Page 1
LANKA --
GUAR
VO|. 1 3 No. 2 May 15, 1990 Price Rs. 7,50
SAM: THE OUTSPOKEN
SPOKESMAN THE MESSAGE TO
COLOMBO
- Mervyn de Silv
Why Sri Lankans are pro-isra Fathers and Sons: the SWRDS UNP, JVP: Redefining Progres
Caste and Women - Oppressic
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
 
 

DAN
Registered at the GPO, Sri Lanka OD/79/NEWS/90
GORBACHEV
ΟΝ
LENN
leli - Izeth hussain yndrome - Reggie Siriwardena sivism today — Dayan Jaya tilleke || In in Jaffna — Devanesan Wesiah

Page 2
Why there's so in this rustict
There is laughter and light tailer artingst these r Liral dari 5 els why I TE busy s Urtir 3 CILII trabacco leaf in a bar. It is one of the hirdreds of such Earns spreaci put in the Tid and upcountry LLHHLLltLu HHLLLLL LHHLCCL LLL LLLLL LLLLL LHHLHLLS fall, lIfing FHE if seasDr.
lidere, with Cardial Turturi H. 13 bacca grCWs as a LLSLLEa E aLLLL LLLLLLLC HHHLLLL LLLLt LCCLL LLtLaaaag LLLLLL LL gickl. 10 the value of CIJE: Rs, 250 Titill:3T cor more: milly, :rup: 143,2 Lrl lk,
 

is ENRCHINGRURAL LIFESTYLE
und oflaughter obacco barn.
Tobacco is the industry that brings employment to the second highest nurber of people, And these prople are the tobacco arri owners, the tobacco KLaLLLCLL CLLL LLLLaLL gLHLLLLHu LaLLLLL LL LeTS HH L aaLLL and in the barris,
For illerii, the tobacco leaf means meaningful work, a :Tifortable life and a secure futur 3. A good enough Teason for laughter,
Ceylon Tobacco Co. Ltd.
Sharing and caring for our land and her people.

Page 3
TREWIDS
MORE FROM JAPAN
We Farre se did fra Sri La P7 kl. 'il e evi EFICE. A for a firfredilio I fiore che expected in 1990-91, af ernbassy Spake Ernarı Said İrı Caldırıha grı the eve of Prirne Minister Kalifi's Visit. Grant, caricestional Ioan
Trid rech rigal co-operatiori praviLLLL L SL0000S S LCLaLCLLLLS S LLGL 0000LL
II WMJF, LS da War, F.
De spire more af te prior focus sed or Europe follo 34'Īrig recerit charge F f f e FE, SEF A7 i Bois' refri ir inportant to Japan and aid will Lontfrug, Coursellor T. Takaka fold CI Predia cor flere rice. “ Ir fact 20 per cent of Japanese ODA (Oficial Developriri eraro Assis fari ce) has been set apart for that regior”, la 5a iad.
WANTED
A NEW LOOK
CPC General Secretary M.S., Sella san ha called for a fresh look and another dialogue ori a far probler. A E a hurldred Thousaid plantation yazarkers of Irlidir. Fı origirir (Irre trating reprital to Tim, Mr. Sella si rrij", "ha is also Minister of Stafe for Industries, Is aid thaif agreenients had bl Fieri
signed Hiroir corts Illing the people, there i va s a hur? 7 ar angle so the Flory whics had
so he considered.
The si I III riori should be reas sessed ter a fresh dia lege
vir Iridia Fe said.
The plari Tatia PI li workers iryolved have beer giver Iridiar citizenship bLa physical reparriatiori has been de layed
Meanwhile, a EPRLF re's feese said II & SiririShristri Pact of" 1964 finder fich The se planta for Harkers of Indianı origin 14'ere granited Ir diari Cir izenship, 14' S T horse deal darie is it half casuring the
με αμε στι 11ή ανη * 'P+Ve fire ag fris la force tiese Iridi re ree,
NO CLUS
Parra riori Irid Raja PI PWijera f.
red fue el FFICIPI ager Fieris 7I. predece yo r", _for Gli i Dissili
"TIFIL (FIFIL og brieling TI he i aI ck I i e ""Trfei Syster osperi ging in dividual
Tig Firrfessor Cluster syster adopted concep Barik faj had r, It had or cri project to devel diss ry.
Prrrrr fi F of hy r le P7 f. F7F7FFY**'. PE CA7 Macked frårig er
''The private capital ta irr ve s!
So why shot Fly" fi F7 Fuge
Fra 17 lerri Parag said,
LA EA
GUAR
W II, 13 s. ?
HTEE
PLEJished if
Link a Guardiani F
No.24E, L C1 i litri III
Editor: Mr. Teleph (In1

if y'a75 hrsť. f 7 // It ferripis eople to go to Ise Sri.
MORE TERS
45 frio,5 Mirois fer has dis5 fer 5y3 fer 77 YI roduced by his Fir rri i ri, të r Jake. Mr. И"ijef it a press * Faa' Fra Lig'! и дна екred" Iredefits FictiiF' TEITE',
faid that the Voss a F7. Tilly" . The Parla
of si d'y CEI ferd fi, Iled for a pil of op the tea iri
too 'as ruled lister, "for the Fe ffo a'r Try"
it expertise.
Secor AIS PIE
dari The estates.
BRIEF. Y. . .
O The Inland Revenue Department has collected nearly eight billion rupees in the first three oths of this year, from a projected Rs 30 billion for the whole year, Last year the collection was
Rs 5.3 bil||il for the Corresponding period.
Commissioner General T.
Ratmas Lundar Ti told a na Ws Conference that tax collection in 1989) wriya:S RS 7, 24 bo illi Orı, which was a r improvement 0 1 388 When the Cl|C- tion was Rs. 4.6 billion.
g The Hoffmodu Said con April | 26 that the DMK and Cogross () members in the Tamil Nadu State Assembly were lock ed il verba I due after reference Was made to portraits of Tamil Nadu Chief Ministër Karula midi ad LTTE leader Prabhakaran appearing at public meetings in the Stat.
DMK members demied alle
gations that the LTTE was d we get ther misbehaving in Tamil Nadu, le esta es TT d THE LITTE WETE Tot af ti-SC) - errier TI fees?" he cial elements but freedom
fighters, they said.
CONTENTS DAN NHwys Background 3. UNP, JWP: Who is a Frogressive 7 May 15, 1990 PE 3 : J FONT: COTTiTTES 1Ս
Lette 11
RH. 7. 50 Tia Isri | i mitarasts Sectio 12
ortnightly by
Publishing Co.Ltd.
Ilio Place,
( - 2,
гүп dв Silvа
பு: 44534
SWR D: Si Soloma's S 1. E
Pa rastroika is a New Lënin to Us 13 Caste Oppression and Women's
Subordina t ii ii iirli JFI ffra 2호
Primited by Anada Press 82/5, Sri Ratriajoth i Sarawa na muttu
Mwatha, Colombo 13, Telephone: 43.5975

Page 4
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Page 5
LAND INMNES I COLOMBO 7
Mervyn de Silva
hic landmille ha 5 bcc in such al
crucial fact in the darkest chapter of Sri Lanka's harrowing history that it soon became persistent metaphor, and for the literary iInagination perhaps an irresistible symbol. We paid tribu te to the vital importain cc of the landline by making it the title of a book in search of an author - The Land nine War.
But there are land mines of different kinds. Today the Illines are buried not on the rolds used by Inilitary vehicles or public transport but on the path to peace, to a negotiated settlement of the most tragic and costly eLhl Ilic go Ili flict ili L Elle World. III 1 a way, these Illines are identificable - the Sixth Amendment for i lista Ince.
One land mine We hadn't quite suspected went off on a quiet afternoon in the most respectabli: residential district of the capital, Gregory's Road, right Opposite the Canadian High Commission, when Sam Tha Iimbi muttLI, TULF MP was gunned down by two killers on a motor-cycle. His wife was wery seriously wounded. They were about to leave on a trip to the U.S., under the State Dept's 'International Wisitors Program", and visit Britain and Cani da to.
Understandably, this visit hardly a secret, and a Sunday Island lead story by the paper's police reporter, Suresh Mohammed, headlined "HIT SQUAD IN TOWN - special security for Tamil MP's,' shaped public reactions the daylight murder, plainly a professional 'operation'. So it was hardly a surprise when Dr. Anton Balasingham, the LTTE spokesman, issued a press statement pro Imptly, de nying LTTE couplicity (See state
SA
What's
M. T. clas!
"'Sam,
Right th the arrival ter'5 First called a had the sto ble-check", Commit so of your pi rederi potion.
The radio (In his cas 3.2, you-2
Cateful. BLI fessional de highly com the story o
For th or the loca a CCess to til credibility,
Since til tribute to old establis саяe, howev рге:55, parti His name
Nothing regular new i ti 5 litt the English knew all a Committee. the COTT TIL
And W dent . . . thi spoken, por and underst its needs an ser wice to what was g

AM THAMEMUTTU
going on, Sam. . . can you hear rne, Sam'
amb im Luttu, a ny Comments on yesterday's HOS. ""
got any line on this Batticoloa killing . . ."
rough the "war" in the east, before and after of the i PKF, Sam Tha mbi muttLI was the reporhoice for what in the professional patois is check and a 'double check’. Even if you try, you went through the routine of a doujust to be absolutely sure that you won't me bad mistake that'll ruin the reputation aper or organisation, beyond repair and
Or, in these times of peril, cost lives. eporter, with far more demanding "deadlines' e, tightly scheduled, program mes with a re-on-the-air regimen) had to be doubly t then there was the more exacting promand rooted in the very character of a petitive profession. Beat your rival. Get ut first.
a foreign correspondent" (the foreign-foreign stringer) the source is vital. So is ready he source. But most of all, reliability. And
his is not a personal, but a professional's Sal Tha Tibi muttLII, I have had to break an het rule not to rew Call the source, In this fer, Sain's assistance to the international cularly to the BBC, was hardly a secret. Has been rmentorled a Hundred til Tas.
; reveals the man better than his role as a LK LLLLLLLCS TT LLLLLL LLLLL LLLL HH CCLCL LLLLLLLL0 e island, Batticoloa or Colombo, certainly educated Sinhala-Tamil-Muslim community, bout Sam's work as chairman of the Citizens
In fact, Everyman's Mouthpiece, Lawyer, Inity's PR man, Batticoloa's link to the world.
y Sam, not somebody else. He was indepenough he sported a party label. He was outhaps too outspoken. He respected the press, ood its role, recognised its role, recognised d its importance. He realised that the best his "own people' was to let the world know
оіпg оп.
M. de S.

Page 6
ment). Besides, Imemories of the Amirthalingam killing, also in the heart of Colombo, are sti || fTcsh,
Colombo is the capital. Psychology, Eı ild public olıpinion : Te crucial factors in the conduct of war. . . Imore 50 in ung Conventio Ilall wars than in orthodox military confrontations. It is a question of effective power of authority, of credibility. When the city is under seige, the ruler's capacity to rule is undermined and steadily eroded. Mass confidence sags, soon on the edge of collapse. Does the ruler's writ really run... in his own CAPITAL
The enemy's attack is not just physical or aimed at economic disruption and the de-stabilisation of the administrative system. That too. But equally important it is an attack on the mind of the people. Once the people lose confidence in the ruler's ability (not 'right') to rule, the isolation of the government is the beginning of the end. We saw it all in the last quarter of 1989. The JWP was in no position to govern. But visibly the govern Ilent's capacity to do so, that is perform its primary function, Was also in 5CTIOLI5 d0ub.
That is not the situation today, Far from it. One might even say, just the opposite. The LTTE and the Government are holding toplevel talks and a senior Minister, Mr. A. C. S. Hameed, the former Foreign Minister, is in continous contact with the LTTE leadership. The IPKF withdrawal was as much a "victory' and an important gain for President Premada sa as it was for the LTTE, which could now come out of the jungles, and take virtual control of the Tamil arcas. As foT President Premada sa, he had kept his pledge - to see that the foreign TIIny was out of Sri Lanka, which meant denying the JWP-SLFP Opposition its main propagan dist :lm munitio Il.
The "Tigers' had agreed to a ceasefire. Why not? Its battletested cadres were holed up in the jungles, and the LTTE's
4
operational cap: bility had been: ed by the 1 PKI LTTE 1:1:1 à Ilo mind, politicalhi's newly trai ** ETELS "" :: || || CWF, TINAW, or :
The PEKF : Fi tle LTTE t g|Tıllıd, Tech wer bility and imp the Eastern prov
SLIT e at the besi 0ICe the IPKF Mah Illuld left
"coil Lo Wested and its allies,
Ili litti:is, the - L to return. The
With characterist ing received a vert help from
Arcadly, a Iuli trust lind so III e tiւ 11 Է, եւ Wլ: : Il 1 Lhe S.L. G. hold Ald in the Ilex of convergent the two grew, the ceasefire, a for contacts, le: publicly annot tills”.
BLlt et Nye gover In The Int & III Liber:ltiOT FTC NOT formally bäsic position i Inition" and "E not possibly b wergence (or tot contrary, major iSt.
The questior other's prioritic eacı is, Teady ! Initial interest, each Will NO cost. So, ther interactio I am gray area of expanding and each party se el interest, know. the dialogue a take collapsin pushes its self to hard.

bilities and 10severely restrictF. Besides, the vi, facto T ) 1 its Tiilitary — Delled and armed it what you like,
ny other.
id to pull-out Like back list operational Imo05, c its will on 'incc, ncvcr very cif times, Blit ånd Brigadier the area, With
Il the EPRLF
איש נlus the Iין TTE was ready
Tiger Spring, iç fury. . . . bı:L'y- little bit if conthe lical forces.
easure of Imut Lill
active coopera:he LTTE and been established. it phase the area interest betweel The climax Was ld a green light lding to for Inal,
Inced "Ilegotia
i Sri Lankan d a separatist
int, which has Tes led fra In Its if ''Self-deteri:la IT”, Lillere cal Ele complete conall trust. On the * di TT e Telces ex
then is each s, and how Illich to concede in the and hiw iuch T yicldi a t any usיtinutוזט של 13 :t conflict - the Imutual interest, Cont Tacting, als ks to advance its ing the risk (of nd its give-andg, if one party -Interest to far [There i 5; a T1:1 t 11T::ıl,
built-il brake - 0 Il Suchi - Im a Ino LI - evres too. Can the LTTE afford to provoke Sinhala opinion so Tashly if its price involves a great loss of popularity for the Presidency. Or intense unpopularity'
The LTTE knws that the Opposition has one strong card, the INFLATION card, But it can't be played right now.
The more in flail liable is slie, certainly the issue, that is natural to the SLFP, pro-JWP constituencies is the Tamil, Thore specifically the LTTE i. e. the traditional cry of a defeated Sinhala-party (SLFP or UNP) "You are selling the lationı tçı the Tallils...'.
Sam Thalimbi Til Littlu wis Illot killed in Batticoloa but in Colombo, on President Premadasa's teraill. The LTTE says 'We will be in charge of sec Lu Tity i II LT Tol there i5 no le ed for the S.L. Army or Police to do so. . .' Mr. Premadasa may buy that argument, and so
the LTTE wins that point.
By the same logic, the South is indisputably the President's and security in the South, the government's Tesponsibility. Trut, the President had ag rcccll to holl talks with the EPRLF and the other groups. But was that sufficient reason to invade' thic South and expose the government's inability to ensure security in the Sinhala areas, the capital itself That is the political is suci.
LTTE denies involvement
The LTTE has categorically denied any involvement in the killing of Parliamenta Tian San Thälmbim ut Lu.
LTTE ideologue Anton Balasingham speaking to the press froIII1 his coftice alt Konda wil, Jaffna said they also condemned the attempt of a few leaders of EPRLF who bli med the 11 in this connection.

Page 7
Tigyhf secur riffy for Taf71 i MIMP.5
Hit Squad in town
Suresh Mohamed
hıc (ji Werelt llis allerted
all TULF Members of Pari
alleilt kind licii de T 5 Cf Tamil political parties on the presence of a 15-meinber hit Squad in Colombo, political sources said.
Last Week's killing of a TELO al ctivitist at Kota hell is also suspected to be the work of members of the squad which is believed to have Irived fri the East. Senior security officials described the shooting of
Other
the TELO Ilan as a "profession
all job'.
The TULF has II e Ibers of the EPRLF - ildə TEL) lider its
bil 1111 er íIl Parlia Illent. ''The Island' learns that the MPs and the leaders of Tamil poli
tical parties have been advised IC Testrict their Thovements and if going out to ensure the presence of their bodyguards.
() Inc. IIle II1b cr who hill be el living in a house in Colombo IT1 Cowcl into : **ST: wä5 Li"" on Friday as a “precauticonary mea - su Tc in light of the threällts that had cinerged. An EPRLF MP, Gameshasa Tıkari Y gälislingal. Ti said that they had been asked to exerci5 e care at all till cs. Hic added that Il o additional security personnel had been provided Lo the Il but till L} I like the best use of the bodyguards already assigned to them (the MPs). "We are facing a grave security threat'. he said.
A Illo Ehler MP w 10 ask cd lat to be named said that he hill Teceived informatico Il ab allt the presence of 'killer squad' in the city and they were now on the pro Will hunting for certain persons.
Preside
messag
was shocke by the bruta Sal II Tillbilul P:LIlia Tent of Bättical la DOS LI
illi L LI 'IMI'S : 5' He actively pa lia Inentary deb
His :: Il tribu del CCrate C tra long remembert
Un doubtedly people will col
tardly act. It that such cri committed
endeavours ite Tesolve Cl through good Wi and dialogue.
“Dasta
he oppositi Parliament
ħficct of the Li position unani following - TCS . passing away Imut tlu, M.P., fi LITICI
The Itil Mr. Säilm TE shocked us a II to us. We CO tardly Cri IT1C.
The Cric ted in broad of the CaThat di sion, indicatec art Inoving f
lity even in Colombo.

NEWS BACKGROUND
int's condolence
3.
d :: Ill sa didic Inci 1 killing of Mr. tu, Member of
lic TULF FlI "iç, Mr, ThığılıbLuccessful lawyer. rticipated in Parill: 5.
tio I1 to luphold dit is Will be
all peace lowing
leIn this di Eis
is II fortul II:lt: mill || act 5 à Te hiltst ון Wh E
being II1lde to rt versial issues i 1 l, Lunderständi Ing
This brutality brings to mind the validity of the often repealLed teilching Of Lord Buddhal that 'hatred does not cease by hatred but by love alone". At a time when the country is rapidly retu Ting to 10Tr til alcy fra il a reign of terror it is the builde duty of all who shun
violence and te TTCT 13 de sist from promoting Cor. pr.) w oking such criles.
Mrs. Talbi lutt'11 W:5 seriously injured in this incident.
We wish her speedy recovery.
Mrs. Prema da sa and I extend
our deepest sympathics to MTs, Tha Tı birinuttu, theit son and nicimbe T5 of the bereal ved family
"dly crime’ - Opposition
on II clbers of
who met in the eader of the Opmously moved the ution of the of SIL TH. Ibi3. Batticalo: Dis
assassination of
1a Ilimbi mill Ltl I has ld brought grief indermin Ehi5 da 5
las bee TI ÇÜITI, III litdaylight in front an High Com II nisthat terror gangs reely with i 1 puthe metropolis of
Further, the government had warned that a hit Squad was in Colombo a few days prior to this brutal assassination but the government had failed to procct thic life of Mr. Thail biIn littu thus making the gowernment solely responsible for His death.
We, therefore, demand from the government to ensure that such brutal crimes are preventei in the future,
Chics Opposition Whip Richard Pathira na MP has signed the resolution on behalf of all Opposition Members of Parliament.
5

Page 8
May Ist – Day of the old faithf
nce again each party drew O its faithful, and als many als could be drum mcd up. Workers" solidarity w Els II, Cat the issue. The ruling UNP had the largest show, con Galle Face Green. A fragmcn tcd opposition met here and there.
President Premada sa reine Wed his pledge to overcome powerty.
Hic said that he would SLI IWC to eliminate social injustices and inequalities and ensure that the deserving got their place in society. Merit would be the criterion, he said.
"We Illist dedicate ill sel
ves fully to serve the masses' the President Said,
At the SLFP's rally at Calipbell Park, Opposition Leader Sirimaya Banda Tanaik: said that thousands of nothers were shedding tears for the children lost in cent Wiect. Ptople still lived in fe:LI : nd Were afraid to come ey CD for a May Day rally,
Workers' rights had been given by the SLFP government of 1956 but the UNP had suppressed most of those rights, She said.
The Opposition Leader wellcomed Prcsident Pricmaldas a’ S, announcement that corruption would be eradicated. If an inLLG GLLLaHHa S LLHHLLLLLtLH H S LLL LLLK appointed to investigate Hill the Corruption that had been going con from 1977 shc would support it wholeheartedly, she said,
SLMP leader Ossie Abeygo onesekera said at their rally at Hawelck Park that SLFP wanted his party to get Conto the streets to fight the UNP, so that they (the SLFP) could Walk into power. He said that if his party fights the UNP he Would ensure that power would go to the people and not to the Wa law we.
The United Socialist Allia Icc (USA) which met at the Kirillaparı e. I'm Hirket, altıd i drew a size al ble crowd, called on aill
G
progressive elem ranks and fight repression lind re 5 Citizen 5 1 l di leader Chandrika i ši: + +WE " : f El In | erl that is · H bäck, il time. W sed. You who LI Inder Foot, depri and repressed at this is your dil come to i full you al Te being e: plight is worseni
**With the dily in 1977 you, the been crushed; b. ini hlve Watche de St TLIc tipı Fırld Ball your imaliena
NILSSP clicT, Elyakkara who sc Tally alt (Cotta
til C. SLIMP if I i bbstr lucited a LI
El llilince, and b
Il Llle CP
May Day, ac
police, was "'inc
Japan No. Japan's No.
Mr. Toshiki Kilj Prille Minister, i Ilese premier to in 30 years. T only a one-day nese Ambassado of Sri Lankan Lankil, in terms (17 million) was cipient of offici: assistance (OD develop Inc. It iss hundred million
also made Japa biggest donar.
Private inves Lin In Odest, about nin dollars, on 105 s In Elinly manufact 11 Hię Clothics. W Tı tIIt il the 5cc Japanese business

ents to close
ill forms of tgain lost rights Worker5, USA Klimtātu ga allen back into thlsad ors We have regres
are trampled v:d, ha Tissed,
C: WETy LLITT — y, You must El lisätilo 17 that kploited. Your
Il E
W II of this eral workers, hawe Irdeed, killed helplessly the repressio Il cof ble rights".
V: Sille V:l N:1Lparty held a Park ilc cugcil Lir cachery' that Inited socialist ]th the SLMP "appea stment",
Cordi Ing to the ident frec'''. O
and
iful, the Japanese s the first JapaVisit the Isla Ild Though it was wisit, the Japatold a group 3 dit Ts that Sri of population the largest Teal de velopment W). Last year's ista Ilıcc of two lU. S, D)CollaTs in the Island's
ent is still quite ety three Inillion mall enteI prises lure of readyith the in proweurity situation, IIien are intere s
MEVVS BACHKGROUJ MD
ted in construction projects and tle hotel industry. The trade balance is heavily in Japan's favour, with Sri Link: selling tea, precious stones, shrimps, ad titaniu 11 to the will Le , if (117) million dollars, while paying 302 million dollars for Japanesc ITachillery and consum er items.
Sri Lanka Hind the Maldives have become favourite holiday resorts for middle-in colle JapaIlese tourists and "Air Lanka' has already started two weekly flights to Tokyo, and applied for a third. Bank of Japan or Sinwa Bank may open an office soon. "Kaifu's visit is as important, politically' said a western diplomat. 'Japan has replaced the U.S., West Germany and Britain as Sri Lanka's major do nors, and Japan does not scream about human rights'.
Есопоту
Modest Growth
The economics tibilisation II casures introduced by Sri Lanka on IMF and World Bank advice and the improved security situation hıwe Tesulted i II a. Il Codest Tech wery of the balance of payments situation. It is described by the Central Bank report just released as "the most encouraging featlre in an other Wis e worrying situaLion. GT055 Teser Wes 385 111 || 1011 S. D. R. in Ju ne rose to 547 million SDR iIl December,
The Gross Domestic Pratiuct (GDP) increase in 1989 was 2.3 percent, down from 2.7% in 1988. Considering the widespread violence, and the disruption and sabotage campaign launched by the extremist JWP, this perforIlla Ince w als “creditable” said al top Central Bank official. The trade deficit has dropped from SIL). R. 504 Ilijom 1 I 1988 to S.D.R. 521 million last year. Export incøme increased by 1.1%, while imports cost only 5% more. The ter Ils of Ille lo wewe T remained un favourable. The export price index showed an 11%, тise whereas average import priccs went up by 18%.

Page 9
UN P, JVP : Who is a
Dayan Jayatil leka
t any rate we acted as though
the State was "ou Ts”. So, for the Tamil militants, there was no distinction between State and people. And of course that is a funda IIle Intial distinction, made by guerrilla movements, by revolutionary movements, bý national liberation movements throughout the World. So in Fact we had two Ilational - popular blocs colliding with each othic T. Now those al Te the: real questions: Why did the Tamil struggle tai ke the formlı it did? Why were there not two parallel struggles, a two-front struggle against the State, linking the peoples of both communities. Those are the questions of which We have to find answers, because those questions shed light and Coffer a wimlo w to ou T social processes and social and cultural St TLICILITe:5.
So where do we go from here? What do we do about this situation? The old thinking is that all these problems are due to capitalism and the UNP, so ict's throw the rascals out and put somebody or something, clsc in But as I said I am not convinced that is Lle case. In fact I am convinced to the contrary - that most of the policies: educational policies, the cultural policies, that created this barbarism were in fact policies enacted under SLFP - led United Front regimes. I refer to that social atrocity, the language policy of '56, I refer to the policies of mediawisc and district wise standa Tdisation of' 72. These were done under SLFP regimes with Left ist participation under ministers who were supposedly Inorc progressive tha II the ole ministers. And under Der Tränent 5ecretries who Were still Inore progressive than other permanent secretaries. Now until we find out what is wrong with that so-called progressivis Ill. I want to be very careful about tossing out those who are in
and putting i gressives. I th be very careful a We have to an: Social forces t those retrogres tions. Those ar who so Ime Ma to its progressive parties are the
sile still c ITOIC progress parties.
Now Ict u5 | gressivism. Frc. view Of social the point of wie from the point mocracy, I antı Vinced that til ideologies, and that we hawe progressive are of my friends
about the "hat tasks'. I think iT portant dem
Sri Lanka is the of the state stru system of pro Now I think flawed in conci its Libilical has to be sewer why I was one resigned from a from a provinc year. But I d. the point of wie to provincial c is more retrogr Jaya war dena an na yake L Tid the anti-democratic of Wiew of e1. which shot peo and norInally i place when Go, hold elections, do not target pe is In ore antithe UNP. I th positional polit are opposed to valent towards p are less progr who have be

progressive
1 sci-calli proink We ha’ye tÜ 1 t tis... Beck, tist: lyse the kind of lät weTel Ebehli Tud sive transformalthe social forces xists still refer | Those political
agencies which Iside to be We tha Catı CIT
ook at this proIn the point of modernity, from : W of SCcliris II, of Wiew if dicIt ait all çiç II - e social forces, political agencies See Il si fır il 5 Il fact 5. One here Wils talking It democritic one of the lost ocratic tasks ill de Illa cratis al til cture through the Wilcial councils. hat, it has been :ption and birth, cord with India 'ed. This is also Of the few who Tillili stry, il beit tial ministry, last think that from W of the attitude ulcis, the JWP 5 giye thill J. R. d Gamin i L) i 55a"efore II Lich II o Te From the point actions, the JWP ple who woted — insurgencies take 7 er in Thefits do lot in surgencies and ople who voted - democratic than link that the opical parties that and il re LibiTOWiT1Cia | CCTIInci15 essive tha il those el forced into
I making so TIme kind of com Illi lIlent to provincial councils, how rev"er shal: y
Sol I Want to look, at illl that again. Because I don't think we should go through that Ttured history once more. Ther:- fore when it cc Illes to thL:: LIStill of solutions I think We must know what the problems a re. I think the problems are localı Led il the iki ıd of con1$ciÇı LISness that we hawe, the kind of political culture generated by our educational systeIII Teinforced by our mass media. Now I do not agree with the standard view Lihat the proble T11 with o Lr media is one of servility. No. 1 Hlink til at the Df y'air for instance, has been cxtremely critical of the Government from 1983 onwards and unfairly so, irresponsibly so, because they hawe accused the Government of selling out to the Ta mils Any slight concession, any effort to give some kind of political concession was decried. And by the way these reforms were not out of the generosity of the Government, it was because of thc guerrilla struggle in the North and East, the realities of which were perceived by top military profesionals like General Nal in SeDevirate but it acceted by our cabinet ministers, particularly those who thought they were the guardians of natioInal scCurity and are now bornagain liberals. Servility is an accurate criticis II of the English language media. But the Sinhala language media was virulently hostile, not only towards the Government but towards the antigovernment forces such as Wijaya Kumarana tunge Who Were trying to bring about some political solution to the ethnic Wil T. The Sinhala papers did not say * 'look, Tamil civilians arc being killed there, this is what is happening, these a Te the photographs.' No. They do publish about huma m rights Inow. Is it

Page 10
bccause only Sinhalese are human? A T1 d. I speak as a Sinha lese, A. I'e huli min Tights Wiolatio [15 taking place only now? Did they Write about human rights wiJltiCI5 in Jaffn à befrs' 87 88, NC it is only because the IPKF is there. Now they are talking about human rights in Jaffna. The Jaffna picople hawe human Tights now. They didn't have hllmā Il rights when we welt in there. The Sinhala people have hunan rights but not the democratic leftists who are slaughtered by the JWP. They don't have human rights, University students hawe human rights, but not university students killed by the JWP. Tamil people did not have human rights all this ti TL1 e, When the Sri Lankan military offensive was launched, the JWP and the Sinhala press criticism was that it was not hard enough, They were saying, go for it. So the problem with our media has not been one of servility but of false consicious mess. This is H very sericollis situatico 1, it is as if the Washington Post and the Neil York Tries were pub|ished by the Ku Klux Klan. The most serious problem in Sri Lanka is not dependent Capitalism or the IMF or the World Bank. The problem is that in Sri Lanka, the lunatic fringe is the mainstreall.
Finally in our search for solutions I remember this line from a poem by Robert FrostI think hic wrote it for John F. Kennedy's inauguration"Before I build a wall I would first like to know who I was Walling out Eind who I was Walling in'. Of course he said that about the Berlin Wall and that's pretty much gone now, Its the same with systems. The same with Gover illents. The Same With economies. Before I call for throwing out what exists - and I personally did more than just Call for it - I would like to know what we choose to put in its place. And, please, I would lot like to be told that agriculture in Sri Lanka has to be collectivised. Because the experience not only of Europe, but the new thinking in the Soviet Union of which I am än
E
k ccm studcnt h : טsitנptקט טin th all, it is the po Bukharin, the an ox Le 11d cd No W that li a:h bet II ) IT I Wilt til people of Sri im whicli li g Tici! EL "NY" ITS ET CITIS, W. W. W. Biltık tırıl |MF yı becalse of th clos el ciclincomic Adopt and the II Tipts h cre. We" Sicialisi : Tı det will also join t relje || || 0 || || The only the JWP :g : Tcbcllic)T CIl c section f the time the Work also join becall thing to el t al Wait in quelle: lid Illir er of the but I. In lust als buses LT e Illore L: Illika todily thit 10t the f:1ult th;it's the fill States embargo, til o werthrowi T Walt to substitl thing better fo point of view of the people, king as il Mar:
NEW THINKIN
[iיוullו) וSt the Teil Scomm Lanka are today alıd 10 cıl CD Ilı te; cisi Ing the go weTI be able to say 'I I want you to di you are doing'. Inot say "Join u list echo IIlic there is to social te II, There is 11 economıy. Ask chew, I am Sur, Llıklı Leftists fel if Preside Teplaced by a pi Ille 1 L ! Becca Lusk new thinking is (CT OSS WH5 til T)T when I look a system Loday wł We have been

Ls bicing exactly directic T. If IE licies of Nikolai whole policy of Economic policy indicated. I do impuse on the Link: : Systein Il till Tc Will be in LhiLin it is milo W. The World ill clit off credits _。 wari t:115 Լյth է:T : policies we will 'c Will be fydd 1 call this system he Working class he inti-Systemic list tille it Wills ainst capitalism, trilpils sing broad Y CLI thil, but this ing people will se they llave noind they have to 5 I am a great CL bELTı Revolutib Tı say that I think frequent in Sri in Cuba, That's of the Cubas, of the United But still, if I ng this system lite it with 30 meT a Indi Trq) Ttrı tlıe of the Tajority And I all speakist-Leninist.
G
Ilt to klow, What ic options for Sri , in this global it. If I al III1 critiIT ent, I Will to Lick, this is What insted Of What And please do p With the Sociasystein' because list economic syssocialist World Mikhail Gorballe there a Te many Who would preI Grbachey was 0 Wisibil. El go w CTDGorbachev and to the Ill what the acula Therefore t the Sri Lankan at I see is this: able to do bout
half of what the Socialist countries want to d(). They are headed in the direction of what they call a Planned Commodity Economy or Socialist Market Economy which is part of the international division of labo II. Siille of tha L is because they can't get rid of, the 'Socialist' pit. It so quickly, so they call it Socialist Market EcoEl Illy, but let me tell you, as one who has travelled extensively in those countries they would like very much Lo have Lhc kinci do T things in their shops that you can find in any village in Sri Lanka today. Now, this clics mot mical that the Capitalist system is superior to the Socialist system in all Ways and all places. Certainly mot. All I a Ilımı saying is this: Let's not talk of Capitalisill and Socialis Ill, in the abstract. Let's say the Socialist system in Cuba today is superior to the Capitalist sy s tcm in Paraguay. Let's bc specific, Let us say the Capitalist system in Belgium tday is superior to the so called socialism of Polpot in Kimpuchea. Let's be concrete.
I will say that we must head towards sole kind of synthesis. Eduard Sheval Td Tadze, the Sowiet Forcign Minister says that his vision of the futu Te is. Jie 0f 4l synthesis, in which the best of East and West, of Capitalism and Socialism will be present. So, the socialist countries are headed towards a kind of Illixed ccnomy which is a Socialist market cc) 1JT11y. We in Sri Lank: hił w Li the market' sile of it albeit With its distortions because of politicis a Lion. I think what we need to do therefore is not abolish it, not put another system in place, which will collapse after a few decades with the people rising up in rebellion, and discredit the notion Of Socialis II. Then We would have to go back to Where we started off in the first place. Let us reform this system where the benefits of the Inarket will operate un fettered by political patro Ilage, Where appointmentS will be made on the basis of merit. One of our main objectives should be the installation if a meritocratic system. And lict LIS build back the Social welft TC safety net. I think that some ef

Page 11
forts are being madic, rather puny efforts, like Janasawiya and so on. Let's build on those, I would personally prefer a democratic Socialis II to What cxists. But given the balance of forces in our society and polity today that is simply not possible.
Rewolution is not possiblic in every country at every time. I think the only revolution that is possible in Sri Lanka today is the WP kind of revolution. And I Wild much Tather haye. El reformed Jr even ä allth Critari:11 capitalism than a revolutionary regime under the JWP. I da mot Link that the United Socialist Alliance has a chalce in the immediate futu Te of assu ining power. I meam We haven’t been tıble to put a İıları il Parliament fr the lationalist, so Ithink its really very very fully, when we come out with these gr. Ed
5chemes Let's first decide C. Il a chap to go to Parliament. Given the halice of Torces in cur
society today, I think it is the SLFP, the MEP and the JWP who have a cha Iicet, of for Tilling a government. Given that balance in our polity and given the kind of programmes that they still adhere to, on the economy, on educati T1, CT pro vilciä. Il CC 1111cils, in Sinhala only, on the question of pluralism, I would not like tij see thell in office. Let Inc. be very frank about that. I think it will be regressive,
think the system is ill very grave crisis, and it is precisely in Crise 5 til at syste Ins try to TestT 11ture because otherwise they will perish, So the systein is trying to reform, it's trying to restructure and that is where we of the Left Illust intervene. Because the system is so badly divided, the ruling party is so divided within itself, the ruling party and the oppositio III are at such , loggerheads, that it is only those of us who do 11 tot Hlave a stalke in that, Who Can see the needs of a democratic system as a whole, who can propose and push for healthy reform. This is because we are not part of this or
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atory practice, shoppiness, te records, poor authorship, fabrication on and plagiarism. Deception. ing cрлductiлg, or raporting Research.
sed and mystically virgin
Εη, ήίς ήη,
jst Sfasir SCes7e ing, like Trotsky, the bright bourgeoisie. ү5ег75ko, шлгеdeептеої
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epidemic of a for and minor dish onesty and rig, infractions of research regulations "sша/, they comгтелt /їќе Tax Evasfол,
on to be almost customary).
Whearter) Lysensko, aports, conduct is corn on in the Eiological Sciences art published 709 papers on heart disease ree years obel Laureate at the M.I.T. 3 Ce aη η νεStigaίία η ίητα ή ίς ηνας ιigator, пo-mutation in mice. Ju 7 g 36 year psychologist 77ifted fra Lidularif research results :earch grant адр!їcatfол
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- U. Karunati lake

Page 12
Peace Zone: Commitme
Edmund Jayasingha
aving commented on some H25 the important aspects and preoccupations influencing the present status of the Declaration, I also would like to make a few suggestions that may agcelerate progress towards its implementation:
(a) The most important al IIongst them, as mentioned car|ier, is the ne cd for i Il creased co-operation between the superPowers. A positive contribuLiji1 to that c: [ld Would be to list the Indian Ocean as a subject for discusssion between them. It is Il secret that the key to to the solution of Inany issues before the international community lies in the ha Inds of the super-Powers. This gives them greater responsibility for initia ting appropriate action aimed at the resolutoin of such issues. They should engage constructively in examining Ways and means for application of concrete measures that would bring about a greater degree of stability and contribuite eventually to the establishment of lasting peace and security. The establish ment of a zone of picace is well within this category. Needless to say, the active co-operation of other extra-regional Powers and other States would also be
f Teise value,
(b) Almost equally important is the fit Citment of the regional States of policies and colc rctic Teasures Lihat would promote the prospect of early establish ment of z CT1 e of peace il the India 1 () cea II.
These measures, ir fer alia, should include:
(i) Nol-interference in a direct or indirect Taner in the internal, affairs of any State in the regi (31 ind fir 11 CC) ilmitment to full rcspcct foT political independence, sow CTeignty and territorial in Legrity if these Stältes.
O
(ii) Non-use of
to use force in the regi.
(iii) (Commitmilc: plc of pea of disputes.
(iv) Promotion
operation i económic, si Tental acti" regio II. The South-East Il Salt til for Region Li Welcl; this respect.
(V) Firm com:
acquisition tot Eller foT 115 Illi Eliss de StrLI
(vi) Rcspect fc) With intern Lithm w tilt it ms, Cather il grec strengthen t lld stability : ld the : ilti is a whole. Treatу оп tl ition of N. a good exilm
(vii) Commitle 1ishDTn eLnt (bf z) Illes th : [ ] 11em ta Ty to of a zone proposal f. of El 1 L | | zone in Sol example.
(viii) IInitiati I
In earlingful the prototi ll:Ile Iltatio II pcace in th At the natic tiona 1 1 ew cl! իt accortle actions reqlı this goal. I relations wi
Täll P. WCT 5 countries, til should seek for the impl Oeclil Titico I.
* TMF i FFF }
Reprefғлгіліұғ.

nts
I force of threat against any State
nt to the princiceful. 5 de LL 16-cılığı Li
of greater cothe field of }cial and elwiro Ilvities, etc., in the Association of Asia. In Natio. Ils Asia II Association al Co-operation : developments in
littient to El ilof Illu clear ald
of weapans of tion.
I and compliance
itti Cinal trLatit:5
cow chants and lents that may he peace, security of the region arnational system Accession to the le NCIl-PTOlifelclear Weapons is
ple.
1t til te
other forms of may be complethe realization of peace. The T establish ment :lear-weapon-free th Asil is il gol
cstab
ng precise and acti lilled it on of speedy impof the zinc of :: | Indialı (Occa II. Ilal and internas, priority should i to polici es and 1 i Ted to il chic we their bilateral th the extra regiand like-minded 1c region ill States active support f theם ון טntitlטחון E.
(ix) Deter Illined - efforts towards gradual dismantling of foreig in military bases and other facilities in the territories Of the regional States and in the Indian Ocean.
(x) Greater reliance on Illultila teral a Tra genents, particularly on the concept of
collective security in the resolution of political, economic and social problems in the region, with the airl of ushering in a greater degree of stability. The establishment of a zonc cf pc:.cc should form an important part of this overall policy.
(c) There are also sole illpl.) T:tä. Int general 11 els u Tes that Inay be complementary to the
establishment of a zone of peace in thic Indian Ocean. These Ilcasli Tes should be Laken by the international community as a whole or i dividual States Outside the region, as applicable. Sullich Imlea su Tes may include:
(i) Greater injection of deve1 op 11e Int-Orien teld in 21ssist: 11.cc int{o the Tegion, including the provision of favourable terms of trade and remo wall of Cather econ ("brilic i ba Trier's that häll We retarded the economic and social development of the States in the Region.
(ii) Accession LCo international treaties, conventions and co
venants and other agreeTT: T1ts that Iulia y create al international and regional
atmosphe Te conduciwe to the realization of a zone of peace in the Indian Ocean region. For examplc, strict compliance with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and its international legal regime would provide a very healthy atmosphere for establishment
of peace zones in various regions of the World. (iii) Acknowledgement of the
fact that billi teralis III a Indi
rig HCLLLLLLS TTT S LLSLS LOCLlLl LLL LlL LLTLLMSHHS S LLTTGLS Permanent
THE fr5r part appearer for pris Isf,

Page 13
Illultilateralism should not compete with each other but should be complementary and should work in parallel i 1 th: 5 eElrch1 fT) r 5 {)ILI ti(}T1 5 to regional and international 15511es
(iv) Commitment to the validity of the widely accepted
wiew of the zones of pe: tէlat tձ111tl Inc.nsely to if internati security, Ir States should support to t establish Ellent in particular
effer
Two groups of Tamils
In his insulting letter (L.G. of May 1 ) Sachi Sri Kantha writes that he was flabberglasted by my conclusion that the Tamil Nadu and Sri Lankan Tamils are distinct ethnic groups. He need not have been had he understood the two quotations he himself provides, both of which could accomodate my conclusion. The reafter he proceeds to state that my conclusion is ridiculous as the two groups of Tamils belong to the same racial group and speak the same language.
Obviously he is unaware of the controwersy that has been raging for years over the question of What exactly ConstitLites am et hic group. There are scores of definitions, and some Scholars hawe ewen taken to argu ing that there is no s Lich thing as ethnicity. A vast body of literature on ethnicity has accumulated since the early seventies when historiarg, Scociologists and others became really serious about ethnicity as a subject of scholarly enquiry. If Sri Kantha consults some of that literature, he will soon find that the Cosensus is against his simplistic notion Lihat at hicity is Constituted just by race and language. For instance, Joseph Rothschild Writes in his Ethnopolitics that language, religion, pigmentation, or tribe are primordia Tarkers that are necessary but mot sufficient for the consolidä tion of Ethnic grOLU)S.
Let me explai of La til Aller samle ra C3, and language and r cause of their ries i differert countries they ba Cultura ||y di the centuries a garded as Cons distinct ethnic say, the Arab Syria. Consid: that the Swis: 18 GBrmans O manies, or thi and the French Cortionalities ra C3 but are al garded as belo ethnic groups. pias also to th La rika and Tal my view is far and acceptable Drawidians, is quotation at th graph three of from the Peace Suriya na rayan: that thiltire ig sit tural kim ship" groups of Tam
It might inti
kW E sants of my pa Sor K. Sivathi University, WF that my disti the two gric was correctil gical sense" had pushed thi
far. He is too

stablish II let of
C ES I ESIT Contribute imhe: Ilä ilte la T1 CC nal peace and this respect, lend their :1ctive afforts F: I thiը of such 7 e5, for the estab
n. The Spanish ica are of the Share the sa The aligion, but bedifferent ist - Latin American סE tוחם:have t fferentiated OWër nd I can Eo a reisting of several grO LIPOS. SO, Can, is of Iraq and er also the fact S. Germans and f the two Gera Swiss French of Franca, sharg of language and the same reriging to distinct This point apBe TTTiIs if Sri Thi || Nadu. That from ridiculous, at least to Song shown by the e Card of paramy papër, It is Trap by P. S. who argued 'symbolic Cul between the two ils.
3 TE5;t Sri Karl Flä f the two discusper Was Prof5anby of Jaffna 10 acknowledged riction between ups of Tamis an 'anthropolobut he thought I B disti Ctib too
much of a scho
lishment of a zone of peace il the IndiaIT (Ocean Ticigi OI 1.
率 率
Action aimed at the estable lishment of a zone of peacin the Indian Oceen has been
confined by and large to the
(gr r Frg )
lar to make himself ridiculous by arguing that my distinction is invalid silply because the two groups belong to the same racial group and speak the same language.
| must say I am non-plussed by Sri Kantha's rigma role about M.G.R. H. Writes that M.G.R. died im DECEmber 1987, and Seems to imaging that for thal rea Sol I Am Wrong about M. G.R. and the TarThil Nadu Government having failed to react against the I.P.K.F.- L.T.T.E. fighting. But that fighting erupted weeks before M.G.R.'s death. It erupted in October 1987 as I wrote plainlly in T1 y päper. Sri Kantha seems to be ignorant of that fact, or he chooses to ignore it. As far as I am aware, it has new er blaen seriously disputed before that the L.T.T.E. was disappointed that the AIADMK had 10t exer ted pressure On Delhi to stop the fighting,
He makes the point that as M.G.R. died in December 1987, he would have had to rise from his grave to Counter Karunanidhi's politicking in February 1988. At least on that point I am in total agreement with Sri Kantha, as ll Thyself wrote in my paper that when Janaki was Chief Minister in January 1988 see Wis the "WW Of M. GR."
Izeth HuSSain
CtյltյmէյD 7,
11

Page 14
The Israeli issue - a Sri Lankan Muslin
Izeth Hussain
fter II naking some prelimi
Ilary observations in the significance of the I.I.S., closure I am offering an adapted werSion of the talk I give prior to the closure, with Iny arguments for the 5uch H Cl35ure. These argu IncInts mily law se em o academic interest only. But they could be regarded as hawing a special interest in relation to our cthnic problems as I was articulating a specifically Sri Lankan Muslim viewpoint. As a Muslim, my basic LLaLaaLLL HCH 0S HHHL LLLLL LaLaLLLLLLLSL or the Israelis its such, but the un satisfactory position of the co Iha Imunity here, This a TL,icle is therefore written if the first person sing ulai as a Muslim.
According to our Foreign Ministry's communique the I. T. S. closure Wils in consequence of an election pledge 1ade by President Premadasa, The U.N.P. PLTii Te Inta Till Mr. A z WCT SlibSequelty clirned Lhat the Presiient hild pledged āt Kalnu nai th:1t 'All the forces thilt exist in Sri Lanka and work against the aspirations of the Muslim community Will be sent away ifter I come to power,
It seems more than probable that the Muslim factor was not the only determinant behind the President's decision. Obviously the national interest required tilt the importance of maintaining the friendliest relations possible with India. A continued Israeli presence here will be totally inco III patible with any degree of friendship with India, for reasons that will be given later,
It is known also that, apart from the Muslims, others too hawe been agitating for the I.I.S. closure. It appears that all the Copposition parties, with the singular exception of the Liberal
1.
account be tilken :1lst of
Party, have E the closure. T adequately ref C || Fl. I: - 15 Latık:ı (il:Ardi: the years utili as Well as ne to expose the was being pe the Palestiniar El 1 il for Tited
that i SSL:s i ly tinc problem.
to be grateful Muslim camp pliigned ilgai Ins
All the sale Cision is parti for the Muslims for the U.N.P. been embarra: over their sup iously pro-Isra erba Tra 55 e il Surably when dent told a Muslim notab didn't like the leave. Mills in |Ong after a ne a fem:Ark fibroi: of in ther if I And they re. after the 198 becı il ilette forming thic M WCF 11%. I chopping block the impressio devotion to Is that should : to raise ques I.T.S., he will show 1 the di might follow. is 51 led here wete justified conclusions. I however, that орспіпg of the ha"ę go De So the 1977 Gowe the ML15im Ir Irli IIOTity any W Can eāsily bec
(The Harrier jy's 5 frr ffe Filipiirre

n view
Een in favour of
The Il cui ia has not i
ected this broad it was CIlly, the 11 editor who wer ized his magazine, WSpaper columns, enorinity of what rpetrated tiga inst 15 and to promote understanding of lved in the PacsThe Mu51im151ive | to their Iloila tricts cIIlto the I.T.S.
tle: Preside L's liċcilli:Irly gratifying , more particularly ML15, li 11s who lawc sid for decades port for the Illot coreli U.N.P. Thcir increased in meathe fer Presigroup of L. N. P. les that if thcy 1. l. S., they could is I call that It wspaper publish.cd Lit Llic pó55ibility 283' taking place, : 1 fullTther tät 3 til LS til CT- 15.d. :T—cal Impalign” inuslims that they the list for the ... Muslims gained 1 t:4, t U. N. P. rel Wi55 Cgre: LIny Muslim där tills lbJllt the 1ld be summarily T. A di WC3rse It is in tot being that the ML13 li mlm 5 in drawing such t is regrettable, euphoria over the * І.І.S. appeатs to far als LO II like rnment forget that Linority, I like a Iny here in the world, o me para noid.
Prif ffyr! km i'r ffig.g.5'edifa'r
The significance that the MIT IS II i II. S 13 w Ettriboli te to the closure of the I.I.S. has to be wi e. Wedi i In the City intext of cic Welopments over its opening. Muslim Supporters of the U.N.P. are known paradoxically to beW: il the fact that under the U.N.P., unlike under the S.L.F.P., 'We are taken for granted a Well-known phrase in Musliil circles for decades. They also came to fect that they were held in contempt after the opening of the I.I.S. Not surprising ll lll in my wiew, a 5 pro-IsEl cli il tititudes usually ga t) - gether with contemptuolisness towirds Muslims. The T.I.S. closure has enormous significance for the U.N.P. Muslims.
The closure should be viewed also in relation to the new Muslim consciousness. It was manifested in the spectacular em crgence of the S.L.M.C. It w:45, il 15 d. Thalific sted in the spontaneity of the Eastern provice rioting after the I.T.S. opening. And yet a nother minifestation is the present article. As this is not the place to explore this subject fully, I will merely state that a greater sense of allien tio il frc, IL CL Eller ethnic groups than in the past, on the part of a community which has traditionally tended to hold itself apart, is a function of the new Muslim conscious Ticss. The I.I.S. closure, backed as it is by all the political parties except for one, could perhaps help in lessening that sen se of alienation. This is so imporanta matter that even anti-U.N.P. Muslims, while refusing to dishonour their political allegiances, must at least on this occasion join the ranks of Tuscany and raise three loud cheers fot President Premadasa.
I now pro cc cd to give an adapted version of my talk. I explained that my perspective

Page 15
on the Israeli problem in Sri Linka had changed Consequent to a discu5 sio si I had with the Philippine Foreign Minister at the title of the I.I.S. opening, Referring to a Philippine newspaper account of the East II Province rioting, he expressed aL LOKHLLLLLLaaHHLLS LLLL LKS aLLLLLLLaS LL S S fairly appreciable Muslim minority in Sri Lanka, and was not I myself a Muslim? Sa why the I.I.S. (I must remark in parenthesis at this point that the Philippine Muslims are 4%. and the Sri Lankan Muslims are 7.7% of the population. I Illust mention also that the preAquino Philippine; Wa Widely regarded as an American sa tellite which had no option but to allow an Israeli Embassy in Manila). I explained to him the 1977 Gilwellent's littiliilizationı 40-nı the subject, alını d prılıbceeded to say that I had the in pression that the Israeli Em. bassy i 1 Mali lil was not particularly active. His repl y surprised me. It was that the Embassy was not meant to be active at all, Els he hiilself had told El 15 rieli Amba.55iador 5 le years earlier that his Embassy should be ilgi icti'ye as the 15 reli presence in Manila was offensiwe Lo ** LIT MILIS lil 15. "" ILI SE'Luck me that his for Tulation *Our Muslims' was revelatory of very different il titit Ludes fill whalt prevails in Sri Lanka towards the Sri Lankal MLSills, The few details I have given earlier about developments after the I.T.S. opening show very clearly that there was absolutely no question of the Wiews of “QuT Muslims' on Israel being even heard by the 1977 Government, let alone being given appropria te weight as in the Philipբines.
1 gathered subsequently that there had been I10 public furore, no anglished letters to the ediLUr, T. Care fully Orchestrated ca. In paign, ower the inductifð II to the Israeli Embassy to keep quiet. The average Filipino, it appears, couldn't care less whether the Israeli Embassy was active, hyperactive, or totally inactive. Filipinos were neither anti-Israeli, not pro-Israeli, not
for that Inatter Palestilia CXC students, the le collise the Min Ап, exception Philippines best a year publish
ibri li lil mitly dewalls
Israel. His fell I foll titl. Wit. It | phenomenon of pino who got s behalf of the Pil tiam Filipinos brother ab allt Isi
E for thil Crill
M,Mu5|1115 :, Te
Whise wie W. C. against 5 Tael.
I child til L. id pin who was pr LO SIĘly 111 Y 3 T 1 C. W. 11Lחוון רוט .11:m רוזן shown by some S raises the impor to why some Sri strongly pro-Is I that seemi imp only for the reas Israelis ha el r comlading U.N.P. The Mi is pro-Palestini: Islå mig brInd, bl. Sri Lalıklı isi : I lic is Incot : JC W pli nalitico 1 is that becausc hic is p: you cannot find Israelis ill the P pro-Western, i. ly pro-America widespread. B; themselvc5 hay less and less Israel, so that it sensc to say th:1 IsTicli boccuse: E It is to be exp that the pro-We will generally Israel's outrage I am writing hi quite different, ImЕПлП Јf the his ill inters: Israel, 3, o inti comes logicall le Writes his le betTaying pTejll | 1115 kind i Il Fif 1 Obvia 13 CCT tem
I argued in trying to cx pl

were they pro:pt for radical ft-wing, and of da |l:1C Muslim3. y as Ille of the writers who once cd a blistering tating altack Ol aw intell cctuals, perplexed by the
CHıristiam FiliO Worked up on estinians. Chris
simply can not *ael cor Palestine,
their Mindanao our Muslims' :rtainly counted
entify a ny Filii-Israeli that is ith the deep emoTent til Israel Sri Lalıkl. 15. This tanti question as Li Tikilns are so *åeli, a question orta Tit to me if Jı that olur proliet bei LL thi : leights of the LIsliniil Sri L4 iki:il i Ill be cill1ge :) If the 1 to LII pro-Israeli 1 cddity because The LISLI ll exthe is pro-Israeli ro-Weste FII B Lit comparable prohilippi Il es whose ir III re precisen, attitudes are sides, Wester hers linEוcorטIl bײַט b : clailure of no longer Thakes : s II 11: Conc is prole is pro-Western. ected, of course, stern Afr.) - Asian bc tay I crit CT ) us Eb ch:Lwia) 11r, Blu L Crt (): f 50 mething the biza Tric phenoSri Lankin yh) c) In Imit mment to Il sic that he bey incoherent when tters to the editor, dice : gainst MusSt le Cast all ipt for Sri Lanka.
my talk that in lain this pheno
menon we have to ask ourselves firstly what Israel signifies internationally. Why was it that the 1967 Arab-Israel war provoked such intense reactions pola rising humanity globally, and not just between Muslims and non—Muslims ? I must ga into some detail on this subject as the background to the Palestinct problem is 110t generally known to the average Sri Lankan, the da La being a Wailable in b.) doks a Fild Inot lı sually im Cour modiil.
Theodore Herzl, regarded as the progenitor of Israel, became renowed for his epigrammatic pronouncement that Palestinc was "A land with lit peoplc for people without a land.” He would have been perfectly well aware that according to [1: 1880 ccT15 L15 Lhere Wore 24,000 Jews out of a total popullation of 500,000 in Palestine. Far from being a land without people, there were Palestinians in Palestine by the hundred thousand, the descendants of non-Jews Who Were in Palestile before Moses led the Jews into the Pro Ilised Land. We have to wonder whethett it was di WIlright mendacity on the part of Herzl, in the hope of misleading Westerners, or whether the explanation was the racism of a European Jew who just could not bring himself to regard those coloured Palesti mii:Lm m: tiWest as hul Imam beings, Such LLLLSaLLLLLLLaLLLLLL S LLLK aLaSS SS S LaLLS monplace in the late nineteenth century Europe of Herzl. referred in my talk to the white Americal missionary who hit said that there were Egether with him in a boat it man, a n lndian, and a dog, revealing that he could not regarci a Red Indian as a hlı T1a, Il being. There is also the case of former Israel: Premier Golda Mr Wohr såi Il 1973 thlt Israel hal t trov lut th Palestinian people and taken away thcit country because F + They do mot exist.” If the Palestinäns Fire It Palestinián people, then what on carth. El re they? Is it that Mrs. Meir had a racist mental block which forbadc hcr tc cognizing the Palestinians as 'pcope", as
13

Page 16
hu Inan beings. One has to wonder also about Sri Lankan letters to the editor which регSistently claim that 'only' IsTael helped Sri Lanka over the Eelam problem, whereas it is quite well known that so did Pakistan. Is it that Pakistanis are not fully hunan, or is it that help is mea ningful only if it comes from whites such as l5relis?
Westerners a Te loth to associate Israel with racism because the Jews were themselves the victims of the racist Nazi holoCEllist. But Westerners must try to understand that racism is simply a variant of group բrc:- judice which is a constant in all human groups, and that Eliny group can turn racist depending on the situation in which it finds itself. That seems to have håPP Ċ ncd with Israel. One Westerner who recognized the Palestillian problem as at least Eir - tly a colour problem was George Orwell, a writer of dazzling insight and featless integrity, who Wrote in 1946 ''The Labour Party, and the Left generally, is very strongly committed to Support the Jews against the Arabs, largely because it is only the Jewish case that ever gets a hearing in England. Few English people realize that the Palestinian issue is partly a colour issue and that an Indian nationalist, for instance, would probably ridic with the Arabs. OTW cl was absolutely right. An Indian nationalist, Gandhi. Wrote the following in 193: 'It is wrong and inhuman to impose the Jews on the Arabs. What is going on in Palestine today cannot be justified by any moral code of conduct. The mandates have no sanction but that of the last war. Sur. tly it would be a crime against hurianity to reduce the םrםud Arabs so that Palestine can be restored to the Jews partly or wholly as their national home."
Orwell's point certainly applies to the UN Partition Plan of 1947, giving 55% of the land to the 33% Jewish population, which was adopted in blatant contra wention of the UN’s own
14
Charter princi Imin1:1, tibI. TH been un thinkab fact that the Was dominated A white peop. Jews, were bei the expense
people, the Pal interesting tha Toll ble coercing ical satellites
W Cote as perha calcital becil. duskier hue
Peån lIllid Amer the LIN, At le: tative of US R 0 TILL 13. list El
Tilly boccuse Till CE En el El ibject cwotee
Americall friðill the grave, he w; ed 11:1. In and
therefore he col what was bei colou Tcd people Orwell was sur
It sh thuld n: that it is f’TE that the Europe Jews who arc p5i Lion il 15ra åt gå inst the orie Jews. Wery pro the usual group ISTäiel S es cywy L1 estio at ble will ti'ye backwarde häTd im Jews ca in terms of ra til III, as econcil pcrformance is largely by cl However, there Chwe the fact til links, Israel es apartheid South ing black Africa can blacks, w II anifestation :lity of Israel.
Before trying what Israel sign Il a lly, we must El CCCLIII] t the II it was establis are il religio-cul a racial catcgo qLI estional ble the the al rices tots of рогагy Jews eve

ble Of Self-deterat Would have le if Ilot for the JN it that time
by the whites, le, the European ng benefitted at
of a coloured lestinians. It is it the US had
; its Latin Amer3 ver the U.N. is they were reise they were of th 11 E e Eurican Imasters of List (l'Ile TeprescrlSatellite, Carlos is post temporCOf his recalciCough he was :ını of everything the craid Ic – tio ls Sti || a colour. very probably Ildə not stomatch 1 g do Inc tiri a at the U.N. tly right.
it be surprising *quently alleged : El Il Ashkenazi II
in a dominant el discriminate :n Lal Sephardim bably there are prejudices in here. But it is Lether the relass of the SepIn be explained cist discriminalI 1ig ind Other determined sa Iltural factors. is no getting 31 t the inti Ilite tablished with Africa, outragand the Ameriis a blatal If the Tacis Tel
t0 u Ilie T5 til Id
ifies internaticalsö Lake into Il III ET i Which hed. The Jews tural a di Ilot ry, and it is :IrefJrc whether
1. Ily contem
" Wyer : il Piles
time. The brown Jews of India and of the Arab world may claim a "right of return,' but one wonders about the black Jews of Ethiopia and even II (rc about the white Jews of
America and Europe. Arthur
Koestler, himself a Jew, argued
in a book that the European Jews are the descendants of the converted Jews of Khazaristan, a state which existicci in the lower Wolga from the eighth to the tcnth centurie 5. The KhaZa T5 were a Turco-Mongoloid people who never at any time inhibited Palestic. It was the European cws who established Isralel, altıd i n doing so they followed the age-old practice of going into a territory and driving out the natives, or reducing them to serfdom or secondclass status, or subjecting them ti genocidic: That it was in age-old practice is suggested by
Our Own Wijaya-Kuweni legend, and that is how the Latin All crican Stites, the United Stalics, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and apartheid South Africa were established in the
cTil of European domination. That Way of establishing a state
became impermissible by the end of the ninet centh century. What is peculiar about Israel. Els pointed out by Maxime Rodinson, a Jew who wrote one of the best books on the Arab-Israel problem, is that it was established in the midtwentieth century by Inlethods
which had come to be widely regarded as ou trageous.
I will now deal with the question of what Israel significs internationally, dealing firstly with the significance it has had for the West before turning to the peculiar problem posed by the pro-Israeli Sri Lankan. It is obvi - ously incorrect to say that Israel simply significs the return of a people, the Jews, to their ancestral land. The difficulty is that Israel dicnics the right of another people, the Palestinians, to establish their state in the land of their ancestors, and behind that denial all sorts of complexes are involved as sug. gested in the above excuses on

Page 17
Israel and its fou Inding. The details in the excluscs suggest that what Israel has signified
internationally is white, or Inore specifically Western white, domination over natives. And that is why it has been upsetting people all over the world not just the Muslims.
Some Westerners did baulk at the methods used for the creation of Israel, but they
were fiercely committed to Isra cl all the same, qui te unlike Afro-Asians in general. We In Lust rem 1ember that at the time Israel was established in had late forties decolonization the mot really got going, the French, the Dutch, the Spanish, the Portinguese, still being against it. Perhaps what Herzl wrote in 1896 about his proposed Jewish state was still relevant: i We should therefore for III : portion of the rampart of Europe against Asia, an outpost of civilization against barbarism." I can llInderstand what Trotsky, another Jew, meant when he described Herzl as 'a repulsive figure.'' Perhaps - Ilot many Westec Tiners could hawe in the 13 te for Lies,
But in the four decades since hic Western alttitudes to Israel and the Palestinians have changed radically consequent to certain global cha Inges. De colonization has been practically coilpletcd and the resistance to domination of Non-Alignment to a hi. Indred contries as well as in European de-alignment. Racism has been diminishing in the West, even to the cxtent that the brutal kicking down of one human group by
another, of which racism is just one form, seems to be worse in Afro-Asia than in the West. With such changes
Weste Til attit Ludc5 Lc Israel and the Palestinians had also to change.
The Arab-Israel War of 1957 appeared to confirm, and perhaps cwen strengthen, Herzlian White supremacist at titudes, though there were of course dissentient woice s s Luch as the 35c of de Gaulle il FTa Ilce Who
provokcd a sto of Israeli Farr) trand Russell. El England, and a George Ball in
the Yom Kippi produccid rically
ges. As Chris alıd Michael A! their book **Pu before 1973 it in al i Europea II newspaper, and an American article giving se Liri i tij Pales While after 197 serious papers balanced in the Arab-Israeli al the changing att to several specifi ing in the coT changcs ou Lilinc spectacular Egyp the Canal in
may Westerners eness of thc p vulnerability of future: The A also helped in
tern conscious. El Pāle5 tillia, 15 cal as a distinct pe not to be gro Arabs, a point
vincingly dem Jordan's King ed the to the ber in assacre. the West was that while the II lished their ri the Palestinians given their stat
The Intifada rising of the P. seems to hawe Weste:TI attitud two years. Th 1989 issue of (London) carrie editorial about U. S. 'Althoug rael is deeply American Cong rath CT | Tore thi on the lobbyir e Fican Jews,
conviction that
right.' After Premier Shalli more cm barrass

m by speaking ance', of Ber1d. To unbee in * Fullbright and the U. S. BլIt IT WAT of 1973 i ignificat chan
opher Mayhew | da II15 titite in blish it. Not,
was rare to find magazine or refer still in ill blication, in rious considera.ianian claims, 3 Illist of the became Wellir handling of 'airs. Probably itll des were due c factors operattext of global d earlier. The tian crossing of 1973 shocked into an al Warossible Tilitary Israel in the rab oil —Weapon changing Wesess And the le 10 h E: Ste. Il ople who were uped with the that was co1strated when Hussein subjectBlack SeptemMost important, onling to accept rac1 is had cstabght to a state, to had to he
*上
the heroic upllestinian people, further changed es cover the last e 2nd Deccmber the Econo Ilist di an intcr esting changes in the h support for Isentrenched in the ress, it is ball sedil lin it used tÕ be g power of Am"ather less con a Is Tilel is in the Jointing out that had encountered ment than War Inth
on his Washington wis it in November, the editorial proceeded, 'If Isric contin lics to shoot Palestinian civilians, and reject the compromise of partition, the embarrassment may eventually fade into indifference. The intifada may not push Israel out of the West Bank; but it will have inflicted a far deeper wound
on Israel if it makes the West turn its back on the Jewish state."
(To be continued)
Peace Zone. . .
(Confiriliei frorii page II)
United Nations, Wery litt le has happened outside this forum. The ti mc has come to examine what other action the comillInity of nations could initiate to general te greal tCT II 10 I1 en till Im for the efforts of the States directly con ccr ncd to bring into focus the importance of the establishments of a zone of peace in the Indian Ocean.
As mentioned by the ChairIlan of the Ad Hoc Committee con the Indian Ocean, the United Nations is now engaged in the consideration of procedural and substantive II latters that L Te connected with the holding of the Colombo C0Ilfe Te[]ce. Thic Committee has been able to agree con Inost of the procedura laspccts in the course of its pre
paratory work and is now engaged in identifying and elaborating a set of issues and
principles that may eventually get into a Final Document that could be adopted by the Colombo Conference. These issues and principles Littempt to address the political, military, cconomic, social and other interests of the countries within and outside the region. Thus, they are issues and principles which directly or in directly influence the selfinterest of States and the implementation of the Declaration.
This gathering may wish to scize the opportunity to comIn cnt on this issue, as such comments will be of immense Walue il future efforts for their claboration.
15

Page 18
S W R D: Sir
Reggie Siriwardena
Posturing and humourless, it is a deadly self-exposure of personal vanity:
'l suppose, in my own small way, I am one of those un fortunate beings who are driven by destiny. In passing, I mily say that I have a deep sympathy for the much harrassed, but pious, Acneas. Not for such is a life of qui et or happiness or the cnjoyment of the ordinary pleasures of men. As a boy at school, as an undergraduate at Oxford, and now in the Wider arena of life, I have ever been conscious of some task 1 had to perfor III, of the need for striving and effort that appears to have no end, but rather to increase in the widen ing circle of a ripple on the surface of a pool. But there is also a part of Ine that longs for ease and quiet. Sometimes I yearn with a fierce y carning for the calm content of a priest, sheltered in his cloistered temple, or the care-frec happiness if some jungle-dweller With the singing of the birds about hill and the blue sky above hill, or cwch the hund Tull - life of the average man with its small troubles. But, also it cannot
c.'"
Equally self-betraying are his expresssions of belief in his intellectual Superiority, als when during his Prime ministership he spoke of his wish to retire and write a historical novel - "something like War and Peace. This clviction of superiority was no doubt intensified by the mediocrities who surrounded him in this period of his life and activity. ''When a bumbling Cabinet colleague once quoted man of letters in a speech to a public meeting, Bandaranai keturned to a journalist and said, 'You see, sole of my ministers actually read books."
What is of concert to the student of politics, however, is how the character formed by Bandaranaikes early family
1.
Soom
life manifestic tics. Man (r. relations with his subsequel authority. W. returned froll his father put propriate to it He WS II et al large family c. to All Saints thanksgiving S days later, W Was di Tiven t. Horagola, the in procession : ber of capari. ald attended
illusic". At the the CStäte, le
main oth crowd" george Collis plında Te çeliyeti With ānces and pre and obsequiol local villagers. lawn before t there followed betists froIl Si wa te I11 en agerie, Incet, devil di Works." Ho W to the specch Banda Tanaik c. father's disple: fältic has de circe minent place : not that I Ina but that 1 Inay Hic declined I his fath cr Tcl house where h self by his ea al Inti decided, a Lion to his fa | takic to a politi ewe T, when lite political battle pal Council . Milradana war thic for Ilidable Bandara Thaike f::Ath1 cr br1 tlh sitting membe (later Sir Ernes and to use hi one of the p in the Ward port.
Manor's argu pattern of alte
* Tır. Iy the sec Mf NOR't recefir,

n’s Son
itself in polirgues that his is father shaped dealings with Il Banda TallTitlike Oxford in 1925. Con a show ap = conquering hero. the jetty by a 1wal andi taken Church for a rvice. "A few iLes M:LInor **he the estate it läst thrce Illiles Leaded by a numon ed elephants y dancers and bolundaries of Walls llet by "El gathered round so where lg. “w:15 espectful ob eisented with florid is addresses by Them, On the he great house, performances by r Solomonos pria school sports inces and firewer, in answer es of Welc0c, much to his 4sure, said, “If d for I L1 e a promững y Öu, it is be your master be your servant." allowance from ed into a Lown ! supported hillnings at the Bar, tain in opposiher's wishes, to El Career. HOWfought his first at the Municilection for the in 1926 against J. E. Gohn csinha, a pended on his a persuade the A. E. de Silva , to stalci down, influence with werful Muslims Secure their Sup
erit is that this nating rebellion
# part ಬ್ರಿ? JAMEs publish rid biography.
and dependence in relation to his father was the prototype that fores had o wedi his futur C behaviour towards figures who represented higher authority. He rccords three such relationships in Bandara naike's later political life. One is in the first Static Council, where als backbencher he first castigated the Board of Ministers, and then, when he was slapped down by Jaya tilaka and Senama yake, shifted to an attitude of submission and became the defen
der of the Ministers against outside criticism. The second
occasion was when in Wartile he clash cd with Governor Caldecott. To the Goverlor's lack of co-operation with the Board of Ministers On the immigration issue, he reacted violently, making a personal attack on Caldecott, pouring scorn on British War aims, and imposing a ban on local bodies making contributions to War funds, Caldecott replied by Writing to Bandaranalike to say that these actions were incónsistent with his ministerial office. Apparently fearing dismissal, Bandi Talmatike backed down. Th. at by itself might merely have signific d that in the absence of a militant nationalist movement, Bandaranaike wuld have recognised his isolation. But what followed tends to support Manir's theory of a pattern in his behavior whicre rebellion was followed by submission. He made a lo her “dra Timatic Lu T na but as in the earlic case, ld 55med the Tole of Govcrnor’s cha Tmpion in the Board of Ministers.
The third and perhaps most significant example of this syndrome was his relationship with D. S. Sė Ina na yake in the postindependence Cabinet. Between 1949 and 1951 Bandara nai ke pressed within the U.N. P. government a number of mainly nationalist issues which were turned down by Senanayake and the rest of the Cabinet. Moreover, there occurred several incidents which seened designed

Page 19
t) hıllılrı ili alte BELTı da Tala like :ını d push him into resignation, Yet even when his usually docile followers in the Sim ha la Maha Sabha pushed for confrontation, Bandaranalike temporised. He took the Final step of resignation in July 1951 only when Sena na yake had left hill with Virtually no alternative.
Those who reject the projecLico II of personal psychology into the study of political b chawiCo LT may findi Manor's Eriksom-style analysis un acceptable. However, Manor has a strong point because he can find confirmation in Bandaranalike's own
words. In his resignation specech i in Parliament in 1951, Bandaranalike began by com
päring his break with Sena nawake With his decision in 1926 to take to politics against his father's wishes. Of that earlier step he said, 'I was faced with a most difficult decision involving mot Conly personal relations with those whom I would not wish to displease but also certain sacrifices and hardships for myself. It would seem that I am faced with a similar decision once again now." He Went on to say of his resignaltion, 'I have conquered myself.'
The discussion of Bandaranaike's attitude to authority leads naturally to the question of how he exercised it when he attained the position of head of the government. But I think it is necessary to preface this part of my review with a consideration of Bandara naike's political philosophy. For this purpose I Wish to cite tw) quotations from Bandara naike himself. The first is on the subject of truth:
"Whatever may be the eternill verities, truth iself is in
many Ways a relative thing. What is true today may not have been true y esterday, a Tid III y I not be t Tuc tam o TTCI w. What is true for one person need not necessarily be true for another. Wery often, the
whole truth lies neither entirely 011 One Side, nor 01. the Other,
It is very oftcI 7ling compg LInd
The scold the subject of and Was Iliade tary speech wh li 11 sat bil tHl li ch. It may thi tt have bicen his differences
Il Lille ble ili Il ble at Eller:
* * I fըt:1 til it small way both midwife, I at
cathbed. I that the thing i like l ste, 15 casc at ce Wery tie death is r: ful and dignif mc equally thi try artificially dying thing in anyone should at the trait a Tnd squeeze öylı is already fast
I III ll SC, wife at 1 birt hit Eirth ti ! painless as fall I tւm not imբ llwing thing bị of the Worlb and bring for something grot ted. I am al to strangle "", bווI ס"ה
When Ba TdF micta phor of was probably tTa Tis forming if it in his * Force is the old Society pi new." He Wa rejecting the Tirol. But ir himself in t mlIT se ärn d 1mi way in which these Tøles, til tion of the leadership. C an Corgi Ilic P I ready taking

1, a rather putzof many things.'"
lotation is on Social change, in a parliamen:I B: Elda T: I like UNP i elrefore be take I In Lelded to Ilirk with Selama yake dlı ğuld the left
I am in Tly own a nurse and a Il i ii1 1 1 ISIC : t : Tellizē litt lå,5 t s dying. I would 51011ld bę Lille deathbed, that :asonably peacelied, It shocks it anyone should to galvanize the to life and that place his hand of the dying thing
It the life thit
ebbing.
| fecl, a Illid
l, I would like be auspicious and r as possible. . . atient to drag the :f Te its title Clut With instruments to the World esque and distorso not prepared that life ill its
Aranaike used his the midwife, he borrowing ini Marx's application famous aphorism, midwife of every 'egnant with the is, in the T w Cordis, forceps of revolu1 his casting of he role of both dwife, and ill the he conceptualises ilere is a devaltı:1- task of political h1 :: Illige is se en AS "ocess that is alplace and will in
cwitably be consuminated in S0
ciety; the function of the cader is only to create the collditions II der which th:LL pro
cess can be completed naturally and peacefully. Such a conception excludes both the choice of social goals as well ils guidance and direction by leadership in the process of change. This becomes all the clearer when combined with the Elgnosticism in respect of truth declared in the other passage. If truth itself is so indict criminate and many-sided, what else is there for leadcrship to do but let social forces express the Illselves freely and Work out their
o wyl directions?
I don't want to deny that
there are certain attractive Teiltures in such a political position, if one compares it with
that of a Pol Pot cor a Wijc
Wcera who is dogmatically con
vinced of the infallibility of his own political model and wishes to impose it by force on society. But the record of Banda Tanilike's premiership is a demonstration on the other hand of thic disastTOLIS CI 15 Clle C3 of his abdication of the legiti
mate and necessary tasks of leadership in a democratic society. I cannot go here into every aspect of this weakness what Manor calls his "general and quite astonishing tendency to make it unwarranted concessions to almost any groups that demanded them". But the most
costly manifestation of this habit was in the ethnic con flict between Sinhalese and TIL i 15.
Bandaranalike had begun by endorsing in all sincerity the
general consensus among political leaders of the mid-forties onwards for equality f official status between Sinhala and Tamil. During his phase as an internal opposition within the UNP Cabinet, he urged - quite correctly - that nothing was being done to replace Eng1ish in its official fuTıctions by both national languages. When in the mid 1950s linguis
דן

Page 20
tic nationalism surfaced among the Sinhala-speaking middle classes and a few intellectuals who spearheaded their cause, they didn't think originally of Bandaranalike as their potential leader. This was natural in view of the contradictions in Banda Tanaikes i Image and pubblic behaviour. Although he had Wooled these same social groups through the Sinhala Maha Sabha from 1937 on wil Tids, hic also projected a distinctly a Englicised and clite pe Tsonality — a contradiction that was to persist to thic end of his days. M: mor records HC w in 1938 he appeared in national dress at a public meeting and condemned the adoption of English customs, but within a fortnight was photographed 'wearing a western suit alongside his greyhound Billy Micawber, winner of six prizes at the Kennel Club dog show'. He also relates how on as su ming the Prcimiership Bandaranaike substituted, at the Weekly press conference-cumbreakfast, kiribath for Sir John's cgg hoppers, but spoilt the cffect by himself eating the symbolically national food with a spoon. I should like to add to these anecdotes one not told by Manor but derived from my own experience in the parliamentary press gallery after 1956, AS Prime Minister, BandaraIhalike was once in Wolved in heated cross-talk with Robert Guna Wardena. The argument was in English, and Robert at one point said something that
was rather inclegant gra Ilımar. Banda. Tamaike LuTinel On him in with cring scorn and said,
* "Why don't you speak a language you understand? Speak Sinhalese.'" His tones left no doubt that this was a language fit only for the lower orders. The Prime Ministic must hawe recollected himself later, for when Han sard come out, it didn’t Te port the rcmark.
So it was not to BandaraDajke that the Si Thalal nationalists first went in 1955 when they wanted a charismatic politician to cs pouse their čause
8
* language
but to Dudley was only after them down tha on Bandara naik SLFP responde by passing it: language polic 1955, Bandara I in a for Ill that libcrtal than tht and in fact : the present-day tion, “Sinhala
used government of boards "except ind Eastern the language si From the Col naikc, in keepi Lice of yieldii pressure groups way to cha uwin pure 'Sinhala () and most 5ha, was the abrogal daram na ike-Chel in response to who squatted o' at Rosmead P quotic Mano T:
"He (Bandara the radio statio to the Ila titorn t naike-Chelva nay, dissolved. III: home and infor of the annotic de manded a det. i Ing. He rcfuse Wat S L1 I 1 T1 CCCS Sary insisted. He but before they the bhikkus' lea ther humiliation the Federal Pal that de 1015 trati est te Tamilis b
India and that be de leted fro stamp that goo
loyees used on The premier ex had the power 1ish the la 5t of Illised to do so
This and is have a bocari Tng summed up in Mamor his cho graphy, The E.

Sen ä nayake. IL Dudley turned it they fell back . Wher the di to this offer i Testill I til Il y in September lå i ke fra med it | Wis IT1uch II. Ore later 1956. Act, i. [] pTc3xi II1a ted t3 " Tegional soluWilld be the by all courts, fices and local in the Norther Princes where II Kılı ld be: "Taqili].'' Wards, Badara1g With his pric1 g l) :1 Titic Lu|Alte i, stel dily gawe ist de Illa Ils for inly'. The final me full Eul Telder : Oil of the Balvil mayakam pact grouբ մք monks Lltside his holise lace. Let Ille
naik c) drowe to n and in Inounced hat the Bandaraakam pact was then returned ned the bhikkus In ent, but they laration in writsaying that it and still they hic n consented, tok their leave dicir a dded furby asking that tly be ban Ted, }I's 1 mong thic : scIt back to Tamil lettering In the official ernment empcorrespondence. Illined that he inly to accompthese, and pro
Emilar episodes in the paradox the title that 2II1 fc}T his bipcdient Utopian.
I am not sure whether "utopian' is the most appropriate word in this context to relatic to Bandara naike's inchcoate liberalism. But the combination between this and his quite cvident readiness to compromise his principles in the face of political necessity can probably be explained in part by the political philosophy that I have already described. Perhaps Bandaranaike saw no inconsistency between the two because his brand of populism was dependent on the assuIIl pion that When e ver supposedly popular forces asserted themselves, a uthority should bend before them.
Next: SWRD and ethnic violence.
UN P, JVP . . .
(ČTYIr i ries' sa'a ya page (0)
that faction. We are relatively :Alto I CICLIS of the II. Thl. It is the only realistic role for the Left, Or else we II list destabilise the system through strikes and What not, which will only help those with the guns, the JWP and the Ililitary. BecauŠe pover is a serious business. Just because we hit the streets, when there arc armed vanguards like the JWP and the military. I don't think we can preempt them and take power. Therefore I think, that is thic task of al 1 of luis today and this task presupposes that there is a commonality. Because for me, today, Il Sri Lankā and in flct in the World - here I agree With GIbachev - there are things beyond the contradiction between capiTallis III a Ind socialismı, between "right' and left', beyond bourgeoisie and proletariat. There are common problems in the World, of peace, the environ Ilment, of dcbt (as Fidel Castro has pointed out). Šo als i Si Lika. All Illese tasks that we have been discussing arc those which cannot be discharged by the Left alone or by the Copposition and in fact TequiTes a concerted effort of the rational, democratic, 11 Cid crist sections within government and opposition; in politics and out side of politics; in civil society as a whole.

Page 21
Perestroika is a " new li
Mikhail Gorbachew
HT"??? пеeds a genius at all til Illes, and every era
presents his Inew features to us, This is how a genius differs from ordinary people.
Perestroika is revealing a new Lenin to Luis. It has Illice agai placed his personality and his political and theoretical legacy into the vortex of political and ideological struggle, where the socialist content of Perestroika is at stake.
Lenin made a unique contribution to the dew clop Ilment a Ind practical implementation of the socialist idea - an idea which marches on through all the trials and tribulations of this dra Inaltic century. If not for Leni In and the Octobcr Revol Lition, We Would bc unable now to give a new treatment to the global questions of the crit cria of progress and of hu II han beings as Walues into the Ilselves.
The World of Lenin is boundless and spreads into all spheres
of human life, of the human community in all its Inanifestations. It involves the situal
tions, roles and destinies of all social classes and strata-workers, farmers, intellectuals, women, the youth. Nothing is alien to his world, from everyday cares to vital political issues, from basic morals to law and order in a state, from political tactics to the philosophical treatment of global proces5Ը8,
Whatever features of this world I choose to highlight in this addrcss, it will be only a partial analysis of a vast matter.
Now we see that thc tremendous w calth of Lenin’s hicritage Tequires comprehen siwc, not selective studies.
The method of his ration cination, his dialectical approach to all issues, and thic turning points of his historic activity
3தFer ir hor F ". M. LerTirI (vvr Isr Birr driversary.
hawe in e Le Imai especially in pc. Ellowed Wi ledge of his crated the sec social patterns est thinker of is with Luis.
He is With lary politician, his power in a group, let El selfish elds. W political and () he new er forgol the people — tE te Ted Ill OSt.
He is with airy capable of incredibly diffi When a country holl of rewolu" tes to cross tha the mammoth is coming to may reveal its to errich hist. contrar y may a element.
Lenin precis { motive forces policies pursui and immediate why he influen
His dia lcctj. politics and th cial value in t Whe situations Hic 5:ll yw all fall Inutual contrad Ce TICd the mi the IT1. ILe foTc developments : fective policies This was 1 5. We must study
We de cele a III liversary of critical stage When change community to
Pc citikā life. It Illa de LI things il olur We are looki SouTccs of OLIT

enin to
purport and are tant to LIS today.
h a vast kilowme, Lenin penrict workings of
He, the greatthe 20th century,
IS EA S H Il exempW El o leweT used the interests of ble to his 0 WI Whatever till II the her events took, the interests of e thing that Inat
is, a revolution
resolute steps in cult situations - is on the thres!ion, and hesitalthreshold, when
grass Toots forcc the surface, and creative potential ory ot, con the it as a destructive
:ly evaluated the of history. His 2d both distant goals. This is cc.d history,
all potential in cory was of spcTa insition periods,
cha Inged il pace. Cito Ts, with thei T ictions, and disin trend behind saw all possible Ind drew up of
on their basis. blime art '.','hich
rating the 20th l1i5 birLl1 :ät ta, in Perestroika, has brought out a crucial point.
las beca ) Ic ou IT reappraise many past and present. ng back to the great revolution
US
to realise what kind of society has emerged from it and why We need another revolution of no less importance for tour coultry and the World.
Now it i 5 esse Intial to makic these points clear, when Perestroika is entering the history of the 20th Century als an event to which the standards of major social Tewallutions are Lo b c applied.
However, as the historical impact and social essence of Perestroika are being cvaluated, destructive approaches to Lenin have comic into the foreground. These trends are dan gerous because they a Te simplistic and usic the methods of the “concisc history of the Communist Party,' though for a contrasting purpose. They are aimed at identifying Lenin with Stalin and can paint all Soviet history black to portray the October Revolution and the ensuing cvcnts as eTTo TS a Tid, even Worse, as crimes against the nation and hl u ma nity.
Such attacks on Lenin strengthe conservative trends in the Communist Party and society, as the covert cleIllies of Perestroika make use of the chance to pose as defenders of Le minism - the way they see it.
True, We must Teappraise LeTı in's th coretical and politicill legacy, put an end to idolatry and discard misrepresentations. We must draw a dividing line in his legacy between what wholly belongs to the past and what shall re Ilain in the intellectual and cultural treasury of our community to spur. On its progISS.
But disrespect is out of place here. Philistinc slander of Lenin as Iman is im moral, and at tempts to cast aspersions on his noble goals and a spirations are absurd.
It is high time to put an end to the absurd idolization of Lenil. Now we know its all too well. But we are re
19

Page 22
solutely up against the descCration of his memory, whatever for II it takes in this country or abroad.
Thc so one we disca Tid simplistic attitudes to Lenin, the better we shall see his grandeur and the extent to which his legacy is topical and cssential for us. This is a difficult task, because de cades were spcnt Inaking an idol of Lenin - we know for what policy and idelogy. But to give up the true in age of Lenin under the pretext of shat teri Ing the idol - means to Tob the hearts and Illinds Of the coming generations a Ind under Emine the very basis of our state a 11 d community.
To defend Lenin does not mean to make a religious cult. As we defend hill, we defend our achievements, our quest and out socialist future.
Lenin's era, with its storms, antagonisms, heroism and drama, has receded into the past. Now we must study it, free from lies and myths. It is edifying knowledge, necessary to form the political and ethical culture of ou T community, to imbue it with genuine patriotism and intcrnationalism based on education and conviction.
Lenin detested high flown talk about patriotism. He left us unsur passed political and moral examplics of truc patriotism and internationalism going hand in hand. He was dead set against national a Trogance and cha uwinis m. When he felt it was necessary, he wrote his famous article about thic national pride of great Russians (collected works, vol 21, pp. 102-106).
An intellectual of noble birth Lenin was part of the people. He never saw the working people as clay from which anything co Luld be sculptu Ted, inor as objects of philanthropy, revolution and socialism, the way he saw th cm, a Tose due to the crcatiwity of the masses,
This was Lenin’s funda Incntal idea, We sce its import with particular clarity today,
as we seck to implement it, as perestroika aroused the entire
2O
community frc Ncw social pat shape, and ev collic to the fi can no longer
Still we hear Party launched out a detailed Some say that priorities is wi nostalgic for thi reality was sque imposed on the mind the har di f
We had enoug and we know th Well, Social Tea into the procrus rctical schemes. big for them to as alien and hos
organism suffo Idcas and social de formed.
Having embar [5c of Pre-Str. Temember th] Well and Ilot temptation of in out offices der over ways society. We air to relying on ti) 15.
By and larg ticistand a about the tiI'r stcp was plan Walce: after is domination of 5ystem of adı agement it is l.15 t.) O We:T"C () 11 i dependence or the habit of 5 tain patter11 acting only structions,
Socialism is the Ilassics. L this fa IT10L15
Ileans. The C the Illasses ari predictable. forced in advi tain patten, te. Ils of Imillico are doing thi thing infinitely greatest genill Lenin said. (W
PeIcstrojka cha Ice to be

Im it5 slumber. terTls are taking or new problems re. Old patterns Solve then.
reproaches: the Perestroika withlong-term plan. COLIIT 3T der of "]Thg., Otherts El Ic : Old Ways, when Czed in to schemes people, and never licts. h of the sic ways, eir fruit only too lity was squeezed teä Il bcd of the oind what was too hold was severed tile. Our Social Cilted in fetters. III e Iltality were
ke d Iil the cor
Jika, We should is lesson very yield to the
| 00king ou Tselves in order to pon
of healing our : much too used TCI:ll dy-made solu
E, I'll I 1t L'H Il Løstalgic נת טLES WH led well in ado a prolonged the bureaucratic linistrative manVery difficult for the ailment of
feeling ewery
directives and icki Ing to a cerif thought and
1 S (, ) IIle One" 5 II
being circa Led by :t LIs think what phrase actually eil Live efforts of Wa Tied and unhey can not be ICE in LCI à cer"... the Inicis of is of those who g3. Cr CFL te simileloftic than the can foresee,' ol.26, p.474) iwe S all of Is a Jurselves and to
tike i part in creating history. Herein lies its mission of emancipation and a great chance for the entire Coll n tTy to utilize its vast potential at last.
We do need plans and projects. There is no need to prove what immense importance Lenin attached to them. But he considered a plan or a project viable and cffective only if it was the result of tine theoretical comprehens of real processes and the activities of the Il SSS.
Lenin constantly urged the Party to measure its intensions and programmes against the ex
pectations and sentiments of the people. Otherwise, any policy, even if it is theoreti
cally correct, ca n prove in consistent. He warned that "millions of people will never listen to the advice of parties if that advice does not fall in with their own experience,' (Wol.24, p .495) .
That is why Marxism was never a dog IIa for Lenin. In the very beginning of his career he wrote that the idea was not to “Tepeat the Old Conclusions” of the classics by rote' but to b c " "a ble to use the Marxist method of Tesearch to analyse the new political situation." (Wol. 6, p. 458) this gives us the
key to understanding those spectacular turns which Lenin made at the crucial points of
historical development.
Each of those turns was very
difficult. Lenin had not only to struggle with himself and his political opponents but to
withstand strong pressure from his comrades in lhe Party who reproached him for "giving up the principles' of Marxis in and even "deviating from it. Responding to such accusations, Lenin worte: if things have worked out differently, if they are more original, more peculliar, more variegated than anyone could have expected, we
should not 'Lake after those 'old Bolsheviks who more than Once played so Tcgrettable a
role in the history of Our Party by reiterating formulas senselessly learn cd by rote instead

Page 23
of studying the specific featu
res of the new and living reality,' (Wol.24, p. 44). Such people, he went on to say,
"should be consigned to the archive of 'Bolshevik pre-revolutionary antiques (it may be
called the archive of "old Bolsheviks).' (IBID),
Sarcastically smashing the
narcissus-like revolution:lries who pined away for love of themselves, Lenin warned that a revolution o “that took thicsc pe 0ple seriously would perish irrevocably (and deservedly). (Wol.27, p.340),
I am deliberately quoting Lenin frequently in this pl. Tt of Illy speech in order for us to see the character of his statements on an issue of such topical importance for LIs tjday.
At the sudden turning-points, Lenin SO1115 times had til enter into conflict with his collcagues and blunty go aga inst the majority, This is wividly born out by the story of the Brest Peace Treaty and the most acute problems created by the transition to NEP (new economic policy), This is how one of the participants in those events described what happened: probably only Kra sin and Tsuryupa agreed with Lenin right fr 011 the very beginning, while all the others either kept silence cor Cobjccted. This is what Lc1in dici (I quote): ** when I look straight into your cycs, yll seem to agree with me and say y es. But as soon as I till Tin :1Wily, yČili sily n0. YQLI a re playing hide-and-shick With me. Then allow nunc to play an Ordinary parliamentary galle with you. When parlia II ent gives a no confidence vote to the head of government, he resigns. You expressed Ili coilfidence in 11e during the Conclusio II of the Brest Peaçe, although even fools understand now that I Lily policy was correct. Now again you have no confidence in Ille conçerling the New Economic Policy. I thereby IL1 a ke the conclusion commoIl in parliT1CIntary Presence and hand ill my resignaltion to the two highest bodies
- the All-Russia cutive Commit , וחווח טPl
LicIlin’s ligul TL1|| eventually pre Wall accepted NEP.
For all his 1 Lenin changed life ill:Illanded, C postulates or dog scemed sacTed. : specific analysis situation, which to b c + “the li Marxism. (Wol.
Thinking We given by Lenin, to bear in Iihili at a tough time violence, when including the gre had til hold the wings,' as worker said,
FTČIl ti T11 : t:0 we are asked W ber Revolution at all and whet have been bette stop after the F tion. In the p of ideas, Sill which airc a bis 11 to the past, pl: goals, as a rule. reliedy for the It goes withou February revolu standing CW (It tory. It is a tha t the b(ol.I Tg; goverment faile main issues of volution - peac land. The CCLII for a national ci rejecting the the blish Wiks i downed the ci Lenin said. ' in the world W Tesorted to Te (men sheviks an lutiona Ties) ha reform? Why so? (vol.30, p.3 Lelil TCS OIT'te in the book tic The Bolsheviks, Kornilow rebel compromife to parties: "withic participate in they would ref

Exeth:
A Central է: E and
ents a Tld logic illed: the Party
ove for theory is mind when lis regarded amy gmas which had Lld clied on a of a concrete le considerei Wing soul of 31, p. 166). T the lessons it is necessary that he lived of Widespread Tevolutionarics, A test hul Illinists, their hearts by One Bolshevik
time nowadays, Fhether the OctoWas necessary her it wouldn't for Russia to February revoluolitical struggle h deliberations, rd with respect I rs u e de ma gogic There is only one m - Stark facts. t saying that thc tion Was an outin Russilm hisfact, however, ! collis Melshevik to resolve the the Russia. Il Teo, bTead d 1 try was heading tastrophe. Later, Lccusation that had deliberately untry in blood,' 5 there a fcb o! ho would have uט1f y וזנf01utit i Socialist-revoreally begun id you not do 2). i to every trick avoid civili wa T. soon after the ion, proposed a e other socialist it any claim to e government', ain from demand
ing the immediate transfer of power to the prolctariat and the poor peasants and from enlploying rewolutionary methods of fighting for this demand.' The Mensheviks and thc S.R.S, would them agree. . . to for T1 a gwernIllent without the bourgeois parties which could be wholly and exclusively responsible to the Soviets ... this would ensure that "the revolution would
proceed peacefully and Party strife in the Soviets would be peacefully overconic ..." (Lenin,
complete works, Wol.25, p.307).
It is worth recalling all this now, because many people today - some out of ignorance, others deliberately - snatch episodes, facts and documents out of the chain of events to prove Lenin's alleged inclination for violence. But Lenin always sought political solutions as long as they were possible. Some ew en said he had devised a whole theory of coinpromises'. '...Wiolence is, of course, alien to our ideals." he wrote (complete works, Vol.23, p. 69). These are the words to be comprehended by LI Indic r
anyone who wants to stand Lenin.
The above example is not
merely a reference to the true facts of history and a tribute to discovering the real Lenin. It is also crucial to LIS in a Tother important respect.
Being in a Tevolutionary turmoil, this country is agail attempting a historic breakthrough in scarch of justice and prosperity, Launched by the Soviet Communist Party and inspiring most of the people, the policy of Perestroika measures up to the revolutionary tasks which starc society in the face. The Inlethods of conducting this policy are designed to keep the formidable drive for profound transformations safely Within the democratic fra meWork based on Ilational Concord and unity, and to prevent the country from heading into the chaos of civil and ethnic confict fraught with voilence, death and bloodshed. Trlie, in some parts of the country,
(Cried ar page 24)

Page 24
Caste Oppression and V Subordination in Jaffna
Dr. Dewanesan Nesiah
SCČ ICW ICTY where violent destruction, galping teårs in the fabric of or Society, thc : bando ning of II any of our
che rished values and the Colla p5e of many institutions of which 'Wee OICC proud. Our people have been brutalished by se vcTai II Years of Civil War in which IIlt1 my
thousands of the population, Inostly young girls and boys, have been killed and immeasu
Table damage has been done to Plblic and private PTC) per ty. The economy has been devastated. The military presence which significantly intruded into Ja Trä in the late fifties and from time to tille thereafter has greatly іпсгеased and spread through the length and breadth of this island. We are now confronted With an intimidating array of diverse armed forces. Some parts of Our country including Jaffna have been virtually un policed for many years and the COLI Tt: have ceased to function in those
districts. Civil authority has been greatly undermined. Nu
Inerculs public, pTivate and nongovernmental institutions have all but disappeared and much of civic life has ground to a halt.
Jaffna society has been often described as
COI servative and even reactionary. There is much truth in this. There has been
some belated improvement but caste prejudice continues to be SIT 0 Ig in Jaffna. III this I espect the Jaffna Tamil Community is perhaps the most backward in Sri Lanka. Even the Christian Schools have done We Ty little Lo combat this evil, What is the proportion of the so called depressed caste student in Jaffna's leading Christian schools comEl Ted to thait in the populatio in of the district? How md I1y teachers do they have from those communities? Do they have any progra IIn mes to promotic integration
(Speech at Chiridikili Girls School.)
IFF: ( A. ரீன்)
OT to red Luce disi ČCO1) Illic: leve:
Jaffna women trictions but it evidence is Illix ä5 in the Grei "portfolio" of by it Woman, pre learned of the the status of S Athic I1 e as Le Tling there h; obstacles to thi WLIIIlict of thes, c häTriers : in Jaffna as els the people of a Ilong the first the new opport Cation that erTier Tule. Soe the cal Ilicist of schCOCl5 Cf St. established in Ja girls schools and expanded. Chu Indikuli havo sands of girls 1 to excel in i Il Sri La Inka, other countries.
But there coi disparity betwee in the encourag Waitio Ili pro vided parents and Sewel in respect of S jects of study C: UT : Willic : ged to takie 5 lub equip them fr cą Teers, girls år ged to opt for are intellectually El Id ca Tce T — Wisse Despite such bi of pride that it competitive fields to Siri Lankı” 5 girls have sect mä. Il y places as respect we are USA and many count Ties in wh disparity in Me, greater. Girls

Vomens"
parities in socio
also suffer resthis matter the :d. In the Hill du k panth con the dication is held Islamably the most deities. Despite aras wathi and of oddess of Learve bcc in Ina Iny : educationali a dwcome II. Some of Te being lowered ewherc. In fact this region were to respond to unities for eduged under British f the finest and the modern girls İlıtlı Asil were fina. Since then have multiplied Schools like 2 produced thouwho have gone higher education India and many
ntinues to be a In bÇeys Eında girls elleInt li nd Immo Liby many of the Tal of the schools election of suband choice of Cy8. El Te en COLIrljects which will ir high-prestige e Often encourasubjects which less demanding less promising. ls it is a latter In certain highly i. e.g. admissions Medical Schools, I red almost as 3 boys. In this El head of the other developed ich the gender– dical Schools is have succeeded
in staking a strong clai II foT parity in education ol opportunitics alınd, despite some halı indicaps, have shown that given equal facilities they can do as well as, or even better than boys.
However, society continues to impose many restrictions on women in Tespect of employment. In this matter we have been slower to lower barriers against Women than. In any developed countries. Even within the professions to which Women are admitted they tend to be pushed into certain functions and specialities and away from certain others. Wo Inen may be encouraged to get involved in religous Work but are largely denied the status and functions of priesthood. Within the medical profession they may be encouraged to specialise in obstetrics and gynaecology rather than general surgery. Women engineers tend to do desk jobs with prospects of career advancellent inferior to that of their male colleagues, in the legal profession women are numerically disproportionate in chambers headed by male lawyers cor as sist male advocates räther than head their own chambers or conduct their own cases in the courts. Once excluded from thic Ceylon Civil Service, women are new admitted to the Sri Lanka Administrative Service but, to the best of my knowledge, only one of them has been posted as a Government Agent and none has risen to be the Secretary of a Cabinet Ministry.
Such obstacles to the professional advancement of Women exist to a greater or less extent in all countries. All Over the world We find Women concentrated in teaching, nur 5ing, library science, scCretarial work, social work, certain types of factroy work, the gallent industries etc. None would claim that these occupations are unsuitable for Women. What I a un suggesting is that women can greatly widen their horizons and en ter and cxccll in hundreds of other professions which are now largely the preserve of Inen. I have no doubt that such developments will be encouraged by this school.

Page 25
Some may protest that the environinent is not conducive to such Venturing Out along new avenues of activities. They may urge that women must stick to safe and well-trod professional fields till Settled conditions are restored. Feminists, who are no doubt well represented in this school, may urge that it is precisely because conditions are un settled that there are Illic W opportunities which should be seized. There is indeed much evidence from Illany countries to support such an assertion. For example Franz Fanon writes of the tra Irsformation in the status of Women during the Algerial revolution: "The Woman who before the Re"Wol Lı tico In Tn c"W eT left the house With Olt being acco IIlpanied by the mother or the
husband is now entrusted with special missions. . . she spends the night. With an unknown
family... the husband or the father leаг п5 to look up on the relations between the sexes in a new light'.
There hawe been soline such developments in our society in the last few years. I do not want to be Illis unders to cod. I am not sliggesti Ing that w I llen should takc needless risks. Nor am I en di Orsing their involvement in wi Collent actiwities, which I consider to be suitable I either to women or to Illel. All I all saying is that under rewolutionary situations, such as during the French Revolution two centuries ago, or during the Egyptian or Indian independence struggle half a century ago or in the current Palestinial liltifada, 5 CT1 e of the Cobstancil c5 t) the activities of Wile I lay be removed and they may gain opportunities to exercise certain TTcco IIs Orto il dva. Il cc il new career fields. Such openings may not come their way under more Scttled conditions. Similarly in times of rapid cconomic and cultural transformation, als iIn South India in the Sangam period, in the USA for many decades and in many countries in the early post world war 2 years, Women may occupy key positions from which they were previously excluded al Id exerçi se freel) IIs
they werc tradi A largc proporti and poets of the WeTe. W T1 CD), IN 0 til: advice on gover by the kings Some of the ga. permancnt but lost when the si P colducive to su реаг. In sопе women hawe 110 the frecdom15 during thıc Salı FT e Lich Wolle El enjoyed during voluti.
The extraordi which now prey fresh opportuni to advance. To we saw, in the e groups taking i tives in public a parts of Our cou with a large pi male populatio detline, Ilg activities, goric wis c unable ti public life Wol more than ever key positions. has been II adt. advance further date the gains, critical period Mally Elite ippi futu Te Tind the Illo TTC) W. LČL LIS Will have 1. ma. Imining that fu the in 5 Littl|ti CT1 in establishing the ciduct : the public serv ti C) :
I have spoke in general are da. But what CF the WCT1 el
of Chu Indikuli? Elind also as a II Johns, I lay some insights i Many schools ths which the even understan up to. Your 1 Which is als C your Collage : me:In that yolu to He iI 1lle v fra Iltie: T, of eyi

tionally denied. In if the Writers : Sangam period Eably Awwali whose ment Was so light if that period. iIls IImay be come some may be recial conditions Ich gains disaprespects Ta Ilil t fully regained they exercised gali II period no T the status they the French Re
nary conditions "ail may provide ties for Women a limited extent ighties, Women's important i Initiaffairs in various intry. More ower, oportion of the killed, disabled ged in military ''Tis I til CTto be active in 1len lre Teeded before to occupy Some progress Wc cel to and to consoliWe Te i Il a iT1 ou T history. rehensive of our society of Lohope that Women jor role in detertuTC, in cTeating of that society, its Waltics and in if business and ices in the y Cars
:Il of what Wollen called upo Il to do others expect and little women As an old pupil 1 olid boy of St. claim to hawe n to this question. ha we L34 til III1ūtstudents do not d, let a loc liwe not to is Forward, Ele theme of : Ung. It Could are called upon 'anguard, on the ery advance. The
Collins New Concise Disctic Ilary El 150 defines Forward as p Te sumptious, pcrt and impudelt. I believe that the collmon perception, particularly am ong, Jinh Iliams, is that the girls and olid girls of Chun dikuli are forward in every sensc of that word. I urge you to be true to your motto. Thosc who know the girls and old girls of Chu Indiku li are awa Te that they do not really need such prompting to assui 1e leadership roles. Some may even
think that what is needed is a word of caution. But submitting to un due restraint, keeping out of the centre of activity and failing to mect
challenges are not in the spirit of Chudi kuli.
I would urge the girls of Chun dikuli to bc bold and ambitious in your choice of subjects of study and adventurous and idealistic in your career aspirations. Do not feel constrained by the traditio Iıa I limli
tations placed by others on your scholastic and professional careers. Several of those who
have passed through this school hawe distinguished themselves in fields which Were concc but are no longer regarded as more
suitable for men. I have no doubt that many among you will do the same and blaze
new trails along which others will follow. I am not thinking only of the white collar professions but of every kind of community service which requires imagination, special skills, dedication to duty, strength of character and leadership qualitics.
Perhaps by the turn of this Century Illany among you will Occupy key positions in various public and community services, in banking, in industry and
con merce, in a cademic and in political life. Perhaps some of you will become outstanding
philosophers, archeologists, electTonic engineers, artists, archiLects, mathematicians, scientists, Ilarine engineers, explorers, allthors, economists, journalists, broadcasters, drama and film producers, actors, airline pilots and stewards, industrialists, 114rketing mimagers, diplomats
23

Page 26
and political cadcrs. I have listed some professions at randoll not so Illuch as occupatibI1s I Te:C)I11TI cTd bu t r: th1 cT as indicalling the range and wariety of career prospects open to a young woman with a m)- dern education such as Chun dikuli – prcowides. Yo lu h:1 We as пuch right as Hпулпе е!se to set your sights high and your school equips y ) LI better than Illast the Is to reich thise til ITgets. But I trust that your aspirations are not directed exclusively on the elite professions and that your ambitions a Te mot närra willy defined in terms of social prestige and economic St:tlus.
It is important to keep se v eral factors in mind. Firstly, only a small minority of students can en ter the elite professions. The large majority will occupy positions of less prestige and low er rennuncratio , It is as Ilmu chi the Tu In ction of the school to prepare and motivate girls to serve in these positions as to equip the few who may IL10 we into occupations higher up the Social ladder. Secondly, job-satisfaction and opportunities to make a significant contribution to public welfare may be found as much outside as Within the clite professions. Mahatma Gandhi was e minently qualified to be a successfull bal Trister. He got far more job-satisfaction and made an incompara bly greater Contribution til Society by a bandoning that carcer for unpaid political and community
ser witic. Many of thit Inis sionaries including sewe all whic) Scrived il this di 5trict WeI Wcl
equipped for distinguished professional Careers in their CIWI. country. They gained, and We all gained, because they chose instead to engage in even more valuable, and demanding but virtually unpaid, service in land fait distant from their place of bit. Subra Imaniam Barathi with the advantages of Brah Illin birth and exceptional intellectual and litarary skills, could have found a place at the apex of Indian society. Hic preferTed to align himself in his lifestyle and the content of his poetry
24
with the poor of that subcolt lizatitirl Is It1ւIt: El CC 1 Lt.
It is not onl sitä turc of Ma Slubri, li lil II B Nightingale, W Albert Scll Weit? Theresa whic: քHttit, I thirtiլIgh t critive trildition: C: Te er tracks. I
կա է: Ըil I1 Է է: E || կ*լ է 111 է:Tl ֆ1Լ Է:" Է who greatly col happiness of a much job-satisf: so. You may f both in your si Side il Illa Thy They may be minor employee dants, shop-kee so Liis, bus driw gover II ment ser', employees, vol in non-governm tions cor neighb י1:Hy hוזן פוח נWh C ployment. Crea Iltivation to El Satisfaction I in W cl arę 11ęętlęd fo LI [id ii L1 a | a levels. To a society places phasis on gaini mic qualificatio elite professions eclið Tiliç afflue the worth of it Contributes ta of the majority other goals or ch the targets S III Ility. That fails to lake ti its human res. We till Tite the ills (of Coll T false Wille:S tl a 1 L contributed.
Perhaps amon IIlliny Who i Spir al di CommuniLy ther full time Perhaps large II y caill will tot t) m Cn's gToups, W cally, mentally dicapped and I tilst that Wha: cial staltus I liially * נוסto Co) Ir1C - y

and oppressed in ent; our civihı Tichicr dı that
y people of the
ha Lima (Gandhi, arathi, Florcnce Vi Ibha Bhalwc,
cr and Mother In gain job-satisicvialting from lu - al cor professical f w latok a Tould папу ппеп апd ry Social level tribll Le to thic thers and gain lction in doing ind 5uch people :hocol : Ind Outwalks of life. teachers, clerks, S I LITSES : Litt. Il"pers, salcs-pereTS, co Fa cLIc t ( ) TS, "ants, municipal un tary workers el till CT gali niz ElOurs, hot ill of we regular eltive clergy, high elp others ånd ioing one's duty Il 31 Te | b) c SeC tT5 l Ind ät the Cixte Int thät excessive ellIng high acadens, entering the and enjoying ce in assessing is members, it the frll5tr:ltic). Il who IIlay have Who) fili|| tc. Tc::- et by that comopulation also he best use of urces. Perhaps back nuch of society to thic which we have
g you the Te are c Lo be social Workers, wheor part title. umbers a T10 Ing Work with wo ith the physior socially hanwith the poor. it cWCT y Llr 5arsט יַ סbc in th will engage in
combating class and caste pre, judices, ignorance, corruptionpowerty, Wiolence all other social evils, and champion human rights. Let us hope that the statu Tc of this school will grow not only through produc
ing the social elite but also through inspiring, motivating and equippi rig girls and old
girls to transform our society. Any school can produce pupils and old pupils who aspire to
join the elite professions and I love up the social ladder. Not alle schools inspire students with higher motivation. I tTLIS LI LE L Chillud iki 11 i will provide such inspiration all that it is those so motivated who will lead the way forward
to our future. I thank you for giving me the privilege of addressing you and for your patient heari Ing.
Perestroika . . .
(ரோய் நீர்ப் ர:1)
events have prowed too wolatile to be TestT:lilled to bowe: framework, Regrettably, WWሮ know What it means to cope With the headly after Inath of this. And in such circul III sta Inces, I ask those who keep speaking about the phantom of civil war and make people used to think
ing about it, those who arc whipping 11 p confrontatico II i 1 society and between ethnic
groups, those who sow the seeds of i toler: lice El Id hai tred a Id who have turned the 'enemy image' into il steadilly traded commodity whether they realise Wille Te | this Will take the IL. Or is theirs deliberate attempt to cause chaos and disintegration? It is necessa Ty to act in keeping With common sense: power must advance reform in all Walks of life, paving the Way for Society's cohesion and acting firmly to uphold the law. Deliberations appealing to populist seti II ent and abuse of de 11 Ocracy and Glasnost ca. Il Conly stir up troll ble and incite destructive action.
Wille Tc thic II will it take LIS? One ought to know ou T history well to engage in politics in such 31 CQ111tTY AS O LITS,
NEXT: Lenin's socialism

Page 27
THE PREM
IN SOUT
A massive Port Expansion Colombo into a modern Con Transhipment Centre Qualifying with the following additional and Commercial Port Users:
e Bulk Handling facilities for
e Rebagging and Reprocess
o A Streamliled Bonding Se
Any specias requirernents CO til
En qu
SRI LANKA PO
19, Church Stre
Colombo,
Telephone: 25.559
 

ER PORT
TH ASIA
Project has transformed tainer Handling Port and for "Base Port" status facilities to the Industrial
Grain, Fertilizer and Cement,
ing facilities.
I WCE.
(d he arranged for on request
Iiries;
ஐ
RTS AUTHORITY
et, P. O. Box 595,
Sri Lanka.
Të|ex: 21805 PORTS CE

Page 28
Sri Lanka in the ancient days
for trade and commerce. Its
ensured this.
In the ancient days Sri Lanka
Tambapanni, Taprobane, Palisim
Seren dip, Ceylan, Ceylon etc.
Today our country is at cross record the present political an of the country. Bank of Cey
banking history and today with Praja Naya Niyamaka Scheme
is breaking new ground.
We are part of Sri Lanka's ec
we create history.
BANK OF
ABankers fo
 

Was a Centre
strategic location
was called Raakshashadvipa,
undu, Tenarsim, Senkiyalo,
ජීඝ්‍ර
roads. Our journals
d economic history on 50 years ago created
its new schemes like
and Janasaviya Credit Scheme
onomic history and
CEYLON
the Wation.