giants were so much in evidence that their general performance offered instant support for the non-aligned critics. Whether a Sri Lankan reader studied these despatches carefully or merely glanced at the headlines as some newspaper readers often tend to do his final impression of the ten day conference would prove a fair test,
Singapore's Foreign Minister, Mr. S. Chāna balan was the "mam of the moment", the gallant general leading the "genuinely non-aligned" and the "moderates' into victorious battle against the "extremists" and Li = "Im... ridline mi ili Lants”, the brawe
little (democratic?) the totalitarian G for the first rims meeting, the Sowie fricnids, notably Wi were badly ਹa Wat Cal TT id the be, more or less, image projected b
their global audie or how close to "'message"?
A methodical M produce a studied it was, as secondar would have it, in passages neatly up to 9. But Mr. C neither the fore Prie Minister, Mr nor the literary guru, Mr. S. Raja cessor. Indeed, a la minante altogether, success then ther PR job? Tha Sing have to exert thi of publicity. On it press lays it on. Conferences Weste Who do not have their own countr оп Siпgароге я countries for confi priwa te bricfings e understandable, T harmony of view near-identity of ultimate analysis, Sewe the basic idcological interest: Within the NAM what the western hear and likes to
Afghanistan
All the comic the western pres: Afghanistan. Cert Union with its t -aligned country Y of that controver

es reported
David Slaying oliaths. And so, at a non-aligned It mion and its tnam and Cuba red, while the day. This would the composite y the media to
ce. Hic w true the truth is this
issue has earned only two paragraphs in the final document. Of course, length in itself means nothing, particularly in declarations made by diplomats who are trained practitioners in the periphrastic passage, the equivocal harangue, in ambiguity and evation.
A short sharp paragraph or two could speak volumes. What matters is content and tone. How does
and what the
declaration
r. Dhanabalan did speech; in fact, y school students point-form, its nu Tibered right halabalan showed sic flair of his ". Lee Kuan Yew, brilliance of his ratnam, his prede„ck-lustre perforWas his evident est of a Clever aporeans do not imselves in search is own the Western At Third World rn correspondents delegations from lies, rely heavily .nd like-minded dentia || documents, tc. This is easily here is a perfect Ws founded in a Interests. In the the news agencies economic and of their countries. Singapore says press lowes to circulate"
tion created by 5 Corps was about ainly the Sowjet roops in that non was at the centre sy. And yet this
said
the surprisingly brief thirty line statement on Afghanistan stand up to this test? Here is the key passage: "The Ministers noted with grawe Concern the situation in South West Asia and agreed that it Carried dangerous consequences for the peace and stability of the region. They agreed that the continuation of this situation poses serious implications for international peace and security. In this context, the Ministers wiewed the situation in Afghanistan with particular concern. They urgently called for a political settlement on the basis of the withdrawal of foreign troops and full respect for the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-aligned status of Afghanistan and strict observance of the principles of non-interference."
Far from "criticising", "deploring" or "condemning" the Soviet Union, there is not even an explicit reference to the USSR, although it is hardly a secret that the only foreign troops on Afghan soil wear Soviet uniforms. Why such coyness? In my last article | offered an answer - "the rhetoric of diplomacy coming to terms with the realities of power'.
The key is Afghanistan's neighbour, Pakistan, chairTan of the Islamic conference. At the first Islamic Conference at Islamabad, it was all fire and brimstone, and a holy War (Jehad) against the
3.


Page 16
communist infidel. By the time the UN General Assembly met six months ago, a highly harassed Mr. Agha Shahi, Pakistan's Foreign Mimister, was scon fuissing about frantically, from delegation to delegation, including most of all the Islamic states, persuading them to "soften" any criticism of the Soviet Union, in the interests of "diplomatic negotiations" and a "Political settlemcnt". UN diplomats noted that Mr. Agha Shahi had a one hour mecting with Mr. Gromyko at the Soviet mission. Correspondents reported that Mr. Shahi had emerged from the mecting looking "extremely grave'. In New York, the most widely shared wicw was that Mr. Agha Shahi had been posed a blunt question. Could Pakistan actually afford to play the dangerous game that was being profiloted by the US, China änd the conservative Islamic States Ewer since a Communist regime was established in Kabul, many governments including
India and of course Afghanistan itself, have been convinced that Pakistan has been used as "an operational base' for "de-stabilisation" and "subversion". Egypt's Sadat actually boasts that his officers are in charge of training camps for Afghan rebels on Pakistant scil. The Saudis pour in dollars. President Reagan recently
argued strongly for military support for these rebels and the Colmander of one such rebel group told a press conference that he is in reciept of Chinese light arms, Pakistan was being proded into accelerating this process of de -stabilisation.
Was this in Pakistan's interests? More pointedly, had the Zia regime calculated the risks involved. A self elected "transitional" ruler who promised elections in four months General Zia has obviously over stayed his welcome. The world has Witnessed last month W which dramatised his unpopularity and the isolation of his narrowly -based regime. Pakistan economy is in pretty poor shape and the IMF, under US pressure, has embarked on the biggest ever rescue operation, Exactly 10 years ago Pakistan lost its East wing. Even today its "unity" is suspect and Baluchistan bordering Afghanistan and Iran is the sensitive spot. Last week Iraqi President
4.
Siddai Husse thr the minorities in Ira the Baluchis. (It divisions of the more than a year Baluchi rwalt of At a Delhi pres reporter's questic Bangladesh war lef visibly shaken. W why Pakistan was talk to the Kabul it did with India aft: war Mr. Shahi r 'need we talk at In fact, Islamic del Thaif Summit hold
Delhi meeting w Pakistan was ewe talk to Mr. Bab
"leader of the rul not as "head of g
With one poin million refugees squabbling groups the charad 2 Cf ||::: movement, tht: d: cast on Pakistan Afghanistan situatic intolerable. Thus, adopted an even mc line in private w making strong dema
US option
What burdens Pakistan's foreign the question to Gupta who produc book on the geo-st of this region "T Asia', when he Brezeinski's institut University. Dr. G. at the Centre for in New Delhi. ' planners' he said predicament in wh: as a basic asym regional power rel ther WW2 agree cor wiew, Pakistan see: relationship as a quasi-alliance and no longer in CEN security pact with Pakistan feels nake So she is tempted American option".
Is this becauso militarisation of U. under Reagan an
חם dםuחtiחCu)

'eatened to arm
in and Ilentioned
took several Pakistani army to quell the the early '70s) s conference, a յ*1 about the t Mr. Agha Shahi hen he was asked not ready to government 35 2r the Bangladesh aplied sombrel bout the past". egations to the just before the ere told that n prepared to ak Karama as ing party". and overnment",
it three (1.3) d widge irti 37 all going through lding a resistance amestic burdens by the postin are becoming at Thaif, Pakistan are 'concilatory" while of course inds in public,
has it placed om relations? I put Dr. Ehabani Sem ed that excellent rategic problems he Fulcrum of studied at Dr. at Columbia upta now works Policy Research "Pakistani policy "face a special at they perceive metry in the ationships, Whenot with this the Indo-Soviet partnership or because she is TO and has no the US or China, d and insecure. today by the
of the rapid 5 foreign policy d the massive
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Page 17
Humanising Tour
Jaya ntha Somas undaram
RE O' Grady of the Singapore -based Christian Conference of Asia titled his study: Tourism, The Asian Dilemma, it is a dilemma to which the Asia Partnership for Human Development has also given its mind to. The partnership, a coming together of development centres from both the First world and Asia, has as its Executive Secretary Sri Lanka-born Rienzie Rupa singhe.
The Partnership itself has recently commissioned a study on Tourism in Asia by Dennis Shoesmith of the Asian Bureau, Australia, Tourism is an imperative where Asia is concerned for two reasons: first, because of the phenomenal growth of tourism in Asia, second, because of the wide disparity in incomes and life styles between First World tourists and Asians in the host country,
In the last decade, tourist arrivals in Asia sprang from five million to twenty million, in South Asia, the rate of increase is twenty percent. In the Philippines it is about thirty three per cent. Singapore with a population of
two asd a half million, received two million tourists in 1979.
in Future Shock written a
decade ago, Alvin Toffler predicted that "We shall also witnea 55 a te wolutionary expansion of certain industries whose sole purpose consists not of manufactured goods, nor even of ordinary services, but of pre-programmed "experiences''. Today tourist spending, computed at one thousand million dollars a day, is the largest single itern of world trade.
Big business
Tourism is big business, and the impetus comes from the global companies. Thus as early as 1946 Pan Am set up the Intercontinental Hotels chain, TWA came up with the Hiltons and Scandinavian Air System controls the Sherations.
The development model being pursued by Sri Lanka and the ASEAN countries make them conducive to
tourist traffic. of the tourist ea those employed
service occupatio back to the Firs
The disparities lifestyles between local inhabitant contrast of per OOOOO for the for Sri Lanka.
Prominence is gi order to attract West and Japan. out in the Philipp| ma55age parlours, Manila hawe 10,00 ( ting through the however that thế get only one fift the takings-the proprietors, hotel agencies, pimps, drivers,
In the finał ana also exploitcd to 1 too is a componer tour with little of encounter and ex really is in Asia.
Exposure meth
The Asa Partir Development has work, developing hod in order to A5 distinct from Exposure is a car programme for : the First World. TaxiTTi 5ė ENCOLN wisitors and the country and every 'expose the visi spectrum of Asian
The Exposure hotels, resort c tourist attractions
res. It thus becc more meaningful who want to see Asia.
The local progr: and executed by Aslan Cent es wh

ism in Asia
et only a fraction nings ends Lup with Ocally in tourist
Most of it goes World.
es andוחסint חI the tourist and the reflected in the apita incomes, RS. JSA and Rs. 3,500
ven to night life in tourists from the A study carried mes estimates 500 saunas and bars in | prostitutes operam. It is claimed : women involved to one eighth of rest goes to bar s, police officers, guides and taxi
lysis the tourist is he extent that he it in a packagedno opportunity to :perience life as it
Dd
ership for Human therefore been at the Exposure methumanise tourism. mass tourism, the fully worked out mall groups from Its objective is to :ers between the people in the host attempt is made to or to as broad a life as possible.
discounts luxury implexes, standard and shopping cent
mes a cheaper but xperience for those and meet the real
Innes are planned the Partnerships 2 are already at
work amongst the underprivileged and the marginalised. Thus access to the people and sights that the tourist brochures forget is ensured.
In the interior the visitor lives not in hotels, travels not by helicopter and eats not Western cuisine. more important, their experience with Asians is not limited to the ultrasophisticated who themselves are bored by the shows and sights they have to put up for the foreigners and who ultimately see in the tourist a source of income.
Rather, the Exposure method is an attempt to give the visitor from the First World an insight into life styles, range of values and dignity of Asians, more it socks to acquaint them with the real issues and problems that Asia confronts and also to present the aspirations and hopes of Asians as they seek to find ways and means to deal with their own
lives and societies.
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5


Page 18
The SLFP and P
Laksiri Fernando
r., Wickrema bahu’s Article om “Sinhala Populism" (L. G. Wol
3, Nos. 2 & 3) deserves a reply lot 50 much because of its thought provoking quality, but because of the nature of the questions he raises, i. e. concerning the SLFP. To be more precise, che controversy and rift among the left" has centered on the question of the class character of the SLFP during the last period, and the programmatic attitude that a workers party should adapt in relation to it, and not on the question of the general or political charater. of the SLFP. Orne needs to ewaluate Karuna täitme's article In the light of these two problems.
Karunaratne characterises the SLFP as a populist party, perhaps for reasons best known to him. This charactorisation was first vaguely used by the American political scientist Robert N. Kearney, in his attempt to emphasise the SLFF'; move away from the UNP's "elitisism" towards "populismo". It refered to the SLFP's relitively more popular bage and Banda ranaik eʼ5 demogogy. What Kಾಗ್ಗ LJ Sed as alim adjective to describe the SLFP, Karuma ratne u 5 es as a moun. Hë defines the basic character of the SLFP as "populist'. Then one wonders what he means by populism.
What is populism?
A discussion was held at the
London School of Economics in May 1967 with the main purpose
Laksiri Fernando, din alumnus of Perd deniya Corpus was a meriter of the Wirodhaya' group and its subsequent. organizatiorial fort the (Healyste) Revolutanary CorrTurist eqgLie, whici is better krig won is the "Kır kara Ma wat ha" graLP. He left this group and later joined Edmund Sartiarakkody's Revolutionary Workers party, of which he was a ledding persoriality. Mr, Fernanda who is now an independent Marxist, is lecturer in Political Science at Peradeniya University, He pursued his Post riddle studies of the Liversity of New Brunswick in Cridd. and holds a Masters Degree. He is the author a d standard text on Sri Lanka þolitles.
of defining Populis became a forum on Populism. Th, to define Populis they ultimately f: in a Coherent må had to confront thinking on the xist and the o However, in the to disagree in Since then many and writers hawe expression Popul || expression Populis expression Populis cations that the same as the Russ – TO CLIVET - IT L nected, heteroge and movements. populism has beco in political scienc
Now, Dr. Kar this term and us tai bdness to SLFP and to ju Past, Present and and tactics toward in the process, cwades the basic class character of
His point of d analysis of popul misconception. To oisle, a tiny min dominates the po Society by its abi the petty bourge country". Thus aspect of bourge capitalist society : as the main. He incidental as the materialist methoc take our departu ghty facts of the To be sure the nates the politics c primarily through which ba scd cn tl the means of pro economic power.
parcel of this control thc |decolo, ness of the mas:

opulism
A reply to
Wickremabahu Karunaratne
m. This discussic 1 for many experts ugh their attempt in was significant, led to define it ner. Why? They two worlds" of ubject - one Marher non-Marxist. end, they agreed lefining Populism, political scientists used the English sm, the Spanish no and the French me, with the impliword means the ia Narodnici est yo |titude of unconneous tendencies In sum, the term Tha a hotch-potch e vocabulary.
Jnaranta picks up es it with a cercharacterise the stify the NSSP's future strategy is the SLFP, But unfortunately, he question of the the SLFP.
eparture in the ism is in itself a him "the bourgeority in society, litics of capitalist lity to monoe wre oisie of town and he isolates one ois doinination in and emphasises it emphasises the fundarnertal. The | diciplines as to from the Weisocial structure, Jourgeoisie domiif capitalist society its State power he ownership of ductor, i. e. tha As a part and domination, they gy and consciousios – both of th
petty bourgeoisie and the working
class. In this domination, they primarily rely on their own ideologico-political weapons, i. e. the
mass media and their own political parties not on one party but on several parties, depending on the
15tlē5.
The fact that the bourgeoisie uses the petty bourgeoisie in achiewing certain historical objective (Jacobinism, anti-imperialist nationalism, and Fascism) does not deny any independent political role for he petty bourgeoisie. The Sinhala dominant Ceylonese bourgeoisie, through its alternative party the SLFP, utilized the rural petty bourgeoisi in an extremely "moderate' way within the electoral confines to achieve certain concessions from British Imperialism in 1950's and early 1960's. In the process they openly suppressed and undermined the emerging Tamil bourgeoisie and the masses. The dominant ideology of the SLFP was nationalism and more precisely Sinhala nationalism. Sri Lanka did not experience an independent petty bourgeois movement with any political significance until the J. W. P. was for Ted. Howe wor in Russia, even before the dawn of an indegenous capitalist class, a forceful petty bourgeois movement emerged. That was the Narodinism. It is
Lenin's analysis of this movement that Marxists take as their point of departure in the interpretation
of Populism.
În interpreting populism, it seems that Karuna ratne amalgamates or conflates two notions. On the one hand, he uses the terms populism in an arbitrary manner to line up the SLFP with the Russian Narodniks and the Social Revolutionaries. If this is an innocent academic exercise one does mot need to worry much because there hawe been very many strange theorists who place Russian Narodnism, Pero mism, Castroism, Maoism, Nazism (and even Trotskyism) in the populist category! But when it comes


Page 19
from a leader of a workers party, the equation between the SRs and thc SLFP takes quite a different mceaning.
On the other hand he postulates a pseudo-Trotskyist theory that Narodnik type (populist in a Marxist sense) petty bourgeois movements cannot en tertain a political existence independent from the bourgeoisie, Referring to Russian Narodinks, hic says that 'in effect, populis Tn arisos as an Instrument of capitalist expansion" and referring to the SLFP he talks about populism as the alternative policy of the bourgeoisie in an underdeveloped country". This interpretation of populism is quite contrary to the Lenin's interpretations of populismo, i, e. Narodnism.
In discussing the class basis of Narodnism Lenin said: ' 'it is a protest aga 5 t s erdam (the Old Obisity stra tum) and bourgeoisdom (the new middle-class stratum) in Russia from the peasan ts", the small producers', point of view' and "its content Is representation of the interests and viewpoint of the Russian smass producer, the petty bourgeoisie." On the basis of Lenin's interpretation of Narodnism one can distinguish two basic aspects of Populism: (1) their program is anti-capitalist (2) their social basis is (not the working class but) the petty bourgeois. Because of the contradictory natura of these two aspects of populism these movements are most likely to disintegrate and dissipate through splits, CSpecially when challenged by strong working class forces. This is exactly what happened to Narodrink and Social Revolutionary movements in Russia, Now Wickra mabahu Karuna ratne, who has grasped this aspect of Russian Populism grafts this analysis on the SLFP as a scheme and talk about the "Rise and fall of 'Sinhala Populism", i.e. the SLFP"
It is our wicw that the present dilemma of the SLFP is quite different from the dilemma of a
populist movement.
Leon Trotsky emphasisc.d, as a general rule, that the petty bourgeois movements (i. e. the peasantry) are incapable of achieving and retaining political power. However, there are certa in exceptions to
this norm. As a bourgeoisie vacill: capitalist and th: When the class sections of the to the bourgeoisie become their i is what Karensky Lenin опсе гепа. you scratch the a ries you will fini But you do not Eh SLFP to fim They are the b che difference E and the SLFP,
ment is a sabett ment, whic thic S IoW
Origins of the
Populism is not phenomenon. In countries petty Πη ΕΠΕς ΣΟΠΕΑ Π ΕιΓ of Populism (Na movements are cle from bourgeois : geois movements hawe many comm tain historical movements displa racteristics: these (1) petty bourge talist and (3) r ideology of Popu history. Beginning sorg– runner H2 of thinking runs ewsky to Frantz of populism in S IC SLFP but thc
Given the abo pretation of Pop would dare to e rical development a development W movement except remabahu Karum: bahu Kar Lumara In{ the 'populist' bas the early stages politics. This is
S. W. R. D. Ba the beginning, " politician. He Länka in 1926 at the Oxford Ur the Ceylon Natio with. He organi: Progressive Nati pressure group ' and become the

: class the Petty lites between the 3 Working class. struggle intensifies, populists Capitulate and in the process struments. That " and the SR 5 did. -ked that when Social Revolution the bourgeoisie" red to Scrich
the bourgeoisie urgeoisiel This is between Populism populist moveybourgeois moveLFP is a bourgeois
5LFF"
merely a Russian many peripherai
bourgeois moved represent traits rodnism). These
arly distinguishable Lmd lational bouralthough they do or factors at cerpoints. Populist y three main chaI "ETTET 5 s"E. ls (2) anti-Capievolutionary. The lism has a long g with its lone "Zer, this thread through Chernych Fanon. The heir ri Lanka is mot
JVP.
ve 5t:lted interulism, ma Marxist waluate the histoof the SLFP as ithin the Populist | of Cour52, Wickranco. Wickrella : "İ23. () tr'de is of the SLFP to af Bandaranai ke's sheer man sense.
ndararmåke, from was a bourgeois returned to Sri After his studies iversity and joined al Congress forth
cd h S - tā led inalist Party as a withim the CNC
joint Secretary of
the CNC. He contested a Colombo Municipal Council seat in 1927 as the bourgeois candidate against A. E. Goonesi nghe, the working class candidate and won the seat with the support of the capitalist forces of the arte.
The C7 & d test of any politici diri during this period was the question of the univer sai franch! se and the attitude towards the anti-poppy, - d. the T Ft Li-jirra persa ist Tu Ye Ten I. S. W. R. D. Bandar Trake, while. oppasing the grant frig of universal franchise, stayed away from the Jint J-poppy T70 yerTerit.
It is truc that with the introduction of the uniwersal franchise in 1931, every bourgeois politician had to rely on the people's support In ordert to en ter the state council, In this sense not only Bandaranaike but als bourgeois politicians suddenly
became populist'. The unique feature of Bandaranaike's Political rhetoric was that he spoke for
'' welfarism' on the ore hand and for Sinhala communalism on the other. The decade of the 1930's marked a decisive period in econo, mics and politics. This was the period of the world economic Crisis. The Intensification of the class struggie was one of the main results. The LSSP, the first leftist. party, was formed in 1935 and lt became strøng, Influential, and popular with the Bracegirdle incident in 1937. It is in this year that the Sinhala Maha Sabha wä5 formed under the leadership of Bandaranalike. Whatever their pretended objectives, the actual role and function of the Sinhala Maha Sabaha was to undermine and confuse the class polarisation by means of communal polarisation.
There were no traces of radical nationalism (let alone populism) in
Bandaranalike politics. He opposed the Universal franchise. His slogan was self government under the
British flag! He fam med Sinhala nationalism (-Communalism) in a Period when Sinha la—Tam si unity was essential to achseve indépendence. He whole heartedly supported the imperialist Second World War. He accepted the Soulbury Constitution, His Sinhala Maha Sabha was a constituent partner of the UNP when
( Cori tiri LJ sed pri pidge F.?]
7


Page 20
INTERVIEW - PART 4
JVP’s FOREIGN PI
Q: While clair ring to be a charripior of III Sullied Leninist pretrī ir ieratorlis Jo initially reriaited silent of the Afghanist TII isste and then Conder77 77 el the Soviet i II fer yer iar ir defece of the Afghan revolution. is this Y or cort tradictory? Thier agail of the Les río of Irar
'o ha Y'e taker7 I 5 I rider ''y' ar riKhorreini sance while you conSider the Iraqi Baath Socialist Parly a fraternal Party, You also inply If the saar 71 e fir 71 e far le VVP considers the Fedayeene Khalq, a frafertal part), Brit the Federyeer, I'lı dos e flera 'e fcal line is qui te different from that of your party, le 77 als critical support to Khomeini agains ! the Iraqi's. Does this 71 or expose et a to her
covit radiirriori in your foreign policy μα είίία η : ''
A: The phara se you used in the first half of your question that We Condemned the Soviet interwention in defence of the Afghan revolution requires correction. We did not condemn it but, to the contrary, lauded the Soviet Union for doing so since it was in full agreement with Leninst Proletarian Internationalism. So as to safeguard the precious gains of the Afghan revolution the intervention on the a part of the Soviet Union was an absolute necessity. And it still is. In fact we would lowe to
EE the Soviet Union provide more and more material aid to the
people of Afghanistan and at least some ideological and material support to all other proletarian movements in the world which are genuinely struggling to root out capitalist and or imperialist domination. The true purpose of this kind of Interwention is no doubt to help the revolutionary party concerned overcome the acts of repression or counter-revolution committed by the elements of capitalism imperialism. in that particular country. Yet, in case the said, 'support extends to interfere heavily with the doing of the proletarian revolutionary
B
party, isn't it becomes y et ano the people?
That sort of in thoughts of the whom assistance by no means rel proletarian internat the Soviet Uni of the above na listan that We Lenin newer Wa happen that wa
Cn the question as against the regimẹ cf Khom: there is simply inc
that. Meanwhile, to be our duty tional support
people of Iran fo —bona fide fra edic of it-that they
genuine freedom i with all its aspect tical economic, c. We expected Khalq to guide th towards this goal
reason as to why as a fraternal par
Today it has bec that Khomeini hat the freedom low in [၃ၿမိဳ႕- of Iran W aying his hands power. This is scale fraud but K to curtain himself with a finely wow -work,
Circumstances b urgent task of the to organize the li. order to CY werth i feudal regime of to establish a So. in Iran. But in: this, they end c to the ruling r, sequently, contrib thening the ties c tionary mediawal hawe been binding age 5, We carno ply with this in

OLICY
true that it the Tenace to
trus or into the wery people to as first afforded Jf2521L5 Leist ionisri. It is to on's behaviour Lture in Afgha
are opposed. inted things to
y.
of Iran, we aro feudalist clerical 2il i 15 can bic, question about
WE Com5ider It to end
шпсопіto the militant r it is freedom
m, nota travesty all crave for. By s meant freedom s within it-poliultural etc, etc, he Fedayeene a le Iranian people and that is the We treated it
Ly.
Dme quite evident been misguiding g thoughts of the
with a view to upon the ruling no doubt large
...homeim i com tirm Lue5 and his doings en religious mesh
eing so, it is the
Fedayeene Khalq ranian masses in Tow the Cleric, &horTëini and ther :ialist gow'ernment stead of doing :ritical support ogue and, conte to strengof bondage-reacdictatorship-that
the people for t Possibly conthowe of theirs.
Our party, however, considers the Arab Baath Socialist Party to be a fraternal Party and support it because we see eye to eye with them in struggling against the US imperialism, Zionism and all their agents to free the Arab land. We believe that the Arab Baath Socialist Party is acting in accordance with a gen Luine anti -imperialist programme of work which is quite capable of leading the Arab Socialist Reyolution to victory. Further, we do not observe any contradiction in QUr foreign Policy postulates, as you depict in your question,
O. You relief fly characterize The Sfares of the socialist cont'r' 'li'' as degenerate | deformed
Workers states, states ruled by a pa '75 i rico da y el privilege'd ha regrafic straf uin vhsch has to be overthroll's by Fies is of a political revo/14 ffo ?2. Ye! (?I oc"car sic 7I.5 j"oLu (7/soa refer to these countries as "socialist". For instance the October, 1978 iste of Niyarmy's de scribe s The Soviet Union as "the nasr powerfill socialist courtry'. I this or
ir consister What is your real Post αν :
A: The relations of socialist
Production established by the socialist revolution in the said countries åre Wery Tuch in existence still. Therefore, we treat these countries as the ones that represent the socialist community. But those in authority in some of these countries hawe clearly deviated from the Socialist path and assumed bureaucratic positions. That is why we rightly state that they belong to the parasitic and privileged bureau ratic straturn and that this infringement of genuine socialism can be done away with by means of a political revolution.
O' The Nover her 1979 issue af Girl i sila 1'a describes the JVP 75 "We "Lda 77 kar 7 de ach rimer 7 Y cyf" The 14'Cor'la pro le caria revolutio Tary F7 Try: "I'lı ile flie April i g&FC) i 55 Lule of the same paper speaks of the Need so form a World Communist Party'. The lessage you took to


Page 21
the Irrerario al Yo II Conferencd LLLLLLLHHLGL LLGLGLL LLLLLLL LL LLLLLLLO LLS S SSLLLLLLGLGLL LLL LLLLLLL S LLLLLLLLSS national”. Doesn't this refect a Trotskyist type of undifferentiated goals which overlooks the las' of Irever developmer ad the rela five au for carry of the 77 a fiori -state (i. e. the political instance?)
A: No, it does not reflect any type of an undifferentiated globalism. In Sri Lanka, we build a proletarian sevolutionary party based on the principles of Marxism-Leninist. In fact, We want to unite and work together with the MarxistLeninist howerments in the Indian sub-continent and the World over. We Towe for wat d with the intention of resurrecting and rebuilding the Third International.
We hawe a right and a nationlist daty
clear and definite
proletarian inter
to fight against. opportunism and also against those who turn towards that marsh, Those who Want to lean on and to share with the other schools of thought other than Marxism-Leninism hawe complete freedom to jump into that marsh. It is the duty of the proletarian revolutionary party to clearly and definitely counterpose internationalism in deed to internationalism in Words, at a time. When all revisionists and reformist5 5WEär by internationalism and call themselves internationalists
Today, where, social chauvinism and centrism reigns over proletarian internationalism, the distinctive feature of the genuine Proletarian internationalists is the Complete break with social chauvinism and Certist.
If we hawe succesfully and mercilessly attacked our own "Petre Sows' and our own "Chkeidzes and |seretellis', violated the 'socialist family discipline' destroyed "Unity' with the centrists and chauvinists and gone against all of them, then we are happy of being so, as these acts show that we alone represent socialism in Sri Lanka, the proletarian Cause, the proletarian rewo
lution. All the rest is a 'stinking Curse''. When the existing "socialist camp does not completely
break with social chauvinism and the third International was dissolved
Ey the orders fri Trotskyite type c globalism overlook un even developmer autonomy of the
agit to rebuild til national, ie, thic '' party and to ide the "Lankan de: world proletariam
No, it is defin agitate for the ir "internationalists i alone represent internationalists II
The socialists be few in the w does not matter Isr"L it 50.
Q. At the corn ing of the April Stig a fhada sa S Fol is safe
a 'e , a stra leg the 5 ocialis ! 3 f'Ta' f'iT' ),PES. Ιε μια τι ίση δε μυ tactical difference the Socialist star positions, bit a riviti tiera ? I period Pou 11'er C2Fe fy Ffa'r 7, sirnice the Afgha See to give r 3" FEFEFF I) isolated ace čJrrecť?
A: We 5 trict for LIS no stri possible with regimes that ha degenerated in bureaucracy. not based on p. tionalism whereas They hawe often are nationalistic and, therefore, propose to h alliances With think that We tactical Ones.
We hawe begin very close to th of such social Wietnam, Laos, etc., to all mili bating reaction, CCC., and e Yen Countrios like Ea:

om 'abowe is it' f undifferentiated ing the law of it and the relative nation-state to h e Leninist InterWorld communist tify ourselves as Each ment of the revolutionary"?
itely not so. We ternational of the deed' and they
the revolutionary
if this type may world, but, that
In the long-run.
FP7e W77) roTTj? 77 Fear - Ffruggle Me If
ita di 7 in 1979 fie WPP at J. allier ces vit h fra les hur or y
ey o Shal via If the oppositee ie. 25 (if af alı) 11'i İlı es foreigh policy „stra tegic al lia 77 c'e "i f /he I 978— I g7g e dra Wirg very ia and Harai, but "Tist (Iri is. He J'a II dra y Tiway and the fir ferrucificori a lly gair. flis
y maintain that tegic alliance is those 'socialist' ve transparently to the abyss of Their strategy is rolestår lan interra
ours Veritably Is.
prowed that they
in their approach
JWP does not awe strategical them. Still We
| Cam Tnaintain
|- and still are - e Working peoples |st LLIntries ä5 Kampuches, Cuba tant peoples commperialism, Zionism to the people of ; t Timof who haye
been - and still have to-struggling completely un noticed and unaided by the so called 'powerful socialist states. If at all WC are internationally isolated now (we are not, not in the least) as you crudely presume in you question, Well, it is because we are tr Lully against opportunism, imperialism, aΠd capitalism. It irrefutably proves that Yye are proletarian internationalists at heart and this, the proletarian movements the world over will perceive sooner or later".
The SLFP . . .
(Cortir|ued fram þdFe [7)
םti hחם
the party was formed became its wice-president. It is also Important to note that in 1947 Bandaranaiko attempted to form an alternative bourgeois government under his leadership with the support of the left. After the failure of this attempt, he became a key Minister in the first UNP
cabinet.
Bandardnake and his Sinhala Maha Sabah 7 represented not a
prototype, but a caricature and a mockery of d "natioriaľ bourgeoisie". From its inception, the nationalist Taygman L. in Sri Lanka which Was the political instrument of the emerging native bourgeoisie, W characterised by its conservatism, The native bourgeoisie was overwhelmed by the comprodore sections, which Were based on the plantation and merchant capital. This Wä5 in contrast to the Indian situation. In India the nationalist mowe ment was dominated by the emer. ging industrial bourgeoisie and the movement was partially "anti-imperi alist'. The national bourgeoisie, if one can speak of, was in an embryonic form during the period of pre-independence Sri Lanka. They were within one and the same movement with the compra dore sections of the bourgeoisie. Their differences in the political arena were wery thin, Their feeble voice Was articulated from time to time In Sinhala BuddhIst rhetorie (Dharmapala and Bandaranaike) which was not entirely uncommon even among the compradore politicians (D. B. Jayatilake).
(To be continued)
9


Page 22
BETRAYAL OR S
H. A. Seneviratne replies to Dr. Carlo
=: the standpoint of the class struggle, I am inclined to think
of Dr. Carlo Fonseka's reply (L. G., March 1, 1981) to my review (L. G., Ferbruary 1, 1981) of the film on Dr. N.M. Perera, as a congenitally weak defence of the policy of left opportunism. Laid bare before Cur own eyes are the results of such a policy followed by his party-the LSSP-"and others of their political ilk". That policy of left opportunism led to class collaboration and finally to the very destruction of the once powerful T55. Witt f country. But Dr. Fonseka refuses to see what is clear as broad day-light. He will in all probability continue to be so. Such is the psychology of oppor tunism, which will form a part of the resistance, along with that of bour
geoisie, to the victory of the masses led by the working class,
Dr. Fonseka refers to what his party did in 1964 as "the LSSP's strategy of working with and through the SLFP for the attainment of specific political objectives." If so what are these "political objectives"? Have they been "attained"? Is there any resultant improvement in the quality of life and living conditions of our people or has there been any political advancement in so far as the
Working class and its allies are concerned? On the contrary! If, on
the other hand, by "specific object tives" is meant the under-cutting and the undermining of the SLFP, in order to gain political hegemony for the LSSP, behind the backs of not only the SLFP but also the people, it would make even a political simpleton Smile disdainfully. For it was the position of the LSSP that was undermined to the corel
As far as I can see, feel and understand, that kind of strategy can only
O
be a "strategy"
working class ar. "strategy' will
defilemcem of ee' takes, be it politi This wiew of min after I saw the Dr. N. M. Pere the patronage of
For C. Fonsek faction that left 1964 split could way among the the LSSP's correct him "chic yerdict infinitely more ci "thar to tha LSSF the LSSP has, ther correct political admissilcm. In this quoted here tha: tory has been cru Even so, that st lack of any scientil his although the assures us that Scientific method sing it"!
The reasons th and the splinterin the faction that I the 1964 split a those that led to t LSSP. But many c not unconnected all-pervading deca The faction that with them a burg with jealousy and was sy Tiptomatic e bling and decadent and the complete breakaway factior way justify or E heineousness of th
The kind of thi to be going on Int men like DT. Fon5

TRATEGY?
Fопseka
of betrayal of the Id its allies. Such a ultimately cause a verything it underal, social or Cultural. e was strengthened documentary film on ra, Produced under the LSSP.
a, the fact that the the LSSP during the not make any headmaascs is proof of t political line. For of history has been ruel" to that faction " and by implication efore, followed the ine. There is a tacīt Statement that is t the Werdict of his. el to the LSP too. atement betrays a fic Thethod of analylearned professor he has learnt his by actually "practi
nåt led to the decay g disintegration of 2ft the LSSP during te different from he downfall of the if those reasons are with the intrinsic, y of the LSSP itself. left the LSSP took ta u cratism wrought cut-throatism that of an already crumparty. The collapse : break up of the does not in any Yen mitigate the he LSSP's betrayal. nking that appears he minds of gentleeka shows to what
extent his party which once had a working class base has now become Ut terly petty-bourgeois and Putrid. Behind such thinking is the urge to preserve the "status quo" under the existing capitalist system whilst pretending to stand for its destruction.
That kind of shameless opportunism will use every religion for its own purposes. Practising one's religion is a private affair. Dr. Fonseka says that Dr. Perera was a good Buddhist. It is not for me to challenge anybody on that score. All that I say is that by 1964, Dr. Perera and party had com. pletely lost faith in the class struggle as the force that brings about the ultimate victory of the working class and the emancipation of the masses.
it looks as if Dr. Fonseka, the secmingly untrained politician he is, does not understand how political conclusions and inferences are drawn from given facts at a given time,
One can indeed be a "detector of the feeling of the masses" if one identifies himself with and learns from them. I would
not hesitate to conclude that as far as left opportunism is concerned the people hawe begun to understand it through experience and to laugh and marvel at it, from whatever quarters it may Come.
What has to be carried forward and linked up with the present and the future is the class struggle which the LSSP had given up long before Dr, Fonseka became one of its mern
This task of "strategy" of opportunism with the
berg. replacing the
strategy of the class struggle Can only be done by a new party with a new leadership.


Page 23
The Plantation and
Village
L. Shanthi Kumar
Jaint Secretary, Magya7 ha, Makkal lyakkarri (Plantation People's M:
the village community, which existed in Sri Lanka prior to Western colonial civilization, one can recognise element:5 cof organised traditional society,
The original village before such colonisation was a feudal society with an appropriate economic and social institutional environment for such a system, which is also termed as a self-sufficient economy with little cxternal trade contacts.
The economy was essentially a subsistence agrarian cconomy with ancillary crafts and occupations supporting the primary economic activity which is mainly food production of the community, Resource allocation and the division of labour were institutionalised through the caste system, which in turn became a dominant factor in influencing the power structure and the system of ideology. Religion-Buddhism - was accommodated into the structure with a dominant role both in power structure and ideological system of village communities.
With the process of colonisation of the coastal areas of the country from 16th century onwards, the village economy began to be expo. sed to a new system which caused gradual changes in the nature of socio-economic relationships. This process was geared towards further qualitative changes in the rural economy with the advent of British occupation.
A proper study will have to be made to UnderStand and evaluato the processes and nature of changes of this transitional period. The new powerfull element introduced to the country's economic, structure is the plantation system of production. It is not the absorption of lands alone to the plantation which disturbed the nature of self-sufficient economy of the village but rather the drawing of such a traditional system into the new monetary economy with wested interest in alien metropolitan centres, It should be viewed through the nature of merchant capital of
which plantation
pect. Abolition
system helped th tion process tow economy and c economical and ac turcs and Centri interesting to Int the rura| elitę5 i which in turn halı changing the natl sufficiency of the
The developme political economy introduction of and which was Independence, intr tutional arrangem develop the vill: total national sys' of welfare measl mode of hidden village economy. free health së measures in food sumable item5 impact on the ru was reflected in measurable com the increasing O of mortality and rates, increasing etc. in the villag this, direct meas to improve the by way of dewi tructure, transp. of water tanks, new agricultural also necessary to mediate process filtering system net flow of Such ma.5 525 at the bc. village communiti of the ole of a tu Te5, me W institu such as co-opera other institutions activities and with political inst to understand t the new willage
The new willag mot be ewaluat understanding th

the
errent
becomes one asof the Rajakariya 3 labour mobilisaards the Toney reation of new ministrative stric|tt will be ote the role of this new process di its influence in re of the sclfvillage economy,
2nt of the new followed by the universal franchise accelerated after 'oduced new instients to feed and ge units in the tem. The growth ures in fact is a cash input to the Free education, rvices, subsidiary and other Conhad a practical rial economy which the improvements laratively through literacy, reduction infant Tortality of life expectancy, es. Apart from ilures were taken agrarian economy sloping of infrasr., rehabilitation and introducing methods. It is study the interagencies and the to measure the
measures to the
ottom level of the cs, A. re-wallation drministrative 5 LITLUCtional arrangements tive societies, and linked with agrarian their relationship tutions is necessary he emergence of economy.
e economy could ed fully Without o estate or the
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Page 24
plantation cconomy. The degree of impacts is mainly decided by the proximity of the plantation areas. For example, greater impact both actual and emotional could be observed in the villages in the central hills than in the villages in the north Central, north Porn Coro eastern province,
It was with the introduction of Coffice in the 1820s by the British that plantation agriculture came to be established on a significrat com
mercial scale, With that a new Sct of economic relaticorns begär to cwolwe.
The factors of production, land, labour and capital were put to new uses at a level of productivity much higher and different than in the past. The estate economy with a high productive system aimed at super profit demanded a labour system which could serve such a purpose, wiew the disfranchisement of the majority of the people of Indian origins in the plantation is
a political move to facilitate the continuance of the indentured labour system aimed at super exploitation of the plantation workers. Thus, as far as the
plantation workers of Indian origin are concerned, the political independence of 1948 is also a change of colonialist into the ethnic or internal colonialism.)
The problems that emerged from the aboliticn of slavery were overcome by che indon Eured labour systern decorated with new codes
and legal terms. Yet effective eller Tents of the slavery SγεταΓης continued within the indentured labour systems introduced in the
estate sector. It is no accident that manу ріопеer plantег5 happened t be former slawe masters and army personnel. Thus, in the estate even today, we find the system of "barrack lines' and 'parade system' which have not only structural but :ಗ್ವಿಣ್ಣ: links with the supposedly discredited slavery system (by the modern civilization).
The creation of estates around traditional bound villages created an alien atmosphere. The majority of the names of the estates were of British origin. The immigrant labour trapped to be indentured labour system in the estate were ethnically, religionwise, and culturally
alien to the indige The estates Were : cally and organisati
This characteris sense of Separa tenes S of the society. Its i5olation and homo estate community, a internal structural of the fact that in economic relations estate management worker generated b system, the intere are of a contradict the CState Set u| de weloped by tha the management overwhelmingly dom control over all asp of the worker cc migrants in an alii: the workforce was plantation. This cor mot fail to utilisa Walus among the Creation and defence system and Cas CC planters provided : of such strategies.
The contra is
employ Tent, it enc aspects of life anc high degree of depi ship within the
in westor it is th planter to see that labour is in phy dispose his work. the estate organis distributing essent and providing ho and health ser wice: willage set up, th not eme."ge fror policies but rather f of cost of produ. kept to the mit with minimum cos volume of the pr
Many seem to by the legal measur comparatively earl Brlitish like the Ordinance etc. TI cation of such : exposed even in the With all such Or, the estate sector th r 37 lities to W|te: implementation of
(Continued in

naus Sinhalese. lso technologi2nally different.
tics created a from the rest characteristics of gencity of the So shows crtain features based the social and between the and the Estatę y the productive st of the two iory nature. In 2, the system British enabled to acquire aп inant position and its of the life mmunity. Being שחEווחסrוץיחם חצי
captive to the ntrol system did the traditional migrants. The of the Kangany system by the good example
not confined to Dmpasses various thus creates a 2ndency relationestate. As an e duty of the : this indentured sical fitness to For this purpose ed a system of ia | food Iter T5 using, education i. Unlike in the es e actiwities do Til the welfare rom the policies Iction and th Luis imum standard t to increase the ofit margin.
be carried away e5 introduced in a er period by the
M3|| Wilts he practical impliicts are to be 2 present context. dinances and Acts 1TC YW 5 out CT til is the nature of such Ordinances.
next issue)
HUN AS FALLS HOTEL
ELKADUWA
WHERE ELWERY
PROSPECT
PLFASES . . . .
RESERWATIONS
PHONE: 3 89 A
12 II, SIR JAMES PEIRIS MAWATHA
COLOMBO ,


Page 25
already exists
Letters. . .
Continuied frarri pide l) the Walidity of a political line is: does it work
Dr C05tain de Vo 5 Kollupitiya
El Salvador
When Peru severed diplomatic relations with Cuba on 30th. December 1960, it was announced to the world that there were "authentic documents" to prove Cuba's involvement in Peruvian internal affairs. Philip Agee, then a C. I. A. officer, had this to say after fifteen years about those "documents" in his famous book "C. A. Diary".
But it is also the result of a Lima station operation in November. The operation was a commando raid by Cuban exiles against the Cuban Embassy in Lima which included the capture of documents. The Lima 5 lation inserted among the authentic documents several that had been forged by T. S. D., including a supposed list of persons in Peru who received payments from the Cuban Embassy totalling about 15,000 dollars monthly....... Another of the forged documents referred to a non-existent campaign of the Cuban Embassy in Lina to proTote the Ecuadorian position on the Rio Protocal."
Here the 'station" refers to a. I. A. and "T.S. D." to Technical Services Division of C.I.A. Philip Agee Served the C. I. A. for many years in Latin America
Siwa Subramaniam Kondawi
Where's the Action?
In the issue of I5/02/98 II of Lanka Guardian Dr. Colvin R. de Silva in his article on The way to the Future states, "thus the urgent need of the day is a broad united front of the political parties which can work together to prepare the massess to demonstrate in protest against the government's ever spreading attacks on their living standards and om their democratic rights, The nucleus of such a front in the Five
Party arrangem agitation and ac mass issues'.
lt was at the f the Five Parties su LSSP and held at quarters on 08/06, representatives : raised precisely tl
joint agitation agreed mass issl. Parties did not agr the NSSP repress drew, stating the willing to partic agitation and act mass issues" and Would be contact of any proposal fo Thereafter the LS vene any meeting of Joint action o issues. The LSSF metings summore
on O59BO an
July 1980. The participate in th 08 Of|| 980 5urThrr
LSSP; and the LSSP pate in the meetin the CPSL. Only th Plated irin both IT view to discuss
Moreover at a jt the JTUAC and held on 1908 parties rejected in posal for a day's S observed not onl Jaffna, Kandy and as on 08th Augu: out the country regard to the Da to be held by th | | | || 1980, the informed the JTU that the time was for such actions. Or so far they have not nate proposals for
We also know leadership behave of St Octob". leaders were Intru ta ining the SLFP ra did a good job to UN PI
Finally if there on agreed Tlass is: T1Cre Parties, the there,
Colombo 2. Osw

ents for joint :tion on agreed
rst meeting of mmoned by the the LSSP head980 that thic
of the NSSP 1e question of and action on es'. The Five
ge. Therefore 2ntatives withwere always :ipate in "joint ion on agreed I hoped they 2d in the event r joint action. SP did no Corfor a discussion n agreed mass ignored the d by the CPSL d the NSSP (CPSL did mot Ie meeting of oned by the did not particig sum moned by Ie NSSP particieetings with a
Cilt til.
pint meeting of olitical parties 980 the flyg Writing a Proatyagraha to be y in Col-Tbo, An Luradhapura it, but throughFurther in y of Protest he JTUAC on Fiyo Pätie 5 AC in writing not opportune the other hand made any alterJoint actions.
how the SLFP d on the eye Majority of the men Call i cornk and file and behalf of the
is Joint action gues by Five or NSSP will be
Fin Fernando.
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Page 26
How the agencies ...
|'.crifir|u cd fram. Þage | {}
build-up of military power, especially in this a réa? In Dr. Sen Gupta's opinion, American credibility was at its lowest under Carter. Whereas he added India had confidence in the consistency of the Indo-Soviet relationship, no government could completely rely on American support when the risks were really high. The only question, in his view, is on what terms a new US Pakistan special relationship Can Է Ը built,
While the basic imperatives of Mr. Reagan's foreign policy are not too hard to discern the aggressive posture and the new stridency in tone will probably outlast any initial reverses and shocks in Central America, within NATO etc. It is still quite blurred however on specifics, such as special bilateral relationships. Policy is still taking shape, Undoubtedly, Washington would like to fit Pakistan firmly into the larger pattern of US strategy in the Indiam Ocean area. But what price will the US be prepared to pay Pakistan for a renewal of alliance which withered away in the late '70s? How much economic assistance? What Sophisticated arms to 'modernise' Pakistan's military. An acceptance of Pakistan's nuclear arbitions?
This of course would only reinforce the Indo-Soviet relationship. That i think is the "predicament' which Sen Gupta had in mind.
Regional role
In any case, my own impression is that a re-armed Pakistan with an alliance-based foreign policy would assume a regional role that would have more of a westward than a sub-continental tilt. Hence all the public palaver about Islam,
Islamic state, Islamic ideology, Islamic law etc. meant obviously för the consumption of Saudi Arabia
and the little sheikdoms all petrified by the popular upheaval in Iran and the downfall of the Shah. The funjabi generals, the pukka sahib civil servants, the US-educated technocrats and the Karachibu. essen have far more respect fo
Saudi Toney and US F-15's than for the Holy Koran. Pakistan is far better substitute for the Shah in the now vacant role of regional
고
policemen than S. military missions (: and men) in we|| Çuri tri E:5 åld i Ha5 in helping local ru tion mowerments Dofari front, and Palestinians, for ex Carl offer the US local support for th Interwcntion i SL Forci
If Washington SLJch in witing oppor bad's policy-maker Stage may well ads må y not please W Pakistan could corn Afghanistan and Ind the Soviet Union. It's capabilities are limited for Pakista roles in the Gulf as in the North wisand India.
Since everything i. board, so to say, bot and In Islamabad, | LI CO2 rtà i arid Cuti much-tested skills that was far from In transigent. That is Declaration on Af very Fittle cause fo -Congratulatory cheer media.
The te was the re withdrawal of foreig the right of return refugees and the phraseology "the nor Ples of peaceful respect for so were independence, territ and non-interwention ference in the inter States'.
But thos a who kne CON FICTā tiems of th, their contextual me: terms of the diplom Which Went on In t mittees) understand that if "foreign troc -it"Writio' are 'unmictionable'" USS ference' is a conce Indian view. As I sai Indian position is tha causes of the Afgha the interference in internal affairs by US, China, and some Operating wia Pakistar
Next: Kam

Ldat. It has had advisers, officers
Qwar“ 3 dazèr
the experience lers crush libera(In Oman the in Jordan the :ample). Thus, it the пессssагу 2 new Arrican
affords Pakistar "tunitie5, lslama5 in the next pt a course that lishington at al. 2 tO ter" 15 yit ia, and indirectly force-projection too inherently I to play active region as well |-wis Afghanistan
5 on the drawing h in Washington "Mr. Agha Shahi, ILIS, U5 ed 3 || His to play a role
Pro Wacati we or
why the Delhi ghanistan gawe ir all the self 's of the wastern
-ferance to the
gn troops, and of the Afghan 2 e incantatory
|-aligned princi
co-existence, ignty, national orial integrity and non-internal affairs of
XW the precise :3 termi 5 3rd In ing (i. e., in atic exchanges -וזaim corוח hQ only too well ps' and "non ferences to the R, "non-intor55ion to the d before, the It One of the In problem is Afghanistan's Outsiders, i. e. : Islamic States
.
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