Page 1
LANKA
GUAR
VO. 18 NO. 8 September 1, 1995 Price RS
N THE COURT OF
VAHAS
V
G. L.
DEVOLUTION: a tra
PEACE HOAX s. satha
SINHALA YOUTH THE
LANGUAGE AND CO
T. B. SUBASINGHA: Th
OW PATRARCHY WORKS
A. Jeyarat Kamali
Brand
 

:DIAN
1 O.OO Registered at GPO, Sri Lanka QD/33/NEWS/94
SINHALA OPINION
SANGHA
S
DERS
de union view
— H. A. Semeaviratne
nanthan
COMING STORM
- Egerton Perera
NFLICT — Rohan Jayavardene
elast interview Sarath Perera
- Eva Ranauueera
En camı Wilson
kca Pieris aganani

Page 2
WITH THE BEST
ELEPHANT HOUS
OUALITY AT AFFC
NO 1 JUSTICE
CCLC)

COMPLIENTS
E SUPERMARKET
ORDABLE PRCES
A. Il-KEBAR MWAWWA THA
NMEBO 2.

Page 3
BRIEFLY. . .
"No Bosnia here - President Chandrika
Addressing a seminar for teachers, President Chandrika Bandarana yake Kumārāturīgā Saīd: "Let us eschew Communalism and embrace peace. Let us not allow a Bosnia type situation to develop in this country. Let us not allow this country to become a hell on earth".
The President said that the people now had "a historic Copportunity" to resolve the ethnic conflict by Supporting the government's peace efforts. The people had to face seality and realise that there Was no Tilitary solution to the ethnic Confict, she said.
"If we destroy Prabhakaran without settling the issue politically ler Will be hurdreds TCE PraBhakarans back on the scene", the PrgSf.dgr1t Sai(d.
Devolution plan will win approval -- TILULF PESEf
SLLL S S LaaLLLLL LLLLLaLLLLLLLaa Laaa (TULF) President M. SwasithampaLLLHaKLSLLLa LaLLSDLLtL S SLLKLLLaLLLL Asia" program that President Chandrika Bandaranayake Kumaraturiga's devolution package was "fairly certain" to win the overwhelming approval of the majority. Sinhalapopulationatanationwide referendum
PACIFICREVIEW
LLLLLL LLLLLLa LH LLLLLL LLLL LLLLa politics of regio El definition by the Sri Lankan scholar, Kanishka JayasւIriya (15/EէlՃ) was nriginally բաliltKLLSL LL LLLLL LSLLLLLLLS L LLLLL LS LS
7 (d) Routledge, edited by Prof. R. Higotte, Dept. of Government, Univ. of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.
and that it woul through parliamer majority.
TEUNP WOL we but to go als Government, the
He Wired FOW tion of the packag Would disappoint
Tamiladu Ore anti-T
Tal Thillad LJ Chi Jayalalitha has a Mirister NSITI
Blable ElE Stati deal Tigrē effec Ti|itarts ärid thi
Prie MiiStig Extermal Affair SM kherjee to liaise Jayalalitha on hi.
MOTE BOOlt:S
Šī Lākā ā FloW abroad 5. boost SLN stren destroyed sewer Among the purc EdCats and FAI Crafts).
Mothers sup
MgTigIS Of organisations af Women's and M
derfor strateds t's Circus Lr Tothers to Sup Ilgts divu ir the way for peac
Their placards We Will protecto tiCT is dėl Čiľať solution; deWoluti country; a politic: the country.

d definitely pass it With a two-thirds
| häVE 10 alterratibrig with the PA TULF leader said.
fewer that any diluJeunder pressure the Tamil people.
| CM Wants iger powers
ef Minister Ms J. Skedad dla Prile ha Rao for an amForeigners Act to 3 GOWEfflet to tiwely With LTTE SLIEWersive acts,
REO 15 detailed iniSter Pfalabo MuWiFi Chief Milli Stef
S.
for the Navy
wal top brass are pping for craft to gth after the LTTE al-Wessels recently, hases W|| begunCs (Fast Attack
port package
twenty Women's iliated to the Joint
OLETS" FEftir Colombo near Lipging Women and port the Govern1 proposals to hawe
E.
and slogans said: ur Childrer; dEWOLUy; War Won't be a Dr. Wort divide til E al Solution W||| Unite
City fire - sabotage?
Police did not rule out sabotage in the major fire that broke out in the LLLLLCLL aLHCLCLLLLLaLaLLLLLLLaaeS TIEDO FOL. TIEFE ad E09E a iWEstigation on at the BOI into the issue of duty free vehicle import permits to non-existent export projects.
Editor's assailants identified
Four suspects have been identfied as the alleged assailants in the assa Lulit On 1 SL7 day LEåder Éditor LaSantha Wickrema tunga in Colombo a few months ago. Those identified are M. Wijesiri Fernando, L. Joseph Fernando, A. Manjula and Sumana Janaka Attapattu, all of Colombo, according to Media Minister Dharmasiri Sana nayakė ir parliarl Erit. He Was arīSWering A question by a UNP MP.
GUARDIAN
Wol. 18 No. 8 September 1, 1995
Price RS. O.OO
Published fortnightly by Lanka Guardian Publishing Co. Ltd. No. 246. Uno PCE CIO-2.
Editor Mervyn de Silva Telephonë: 447584
Printed by Arlanda Press 825, Sir Ratnajothi Sarawara T1.Littu Mawatha, Colombo 13. Telephone 435975
CONTENTS
NBW5 Background
Regional
חOpinio
'Y'Luth
T.B. SL basingha's Interview
The Peace Hoax (2)
Ehrlic Conflict
Fact and Fiction (2)
Patriarchy in a Language 13
Ek 5 17

Page 4
NEWS BACKGROUND
THE MAHA SANGHA: N
Mervyn de Silva
| || P.A. administration Was (The year old last month, and already the strains of office are becoming increasingly evident. This is also true of President Chandrika Kumaratunga. That should be no cause for surprise since "Cardika's EP.A.
Last month, the P.A. found itself in trouble, perhaps serious trouble. Not only because of the War, and Our 'little' insurgency has casualty figures that could match almost any other conflict of its kind in the World. Notjust the War but its political Consequences. And now the P.A. has a new, formidable foe - the Maha Sangha, partly because of the President's top adviser, Constitutional Affairs Minister, Prof. G. L. Pieris, the brains behind the P.A.'s "peace plan". But it has been blessed by the Clinton administration and the U.S. Congress (bipartisan Congressional backing), hailed by the European Union, the Bretton Woods twins, the major donors, ard||dia.
Ard yet, it is clear that far from Tairtaining the record 62-63% vote that Cardidate Cladika obtained at the Presidential polls, the P.A. is fighting hard not to slip below the modest 50% the 8-party "grand coalition" reached at the parliamentary election in August.
Why? The mass mood (and therefore the political situation, the balance of forces) is shaped by two issues: the ethnic and the economic. I have placed the "ethnic' first because it is the more emotional and thus easier for any armateur"opinion-sampler" to guage. But the economic can be the more important. What is absolutely certain is that the economic and the ethnic together could
Take things excee regime. There is a important in rimos pfOWEd Crucial in 1 for charge after ar years in office of the We party, the U.N.F for change came the most of all, lower essentials, a check of living.
The deputy fina Pieris, once more) has been effectivel to the OUSEWife" Voter's ready reply.
NEW INTERWENT,
And TOW. We Haw the ethnic front... a Our great and frient rnor boy the U. N. bL of Malwatte and Asg ly introduced quite Sedelite as the Arch ry and the Archbish ling any punches, argue that the CO package With a "Ur Central iter, is no Sirhilla-BLJddhist II print for fragmentat gerous a55ault on & integrity, and unity.
The Mahanayake The Pieris package Serious threat to Sri They point to an i between this blue CGflstitutỉCf Crl Whit led In India, the CE Delhi candissolve a

EW INTERVENTION
jingly difficult for any third factor which is der TCracies and 994 - the clamour 1 Lumprecedented 17 island's Conservati'. Along with the cry a mass expectations, rices for Consumer on the Soaring cost
nce minister (Prof. insists that inflation y checked, "Tell that is the middleclass
ON
e a dra TatictU CI
intervention, not by ily neighbour, India, it the Mahanayakes giriya, who are looseoften by our anglicibishop of Canterbuop of York. Not pu|-
the Mahanayakes Institutional reforms hion of Regions", its t only a betrayal of terests but a blueion, In Short, a danSri Lanka's territorial
2S do not stop there. !, they say, is also a Lankansowereignty. Tiportant difference rint and the India hit is plainly modelintral government in State Assembly just
like President Jayawardene dissolwed the North-East Provincial Council, a merger of the North and the East after the Gandhi-Jayawardene "Peace ACCord'. Presidert J. R., diSSolwad the council and its Chief Minister Wartharaja Perumal fled to India. Taking India as an example, the Mahanayakes declare that there is an abridgement of sovereignty together With a serious threat to the island's territorial integrity.
Another oft-repeated criticism is that the proposed North-East Council Would Control about a third of the land and 60% of the coastline.
SLAMICFACTOR
EELAM strategists and ideologues hawe made a serious mistake in assu= ming that the Muslims would stand with them and not with the majority Sinhalese because both Communities Speak Tamil. The Muslims are entitled to their own Council, argues Mr. M. H. M., Ashraf.
Apart from what the Muslim CommunityperCelwes as a right to an automomous area in the eastern province, there is the equally strong argument of geo-politics. | hawe introduced it as "OLJIr Islamic environment" - Malaysia and Indonesia in the east, Bangladeshand Pakistan in the north (I shall not include the Muslims of India) and the Gulf West of Sri Lanka. This Writer has also drawn lesSOns from Bosnia, So It Was a Comfort to hear President Kurlaratunga say "We hawa || 2:SSOStJ |earl from Bosnia".
But Wait. The first party to demonstrate in the Streets against the Kumaratunga Plan Was the J.W.P., a fact it would be foolish to ignore.

Page 5
REGIONAL
Soldiers of Islan
SLAMAEAL
HLLLL LLL LLLL LLLLLLLK SSS aaaa LLLLLLLK
that Pakistani troops are the soldiers of Allah Almighty and his Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Hill) and are ready to serve in any troubled spot in the Muslim World.
Pakistani soldiers are ready to reach LLLLLLLLLL LLLaL LLLLLaLLLLaaLLLL LL LLL dificulties," sha said in Har addre SS at the inaugural session of the one-day National SEET CIfETECE.
The conference was organised by the Ministry for Religious Affairs to mark Eid Milad-i-Nabi, the birthday of Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him).
"These are the soldiers of Islan, of Allah and his Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him), she said of Pakistan Army. "It is because of Ishqa (lowe) Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him)," she said that Pakistan armymen are serving in Bosnia as Wall as in Somalia Linder thE United NaLiCS COTT mTald.
She said sage MuharTriad (PBUH) is a strong source of attraction and affinity Bar:19ng the Muslim Ummāh and that is Why that, "Wein Islamabad are distressed ower the plight of our brethern ini Bosnia," "Twenty-first century of Isaq-e- Muhammad (PBUH)" she asserted
She added twenty-first century is the Century of Asia where most of the Muslii Countries are located."
Butto hoped that musir Countries Would lake strenuous efforts to make Strides in the fields of Science, technology and economics so that," they could talk With courage With the developed COL tries."
She said Pakistan has always played significant role to force unity among the
Islamic World and SLITTiit COferEC 1974. "Pakista ha leaders from alls Where they offere Badshahi ITIOSqLIBE decisions"Shead.
She said preser making allout effort has recently organi tional Conference retarians from is
Sh3 5Eid thB rT Womenian OppOrtur and Share their expr:
"Islam holds WorT the respect it aCCO is un precedented,"
She said history have played impor ching of Islam. MoI stan has been im: nationals of other M. fields of diplomac VariOJS SlarTi: dISI
"Today is the E economy,"she said stan is polised to pro the MUSI Countri ence and technolog aid," she said, "as
Pirie Minists manity to bow bef "No human being c She added.
She said, "I am : Erice," that the pro are the rĒŠLuit Cof," o
Sile Said Musli: the the path of Isl; WääksigSS gfthers

"eferred to the Sla Tic e O'Sted i Lahlo Teil s the honour to gather aMic World is i Lahore di Collective prayer ir ind look very important ded.
it government is also sfor Muslim Unity and Sed first Ever Interraof Women Parliaa TCWC
loot provided Muslim ity to exchange views iërier CBS.
Brin high Este Emand ds to the Womenfolk she added.
is Witness that Women tant role in the prea"eower, she Said Pakiarting training to the MLST COltrigSith e y, economics and in tipllпes.
tra of diplomacy and | acid added that PakiTote Cooperation with ES in the fields of SCy. "We Want trade not Islam forbids begging.
id: Slari disalloWS huire anybody but Allah. ап give you anything"
saying with full confidblËf5 Cf the MuSliTIS uT WEak faith."
Shawe digressed from an culminating in the aith.
Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto said Islar lays great stress on the set up of a strong system and institutions but unfortunately, "We hawe a Weak system and infirminstitutions."
She said slalabhors dictatorship and has always ermphasised for Consultation among its followers. "The daily five prayers, the Weekly Friday prayers and annual Eid prayers arid Haji," she said Were the ample proof for the Contention that Islam Wants its followers to sit together afled COI5 ut their mitter S.
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Page 6
ΟΡΙΝΙΟΝ
GMWU and WSO on th
2 Propose to
look at the
devolution proposals officially released by the Government on August 03, 1995 from the standpoint of the exploited as opposed to that of the exploiters and their allies disguised as the guardians of the Sinhala race. Representing the nodern and young Workers employed mainly in and around the Export Processing Zone, Katunayake under the present open-market economic system the Genera||dustrial and Media WorkGrS'UTIOm (GIMWU) and the Workers' Solidarity Organisation (WSO) cannot have any Other perspective in this matter.
We believe that all legislation and more so the constitutions of Countries reflect the nature and character of the ruling classes of those countries as governed by the balance of forces between the ruling classes and the ruled in a particular historical Conjuncture. So are the present and the previous constitutions of Sri Lanka. So Will be its constitutions of the future too.
The current devolution proposals of the Government reflect a reordering of the structure of the state under the onslaught of the Ongoing ethnic War. Even ethnic war is a distorted outburst of conficting class ir terests. The ethnic Wat in Sri Lanka is like the balated OLUtbo Lur:Stirli isolatic Cof the
ethnic conflict
Within
India's greater
struggle for Swarajagainst British impe
riāliST becausė
there Was no such
struggle here. When We say We look at the devolution proposals from the perspective of the exploited We include the oppressed sections of the ethnic minor
EFES ELS WE2||
The most urgent task that any kind of devolution proposals in this Country should serve today is to end the ethnic War. We do not think the present proposals by therT1Selves Will Serve that purpose because the Government Whilst discussing its proposals with forces that do not really Tatter in the North-East is locked in War. With the LTTE which is the lost effective force in the area.
In Our May Day resolution relating to the ethnic War. We called upon the GovernThant to make public its proposals for a political Solution of the North-East war by a real devolution of power and to initiate
an immediate Ceasë that basis before the ESוחסption becם tary also GLIr View that i the North-East is sui proposals that don Will become mere in not hypocrisy. Thes: Tot be. Tlade to S platform for the Gow taining a warfront t ExteTi SS
Therefore all step: bring the LTTE to the the basis of these p| missing in the earlier rTrent as Well ast til LTTE.
If this is not do Self-de-StrLUCILIWE tilli alternative for this || devolution proposal governrTient Will befi Sals in Come Fland an Ethir C-ChaLI WIStiC right as well as the fuel to ignite the confl: they could benefit by ly both parties are SL at the guilitine of his end up in ruins. The that in this Sense the
The devolution E Selves are by no IT Lurlequivocal On Than Without jeopardising unity it has offered t for lasting peace WE imitial questions forre rage an essentiallym before a final solutio
1. Why is it that the Sals are molt rät: the decratisat lflé ExEGLItwE jS r
tent
2. Why is it that
power of the R Clearly Wested in sters headed by and Collectively r la | COLUlriciis til Centre is Wested

e Devolution Proposals
Wittle LTTE C Self-de3 StruCtiWE3 Tlilithe only option. It is e ground situation in Ch that all de Wolution CL in WOIVE Lle LT TE allectual exercises if e proposals should TWEE AS di ElECtilor
TITEITL Wilst Tilsatisfy the ethno
Shawe to be take to 2 negotiating table on roposals which were talks both this goveEa5t Orla di With
e Without delay the c War will be the only Country despite the S. Then, Whilst the ghting with its propogun in the other the pportunists on the left Will be supplying aguration hoping that it. Although ultimatereto end up together story the country Will LTTE should realise irfate too Is Seale.
roposals by them1BaslS Cléär-CLIt ärd ymatters. However, the historic opport1e Country to Search a pose the following W in order: tÓ ÉCOLUeamingful discussion
is eWolwedd.
Se devolution propole part and parcel of ion process Wherein esponsible to parlia
Whereas executive egional Councils is the BO3rd S. Of Mirl|- the Chief Ministers esponsible to RegioEl ExEaCutiwe of the in the hands of an
all powerful President who is not responsible to Parliamërit?
3. Why is it that eight Regional Councils hawe bëëri proposed Whereas What is sought to be resolved is the ethnic conflict in the North-East?
4. Why is it that it is proposed to bring Colombo and Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte directly under the Centre to be administered "in Such Tanner as the Centre may think fit?"
5. Why is it porposed to have a system of specified Schools and Universities declared "National" which Will lead to the perpetuation of the system of Schools for children of privileged families instead of abolishing such a System?
6. Why is it that the Minister in charge of Constitutional Affairs has publicly declared that a "Supreme Council of the Sangha" Will be set up in Connection With legistative matters although the proposals do not mērītion it amici although secularism is a primary Concept of modern governance?
Undercover of the devolution proposals the government should neither postpone nor suppress other issues. If that happens those other issues will aggravate and these proposals will be suppressed by the explosion of those other issues. Therë fora the devolution proposals should be disCussed Whilst fulfilling and not ignoring the government's obligations regarding other SSLes.
The devolution proposals should be discussed freely, openly and in depth. It is the duty of both government controlled as Well as privately owned electronic and print media systems to open their chartnels and Columns for SLCh, a di SCLISSiam.
It is With this hope that we present our preliminary statement to the President and release it to all media authorities.
H, A, Senewi at
Gerberal Secretary
WORKERS SOLIDARITY ORGANISATION
GENERAL INDUSTRIAL AND MEDIA
WORKERS UNION

Page 7
YOUTH
Awaiting Another S
Egerton Perera, S. J.
f Ciclober 1989 PresidElt Preffläcasa
Commissioned Erl illustrious group of perScors, hēlādēd by Prof. Lakshmar Jaya tillekĘ, "... to inquire into .... un rest and .... discontent among ... youth.... and report on the CaLSES for such..... LITES id disci Left LL LLLL SLLLaLHHLLaLLLLLLLaa0LLSS
In January 1990, theirinquiriescompleted, they submitted the "Report of the Presidential Commission on Youth'. Whatever one may LLLLLLLHHLHLLLLLLLaa LLLLLLaL LLLLLLL that prevented their implementation, in Ty opinion, its analysis of the causes of youth Lurrest, in the North and espacially in the SQLith, Was COTTECT and ir Cisiwe ard IS Öf LLHHLGLLLLL LLLLLL L a LLLLCLLLLaLa LLaH dition and the situation of the youth of our country today.
According to this Report the causes of youth unrest could be summarized in that popular phrase, 'Colarnblata kiri — appala kakir". What this phrase meant to the youth who coined it was that the rural youth of our Country were discriminated against.
A rural youth Could be intalligant and Tay hawa obtaimada Dagree with distinctiorn;aird yet, if the youth was not fluent in English, could not Wield the kaduwa, or did not have sufficient 'pull" or influence with the rich and the powerful, there would be no chance to
prove herself or himself. The youth would not
be givem "a place in the Sin'in Sri Lanka and would end up frustrated and resentful and fall pray, easily, to the incitors of vio|ETICE.
Let meillustrata this with a fa Wexa Tiples:
Many people hawa told me that the peCris in their offices or Tact OriëS Speak beter Englishılları olur graduates and So that they Would mawar employ agraduate iritheir firsTS. On the other land, there is a friend of mine, a CEO of a large Company, who employed some graduates with the promise of promoting them to the executive grade if they proved themselves within a probationary period of two years. But, he soon found that half of these graduates were acquitting thenSelvas So Creditably that HE pror Toted them within six months, it did not matter to my friend that these graduates were lot fluent in English. He understood that they were the wictims of circumstances having donë their primary and secondary education, Over a period of twelve years, in Sinhala or Tamil, What he sought-intelligence, initiative and industry - he discovered in them, because hạ gawẽ thErm a Chance Of prDwing them5elvé5.
It is this type of discriminated agains
And 50, the CCT Preface of its Repo Urgent effort to alle arris. El denia o opportunities for RUF nine), the cycle of recur with Even grea Ewen mor real LHP dermocracy and tha :
Aj Il EdE El ili i FfsOfE ti for to Engage in a Start: arrogant self-righteo in the hope of buildir next generation of 0
That Wasiana gone by But, alas, Lunhaedad. No signi
Pi: tion against Our rural youth, from the NO South, languish irth ployed even after g BSS tO lieräte TIET
Läti – 5EEe til EldrSetThet
As have been W the University of P. years now as the possible that peopl concretely could be di SCTiTiiij || || the youth of our Cou
In reply, I wish to story, of an Enrichir a graduate racerit University of Perade this young man in Thamagefflerl trảirlẽ nistration. He was p trict. His duties req. visit many villages i area scenically be: quite unspoilt. He hE for more than six And he told The Wi "Father, our people pOαr OΠly in ErITIS beautiful and fertile; and rich, rich in Lur de 5 || Will FC Bay) literally forced to". my heart SWelled bECAL|5E it Wä5 hEE ās young as this ha ption otreality-lisä T1015EE 5"T1ỡng TTlar educated, rich and

Storm?
youth who mostly feel it.
Tissil Warred in the rt: "UrılaCSS ther C iS l ar 1 viate suffering and to
gi: TETitieSi RAL YOUTH (Erriphasis iolence is very likely to ler frenzy and cause an "al o Li SLIVival Of spirit of freedom".
траssioned appeal, "It
Tha Nation as a Whola Til for CONSEFISILIS, Wilh0Lut LISIE55 ora CrimTony, but ng a batter futuro for the LIs youth".
ry 1990, Five years hawe
that appeal has gone fiCarl Steps Hawe been radicate this di SCrirTifläyouth. Many of our rural th as well as from the E CITrilor of til ELTEraduation and -helpsalvas from this Injust With di SCOllert, frustra
orking With the youth of Bradeniya for over four Catholic Chaplain, it is a Would ask The What | dat 3 si Cat thİS build a better future for
Пtry.
relate the story, the true ng encounter I had With y passed out fror Til the aniya. An Arts graduate, und employment as a Billtirlie Pr OWicial ACTosted to tha Matala Disired that he periodically the Ratlla area — ar autiful and ecologically Ld10L WOrked in This area וחוח ELווח | חEךs Wiחוחםך th much joy and pride: 2, our rural people, are of money. Their land is and the people, simple Tian qualiti85 and attitue this area unless lar
confess: my eyes and up with joy and pride Lrtening to 5B2B a person wing such a clear perceperception one just does ly of his elders, however powerful they many be,
One Concrete and practical Way, therefore, in which all of L5 could respond to the SLTmors of the Youth Commission and Wipeout discrimination against rural youth is to put aside whatever prejudices werTay have and with eyes wide open discover the beauty and the richness, the intelligence and the capabi|ty, of OLr people, especjally (uryouth.
This is just one way. Perhaps another is to'expose ourselves and Ourchildrento our rural people in different areas and to the circumstances in which they work and live, HOtLGHH LLLLLL LLLLLLLHHHL LLLL LLLL LaCCLCLCLL LLLLLLLLS | hawa found the SE “Exposures' to be effective "eye-openers', Wiping out prejudices and deepening understanding, in a lasting way.
If We reflect upon this situation together and seek some concrete and practical Ways in which we could do away with such discrimination, I am confident we would discover many others. And oШг youth would be so grateful to us for that, And what is mora, this land of Lurs, Sri Lanka, Will be a Safar and a happier place for all of LS, and the generations to follow, to live in with dignity,
During the past few years, I hawa pradicted that there would be an Insurgency 1995, urless this discriminātināgā ir strurāly Lith is eliminated. However, inny Annual Report this year, I said that I do not think this prediction of mine will came true in 1995, because our rural youth, with hope springing eternal in their breast, Wish to give President Chandrika, whose sincerity and freshness as a polliclam thay affirTỉra, WEta ||Illẽ mõfE timẽ.
But, for how long? Already, there are evidences of impatience and restlessness; already the stormclouds of insurgency seem to be gathering in the Southern sky. Unless influential groups - the Temple, the Church, those employed in the private and public sector, NGOs, various Social Movements, āmid the lation as a Whola — make a thorough study of this problem, of what is meant bpy: 'CloserTadd kiri = pali kakiri" LIITIESS they pool their resources and discover effective means oferadicatingsuch discriminațion from our midst and providing a better and Thore Just Future for Our Wouth and LInleSS this is done without any further delay, We Will S001 ble Caught up ini yet another violernt änd di:Structive ir75Lurrection in the SOLuth.
And yet, I think that it is still possible to stall this insurgency that seems to COThe rushing at Ls. The way to do it is for everyone to heed the appeal of the Presidential Commission on Youth, With the urgency it
dadi.

Page 8
T. B. SUBASINGHA
The Testament of a States
The inter"Dieu given from the hospital bed, a fi The interview by Mr. Sarah Perera appeared in funeral.)
Q: Mr. Subasinghe, as a person who has had a long and wide experience in the political sphere, what are your comments regarding the political package presented by the President Chandrika Bandaranayake Kumaratunga?
A: The President has gone the maximum length she could have along the road to the Devolution of Power. She has been honest and straight forward in her endeavour, Whoever wishes a better future for this country should support these proposals. If there are any deficiencies, these should be di SCLUS Sed and SolutionS found for the T. I do not think could be very many deficiencies.
Q: But already criticism has been aimed at the package?
A: A person, be it a Sinhalese, a Tamil or a Muslim, who has genuine love for this country cannot disregard these proposals. There is no other alternative.
The only shortcoming is that during the last elections, the Government could have explained to the people, at least briefly, what they were planning to do and place it before them. The failure to do this is a drawback. Had they done so, there Would hawe been no opportunity for those Who Were lying low at that time to raise their heads now. But We must not forget that the PA placed the basic concept of devolution of power before the people or that Chandrika, who spearheaded these proposals, obtained a majority of 62% in the presidential elections. Therefore, this was an endorsement of it.
Some people try to complicate matters by trying to interlink these political proposals to devolve power with the abolishing of executive powers of the President. Some sections of the PA itself are trying to do this. Without a new fundamental constituent instrument, you cannot achieve any of this.
Q: Some people believe that due to these proposals, the
country will get divided.
A: These proposals will only unify an already divided country. I have been in politics for over sixty years. I was in parliament since 1947, Devolution of Power is an idea of the present era. In this era, no country, whether big

ՈՅՈ
w days before Mr. T. B. Subasinghai passed auty. he Silurina on 13th August 1995, a day after his
or small, can carry-out administration of peripheral areas and meet their needs and aspirations from its capital.
This misconception was there from the beginning. In 1948, independence was obtained after negotiations with the British rulers without resorting to a struggle for freedom. Due to the effects of the freedor instruggles of neighbouring countries, We were given independence Without sacrifice. The elite ruling class of the day were far removed from the masses. They were even oposed to the granting of the franchise. They had their own agenda and priorities. It Was Cortion to both the Sinhales and the Tails. In the end, these two groups too went in different direCtioriS.
See how these peopole created national questions. The best example of this is the plantation labour of Indian origin. As the governing class could not achieve what they Wanted, they deprived the voting rights of these Tamil plantation Workers. Although these same people who deprived the voting rights had to subsequently restore it, this problem has mot been Completely resolwed.
This is a multi-national sciety. The elite governing class did not accept at the beginning the idea that the other sections apart from the Sinhala majority should also be involved in governance. Bul Mr. Bandaranayake accepted for the first time, in 1956, that this is a multi-national Country.
Do not some people say that the root cause of all these problems is Mr. S.W. R.D. Bandaranayake making Sinhala the official language in 1956?
It is a long story. I will te| you one thing. It Was Mr. Bandara mayake Who said for the first time that it would be a federal systern that would be most suited for this country. His idea was that both Sinhala and Tamil should be made official languages. This can be proved from the speeches he made in the State Council.
During the 1956 election campaign, the then Prime Minister, Sir John Kota la Wela made a speech at the Delft islands and said that if he came into power, he would make both Sinhala and Tamil the official languages.

Page 9
During this period, the MEP was formed. It was somewhat
an amorphous Front. It consisted of extreme leftists as
Well as the extreme right wing. Also, in this Front, there were politicians who were businessmen as well as Buddhist priests Who Were businessmen. These people brought forward a proposal to Mr. Bandaranayake that only Sinhala should be made the official language. In the end, Mr. Bandaranayake had to bow down to these extrertists.
Was it after this the Bandarana yako - Chelwa mayagam (BC) Pact was brought-Out?
During this time, Mr. Bandaranayake was the Prime Minister and I was his parliamentary Secretary. He was in-charge of Foreign Affairs and defence.
Mr. Bandaranayake and I Were very close to each other. was the deputy in his ministries. For most conferences abroad he sent me as the representative. He sent rile to establish diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and China, I Was the representative at the discussions hield in England regarding the nationalization of the Suez Canal by Egypt. I can still restlember of the Words he spoke regarding this Conference.
"Sube, in this place there are people With oLutimo dead Ideas. They do not know our thinking on these matters. Sube, You knoW my ideas. You go forthis discussion"
Can you explain the situation which arose about the B-C Pact
Yes, after the disturbances, as a step to ensure rights of all citizens, Mr. Bandaranayake signed the B-C Pact.
After this, a surprising situation arose. People like Ms. C.P. de Silva, Maithripala Semanayake, Phllip GooneWardene and Mrs. Vimala Wijewardene who were in the Cabinet opposed this Pact.
I can still remember, I Was the only person out of those who held office at the time who supported Mr. Bandaranayake Without reservation,
| Wi||tell you a Story to show how close || Was to Mr. Bandaranayake. During this period, discussion were initiated to take-over the Katunayake Airportand the Trincomalee Harbour which were the under the British. Sir John Kotalawala expecting to return as prime minister had invited Lord Mountbatten to come to Ceylon to participate LL LLLLLLLaaaLLLLSSSLLLLaL LLaaLLLL aa LLLaHaLSSLLLLaLELSSLLLLLLS ranayake who came to power confirmed the invitation to Lord Moutbatten. Only was asked to participate in the discussions held between Mr. Bandaranayake and Lord Mountbatten. Even the Permanent Secretary to Mr. Banda rama yake's Ministry, Mr. GLumia serila Zoysa, was not invited for this.

A.
LLLLLL LLLLLHH LLLLLLCLLL LaLLLL LL aaL LLLLL LLLLLLL LLLLLLLLS By this time, Lord Mountbatten had gained experience as High Commissioner to countries like Burma and India.
Mr. Bandaranayake told Lord Mountbattan, "Sir, you know about people in Our Countries. They do not like to keep foreign forces, Therefore, please withdraw the British Navy from Trincomalee and the Royal Air Force from Katunayake. Lord Mountbatten assessed the situation and said "Mr. Prime Minister, know their way of thinking. will recommend your request to the British Government."
It was after these discussions that the foreign forces were removed from Ceylon.
But after this Mr. Bandaranayake, who was the author of the B-C Pact had to abrogate the Pact.
After the riots, Mr. Bandaranayake was compelled to take such a step. Many people from his Cabinet itself forced him to do so. Most of them are not living today.
| Was distressed about all this. One day, prepared my Letter of Resignation and met him at his residence at Rosmead Place. We discussed things for over two hours and he told me of the problets he had to face in his Cabinet, Mr Bandaranayake once offered to make me HaLLLLLLLaLLLLLLLLLLaLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLHHLLLL The Speaker, recommended and he accepted the people whom I thought most suitable for these posts. When handedover my Letter of Resignation to Mr. Bandaranayake, he said, "Sube, if you resign now it would appear as if you hawe stabbedme in the back. You are my deputy. At the end of the month there is going to be a Conference of the United Nations. You attend this. You also stay for the Annual General Assembley Sessions which is to be held in September and corne back in January. On your return if you still feel that you want to resign, you can go ahead and do so". Went on this assignment and when returned, the situation had become worse. I resigned.
Whatever it is, certain sections consider the Federal Systern or introducing a similar system as the first step towards a separate state.
As mutual trustand confidence developamong provincial entities, the economic interaction and relationship among these entities Would be slengthened, Calcutta without Bornbay or New Delhi without Calcutta is not feasible in India. Sinilarly, in Sri Lanka, Jaffna cannot survive without Colombo. The first thing is to clearly understand these proposals. In the final analysis, if a|| this Isto be implemented and if the country Were to prosper, I must emphasise that the people who are to serve as Ministers and Members of regional bodies must be those with a training and Lunderstanding of the issues involved and abowe all| hawe a clear political commitment.

Page 10
PART 2
The Peace HoaX
S. Satananthan
LTTE, the PA and the "peace process"
The arguments above were published about two months before the 1994 parliamentary elections. As predicted no political proposal for the resolution of the Tamil Question, or the peace package, was ever presented to the Country in either the parliamentary or the presidential elecTidss.
However, Mrs Kumaratunga continued to speak ambiguously about "peace" in the abstract during the campaign for the presidential election. The stated preference for peace was the SLFP's positive response to the Wish among the Wast majority of people in all communities for a negotiated solution to the civil War in the NEP. This "peace climate" was a product primarily of the successful armed resistance of the LTTE and Sacrifices of Tamil people, which together neutralised the Government's military option.These argumets were fleshed out by the Action Group of Tamils in Colombo (AGOTIC) in the article "Who Are the Peace Makers?" (Sunday Observer, 30/495).
Most Colombo-based Tamil parties had urged first the UNP and then the PA Governments to put forward a peace package. They argued that political negotiations for, and movement towards, the resolution of the Tamil Question will margiraise the LTTE in the NEP. For instance Mr. D Sithardthan of the Peoples Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE) a dwi'Sted the UNP Gower III ment to Work towards a political Solution; because "then only the LTTE can be alienated from the Tlasses and then only LTTE can be defeated or Weakened" (The Island, 10.4/94). A few Tamil parties formally declared that any negotiated solution should include the LTTE. But in fact Tarnil parties, except All Ceylon Tamil Congress (ACTC), saw the destruction of LTTE as the immediate objective of the "peace process".
The CoCrte fir: "peace process" W: in September 1994 the presidential elec personally Wrote to "calling for peaceta fer CB Mimi Ster Color tte replied that "the pared to enter into a to wolwe a Soluti: conflict" (The Island LTTE Ermou Ced til accept a 'substanti age' as an alternati a separate State" ( A series of recipro EētWeer the LTTE Fighting however ground, including tr Achchu Well and the Wessel "Saga rawart the Coast of Ma TULF'S DIT TITUChely, "astrong political pr action, hoping for 5ion".
The Widespread LTTE forces in the LTTE, beinga gueri|| naturally be reluctan tical processes. Sow peace talks and too step of dropping the te State, it was mist the LTTE was being tions. With Govern ming desire for pea people, as explaine Minister Dharmasir LTTE also surely peace" and "does as opposing that kin Island, 309/94).
The Government' the "peace proces LTTE into the "peac Was not TO let the L

t step to initiate the is taken by the LTTE
FWO TOn this before tion. Mr Prabhakaran the PA Government Iks". The Deputy Deel Amur Luddhā Rātwagovernment.... is prerocess of negotiation to the North-East l, 8/994). In turn the hat it is "prepared to al devolution packvē to its derī ārld for The Island, 229/94). Cal actions folloWEad irid PA GowerTirThert.
COrh tinLued )T1 the e Army operation in sinking of the naval lena" by the LTTE off |Illar. Na WerthglESS ram emphasised that OCESS TLISt be Setin a successful Conclu
belief among antiSouth Was that the a organization, Would tito participaten poliVer the LTTE imiwited k the unprecedented demarid fora Separaakenly assumed that pushed into negotiaent by the owerwhelce among the Tamil d by the Information
Senanayake. "The eels the Crawing for hot Want to be seen of movement" (The
istrategy Wasto keep '' alive, to lure the : trap". One objective TE escape from the
"peace trap" by resorting to violence, as it supposedly had done in June 1990.
The first round of talks Wased on 3 October. The LTTE nominated ranking members Messrs Karikalan, Ilamparithi, Ray and Dominic. Prime Minister Kurlaratunga's delegation consisted of Messrs K P Balapatabendi (Private Secretary to President), Lionel Fernando (for Tier Gowernment Agent, Jaffna), and Rajan AsirWathar and Nawin Guna ratne from the private sector. The Prime Minister's team contained neither ranking members of the SLFP or members of the Cabinet. The delegation Was seen as Mrs Kumaraturga's personal team with no official standing in Government. The suspicion arose whether the talks were Window dressing with a view to attracting Tai Ti voters at the coming presidential elections. And doubts about the Government's stated Commitment to peace were reinforced When "authoritative sources" explained that "it was..... decided to keep any Tinisterial-lewel discussični ti|| after the presidential elections" (The Island, 18/1094), Mrs Kumaratunga's sincerity Was in question especially because she avoided presenting a peace package. In contrast the UNP presidential candidate Mr GaminiDissanayake (who was assassinated before the election) did formulate a Scheme for Devolution of power in his "Gamin's Vision of the 21st Century" (Island, 21194).
However, most Tamil parties, With the exception of the ACTC supported Mrs Kumaratunga for the presidency. The EPRLF called on "all peace loving people and democratic forces to rally behind the initiatives taken by the Prime Minister and to ensure that she wins the forthcoming presidential election" (Ceylon Daily News, 2/11/94). TULF's Mr R Sarmbandan appeared on national television on the evening of 7 November to exhort Tamils to wote for Mrs Kumaratunga, to "streng

Page 11
Ellen herhand". Tamils Were aSSurëd that the Government Will put forward a peace package after the presidential election.
Mrs Kumaratunga's position, of Unconditional peace, began to shift three days before voting took place. At a campaign mEeting in NittambuWa on 7. November, she declared that "concessions, if any, Will be granted to the LTTE only if itsubscribed to peace" (Ceylon Daily News, 81194). And she specified the PA Government's official policy on the approach to the "peace process" at the inauguration of the presidency on 12 November: "We will ensure that our approach to peace willfully address, the recessity to Safeguard and strengthen the rights of the Sinhala people While recognising dignity, self respect and equality in treatment for all communities" .(13/11/94 ,asוחוlay TםחSu)
President Kumaratunga's November KLLLLLLLLGHLLLaaLLLLLLLaaLTS rrrrléril's wiew the rights Of Sinhalese are in some danger. Byimplication the finger of accusation was pointed at the Tamils in general and the LTTE in particular. Secondly the refusal to refer to the rights of other communities can only mean that the PA Government prefers to ignore the rights of Tamils and Muslims as a matter of official policy. In the face of thischauvinistic policy, the "left-wing" partners of SLFP within the PA and many "progressiWE"Supporters Outside GOWërnment have been opportunistically silent, AGOTIC is perhaps the only organization which publicly questioned the Government's policy (Sunday Observer, 1/1/95).
ln the wiew of Critical Tamil analysts the "peace process" died with the November 12th Statërtërit.
The new President spoke of a robust "peace process" in Totion. The LTTE in turn offered a unilateral Cessation of hostilities on the next day (13th) effective for seven days (CeyӀоп Daily News, 15/11/94). However the Government claimed it was not officially notified of the Offer. The LTTE as Well as the GoveTiment Continued to posture against, and trade accusations between, each other. And people of all cort munities awaited the Government's peace package, because
the history of abort politicians, repeate Tails and the fail. the 1987 Indo-Lank onus of putting forW: 1 חס Whelminglyחveס
TE PA GWEIT peace package Will Parliamentary Selec Stitutilal RETOrIT1 Ir
ENOW TEer 24th mitted by Governm deat With the aboliti dency, strengthenir and judicial review Daily News, 26/11/9 SOSWEr Was made D Will WOL for TT Will LHELT TE || 11
WGTIMFT 1ëft BLITINOLITICE drafting its OW'n porC Soluti title3 || Cosgrwar, 18129 Second sould of tal| on January 3rd 199 hostilities was decla
After the Second Government began O COSTLCt|C | lation of a peace importance. In the C mbo pro-Governme fully to describe the as the "entrapster "peace prOCESS" si Government's ruse EtWEET te LTTE thereby Weaken the critically examined its article "Conflict F Insurgency" (Sund Sadly most "progres parties tacitly a CCE SurgeПcy approасї Cally a CCOTTI Odale mulation of the peɛ "peace process" the LTTE.
The tiru January 14th and In mid-February the nced that the peace Titted at the extre Leader, 12295). In

Wei Pa:Its With Taii d pogroms against Ire to fully implement a Accord placed the ard political proposals the GOWEITTEnt.
antannounced that its be submitted to the Coittee or Colate NOWember. But | Working paper Subelt to the COT. Tittee On Of executive presiig furi dar Therintal rights of legislation (Ceylon 4). Nomention whatf the peace package, Jasis for negotiations id-December the Goad that it had "begun posals for a political nic conflict" (Sunday 4). Meanwhile the StOOkplace in Jaffna 5; and a cessation of red on January 8th.
round of talks the
to lay greater stress * till NEP. THE FILpackage declined in Ocktail Circuit in COLOnt Tamils began gleeGowerient's tactic it of the Tiger". The food revealed as the to Create di WISICOS and Tamil people and LTTE. AGOTIC S this futile approach in Resolution or Counter ly Observer, 193/95). isives" and "left-Wing" apted the counter-in1. They opportunistid the delay in the for
Ce package Lur til the effectively Weakened
of talks Was held or ended inconclusively. 3 GoWarnimet är OL: package will be SubJund of talks (Sunday early March the LTTE
reiterated itS readines to abārd the demand for a separate State and accept an alternative solution based on "rlaliorality, motherland and self-rule". And the LTTE ET UT erated four jSsues (TFE Island, 6.395) which rust be covered by the Government's peace package:
"- The problem of the Tamils should be
accepted as a rational issue.
- The Tamil people should be accepted
as a national entity.
SLLLLLLLL LLaaLLLHHGLKLLLLL LaLLLLS SLLLLLS
should be accepted.
-The rights and sovereignty of the Tamils
should be accepted".
This was followed by the LTTE demand LaL LLHL S LatLLLLHLLLS KLtaLLS LLLLLLLLS S ministerial-level team for talks (Surday Leader, 26/395).
The Government did not present a peace package at the fourth round of talks held on April 10th, Nor Was the delegation upgraded to an official political level; it remained non-official, consisting merely of private individuals and military officers (The Island, 10/495). Thereafter it was a LLLLLL aa LaHL aHaLaLLK LLaL LLLLLLLL0LLaH a hoStiliti ES WOLulidërlid.
TULF and the peace trap
In retrospect it is evident that anti-LTTE forces in the South based their calculations on the assumption that a cessation of hostilities and peace talks will go against the LTTE. This is generally correct but only where a guerilla organization is fighting in the bush. This was the case with the LTTE at the time of the Indo-Laka ACGOrd.
In Contrast, where a guerilla organization controlled liberated territory it can effectively engage a Cassation of hostilties and Constructively participatein political negotiations. Today the LTTE controls and administers territory and therefore has the political strength to initiate and participate in peace talks. Consequently AGOTIC repeatedly urged the Government to announce its peace package and negotiate With the LTTE precisely becauSe the LTTE is strong enough to make реасе,

Page 12
But, in their unholy rush to "trap the Tiger", anti-LT TE forces forgot that the LTTE is NOT in the bush that it administers territory and is politically powerful to be able to negotiate a Solution to the Tamil Question, In their haste anti-LTE forces Tisread the LTTE's invitation to Gowerment for talks, concession to drop the demand for a separate State and its UnilaIgral Coffer of a Cēsisätilor of Ostilities ES signs of weakness. They naively believed that the LTTE was being pushed into the "peace process" against its Will, by the popular demand for peace.
The fact that the LTTE now is in a position of sufficient strength to negotiate registered in the minds of anti-LTTE forces in the South after LFE SECOTTOLIrld of talks. And it came as a great shock to Colombo-based Tamil parties and Gowdrnment that they were caught in a "peace trap" designed for the LTTE. The LTTE became an even greater enemy precisely because it could successfully sue for peace. By then it was obvious that the GovefTiment Would not put for Ward a peace package for negotiations with the LTTE, Not surprisingly there was an almost audible sigh of relief among anti-LITTE forces When the LTTE ended the Cassation of
lūti.
The Government is now taking measuLaS La YaLLLY LaLL LLLLLLLL0L aaHL L LLa C "peace trap" again Thus the decisión to bar the LTTE (The Island, 1795) seeks to deny the LTTE the opportunity to initiate conflict resolution processes or respond to the GowerTrent's initiatives for the duration of the ban. It will also legitimate the Gover Tient's resort to the military option to resolve the Tamil Question.
Among Tamil parties the TULF was quick to grasp the new reality; that if negotiations begin on the basis of a peace package the LTTE has the capacity to negotiate a solution to the conflict, that the TULF ald Other COLOTO-SE TITTI parties Will ther ble all but consigned to frolitical oblivion. Thus TULF's Mr. A Thiangathurai conceded that "if the LTTE" accepts a political package of a federal System and is willing lo implementl. them the TULF will give way to them" (Sunday Observer, 7.5/95), Elementary knowled
O
ge of politics and po ltg:TULF Wi di such an eventuality.
After 19 April the T party to reject the call DrTruchelvam argu. priate to publish the present unsettled C. the next breadth TULF HIS TIL EI solution and peace ( the Cooperation of th 7.5/95). And anothe W Anandasankariins ution package mLIS conjunction with the E tive presidency (1 Reading between the the TULF is against peace package. Inc. member castigated insisting on the pul package. He accuse 'attempting to brir down". Arguably the Lankam Army to des a peace package is
Wr,
I LLL [Cf:
WWEL
OFlaГпр.
Ol
Wild 5er
Sctiling |
To a Wi
No tou.
As I L.
No thou
LIS II) |L |

WETTEelation5 te||S. JIS gently work against
ULF is the firstTasTill fora peace package. 2d that it is not approeace package in the Otis. ATOS II e declared that thig We that a perTTE FET t can be found. Without e LTTE (Thirakaran, r TULF member MT OTTEd that that d'EWOit be a OLITICE II
bQlition oft|BBxecLWirakasari, 28/6/95). |Illas it is evident that the publication of a ]EEd a SEflior TULF
a peace group for alicatioп of a peасе ld the peace group of ng the Government
Thus Dr Paikiasothy Saravana muttu fou dit "Curio USEIT ad Criou55" that the TULF is opposed to the Government publishing a peace package and instead it preferred a return to the talks interrupted on 19 April. The effect of TULF's position, he lamented, "is support by default for the current status quo and that as We all know, even if the TULF cannot, is preparation for all out war" (Surday Leader, 256'95).
Euthere Dr Saravarlamuttu Unforlulately missed the point. The TULF DOES know. The TULF knows and is happy that it is virtually impossible to return to the
KaKS LY SS LL LL L aaLHHLHKLL SLaaaSL LLLLL LLLL a peace package is presented the LTTE has the capacity to negotiate peace. The TULF knows and Welcomes that in the absence of a DECE package Waris ir E WItable. The TULF hopes that a renewed war will destroy the LTTE once and for all precisely because the LTTE has the capacity to sue for peace. Here the TULF has joined forces with the Government and Sinhalesa cha LuwiniSTI, This is al High
TULF prefers the Sri water mark in the TULF's sordid history troy the LTTE before of treachery against the Tamil national made public. struggle.
Waiting - 9
Drunken Sailor
stiring to the tide of floor
முப்பு PLISH Lரிப்பETப் பூப்பு ப்ெ III kell sailor Lu Jithu its LLP hlífeflecked pol Lr Le s SIL'aying, right and gale to dare Ze's heart bea a Tld Ftis balcort LJ hell The World per Lt. Creeper LL if its clinging scent he La Luteracles LLL Fled
e Luciking Lith Fier dreaITI IIIisperit
JFt. Ehlert, thuis moriter LT Lucas fragile ihile clouds that castled the Toors LL'ept sky ght that Death the Stalker LL'ould beguile 's Iris Thicket to lear Lis parltar idsfgl.
U. Kaluniatilake

Page 13
ETHNIC CONFLICT(2)
Fact and Fiction
Rohan Jayawardene
We look again at our educational structure, which will come up from exallnation of the Totion to be lowed by the Minister of Education, we will find that We are spending over Rs. 20 million a year for maintaining a systern of education which creates two classes. Over 80 per cent of Our Schools educate our children in Sinhalese and Tamil, while only about 6 or 7 per cent of the children are given an English education, But the official language is English, and that is Why this country is always in danger of being governed by a small coterie Who go through those English schools whereas the vast majority who go through the Sinhalese and TailSchools must always be in the position of hewers of wood and difa Wers of Water.
We hawe mot only defects in OLUT OWN system of education as an example and an argument for accepting this motion; We have also the example of other countries Wichi hawe been for Tary Certi LITES Under foreign domination, and once they ha WE EJECCITÉ free or a Tost free thi Edy have dropped the foreign language and adopted their own language, Will take an example, first, the Irish Free State. After centuries of Anglicization, the native language of the people of Ireland, Gaelic, Was forgotten; hardly 10 per cent spoke the language of the people. Thanks to the efforts of Dr. Hyde later became the President of the Irish Free State, the Gaelic League Was started, and Gaelic was again made popular among the people, When Mr. De Valera began his great fight for freedom, and succeeded, he insisted that native language of the people of Ireland, through it was spoken only by 10 percent, unlike in Ceylon where only 10 percent speak English, should be made tle offical language. He set aside all objections - he is an a man Who does not care for objections - and he rTade that language the official language of Ireland.
We also hawe the exarTriple of India where the Indiam National Congress had insisted that English should be supplanted from its position as the official language, that linguistic provinces should be created, and that Hindi should be the official language. We see that in Hyderabad and
in the Other native St: language is the lang No difficulty, I think once the spirit of the and the Tethods. Whi put into effect
If only the Board in 1931 and the Miri: was elected in 1931 sary steps with a Wii been theirs, to put i such as this, it may be able to speak in people in this. COL!!! legislative assembli even at this stage to that Sinhalese and official languages o
It becomes all the We should adopt thi because the MinistE ducing very far-rea week in this Court make EnglishedLuc. Create al Education teach English as a |language, y ) LI TIL your eyes What is g language of this C. to educate the peo percent of whom de education, in Engl languages of the CC GSEarld Tamil? Or to have English as | think that that is decision which sh edu Catilala Luthori Whether the mediur be the Title to edLCational Structu thë official languag tEC Dutch ard T. not going to be the
Thérèfore, WD before the House: Word of explanatic dÈSITE LO includĒT titti tist: T in the Tamil-speak TaITi: 5hould be || the Tamil-speaking thirds of the people Sinhalasg, I had the

aes Of Indiate official guage of the people. can be visualized a motion is accepted ch | WEC utilis Edā sē
of Ministers elected Ster of EdLICāation WhČ) Faitäkërl The ITECESsom that Should Filla WE Into effect a proposa a that today. We Would the languages of the fiti al in Jur clief B5. It is not 100 |ate | Take a start tCO SEE
Ta Til are Triade the F this country.
more important that Smotion at this stage, is Of Educati OrliSints Oching proposalis next | One of Which is to ation free. Before you al systern in Which you free and Compulsory st have clear efore Joing to be the official untry. Are you going ple of this country, 80 p not a present gelan ish, While the Cofficial untry are to be SinhaWein the future going the official language? the most important ould be taken by the ties before they decide mofilStrLUCtilor STOLld 1gue of English. The FESIOuld te Suited to 2S. Orle Tight as Well tot English if English is
official language.
uld place this motion and I Wish to speak a om With regard to my amil also. I had always amil should be Spoken ng provinces, and that he official language in provinces. But astWOa of this country speak intention of proposing
that only Sinhalese should be the official language of the Island; but it seems to me that the Tamil Community, Who Speak Tamil, Wish that Tar Til also should be included on equal terms With Sinhalese. The great fear I had was that Sinhalese being a language spoken by only 3 Tillion people in the Whole Would suffer, or may be entirely lost in time to come, if Tamil is also placed on an equal footing With it in this country. The influence of Tamil literature, a literature used in India by Ower 4 Omi||ico ad their fuerCa of Tailfi||T15 and Tamil Culture in this country, thought might be detrimental to the future of the Sinhalese language; but if it is the desire of the Tai Tills, that Tamil also should be given an equal status with Sinhalese, I do not think. We should bar it from attaining that position.
I do not think there will be any difficulty in this House, which is composed of repreSentatives chosen On a universal franchise, in securing the Erld We have in WieW, It is the Lliw efsa fra Chi Se trat has brought the English-educated and the masses together, and it is the impulse Created by the Use of the uniwersal franchse, by the ideals realized by the grant of universālfranchis Which Ērāblēthepepleto choose their rulers, Which Wil|| ultimately make Sinhalese and Tamil the official languages of this country. Would thereforesuggest to this House that Weanticipate that event, and give it the sanction of our Wote ad de CİSİOT.
Language, Sir, is one of the most important characteristics of nationality. Without language, a nation stands a chance of being absorbed or of losing its identity, With language, it has a chance of Wing for centuries. It is because of our language that the Sinhalese race has existed for 2,400 years, and think that, composed as We are in this House, an the eye of freedomasa free Country Wesīguld prepar for a rational official|anguage. This HCLse, lansure, will vote with me that English should be deposed from its position as the official language of the country and Sinhalese and Tamil, the ancient languages of olur people, Spokenı boy ower BQ) tö09C) percent of our people, should be made the official languages of Lanka."
(To Ebe Cor1 fir I LIed)

Page 14
Generic
The World Health Organization kept informed about the facts on knowledge and skills to protect the of drugs.
Public education in drug use wil education, Uid the lass redict. The will still not provide adequate pro doctor's prescriptions are effectively and promoted for indications which
Generic Drugs are those k names and can be prescribed ol indications.
Most Pharmacopoeias nou car giving a brief account of the indica particular drug. Thus Generic nami part of this public education progra to prevent brand name promotion m. of the Black Arts.
Generic Dru;
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ll increasingly become a part of mass knowledge and skills thus acquired fection to the public if the items in disguised by various brand names have not been fully validated.
nown by their pharmacopoeial nly for their established clinical
ry a section on Patient information tions, benefits and risks in use of a ng and identification of use is a vital imme advocated by WHO which aims aking medication revert to being one
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Page 15
Patriarchy in a La
Eva Ralla Weera
his paper attempts to decipher the concept of
patriarchy, its power base and its manner of operationalisation through the Various structures in the Society. It also argues that the legitimisation it seeks, through the language leads to state oppression as Well, The role played by language however, is the thrust of the deciphering exercise,
According to the Chambers Dictionary, Patriarchy is governing or ruling by paternal right; and patriarch is one of the early heads of families from Adam downwards to Abraham, Jacob and his sons, Continuing in the sarile context of religion, Chambers says patriarch is a bishop ranking above primates and metropolitans. The heads of certain Eastern Churches, LLLLaLLLL LLLLHLLLLLLLS LLLL LLLLLaLLLLSLLLLLLLSJCLLLLCLSLLLLLL — pater, the father, arche rule)
Oxford dictionary defines "patriarchy as a system, Society, or Government, rule by man and with descent through the male line.
| use both these meanings of patriarchy in combination.
These meanings are based on the acceptance of a rule by patriarchy and it is logical to state Woman as opposed to Tan, the ruler is ruled by manthrough the system of patriarchy. Thus each patriarch, each father or potential father is a ruler or an anticipated ruler and each Woman is a subject of the ruler.
We believe that any system that is dependant on Subjugation does not work for the benefit of the subjugated. No form of domination is healthy or desirable. Based on this it is logical to consider that patriarchy exists for the benefit of the patriarch
THIS TE SCELTIS,
A patriarch's powerlies in his Supportive system for domination, in the form of its ideology and its implementation through the family, the religion, literature, social and cultural heritage, behaviour patterns, the language etc. There are many more formis in the Supportive system but Ilimit myself to these, leaving out the huge patriarchal system of economy, its monopoly and its administrative infrastructures. Over the years, this system has been accepted by the Tajority female who in turn sees to the strict adherence and propagation, just as the majority in a colonised Country accept and propagate the ideology and wiews beneficial to the colonial power. But, unlike in a colony the subjugated Woman is far from being able to form a common front or for considering ways and means of releasing herself from the fetters of patriarchy as she is imprisoned in the patriarchal family unit in violation from each other, physically and ideologically. When she meets other imprisoned members she is indoctrinated to carry out her discussions and problems Within the framework of the ideology of patriarchy and the family Unit, because she knows only that and is unable to visualise another state Outside it.
in the examination of various forms of implеппепtalloпапd propagation of patriarchy, a powerful system carries out its

h9U129€
subjugation and humiliation of the Woman. At times to subtly and deceptively that the victim is truly unaware of it and considers herself a free person in a "democratic Society.
Patriarchy is the right of the patriarch to rule because, he has inherited it by descent. It is a divine right similar to the divine right of Kings. It is not to be questioned, and it is to be accepted. From this arises the assumption that the Wollar is lost without the protective base of patriarchy.
She carries the brandmark of the family in the form of the surname, which is changed after marriage when she enters the home of another patriarchal family. Note the male child's LLLLaLLLLLC LLLCL0L LaLL aLLLLLC CLLLLL GGLLDLauDSSSL LLLLaLCLLaLaLaL will carry his surname which he inherited from his father. Under the Sri Lankan Custo the majority of females did not do not change their surnames at marriage and continued continues to use the surname of the father.
The patriarchal far lily unit is supposed to provide protection to the inmates of the house. This protection wards off threats of violation to the subjects. Within. Nevertheless, it is often revealed, how this claim to protection falls apart inspite of the patriarchal family unit and it's close relations with the police forcë; in the infrastructure earlier referred td,
| Will look at the family unit briefly because it was in the institution of the family that the free female individual lost her place and position and this was the beginning of WOTien's subordination of subjection to a patriarchal order.
In the family the female soon became the second class citizen, burdered with the family chores, the bringing up of children, running of the house, seeing to the correct implementation of the patriarchal system according to the Worldly instructions given to children as declared in ancient patriarchal Wisdom and propagated through literature and religion which created a highly prejudiced state pushing the Woman to a lower position. Here cannot resist quoting a folk song which as usual hits out at the dignity of a Woman. This particular one goes a step further and targets Brahma's Wife.
Wherever they go, the meritorious one neapsholmage The sinners gather but disgrace,
LH LHaLL aLLLLL a LaL LLLLLaLLHLLLLLLL LLLL LLLLLL LaLLLLLLLaLLLL And on the heads of the simmers, his Wife did the inscribing.
The set pattern of thinking, woman baiting is exposed.
"If marriage is the basis of the family, then this supposedly indiwidual and freely chosen form, has a stāte instrument at it's heart" say Michele Barret and Mary Macintosh',
They continue
"Those who defend marriage as what people want and
13

Page 16
need, must explain then why it has to be so massively privileged by Social policies, laxation, religious endorsement and the accolade of respectability".
When the family unit breaks down for what was expected to be the end of all problems in life for the female it turns out to be a hell and domestic privacy then becomes an autonomy. An enraged man may beat his wife and it will become a "Private MFEr“.
"The bond between them is seen as so special that the outsider should not presume to take a stand, even when it is quite clear that What is happening is an extrerile form of physical violence".
"The privacy of the family is castin a new light if we realise that one quarter of reported violence is Wife assault and that a very large proportion of rapes are carried out by men who know their victims as Well, often husbands, boy friends, fathers and uncles".
The mythology around the Woman and the family unit, its Sacredness, its romance lead us astray from our set purpose, the exposure of patriarchy in a language and we haster to Stop myself fron Wondering around in my own prison looking into its dark nooks and Corners, for the presence of at least traces of a family unit and its sanctum.
Language
The second part of this paper deals with language, I will examine how patriarchal ideology is operationalised through the language, Language is described as a variety of speech, a body of Words and idioms, mode of expression, a manner of expressing thought or feeling; Communication. These descriptions of a language do not take into consideration the dominant effect of patriarchy which Cripples and at times keeps away WOTien Writers from using it in a sense of equality. In a patriarchal Society language is not simply a means of communication. It is one of the main instruments of patriarchy that obstructs the development of Women intellectually and thereby Creates a sense of inferiority. Patriarchal hegemony in a language is hidden under Credibility obtained from the use of alter Tinology which describes patriarch althought and expressions as scientific, unernationallucid, factual etc. Will explore this point later in detail. Language the intellectual manifestation uaaaCCLLLSaamL0LaLaaCCaL0LLLLaaLLaLaLSLL LLLLLLLLHHHHHHLLLLLLaLLL of the ideology described earlier. It is also the most effective instrument or propagation of this ideology. It denies the margirial groups their adequate expression by,
a typification
חםystificatiוח .b
C. establishment of a structural society in which the marginal groups find themselves unable to voice their needs (somebody's voice and my need).
We Will not go into details about typification which categorises Women as obedient, good, kind, generous, pretty etc., which itself is a means of enslaving and tying her to certain expectations such as the above.
14

2. Mystification-Elevation into a mystery, use of the feminine mystification which hides her reality in a patriarchal society which has defined the Women as the mysterious other.
3. Establishment of the marginal groups into the concept of
the Second sex.
"The patriarchal elite defines reality through a selective language usage so that the present power structure is maintained, Whilst disruptions to the established order are averted. The powerful (that is the main stream men) hawe no desire for social changes, therefore they do not need to engage in critical reflections and thus have little use for flexible language systems. The society is their construction and they Work to maintain it so as to preserve their status. This then is the power of the patriarchal language".
Patriarchal Society has created a technical language which embodies the power structure of Politics, Economics, Management, Commerce and other disciplines and is outside the availability of the marginalised in society.
The conventional language, which is the male language in use today, has proved itself inadequate for the marginalised to Voice their sufferings.
Going back to my reference to terminology, present here a list of Words which describe the male superiority in the language as opposed to the female inadequacy. This terminology is closely related to typification of Woman and is di SCrimination.
Male Language Marginalised Language
Objectiwe subjective SCBT ti: Lu Siirtific logical illogical ite||Ctual Chati Syster Tatic LurlSystematic Credible I.I.E.||||E
ā LJПrtal
t:Till:a| hysterical detached introspective powerful stupid
Eroad OW distictiWE Womanly
In Sanskrit grammar obvious gender consciousness is reVealed. Words associated with knowledge or wisdom Prajna Widya and Parra are feminine Words While Words associated With emotive states such as compassion and love Preman arid Srlea are masculine".
Burdened by criticism and labelled as mediocre the early Women Writers (English medium) concealed their identity and used pseudonyms and published their Works anonymously. They used masculine names George Sand, George Elliott, Currer, Ellis, Action Bell. The attire of George Sand was
nasculine, in a wain attempt to claimeduality.
They suffered from the danger of reading their fiction as autobiography. They feared but defied the critics who were men armed with male language.

Page 17
"Many brilliant and competent women had so cortipletely accepted the myth of female inferiority that they had no faith in their own sex and considered themselves superior exceptions. George Elliott and Elizabeth Barret Browning, or example approved of feminism in theory. But could not believe that Victorian Women were ready to assume the responsibilities of equality. Mrs Browning a political liberal Who Wrote against Americam slawery and for the Italian liberation, and whose verse novel Aurora Leigh was attacked as propaganda for women's rights Wrote moretheless, that she was not a very strong partisan of the rights of Women side argument....." (EJgste WeFFiat Córisidering men and Worrier in the Tlass, hare is an inequality LL TCLCLLLCLS 0HMM S SS LLCLL YC aH LCCC LLLL LL YGLTuS of which gifted Women complain and more than proved by the Tariner in which their complaint is received by their a Wm sister hacido".
Woman Writers were termed blue stockings, unwomanly, tough aggressive, pedaniic, Wain and ugly.
In a letter Written by Robert Southey, the poet Laureate, to Charlotte Bronte in 1337, We find in tolerance and prejudice towards WOThen Writers.
SLLLLLLDLLLLLC LLLLLLLHaa LLLLLL LLL LLLLLL LLL C LLLLLLaLLaL aL LLLLLL it ought not to be. The more she is engaged in her proper duties the less leisure will she have for it, even as an accomplishment and recreation".
Note - "proper duties". Her writing was an accomplishment and a recreation "only".
Her reply to this letter is noteworthy
| hawe endêawOLJred not only attentiwely to obserwea||duties a Woman ought to fulfil, but to feel deeply interested in them, I don't always succeed for sometimes When I am teaching or SeWing I Would rather be reading or writing: but I try to deny myself and my father's approbation amply rewarded The for the privation".
Proper duties Were teaching and sewing but "She would be reading of Writing" and not carrying out her proper duties, Towards which she had no inclination. The Tanner in which these Women began to use the male language to assert themselves from the oppressive conditions was both courageous and defiant. The quotation from the barbed per of Thomas Moore addressed to Harrie Martineau reveals the extent of oppression exercised. (Showalter's Women Writers and the Double Standard.)
Blue Love Song & Women Writers
ConTe, be with me, and || Wil|| Write My Blue of Blues, from morning till night Chased from our classic souls shall be All thoughts of Vulgar progeny etc.
It implied Blue stocking Women Writers were barren and usexed.

Criticism & Women Writers
Earlier references to Women Writing under masculine names and pseudonyms illustrate their fear of criticism, if they used pseudonyms they hoped to receive impartial reviews. They Were but keeping their "poor" femininty in hiding. Coming down to later times "On naming the oppressed or what Woolf avoids saying in A Room of One's Own" by J. Christine Salem notes Woolf's desire to protect herself from male criticism in her conspicuously pervasive choice of sentence structures where the agent is masculine or is deleted.
Obvious patriarchal domination of the language is seen in the Use of generic masculine Words e.g., man/mankind denotes LL CLLL LLLLCL LL LLLLLL aLa LLLLLL CLLLLLLaLLLL LL LLLLLLLLS
Lunder natural disasters man surwiwes, one expects justice to be meted out to him (Tian and he are Synonyms).
Fellow of the Royal College of...... FRCS etc.
Generic masculine biasis accepted by the male and female in Society, a dog is a male dog; lawyer male bias, House wife but 10 house husband.
The third sector of the paper is on sexist Words used in anger for the purpose of abusing and humiliating Woman to break her and make her submissive. Foul Words, dirty words, obscene Words are all sexist. The Woman is an obscene product. Gender specific terms Considered obscene are body parts and functioning of the female body. Anger is most felt When mother, the big female is invoked on a connotation.
A Woman is a bit, a Cunt, a screw, a piece, a pussy, a prude, a Whore a girlie, a dame a hussy. She is also referred to as a nymph, blue stocking petticoat (petticoat government) prostitute, strumpet, skirt, tart, tit, wirago, Vixen.
Because of a Woman's Vulnerable position in a patriarchal Society she is Considered a protected thing, thereby becoming feeble and Weak. Thus her voice Will be feeble and weak. Nevertheless she is held responsible for the housa.
In COflclusion I Would say
Woman is a prisoner in a patriarchal family unit
The powerful instrument of male language is inadequate t0 WOice fer Timir IerleedS.
Women's oppression is legitimatised by the conventional language forcing her into a role of acceptance.
Obscenity in the male language is gender Oriented
References
The Anti Social Family by Michele Barratt. Rape crisis Centre Report, London 1972 Notes on The Tyranny of Language. Usage by Andrea E Goldsmith. Mother Wisdom Father Love by Jose graqcio Calcazan
Women, Wives and the Double Standards by Elaine Shawalter.
15

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BOOKS
Hidden Racism
Bгаппаgапалі
ayarı Jayatlaka, Once arı arden! Dိါ of the Tamil struggle for Self-determination and a sympathiser of the armed resistance Tovement of the Tamilyouth, has now transformed himself into a champion of Sinhala-Buddhist chauvinism and a proponent of counterinsurgency theories. Having traversed a complicated political trajectory from revolutionary militancy to reactionary racism, Dayan has been expending his entire intellectual energy in the destructive criticism of the Tamil national struggle, The LTTE, which spearheads the Tamil freedorrowerment, is the central target of his Critique. His particular brand of political theory does not offer any rational, objectWe analysis of the phenomenon of Tamil af medreSjStarICC, but rathErä blird, SWĖeping criticism of the LTTE. He advocates T10thing other thān the total destruction of the Tari Tigers.
Sri Lanka political discourse, in recent times, has produced an amazing variety of political theorisits and analysts Whose main vocation seems to be to produse denuciatory criticisms of the politico-military strategy of the LTTE and offer ideas LLLLLLLL LLLLHHLHHL aLLLLLLLaLLLL aLLLLLLL "terrorist menace'. Among these political theorists, Dayan Jaya tillakastands ollutas a unique character in his irrational and ruthless criticism of the LTTE. Hispathological hatred and paranoia for the Tigers are so perverse that it makes one Wonder whetherheistormented by schizophrenic deluSiOnS.
his recent book entitled "Sri La Tka, The Tra vals of a De Tocracy, Ur fir 7 fshed War, Protracted Crisis", hlG portrays the LTTE as the most dangerous force constituting a serious threat, not only to Sri Laka bout also to the ērtire South
in Politi
Asia. The LTE ha: any cost; otherwise, nation would perish.
sophy of doorn, he
Tiserable future if Sr With the LTTE. To
"The Cônseզuarl losing this War Will dangerous. The Sin up With 450 yearS C With 5 OFTE TEtĒ||OLJ ments, because th Were mighty World Wi TECEt dia |It-TWE: bed, accepted an Sinhala psyche as World's fourth larges to a Tamil force, he a minority and the enemy Will Cause te Sinhala psyche. The trated rage Will Ci :) I iii) fil Willa social and personal ned. The While SO apart. The state its Egg FC||OWE OLJ erosion of Credibility
Surely this is not objective elucidatior This is simply amar delusion. Maybe t triggered off 'terribl psyche of Dayan m Filla|Lucilaties of thi:
First of all, Dayar senses are intact, of ared resistanc product of Sinhala Will Ciri Other W
credition of Sial

Cal Theorie:S
5 to be destroyed at he warns, the Sinhala Prophesying a philopaints a very gloomy i Lanka loses the War quote him in this
CE at Sri Laka of be both grawe and lala people COLuld pLut if Colonial rule, ablet s and protest moveFase colonial powers ide empires. Even the Hills CCLIld BE EBSD
di Withstood by the an imposition by the it army, Tolose a War Wewer, representing most ancient historic
rTibla - Corri W LISTiOrS irn
ILITiliationald fruSause a pathological st for generations. All relations Will be pois0cial fabric may come If Will fictat it as
for Wilde to and legitimacy".
a balanced, rational, Of the ethnic Conflict. lifestation of paranoic he War has already g COn Wulsions" in the aking him experience Skild.
should realise, if his hat the phemorTmenion of the LTTE is the state repression änd JOCS The LT TE IS ETE chauvinist oppression
against the Tamils. Having taken birth from the conditions of state oppression, the LTTE is fighting against the state repressive apparatus to Win the political rights of the Tamils. Self-determination, the freedom of a nation of people to decide their own political destiny, is one of those rights. The LTTE is Waging an armed struggle to realise this right. Since the Sinhala state has effectively repressed all forms of non-violent struggles undertaken within the Cofires of Constitutional and democratic politics, the Tamils had no atternative other than to defend themsewes With arted resistance. This is GW the LTTE's armed struggle arose and developed. Now the question is how to bring the arried conflict to an end? Ignoring the historical root of the ethnic conflict, and callously disregarding the political struggle of the Tamils, Dayan, as well as several other theorists of similar brand, call for the defeat and destruction of the LTTE. Conceiving that the arried struggle of the LTTE and the political struggle of the Tamils are two sets of different phenomena, they attempt to characterise the HTT1ẹd TE:SIslance of the Tigers as a phëLHHLaLHaH a aLLLLLLLaLLLLL LLaaaLLaLLL LaHHH aa political discoure of the Tamils. It is here, in the isolation and identification of the armed struggle of the LTTE from that of the national struggle of the Tamil people, that Dayan as Well as other political the Crists make a grave blunder. This separation is only imaginary, a pure fantasy that LLLkLLLLLL LS LL H LLLLLL a LaLLLLL KLLaLLLLSSS Cori:Crete reality there is no such separation. The armed struggle of the LTTE has LLLL 0 aLHHLLLLLLL LLLLH LLLLLL LL LLLLLLL political struggle of the Tamils and therefore they are onë and the Sarne phenofilenon. Since the armed struggle is the mode of the national struggle of the Tamils arising from the conditions of Sinhala state oppression, it is undeniably a political
17

Page 20
phenomenon which has to be resolved by political Tears. Unless the root Causes of the armed struggle are resolved, i.e., the conditions of oppression are removed the conflict cannot be resolved by any other means. This is the hard reality. The advocates of military solution should realSE this political truth.
But Dayan's political text is far removed from reality. In his paranoid phantasy he wiews the Tamll national Struggle as a Simple phenomenon of "terorism with dangerous potential to destablise the Whole of South Asia. Therefore, he calls Upon the South Asian nations to mobilisa a formidable multilateral force to eliminate the Liberation Tigers. Since the Sri Lanka army is unable to carry out the task and the fourth largest army of the World has failed to do so, he thinks that it would be possible for the combined armies of South ASia LOSuccessfully Crush the Tamil liberation struggle. This fantastic counter-insurgency theory, inviting foreign armies into Sri Lanka to resolve the ethnic problem can only be characterised as a perverted for I of racism arising out of fanatical
lated.
Dayan's fanatica traПЕСЕПТds all HOUT HÊ Writ55:
"So long as the L is no question of DfOSperity, Orany re here, All the potenti Will Cortle to nought Wilfrie Wereld. The S begin to boil and b. LihÈ Wär and its - :cor be limited to NorthCentres, these two mboand Eelam, the LTTE, Carlot Cögxi Dual power and p between the two is have to go; and one
in Dayan's politic fird hiddel Streeks portray the Tamils a of the Sinhalase.
treated as the arc analysis Will show t as a symbolic repres ned power projectic This is the dangeroL
BOOKS
THE KANDY ROAD, Jennings, William Ivor, posthumously published by the University of Pera
Alfred Jeyaratrian Wson
And Jennings was a Welshman Who stole our
P. de S. KLIMErafПЕ
|麗 Goonetilake, Sri Lanka's renowned bibliophile, a national treasure veritably, has in his Teticulous introduction dealt with every facet of Jennings's UniVersity and public life in Ceylon. He also provides a penetrating study of Jennings's intellectual and academic attainments, the story of Peradeniya during his steward
18
ship and the drastic the ra refield et OS ir changes that follow iril 1955. AS Goreti had hoped for a resid |lled on Cxbridge. It it thing else. Politics University became

hatred of the LTTE ls of rational thinking.
TEis out there, there any real peace and al development, over all that Sri Lanka has. The Sri Lanka crisis Luther frOmt Wil||also bble again, because SECUENCE CAIT TEWET ast. These two power "Kingdoms" - ColoLankan state and the tim One Snäll island. 2aceful Co-existence impossible. One will Will".
all Writings, one can of facial ha tred that is the "historic enemy' Though the LTTE is h enemy, a deeper hat the Tiger is dealt entation of their magOf the Tarmil raCe. s elementin Dayan's
distorted perception of the Tamil national question. His passionate dislike of the Tigers represents nothing other than a repressed hatred of the Tamils.
We find this element of racism cleverly rationalised in contemporary anti-LT TE Writings of several journalists and commentators who maquerade as political theorists and analysts, whose biased and distorted vision Will notinanyWay contribute to Solwe the ethnic Crisis, EoLt Tather Would reinforce the hegemony of chauvinistic ideology that dominates the political World Of the South.
The teorists of tha final Solutio Who. advocate total destruction of the LTTE deliberately ignore or rather conveniently forget a crucial aspect in their grand strategies of War. That is the question of civilian casualties. The lack of Concern about the catastrophic consequence that might befall the Tamil civilian population in the event of a total War, with the involvement of foreignarmies as advocated by Dayan, shows very clearly that these theorists of War are essentially racists.
(Inside Report)
edited and introduced by H. A. I. Goonetileke, deniya, Peradeniya, 1993,
mother tongue.
transformation from those times to the ld after his departure eke states, Jennings ential campus modeurned out into SomeOok Command. The democratised in its
admissions policy. Jennings on the other hand, "had little respect and less time for... populist tendencies....." (p. xiii).
Sir William vor Jennings iriedexternalising his autobiography while in Ceylon where he spent 15 of his valuable years from a youthful 37 to past the half century

Page 21
mark of 52. Being the successful "scholarship boy" he wished Sri Lankan youth to succeed as he had done. He Was somewhat a dreamer in his mistaken belief that the English language could become the mother tongue. Hence P. de S. Kularatre's ditty. He was disarmingly frark to the point of being misunderSlood Wher hē declared thathafo Lund the island "a fille beller thān a Cull.Jfäl đBSert''' [[]p. xxi-xxiii). He minced no Words in his asseLLLLLL SS SS a S SHa S S LaLLLLLL SLLLLLLaLaLLLL systern, social Welfare and political life, After some time, he ceased to think of Firself as an outsider. In his Preface and in most places in the main text, Jennings used "we" not so Tuch as the "royal We" but as a means of identifying himself with the people and their fortuneS. The final chapler (vi) a "Descriptive Glossary" in Which historic places outside of the Kandy road, Buddhist), SCITE FCWers, birds, Wëgetables and many Varieties of fruit are explained in all their detail as Well as the painstaken to caution the intending traveler of Tinor things such as drinking Water, the Talaria Tosquito and other useful đBlallsbear Wilmesst0 amabitlingaffBClløm he had for Ceylon. Additionally Sir Ivor describes wividly what a curry Tears (pp. 82-4) and how when invited, the guest at a dinner party Would be entertained with tWelwe Curries, SOITIB Theat, SOTTE fish, some vegetables and some fruit..."(p. 83), evidence of a deep liking for the Ceylon Style dinner party. A little known fact of this affection for Ceylon from a man who was studiedly aloof was evidenced by his taking to Cambridge his Sinhalese butler Cum Jollarrles facol.III,
Sir Ivor perhaps Wrote The Kandy Road because, as he once told colleagues such as Professor J. L. C. Rodrigo, a popular Dean of the Faculty of Arts that he had a presignition which fortunately did not materialise that he would meet with his
LLaLa LLLHHLHHLLLaLLC aH LLLLL LCLLLLS S LLLLL LLLLLL of Sir Ivor's essay is divided into six chapters: on the people of the island, the Road, its starting point, Colombo, milestones that describe various places and temples On roule, Kandy, and a "descriptive glas
sary". There is muc indicates a deep aff alle Said, dei bater the Tost disi texts Written On Ceyl Leonard Woolf inc
present times. His is
It is as contempor given the lapse of ti first Written.
The Kandy Roac Goonetilake's lively duction. It strikes a
tПО5E Of US WHO WE Sir wor's university, nostalgia as one Sa", then and What it be departLirė. Goorietile riveting prose hawet for Orlg to Suffer T
PrOLIstian Erie mbr Just to give One Sar
EITT I WSG - til El til
the Wild i Lig i
rTyriad SCents ar arOLIInd | 33, Chm CornE
ГауE|Е in BT LJП
EITherald hLJGS bJr.
scenarios of Willag irSC LWEWEr CE bendheld a surpris of tarTTiac LIIIrolled
quickering glimpis (μ. κΧίν).
GOOetilleke's Word ing reader of a bo guished British CiW adiSilimitable S
sig.
Sir wor left Ceylic the prestigious Mas Efld El Stirl AS VicE
dge University, Ala enough. For he di Oesophagus at the of sixty two.

h in the Writing that ection for the people 3d Sir WorTustaWe Linguished author of on Robert Knox and Uded, and others to a unique travel guide.
aneous as it could be
effort Wei Was
is enriched by lan language in the Introchord in the earts of int through the Til of
There is a poignant "Ours of the University Came after Sir Wor’s ake's chaste style and o be readthoughtfully hostalgic pangs of a arCE of things past. Tiple:
: breeze in one's face, air, the fragrance of a |d breathtaking wistas ar or open stretch. One 2nding green tunnel of ken by the changing and toW, CONTÉ TEWer"
Oriera Weed-EE C
eas the unaded ribbon
its fresh. Worlders and
es of life or its edges....
STETitlEd SCErok by another distinil Serwant John Sti|| tyle in his The Jurg/e
om in 1955 to take up) stership of Trinity Hall Chancelor of CaTibr|- she did not live long ied of Cärlicer of thig
relatively young age
It might interest readers to know a little Tore of Sir wor and his in Wolvement probably rather reluctantly, after his move to Cambridge. My reading of the Jennings archives in London disclosed some rewlations. There are a few pages of a manfesto in Jennings's handwriting. It was for the United National Party, evidence of the expectation of a further general election in the offing should D. S. Senaria yake's government of 1947 be defeated on the aLLaLL LLL LLaaLLLLLL SL LaLaaLLLLLLLaa LLLLLaa
of Thanks on the first throne speech, There is also a letter to Sir Ukwatte JayaSundara on the BC Pact. Sir Ivor states, if rer ember rightly, that the Tamils had gained the substance of federalism. He speculated in this letter that if the Tamils Were not satisfied and rose in rebellion, Such a rebellion will have to be put down. LLLLLL LLL LLL LLLL LLLL LL LLL LLL LLLLLL this would become necessary, for the Tamils would realise they had more to gain is they Terrained Within the frarnework Within which they could negotiate and bargain, Both these examples indicate how close he had come to identifying himself with even the domestic politics of Ceylon. Lastly there is a cryptic reference in a response to a VIP's ( forget who he was) letter on the question of Ceylon's independence. It refers to his satisfaction With everything except the choice of February 4th as the day of independence, Here, from other related material elsewhere Wasable to make the connection, Sir Ivor wanted the 2nd February to be ridependence Day, the occasion of his own Wedding anniversary. The questionarises as to why he expected so much. Lastly I was given the opportunity of reading a letter by Sir Ivor to a rather eccentric batch mate of nine. This acquaintance had Written Sri Ivor a letter alleging, very unfairly, that a senior lecturer in economics had discriminated against him on grounds of Caste. Jennings was quick to reply deaf mister, "There are limits to absurdity" etc. Jennings also commented quite a bit that he was the recipient of many an anonymous letter, about members of faculty at the University.
19

Page 22
BOOKS
"THISTOTAL ART: PERCEPTIONS OF SRI LAN
Karaka Piers
A small body of documentation is roW emerging in the field of the
performing arts of Sri Lanka. The most
recent addition to this group is Shelagh
Goonewardene's This total ar: percep
fÍOS COf Sri Lankan Theatre" published last
MäfCh.
This book contains a collection of newspaper rdwie WS, prewie.WS, radio broadcasts and Sundry articles Written by Shelagh GoOne Wardere betWell 1980 and 1984. Written in a mellifluous style, these Oullisles are nevertheless packed With detail and With practical, topical comment. Her approach is both academic and horely. The reviews are not based on absolute standards but in terms of the needs Cof the moment, GoomēWardeme has atteripted to recognise several of the performing arts and the result is a miscellany Which includes references tO dance and puppelry as well as drama. She has had two objectives in mind when compiling this Cold Cition.
Orla objective was to pay tribute to those Who had giver dedicated Service to the performing arts. In this Connection, her thumbnail sketches of Chitrasena, Wajira, Ludowyke, Sarachich andra and Wendt Taylot evoke much interest, since these perSons have been studied in depth elseWhere, but BrāCCOls Karā BBCkernridge, Richard de Zoysia, Harold Pieris and Arthur van Langenberg are to be applauded. The personal note in these biographical pieces add authenticity and CfäffT.
Her other objective is to contribute to theatre history, specially considering the врћепeral nature of theatre. She has been Successful in this intention and this Work is a very effective contribution to the history of drama in Sri Lanka,
Up to now, all we had in respect of English theatre in Sri Lanka, were sophisticated reviews of perfor Ilances and gqually elevated literary assessments of texts, Goonewardene's coverage of origirial Work in English is largely confined to a SSESSilents of the Work of Ernest Mac|mtyrë. There is also some reference to "Rama and Sita“. Landmark productions
Of Seri Luis theatre, Salesmar' and "Cat are revie Wed, and ol as the highly prais mention. Light theat musicals are specifi is a good review of (JI "Cat5'Elsd Torffs Called "Jeans' is inc T"left|Oil Of LF1e Wer Neidra Wi:Llachii... In ac Warderie proWides Lu Werk Đf Wo if|LIE Which deserve a history - the Draft Sel. While LIFE, Uliwe buted greatly to the tre from LFG, 1920's Stage and Set which tre Scene during the ties. Goonewardene grOLip äric Fler aCC ExtĒSĪWE. It is Ludo account of this now WE|| deser We:S to be NWA WASIL.
GCCnewarderhead equally conversant' but her perspective Contemporary Sinh; quarter of the items With Silląla teatre lfläff HäWE fOLIrld Fl Concluded bibliogra. tre. Hera CCCLuft of St
a Lt OtatWere C between Sinhala ar. tātā Wī referenc ctions Of"CaLasian ( LWalaye Kathawa. tre perSomalities are The accounts of FE and Gamini Wijasuri EICES Which | WES : two persons. There Dhamma Jagoda, o shed for the first time Wardale focuses Ol WEITlents, DharTITa: establishing drar Thaa dary School CurricLI| in establishing the SUdioforteatre tra
GOOIE Wardee'S

| KAN THEATRE" By Shelagh Goonewardene
Such as "Deat of a Icasian Chalk Circle' her productions such ied "Lark are given "eis not forgotternand cally included. There Evita" and previews y'. An original musical Luded, but there is no y polished Work by dition to this, Goories with records of the htial theatre groups, liche in ous theatre SoC and Stage and rsity DramSoc. contridevelopment of theato the 1950's, it was dÕirätëdetEasixliés drd haSEWEnWasa Tērber of this Junt is detailed and ubtedly the definitive ' defunct group, and reprinted here, from
OBS not claim to be With Sinhala theatre, a definitely includes alla teatre, Over E. in the Collection deal and practically all of place in my recently hy on Sinhala theaage and Set provides rd Of the interaction nd English langauge e to the Sixties produChalk Circle' and 'HuFÖLJT Studie Sintēaparticularly striking. alix PrBITla Wardhana ya are the Sole referable to frd On these are two articles. On ne of Which is publiin this book. Goosetwo off-stage achiespioneering Work in sa part of the SecorLIIT ardhi imitiative Art Centre. Theatre Iming.
Collectiori ircludes
additional material Which deals. With the Unseen or peripheral areas of the local theatre scene, She lays great stress on the importance of school and community theatre and emphāsises the immer Satisfaction that association with theatre gives its participants. Peripheral theatre is seen as the CatCrimentarea för the T10rE WISIEole sections of our amateurtheatre. Crne such catchment area, church plays, is represented by an account of a passion play in Which the authorparticipatBd.
Her emphasis on School drama is probably unique in collections of this nature, There is an account of the introduction of drama into the school curriculum. There are Several references to school productions, including the occasional attempt at Original Work. There is a preview of "Godspell' by St Peters College, which depended largely on improvisation and Collaboration by the schoolboys involved. She has also included an account of the Very successful festival of dramatised ballads organised among 10 schools by Wesley College and the Interact. Club. There are several references to school drama contests, such as the schools Shakespeare contestand the Schools. Sinhala drama Contest, and the opportunities this provide:S for developing talent. "Schools do mot Hawa a|| the Constraints of adult theatre and most of thern have reasonable stages of their own". (p. 122) Lastly, there are accounts of the many dramatisations and readings of classical texts organised by the English Association of Sri Lanka. Goonewardene Views these as excercses in understanding and interprétation.
Yasmin GöÖneratre Irı her forg Ward sees this collection as a natural development from the author's lifelong Commitment to the art of the theatre. She points Out that un till noW mothing substantial has yet been written or published about English language theatre in Sri Lanka, a phenomenon of unusual interest since it often achieves professional results with limited resources and actors who must perforce regard themselwes äsarTlateur". (pxiv). As an acclaimed actress, director arld Trainer, GOGrl Ewarderle Writes froTT) first hand experience, and it is this which provides authenticity to this work.

Page 23
Why there's sc in this rustic
There is laughter and light banter amongst these rural dansels who are lousy sorting out tobacco leaf in a barn. It is one of the hundreds of such barns spread out in the mid and upcountry inter II ediate zone where the arable land remains fallow during the off season.
Here, with careful nurturing, tobacco grows as a lucrative cash crop and the green leaves turn to gold... to the value of over Rs. 250 million or more annually, for perhaps 143,000 rural folk,
 

ENRCHINGRURAL LIFESTYLE
Dund of laughter tobacco barn.
Tobacco is the industry that brings employment to the second highest urber of people. And these people are the tobacco barr owners, the tobacco ETowers and those who work for them, on the lard and in the barns.
For them, the tobacco leaf means meaningful work, a comfortable life and a secure future. A good enough reason for laughter.
CeylonTobacco Co. Ltd.
Sharing and caring for our land and her people.

Page 24
PEOPLE
Celebrating T
C
Dynamic
In 1961 People's Bank ventured out in the of only 46... and a few hundred Customers
Today, just 30 years later
People Resource exceeds 1 Customer Listings at a sta Branch NetWork in exCeSS
in Sri Lanka
In just three decades People's Bank has g in the Sri Lankan Banking scene. Their spec resources at their Command dedicated
dedication that has earned them the title
PEOPLE'S BANK
Banker to the Millions

'S BANK
Three DeCades
f
: Growth
challenging World of Banking With a staff
0,000 ggering 5.5Million of 328, THE LARGEST
rown to become a highly respected leader ;tacular growth is a reflection of the massive to the Service of the Common man - a
"Banker to the Millions'