Page 1
SPECIAL TO THE L. G. TRIBAL
LANKA
(} {
May 5, 1988
Vo || || || No. 2
Exclusive: What brou.
- an Israeli s
Sri Lanka - Gen. Walter’s
How Mossad murdered A
That was the JVP
- the UWP's
S. Pathiravitaina: Who will fight
Reggie Siriwardena: Bukharin
Douglas Allen: Another look at
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

REVOLT IN INDIA
– Arwind Das
ght Mossad here ? scholar's revelations .
- Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi
sub-contract - Jane Hunter
bu Jihad - colin Smith
- Eric Silver
“Accord' that was
succession War
- Mervyn de Silva
: for the Sri Lankan peasant ?
surviving the silence
Iran-Gate

Page 2
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Page 3
ANOTHER UNIT MOVES SOUTH
Proscription or no Proscription, Commander-in-Chief JR is keeping his powder dry. Last weekend, a new unit of the Combirted Services moved out of barrocks. Its destination - the Southerr7 Province, where the government is ready for a full-Scale bottle by June 9, the day of the provincial polls,
President JR has been planning his polls like a military campaign. Once It was clear that the East was not peaceful enough to fod the North-and-East elec
tion required by the Indo-Sri Lanka
Accord, he decided to have elections in the sever predominant ly Sinhalese provinces. But the JWP stepped up its own dried attacks on UNP stalwarts, district organisers and potential candididates (UNP and USA). In the light of these spectacular JWP 'strikes', the armed forces would have had to be spread out over seven provinces, and spread out thin.
The C-in-C picked four of the less disturbed dreds to defend, and to test also the JWP's capacity for deployment, its territorial reach, manpower drid fts аг:enaІ.
From both a security and a political point of view, the provincial polls, despilte di relaEvely poor turnout, represented 0 psychological victory. Then he decided to have the Western Province, and the South, the JVP bastion, om different days. In short, he has picked both the place and time
for the big battle. The JWP replicid with its daring raid (for the second time) on the
SLAAF base, d s Luperb operatori, rict only in terms of dra matcally enhanced firepower but of the newly acquired communications equiprTerit, communications by the way being one of the secrets of the LTTE's success.
So, another Lyrift mioy es Sa Lith.
PROVINCAL POWERS
How much power does a
Proyfrics Councial need? It is
depends on Central governm exercise fin dewa tralISOtfon to Wt
Last week, 37 passed on to tr. g0ாg throபgh ceremon les of business. The : irrigation works, provincia tanks and ferries, exc a cultivated state plantation sa ve Teach ing Ha: l-pi Lurpa 5 c Tnedica reyer Lie-credini The rist ere: fer of the powe for matar vehs todd y tapping.
Si RIMA
ST
A few days Working Corri (Jn experts, gru JR could contest and serye a t Bandardinal ke of Ot Katugum pola Welcored the
Jy J. Prs W dr. National Sec Athւյluthmլյdր|| to bedt' she
(Continue
GÜAI
WI, 11 No. .
Fre
Published
Loka GLardian
|g. 24.
COLO
Fúsi f: ME
Taliaphr
Printed by 82/5, Wolfridh
Telůph

low honestly a ent wishes the ution dnd decenHrk,
functions were le four P.C.'s row the preliminary getting down to Swers lric|| de ull other thus snterdrid dan 5, rods ept trunk routes, and other [h] ni ք, ը// hospitals, spitals and special Institutions. In the g areas, perhaps sting is the transr to 55 Life li Ċrie3
tles, towerins arid
ON THE OMIP
before the UNP 'ttee was told by Lup that Presiderit the next elections hird terril, Mrs. ened her campaign Earlier she had NP ser 5 Miser Produ 5 urity Minister Lalith "would be har der Jiddeld.
TRENDS
LETTERS
Oth Anniversary issue
I, as one who has collected each single issue since its inception, and as one who ha5 Occasionally contributed to its columns, take pride in saluting the Lanka Guardian or the 10th anniversary of its Publication. It had weathered many Storms of political social and economic changes that swept accross the country during the first decide of L S existence. It had remained steadfastly loyal to the accepted principles of reporting and commenting. While being fiercely critical, it was fear lessly objective. The Lorika Guardian remains the guardian of Principles of justice and the watch-dog of national interests, I wish it many years of ser wilce to the People and the country,
E. M. G. Edirisinghe
1 քո բaքe 4) Weliреппа
ROAN CONT ENTS
May 15, 1988 News Background 3
The Region 7 RS, 5. O
T. Israel Connection |C)
fortnightly by
PLublish ing Co., Ltd. Union Placa,
MBO - 2.
Try In du Silva
Drig E5475E,
Ananda Press
Street, Colomb 13.
og 35375
The Israel Wentures in
Sri Lanka and Indii
Foreign News 5
|rını = Contragate |
Jhark Hard" R at:5 |
The Peasant - Nobody's Cause 고 1
Nikolai Bukharin:
A Centenary Ricassessment — II 24

Page 4
Wow Available
A COLONIAL ADMI
N TRA
The Experience
A. S. W.
Forew
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The book examines the refor from a highly centralised one to to facilitate democratic participati post-Independence Sri Lanka.
RS, 16O.O.O
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Postaga Extra,
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Page 5
UN P-JVP
“Peace Accord Lalith-Gamini Prestige Battle
Mervyn de Silva "Eye if their signatures are
not autheritic, I feel start has been made to bring about peace' said National
Security MIn 1ster Laith Athulathmudall at a meeting In his “t. Lavinia constituency on Wednesday even ing (ll/5) when it was already clear that the GREAT UN P -WP PEACEACCORDBALLCON had burst. On the street walls not far from where he spoke, the posters that had come up the day before, with a pleasing colour photo of the Minister, carried their own message.
The slogans were interesting. They all hailed the Harbinger of Peace, the Saviour of the Nation, Sri Lanka's Great Hope!
The WP "Aord" brouaha häd had very much to do with issues that had little relevance to the JWP itself. It had a direct bearing on the Current UNP leadership and succession struggle, and was closely, if not too overtly. connected to the foreign supporters of the two main contenders - Mr. Lalith Athula th muda I and Mr. Gamin1 Dissanayake. For all his Maha well connections with the West (US, FRG, U.K., Sweden etc) Mr. Dissanayake's key role as the initiator, and later negotlator of the India-Sri Lanka Peace Accord has more or less made him Delhi's man, although that is certainly not how he would liked to be identified.
Indeed, his identity earlier was just the opposite. In the pre-'83 period, he was the SinhalaBuddhist act| wist in the Cabinet,
second only in r tries Minister C Mathew Was in Fr- UNIP |eği Presidency. Gan wed in land |al "colonies', per: with the Maha younger clerica openly at War, party's plantati fellow Cabinet Thonda man, was the western e CoLLI rise Israel Ji was the This Mr. Mathew of attacks.
In thբ pr period and mc the Lands Minis came Progi den 'special envoy'
Til to TTL i 'secret diplomat consultations amik Prime Minister "Mahaygli" still (western) donor bigger stakes d "Power Garre', Sowiet bloc'5 "be a miror but I of the cheer-5g
Mr. Dis samayel tical backgroun rural Simhala "SLFP-Ish", wi open Ing a door and ewer morte cal (UNF) adva tingly, his main |ath muda li has but morte low-cc

o” Orr
e
2
militancy to Indusyril Mathew. But ever a candidate arship and the 11n I, directly in woltid settlenment and onally associated Sangha, and some | agitators, and as head of the con 5 Union, With Minister, Mr. S. the favourite of mbassies and of ust as much as he arget, along with Indian (and Tamil)
e-Peace Accord Te 52 after" | LI, ter gradually beJR.'5 trušited to India and the at on-channel of y", his confidental transactions with Gandh1. Though keeps him in the orbit, the much f the Presidential make hIm Indoist bet', with Cuba -Glourfu| member uad.
ke's personal-Poliit is Kandy, semimiddle-class, and :h the Law college to professional strik ingly, politiincement. Interesriwal, Mr. A thu - sImI lar begin rnlrng5, untry- and SLFP
*
sh too, with S.W.R.D. showing the path to wider (international) horizons via a scholarship to
Oxford.
Mr. Athu laith muda lli's educatioma | and post-graduate background establishes in tiña e connections With Britair S, 5ra e and Singapore. In the present phase of post-Accord politics, this background is by no means irrelevant considering his post of National Security Minister. On the level of official policy, the US, UK and the donor community support the Accord as a precondition for Sri Lankan stability - LInfortunate, regrettable but an unayoidable Choice for Colombo given the unalterable characterstics of the conflict. Yet Indian help and cooperation, and the accompanying Indian influence on Sri Lanka should not lead to Indian dominance or as the Chinese who share this view, would put it "hegemonismo". The Pakistan 15 not only subscribe to this view
but can hardly help containing their anger and b|| L. L. Crness ower the way they were "used' and
then edged out.
Japan, the rays of the Rising Sun, advancing steadily over South Asia (India notably), plays its own game - quite cleverly but not always as cleverly as some diplomats imagine.
J.R.'s Double-Track
President J R has to contend with two major conflicts the yet unresolved conflict in the North-East, meaning the LTTE,

Page 6
and the JWP challenge which the government has not been able to crush or effectively blu it. The first atea of Conflict is already, Mr. Dissanayake's operational terrain. President JR wants Mr. Dissanayake to persuade the Indian policymakers that they must deliver" (not necessarily physically) Prabhakara to fulfil their Part of the bargain and enable the FTC-5 idet to faco Tore Confidently his own direct challenger,
Mrs. Bandaranaike,
This challenger evidently is planning to maximise Sinhala support, much of which is already hers, and augment the SLFP forces with the Pro - JIWP IT I litants. Herson, Anura, has gone to the extent of offering the JWP three portfolios. If the JVP youth vote goes SLFP, the advantage gained by the U. N. P. through the U. S. A. SI phon ing off an tI-UNP votes, would be negatived. It was time to pre-empt this SLFP move and perhaps neutralise the JWP. Who Eletter than the other young contender, Mr. Ath LlathTudal i for this exercise? Not only does he hawe a big Personal
stake in such an exercise, its political rewards would be immense. He would be, after
all, bringing the Sinhala youth rebels back in to the democratic mainstream, thus healing the deep, painful wound in the Sinhala psyche,
Warning Anura
The press neglected to report some highly significant remarks of Mr. Athu lath muda II at his press Conference. Ha 51 e ered at Mr. AIIUra Eändäraliike's osser of
three portfolios. He went futher.
The "3 portfolios' he predicted would become the topic of poliElcal debate in the weeks ahead. In short, he would deal with Ali Lura 5o orħ !
He dismissed the Indo-Sri Lankan Peace Accord 35 Fari acco Tid that was "not meant to be implemented", thus casting serious doubts on Indian bona fidės. He Wished he was "allowed' to negotiate with the LTTE (as he
had offered to archi) in the Way fully negotiated JVP
The 'Hai were on the Dissanayake ret pure coincidence
J.R. for
Fore5dget JR 1 terith and conte5 election that h before Feb. 1 a Com Tittee has r bers have repor Working Commi 31 (2) and 160 amended by a two Mr. Paul Perera that no arrendre The rele warnt A
Article 3 || (2) s who has been the office of P people shall be q to be elected t the people,
Article 60 [ "A person hold
| TREND (Continued
Het mTO. In 1 חre (d) the uם wJollerie Irii t decade of UN sence of forc In the Nort the econoriile people, and poor of a II
EXKLES
TF1 TILULF exic đfter t. of July 1983
fier to the through Parlia arourced the THE TULF WMF Jr OJEF res the gist of t. | They made
quarters thoug Leader, A. party's Secret

Ha after Wadamahe had successnow With the
Lalith' posters walls when Mr. urned home. A !, doubtless, but
3rd term
can seek a third t; the presidential as to be held six-The Tibert UNP u led. Fi'we mentLEr to the UNP ttee that Articles Wi || hawe to be thirds majority. held the wiew It was required. rticles are :
tates : No Parson : wicc ccc cd Llo resident by the ualified thereafter o such office by
royi de 5 : that := ing the office of
MS. . .
from parge )
21 Tıpaign argumcrit5 paralleled Chaos and he country after a P. rule (b) the preign (Indian) troops and East and (c) Erdens cast on the the TT i sery of the crites.
S RETURN
dder's Who Went Inta he dit-T drii riots drid the 6th a rend
Lorigt st Lios FLEGd ment / n August ha ye return to Sri Lanka. 's refused to take Ou ni: fng separatis rt), .tחשחlrשחטוזום ha - bith Madras their headחטh former OpposItl Amirthdlingdm, the ary-general travel
MEWS BACKGROUND
so highly meaningful. 5וח סE un charitable person or person have thrown mud on those posters
and scribed rude and crudo remarks from Colombo to Mount Law | nia, which Mr. Ath Lullathmuda i offered as a wenu e for the first public meeting of the
W. P.
President immediately before the commencement of the Constitution shall be the first President under the Constitution and shall be deemed for all purposes to hawa been elected as the President of the Republic.
The Committee consulted a wo knowm-President's Counsel on the constitutional issues before | C submitted its report. On the question of a referendum, the committee submitted that the relewamt Articlcs a Te not en trenched clauses requiring a reference to the people before,
If there was any doubt it is now clear Lhat President II R, will be the UNP candidate at the next elections,
led widely publicising the plight of the Tamil community.
The long self-imposed exile however not only allowed the LTTE to easily slip Into the
vacant leadership role but began to erode Tamil public sympathy for the old parliamentary veterars. Seyed TULF ex-MP's Were brutally killed by LTTE hit-squads, while the LTTE's propaganda Lin it In Madrids trained its guns or Amīrtha lingan and Co. dr d or their alleged "high-life."
Their return of course foreshadows a Dels deu with t fie LTTE. Seyerds rounds of tusks between LTTE representative and mid-level Indian oficials have ended in Madras. The mid in sticking points are the composition of the repolls 'council" (in short, how Ingny
seats for the LTTE) and the Todd Trt les Connected With the surrender of guns, What share
will the returning elders get?

Page 7
ECOWO/WC SCEAVE
1988: Prospects not pli
The balance of payments position, the
ratio and the time-table for repayment of det borrowings from banks at high interest ra one of the first duties of the Sri Lankan P will take office om Feb. 4. This Would be
the newly elected President is UNP or SL the SLFP has clearly repudiated its old eco especially on the role of private enterprise, price controls and distribution.
How do things stand? The following e the recently issued Central Bank report pre
Outline of the ansvVer:
The current account deficit GDP ratio which is a basic Indcator of the degree of Weakness of a country's balance of payment declined from 6. és Per Cent in 1986 to 5.2 Per cent in 1987. The current account deficit excluding official transfers dropped to SDR 405 million in 1987 from SDR 5|6 milion in the previous year and as a ratic of GDP it declined to 7.9 per cent from 9,6 per cant ower the two years. However, the Overall balance continued to be in deficit and and the short-fall in 1987 Was SDR 72 milion. This was the third consecutive year. When the overal balance Was in deficit necessitaing drawing on external reser wes, underlining the continuing weakness of the country's balance of payments position.
The cumulative drop in net external assets, due to continuing deficīts, in the overa bilance during the last three years siphoned off nearly 90 per cent of the net gain in reserves during the tea boom in 1983-84. Although a deficit irm the otwiera | Il bala rice was anticipated In 1987, the eventual deficit turned out to be much larger due to the poor performance of traditional exports decline in tourist earnings and a substantial shortfall inforeign aid disbursements, Although exports in SDR terms increased by 4.5
per cent, the
earnings fell sh year (1983 - I' SDR I, I64 mili:
Export earm li declined by nea Ebet weer 1984 ar slightly ra cordin ir-r:15 e ii I GB of tea, rubber ; tural products inc the price of coco substantially by owera || export pri by 3.9 per cent Export wolume: agricultural pr during the year and the three r ducts declining 3.7 per cent ап respectively. Ex miri or agricultur: ed by 4.5 Per cen in export wo exports recorde growth almost expansion In g Export earnings garments and t by || 6.3 per ce continued to be foreign exchang. previous year. E exports increas cent which is p of the new agre Thailand to re. trade.

easing
debt-service bits, especially tes, Will be resident Who
true Wether
FP, now that nomic policy, import and
xcerpts from sent a broad
lewe of export ort of It5 fwe 287) average of
1.
ngs which had rly 30 per cent d. 986, recovered g a 4.5 per cent
While the prices and other agricul: reased marginally, It exports rose 57.0 per cent. The Ce index increased
ini SDR terms. 5 of all major oducts declingd
with tel, rubber rajor coconut proby 3.2 Per cent, d 5.3 per cent, port earnings from a products decreat due to a drop Li rities lindustria | d a 9.2 per cent 2ntirely due to an arments exports,
from ready made extiles increased nt. In 87 arld
! the largest gross 2 earner as in the Earnings from gem 2d by É6.0 per artly the outcome !ement signed with gularize the gem
NEws BACKGROUND
Import payments declined by 4.3 per cent in 1987 mainly duc to a 5.8 per cent reduct om in Con Surner goods, 7.3 per cent declined in volume terms by 51.0 per cent, 15.5 per cent and 20.0 per cent, respectively. In contrast, the import volumes of sugar and crude o i rose by | 68 per cent and 8.5 per cent, respectively. While the Import price of rice and crude oil increased by 7.4 per cent and 7. I per cent, respectively the price of wheat grain decreased by 7.5 per cent in 1987.
The overall price movement in international markets was margnally favourable to Sri Lanka in 1987, with export prices increasing by 0.3 per cent and import prices decreasing by 2.7 per cent in SDR terms. Accordingly, the terms of trade recorded a marginal improwerent in 1987. This followed two successive years of adverse terms of trade when it deteriora ted by 19.8 per cent and 5.0 per cent, respectively.
The net outflow of foreign exchange on account of services increased from Rs. 36.7 million (SDR 109 mIllion) in 1986 to Rs. 4.257 milion (SDR || 4 millon) in 1987. The deterioration in the services account was entirely due to a sharp decline in tourist earnings. As against this, there were several favourable developTen L5 in the ser was, Court. The port, transportation and insurance category which had been in deficit in the previous two years produced a surplus of SDR. 8 ITi||ion || | 987 duS Lo incrägd receipts from the port and a reduction in charter fees and forelign paymenis for fue by Air
Lanka. In addition, the deficits in investment in Come, government expenditure and miscellaneous
categories declined in 987.

Page 8
INTEREST PAYMENT
Interest and other service charg ges on foreign loans including those on IMF credits amounted to Rs. 5,929 milion (SDR I56 milion)
in 1987, as compared with Rs. 5,248 million (SDR 159 milion) in the previous year. The re
duction in interest rate 5 lin international markets and the appreciation of the SCR, were the major reasons for this decline in interest payments reflected in SDR term5. Interest payments accounted for 38.0 per cent of the total service payments and continued to exert heavy pressure on the balance of payments. Interest receipts consisting largely investment goods and a substantial reduction. In defence related mports. Among the major imports
rice, wheat gra of returns on po of the Centra to Rs. 204 million), as cor 1,878 million ( in the previous in 5DR term5 largely to a level of such 1987, foreign |rı the for Th of profits and dw than in the pre
T1 e innost di: opment in the was the large from tourism, N. ge earnings on became zero LIncertain climat
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tfollo investments Bank amounted milion (SDR 53 pared with Rs. DR 58 million) year. The decline was attributable oduction in the investments. In vchange outflow repatriation of ends was lower vious year,
appointing deve
services account drop in receipts et foreign exchanaccount of travel In 1987. In an 2, the inflow of
tourist traffic declined by 20.6 per cent. In 1987 and recepts from tourism dropped from Rs. 2,326 million (SDR71 million) in 1986 to Rs. 1,813 milion (SDR 48 million) in 1987, recording a decrease of 32.0 per cent in SDR tets,
In 1987, foreign exchange inflow on account of private remittances showed a marginal decrease in SDR terms but recorded an increase of 6.0 per cent in rupee termis. The gross inflow of priWate termittance5 amounted to R5. | 0,255 milion (SDR 268 milion) as compared with Rs. 8,873 million (SDR 269 millon) in 1986. Official transfers, consisting of project and commodity aid decreased from SDR 53 million in 986 to SDR 130 in I987.
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Page 9
THE REGION
Gandhi's moves on thi
t is not for nothing that the A. I. C. C. chose Kamarajnagar, Madras for its National Convention, held late last month. Tamilnadu has been under Presidential rule since the death of MGR, the state's charismatic Chief Minister, close Raji w ally and the key political underwriter of the Indo-Sri Lanka Per Accord. ln är 15 WW er to pers is tent Opposition questions in Parlament, the gowler mment hinted that polls will be held in June.
When pressmen put the question
to Primo Minister Rajiv Gandhi ato
the end of the ACC sessions, Mr. Gandhi was reported to have turned to Governor P.C. Alexander and said, "You should se elk the
answer from D Later when journ: Alexander one ol cl Wil sa TWants, S Thi "You should not Prim M irħis ... er .. . well that the d takon by the Eli .""rםחם5i
The Conference hai led the Indobut the Politic Congress was Cl the chairman oi committee, the F state, Mr. G. K. M. a|ismi" he 53|d ' principal foe. W was preoccupied
Cong () chances bleak
W. M. Badola
HADIR.A,5
fter three days of what the
Congress (II) believed was a "massive show of people's love for party,' the general reaction of the common man here has been that Mr. Rajiv Gandhi is no nearer to capturing power in Tamil Nadu than he was one year ago.
The recently-concluded AICCC) Session at Mari malai Nagar wi|| not only be remembered for its utter mismanagement, but also for the fact that a big party, claiming to be the 'only saviour' of the people, betrayed an utter lack of grasp of the ground realities and a total disregard for the sensitivities of the people it wants to lure back into its fold.
It is common knowledge that Tamil Nadu was chogen as the venue of the Sessior with an eye on the impending Assembly election. But if before the session the general belief was that Mr. Rajiv Gandhi would give an indication of the dates, of the poll, it became clear at the end that he had developed cold feet. Indications now are that despilte the Gowern
ment's 5.5 L TACE in Parlament L would go to the erd, the State ir Te Tai Lundet Pre qulte 50me time
THis became : cl; day of the sessio Gandhi in his co suddenly chose "populist policie M. G. Ramachard ate reaction in ba was one of anger M5, Jamaiki Ram to issue a public 5 ing Mr. Gandhi Jaya la litha camp w out that the most likely tryi leader Karunanidh
A sanior eäder faction told th angrily: ""|If givin to poor children of Saris to poor w then what do y molā 5 sharī ele the Congress? the accusations regime has been c leader reported: back to what

e 'Southern front
r. Alexander". a list did so, Dr. F Inda's veterar led as he replied have et of the ... you know very ecision will be 2ctions Commis
: rasolution du ly Sri Lanka Accord a ling of the early drawn by the reception arty boss of the opanar, 'Regionwas the nation's hile the Congress with the task of
iar || es thig month
hat Talli | Nadu
a polls by June
may continue to
is ident's Rule for
W.
eart er om the last n when Mr. Rajiv including remarks to attack the :5'" of the late an. The immedth the AIADMKs and dismay, if 1ächandran chose EL TIL "|-- i's remarks, the was quick to point Congress(I) was ng to woo DMK | Th. ''
of the Jaya la litha |s correspondent g mid-day" meals and di 5 tribution + оппеп 15 popu list, ou call the loan ssly organised by And, referring to that the MGR. orrupt, the same ""Let Raji w look is mother said.
nation-building, it had ignored the Insidious encroach ment made by
regional forces. We have lost battles in Kerala, Tamilnadu, Andra Pradesh and Karnataka,
Yat the Congress will never be wanquished".
Since Tamilma du and Dra widian nationalism posed a major challenge to the Congress in the first postindependence phase, the 'antiDrawid iam stance."" wis noted als significant by a news analyst of the Deccan Herald, published in the neighbouring State of Karnataka. Here is an excerpt from his report on what the Congress is up to and another extract from a joint report by four Indian Today correspondents covering the South.
After all, she used to say that corruption was a global phenomenon".
ANTI-REGIONALISM : " The tone for taking an anti-Drawidian stance was set by Mr. Moopanar when i his welco The add te 55 he assured Mr. Gardhi that the supremacy of the Dravida parties in in Tamil Nadu was "only a passing phase", adding that the "clouds which seem to darken the South
ern sky will soon disappear". Therefore, more than anywhere else in India, hic said, "" It is in the
South that the Congress must launch a mighty Onslaught on the forces of regionalism."
And how could this be done? Most young men and women had strayed into these regional parties, Mr. Moopanar said "because they find the doors of the Congress are myseteriously closed to them'. The door must be thrown open to bring them to the main stream because "more than any other part of India, it is the South which is a live to the grave dangers of regionalism."
It would, therefore, appear almost certain that Mr. Gandhi, after initial hesitation, has agreed
7

Page 10
with Mr. Moopanar's perception. But the most im Portant question i5: Can the Congress (I) go it alone in Tamil Nadu. After losing power in the State, the Congress has never fought elections here without joining the bandwagon of either the DMK or the Al-ADMK, The only exception was 1977 which was a disa ster for the party.
It is here that the suspicion among the Al-ADMK Leadership about the Congress making up with Mr. Karunanidhi assumes signifi. cance. Some senior Congress (1) leaders did not rule out the possibility of Mr. Gandhi deciding to hand ower the State to the DFMK with the proviso that Mr. Karunamidhi w I l | not s, take his clair Til to the Lok Sabha cats. But then, these Congress (1) leaders were also quick to point out that "this is only an idea' and that no serious exercises had been conducted in this
regard so far,
(Deccan Herald)
“NDA TODAY”
reports:-
he battle plans have been finalised and the generals
allotted their commands. J. Wengala Rao in Andhra Pradesh Janardhan Poojary in Karnataka; G. K. Moopanar in Tamil Nadu. Now, a that remains is for the foot soldiers to be whipped in to shape before the siege of the south is launched in earnest.
In preparing the ground for that ultimate - and ambitious - objective, the Congress (II) commanderin-chief Rajiv Gandhi has followed the classic manuals of war. The campaigns already launched against the most formidable rival conianders, N, T. Ram3, Rao, Ramakrishna Hegde, are designed to keep them off balance, dilute their personal Image and sow the seeds of disunity within the ranks.
And like any good general, Rajiv has worked out the basic clement, of his battle strategy within a given time frame and with clearcut instructions to his generals in the field. These include:
> Rake up co against the chief D. Organise rail which will be add
caders. > Try to creat the local ruling D. Use the g extensively to Thinist. Er 5 Öf a t > Use Central promote the pa the south.
b. Deploy the especially Doord Party's advantag
The basic I die to keep the chicf to their state ca, arte Lunable to li with opposition states. That fits aspect of the plan at least one sou :thחטוח
If there is one the Congress (I) tains hopes of Co soon, it is Tar it has been ou chair for over tw. former ACC (1) G. K. Moopa nar of affairs in T. party"s hopes o the rise.
Moc panar"; re at a public mi. last fortnight ambitions of his the line, Madr played up the to Moopanar, who is the next chi
The Party feat not only come but also do it riding piggyback faction of the A TNCC (I) offic party bosses ar the Congress () and yet emerge v victory in the
The party is co the impression P. C. Alexander - can provide a got Alexander set th taking over: 1 a

'ruption charges
Thirhi 5 teT5,
es in the districts ressed by Central
: divisions within
թartles, 3Wernor'; Office keep the chief ight leash.
funds freely to ty's interests in
official media - ar 5 han — to the
a behind all this ministers confined li tal-5 so that they nk up effectively
forces in other
in with another ; Rajiv will visit thern state each
state in Which
seriously enterwerסק סming tוחי Imlil Nadu, where t of the ruler's to decades. With general secretary how at the hern am11 Nadu, the
f success are on
Sounding succes: et ing In Tiruchi as whetted the party men down as Doordarshan public response is being projected f IIn 15 ter.
ership hopes to back to power, alone - without In the Jaya la litha
IADMK, Says a i-bearer: ''Our : convinced that
Can go | tt alore ith a convincing ots."
is clously creating – Via Goverror - that the Centre d administration, tone soon after I den til fy ng the
THE REGION
weaknesses in civic planning and will improve performance after assessing the problems.' He made some grand promises too: relating to providing drinking water, street lighting, and a health campagn. Said he: "I am motivating the civil service for higher levels of performance. I want to make people believe that this is not a bureaucratic rule.'"
Under President's Rute, the state Government has announced a 50 per cent Increase In the stipends and scholarships for stud. ents of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Trib cs. The governor is also ensuring that each family gets 2 kg of ration rice a month, Last fortnight, the police undertook a surprise inspection of fair Price shops across the state and detected 49 of them short-changing customers. The Centre has also increased the monthly allotment of tice to Tami I || Nadu fromTi 50,000 to 80,000 tonnes.
That the governor is well aware of Congress (I) Interests is apparent. Soon after Moopanar arrived In Madras to take over as president of the party's state unit, he handed over a detailed memorandum to Alexander. He urged a relaxation in action against farmers for non-payment of land revenue and electricity arrears. The governor proпрtly complied.
BLI DOM K President M. Ka Tumanidh. Is critical of what ha sees as a hand in glove opera
tion. He points out for instance, that the Centre has since long stalled appeals from Madras asking for a tribunal to settle the Cauvery waters dispute. 'Now when New Delhi's agen L. Governor Alexander, has made the request for the tribunal, the Centre ha 5 acceded. These are all Congress (1) rehears als for the Assembly elections,' he says.
Apart from Moopanar, Union Minister of State for Home, P, Chida mbaram, ha 5 also been spending his weekends in Tamil Nadu to help out in party work. Says he optimistically: "'We will
ultimately come to power in Tamil Nadu.'" For the first time after years. Congress men are
beginning to believe in that with 512 conviction.

Page 11
Benazir on Indo-Pak issues,
and Afghan accord
WASHINGTON,
P: ISS Lies bet weer India апс Pakistan over the пuclear question and Islamabad's support to Sikh extremist5, among other things, should be resclved through bilatara talks, the Pakistan People's Party leader, Ms. Benazir Bhutto, has said.
"I am concerned that after
the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan, the tension betwer" | 1 dia ard Pakista should not increase," she said addressing a news conference at the Carnegie Endowment for terational Peace Centre.
Two new elements hawe been added to the 'traditional question' of Jan 11 Thu > and Kashmir" In the last 10 years, Ms. Benazir said. These concerned an Indian apprehension that Pakista ni was aiding the Sikh terrorists and a Pakistan apprehension that India continued to take territory in the Siachen Glacier area. "I think it is wery important to reduce these tensions, Ms. Benazir said.
Expressing the hope that the reports of Islamabad assisting the
Afghan pact should
NEW DELHI, May 4.
闇 and Afghanistan today expressed confidence that the Genova accord Would help bring peace and Stability to South Asia and free the region from outside interference.
At a banquet held in honour of W|5itling Afghan President Najib ullah, President R. Wenkataraman hoped that this "historic" development would remove the excuse for induction of saphlstcated weapons into the region, particularly the supply of lethal weapons to Pakistan, which could be used against India.
Mr. Wenkataram an assured his Afghan guest that India was prepared to stand shoulder-toshoulder "with our brothers in
Sikhs should not the Image of is however "" country. On t! she agreed wi that ewe if Pal signed the ruc ation Treaty (f upon by the would not go course is for Pakistan to ri through diploma
The purpose to impress upon it should not a estis Ir Pakistar for restoring COLIntry to Wami drawa I of Soy Afghanistan. " fear that after drawal the de initiated in Pa Eo e a borted.""
Another purp LF 3: J., S., La partes in Pak part in the the receit get
odds "We
end arn
Afghanistan to h possible mann er mԸin 5 "" in thբ 1 Lion and recon:
India, Mr. W had been deep I developments the last severa
He said it wi people themsel their das tiny, fr inter Wention - Najibullah's of to form a bro Government.
He said a non - a I igned Afg| emerge if the was properly the process

THE REGON
democracy,
be true, she said Pakis Lan In Inda arming' to her 1 clear issue, th a questioner ki 5 tan Lumila, terally ear Non-proliferNPT), a 5 in sisted West, suspicions away. The best
both India and esove the 55ue Ісу.
of her wit is I Washington that low U. S. Interand its concern Iemocracy in that e after the withiet troops from Many in Pakistan the Sowet W ILmocratic Process kista, Çgu |d Wye |
IC 52 || T. TET t the Opposition stan did not take 985 elections. In
ions to the local found (that the)
ns flow:
elp them in every With in our modest
ask of rehabilita5 tou Cion,
'emika tara Tian Said, y affected by the ni Afghanistan In | years.
is for the Afghan Wes to determine ee from all foreign le supportod Dr. er to the rebels ad-based coalition
Strøng, stable and hanistan could only : Genewa accord
Implemented and of national unity
Inherent fraud, and weightage towards the ruling regime were of such a nature that it was impossible for the Opposition to score a victory." As much as 40 per cent of the Opposition nominations were rejected, with the result they contested only in 60 per cent of the seats.
Asked
about the political scenario in Pakistar 'after Gen. Zia stepped down from office'
in 1989, Ms Benazir said in the first place, Gen. Zia has not said that he would step down. If hea remained in office after 1989, it would make the transition to ""fլ || democracy' more difficult.
She also held out the possibility of a political vaccum in Afghanistan after the Soviet withdrawal. Local commanders, could tak a the situation in their own hands and there could be a civil war or possibilities of a fragmentation. It is in everyone's interest not to let this happen. A || parties should cooperate with the U. N. Representative, Mr. Diego Cordov'ez, in reaching an agreement on forming a coalition government in Afghanistan.
RV
and consolidation carried out by the Afghan People.
Mr. Wenkataraman was confident that the Afghans would show the requisite maturity, courage and political wisdom to bring about a genul ne consensus WithIn the country.
Calling India and the Soviet Union 'true friends' of Afghanistan, Dr. Najibullah Said his
Government was ready, without Pre-Cordition, to call upon al II Opposition, whether in Pakistan
or in any other part of the World, 'to attend the forthcoming nation-wide "Jirgah," an
assembly of distinguished citizens. to be convened to decide the the future Governmental set up in the country.
(Continued on page (3)

Page 12
SRI LAMIKA AND ISRAEL COM MECTO
Why Rabin was silent
Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi
y 1983, a full-scale guerrilla
War had broken out. Tha Sri Lankan government asked Britain and the United States
for help; however, they did not want to be directly involved in an ethnic conflict. When the Sri Lankan asked the United States for counterinsurgency advisers, it refused again, but turued the
matter over to the Israel government.
Israel was the only country
Lihat did not he 51 atce. The decision was made by David Kimche, director-general of the Foreign Ministory and former Mossad deputy chlef. An Associated Pre 55 correspondent reported that National Security Minister La lith Ath Luathmuda || Said that the Sri Lankan
army was being trained by SHABAK AdWi52r5 In countr' in ELITgency activities, Athulath mudali also said 'Our men say that they never had Such good training. Every state is cntitled to the best it can get." As of
August 1984, there were reportedly Lip to Six domestic Intelligence exports from Israel working with
thբ government develop W intelligence network agal Inst the T:פון וחב Douglas Liyanage, secretary of the Sri
Lanka State Ministry - who had been accused im || Gé I of leading
an abortive military coup, had barely escaped conviction, and had languished in political oblivior un til 1979, when hel jained the go werni merit — visited Israel in August 1984, publicly lauded relå tion 5 with Israel, and met WIth Kimche. Llya nage's wis i E. and his statements caused uproar in Sri Lanka, and on his
return to Colombo he was forced to resign.
The author, in Israeli scholar worked On di grant by the American Middle LLLLLL LLLLLLLL LLL LLLL LL LeTMHHaa LLLGS CL L CHH CLHHa SHHH LL CCHHO S LLLLtLL "The Israeli Connection").
O
(Haifa Univ.)
The conflict h3,5 led the Sri L3 to purchase arm: the United State Africa, Britain, and China. Six P: ordered from Isr
the sea lanes and Sr| Lanka. of a deal betwe
Lanka for the sa was raised in t Matityahu Peled,
1985, a Eked wheth
the del I W T : tr |5 rac || instructor 5 to Sri Lanka. D
Yitzhak Rain re' the question, S would be tha Tr security,
In return for was a lowed to section in the A. In ColՃmbt in
84 - first States had acted city for Israel. The ment in Colombit Israel||--|irnt et est 5 5 |n1 the U.S., 2 TTh b; ""American auspici li ta' 255 35 tiri
Dawid Matina i, ; A5läII nfair's Whi by British source agent. On June 2
was detonated me a Colomb to ho tE woman. The re between Israel ar brought about
орpo5itӀоп from as well as from Freedom Party, h Bandaranaya ke si who had broker with Israel in

M
on Sri Lanka
|th Le Tall |5 nkan government ments from the 5, Israel, South Italy, Pakistan, atrol boats were act to control between India
The question in Israel and Sri |e of the 5e boits :he Knesset by who on May 27, er reports about "ue, and Whe Lher : Would to sent efence Minister fu5ed to ar15wer
tating that it inful to state
Es help, Israel
op en an Intere 5t:5 merican embassy the 5 LITTEt cf time the United
іп 5 шch a capaofficial announce2 mem t|Oned an ection not only assy, but under es" The Israelwas headed by a specialist on zo was identificd 5 as a Mossad 3, 1984, a bornb
ar hi5 Toom in il, killing one newed contacts
lid Sri Lanka also
expressions of "Moslem group5, the left-wing eaded by Anura in of the leader off relations
August 1970.
The case of Sri Lanka is one example of Israeli in Wolvement in the Third World that was instigated by the United States. Without the United States, Israel would new er hawe gotten involved with aiding the Sri Lankan govern. ment in its struggle against the
Tamil minority. The operation was run by the Mossad, while the actual men in the field were
on la from the SHABAK. An Israeli journalist provides us with the only public justification for this involvement: the Tamil insur. gency is the result of Marxist inciէԸment, and therefore it is clear that Israel should oppose it.
Lebanon of South Asia
The matter of Isran aid to the Sri Lanka go Wern Tnent's suppression of the Tamils was raised in the Knesset by Matityahu Peled on Cctober 23, 1984, Primo Minister Shimon Peres ans wared the parlamentary question on January 22, 1985, denying any Israeli involvement, in the fal|| cf 1985, there was a secret meeting between Sri Lankan President Junius Jayewardane and Prime Ministor Shimon Peres, during a visit by the latter to Paris. After Peres told of the meeting during a Knesset dicebate, the Sri Lankar government decided to suspend further official contacts. In any event, this renewal of contacts with an Asian country was not a collplete success. The help received by the Sri Lankan go warn ment has not enabled it to subdue the Insurgents. If any.
thing. It seems that since Israel became involved in 1984, things have beca Fine bloodler and les5
hopeful. Sri Lanka has now earned the frighten ing nickname of the ''Lebanon of South Asia.'"

Page 13
SRI LANKA AND ISRAEL CONNECTIO
Trouble-shooter VWalt the way for Mossad
Jane Hunter
its approach to India and Sri Lanka. Israel is tripping ower its own feet. The Israeli government gives every appearance of wanting normal relations with India. but a particularly nasty spy incident and Tel Aviv's support of the Sri Lanka government's vicious War against Tamil separatists would se em to rule out that prospect.
Moreover, the branch of the Israeli government that markets counter insurgency consulting will
surely Tot i Want to use " the Sri "
Lanka experience in its promotio il mata Tial. Sorics of thc: fout Sri Lanka's - a nawy lieutenant, two soldiers and a police COfTir†1lnd – who WEnt LO |5 ral El to be fitted with artificial Filbs makes good reading for the home audience, but since 15raeli advisers
began helping the Sri Lanka military in mid 1984, their client's fortunes hawe gone from bad L) "IMI")T:
1983 ROTS
The conflict in the island nation which lies of Southern India and was formerly known as Ceylon, wa 5 kinded by a 1983 pogrom Conducted by the Sinha les e majarity against the Tamil minority. Originally from India, the Tamils, Who comprise | 8% of the population of 15 million are mostly Hindu, but among them are also Christar 5, The 983 attack con Tami civilians was 5 et off by an attack by Tami I guerri | las on the predominantly Sinhalese 1 rΠηγ.
In 1984, after attempts by the Tamil United Liberation. Front. a moderate political formation Willing to accept a compromise short of the independent nation In the north and east called Tami || Eelam envis Ioned by the 5e parat Īsts, to negotika to Partial autonomy with the government
broke down enmity blazed
The governme J. R. Jaye war dem to Washington, for help. Not |ndi — 5) rTni I li { the 5 ou the Trn Indi Nadu and have un officia | suppor - the Reagan A ned - as did E Germany - to But it did s moc Israel to rem der
In May 1984 Israel to estab section under US Embassy in Colombo. Israel naar the emba. senior diplomet to head it. It reported that agent of Mossa coordinated the Israel provided report took con Wyhl am Mata wa 5 only four month
GENERAL WA
Along with t
Israel's Mossad 5 trained the Int of Jaye war dene
Although it
to determ in W Comes embro ed
War for || 5 0 Wr Ealf of JS Israel's presence
as a US pгоху. December 1984
Walters || Sri L the continuing l. situation there. ' CIA officer IF fawrite "*" troi i E} he became US ai UN in 1985, me Jeye war den e and
L5|itn Athi lithrm

M
ers paves
the longs tanding İnto cl, 'w || www.ar,
!nt of Prosidont e went running -Ordon and Bonn, Wan ting to anger 31 TT || || w | an state of Tamil been a source of it for the Tirls dministration di CBritain and West give direct aid. 5th the way for
assistance,
the US allowed lish an interest the aegis of the the capital city opened an office 5 sy and sent a Dawid Matild, would soon be Matrial was an d, and that ha tra in Ing program Sri Lanka, The added credence transferred after
5.
LTERS
he British MI5,
Secret ser wice had elligence officers
!'s predecessor.
of difficult h, eth 2 r: Igrié| Be3Il som orie else's
O.W.s i Ti this in 5 tance was quite clearly
The arri will i of Gen. Werror anka Lundet 5 corted | 3 |T1 Cerest in the Walters, a former "resident Reagan's Ieshooter.'' LInti | mbassador to the t with President security minister Luda ||
The Jerusalem Post said It was
the first time that Israel had carried out diplomatic functions from a US embassy, that Israel
normally works out of a European embassy in those countries which do not recognize it. Sri Lanka broke relations with Israel in 1970.
The Israelis, as is their practis e, never admitted anything about the military si de of their activities. In announcing the partial restoration of diplomatic ties the Israeli government radio said that "Israel is alding Sri Lanka in the agricultural area, among others." The radio noted a report in the Indian paper. The Daily Sun saying that Sri Lanka had sought the help of Israeli intelligence services in fight|ng the Tamils.
A Sri Larka official wis iting Israel asserted that it was mainly because Israel was aiding its counter insurgency efforts that his government had restored | imited diplomatic ties.
MOSSAD AND SHIN BETH
It has na weer been clear" hoyw many Israeli agencies were in wolved and exactly what the Israelis were assigned to do in Sri Lanka. In addition La Massad the mention has been made of Israel's internal security service Shin Bet. In August 1984 Sri Lanka's security minister A, thulath muda said Shin Bet was giving training in intelligence gathering, handling explo5ives and commando operation. Colombo confirmed that it was Israel's internal security service that was in yolly eid iri Sr| Lanka and that two Israelis had trained the police in Intelligence gathering.
Speaking in Copenhagen in June 1984 Sri Lanka's foreign minister A. C. S. Hameed said that Mossad would train a special counterlinsurgency corps. In July President Jayewardene said that Israel anti terrorist expertise would be used to assist his security forces in operations against extremists

Page 14
from the minority Tamil community. The next day Israeli radio reported that Jayewardene intended to ask "Israeli experts to
collect intelligence information on the Tamil terrorists'. Jaycwardena, the radio Said, atso
"confirmed having commissioned Therconaries from Great Britain.' Pakistani help to the government has also been reported.
This spring there was a report that India had protested the use of "foreign pilots' in helicopter gunship attacks on Tamil beses. Security minister Athu lath muda li said that about E0 Israeli agents had tra | need || 0.0 - Sri Lankan 5 o wer a per i cd of two months. A tinulath muda li said, "*They come in batches and give a course. They do not go out of the classroom."
Several thousand refugees from shelling by the Sri Lankan nawy have fled to a camp on the northern coast, as the Government continues its operation, staged with the help of Israeli secret service advisers, to clean up the bases of Tamil militants reported The Guardian. The British paper went on to note that Mossad consultants had been training Sri Lanka's security forces since May and that the Tasmll radio Gitation had asserted that the military was blockling woLunded Tamils from access to redical treatment.
Ties to israel Criticized
In addition to stiff protests from the small Muslim minority in Sri Lanka, The Ta hawe been well modulated expressions of disappointment with Colombo from
abroad. The Arab League vowed to Work for the reversal of Sri Lanka's decision. PLO chairman
Yasir Arafat dropped the Island from the it in erary of an Asian tour he made in the summer of | 984, a move Sald to signify di 5approval of Sri Lanka's links with Israel.
But when Ceylonese workers in the Gulf States - about 100,000 by one est mate — began to Worry that they would be the object of retallatory moves, officials in Bahralm and Saud || Arabia denied there would be expulsions or other restrictions imposed on the expatriates.
|교
On July 9, I' Post quoted sol to the effect th and Saudi Arabi river diversion due to Saudi o Israeli presence, be preparing to Israel. Israeli tra received, went according to t purpose for rene with Israel had be report appears
".
A ban on t that had been I diplomatic ruptu lifted that sam August 1985 Co the resumption o Israel has begun and regularly . Lanka's tea, the pal export.
October minister Shirmon secret meeting
President Jayewa that Israel agricu development adv to Sri Lanka u of the Israeli
and Ceylonese 5 tu an Israeli kibbut but refu 5ed Pe full diplomatic t
Last
Patrol Boats
Last summer a began acquiring in weapons -gun bo armored per 5 on rifles came from Britain, Pakista and the US - 5 six patrol boats acquiring this h: New York Times Sedit, "ricrea 51 m Amnesty Interna ented numerou
The war ha 5 Whereas two were scattered las and in termit civilians by the 15 a full blow daily death toll government bon and carries out of Tam Is, 20,00

85 the Jerusalem rces in Sri Lanka it with Canada l putting a giant program on hold bjections to the Sri Lanka might turn its back of in ing hawing been the reasoning, is account, the wing limited ties em served. That o hawe been In
Talde with Israc | effect 5 ince the re in 970 was a month and in lombo announced f commercial te 5.
to buy coconut akes 5% of Sri
Country's princi
Israeli prime Peres had a in Paris with
rdene, who asked |tural aid — three 15 ETS Wre 5 : bon the Copening
Interest section dents have visited ! - be continued, res request for 1: ,
from Israel
s the government idre sophi isticated its helicopters, nel carriers and China, Belgium, I, South Arica. le sold Colombo But the army rdware was as a headline expre:- lly undisciplin cd."' : ional has docucases of torture.
ecome bloodier. fears ago there ands of guerrient Tassacres of army, now there
civil war, the mounting as the 5 Civian area 5
Tā55 e Ya Ciutations II onle E15, Lance.
And the government seems to be losing. The Tamils now control
about a third of the country. The predominantly Tamil Jaffna peninsula in the north and a
good part of the eastern edge of the island are liberated zones,
where government forces are limited to occasional forays. Tamil forces, operating in at least a
dozen separate organizations, have also developed a support structure In India's Tamil Nadu state. Sri Lanka's economy is devastated,
Pakistan's Role
Sri Lanka might be getting what its security minister has termed 'the World's best consul
tants to help eliminate terrorism in this country, but it is doubtful that Israel has profited greatly especially in its relations with India, the dominant gowen ment in the region and a giant on the International scene. Those appear to have deteriorated markedly.
The down slide began from around zero, where relations had been since India expelled the Israeli consul from Bombay, the Jewish state's only diplomatic representation in the country; that occurred during the Israel invasion of Lebanon. In 1982, when the consul charged India with subservience to Arab governments.
India has been trying to act as mediator between the Tamil organizations and the government
of Sri Lanka, Prime minister Rajiv Gandhi is supporting a negotiated autonomy for the
Tam i Is that stops short of partition. But he has been appalled at the "mass Killings' of Tamils by the Sri Lanka military. Gandhi recently told the Indian parliament that Israel and Pakistan were working "hand-in-hand" to help the government in Sri Lanka. remarking that "politics make strange bed fellows.
India's foreign mlnlster sia id that India did not favor the sta. tioning of UN peacekeeping forces between the warring partles because of opposition to the presence in Sri Lanka of foreign elements including Pakistan or 15 Tael.

Page 15
Set in the late 40's by India's first prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru - he regarded the new state of Israel as a reincarnation of the British Imperial presence - India's policy has been to hold Israel at arm's length, while extending warm support to the Palestinian cause: India's small Jewish population attests. It is treated with similar warmth.
Even though Israel responded to Nehru's urgent request for mortars when India was fighting China and Pakistan, after a begrudging de jure recognition in 1950, Nehru never allowed Israel mere than the consulate In Bomba y, a policy continued by his daughter Indira Gandhi, and following her assassination in 1984, his grandson, the present prime minister Rajiv Gandhi.
Last summer Rajiv Gandhi told Le Monde that India would Only recognize Israel when "Israel changed her attitude on a number of subjects."
spy for Israel Arrested
In February Ram Swaroop, a prominent member of a rightist political party, was arrested on charges having spied for the US, West Germany, Israel, and Talwan since 1954. Two cabinet ministers and numerous leading politicians and journalists were linked to Swaroops's activities, which in addition to passing highly sensitive miti tary and political secrets, |Included a gitåt ing for recognition of Israel, Conducting anti-Soviet propaganda with American funds, and acting as Taiwans un official ambassador. Swaroop was also head of the local branch of WACL, the ultra-right World Anti-Communist League.
In 1978 he arranged a secret wist for Israeli defense II in lister Moshe Dayan with Moraj Deal, who had briefly replaced Indira LLLLLaLLS S SLL S aaaHS LL HLHLS LLLL LLLLLS Desai's son was one of those linked to Swaroop's spy ring.
The former Israeli consul in Bombay told the Jerusalem Post that Swaroop had Indeed set up meetings with Indian politicians for visit Ing Israelis and that he had been paid for his services
by the piece, r. ged on a retalin C charges fabricat foreign ministry no intention of
Defending Sw is is rael's biggest attorney Ram Jet thc prosecuting WW II | - | W | Li : malfa San C2 a galir minister indira de cca Sed som Sa
Jeth malani ap F QWEr for SWaro P. N. Lekh, whic the gover mont for Swaroop, af cated in the defended Satwan tի է: Տ1:ll ml ||tirl
HC Lurd of
Ties to Sikh
The T hawe reports, impossi that Israel also to some Sikh Ti the Mexican gos 29 Indians, " 'pi to the assa 55. In Gandhi," Accor France-Presse, |t h13 d bg::Tn tJ|i nz, an Immigra dחםappreh חWhe 29 had been or the US to see had entered Parlama and Gu: śāld Blåth Cf countries where Chris Wit. military Institut
"Israel knows tight spot with a journalist farmi Asian affairs," a the Sikh5 a5 │e', other analysts did not find the ed that Israe the sight of the democracy los in méםוח if only participation in
Towerient has the status of
Ol nations, , stead-fast cham timi PA riħ ; 3 g.
[ Isrdes Foreigri Af

ather than enga!r. Declaring the ions," the Israeli
said Israel had helping Swaroop,
aroop, however, booster in India, hmalami, HC w 15 attorney who in for electoral 1st the late Prime Gandhi and her пjay iп 1975.
arently has taken p's first attorney was barred by from appearing ter he Was implicase, Lekhi had t Singh, one of ts charged with Indira, Gandhi
Militants
been pers is tent ble to confit T,
has connections tants. Recently vernment arte sted "esumably linked lation of Indira ding to Agence he agency said d by Jose Jimetion officia, that ed in Caxaca the their way to k asylшпm. They Mexico through 1teriala, Ji Tenez the lattet Te Israel has strong :h the national
- 5וחם
India is in a the Sikhs," said Ilir With South ind is simply using erage." Several of Indian affairs notion far fetch. I would enjoy world's largest its footing, even 2rı tarily, India's the noma ligned greatly enhanced ..he grouping of which has been ion of the Pales.
fairs, - May 1986)
Afghan pact. . .
(Cantinued front page 7)
He expressed confidence that the war-stricken people of Afghanistan Would support h is construtoga initiati We.
Ear Hiero | In thn aferomoon, Pri rig Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Dr. Najib ullah began the first round of their discussions on the newlyemerging situation of Afghanistan following the Geneva accord.
While delegations of the two countries held 5e parate meeting5
the Lwo eaders were Elas at Led for more than |50 minutes without a des. No official World Was
awal la ble om the Exact ma ture of the talks but they are understood to have centred around the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan beglnning on May 15 and the overall security environment of the region.
PAK STANCE
Before going Into discussions with Dr. Najibullah, Mr. Gandhi i 5 unders; tood to hawe deerin briefed
by Foreign Secretary K. P. S. Menon on his talks in Pakistan from where he returned earlier in the day.
Mr. Gandhi and Dr. Najib ullah are scheduled to hold another round of talks tomorrow of the day after.
It is learnt that the two leaders reviewed in detail the possible Pakistan stance in the wake of the accord and the Soviet withdrawal, besides the dangers posed to the region by the acquisition of sophisticated US arms by the military regime in Islamabad.
Although Foreign Secretary Menon had told news men on arrival here from Pakistan that his talks had gone"very well" in Islamabad, there was considerable dismay here from Pakistan's assertson that India." Invitatian to Dr. Najibu||lah was "un fortunate.' Foreign office sour. ce5, however, refused to react to this state Tent.
Both Afghanis tan and India a Ppeared determined to make a success of the Genewa accord and pledged support for each other for olving press ing regional Problems.
3.

Page 16
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Page 17
Israel uses toxic gas
Wien na Re Luter)
gold Iers haye || LJGod new and highly toxic gases against demonstrators in Gaza and the Wes Bank, a United Nation 5 doctor who returned from the
the region recently sa I d.
Dr John Hiddlestone, director of health of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency, said at least two Palestinian youths had died after being sprayed, and in two camps he was told that 60 women had miscarriages after being affected by gas.
He said Israeli tro o P5 i Were using the new gases in addition to normal tear gas to quel palestinian riots in Gaza and the West Bank. One kind of gas caused severe abdominal pain and another immobilized its victims by weaken ing muscles when in haled,
In one incident he alleged that two young men were beaten and an aerosol was sprayed into the room. "The room was then shut and after a hour or 50 EWO bodies were removed."
He said samples of the spray, which formed a reddish powder on the walls, had been sent to the International Red Cross for analysis, "We have not yet had the results of that analysis but It looked as though these were some very toxic nerve gas," he added.
Dr Hidd lostone also described injuries he said were a result of beatings of Palestinians by Israeli soldiers using batons made of iron covered with plastic,
"They hit the cheekbones, causing the eye to come out." he said. "There was such a degree of accuracy that they must have had training for this particular blgw, ""
In Tel Aviv, military officials acknowledged that people with
health complical harmed by the strongy den led I fu und er norm3 But an official 5 that a trement tear gas, for Si heart problem, poor effect."
Of the baton said: "Metal ic plastic are not st
Gaza's Si fa ho: day that a 70-ye woman from a r after inhaling te o Luis day.
Relief agency : 32.52 Palesti niin: in clashes. With forces since last
World Co., Ол PILO лі
The Wor: || C. the United State laterally shut d Liberation Orga in New York,
The ruling imp the US no. We L. T1 i 5 g. 1 on to the ll supporting the the di 5 pute mi LS1 independerh t arb
"The court the opinion that of America 15 Headquarteir5 Ag 1974 is under to eter to : dispute between of Amerlea and L. said the ruling of the court, ti the United Na

Ions could be
tear gas, but t would be har T| Circu T5 taite5. ald: "| belie we |ous amount of meone with a
might have a
accusations, he ads wrapped in andard practice.'
5 PE L al said y esterar-old pales tirnian efugee camp died a gas the previ
sources said that
had been injured Israeli security Decembet.
rÉ ru Ring Iѓssјол
THE HAGUE
ourt ruled against 5' at tempt to unio the Pag5tile risation's mission
licitly condemned o close the PLO Jnited Nations by UN Position that - b 2 5 LubT | tt c:d to it" tito Th...
unanimous y 5 of the United States a party to the reement of June 26.
an obligation . . .
1rb | tra tion of the the United States he United Nations, by the 15 judges he judicial arm of tions.
FOREIGNA News
The tear gas
Galmister
Donald E. Wagner
n 9 February 1988, visited Dahaisha refugee camp near Bethlehem in the Israeli-occupied West Bank. A nine-year-old boy, who had narrowly escaped being kidnapped by militant sraeli Setters near his home the Previous day, brought me a used tear gas can lister which had been shot into Daha İsha during the weekend.
was then taken to the home of a young mother cof 24 who was seven months pregnant until 9 February 1988. A tear gas can 15 ter was shot Into Her home during the dinner hour. The next day she lost her baby. We walked up to the house to pay a Condolence wis it and het sistet said: "She L5 mot here. She had to Eo to the hospital this Torning for an operation."
The tear gas canister was a
silver cylinder, approximately one and a half inches In width and six inches in length. As
| examined it, a fine black powder fel from the throa holes at its base. I could feel the powder affect my eyes and sting a cut on my face.
ELaL LLL S LLLL SS LH LLHLLL LL LLL S LHOuu the following text: "Mk. 1560 CS" in bold letters. Immediately below was written "50-yard long Range Projectile", followed by the emblem of Federal Laboratories (a knight In armour clutching à spear). Below the emblem in smaller latters were the following instruction 5: "To be used by trained personnel only. WARNING: May start fires. Must not be fired directly at persons as death or injury may result. For outdoor use only, FEDERAL LABORATORIES, INC. Saltzburg, Pennsylvania 5681, USA. The concluding line on the canister was equally instructive: "Made In the LJSA 3-5678 °FG | 988."
|S

Page 18
The Killing of Abu Jih
pril - three days before the AE.
Thric Labour Ministers in the nå tional unity Coalition with the Likud Party expressed reservations from tha s Iart. They wera Shimon Percs, the Labour Party leader, Foreign Minister. Ezer WeizmTan, the forrmaro RAF trairoid Fairforce Commander Who is now come of Israel's for Cmicist do wees, and Yitzhak Navon, the Education a LLLLLLS L COLL L0L 0LHHLLLL LLLLHH HaL LLLLLLLLS Eers of the O-man inner-cabinet supported the raid. They were Yitzhak Rabin, the Defence Minister, and Halm Bar-Ley, the Police Ministet. Both of the T hawe 5 crved as chiefs-of-staff.
Critics of the plan are under. stood to have pointed out the da mage done to Israel's image abroad after assassination teams were unleashed against Palestinian targets in Europe following the September 1972 massacre of II kidnapped Israeli atheletes at the Municn Olympics. Under the codename, Wrath of God, these teams bombed and shot their way across Europe, killing one man in Paris with a bomb that was activated by calling him on the telephone. But in July 1973 the WOG teams came to grief in Norway, a good friend of Israel's when four of them were picked up at Oslo airport after they had murdered
a Moroccan disc jockey in the small town of Lillehammer. They al II es caped with short prison
sentences but it marked the end of the WWCG textarmış.
Israel's decision to return to a policy of selective assassinations, especially if they involve the kind of hutzpah the world applauded at Entebbe, 15 se en as an attempt to restore the deterrent effect of the Israel military.
The four-month Palestinian upri. sing in the occupled territores has fostered notions of Israel
Special
and
Vulnerapility. T the Up rlsing whi 5шddепly becaп athlets of the а Іопе hang-g|| ra tCEd Thor therrn six soldiers.
Generals and taken every oppo the Arabs that job is to defend fight an enemy teenaged boys : puts and mc Where weer a Intercepted the shly praised for natism and dedic Tals beliewed to: ved in planning
55.25:1 to young officers ir om Beirut or | Which three P at least one in Women Were k. Major General Eh most decorated now Deputy Chi Major General now chief of mili
Dressed in d
A third officer In the 1973 rai burger, said this what I read in the raid in T. similar to the op The fact that c by the beach h brought the co, from the Ir- [:1rg what happened
Three Mossad con false Lebanes into Tunisia and tra 15it buses ant in the raid. Th found abandoned beach where an boat is thought ashore between TThãndøs in rubhữr

ad
FOREGIM MEWNWYS
report by COLINSMITH in London ERIC SILWER in Jerusalem, MIKE THEODOULOU in MicOS iia
his began before En the Palestinians Te the military World stage when der pilot Penet
Israel and killed
politІсіап5 have rtunity to remind the army's main the borders and Thore || Cathā | than li rrimed with catalotov cocktails, error squad is soldiers are laytheir professoation. Two genehave been in wol; the Abt Jhad ook part
the Israeli raid 0 April 1973 in LO leaders and 10 cent Lebanese illed. They are ud Barak, Israel's soldier who is ief of Staff, and A minon Shahak, tary intelligence.
rag
who took Part d. Shmuel Frg55Weekend: "From the newspapers IIIisia Y:5 very e ratio 1 I rn Beirut. ar 5 wote found aving apparently m mando 5 to and et i 5 TIL here." agents travelling 2 passports flew hired the two the car used 25: Were later C1 a 5 cluded Israeli missile to have ferried 30 and 40 contdinghies. These
men belonged to a unit called Sayaret Matkal, which means "reconnals ance party of the General Staff."
Out to sea was an Israeli Boeing 707 packed with electronic counter-leasures which were capable of blocking all telephone calls and radio messages from Abu
Jihad's villa. The aircraft was on Flight Path Blue 2, the normal commercial route between Sicily and Tunis, which comes under Italian flight control. The actual hit squad seems to have consisted of nine people. The
veteran Pressburger, who is running for Mayor of Jerusalem on
on the right-wing Likud ticket, was intrigued by reports from Tunis that a woman was seen
among the k|llers just as there had been after the Beirut raid.
Last Week he revealed in an Interview with à loca weekly pa Per that on that occas||cor the W. C. mām w15 Thong Cither tham h|5
comrade, Ehud Barak, who had dressed in drag while making a final reconnaissance. In Tunis
the commandos, using what appears to hawe been silenced submachine guns, shot his two Palestinian bodyguards and a messenger who regularly stayed overnight before proceeding to the first floor. Herce Abu Jihad (the name literally means Father Holy War) emerged from his study and stepped into Palestinian legend with a pistol in his hand. He is said to hawe been hit almost || C00 til mes from the Israelis" automatic weapons.
His wife in tissar, mother of five, then appeared with their teenaged daughter. In tissar saw her husband lying in a pool of blood and, thinking her last moment had come as well, turned her face to the wall to a wait the executioner's bullet. Instead,
(Continued on page 22)

Page 19
SPECIAL TO THE L. G.
Iran-Contragate: What See in the Establishme
Douglas Allen
Many Citizens in the United States believe that we got the best politicians that money can
buy. But is it really possible that the dollar has become so dewa lued? So The commentators
attack voter apathy, but lookIng at the televised hi carings of the Iran–Contra Congressional Committee In 1987 måde ong realize that such apathy at least partially reflects good common 5 | * E.
What follows are four major les sons of Iran-Contragate, lessons that will never ba seer In the establishment media, the sole of liformation of Iran
SOLITICE: Con tragate for at least 90 percent of the U.S. Public. We
sha || focus on the Contra 5, since the committee was not willing to defend the Reagan Administratorns sā of Trīs to rā. Nevertheless, at least our second, third, and fourth l'essons apply as well to tan as to the Cont".
The Biased Composition of the Committee
Much of our disappointment can be related to the extremely conservative nature of thO committee. The Republicans, as one would expect, loaded the committee with right w Ing Ideologues, who used the hearings to protect President Reagan, lobby for the Contras, and attack the hearings themselves.
Perhaps most revealing on the Republican sida is the record of the two Republican committee members most attacked by the rightwing for betraying Reagan and being too critical of the administration's Iran-Contra policies. The media even described Senator Warrem R. U dan of New
DOLglas Allen is a Professor cf Philosophy at the University of Maire in Orcino, Maine, U.S.A. He is on the Editorial Board of the Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars.
Hampshire and Cohen of Maine; 1 ora "" || b) : *וחכום ש| ח:gוWW I record on aid
t. hg2 rm i l i tary bu number cf otF foreign policy is i libera Core with the Rea | 00% of the til qui te so Predi [[]. T15 g. Tự HL |''B' []] time, including : So much for the
Republicans.
The De Tocr: guard themsel
predictable righ they are шпра! O וחוחםםLחח 15חנ Coliittee With t|We DCTIOCrat5 Heflir ard Bor. forceful leading policy toward the committce.
Perhaps most Democratic side of the hearings of Reagan's liral the dramatic a speech given b: |-|-|-|| Cf ||-a tLured Oli yer N Mitchel say? Thay dlsagree. " Issue of aid to sliot, Theall thilt le 55 or o we ni you do. Mitch that he was his position wa Et hår i North", expressing a d W|Sw. The saneeded to mak : Ti ini sila | toletä fanaticist, and was praised as much սեout biased nature
The Eblas cd c: ra-Corra CC from the figures to three-for : sesסקublic opק

: You’ll Never ent Media
S1 WW|| || as the "" ing derate"" : rall" Republicans. 25 to his voting to the Contras, dget, and a large 1er military and 5ues. Rudrian has of 0%; he voted an administration me, Cohen is not table: he voted nly 85% of the id to the Contras, myth of moderate
its, probably to wes against the twing charge that riotic, i.e. 'soft '' loaded the man y Conserwasuch as Nunn, an. None of the critics of U.S. Nicaragua Were an
revealing on the was the highlight for many critics h-Contra policles: ind "courageous' y Senator George ne When he le cվՃrth. What did The fact that I with you on the the Contras does I love my country y God less than e II teassured Luis not argu ing that 15 more adequate he was simply ifferent point of t thilt osie given such a case for nce and a galmst that such a defense remarkable, says the dangerously if the hearings.
om position of the
m mit TL | 5 |Ar : While two-thirds is of the U.S.
id to the Contras,
two-thirds (17 of Zé) of th3 committee member 5 hawe suppor
Cid Contra aid.
Le55OT I: McCarthyism is Alive and Sick
Throughout the hearings, one observed the legacy of McCarthyism rearing its ugly and dangerous head; blind, falsely-patrio tio ar li — Communism, alia, ITT niing and dominant, often bordered on what in other societies we would label fascism.
Omi: || || ustrator wi|| || Suffice: three months of er dess rightwing speeches and hundreds of references to the Contras as "our Nicaraguan freedom fighters." This was a perfect illustration of the Big Lie. One of the saddest moments in the hearings occurred when Senator Daniel Inouye, an opponent of aid to the Contras, became so defensive that he blurted out that he opposed aid to "our freedom fighters." As ||Herals
one critic observed the just sat there like warts on a Pickle.
No coin Tittee member dared to challenge the months of lobbying for 'our Nicaraguan freedom fighters'. No member spoke of "our Nicaraguan puppets," even though the Contras a re largely a U.S.-created and maintained counter-revolutionary force. No member spoke of "our Nicaraguan terrorists," even though the Contras direct most of their military effort toward terrorizing the ci w i lian population, No member spoke of 'our Nicaraguan fascists," even though the overwhelming majority of the Contra military leaders were Part of Somoza's fascist Lc National Guard. No member spoke of "our Nicara guan baby-killers," even though 42% of Nicaraguans killed by the Contrast have been children. No T1ember Spoke of " "our Nicaraguarı ra Polists and torturers," even though widespread rape and torture by the Contra have bem documented

Page 20
by International humanitarian.
Organizations.
To speak of our Nicaraguan puppets, terrorists, fascists, babykillers, rapists and torturers Would, of course, be tanta mount to political suicide. Through the continuing poisonous legacy of McCarthyism, such fabricated anti-communist 'freedom fighters', became the dominant theme of the hearings.
Less on 2: An Exercise in Damage Contro
The i Iran-Con traga te hearings were basically an exercise in damage control, more of an
avoidance than a serious attempt at getting at the truth. As With the Wietnam War and Watergate, the unsuccessful U.S. Policies, In this caso directed toward Nicaragua, had led to disas trous consequences which threatened to bring about a histor||cal and structural change of power. Similarly, unsuccessful U.S. policies toward Iran, from Washington's support of the Shah through the disasters of the Carter administration to Reagan's failures in recent years, had threatened to bring about signficant changes of power in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East. The Tower Commission and the Iran-Contra CoTTittee were umusual but necessary dewi ces for limiting the damage of Iran-Contragate and preserving the status զLIG.
Perhaps most basically, no committee Tember ralised kcy guestions about U. S. policies that are essentially anti-democratic in that they align themsel wes with the yested interests of the wealthy landlords, large capitalists, are repressive military of Central America and against the sei f-determination and empowerment of the workers. Such anti-democratic policies, of course, require massive military and economic intervention in order to preserve the imporial status quo. (These points, defining Washington's politie toward Centrā Americā, ar also essential in understanding the history of U. S. policies to. Ward Iran.)
8
Lesson 3: An Imperialist/ Agenda
'ers of Committee simpl different agenda LI: Concerned wil of Contragate. was always clear Wing ideologues. minority also did (qLI (25 tlcor 1S Ce 1 tra I They limited th such conter sing ag irid iwiduals profitt 53 le 5 to Iran and of the Contra 5.
Committe a me rais e questions tory, which inclu Len major ll. S. T of Nikaragu a slnice never raised que record of U.S. and domination of Central Amer ed basic questi polici es that hi: and continue to tary and econon ir Centra Arter
Members new basic questions : timacy of DIA a operations. (Cov were assumed b to be legitimate, feʼW crI t ic5 "a I5e; tions about whe Cow ert operation SIWE " YE || || 2 w cen took 52 rico ra 55 ing questions tra 5 and drug tr;
In short, the
that al Iran-Cor te e members, iT plicitly, assumed
and imperialist p challenged thern.
Le550r1 4: The Fundame U.S. Policies
The fourth an of Contra gate, r at the hearings, c either a few owe or a few money duals, but rathe Te Welation5, and Luna sked questions information, say a toward Central

nterventionist
the Iran–Contra
y have a very from filian 5 af th the policies
This of course, with the rightbue the i bara
Fā5E bā to Contragatc. Ieir industry to Whethet Gorma 2d from the arms the diversion
mbers did not about U.S. hisdes more than ilitary invasions
1850. Members stions about the Corporate greed
of the peoples i Ca. new er ta i 5ons about U.S.
We necessitated netessitate Tii ||- 1. We it.
2 eWen raised About the legind other covert "er. a Perations y al II members even though a a few questher a specific might be exceslegal.) No one
ly the embarabout the coraffick Ing. third lessor is tragate Commitplicitly or exin terwentionist olicies. No one
tal Basis of
di mar e 55o
E "W" E " Triti loes not concern rzealous faratics -Seeking in divir what all the
especially the and suppressed Ibout U.S. policy
America (and
Iran), about the U.S.'s fudemental economic, political, and Cultural values, and about militaryindustrial structures of power.
At the and of World War II, all of the other major countrics were greatly weakened militarily and economically. The United States alone was greatly 5 trengthen cd. Economically, pol |- tically, and militarily, the U.S. was number one; its closest competitor was distant second. The U.S., as the world's number one power, increasingly perceived its Self-interes as ma itaining the Status quo. J.S. policles become increasingly counter revolutionary' 5ince revolution threatemed the Status quo.
At the same time, the period was one of rising national liberation movements, struggles of the former colon les in Africa, Asia, and Latin America fot national independence and self-determination. This Towerinent was, and continues to be, world histor||cal development: the greatest movement toward democracy in the sense of economic, political, and cultural empowerment and self-determination. These two forces – Counterrevolution and revolution, domination and selfdetermination - are on a colition course. For us, the fundamental question of the Iran—contra affair is the basic question: Which Side are you ono
On the one side are those respons ble for Iran-Contragate and those on the Crimittee who accept and perpetua te U.S. interwention is who in woke anti-cornmunism to silence their critics, and who, when necessary, exercise devices of da Tage contro to minimize their losses.
On the other side are those of us who do not regard the peasants and workers of Central America as our enemies, who do not regard the religions liberation communities as our enemies, and who do not regard those strugg|Ing for a new economic, political, social cultural, and moral order - in which they can relate to us as equals - as our enemies. They are our sisters end brothers. Their struggle, and their coming freedom is our freedom.

Page 21
JHARKHAND'S ROOTS
Tribal dentities in lind
Arwind N. Das (Assistant Editor, Times of Indi
he inability of Indian state to
cope with tribal movements | like the res urgent Jharkhand agitation is historica. Indeed the problem of the relationship bet. ween the tri bals and so-called main Stream population 15 civilisational in spite of the fact that the development of Indian civilisation afid Culture is a sa ga cof tha Inter twining of the tribal and non-tribal strands. Although Indian history has not witnessed the mass extermination or bru tal subjugation of indigenous peoples as happened in America or Aust
ralia, despite the integral role of the tribal's manpower and natura resources in the Indian
economy and in the evolution of tha material and Thora Cultura of India, the tribals hawe always boen considered alien, "the other', exotic and marginal. The response
of the state to thern has been conditioned by this,
At the best of times, the hegemonistic subjugation of the tribal has always carried the
Implicit threat of coercion. Thus even after Priyadarsh Ashok, the Mauryan emperor, had renounced war and taken to dhammd vJay (conquest through righteousness), hi5 ediet addre 55ed to the atowskas, the forest-dwellers, forefathers of today's Jharkhands, grimly reminded them, "Forget not that
the Bellowed of the Gods, in addition to being righteous, is also powerful'. The rulers of today, especially. En benighted
Bihar, certainly do not have that sophistication of expression. Their response to the tribal's mowellent is one of sher coercion in the
form of the function ing of the unthinking machinery of State power".
Outside the state apparatus also, there is no clarity about the content of the Jharkhand,
Towerment. In spite of its profes
(ExC/S we to lar
Sed Cortment tion, rights of oft-repeated as: quate royalt le 11 era | resourci to areas of the CPI (M) se es
We 5 у festation of . needs to be co other side of dwide, the BJP 5 of Christiāri ni | |255 extrermi5 t5 it patroni 5 ing ca (forest-dwellers opinion as at a with the 55u explanation for formulation of ; idem tities.
All these sha by the picture an unchang ling otherwise, and the political movement. The tion of "tribe", f, anthropology a adopted by the gents a leads ti quata response complex phenol
To begin at Is particularly discu 55 ion of "t "tribe" red in "race", A fail |ac repeated by anthropologists with the help in a 55 um ing in f. Ertl | ly common an C characterstics. has facilitated and economic communities. It accidental that of Colomi || 5r administrators, ргоto-anthгоро Էign: Ճf thը

lian History
d) 7ka Guardiar7)
to decentralisaminorities and its ; gerti on that ade5 from natural is should accrue Ir location the the Jharkhand el la noth 2r Than (= separatism which batted. On the the ideological ge5 s|nister designs ssionaries and godInstigating what II as simple barvasis
}. Such liberal | concerns itself e finds an easy
It in the pat
assertion of ethnic
de 5 arte Colou Ted of the tribal at sawage, noble or do not recognlse economy of the simplified concepostered by colonial nd unchallengingly un critica un intelliD simple and inadeto an Immensely לוחםחEוד
the beginning it important in any ribes" to note that it be related to ty has often been ethnographers and a-historically or of pseudo-history thair use of "tribe." -sedסקtles a supחuוו :e stry and specific Such presumption political, cultural domination of such is also not merely only in the heydeys in did colonial
Who Whore the logists, label secple asטsub|ect pe
racially defined tribes. Before that "Out5|ders' Who cüme İrı to Contact with such communities - generally referred to them as 'people', 'kingdoms', 'dwellers of certain regions," etc.
Indeed, in the Indian historica tradition, the Fe is no equ|valent of the value-loaded term 'tribe". The nearest concept is that of the Sanskrit Janah which de notes the agglomeration of Indiwiduals with a defin te territorial, kinship and cultural pattern. Prior to the colonial annexation of parts of India inhabited by such groups. most of the presently designated SLLaaLS HL KLC S KLaLLLLS aLLLCLLLLLLL L of their ethno-tribal i den titles, or called themselves "people" wis - a-wls others. The Issue of juxtaposed Identlty was very Iпрогtant in the demarcation of self-identity as the latter was neither conceptually autonomous nor, in practcal existence, particularly distingulshable.
It was only when the perpetrators of colonialist who conceived of themselves as racially distinct and superior, faced formidable opposition from "forest-dwellers, "primitive groups' etc., as compared to the relatiwely si Tipler subjugation of the "mainstreal' population, many of these "peoples' were termed "tr|bes ind attributed
ratia | Character 15 tits which Wera borrowed from the colonial experience in America, Australia
and Africa. They were simplistically distinguished fron Hindus and Muslims on the assumption that they were animists whereas other's Were not. On the economi || c. 5 scale they were placed as being "backward' food-gatherers or shif
ting cultivators. On cultural criteria, obviously artificial and alien, they were described as being "primitive”. On Juridical
grounds, since they were difficult to subject, many of them were

Page 22
classified as being "criminal". And, in tune with the different phases of colonial administration, they were el ther brutual y suppressed or subjected to special regulations which at best amounted to paternalistic des Potism,
Through the systematic fragmen. tation of the non-racial and composite culture of India ti situation was created where most such "peoples' have come to be known today by names they did not recognise themselves. Thus, while several widely dispersed masses of people were brought under a blanket Ti. Comenclature, a number of cognate groups of people were arbitrarily divided into several communities. In the | 93 || Census at te Tipt was made by the colonial administration to ist the "Primitive tribas". Shorty thereafter, the Government of
India Act of 1935 redesignated them as "backward tribes''. After independence, special provisions
for the administration of these peoples were made under which they were Histed In 5eparat 02 schedules of the Constitution, thus creating the term 'scheduled tribes".
In short, tribe' in India is esentially a politico-administrative Category. The eminent sociologist Ramakrishna Mukherjee has asked ""Should the juridical category of scheduled tribes, which may grind a political axe, be our guide to impose invidious distinction of "tribals" and others in Indian society?" However, through the ad hoc, un Scientific, Stereotyped classification geared to administratiwe ends, a political categorisation of society has been reified into becoming social reality.
A Critical analysis requ Tres fresh thinking on stereotypes and tired old images of ethnic identity and makes it necessary to examine two important aspects. (1), the distinction, if at all possible, of tribe from other social aggregates like peasantry, caste, Ca5, 5, EtC. and (2) the con temporary a Selfperception of the Concerned peaplc. Historically this exercise is extremely difficult because the entire course of Indian history
O
shows tribal eller in general societ tribal society v Insulated is paten some anthropolo
concluded that colonialism that and the "primi
What căn cert coloniali 5 m chan and level of triba Interaction. In text a Yery ||m| that many of the Cult||yator 5 ||n tt and practically from other peas: tical anthropolo to di 5 ca Td 5 or trib e 5 and CCTE the fact that aggregate of trib ceptual artid, if so only in the and that what tribes in transit
THIS Tea||5at it transition 15 Pe with the pers pe Unchanging, undi lomerates eking in struggle not bLI t with the elli nature. In contr tribal stereotype on the Republl tribes are intern not only by a but also a secu nomic hierarch) devolution of ec power. A rnd, cl tr"i E25, 3, 5 ; Th G has to be anal fra The work of c
A creati we ap analysis to chan |es, has to relate: external forces se 'yes with in th tural organisiation ever, a widely om the articulati
na and Inter na dynamics of tr in fact based
paradox of dis-ar physical displac groups from the by non-tribals,

ments being fused y. The idea that was isolated and tly false. Indeed gists have even it was only the the "isolated' tive" was born.
ainly be said that ged the context l-non-tribal social the present ConJortant aspect is tribes are 5 ett led 2rnally stratified ind ist inquisha ble int gro LP5, Crigy has thus had ne myths about I to terms with the ideal social e is merely conit existed, it did undefined past exist today are | trl
in of tribes in a sants does away ctive of til Teless, fferen Liated Congout subsistence with gt Her men Bermental fortes of last to the idyllic : depicted annually C Day tableaux, ally differentiated ritual hierarchy lar politics-ecobased on the on critic and social hange among the ng other people, ysed through the ass.
plication of class ge in tribal Societo the issue of how articulate the Ile tribal socio-cul1, Ironically how
accepted theory iom of the exter| factors in the ibal societiles is
on the curious 'ticulation through ement of tribal ir original habitat
The dis-articulation theorists base themselves on the assumption that tribes were pushed back Into Inhospitable terrains by waves of Aryan Invaders. Not only does such ethnology ignore that in many respects the Aryans themselves, s Luch as they were, seen to hawe been constituted of what would appear to be tribal formations but also, given the Stage of production, the sparsity of popula
tion and large-scale availability of fert le lands in that Period, it was neither necessary nor
possible to carry out displacement of aboriginal population.
The answer to the displacement theorists lies in the stages of production of various social groups. The agriculturists and traders Inhabited the river banks of Wes
torn india and coastal outposts, the pastoral people spread out In due course a long the lush
river valleys castwards and the
hunters and gatherers lived in the uplands which were suited to their ap Pro Friation of sub
sistence without the necessity of clearing dense forests, a task which would in any case hawe been Impossible without the use of "Cor.
These se Para te modes of exister ce Were of Cour52 : articula Led
with each other. There were not only commercial, political and cu Lira | com Lacs. Et ut each one also took over aspects of this very production activities from the other. The post-colonia 1 administrator-anthropologist
K-Suresh Singh has pointed out that the names of a Turm bert of agricultural implements mentioned in wedic literature, like langala or hala (plough), Kuddasa (spade), etc. are of Mundari tribal e ty Tiological origin. It is also an immense significance that the sources of the most wital element in production for the last two thousand five hundred years - iron - are largely located in precisely thos e a reas which are the tri bal heartland, the region which was called Jhark and by Akbar's chroniclers.
NEXT. Ethnicity and
Regionalism.

Page 23
The peasant -
S. Pathirawitana
Tಳ್ಗಿ rice was (and still 15) politics in Sri Lanka, griculture has enjoyed no such eminence in the thinking of the country’s Political left.
What it has preferred to tell us is about is agri-business. Under British colonialism and in the salad days of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party, it was the Planters' Raj the young radicals tried to take on. And in out what are known as neo-colonial days, there are some fringe |eftist partles 5 na PP ing and biting at the multi-nationals who are planning to gobble down the country's agriculture in LatinAmerican style,
And in Latin-American style there are a few cassocks leading the fight. The absence of the orthodox Marxist left in this struggle is striking. Is it because agribusiness is another of those areas where both the democratic plutocrats and the Orthodox Matxists hall each other || ke lost brothers? For, after all, peasant agriculture, where a lone man treads after a lonelier plough singing snatches of encouragement to his buffaloes or horse, now there's a was te of time for you.
Think of the output of a single two-wheeler, belching black Smolka into the blue sky, and the increased yield which will help the poor yoke to have more of radios, TVs, ártificial texti|cs and a lot of other bric-a-brac. Lenin too dreamed of it in that way and equated socialism with electricity.
But we, even without enjoying a || the megawatts promised hawe, in the last eleven years despite our tea, rubber and coconut fetchAng, un steady price5, had a tremen
Mr. Pathira vitarna is a Seri for Four Tallist Grid a former Editar of the Ceylon Daily News
nobody'
U5 eše Has this in any w content of our has the time a 'supermarket 1. of our people to get the good is
|f Լիլ IIlt:r E Int goods and mone etc) i 5 bound to happiness, then 5 that has gone by memorable, But do those who h II, those who ih goodies and tho only on the tri this historic e am5wer to thlt believes this Dharm Ishta era.
When the poli on to the subje promises to erad he is talking non said that Power, tion and Crime. dable why the holding the reli anxious to ellir the agitator out o to agitate, if in est for te wolu
To escape th Let us see what to say about poy with Plato who is - 1515 | 5 || 1 || || one's possession crease of one's E us to the though poor are really sowing the seeds where by their
But no politi ewen the de cerni :h - סוwh דוdhחGa poverty on her hawa been b5-d a decrease of .

S CalSe
matorial goods. ray increased the happineness? Or nd gitt er of our :reased the desir I Work har der to
of life 2
:Tę55, of matat|| by (by pay hikes a increase human urely the decade will remain truly w| L 2 How ave gone through awe received the tie who had them ickle, feel about ra ? The simple is nobody now 5 the promised
tical agitator gets ct of poverty and cate it you know sense. Aristo El 2 ly breeds revolu
It is ur det stanpolitica agitator ns of power is ninate it, while fpower is inclined ot for crime at LIOT,
o yyi les of both th thinkers hawa erty. Let's begin lays that "power ty he dorse of s, but In the Inreed' which leads that the World's the Titi Who ar a of poverty everystyle of life,
cal agitator, not - anes II ke Indira ad eradication of program, would enough to offer Jossessions as the
way to eradicate poverty. One man in our time did in fact make It his way of life. But there are no serious takers now, though hordes followed him then, among the political agitators of his country to listen to Mahatma Gandhi.
At least On e Gandhian e Cono mist of that time raised a question which is of relevance today when people in the West and East are both concerned about Alternate Styles of Living. Bharatan Kumarappa wrote: "the question of whether an abundance of goods is necessary for human well-being is newer so much as raised, "
Poverty was only to be men. tioned in passing. The main thing that I needed to say was that the Sri Lankan peasant is in danger of extinction. The billions that the World Bank and the IMF or one side and the Anglo-Saxons the Nordles and the Teutons on the other are Pouring in to the Mahawell may enable the peasant to buy his little radio or TV or that cheap gew-gaw from Taiwan, but they will all be responsible for destroying his contentment and happiness and freedom when he is reduced to the status of a Wage slave working for a multi-national
producing a monotonous variety of bana na cor oranga.
With him will die ower 2500
years of agricultural practice which as tonished ab: erwers from the
West. Here is one such pre-industrial revolution observation made by that practical minded,
utilitarian Robert Knox, Who Wa5 a prisoner in this country for 19 years in the 17th Century. Refering to the Sri Lankan plough Knox says:
| said before it was a crooked piece of Wood, it is but little
bigger than a Man's Arm, one end whereof is to hold by, and the other to root up the Ground . . .
교 |

Page 24
These Ploughs are proper for this Country, because they are lighter, and so may be the more easier for turning, the Fields being short, so that they could not turn with longer, and if heavier they would sink and be unruly in the mud. These Ploughs bury not the grass as ours do, and there is no need they should. For their endeavour is only to root up the Ground, and so they overflow with Water, and this rot 5 the Grass.
These practices are observed even today, except that in the Mahawel in the drier season there is a restriction. In the use of tank water for paddy cultivation because the farmer is discouraged from "rotting the grass' (in expensive weed control) with "overflow of water' (agro-scientists a call this wasteful use of water). Despite the billions of rupees of faith built into the Maha well there isn't enough
water to crop the rice the way farmers want.
Knox also notes :
They never use any dung, but their manner of Plowing and soaking of their Ground serves Instoad thereof.
So flooding of the Paddy field for weed control (natural weedicide) is also the farmer's method of adding (non-chemical) fertiliser, effecting savings in foreign exchange
if such things were Opero tion then.
A joyous side to the agricultural
life is also noted by Knox who Writ A5
When they Till their Grounds, or Reap their Corn, they do it by whole Towns generally, a II helping each other for Attoms, as they call it; that is that they may help them as much, or as many days again in their Fields, which accordingly they will do... Every man during the reaping of his corn, finds all the test with Wictuals. The women's work is to gather up the Corn after the Reapers, and carry it all together.
Robert Knox was a Practis ing Christian who was only too awar he Wa5 ||wing among “heathens"
2.
and 'Idol worshi close to them. his Obserwator15 OWert action. E of insight into the people he , It could be said had the experien mean Ing.
A profounder ot Ing and errich in and applicable As lar countries minently rural, co later at the he imperialism and the Industrare a great lower o Sir George Bird
Birdwood was grew up in Mahr a close intimacy at different lewe better position who was a prisone as well, to apprec and wale of life Asian agriculture
Writing on the in his collection c under the Sanski George Birdwoot
The Indian plc part and parcel
lised way of the primitive a grant Toccule, tions, and deter 5. On 5 and the of the entire
economic Soci System built
In that || fe a II nate parts of c | Ti divisible who Provision and
ewery individu under the high tions, and eye ling perpetuat Son by those ca of caste or y hierarchy of
In Sri Lanka e of the populat Life 5 til reve "Prim I tiwe" toda throughout the Tank and Dago bols of peasant

PPers' to get too However accurate were in depicting hadn't the gift the life of the was living amang. of him that he ce but missed the
Waterial. g Knox's remarks -O, a great many which are predo. 125 tWC centuries ght of Wictorian
the Iriumph of Wolu tlon, from a f Indian culture, Wood.
born in India and atta and had such With Indiam life ls and was in a han Robert Knox, :r of his Puritanism :ia te the meaning revolving round
Mahratta Plough if e55 ays published "it title SWA, "Sir" H Says :
Lugh is, in short of a fixed, Cr ystali fe, where in . It is nd primary inteegulating the relamining the dinner|ti T1a, La character and in di 55 ouble ial, and religio Lug Іроп it.
are but co-ordife un divided and ple, where in the
r25 PECL. due Lo at are enforced, st rellglou5 sanry office and cal2d from father to rdinal obligations which the whole Hinduism hinges.
ver 70 Per cent | J1 is si || rura || .
plwes round this as it has done : CETIt Urie 5. The
ba concept, symculture, was put
out as a slogan by the agitators on the political right of this country. But they have dropped |C опce in power.
Instead of strengthening the peasant at grassroot level the agitators are now encouraging him to believe that well-being rests on an abundance of naterial goods. This is now creating far-reaching social, cultural and economic complication. The corTuption and moral confusion prevailing in the country today is due largely to the loss of faith in Institutions which people held in great esteem and sanctity un til recently.
The Killing. . .
(Continued from page 16)
she heard one of the hooded gun men Say to her daughter in Hebrew-accented Arabic: * Go. tend to your mother."
In Israel the death Jihad was hailed as a Victory by the citizens and even W Ft Illud in
of A,bu famous majority of its som 2 i Harals their criticism. "It is good for our egos but doesn't deal with the serious problems facing our country', wrote the columnist, Yoel Marcus, irn Haarletz. Prim e Mirmister Yitzhak Shamir still insists that the first he heard of the raid was when he switched on his radio. But the winks are getting broader. "Let us hope that our enemies will realise and understand that Israel knows how to wage war and that a II those who hurt us will be hurt manifold".
For the moment, men like Ezer Weizman, the Split fire pilot who became the architect of the overwhelming Israeli air victory in the 1967 war, remain voices In the wilderne 55. As a member of the cabinet he must stick to the fiction that Israel was not involved in the killing. All he can
say is: "If I had to make the decision I would have said no. The assassination didn't contri
bute to the fight against terroris m or to the peace process.'
Our correspondent in Jerusalem was subject to Israeli military censorship.
-- London Obserwert

Page 25
O link UI
with technolo
Few other countries can that capital invested ove 15 centuries ago in exter irrigation programmes is still contributing to the i
. . . . and Sri Lanka is
to these age old ass Diversion Complex. " into a better life.
CC channels a wide Lanka's agriculture Field to Factory Cottage Weaver,
l
Modern exper
improved
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

linking rodern technologY ots through the Maha Weli which will assuredly lift us
range of expertise into Sri and industry. From Paddy Floor from Plantation to
-
fise means

Page 26
Part II
Nikolai Bukharin : Cent
Reggie Siriwardena
The conclusion cannot, I think, be avoided that collectivisation
in 1929 and the early 'thirties was prer nature, since the Soviet economy could not yet afford
the agricultural machines and other
facilities that would have made possible willing movement towards collectiva farms. In 1930 there was an official estimate that 1,500,000 tractors
Were meded to er5ure fu colectivisation; actually, in 1929 the output was only 3,000; and in 1932 it was stil only 50,000.
The question must be therefore whether it would not have been Wiser to let smallscale peasant farming co-exist for Some time with socialist industry Ln til the Sovjet economy had the Sinews which would hawe made possible a more pain less advance.
raised
This does not mean that private
farming need necessarily hawe Stagnated in the Interwening period. Because of the low level of technology of peasant cultivation, it should hawe been possible to make Considerable increases in productivity by the supply of simple imple. ments (even produced on a craft emphasis on heavy industry). It should also have been possible, given the political will, to prepare the peasantry for future develop. ment of Collectives by promoting Inter mediate forms such as co-opeTIL W.G.
Like many conclusions about past history, this assessment must remain in determinate. Meanwhile, it is interesting to look at the measured judgment of Mikhail Gorbachev on this question, de li wered in his 70th a niversary speech last November, and cast in the restrained language appropriate to a ceremonial occasion He defended collectivisation as a transformation of fundamental ImPorta rice", but said :
A rigid centralisation and command system was impossible in
고
tacking the pi ioning rural ||
There was an of to fact as a class had in the years siri The principal the middle PE general the at mass of the P. been political if there had line to prom with the mid inst the kula) Would mot ha excesses that ing out collect most importan Social Pro CCSS deal depended was directed administrative Wiction had ar lem 5 could be overnight. F of the princip|| tion occurred
This is not Bukharin's wiew | a long way to the substantial objections to the
However, it
this respect that a Wolce that speak He fought agains lisation of th advocated the
individual state favoured comp different enterp of protecting qi that "the consul the economy for the consum waШred to disti mechanis II from under capitalism the Tarket co, tool of a socia all these ras

tenary Reassessment
oblems of refashfe.
LInderestimaton hat the peasапtry changed radically Ce the revolution. figure now was If i . תוחה: 5 ה: titude to the wast easantry . . . had y Tore judicious,
É 2f , og 1 o te the a Iliance dle peа 5 апtry agak . . . then there We been all those occurred in carryİVİ53 tion , , , Th|5 t and wery complex in which a great con local conditions by fundamentally Tethods. A conisen that all probSowed at a Stroke, lagrant violations les of Collect wisa
everywhere.
indentical with in 1929, but it goes wards recognising character of his a "revolution from
|5 tot опly in Bukharin remains is to the present. I the ower-centraeconomy: he autonomy of the enterprise: he Lition between ises as a leans Jality: hic asserted Ther Was not for out the economy Ar: and he endeanguish the market its specific form , maln(aining that uld be a useful ist economy. In pects his ideas
find a strong echo ln the reforms taking place in the Soviet Union today. It is not too much to say that in many ways Gorbachev has inherited the legaty of Bukharin.
There's a fina | reflection |
want to offer. In George Orwell's 1984 his hero, Winston Smith, has a job which involves eliminating from old newspapers facts which have become politically inconvenlent. This process of Continou5, alteration" Wrota Orwell, "was applied not only to newspapers, but to books, periodicals, pamphlets, posters, leaflets, films, sound-tracks, cartoons photographs - to every kind of literature or documen. tation which might conceivably hold any political or ideological significance." Everybody knows that Orwell's 'memory hole' in 1984 was an extension of the real practice of Stalinist Russla. You wi II remember the editions of the Great Soviet Encyclopaedia in which articles about formar leaders used to disappear when they became non-persons: you will recall the photographs of the Revolution retouched so as to eli Tiinate Trotsky. Yes, people did disappear down the memory hole in Stalin's Soviet Union as in Orwell's anti-utopia. But Orwell's Pessimistic fantasy was too myopic, too much at the mercy of a single-track ideological vision. it's now four years later than 1984, and the processes of the destruction of memory are being reversed. After half a century of slander succeeded by silence, Bukharin, and others like him, walk again. That's why I have placed at the centre of my play an old lady of 76 who has kept alive in memory, through twenty years in the prison Сапр.5, through another thirty years of loneliness, the words of a letter.

Page 27
Tres. the very coro I existencio. Puisating life force of nature.., so vital sur
Lur survival,
Lestructior of TTL-4-3,... UltiITI E ti' inevitable price of progress as technology strides ahead of nature, shattering the delicata eclusical balacio.
Öur contribulicy TI -- Respx) ndiz: to the call III di need of our country. we hinwe linched a Tissive, systeIuli: ini scientific reforestation schreime, We ha Ye already planted 975,000 trees at 姬
Ceylon Tobacco
Sharing and caring fo
 
 

評壓
raula Lawlana arid Villaparie on land unsuitable for croppirii,
() ur target . A breath lakirlig tiwa
million tour hundred Lhousand trois, cc vering 2,000 acre; hy 1987.
ir objective . Preserving... Rest lishing the life cycle of nature. Bridging the Eap between progress and nature. Planning... Planting... (ently nurturing. [ut timorrow's World Ciday"... [Giving back to mai [Liri: what progro&&
ng Lakes Ol.
Company Limited
r cour land and Her people

Page 28
WE ARE A DIFFERENT KINI
(7here are a multitude of ga
O They who guard the free
They who protect the bas
O They who guard the dem
of us are entitled to as
Each of us is a guardian to
dependency in d
BUT THE DIFFERENCE I
RESTS ON OUR DEEP CON
WE ARE TRUSTED GUARDIAN
MONEY, GUIDING YOU ON HOW
FOR YOU AND YOUR DE
SO REACH
FOR YOUR LIFE
A Different Kind Of
 

) OF GUARDIAN TO YOU!
tardians during your lifetime
lom of speech & expression
ic human rights of mankind
cratic freedoms to which each citizens
others who view us for their
ay to day life
N O UR GUARDIANSHIP
CERN FOR YOUR FUTURE
NS OF YOUR HARD - EARNED
TO SPEND AND HOW TO SAVE
PENDENTS” TOMORROWS
DUT TODAY
LONG GUARDAN
PLE’S BA NK
Guardian For You