Page 1
SLFP CONVENTION CAN SRIMA DO AN
V J
LANKA
1 at
vol. 8 No. 2 March 1, 1986 Price Rs. 4.00
RAMBO
OUT, OUT!
SYNDROME 2
- Chris Reed
SPECIAL: U. S. Human Rights ab
Are the TULF demands Dismembering Peraden
Next Round in Phillip
Also: Ibsen’s Dolls Bhabani Sen Gupt Non-ethnic factors in
 
 
 
 
 

AOUINO 2- Mervyn de Silva
State Dept. on uses in Sri Lanka
too high — Romesh Fernando iya - Sri Kotha's
Secret War ines – Interview
with Satur Ocampo House in Sinhala, on Pakistan and our crisis, arms race

Page 2
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Page 3
COMMISSION ON
CORRUPTION
Sri Lanka may not be the Philippines but the timing of the official announcement that a Presider tid Carris Ffor Will Eye appointed soon to inquire into
a legations of corruption against ministers, MP's and State officers must have made specially interesting news to those Sri Lankans who have followed the extraordinary events in Manila. The Manacala ng Palace where Marcos and his Cranses sved it up for 20 years was under selge. Why?
Autocratie rule, yes; Intolerable living Conditions for a II but the affluent, yes. Yet Filipino andlysts put the stench of corruption' first. It was "unbridled corruption' that United disparate social and political forces, Includாg the upper E55, ராசி சாge sections of the business community and the professionals, and helped swell the ranks of the anti-Marcos opposition.
Benigno Aguino himself explained how the theory of a "trade off" between political 'stability' and 'development" collapsed when economic 'depression" Ciccompan sed "political repression'. And when mIsmundgement"Joinedי "חrruptioםcי "external recession' and di Listerity dit home, the reyolt could not be contained argued Prof. Walder Bello in a short St Lady of the political consequence of the IMFWorld Bank "stabilisation" program in the Philippines.
HOSPITAL STRIKES
The GMOA-ed doctors strike (Trends-LG Feb. ) has now been followed by a Walk-out by dentists and nurses. The Working class Lillors have been battered LLLH S S LLLLLLaLLLLLL S LLLL S SLLS SL SLLaL middle-class professionals who are risking their Jobs and defying the Emergency by making demands for higher sa laries. Inflation has driven them beyond the tolerable in its of hardship; it is the smell of high level corruption however td 5 Sickeed. Em to the point (of furio Luis mora | 0 LI - rage.
M. E. P.
l Is Dinash GL not his brother
detained for three the PTA, who rep
distinct Phases II career of his dist Philip. Ideological
IMOFe Trd FCd / EHijn bench but. Ils ad da-Buddhist inte be more Strider the average SLFP
His M. E. P. wo mEmber of the br LSSP-CP front.
783 violence, w, conflict became Issue iΠ Πατία Παl found himself. In LIncomfortable pos аІІІалсе, апd ter
CTO 5 y Агgшілg fог fiгme! the separatist th
sk ke SLFF extending the er month. Recently, tШwegama (CP) Oppositori voce emergency while WMEPS 55nedd. Drnesh Joined Sa
No".
ĞÜAR
Wol. 8 No. 2. ||
Price
PLIEosed foi
Lanka Guardian P
No. 24É, Ս|
COLOM||
Editor: Merv Telephone:

MOVE
na Wardend MP, Indika, now months under resents the two the political guished father, ly Dinesh is the SLFP front VoCacy of SinYre5t.5 Cdr (150 thdn that of parliamentarian.
5 Constituent Oad left SLFPAfter the July en the ethnic the dքminant Jolitics, Dinesh glyחcredsIחi חם ltum |ր լից ded to make it the SLFP.
ITES LF25 OT "edt, he voted "n 5սիքնrt of nergency each Sardth MutteWas the sone opposing the the SLFP did On Feb. 2, 'ath In voting
TRENDS LETTERS
Letter from Guyana
The only publication we get from Sri Lanka, on which we depend for the latest news, is the Lanka Guardian', and we appreciate your good coverage - especially on the
ethnic' front, Recently wrote a piece which I have called "In Foreign Soil", and I thought I'd send it to you for what it is Worth.
Shelgh Goonewardena Geогgetown, Guyana.
IN FOREIGN. SOIL
- The cars follow each other in an orderly line as they move slowly along the dry built-up track. On elther sido, canals of Water flow peacefully, a permanent legacy from the Dutch. The place is one that reflects and literally embraces many races - it is a cemetery in Guyana called La Penitence, a beautiful name, with lingering French grace.
The cars stop and people emerge from them to form a ragged procession. At the head of it, a father shoulder a small deep brown coffin, helped by three other men, his friends. The mother, supported by women and accompanied by three young children, comes behind
DIAN
March 1, 1986
RS-4. O
"tnightly by
ublishing Co. Ltd
mion Place,
BC) — 2.
rn de SI Iwa
도 7 또 B
CONTENTS
News Background 3
State Dept, on Human Rights in
ri Likā
Non-ethnic Causes of
Cur Crisis - II g
TULF Demands: Starting Point or
Bottom Line
Foreign News 3.
How the Arms Race Makes the
Poor World Poorer
Report on Pakistan -- II 19 Cat's Eyo 고|| The Rage of Rambo 23 Return from the North 2
Printed by Ananda Press, B25, Wolendhal Street, Casarbo 3. Telephone: 359 7.5

Page 4
them, her voice raised in grief and lamentation. A5, the first Waii | bursts from her, my nerves prick and tighten in response sending frissons of apprehension and poignant memory washing over my mind. Het distorted Sentence are in Tamil but one word is repeated like a refrain ... "Alyo...aiyo." - remember, it is the last word that came softly and almost resignedly from my mother's lips as she slipped into death's oblivion, while held her hand. My mother was a Dutch Burgher who thought and spoke in English. This woman is a Tamil and We are all bound together by a common heritage which is summoned up by one word of lament "a iyo", which as everyone knows, is a Sinhala Word.
The burial ground is a marsh and the path to the grave is uncertain. We tentatively pick our way over tufts of sodden grass and carefully avoid the barely hidden pools of water. The priest says some words of Christian hope and comfort in consigning the small coffin to the earth and commending the soul of a four year old girl to heaven. As the coffin is lowered into the gaping hole in the mud, both father and mother aro overwhelmed with fresh gusts of sorrow, and I have to bite my lips to keep them still. The faces around me mirror my feelings - some with lowered gaze and others staring straight ahead.
To keep my mind from dwelling on that tender child's body now permanently adrift in thick greybrown mud, I look around and above me. At the piercing blue sky - it is a lovely afternoon and the sun is shining brightly making the grass glisten emerald, and the foliage of trees and shrubs beyond a mass of a vivid, varing greens. The wreaths are colourful and tied with loops of delicate ribbon - all destined for the mud. A thought comes unbidden to my mind. Will the local urchins steal them as soon as we leave, as it happens at home at Kanatte, where we rip the flowers aud strew them now as a matter of course, to prevent that likely occurence?
But this is a foreign land and here We are Unknown and Unknow
Ing. Anything C foreign soil. Th palms confirms i very tall and th up at the top s sparse brushes : into the sky - n: ful luxuriant pa drooping fronds at home.
What has bro strange land ? M homeward to i Sr at the end of brings us closer But what of the their youngest ci may families wh here to show their They are Tamils their homeland a and to make ne futures. They w by fear and despa reviving hope. B grief, there is ni: a new land. De we all live peace our own land, an comes, be laid friendly soil of ou
嵩
INCOR STATE
In Amaradasa F ting plece about says Mrs. Vivien (sic) was a formel of Local Administr; Enne Goon awardal She was Parliam to the Minister and Local Govern tary Secretaries (though incorrectl
Ministers. They Ministers. -
When a clock one does not thirteenth stroke one doubts the
clock's statement. Mr. Fernando's ar of 5e Wera I more TTT ELS
... (Mrs. Goonaw ded damages in F
2. The Cabinet up (sic) the dam:

an happen - it is e line of coconut t. The trans are e Palms grow right hooting out like ticking Inelegantly it like those gracelms with there which we know
ught us to this y family still looks Lanka, and exults ach Tomth that to going home. family who lost ı ild today and so 0 arte gathered " Unity In sorrow 2 Who hawe left nd Come to a ney Whome and new Bere driven here Er and Eames With Lut in a time of Consolation in Іг God, whу сап"t ifully together in d when the time LC Fũšt || 1 th= r native country 2
肇
RECT MENTS
ernando's IntergsMcCarthyism he 1e Gunawardena Deputy Minister tion." Mrs. Wy ia Was new er this. ntary Secretary f Horne Affairs ment. Parliaman were popularly ) called Junior "ere not Deputy
strikes thirteen st Ignore the 35 a mistake; entirety of the A close look at cle yields a crop in corre CE state
rdena) was awar
10,000.
decided to pay
되..
3. The assai lant Promoted to the Iпspectoг.
4. Rev. Dharamitipola Ratnasara,... was arrested by the SP Gampaha.
5. ...for possession and distribution of anti-government leaflets.
6. The Supreme Court dismissed the case.
7. The Cabinet decided to pay the fine.
The facts are as follows:
I. The Supreme Court found the arrest of Mrs. G. was unlawful and ordered the government to pay her Rs. 2,500 as compensation. The Court ordered the GP to conduct further inquiries and take appropriate action in accordance With the law.
2. There was no damages order against the police officer.
3. The assailant sergeant was not promoted. The sub-inspector who unlawfully arrested Mrs. G was promoted.
4. Deramitipola Ratna sara Thero Wā5 r. Ort attested.
5. The literature was not anti -government literature' as such but a pamphlet against the referendum proposal to extend the life of Parliament.
6. The Supreme Court did not dismiss the case. It was not a police case against the monk; it Was a private plaint by the complainant monk against the SP filed under Section 26 of the Constitution. Damages of Rs. 10,000 plus costs Were awarded to the Complainant monk against the SP.
7. There was no fine; what the cabinet decided to pay were the damages and costs payable by the SP.
Elsewhere Mr. Fernando writes that Dr. Oppenheimer was relieved of his job Because he was said to be a calculated risk." I think I will take a calculated risk and assert that what he intended to Write was 'security risk". When incorrect averments are published in a prestigious paper and go uncontradicted they tend to acquire the status of established fact.
R. M. Pathiran
Sergeant was rank of sub
Colombo. 4
:ே விர தசgg 5)

Page 5
SLFP CONFERENCE
Recovery
regis
opportunity m
Mervyn de Silva
hey came in their thousands from the corners of the island. They cheered lustly, and returned
home. The SLFP, divided and demoralised, had now recow Gred its spirit and will. It was now
back in business.
The party conference after a lapse of several years registered the successful recovery of a party that had known nothing but trials of all sorts these past eight years.
Yes, it was a success. And yet, a success can fall far short of a triumph because something is missing, something Wital - the fire the sparkle, the electrifying
CITETE
In politics that moment arrives
when a leader or a political movement, through instinct or Intelligence, reads the mind of
the masses with unerring accuracy, strikes exactly the right chord, and catches, to change metaphors, history on the wing.
The SLFP. Has dones that ore before in 1956. A party founded only five years earlier reduced the mighty UNP to a humbling eight seats. (JR's UNP had its revenge in 1977).
What is the mood of the people today. They are confused, helpless, angry, bitter, desperatethey wait for the word, for the slightest sign of hope, the light at the end of the dark, labrythine tunnel. They wait for a strong injection of confidence and hope. The anti-UNP forces Wait for unity, for direction, for a rallying cry.
True, the established par than three d. alternative to a minimum пatioпаІ vote, electorate. On It has a forty
Իվonetheless, : the widow of Prime Minister B. for Ward to We mantle and Bear and burdens o' Mrs. Bandaranalike came tha SLFP's The irony is th: Cadtes hawe not this, or having u not drawn the planning current greater irony an Bandaranaike her known intuitive Canny instinct to mind, has failed basic fact.
Having falled SLFP High Comm пајke included what the people Thoment in the country demand moment, the pec to hear about Pro, Policies — all tha
Wrong Medicin
Who cares w Willi have a mli a not-5O lixed mixture not als old medicine fo the island's e and parliamen that is almost bed. Who War Ehler (EHE Free "

tered,
issed
SLFP is a We II ty - for more !cades the only the UNP. It has of 30% of the a third of the
the ascendent,
percent reach.
intg |Գ50 when the assassinated Indaranaike stepped at the husband's the responsibilities F political office, !, the person begreates asset. At the SLFP's top yet understood nderstood it, hawe right l'essons in strategy. The d pity is that Mrs. Gelf for a II her skills and unread temaks to appreciate this
to do so, the and, Mrs. Bandaradid not realise in this particular history of this most. At this ple do not want grams, manifestos, It can Wait.
hether the SLFP Xed economyor | economy or the
before That's r a patientlectoral politics tary system -
on its deathits to know wheTrade Zone will
BACKGROUND
be continued or not, or whether private bus transport will be allowed and that the SLFP will have a "comprehensive plan for rural development'. That's lukeWarrn tea, nikan thay ! True, It's important to know that the Prices of infant milk foods and drugs wi II be reduced. Two cheers ! !
But for a II that, a i free and fair election" has to be held.
What the SLFP has not yet grasped is that the politics of this country has almost irreversibly changed. The main challenge, indeed the only challenge, is to see that what seems irreversible is hated. It was changed by the 1978 constitution and what followed; and it has been more deeply (but less obviously) attered by the
War". If the War" does not end, What elections are We talking about ? After a II, the
SLFP does not seriously expect
the UNP to hold elections with a war on ? Why, even the British Government post
poned elections during the war!
OPO
Since this elementary fact has
蠶 escaped the minds of the SLFP (and some in the SLFP camp, to the great delight of
the UNP, are actually cheering the war effort!) It is not un natural that they think in terms of the 'old' politics, speaking the familiar idiom of that političs and mechanically going through the ceremonial routine of the pastmanifestos, programs, etc. etc. To anybody even vaguely conversant with Third World politics, such traditional ceremonies' can only look like a sour joke

Page 6
And that's the final irony, It was always the SLFP that was far more alive to the nature and style of Third World politics, not the UNP. Now the UNP is already advancing towards the 1990's While the SLFP is breathlessly pursuing it at the pace of the 1960's
Does the SLFP Politburo or whatever, seriously imagine that in the post-JR transition, the UNP leadership and its powerful local big business backers and
their foreign patrons are ready to hand over the reins of government just for the asking or out of love for "democracy"? If so, the SLFP politburo de serves a President's
Award next year for intellectual
O Cerce.
So, i MI5. Bandaranalika Was ab
solutely, right in placing the single demand that she has been so tirelessly making these past weeks up and down the country. Bus will she recieve a positive answer on a plate? Election? It so, when?
And thus, Mr:5, herself was the author of the final irony, the ultimate lapse.
Right at this moment the eyes of the world are focussed On one Country - the Philippines. On Centre stage, like a Contemporary Joan of Arc or Boadicea, is a woman, the widow of an assasinated Senator until recently the great white hope of all Filipinos who want the
restoration of democracy after
20 years under dictatorial and autocratic rule and martial law: Согу Aqшіпо.
In Bangladesh, another widow of yet another murdered leader is making the same demand from a martial law administrator. In Pakistan, the widow and daughter of a prime minister hanged by the man whom he appointed chief of Staff, started a process which has now forced Zia to instia || a. "fake' parliament. In South Africa Winnie Mandela is leading her people against a racist garrison state in the name of her imprisoned husband.
Can Mrs. B. follow their path?
Bandaranalike ||
That question may well decide the Politics of Sri Lanka in the foreseable futura.
*
The Unit
SRI K 'Protr:
he Political
many countri uni Er of radical agitat centres of lear administrations i before independe this basic prejudic has displayed its Universities, and respect for the more openly and the present UNE hatred of free e pathological. Th that a child fror middle class fa Uniwersity educat the first hopefu advancement sae strata of the UNF dsgust.
Strangely such tility is not refle ment:5 of Preside minister. It appe; COf L I reסship and m Supportive elite.
The very first s WhIch the emiment Prof. Gahanath C ceton described as if the Institutio Ca! Wiolence" | 5u road in 1977, the government. trators Were gra into Euses that party headquarte beaten up, (Unf House reporter for an undergrad to the actio 15 c EBT5.
It is no surpris "free education", of the universiti pri Wa Elisation of haye been priori policy.

versities
OTHA’S
acted War'
Establish ment in es often look upon Lur Welcomics arnas on than health st allסוחIng. Alח h this Island, even Ince, hawa shared ce. But no regime aոtipathy to the its total lack of University ideal shamelessly than government. Its ducation' is almost Ie mere thought in a poor or lower mily can receive ion and thus take | step to social Tis to Fil Certain with ii || — concealed
deep-seated hosCted in the stateit JR or his prime ars to be a sickness hiddle-rung leader. so to the UNP's
ign of that process i Sri Lankan scholar, beysekera of Prin
in this journal ialization of politifaced on Thurstan the first year of
Student demonsEbed and forced drove straight to rs and merci lessly ortunately, a Lake who was is taken La t0 Was Witness f the new gaulei
e that undermining and the break-up as along with the higher education ty items of UNP
The latest mowo is to dismember' Peradeniya, internationally the most
reputed of our campuses. The awowed am Is to Ta-moud Paradeniya in an Oxbridgean image!
But the LSSP in a scathing indictment of the plan has laid bare its real objectives. In a press statement, the LSSP cites Werbatim the relevant excerpts from an official document dated 8th Jan. 1986. In it, the authors of the new plan declare their lofty objective: Therefore a de-centralised scheme for the university is being planned in keeping with the situation of Oxbridge'.
And why Oxbridge? The document is once again frank on its concerns. The Students of the University have no dialogue with the people of Kandy".
So, the faculties of Agriculture, Medicine, Engineering Humanities, and Arts will be dispersed-Kandy, Katugastota, Digama, Gannoruwa. etc. And the Institute of Fundamental Studies will move into the Peradeniya campus, and along with it, the High Court, the Kachcheri, the District Courts etc.
The LSSP is absolutely clear about what it is all about. It views these "proposals as part of a sinister and deliberate scheme to undermine the system of free Education". It is also, states the LSSP, part of the move to substitute private Higher Educational Institutions for the State-assisted University Act. No. 7 of 1985".
The hand of totalitarianism is now stretching, as in so many Countries, to the arena of learning" Warns Sri Lanka's oldest political
.tyחHם
Dons Oppose
On a more subdued note, a high-level committee of Peradeniya dons has also called on the government to defer the decision. The

Page 7
Committee, chaired by Professor Shelton Kodi kara, consisted of Professor C. R. de Silva (Dean), Prof. L. W. Jayatleka, Prof. Hiran Dias, Mrs. Chandra Ranaraja, Dr. Nihal Karuna ratne and Mr. C. G. Abeykoon.
The committee found nothing objectionable in the "concept of a university township" provided it did not damage academic life, the integrity of the campus, the university's traditions.
The Committee recommended the development of the university as a Peradeniya township rather than the much larger Kandy township. The idea of a student deste to "develop linkages" with the Kandy public is a mistake. The students place a greater value on "developing linkages among their fellow students, from other faculties and other disciplines and building closer links with the faculty".
D.
Letter
Political Freedom
While thanking you for publishing my article on fascism and McCar. thyism' may point out that the "great Marxist leader" whom spoke of in the concluding paragraph was Rosa Luxemburg. She said: "Freedom for supporters of the government only or for members of one party - however numerous they may he - is no freedom at all for the one who thinks differently. Not because of any fanatical concept of "justice' but a II that is instructive, wholesome and purifying in political freedom depends on that special characteristic, and its effectiveness wanishes when 'freedom" becomes a special privilege".
As I said Rosa Luxemburg disagreed with both Lenin and Trotsky on this subject.
May I also point out that "The ಟ್ಗian Act" Was dated 1752 mot
Amaradas a Fernando
because
ETHNIC ISS
J. R. :
In content ar. different from a to Parlament" said senior MP" The speech was any introductor official language speech, an addr Court, observe Wart. If it and Jayawardene the documents p after Thimpu by Wardene PC an and the address te Tinational Court dience, anyway the World.
i Future di on the basis
Slaugh
tIngחuסוח The deaths in the in the Wanton carrying refuge Serum Lu Wara fur urgent need fo political solutior conflict states Issued by the L S.L.M.P.
The Release of combatants be deplored: b. the slaughter Corribattant Tamil
"Meanwhile, t ווחסחסing for Ec
"A5 We hawe this is a war

UE here
d style, it was ny other Address by President JR, from both sides. English, without y words in the It is a lawyer's ess to the Appeal | Opposition 5 talwas "Jayawardene ' (an allusion to repared before and Dr. H. W. Jayahis lawyers' team was - to tan Int". A foreign au- to Delhi and
ussions must be if the draft terms
stand
of the accord and undertanding (working 蠶" initialled in Delhi on Aug. 30 1985.'
Sri Lanka will not re-open any talks on the so-called four cardinal principies" of the Tamils: nationality, an identified homeland, right of self-determination and the right to full citizenship by all Tamils.
Meeting the new Indian argument about "the unity and territorial integrity of India' (see LG. Feb. 15) - a reference to the possible impact of the Sri Lankan issue on Delhi Madras relations - President JR said the unity of India and Sri Lanka are cephemeral".
ter must stop
number of tragic battles in Jaffna and attack on a vehicle es in Dehiwatte, ther point to the pr a , peaceful and 1 of the worsen ing i joint Press release ..S.S.P., C.P. and the
adds: The deaths In a II sides are to It specially tragic is of innocent non|5 and Sinhalese,
he country is headc and political ruin.
pointed out before in which all are
- SLIMP – LSSP - CP
losers and through which the count try Will be destoryed.
This slaughter must stop. We call upon the fighters and the Government to end this intolerable situation. Let them recognise the fact that their is an ethnic problem to be solved. Let them recognise that the solution must be reached on the basis of ensuring the integrity of the nation and the unity of the country.
"Let the will of all who are revolted by the killings, the destruction and the unbearable tensions generated by the conflict prevail. Let that will prevail in order to bring about a peaceful political solution that will enable all cornmunities to live together in peace."
5

Page 8
The Black Knight range of men's toiletries includes a tal C,
a cologne, an after shawe, hai Titolic and Hilir. CITET.
They're distinctively different. And totally masculine,
LLLLHCLL aH SS S LLC MMLCLLL LL aMLCCLLH LCLaaCLC LLLMLS
 

Ħ||5||1. sis||sos
It's totally masculine.

Page 9
U. S. STATE DEPT. HUMAN RIGHTS IN
SECTION
Respect for integrity of the Person, including Freedom
from:
a Political Kil
The death to North and East,
Iing
mostly in the from politically
motivated violence arising from the
communa conflict
Tose again in
1985. The Government estimated that 1,078 persons were killed due
to ethnic Wolence. were civilians, 75
Of these 885 police, and 18
members of the ared forces.
Continuing violence
punctuated by a
the year was number of particu dents of violence
throughout
larly serious inciby both sides.
While conclusive evidence is often lacking, the following are instances
in which security
attacked innocent civilians.
forces allegedly On May
9, after a land mine explosion the
previous day in major was killed army patrol
which an army members of an
allegedly killed 43
young Tamil males in Wel wetlittura
on the Jasna Penin Sula.
On May
15, a ferry enroute to the Jaffna Peninsula was stopped and 26 Tamils Were killed by a group of men armed with knives and blunt instruments; su Twi'w or 5 of the attack claim to have recognized several of their attackers as members of a nearby
Sri Lankan mawa | the basis of a inquiry, the Gover tell tatt that na wal Im"Լյի E է,
Per5O
MeTEers
detach ment; on high-lewe nawa | nment has repor
there was no evidence
nnel had been of the local
home guards were identified by su rwiwors as the perpetrators of an
incident on June 3
out5ide of Trini
comalee on the east coast in which a bus was stopped and 13 Tam II
Pa SS engers Were
August 6, near Vavuniya in
north central part
Ilebers of an had escaped injury explosion moments
dead. On the of the country,
shot
army patrol who
from a landline earlier allegedly
under took reprisals against nearby
TarTill ciwillian 5,
reportedly killing
as many as 100 people. The Govern
met initiate all i
quiry and repor
ted that 2 wEr reinforcements a եւ HELed without It was taking against the of the reinforcemen 5 four policem the east coast when a lindmin their jeep. Acci. Police subsequen T1||1=- ICCāl Clựllia
In the few c. tigations have security forces perly, the Gover ined that it Wa: adequate eviden It ha 5 instead idea administratively. CETI ET1 Wеге iny," " andוחסחIE plinary proceed conducted agains of the security implicated in su deat Hi5 of Tam|| til Lura i in May : August.
ם וסוח 1585 חI
years, TamiІ п Ciwilia 15 in additi forces. Typicall
of collaborating ment Were tied or telephone P. noting their all then shot. Acco ment figures, 6 || is le. assassinated sewer bers of Jaffna's
ncluding a sch two former Tcl for allegedy bel cău.5e of Tami were also respo the explosives w destroyed most express train from killing 29 soldie
Tails attacked Jaffna and Manna respectively, ki || police. On May 3 a nawal base, an
 

ON
SRI LANKA
e killed when army rriving on the scene restraint," and that disciplinary action icer in charge of 5. Or No Weber Berli yere killed in town of Batticaloa a detonated under 3rding to witnesses, tly shot and killed
5.
ises in which invesrevealed that the have acted improIIIIlent la 5 maintaLuna.Ele to Obam Ce CO POTOS ECLI te. It with misbehavior In 1985 four servi"discharged with inquiries or disciings were being t other members y forces allagedy ch Incidents as the
civilians in Welvetund in Wavunya in
: than in previous
lilitants targetted on to the security y Tam is accused
With the Governstסק קa lam סt ole with a sign eged Crime, and rding to GovernTami|5 Weste ki ||gd The militants also -inent memוחםrקal" Tamll Community, bol principal and bers of parlament, Ing traitors to the Eelam. Militants nsible for setting hich on January 19 of the Ya Dewi Jaffna to Colombo, 5 and civilians.
police stations in r in April and May ling close to 50 guerrillas attacked y camp, andוחar
a police station on the Jaffna Peninsula.
Whereas most previous attacks against civilians had been directed against members of their own ethnic community, Tamil militants on May 4 attacked Sinhalese civilians in and near the ancient Sinhalese capital of Anuradhapura, killing 45 persons, including 2 women and 14 children. It is widely believed that this LLLLLL LL LLCLLLLLLLLH LLLHHLHCK LCLLKS tion for the alleged killing of 43 oung Tamil males in Welvettitural y army personnel 5 days earlier. Tamil militants are also credited With attacks on the Eastern Province village of Namalwat te on November 7. In Which || 0 || Sinhalles en civillar 15 were killed and an attack on September 16 on the Buddhist temple in Thirukuna madu, also in the Eastern Province, in which 2. Buddhist priests and 3 pilgrims were shot dead,
b. Disappearance
Although no accura te statistics are available reported disappearances rose du ring 1985. There were a number of reports of the disappeагапce of youпg TamН males who had been arrested and taken in for question ing by the security forces. In a practice once limited mostly to the Jaffna Peninsula, police and military patrols operating in the north-central and eastern coasta parts of the country also began making large-scale arrests and detentions of young Tamil males as the Insurgency spread to those areas. Amnesty International estimated in Octobert that 80 such det i flees had "disappeared" in recent months." Some of those detained were later discovered by their families to be in detention at police stations or in army detention camps. Others. Haye mot Egen found. In severa instances, relatives or organizations seeking information about the missing say they were told the il diwidual had lewer Eben artested or had been released and departed for terrorist training outside the country, or had been
7

Page 10
shot while trying to escape. The Government estimated that 60 ciwilians and members of the security forces were abducted by Tamil militants and are presumed to have been killed. The most prominent case of disappearance in 1985 involved Father Mary Bastian, a Tamil Catholic priest in the western coastal Mannar area. On January 5-6, an army patrol searching for guerrillas opened fire in the vicinity of his church
reportedly killing eight persons' According to som c eyewitnesses" among those killed was Fr. Bastian'
His body was never found and a government investigation reportedly failed to find evidence that security forces had killed him. At year's end, sewen Sinha lese Pilgrims trawelling to a Catholic shrine in northwestern Sri Lanka were reportedly abducted by militants; their whereabouts Termain UnknoWT).
c, Torture and Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
The Constitution guarantees that "no person shall be subjected to torture or cruel inhuman or degrading treatmentor punishment" and in 1982 the government submitted to the UN a Lumi lateral declaration opposing the use of LOTEL TE
There have been persistent reports of torture or ill treatment by military and police of persons detained under the Prewention of Terrorism Act, Amnesty International published a special report in October on torture in Sri Lanka. The report cites affidavits submitted by alleged wictims, as well as statements by doctors who claim to have treated
the victims and said that they were able to corroborate their allegations of ill treatment. The
Amnesty International report noted that torture wictims are most often those detained for political offense5, either Tadica ||giftist Sinhalese or Tails accused of colaborating with the separatists, The Government states that, because the alleged victims are not identified in the report, it is unable to respond to specific allegations of torture or to pursue inquiries into individual casas.
B
Amnesty Interna
et usually occurs i or police station reported in prison criminals are he ment ha 5 stated officers have be causing physical in police CLI stody
Prison conditio are not good, pi trial detention c. which are old a In prisons for co however, there : ing. The Gower| construction of which is schedul in several years.
d. Arbitrary A or Exile
The Const LLitic no person "shall Cept according tC blished by law" arrested Person r of the also W|Լիlm 14 հնար person must be magistrate who m or for serious c detentiоп, А 5 detained up to withՃաt Eail, Lյr 50 TL e5. Perso Crimina || offe5e5 || זקוחus Iםrigorיי סE labor) under V compelled to wo
Thitse as a E norma rules for : under the energ OT LITH " the Pro
TOT ETT ACE U emergency, first
983 and renow parliament - since dem Tessus C emergency regula notification. The
extraordinary pow to use preventi per5ons : 5 LI5 Pecte| Comit ofense.5 individuals suspe committed a W Crime 5. Detaine E emergen CW regu held for up to 9 of the Attorne) Which tling the

|tional also alleged int of detainees in military camps s, but is rarely is, where regular ld. The Govern
that no police em Convicted of harm to persons
5 in Sri Lanka rticularly in preenters, many of
ind overcrowded. nvicted prisoners, 5 Le55, Owe T.TOYWnment has begun
а пеw pгi 5 сап 2d for completion
Irrest, Detention
in SCiPLi lates that be arrested exprocedure estaand that an
Tu5t: Egea informed for his arrest. 's an arrested
brought before a hay authorize bail
res, continued uspect may be three months
longer if a court ls convicted of Thay be sentenced 'Isonment" (hard which they are rk.
ceptions to the a person detained ency regulations a ention of Terer the 5 tite of declared in May 'ed monthly by then, the Presiach month the tions by gazette
regulations give vers to the police We detention on d of planning to
O " 10 "35 cted of having ide variety of is under these
lations can be 0 days on orders - General, after sus Pect Tlust be
produced before a magistrate. The magistrate is not empowered to investigate the case, but under the regulation he "shall' remand the detainee to a prison, where he can be held indefinitely. Ball may be granted at the discretion of the Government.
LSL S LLKCCLLLLL S LHL S S LLLLLLLHHLLLLH Act (PTA) provides that any persom arrostad Lunder this law must be produced before a magistrate within three days unless the Minister of National Security orders the suspect to be detained for a period of three months. Such an order may be renewed for a period of up to 8 months. The LCLLLHHL S L S SaaaaLLaLHHL S LL LLLLLLLLS aLLL in this order; detainees do not have the same rights as other prisoners regarding visits by family, access to lawyers, food and other conditions of incarcera
C.
The PTA and energency regulations were used extensively in 1985 to detain large numbers of persons, mostly Tamil youths, especially in the north and east. The Government has reported it arrested 1,878 persons under the PTA. COf those 880 had been released at year's end. According
to local human rights activists, there were 55 detainees, as of November, who had been held without charges under the PTA
for mare than the legally Permissi b|| ||B months. In five Cases, the Gower rent chose to redetain them under the energency regulations. The others were to be released, but at year's end only eight of the 50 had been released and one charged under the PTA; the other 4 remained in custody.
Several observers reported that a common practice of the security forces is to round up all young men between the ages of 16 and 35 within about a square mile radi Lu 5 of the si Ea of a to TITTISE incidet, Tho5e de Eāli ned under the PTA are questioned and some are released, while others are taken LLLLLL S S LLLLL LLLLaLHH SLLLLLLSS LaLLLLLCL may write to the Defense Ministry and ask that the case of their family member be reviewed. The review is conducted by a three
(Continued on page 5)

Page 11
PART II
Non-ethnic ca, of our crises
Dr. Mervyn D. De Silva (Former Adviser, Ministry of Plan
hose strutting the corridors of power never raflect the probable repercussions to their actions. At that time the corridors of power were overcrowded with foreign aid missions, foreign and local industrial collaborators, representatives of non-governmental organisations of all descriptions, hordes of expatriate nationals, foreign experts, and the usual supporters and cross overs - all falling over each other in offering generous support. They did not Fealise that politically motivated actions against leaders could undermine public faith in and respect for, the law of the country.
(*) Political machination:
When the civic rights of the leader of the SLFP or the Sinhala Section of the opposition Were removed, questions began to be raised about the legality of her continuance as the leader of that party and the government used the situation advantageously to sponsor a split in the party.
(xi) Solid foundation for
Lawlessness:
The disruption of the opposition was celebrated as a victory for the ruling party Little realising that such i public displays can gravely warp the atittudes of men. Nor was it recognised that a II the double talk, double standards, and double crossing, by the leaders could damage any respect for all codes of decent behavior and conduct.
The conduct of the people in power influence the thinking of the people at all levels, and therefore they can be accused of being collectively responsible for the loose discipline prevailing in the country today'.
Implementation)
(xii) Political P
Whild the ex of tha SLFP erhi: of the Header (Tamil), the obsť party to destroy nuedo relentlessily Il cised opisode ab of their headquart concern" for a after in the first over the keys the splinter part that puzzled and пагy people,
5. THE TIDA CORRUPTI
(i) The range:
With acceler and huge invest
fronts tee allegations of a missions, briber the award of it of gold bars, jur abroad for hench un just a PPoint posts for re. SUPP Crite TSR a P] qualified perso esta Elished ter life styles that by the known assets originally ticians and the new administrat augean stables տight.
(ii) Glaring ar
Of the many the חסcorrupti daring is the Ca of parliament

S€S
isychopaths:
it of the leader Anced the position }f the opposition assion of the ruling the SLFP com tiThe much pubbut the acquisition ers, out of 'sheer breach of peace, է Instance handing to the leader of y, are all actions shocked the ordi
WAWE OF יום
ited development ment progra ITS ON arose never en ding :ceptance of Comy, malpractices in enders, smuggling kets and joy rides men and relatives,
ments, diplomatic ations of party pointment of un
n5 : Contrar Y LO 5 of recruitent annot be explained earning power and
owned. The pot
bureaucrats of the ion had created an With o HeTCLI es in
its
reports of alleged st glaring andסוח
se of the member who was allegedly
caught smuggling gold bars. But, how did the government so ded - cated to eliminating corruption react? Was'nt democracy made a mockery of when it removed the member, but appointed his sister 2
The new device of appointing members of parliament to fill vacancies, and shuttling them from constituency to constituency, has made a joke of the democratic process. If this is how those intrusted with the government of this country react to corruption, what can be expected from the people, the younger generation? in the current wave of lawlessness
it is obvious that the people concerned are following the examples given and standards set
by their leaders who have thrown honestry, sincerity, and morality to the winds for the sake of money, the all powerfull God of Sri Lanka.
(iii)
When top-rank politicians are removed from office for alleged connections with tender malpractices and then, after a short period of Purgation are given equally high posts, the ideals of intergrity in public life are torn down. Can these ideals be inculcated in the minds of the People, particularly the younger generation who perhaps in desperation are taking to drugs. The time has come to purge our political and social systems of all its injustices, dishonesty, hypocrisy and insincerity bу һаўing a free and fair general Election so that the people can select their representatives without interference as in the pre1977 days.
High post for corrupt:

Page 12
5. POLITICS SANS HONESTY
(1) PR system:
When the government assurned power in 1977 it promised the people a new constitution and amendment of the election laws for conducting elections on the Proportional representation basis. However, before long faced with the prospect of having to encounter a stronger opposition if elections Were held Under this wery syster, elections were abandoned and a referendum to extend the life of the 1977 parliament expiring in
August 1983 was conducted in December 1982 on the phony claim of Imagined. Naxalites.
(ii) Presidential system and
reversa:
One of the reasons advanced for adopting the Gaullist Presidential system was to have a strong Executive head of state. It was argued that since the elections to office of the latter takes place 6 months after the general elections, the transfer of power would be made without post election violence. Accordingly, the general elections were to be held in July 1983 and the Presidential elections in February, 1984.
By 1982 however, the economic conditions in the country began to deteriorate rapidly and inflation increased exponentially. In fact the government's own mentor, the World Bank, predicted severe financial strains by the end of 1983 and the beginning of 1984, the due date for the Presidential elections.
Although the government had a life of ona and a half years more, and the Incumbent President 2 years, it seemed politically expe. dient to hold elections in 1982 when the people were still enrapt in the magic of consumerism and the open market economy,
The announcement of 1982 as election year at first shocked the people and led them to suspect a catch. It gawe rise to much discussions on the mechanics of
O
the transfer of presidential systi
Would there parliament and President, who defeated party? וesfחt pחbeוחIncu ing of the Cab formed by the not his own W in case he for exclusively from of his own party was the suggestic may have to HOLu 5:e if ho T With a 5. Elt from the decision to rew and hold the Pr in Octobor " General Election
In this case
dissolved and parliament will W|| || hawe acce:
machinery.
(III) The Preslic
With that d longed sermon5 ceivable platfor in praise of th was forgotten. tחeוחחVerסthe g saw the wide aching and prac
With the Wł disarray, their bankrupt. Wit
parlament stil wielding that P ton, the Tesult was a foregone was solid and
backing for t and the shared A Ministries W. a total cof trol od a major role.
of a the ol last minute ca sition candidate: fight and bare
իim 5ւմ է||d thiը

power under the
e a USS le bo Weer
the incumbent may belong to the How could the et Chaita Tetnet of insters majority party and What would happen ed a cabinet drawn the minority group ? And then there on that parliament Storm President
efused to resign
in the air, like a Blue care the
rse the Sequence esidential electi O15
782, before the
S.
alliam eTE E Tot
the Telbers of
hold power and 55 to government
ential elections:
lecision, the pro
from every con I in defense and a new PR system The credibility of eroded when they gap between preti.
ole opposition In party organisations the members of - in power and ower at the elec5 of thը Election conclusion. There abundant financial he ruling Party interest groups. ent into full gear, F mass media played However, inspite Hds against the Indidate the oppo: put on a Waliant ly lost and with
people.
(iv) Referendum or Tribal War:
The referendum was held in December 1982, to decide on the extension of parliament that expired 6 months from that date, for a period of 6 years. The opposition did not get even breathing space to assemble its forces. The Ima 55 es did not under Stand the significance of the referendum.
They were puzzled as to why the leader of the SLFP, unable to contest the presidential elections, could can was at the referendum. They were all confused, but hesitantly surrendered to the assaults on democracy as they were aware that the principle, the end Justifies the means was a basic tenet accepted and Practiced by the ruling party.
(V) Government Group
Silenced:
Just prior to the referendum, undated letters of resignation were given by the elected representatilwes of parlament including the Prime Minister, to the President The purpose of these letters ostensibly was to unable the President to remove members wanting in their Stewardship. What is sigificant is that in terms of the law that existed at that time. when an MP resigned his seat no by-election was possible, and the General Secretary of the party to which the MP belonged nominated a person of the party's choice to fill such vacancy. Thus, the MP elected by the majority of the people was to be removed by the hierarchy of his party and another appointed in his place, not by the will of the people.
What a commentary on the quality of the members of parliament who willingly relinquished their powers in exchange for a continued 6 year period.

Page 13
TULF DEMANDS: S1 POINT OR BOTTOM
Romesh Fernando
"More than any other independent state in South Asia, Sri LLCLLL LLL LLaaH Sa S HHLL In a more complete sense than חd חgחטIere ggggrgphIcgI expressIח
artificial administrative entity."
A. J. Wilson
Sri Lanka: A Survey 1977
A. a response to the working Paper prepared by H. W. Jayawardane and Romesh Bhandhari last September the TULF has submitted a set of proposals which they hope would form the basis of a filla Settle lent to the National Question. But unfortunately some of their key demands are rather Lurrealistic and hawe na likelihood of falling within a Sin
pp. 8l
(ed.) K. M. de Silva
halese consensus on the ethnic issue. A closer examination of these proposals will make clear
what is actually at stake,
The TULF wants Sri Lanka to be a Union of States, that is a Federal State. This is a unique demand since the principle of federalism is usually applied to Unite - 5e Perate en tities into a sin
gle nation. If We consider example from World history there are nations such as Canada, India,
Switzerland and Yugoslavia which have achieved unity and integrity by the federal principle to weld together diverse ethnic groups previously separated. What is needed in Sri Lanka is a devolution of power from the Centre
to the Provinces to enable the people of the areas and the Various Communit les to enjoy a
measure of autonomy.
In order to grant this there is no need for the Unitary nature of the Constitution to be changed. Provincial Councils can be estab. shed by an amendment to the Constitution while 02X200U Lil Woe, legislative and Judicial powers can be delegated to the Provinces by a simple Act of Parliament. But to withdraw such powers Parliament should be able to enact law
and Such a 5u thirds majority, (which was 5 Lug Lankan govern Com Stit LI tioa | hawe genuine P and yet retain of the State. from a Unitary (since it is a would require : wide referendur it is CD "CIT ETH the people will of a Federal S
They also w and Eastern pric predominantly CCTGLIELIta og State, BLE ulli the demarcation linguistic basis in diversity, Would only enc ration. In India two lingu Estic Tamil Nadu - 15 principle were Lanka it would linguistic states anda Tali Sta be mutually an Would lead to the East by domination). Si count for only ulationקסק the also be an inju and Simhalese II
FOT STi Lank to folloW Youli languages and tE zerland (four la two Cantons) an languages and existing provinc be made use while the port: should be under Since provincial be a uniform through the is be used to just later date. As haya algo bot

TARTING
LINE 2
res only by a two By this device gested to tha Sri ment by Indian exparts) We can rovincial autonomy the unitary nature Also the transition to a Federa. SLite Fundamental change) approval at a nationI. In such an event at the majority of | reject the idea State.
Northern winces, which are Tam II speaking to
Tamil linguistic ke in India, were of states on a has achieved unity in Sri Lanka it ourage further sepathere are twenty
at the
states of which ole. But If this applied to Sri
result in only two a Sinhalese state te, which would tagonistic. Also it the domination of the North (Jaffna Ce the Tam is ac
forty percent of in the East it would stice to the Muslims .ceחוwסthat pr זו
better examples be Canada (two in provinces), SwitIguages and twenty d Yugoslavia (three
six regions). The |al boundaries can of in Sri Lanka,
area of Trincomalee a central authority. autonomy would measure extending land it cannot be Eify separation at a the UNP and SLFP h indicated their
opposition to the North-East marger this is also the Sinha lese Consensus on the issue.
The TULF further advocates that the membership of parliament should reflect the ethnic proportions of the country. They also want special provisions to ensure the representation of Muslims and Tamils of recent Indian origin who do not occupy contiguous areas." These proposals we may note, are a retrograde step in the development of our political institutions. They have their roots In the reactionary demands for communal representation, by the Tamil leadership during British colonial rule which climaxed in the absurd fifty-fifty demand of G. G. 醬
But since the introduction of the second Republican Constitution of 1978 we find that a just method of adequate communal representation has been un conciously introduced making explicit ethnic quotas in Parliament obsolete and un necessary. This has been achieved by the system of proportional representation which Wil|| Ee the electoral method at the next general election. By this new system a more balanced representation in interests (communal and political) will be achieved, which was not the case in the earlier first past the post Tethod'. The result would be that Sinhalese and Muslims in Tamil areas as well as Indian Tamils in Kandyan areas (even those who do not occupy contguous areas) will be given proper parlamentary representation.
Constitutional provisions to make Tamil an officia I language is yet another of their major demands. Since 1978 Sinhala and Tarn are both national languages while Sinhala is the official language. Lenin in his Liberals and Democrats on the language Question, Severnaya, Prawda, September 5th, 1913 has Written: 'Tiny Switzerland has not lost anything but has gained

Page 14
from having not one single official language, but three - German French and Italian." Thinking on these lines the ideal solution to to the language problem in this, country would be to have Sinhala
Tamil and English all three as official languages. But on closer cxamination. We find that the
language problem here is different from the situation in Switzerland
The three official languages of Switzerland - German, French and Italian - are also the native languages of three other countries: Germany, France and Italy. But in the case of Sri Lanka, while English is the mother tongue of the United Kingdom and Tamil the mother tongue of Tamil Nadu, Sinhala is confind only to this country. Just as the United Kingdom and Tamil Nadu were the birth places of English and Tamil, Sinhala had its origin and evolution in Sri Lanka. The need for special status for
the Sinhala langu är Ele further the argument Even if the Engl guages WÉTe2 LC usage in this co still be spoken Kingdom and Ta the Sinhala langua! &tit i Sri mean the end nly in thisס tסח the whole World
A more realis be to hawe Sir English all three guages while Sir cal language, C relans to be English also a Also We Tust r. TULF was quite national language only two years tive Alex Lute C up by G. Para
was actually a
P I O N
. . . in ALK
CEYLON RESINO
64, Ananda Colom
COLOM
Phone :

age in this country demonstrated by fror extinction. ish and Tamil lamdisappear from untry they would in the United Til Nadu, But f ge were to become Lanka. It Would of that language country but in
le solution Would Hala, Tami I and 5 National IIHala Be the offiI this basis. What one is to make national language. ceber that the willing to accept Et fT TI ago. In the abordocument drawn thasarathy (which UNP-TULF deal)
they agreed to this position, provided however that it is Properly implemented. In clause 2 of Annexure C (1984) we find: The Constitution and other laws dealing with the official language Sinhala and the national language Tamil, be accepted and impleLLaLLLLLLLaL S LK LaLS LL L S KLL SLtttLL dealing with the National Flag and Anthem."
Perhaps the TULF has asked for the sky hoping to get a piece of the cloud. If their proposals are merely the starting point for fresh negotiations there is still room for manouvre. But on the other hand if their key demands (a Federal Constitution, gne TarIII |Inguistle State, Communal repreSeltation Il Palaert ad offia language for Tamil) are the bottom line of the Tamil leadership, the prospects solution to the ethnic issue. In the near future are very dim indeed.
NA NA H. H.
اگلے "آگے
KYD RESINS
PLASTICS LTD.,
Liraswamy Mawatha,
|BO — 7.
2 B 67 3
RS

Page 15
INTERVIEW || SATUIR OCAM
Back with the
Escaped leftist predicts revolution will
O 5 May, 1985 Satur Ocampo,
a leading Philippine communist and prominent pre-martial law journalist in detention for nine years, escaped after being allowed a pass to visit the National Pross Club in Mänia.
Since then he has not been heard of. American freelance photo-jour||5 : Charles Steier Is the first person to interview Ocampo since his escape. He talked to him in a town somewhere in the Philippines in the third Week of November. The following are extracts from the Inter Wie W.
What is the state of the revolutionary movement now, what are the immediate goals?
This is a good opportunity to let everybody know that I am a right. I am back with the Pilipino people in struggle, though I am still groping my way through, being overwhelmed by the great changes that have taken place in the revolutionary movement since
I was aTTested in 1976.
think what has been made public is that the revolutionary
Towerient of the Left at this period is in what is called the advanced state of the strategic defensive. (This is part of the movement from the strategic defensive to the strategic stalemate and then to the strategic offensive.) There is no definite schedule or time frame that the revolutionary leadership has placed for the attainment of these precise stages in the revolution. The US Government and President Marias are Warried about what they say is the impending threat of a takeover by the armed forces of the Left. They are providing varying statistics. The United States says that 5,000 is already a worrisome figure,
I am not in a position to say which figure is correct and I think tactically the leadership of the
Is PH
(The elect d COFTilt d'Isidrra other day. The park while the | in Malacasang
leader of the 4 President Madrid, bases, from Co. the advance ef the loss of the goes on? What EASTERN ECON makes Washingt
revolu tionary moy סח , ו IE that Way the conflicting government and til States, What is this point is tha upsurge in the of the Pilipino New People's A hando ful in ter and Women whi but the the Ni hawe war mater those who want
ls there a Wa ment can expan outside help, fi tries
Since 1980 t Wery rapid expar power and the : the NPA, and T that have been c. mainly products c inst the Armed Philippines (AFP), generated resour on and intensify years and, depen of armanents that utilise against t determine whethe of arms would
WHi I thig NPA Party of the Phi

PO
2 people
grow with or without Marcos
illipines the next Nicaragua?
on victory' of Mr. Marcos has thrown US policy Into y and made President Reagan change his line every
democratic Opposition had a huge victory rally in Manila Marcos family celebration was confined to his crores Palace. The position of Cardinal Sin, the outspoken 0 million Catholics, has been supported by the Vatican.
· says only he can save the country, and the US nmunism. Mr. Reagan fears that Marcos Will accelerate the Communists and the guerrilla grmy, and thus hasten
two biggest US bases outside the US. What really is the future. This Interview published in the FAR OMIC REWIEW offers di g/smpse into a future that | on and its ASEAN allies nervous).
"ement would leave that matter say that the main
it try to resolve statistics of the hose of the United very significant at it there is a great political attitude people, that the rmy (NPA) has its חaוח f Youngם 5וח o want to join, PA doesn't even el to admit a II of
to get into it.
ly that the moved without getting "Din Other Coun
-
here has been a 5ion in the manirmed capability of no of the ārn5 ollected hawe been if operations agaForces of the
meaning internally Ces. This may go
in the next few ding on the level the AFP, I would he NPA. Would ir external sources be necessary.
or the Communist lippines (CPF) for
form of the struggle is the armed struggle, it doesn't leave out the possibility of achieving its ends through political means. Now we are looking more towards the Probability of developing a wery strong unarmed movement among the people with a moral force that would enable the people's forces, armed and unarmed, to overthrow the Marcos dictatorship with as little bloodshed or bloodletting as possible.
You tak about the owerthrow of the Marcos government as a goal, but would you want to see the moderate opposition in its place 2
cannot altogether deny the fact that the continuance of the Marcos dictatorship, its ways of dealing with the people through the use of the armed forces, deception, fans the revolutionary fire, and that provides fertile ground for recruitment of the NPA and the CPP. But then it is not correct to say that the CPP or NPA anchors its growth and the possibility of success on the continuance of the Marcos dictatorship. The revolutionary leadership is more concerned about sufficiently arousing the people at this point in time
3

Page 16
to improve their capability to defend themselves and to cope with the economic crisis and it doesn't necessarily mean that we enjoy seeing Marcos continuing in power. For his casion wo would like to see the Marcos dictatorship end as soon as possible.
But would you like to see Corazon Aquino as president in his place
The problem is now the so-called democratic opposition, or the legal opposition, is in such a disarray and it could not even agree on a gramme that would beסrק חסcomm responsive to the actual problems pestering Filipino society. The revolutionary leadership would like to see the emergence of a new type of a political leadership in the opposition that would be a departure from the old traditional political spectrum. As far as the electoral process is concerneed we don't chink that we can ach iewe thorough going change or reforms by the type of the elections under the Marcos dictatorship which seems is already acceptable to the traditional politicians. The NPA, the CPP and even the National Domocratic Front would only be interested in participating in an election thal would be leading to the type of government where some basic changes can be attained, but not in a scheme like this, where you just change people.
What do you think of the call for an election in February 2
It looks like it's getting to be a big joke, though the opposition seems to be taking it quite seriously. It looks like Marcos was not really sincere or wasn't really PP: to go for it all the way ut he got stuck in a situation where he is under pressure both from the US government and from the local opposition forces to get into the snap election. The way he's trying to rig up the conditions or the framework of the electoral process it's getting to be a ridiculous exercise.
How do you envision the next several years?
We expect the next five years to be wery volati le politically and
|
economically I think agreement among thera Wan't be economic recovery years. In such a siti expect the revolul among the people, the peasants and class to ebb durin We think that the ship is in a very it wi II mot be ab a recovery of th the recovery of its So We fore see a the revolutionary the next three to
How do you reg ncements coming ington that seem a lot of pressul to make Some r actual distancing
Under President tration (the US) 5. unstable in its foi defining what it one thing: it is r mental issue of th US power worldwic ship of the US the imagined int. EוחWeסוח_listחuוחוחםC struggle, And I rightist tendency, essential rightist Reagan administrati elements of the F fans the fears tha the Philippines mi of Iran, or Nicar US does somethin
Even in the opposition, while t with the Reagan סקקint of suסק the government they administration in something, not iter Weltic in US Interests.
What is the Reagan administ public pressures
וiטtheir pוחFro are convinced that less of his deep is Controll of L. and the machiner and they don't st ãltermätilực. SG | ready to make a

there is general economists that any substantial םxt fiwםחםIn th LatİOT WE CETTO :ionary feriment the Workers, ayen Cho middie g this period... To dit big problem that | LC afft och 1е ссопomy and I own credibility. big growth in gחt duriחwèmeסוך
five years.
ard the pronouout of Washto be to putting TEe O MATO
T10 Ves, s it a n
Reagan's adminisems to be rather reign policy in Wants, except for alsing the fundahe emergence of de cor the eaderGowern Tient in ernational antint Đr ant-Sowjér hink this rising not only the endency of the on, but also some Right in the US, it the situation in ght follow that igua unless the
supposed liberal hey may disagree administration om rt for the Marcos arte one with the trying to do excluding direct rder to safeguard
urpose of the Eration putting
On Marcos
it of view they Marcos, regarddimina, still ho armed for Ce5 Y of government ее апy immedlate
think they are
gamble, still on
Marcos, but they are open to the Possibility of an opposition candidato that might inspire Popular support regardless of whether such candidate Would be ble to present an alternative government that's responsive to the people's needs. The Americans might shift support, but we don't see any basic change in the type of government that the Americans would support in order to protect the US bases and US in Westments.
So our point of view is that we do not pin our hopes on the alternatives that are being offered now, but on the type of a political coalition that would hawe significant representation of the majority of the people, the workers and the peasants as represented by the Tina 55 organisations.
Let's go back to the question of getting funds for the NPA; the system of taxation of businesses, is that the main source at this point for cach?
In principle the revolutionary movement hopes to raise funds for its requirements mainly from the support of the People. But in a country or in an economic situation as wea hawe now in the Philippines, however vast the mass support of the revolutionary struggle is, it cannot come up with an ever-increasing cash requirement for running the revolutionary struggle. And so in the various regions of the country the leadership of the movements are devising ways and means by which to raise funds and among these are what we call revolutionary taxation. The basic idea is to Impose some taxes on the big corporations, whether foreign or local, that are exploiting the natural resources and human resources of the country, so taxing them means expropriating part of the profits they got for the use of the people I am not quite sure if the policy has been thoroughly established, that there would be equal application in all areas, but the general principle is that the corporations to be taxed are those whose operations greatly affected thea || wgIihood of the people, like in the mining areas, logging areas that are denuding

Page 17
the forest, or huge plantations in Mindanao.
Wouldn't it be better to shut down a logging operation that is ruining the entire ecology of an area, as in northern Luzon?
I think the NPA would prefer that. It's one thing (that) they're losing the forest cover, but more basic is that the continued logging operations den ude the forest and affect the ecology and the farmers in the lowlands. If the revolution ary movements would have its Way it would completely stop these operations. But in the meantime, since they continue to operate under the licence of ab etment of the Marcos government, the movement would rather tax them as much as they are capable of giving.
How do you see the support for the Marcos regime from other countries such as Japan and West Germany with investment and financial support ? Do you see their role as the US
Investments from such countries are not so pervasive in their effect on the Philippine economy as that of US investments. The revolutionary movement is not opposed essentially to foreign inWestments, but opposes investments that over a long period of time are destructive of the development of the Philippines economy. So while at this period the continued support in terms of loans and investments from these countries sort of prop up the Marcos dictatorship, the revolutionary movement gives fair warning that such 5 LIPPIOrE Thu5t not Con tin Lue. But it doesn't preclude the possibility of welcoming further investment.
Do you agree with those who see parallels between the current situation in the Philippines and that of Wietnam and a 150 of Nicaragua?
To some extent there are some similarities in conditions and the common denominator of these countries that you mentioned is the state of the economy. The Philippines and Nicaragua are more or
less at the san ס ent. Theוחpסl to that cores
is the per wasiwe TiCan Gowerin mer of the countries Well as the ecol to a great ext: im Wietnam of : lght happen htוח cans get into t manner, with t nrסmodern weap American troops
in terms of change of gove go from feudalis through capita said you must torical process?
There is 5 ti||
feudal practices In the agrarian there is also capital and then of capitalism to the Lrban -EnEr the agricultural gramme of there gle strikes bot feudalism altoget democratisation of the land, and santry democrati to rest OF 5. forTogge el and Egg the emergence c. society and econ Wguld still day preneurial capacit Let this emerge ower the predom terests that noi the economy, rel citi 5 and Cre: energy of the F
I think the Te perience to learn opments in the וחaחםםChina WI Nicaragua to er development of society of the political structure conformity with Considering the eConorin ic: 3nH :Wסח prevalling
Of those so you mentioned

e laye of devether significant facinto the picture role of the Ale
it in the running political lifa as nomy. I think that
int what happened say in Nicaragua, are if the Ameri1at aC i a direct introduction of y as well as actual
building up a rnment, Can you im without going lism, as Marx do as an his
a prevalence of n the countryside, system, and then the infusion ըf the development some degree in as as well as in SecCor. The provolucionary strugat remowing her and ach leving if the ownership giving the peac rights as all iety. . . What is ing developed Is of a type of a om IC 5ystem that elop the entrey of the Filipinos. 2 and dominate Inant foreign inW tak hold of ea sing the capativity and the Шіріп о5.
is sufficient exfrom the deveSoviet Union of and particularly 5ure that the the Philippine economy and its 5 would be in what is required state of the political system
ialist Countries Which One is
the one you can learn most lessons from in a positive sense?
From our point of view we learn both from the positive and negative experiences, so that's the fortune of those who corne late to revolutionary struggle. There's a lot of Previous experience to learn from. I'm not prepared to say whether it's the Soviet Union or China or which of tha socialist countries now are the best examples, Actually looking at how Nicaragua might hawe ewolwed had American in tarwention not taken place, I think we would hawe seen tha Gawolwement of a type of society and economic system that can be replicated in the Philippines. But the Very Act of Interwention now has shifted the priorities of the Sandinista government towards its national defence, because of the Contras and their American support.
U. S. STATE. . .
(Continued from page 8)
man advisory board which considers the evi dence, interviews the police and the detainee, and makes a recommendation, Many of the cases Tewiewed hawa led to a recommendation for immediate release, but it frequently takes several months for the process of review and release to be completed.
The Constitution empowers the courts of appeal to issue Writs of habeas corpus, and relatives of persons arrested under the PTA or the emergency regulations have brought several habeas corpus suits over the past few years. In no instance where the court Inquired into the detention and disappearance while in police custody of a suspect detained under these measures have the results been publicly released.
There is no forced labor in Sri Lanka, other than for criminals sentenced to rigorous impriSOITEL.
(To be continued)

Page 18
to link up
with technolog
Fe. W Other COL tries Carl Cl that capital inwE5ted Ower 15 Centuries ago in extens irrigation pro0grad rT1T19:S i S Siti II Contributing to their
. . . and Sri Lanka is lif to these age old asse Diversion Complex W. into a better life.
CIC CHITE I5 ad Wide T;
Lanka's agriculture a Field to Factory Fi Cottage Weaver.
Modern expert
improved
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

king modern technology Es through the Maha weli ich will assuredly lift us
ange of expertise into Sri
nd industry. From Paddy oor from Plantation to
se mecans

Page 19
FOREIGN SCENE
How the the Poor
is now a commonplace of international economic life that the protectionism of the western industrialised nations, US interest rates budget deficits and military expendture have a direct bearing on Third World poverty and debt, and on the bleak future before the underdeveloped nations. The ominous implications of this stark reality are not voiced only by Third World finance and trade ministarog but by the spokesmen of the chief economic-financial agencies of the international system - the World Bank, the IMF and UNCTAD, contres as we all know of staid bourgeog conservatism rather than Third World radicialis T.
In July, the World Bank's Tom Clausen, addressing the conference of the S.L.D. in Rome (a Brandt Commission-typa organisation) issued a clear warning to the West, especially the US, that its policies were driving the Third World to the brink of disaster. Just two days before he spoke, the IMF chief Jaczues Larosiere noted that the US reliance on OO billion dollars a year of capital inflows "cannot continue' since this figure represented one-sixth of the savings of the rest of the world
In this situation, the critical variable" was the ratio of real interest rates to Third World export earnings. If there is a 2.7 percent GDP growth in the next few years. (this is the World Bank's "lowsimulation' projection or worst-case scenario, which the Financia Tries thought was optimistic), then the Third World's debt burden will rise from 20% to 28% of exports by 1990. Sri Lanka, let us note, has reached 20%, the Finance minister's bottom-line, and 25% may be this year's debt-service ratio, thanks largely to our own military 5pending.
Arn WM/o
Budget Deficit
The problem deficits became issue in the U. Outcote Was it man-Hollings
aW. Under th of 44 billion d for the Curren Mr. Reagan's lat did keep the d the ceiling but it - 143, 6 Ebillic
What is sign that there arte ing of non-mil the Defence Dep keep rising fro 1986 to 356 bi 99. The cut hawe been Tad tax receipts (i. of US in COTE tax paper) rath reduced militar
The mind-bogg b||||or15 of dollar statistics and fig cloud or confus about the funda T of these facts. tari 5m and it authoritative Am that of the ya Gaorge F. Kenna the way, of the talining" Commur out plainly to meaning. He ca tanisation of thou
in US politics ir eta. And that i tably in cellectu. the objective bli newly elected Pr. make American
the Central a'i policy was mili and dominance, of the strateg had sustain cd detente in the

S
Race Makes
rid Poorer
of huge budget recently a major ... and One direct he Gram-Rudbudget-balancing e law a ceiling ollars was placed E year's deficit. ast budget (Jan. 4) eficit just under
nearly touching in dollars
ificant though is cuts in the spenditary agencies but artment's outlays m 258 billions in IIion dollar 5 in 5 in the deficit e through higher e. at the expense tax and business er than through y expenditure. ling billions and 's, the staggering ures, should not : our own minds nental significance Reaganism is millwas no le 55 an rican voice than eran US diplomat 醬 architect, by Cille of Cois m) which spoke spell out its real lled it i the mili. ght and discourse"
the post-Reagan self was a respectranslation of ntly stated by a 1sident Reagan. " To
No, li ! lin short, n of American tary superiority
the anti-thesis c balance" which forld peace and Dst-War decades.
and Star Wars"
Again, one pauces to ask the question which comes instinctively to the average person, even an educated outward-looking individual, in the Third World. How do these issues debated heatedly and sometimes acrimoniously, in the ratified realms of superpower and Bigpower summits, concern us? Commenting on the most recent of UNCTAD reports on protectionism - a protectionism which not only hurts our fledgling export industries but workers in western Europe threatened with lay-offs - the Fridricial Times said:
Even if protectionism can be kept at bay, the curious cornbination of record unemployment in the industralised countries. debt-induced austerity in the Third World and an international financial system which is recycling every dollar or available savings into the US budget deficit, jnstifles UNCTAD's basic coutention that it is high time to view debt, trade aud international macro-economic management within a single framework”.
At the same Society for international Development (CID) conference which Mr. Clausen addressed, the Archbishop of Sao Paolo Brazil, put flesh and blood into these stark facts and figures. Each time, the US raised its interest ra te by one percent, "thousands' he said died into the Third World because money that could be used for health care and food is sent out'. And it is used for space weapons rasearch lis this connection between starvation and death in the Third World and high-tech megalomania tenuous oro fānctifu}}
The former Economics Affairs Minister of West Germany, Erhard Eppler argues that Star Wars' the project nearest to Mr. Reagan's

Page 20
heart, means nothing less than "an openended arms race".
Ars Race
Its consequences are explained in these terms. 1 cmit the unsatisfied needs of the people of the Soviet Union and its allies since this, bad enough in itself, has very little impact on the Southern part of the globe...(the third world). SDI means that the deficit in the US budget may increase rather than decrease ... anyway there is no room for dot-settlement...for the South this means annual debt-servicing surpasses the total amount of debts in 1974! It reas the e Crnomies of the South will hawe no chance to become relativey -self-reliant... the higher the debt -service, the more dependent and smaller the chances to satisfy basic needs inside these coul
ded from the of other issues politics by the Third World, and opinion-lead glance, the intr Tr15 otto || || cularly those Wi technological prc matters that can Ence the later in the developir Urgent economic But the notion is an intellectua
affords Idea which us Third World th
As Willy Bra sympathiser of correctly obser" does not belon powers alone. implication of the
Eries."
is not explicitly So, the arms race and 'star Wars" joint statement; does affect the poorest of the poor impact that coop: and thareforça should not be exclu - Could hawe, in e:
|T STAT AN A2 WAS BUILDUE || || II Go To 6EN AND PEOPLE DEMAND ARM6 TALK A2Ms (
CONTRL,
So Conggigs WILL KEEP MOT NG MNO2E2 AWONKEW FC AEMS
OFARMS CO
 
 
 
 

general discussion
of International intelligentsia of the its policy-makers,
eers. At a first icate questions of egotiations, Parti
plexוחםם חd Iטapp" жblems, may seem not possibly influa conditions of life ng countries, their and socialdemandsthat such a de bate luxury that we a false, misleading be banished from linking,
tחmineסdt, a prו the Third World w: The World g to the supertחrtaסקOne im 3 regultg of Genewa mentioned in the the tremendous ration and datente CTCC PITTS, TOT
only for the superpowers but also for the Test of the world. Tha LLLL L LLLLa LLLHLLa LHHL aLaLLLL benefits at least to some extent".
Premier's Proposal
When he addressed the 40th anniversary sessions of the United Nations, a Third world spokesman did in fact place before the World body a definite proposal which not only attracted attention from the international press but Won War II praise from fellow Third World delegates. Sri Lanka's Prime Minister R. Premadas a proposed a joint
appeal to US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbach eW:
sist Recognise the most volatile
situation faced by the superpowers and the benefits that
will accrue to themselves and
the whole of mankind by diverting such military outlays
to peaceful and humanitarian
efforts.
(Солtiпшd оп page 23)
EVA AND ONTPL
TAEN 1 TELL CON522SS; The AM BUILDUP MAD
ÉENNEWA PossBy E.

Page 21
REPORT ON PAKISTAN -
Too many pressures,
Bhabani Sen Gupta
ach time I wist Pakistan |
keep recalling the lines of a black American poet: "brothers under-overstand the situation." In my recent visit took two decisions. The one Week had at my disposal spent in Lahore, without moving, like Jesting Pilate, from one city to another. Second, I asked questions and listened, and as far as possible, refrained from joining in a discussion. Punjab dominates Pakis
tam; it is to Pakistan what India is to South Asia. The political temper of Punjab is therefore
crucial to an understanding of the political frame of the country, present and future.
Pakistan is under strong pressure from several quarters, internal as Well as externa I. l Went to Lahore on an invitation to take part in an international seminar on Afghanistan. Convened by the powerful daily Jang, the seminar, which turned out actually to be an unruly noisy assembly, showed how deeply cleaved Pakistan was on an Afghan settlement which would require the armed guerrillas to return to an Afghanistan ruled by a Marxist party headed by Babrak Karmal. The mujaheedeens and their political supporters mustered in strength at the seminar hall and flexed their muscles; the supporters and opponents of direct talk with Kabul almost came to blows. Presiding over a session, the most fanatically fundamentalist of the guerrilla teaders, Hukmut yar, made It quite clear that the mujaheede ens would not return to Afghanistan until it had been liberated from the Soviets and the communists. Leaders of the Jamat-i-Islami, political patron of the mujaheedeens, and also dispenser of the funds flowing in from the oil-rich Arab countries for the upkeep of the refugees, repeatedly, assured the Afghan spokesmen that they would not "allow" the government of Pakistan to " + sell them down" the drain of a comprehensive political settlement that might fall short of true liberation' of Afghanistan.
A retired F who has been years for direc and Kabul, W. While Ghaus B not allowed to "The Afghan et Pakistan," " Waile mat. In Islamab took alarm, a The Muslim in on India-Pakista planned for Janu: tch, the_state out to the Nel at the latest TI talk,5 Im Genewa expressed their draw their troop within one year and implementati on comprehensiv Afghan problem, Wernment 15 om talk directly wi Soviets give a withdrawal of it
Now that the winding down Pak 5 tan | w || ha -armed mujahe unwelcome pro: them back to Most people that it was a regime could no the active coop tical parties and is widely believ the strongest ri Zia agreed to a Reports said th; Were trying to - l-Islami to joir The amat leade ted the idea of in tha i undemoc Indeed, the Jarn MRD to ca || for with the politic part In complet political parties that General 7 have to yield t tative regime if h public support to edeen and secuti Afghanistan.

Exclusive
no national Consensus
akistani diplomat, pleading for several talks with Moscow 5 almost lynched, ksh Bizan zo was finish his speech. wil War has Come to d the former dipload, the government ld quickly advised it to hold a seminar relations it had ry 3. In Washingdepartment leaked w York Times that und of proximity the Sowjet 5 had readiness to with5 from Afghanistan of the conclusion on of an agreement a settlement of the The Pakistan gorecord that it will th. Kabul when the time-frame for the heir troops. E Afghan crisis is to a settlement, we to face the Wol քվgըns with the spect of sending their homic lands. Tet in Lahore said ask the military it tackle without ration of the polithe people. This ed to be one of :asons why General bolish) Martia || Law. t he and Junejo bersuade the Jamat the government. "si l spoke to rejectheir participating "atic" government. it had joined the mid-term election a parties taking freedom. The seemed to believe a-ul Haq would a fully represene Were to mobilise disarm the mujahea thair return to
The future of the Afghan refugees was not the only factor that, according to politicians in Lahore, was compelling the General to yield to a democratic restoration, however haltingly and reluctantly. The economy had lost its shine; dark days lay ahead. About 500,000 Pakistanis had returned from the Arab countries, more were being laid off every month. The hard currency repatriated by 3 million Pakistan is working in the Gulf region - adding up to S3 million and more - was keeping the economy of Pakistan afloat. Exports were shrinking. I heard many in Lahore regret the fact than in 35 years Pakistan had done little to build an industrial base, Dr. Mubasher Hassan, who was finance minister in Bhutto's government, pointed out, more in sorrow than in anger, that in nearly eight years of his rule, General Zia had not set up a single significant Industry.
Pakistanis had seen a number of military regimes in Latin America and Africa handing over political power to elected civilian leaders at times of their nations, a como Tic distress. They therefore argued that General Zia-ul Haq too would not wish to face an inclement economic weather.
Most Pakistanis - su spected that the president was also under considerable American pressure to demoCratise his regime, to come to terms with India, and even to accept an Afghan settlement Washington might find worthy of underwriting. Partly because of deeply entrenched anti-Americanism, partly because of the un popularity of military rule, and also because of the Punjabi Pakistani's gut suspicion and distrust of India, I found, to my surprise, that the General's present policy of offering India cooperation in trade and cultural affairs was not quite popular in Lahore.
Nor did the majority of Lahorites 1 met had a rosey vision of SAARC. Many cynically described SAARC as "*an American shark", and sus

Page 22
ဒြိုးe: that American capitalists ad agreed to "hand over the South Asian markets to Indian capitalists in return of a big slice of the Indian market for themselves". This perception, however bizarre it may seem to Indians, was articulated by politicians and intellectuals of the left as well as the right. The best comment that I could hear on this topic came from two leading industrialists. Both said with an air of resignation that they saw nothing wrong in yielding to Indian capitalists what Pakistan had been yielding for many years to American and West European multinationals. "We will be gainer", said one of them. We will get Indian capital goods at cheaper prices and we should be able to strike bargains."
Amongst academic intellectuals and newspaper analysts, few spoke in warm support of Zia-ul Haq's
getting-close-toresentment and voked by three
"haste and the professor at the put it, "Why is And why should goodwill and fri given us anythin Initiate bilateral the framework ement With a the Kashmir issu question ing our buy weapons and programme? Hasr the Saich in glaci
"Why is he k secret from us' Cadre, Speaking : ment's reluctanc people to partici of foreign polic year, the natior denied an oppo
Now you
through 16 guropean countries inco
Yes, for only US $260 you car of. Europe, travelling First Clas: European national railways. Th
Pass paid for in Sri Lanka gives unlimited mileage to travel the
and breadth of Europe. See the
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RESIDENT IN
SRI LANKA.
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and a Cross Switzerland and Fra Tiraculous Lourdes and beauti ་་་་་་་་་་་ ་་་་་་་་་་་་་་་་་་་་་་་་།། s or if you prefer you can change
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Talk to your travel agent or the
AITKEN SPEN
Lloyd's Building, Sir Baron J.
 
 
 

India policy, The Criticism was proactors. First, the secrecy." As a Punjab University he in such a hurry? he beg Indla for ndship? Has India 2 is it ready to discussions with in f the Simla agreiew to resolving 2 Has it stopped sovereign right to persue our nuclear 't India occupied
eeping everything groaned a PPP about the governe to allow the pate in the making y. "For a whole all assembly was tunity to debate
foreign policy. It was only at the fag end of the year that a shallow two-day debate was allowed, in which the government hardly divulged any hard information. The people of Pakistan do not know what's happening at the Geneva talks on Afghanistan. They have not been told what's the problem in Satchin. Now there is another hush-hush act going on to strike some accords. With India. General Zia has kept complete control of foreign policy and defence. In order to get arms from America, he is willing to pay any price."
Even Bizenzo was unhappy about SAARC and the Delhi minis Lummit. "We do not wish to see Rajiv Gandhi rubbing shoulders with military rulers. Indian democracy is our only hope. Whatever India does must help the causa of democracy in Pakistan. Your young prime
(Continued on page 24)
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Page 23
CATS EYE
IBSEN'S DOLL'S HOUSE
NSN HALA
For Women's Day, this year, Vijita Guneratne is producing a Sinhala translation of Ibsen's famous play "A Dolls House', which created a sensation in Europe when it was first performed in 1879, and also had an impact in Asia in the early 20th century.
Ibsen's undersanding of the, role of women in patriachal society
Ilies behind i A. Do II's House" as is evident from some of his
Cote 5 WTitel i 1878:
There arte two kinds of mora I law, two kinds of conscience, one for men and one quite different, for Women... The Wife in the play ends by having no idea what is right and what is Wrong natural feelings on the one hand and belief in authority On the Other lead hier to Lutter di 5 tration. - A W Om Camot be herself in modern society. It is an exclusively male society, with With who from
laws made by men and prosecutors and Judges assess feminine conduct a masculine standpoint.
Ibsen actually started writing A Doll's House" six months later, but his interest in this problem was also practical as is indicated by a proposal that he put before the Scandinavian Club in Rome, (where when he was living at the time) that women should have the right to wote on all club matters. Ibsen is said to have delivered an impassioned' speech in support of his proposal, it was howewer defeated and Ibsen reacted by refusing to speak to those who had voted against his proposal.
The play we August 1879, pu ћagen in Dece.
performed at th in Copenhagen year. At the play is about Wife - Nora, Wh money without knowledge ewen 5 Benefit W the Husbånd"5 concerned only foL5 is position and c. profligate andIm Nora li to retik and to the conc are well - thou! far as they is a bide by rules conduct by men. des to leave | children as the achieving her own to which as a feels entitled.
The play ha t: DETםaקוחi that it "explode rסEEmpחסם סEחו Pillars of Society' though it attack tions, still retain theatrical happy It bit less sharp House" kreW r| mot in Tectoricilia orable calamity, death sentence o Ethics". The im ledge even by other great Scandi whose attitude W25 Wery tradi ti "marriage was a far from di People stopped an automatic Pro bli 55 and divorce patible parties c. be accepted as fiable",
 

is completed in blished in Copen11Է Er, and first e Royal Theatre ri December that
plot level, the
the plight of a to has borrowed
her husband's
though it is for en this cores to knowledge, he is with its possible OWn status afld onden 15 ha 5 a5 TOT TI ft:5 her own position lusion that Women ght of only in so ubscribe to and Talde for their Nora then decler husband and
only means of self- realisation human being, she
d a tremendos Porary critic says 2d like a bomb агу Іifa, The (an earlier play), :ed social convened the traditional ending so that ly. But A Doll's o mercy; ending tion, but in inex
unced aסחסrק It in accepted social Pact was acknowStrindberg, the navian playwright, towards women ona; He wrote revealed as being wine institution, regarding it as wider of absolute between inconame at last to conceivably just
A Do II's House" Ha5, continued to have mugh the Same effects: the slamming of the front door has echoed not only down the ages in Europe but in other parts of the world as well. It is im LOresting to note, in this connection, the impact of Nora in the movement towards women's emancipation in Asia. In a speech to women college students in 1928, Nehru referred to the play,
wonder if any of you here Teadbsen's Dolls" House. If so you will perhaps appreciate the word 'do' when use it in this connection. The futura of dia cannot consist of dolls and prythings and if you make half the population of the country the mere play things of the other half, an ETC Lumb Tam CD on Others, how will you ewer make progress?"
The effect of A Doll's House' on the emerging consciousness of women in Asia was wide-spread. Nora became a topic of discussion in many countries; she became a symbol not only for women but also for intellectuals struggling agai 15t the con 5 Et aints of the old ordet. LLLLLL S LLLLLLL SS LLCLLL S SLLLLLLL
"Noras" in China, Japan and Korea; Jiu Jin, a Chinese Woman revolutionary of the Sun-Yat-Sen group, who was executed at the beginning of this century for rebellion, was eulogised by the Chinese leader, Kuo-Mo Jo a; i the in Carnation of Ibsen's Nora'. In a talk given at a Beijing Women's College in 1923, the famous Chinase Writer Lin Xun discussed the question "What Happens. After Nora Leaves Home?" His point was that, given the social conditions of the day, "she can hardly avoid going to the bad, or returning."

Page 24
Conditions are now different and there are many other alternatives. But the point that Ibsen makes - that women are "dolls' being manipulated and played with by men – fathers and husbands particularly - remains - valid in our society. It is that which makes a production of this play in Sinhala an event of importance for the
Women's movement in Sri Lanka, where the patriarchal family is still the dominant cell of social organisation.
However, In spite of this background, one must not treat "A Dolls' House" as a play only about women's rights. Whatever the genesis of the play, Ibsen in writing it transcends this a spect; it is finally about the need of every indiwidual - male or female - to find out the kind of person he or she really is and wants to be and to attempt to realise that state. It is this theme and the technical mastery with which it is worked " Out — simplicity and economy of language, a plot structure that avoids any superflous action - that
makes E "A Do II's H ing masterpiece.
INTERNATION DAY IN SRI LI
This year inter Day-March 8-i by a number of groups and organis: the week of Mar
Om March 4 -- 5
the Women's "י וחם חaחiוחa se Media."
On March 7, -
the Women of (CP, LSSP, &
groups are hol att the Public LL |
On March 8, -
the Pacific and Forum is hold creative worksh at the Open A
Phone:57 A5 - 5
Ceylon Supply and
“Sena mayak
7 Stati Color
For all your r
Corps frco

Juse" an endut
AL WOMENS” ANKA
lational Women's being celebrated lifferent women's |tions throughout h 4 - March II.
Sureau is holding Women and the
the Left parties SLMP) and other ding a meeting rary Hall, 4 pm.
Asian Women's ing a series of ops for Women Air Theatre of the
Wihara Maha Dewi Park from 9 a.m. to 1.00 p.m, There will also be an exhibition of women's creative work at the Art Gallery throughout the day. A special display on traditional herbal cures will form a part of the exhibition.
At 2.00 p.m. Women's Action Committee (WAC) is holding a public meeting at the New Town HaII.
On March 9, -
The Gami Kantha Samthi Sammelanaya is holding a public meeting at the Town Hall, Galle.
On March IO
The premier performance of the Sinha la production of Ibsen's Dolls House will be at the Lione Wendt Theatre at: 5.00 p.m. This first show will be for women and entrance will be a nominal sum of Rs. 2- only
On March II -
The University Girls choir will hold a concert of Women's songs at the John de Siwa. Theatre.
Development Co. Ltd.
e Building" on Road, Tibo 3.
equirements of
Equiртепѓ
Telex i 7. || 5 7 3 STEELСС) СЕ

Page 25
The rage
Chris Reed
A. the most popular adultsonly US film ever screened Rambo grossed over S100 million in a few weeks, and was cheered in 2,165 cinemas. Time magazine said, "lt seems to have perfectly articulated the nation's mood Over Wietnam."
Articulate Hardly. Stallone, coWriter of the film, substitutes oafish muttering for dialogue, making that other hero of the genre, Clint Eastwood, seem almost garrulous. Other than the mass murder of foreigners who don't agree with him, Stallone's only preoccupation in the film is exposing his preposterous body. His enormous breasts loom over the scraen like Jana Rш55ell in The Outlaw. The acting is performed mostly by his biceps.
The film is racist in its depiction of Vietnamese as perfidious and of RUSSI als as sa distic automations. In a less reactionary, gung-ho context, Rambo would probably be
denounced as blasphemous. The character John Rambo is called the chose - one" and is twee
tortured in the crucifixion, once in
posture of the tech-infested
seWage.
The several hundred killings are -perpetrated almost entirely by
Rambo alone, although early on he is assisted by a female Wietnamese agent for the US called Co (who is not even played by an Oriental, but Julia Nickson speaking pidgin).
Rambo stabs, clubs, Shoots, strangles, burns, bombs, drowns, and garrottes his victims, using enough knives to equip a meat market and mostly carried in his boots. As well as a high-tech bow with exploding arrows, he also manages to produce three assorted machine guns, all with inexhaustible ammunition clips.
He has no need of a helict or flak jacket - let alone a shirtbecause none of the enemy fire ewer hits him, whereas his lewer misses. Rambo was abwiouly what the Americans needed before being chased out of Siagon in 1975.
of
SYLWESTE movie. It op from the Bes WI th rage, destroy rשmmםC וחסFr States did I kngwn held } Francisco, ao frustration of
The B-55 remained in Gu: huma 1 Wiri ma colonial observe Bombo and blow barm boto huts, San bridge, several y Russian bomber. boats, a rice pa a battalion.
As an ex-Gre task is to find Aerican MAs, photograph any "Without engag (As this is supp the incursion is is поt an enemy
Ignoring his b he tolls Co th:
HOW the . (Contin Lled from
* Agree to a r
expenditure each year f years begin
*** Apply a sig
the resour towards the into Tinational .5חםtiנוח
Last month,
chef did preci "surprise" and - plu House officials, Hoff Ft H W who quoted R. Saying "It is ju time that anyo posed actually
lear weapons".

Rambo
ER STALLONE'S Rambo II has become more than Just a ened in American cinemas at the right time to profit rut hijacking. When the White House was impotent triotic Americans could watch the muscle of Rambo
"fet driese
drid Russian
Fries 75. Fe FestLed, Gľs
1ist prisons; he won in the cinema the war the LJnsted st on the ground. Even President Reagan set it be
watched ROBO Intion.
Christopher Reed, In Sал
ks dit the Rambo phenomenon that has released the
O IdËlor.
night even have Im for Rambo is . A
hina" as his old 5. He becomes ss up two dozen
entire village, a 'ehicles, a monster
helicopter, two ddy and about half
an Beret, Rambo's a jungle camp for Missing in Action, f there, and return ing the enemy". psed to be 1985, |legal and Wietnam ..) rief from the start, it "orders don't
matter". His first act is to shoot an arrow through a guard's head, impaling him to a tree. This caused a fellow behind me in a T-shirt Tarked USA" in red, white and blue, to shout gleefully "good
arrow!" as if at a Sunday darts
Tlatch.
Rambo's final words are the
neartes the Carles to a fu || Sentence. All he wants, he grunts, is 'for our country to lowe us as much as we love it". Howls of approval from audiences, most of whom, like Mr Stallone, did not actually Serve in the real Vietnam el the". The revisionist idea that the US did not lose has obvious attractions for an imperial power beaten by a nation of peasants.
ចge_8) eduction of military by ten Percent
or five consecutive ing 1985/87.
nificant portion of :0.5, 50 Conserved
reduction of the debt of the poorer
the Soviet party sely that to the zzlement of White CCording to David fashington POST agan himself as st about the first inca has ever proeliminating nuc
Talking to the
press later, President Reagan said
we are very grateful'.
But is this Mr. Reagan serious 2 Does he 5 til Wart to make America No. 1 and thus alter the balance of power in such a way that deten te becomes Impossible? Or by forcing the USSR into a new race in space does Washington plan to implement Defence Secretary Weinberger's strategy of causing serious da Tinage to the Sowiet economy by compelling Moscow to divert vita resources from development and consumer spending to high-technology and weapons? Or is the power elite of the US seized by a pathological ha tred, distrust and fear of the Soviet Union as reflected best in Mr. Reagan's own favourite campaign phrase "the Evil Empire'?
M.S.
(To be concluded)

Page 26
RETURN FRON
Manhecid came sudderly, Cath ing him In old lanes that muffled High Road horns Past familiar patterned gates, old lawn Now shrinking to new rich houses Eyes stirred to thrusting bosams in poster Hlouses Tg demure faces, slightly strange Of once sprightly little girls who fielded cricket Ran for Coca-Cola, kept the change LLLOLOC HLHCLL LLLL LLLL HLHHLS LLLLLL0L aaLLLHHLHHLHL LL LLLLLL Turn from the scent of bruised Weeds in the Saturday sun To the tingle of womanly perfume and tickets LLS S L LLLL LLLLLL S LL LS LLLLL S a HLHHLLLLLLL LaL LLLLLLH HLHCHC LLLHHH A choice too sudden for the folks at home, now barred In the old town he sett led for two Tooms In a house that Black July had partly charted leaving a wild garden where wild moons
LLLLLL LHHL LaL CCKS Laaaaa LLLLLL LLLLLL Restless with the myriad Wings night launches Un casy, Sweet, and secret like cicades The months passed, subdued as in song In his officers cap and kakhi polished brass School boy of yesterday Hic policed the towym LS LLLK aKK L S LLLLL LLLL L LLLLL LL Coning off the bus, from work, eager for home CeLL S LLLLLL SLLLHLz LL LLLLL S LL H K taLLLLLLL And Kindly town folk didn't lead them alone
Until, one day, he na Evely went to aiding The Station master against the racketeer Invading the platform from the broken railing To pitch booths for the oper econware
| He couldn't Save the poor station master
He was knifed in the booking office LLLa L LLLLL S LLLLLLLHLLS LLL LLLL LS uHLHHH LLLLHHLLLLLLLS LL LLL LLLLL L To the North it said. No Appeals. The chill stabbed in from the cold typescript His Emile twisteld. In het anxious eyes He led Most of my friends have already done their shift L T LLL LLLLLL SLLLL L L S L S LLLuK S LLLLS LL L S SSLLLLLL LL LLLLL S LLLLL LaLLLLS a LLLLLL S SYLLLLLL College crony of the thosal boutique days Ey Es lit Lup in mainly greating despite the ta inted years Hand grip and hug was warm. What was he doing? Applying for jobs is usual
LLLLSSS aS LLLLa LLaaLLLL LLLCCLL LLLCCLHHLLLL LLLLLL {utualוח_tחEוחיליםplוחEחש Wa5 . ה5 :liEEםF (In College they were brighter than most) Kandan got off by the ways idci "Look after yourself", hic Wartmed "This terrible madness -- We must bilde And Into the Wind ble w ni jungle was gona LLLLLLL LLLHLHHH LLLLLLS LL S SLaL LLLLLL Never killed a man, when he got of the train TLH aLC MMLLa KH GLLS LLaL LLLLLL aaLC
Certain about
Too many . . .
(Continued from page 20)
minister has no experience of Imperialism. I sometime fear that t fall Into an Americanסח he may trap." Bizenzo, who was in the State People's Congress with Sheikh Abdullah, and who described himself as a colleague of Nehru, called Rajiv Gandhi "Raju" - very fondly, but with Sadness soften ing the otherwise tough timbre of his voice.
Pakistan, ther, has taken a sitant step away from military rule and towards democracy at a time when
LLLLL SLLLLLLLL LLLaLLLLS LLLHCLLLLL LLLLLL foreign policy problems without a national consensus on any of them. People of Lahore, however, were
Said in One voic political activism that had spurre share Power. ** I was told by
The demonstra 14 August drew than Ehe officia function im |5äm wing day. The given to Benaze the military reg
"We Punjabis the future politic — democracy pli a cadre of 黑 Party at a grOl was applauded b

THE NORTH
LLLH LLLLLL S S LLLLL LL0H L LLLLLL S S La aLLLL (The lieves blasted, the eyes twisted in fear and pain) Strange hel felt he Will: solon isking The same questions the dead faces seemed to ask Why these young Ilves precious, Eager sodder For the kings (Northern and Southern) in sheir
counting houset with the seek groomed masks Gancing from the pain wrecked faces of his men to theirs Dying, teeth clenched, flinging the last grenade He failed, sad eyed to dircern the ethnic flare Of nostri and skin, Aryan or Dravidan shade Through Northern fields watered by irrigation pools The labour and brittle joy of folk burnt the same
dark brown As his grand father and uncles in their far South town Girls just like his sisters Figgled to school Qn LäWe, ha found Was the whisper Of I gaf fall on the jeep, wind in the Creeper Curtains Cat om the cingine, St III warm with milles co wered Childs prattle, and the wonder of a wife in his arms Sleep coming with wry October thunder Rumbling cosy at the window, lightning, no bomp blasts Only a suburban storm takes the started trees No jungle foot falls to break this brief peace. Too brief, the transports riu Tıble, north north east No bad dream this, dark figures scattering in the dawn A different thunder tears the world Apart Consecrating blindly his futile sacrifice LLLLLaL SLLLLLLLLkSS GL LK L H L LLLL CLLLLLCLLL a The jungle tide flows back. Kandan kneels Hot barrel sizzling on the de W, reveals His mangled College mate. Agonizad cry unanswered By pain locked lips and mercifully unknowing cycs
LLLLLLa LLLS LLLLL S LLLLLLLCK LOLLaaL S LLLL LLLLLL LLLL CLCMMM K L0 L HLLL LLLL M And the silence incts to the sun and birds again LLK S CLLLL SS L LL LLL LLL LLLLH SLLL LLLLL L Cup on coffin to his suburban town Where fait shop keepers put up their front shutters And the prices of their backdoor barters And the thugs who knifed the station master Put up white flags, white coconut leaves and boisters Fetched the Minister (lay) to make a speech Monks warm and cosy by the pyre to preach That all things perish. The said posse In brass and kakhi, slip safety catch for the Last Wolley Scatter in the guigt cvening from the Cemetery gate Crooning doves into pyre smoke and sunset While his wife falls sainting as the bugle sounds And the baby plays on the grass with the empty shells Rifles lowered, his brothers sally forth And get kit bags ready for the next train North.
-- Ul. Karunatilake
one thing. They was assured by many Lahorites e that it was the that Punjab was fully aware of its in Punjab in 1985 political responsibility as Pakistan's 년 Za-ul Haq. t3 leading province. Pսոjab 駐 list Punjab and the NWFP have, 藍 youth. however, derived the largest benet 影 fits from military rule, Punjab is ༈། 麗 蠶 蠶 the Principal base of the army, 黜 :* 嵩 the bureaucracy and the feudal | .." the for landlords: the three pillars of the 醬 *驚 power structure in Pakistan. Will 儒 Eutto alarmed Punjab now cast itself in the role |T1, of leadership of the forces of posimust work out tive change? I asked this question a frame of Pakistan of as many Lahorites as I could us federalism," said meet. The best answer I got was National Awam i from a young Woman journalist. IP discussion. He There's no other way," she said, y the entire group. if Pakistan is to be saved."

Page 27
INTER-RACIAL EQUI
AND
NATI0NAL UNIʼ
IN SRI LANKA
(The document was produced 1983, as part of a programm
Committee for National Hart
wiolence in 1983 . . .
Since the document was
Tation and data on some
available - for example the
1980/81 . . . .
Nevertheless the docume
original form, both because it at the time it was prepared, including the factual analysis h; or valid by what has taken pl
demand for the original docum
A few clarification5 Hawe been
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6I , Isipathana Mawatha,
Colombo 6. SRI LANKA.
P. O. Box 60
Tel. 5 85 || 8 6 8 58 || 5 || 4

TY
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| by the Marga Institute in October
le of work initiated by the Citizens'
mony, immediately after the communal
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data from the socio-economic survey
nt is being reproduced essentially in its
reflects the state of the discussions
and also as the substance of the report as not been rendered any less relevant ace. There has also been a continuing ment locally as well as from abroad.
included in the present version)
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Page 28
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