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INDO-SRI LAN
Fr« JAVV.
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YOUR WAT — the funi
JAFFNA: DoES TE
Why Sirima can't do
Indian Law and
Also: Arrests in
U. S. on Hu Dons prote
 
 

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Muslim Women he South, man rights and it, Marcos

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INDIA AND HUMAN RIGHTS
The Trificipe féd"H'ar" her Heer. India a Sri Laka a Geneva in the UN corrission of Hular rights did not after all take place. But the spirited defence made hy the leader of the Siri Lалkar, delegагіол, Н. И. ЛауаYyarderne. Q. C. and his ir1 yitariori ro Friherri bers of the Commission fo visit this country reflected the goverfirient's arriors concern ομεr τηε τητεrπαίίσηαι Prεις μre that has been building up steadily
is site.
The most telling evidence of this pressure M'as the official hurrari rights report of the US Sглfe Deparгннёлг гo the Солgress and the visir of Darlie Judith Hart, hath altharitative voices recognised by Sri Lanka ay sулідагheїіс ала! солcerтеd friends Fert E. E. Fies. The average Sri Lankar is disturbed by Criticismı hecause he helieves, and rightly, that it affects the moral Prestige of his country dhrodd. FWhat le does Hot réalise, at least Fiat fully, is that the firmar Fights" fue las becorre a Policy question.
Uder e Crfer diria human rights was institutionalised through Congressional action or U.S. a.id). Hernce the State DepartFrient's artial report. Before Marcos fell, one of the pressure traves af the US Seriale 1 as a bi-par. risan proposal to сиг оff" alІ economic and military aid.
It is this dial-hular rights equation that operates in rost doлог coилгries, from Canada ta the Nordic, front Pester Europe In Australia, Ald Sri Laika is heavily air-defielder.
ALL-INDIA RADIO
India did nor sponsor ar find a sporisor () ir tradice, a for Fral resolutior of Sri LIFlkri, ThLIF Sri Lankan die of Pawe f0 CENTSFF" the guestion of a retaliatory FESPOTSe.
However, professional IndiaWatchers, both iri goverFirnerzIr and the pro-governet redia, pricked up their ears when All-India
radio WaT& foto ir Ifigזfffffferror 7. The Were Course thë Ir 芷e (r。 o'er" ta High Ferra Tee
Tig etorf II or the protest-cut, by the generals four Opposition BIľdidrisť diťť C several MP5 est Pie IPTA sa FC Er riors to desiri sition écr l'isifs, taker p hy A ffordd i'r ichi yw'r State Dept. repa
This Ass The years that All ኵIQre “Official” had faker sp () issue involving Sir File:file.
Colorrbo-Haseł tored fiat the Iridi to "minority corn јцst the Таллі! п
DOCTORS
Firsr the doctis, Stargeois. Ard F. Orne of the recen Corri'r W7.5 title, the professioлаїу". sign of a larger iritelligerirsia?
(Continued on
GÜAR
Wol. 8 No. 22.
Price
Published fo Lanka Guardian F
No. 246, L COLOM
Editor: Mery Telephone:

T ỞY Sri Larik ulletiri of the iter was of
Partir de
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Fil 4's Ehre -αρρεα, τις πει: Cretaries of the
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on the use of :rgency regulairnhalese oppoTe 57e i'as, Festy Interracited by the "I).
first time in ridia radio, a dice Th(IFI PTT hurriar rights the Tiajority
diploits also I riore referred
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minority'.
TO DONS
"FFF, the der Ifall HY We dors. fel F i fils 'the revolt of Is it the first revolt of the
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March 15, 1885
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75 B
TRENDS LETTERS
CAN SRIMA DO AN AQUINO?
Can Sirima do an Aquino? asks Mervyn de Silva, our astu test poli Elcal journalist (L.G. 1 March 1986). The potency of this question derives from the extreme readiness of the human mind to be convinced by analogical argument. Howelse can one explain the incredible ease with which otherwise intelligent people become convinced of highly improbable things?
An analogy, of course, is the assertion that things which resemble each other in some respects will resemble each other in some further respect, Reduced to its bare bones, the hope that Sirima can do an Aquino is based on the faith that because Sirima has certain characteristics which belong to Aquino, she must have certain other characteristics which also belong to Aquino.
But, of course, there are pitfalls In analogy. Every analogy must break down at some point because to say that things are similar is not to imply that they are identical. A whale is like a fish in the shape of its body. Also, a Whale is like a fish in that it
CONTENTS
News Background 3. Arts Control and World Perica 3.
U. S. State Dept. on Human
Rights in Sri Lanka 5 Gorbachey's First Year 9
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Page 4
Ives in water, Nevertheless, a whale is not a fish; it is a mammal.
Like Aquino, Sirima's principal qualification for her role in history is that she is the widow of a political martуг. Like Aquino, Sir W5 just a fertile housewife before she assumed the top political job in her country. Like Aquino, Sirima had only a few weeks of political exper ence before she began to wield power. Like Aquing, Sirilla CT12 from a family which belonged to the political and economic oligarchy of her country. Like Aquino, Sirima attended a private school run by Roman Catholic nuns. Like Aquino, Sirima by professing to preserve the essence of free enterprise," is making herself highly acceptable to the captalist world, Like Aquino, Siríma became the ruler of her country thanks to tha cha in of emotions generated by the martyrdom of her husband. Finally, as with Aquino, so with Sirima, the price of her fame was the murder of her husband.
For all these similarities, there are also wital differences between the two WDITEn.
First: unlike Sirima, Aquino who has earned a degree in French and Mathematics, has a cultivated intelligепсе.
Second: un like Sirilmia, who will ba Well ower thre a score years and ten at the time of the next scheduled presidential election, Aquino fought her battle as a vigorous, healthy, erect, lightfooted, politically fresh woman of 53.
Third: un like Sirima, who ewan at the zenith of her vicarious appeal was unable or unwilling to fight even a peaceful election in July 1960. Aquino began he political career by pitting herself against
Marcos, knowing full well that Marcos had, as she said great experience in cheating, stealing
lying (and) assassinating political opponents."
Fourth; unlike Sirima, who when faced with Marcos-type thuggery and intimidation on her homeground at Attanagalla during the referendum in 1982, reacted only by
ignominiously with ling observers and to her principal P. (Hansard Wolume 2 ber 1982) Aquino streets against tyr
Fifth: uniko Sirim SLFP which is pac seeking back-biting double-crossing, efi Aquino derived ht millions of self-sac Idealistic, young F ready to fight necessary, to die
SikEh: un like Siri a realistic appr. value of committ activists, without
against authoritari
injustice could fought,
So: Car Slrti Tha
Surely if one has of a sense of t must Burst ot mera thought of at the fag-end doing an Aգuinol
Hegel it is Er important Persor occur, as it W Karl Marx point: whenever that tle it occurs second til Time AS the sa Ine PerSG on both occasion: nevitably be a til the thought,
Colombo
Mervyn de Sily
t askםח I did an Aquino ?' " Can Mrs. B. so meaning the pat Aquino, the Bh daughter) Mujit Zlaur Rahman's nie Mandela, W In asking this q intention to rai issue of extravism in a "close Cardinal Sin Call of the streets".

Hrawing her polwriting a letter litical opponent No. 18, Decemtok to the -Yחחa
a's present rum P ked with self, throat-cutting et mediocrittles r support from Ificling, Wilgor CL13, eople who were for her and if
for her.
ma, Aquino had sciation of the ad and militant whom no battle anism and social be successfully
do an Aquino ? even the ghost he absurd, one inughing at the dog-tired Sirima of her Career
ue, believed that hages in history rere, twice. As di out, ho We Wer occurs, the first as tragedy, the face. Ad i f Image is involved , the result must ragic farce. Perish
Carlo Fonseka
ra -- Write 5:
Can Sirima dC) 1y question read: low their path?", h taken by Согу uttos (widow and b's daughter and widow, and Wino 5 10 vido W. LI estion it W25 TIlY se the Important bar-illarmentary actild system" - what ed the parliament
To the question on the L. G. cover Can Sirimado an Aquino!". Prof. Carlo Fonseka has given a Categorical "No" with several Smartly argued reasons to support his reply. Like Karl, Carlo knows
all the answers. He gets full marks.
譬 轟 轟
The Fall of Marcos and the Shah of Iran
History, it is said, never repeats itself and this is true enough in tha real sense. Events, however, sometimes do unfold with a remarkable resemblance to historici precedent. In this latter sense, the fall of Ferdinand Marcos seemed to follow the scenario scripted by history for the ignominious exit of the 35t Shah of Iran.
Both Ten were ruthless tyrants, who sought to defend their despotic and corrupt regimes against the aspirations of their peoples with unvarnished repression, terror, assassination and torture. Both enjoyed the patronage of successive administrations in the United States, which described them as "true friends and reliable allies" and wowed them as rocks of stability against "communist subversion". In the event, the rocks were found to be resting on shifting sands and Wеге 5Wept, aWay: Пот. by cחסmunist subversion, But by the Indomitable will of the People,
In the last days of their rule, both cowered timorously in their palaces, surrounded by loyal guards, desperately trying to cling on to the fast wanish ing threads of power.
Outside, the people poured into the streets in hundreds of thousands and with gathering momentum, the armed forces went over to their Gide.
To complete the similarities, each sought to create a legendary background for himself, founded on myth. But the legends and the myths on which they were built melted in the harsh glare of reality.
(Continued on page 24)

Page 5
DELH ENTE FINAL PHAS
Mervyn de Silva
Ho Commissioner, Bernard Tillekeratne, our man in Delhi who was here last month is back in Colombo, So is Sri Lanka's Deputy high commissioner in Madras, Mr. Jayakody who spends even more time travelling back - and forth, Madras-Colombo. By an interesting coincidence the Indian High Commissioner in Colombo, Mr. Dixt flcW bäck from Delhi in the same plane as his Sri Lankan counterpart.
These comings-and-goings, interpersed at both ends by toplevel consultations and confidential exchanges, hawe marked an unusually eventful three weeks that began with the Rajya Sabha debate on Feb. 25 (See "An Indian consensus) and ended with the Sri Lankan reply to the Indian reply to the Sri Lankan mote of Märch 1, itself a reply to External Affairs Minister Bhagat's statement and re
marks in the parliamentary debate.
While the public impression
here is of an ill-tempered slanging match, it would be a serious mistake to conclude that it is only a War of words. At least on the Indian side, it follows what the LG reported exclusively in its Feb. 15 issue as a "major policy review" on Sri Lanka by India's highest policy -making body, the Political Affairs Committee of the Cabinet. It is on ourside of the Palk Straits that the statements, the debates, the formal replies and other high-level responses show the signs of a purely re-active diplomacy and ad hoc assessments and instant-judgments; decidedly not the measured expression of a carefully considered, concerted policy.
In talking to Delhi, Colombo appears to have only one serious
argument, If
Colombo, Crac the Madras-bas the flow of it from Tamilnad 1e we1 of Wiolen and greatly re. itself, will i cre; Col dulciWe to al round of negot tical settlenel VW the TULE not addressing
that basic need
The rest is India in its la just that some
Precisely bec responses aL cac clearly the pro study and calc approach invite close analysis.
In the first ins 6 note, while is charge of *log operational bas only reaction baseless allega findamental qu bility. Is Sri Tmitted to a “pol The Indian wie a surprising blur
The militar GO Wer"In The Int O. repeated staten dership of the c to seeking a suggests that th Sri Lankan go seeks the coop tance of the in resolving it besets them, ca as an exercis its real motiva | alibi" is also
This in my o crucial paragta St:ltelle Il L.

RS THE
E
only Delhi, says ks down hard on icd "eelamists' and Licen and materia, 1 ill stops, then the ce Will be steadily duced. This, by ate the conditions 10 Te productive iations on a polit, which in our undermined by itself seriously to .
"polemics', and test note, has said What haughtily.
Ellise the Indian hstage seem more duct of patient lation, the Indian 5 – and IIlerit5 –
ta' Ince, the March Iloring Colombo's stical training and : facilities' (its
is a dismissive ions'), raises the estion of crediLanka really comitical settemelt". W is stated with tness and asperity:
actions of the Sri Lanka and ents by the leauntry in regard hilitary solution, assertion of the ernment that !ration and assisdian government le Crisis which only be regarded to camouflage ions'. The word used.
illion is the most l in the Indian
BACKGROUND
Next in importance is the reference to the security forces and the clever use of the phrase fout of terror" in describing why India has been forced to beat the heavy burden' of 125,000 refugees. Any student of international law. UN principles and resolutions,
and the diplomatic experience accumulated from a series of Crisis-situations where govern
Inents have invoked the principle of humanitarian intervention', will recognise its implications.
It is well known that more than 125,000 Sri Lankan nationals, who have been compelled to fiere their hones Out of terror at the repeated, indiscriminate and brutal actions of the Sri Lankan security forces have had to take refuge on India's soil. Despite the continuing influx of refugees, which has thrown a heavy burden, on India, the government of India has acted with restraint and attempted to maintain the traditional cordiality and Cooperation ini bilateral relations. The tone and contents of the Sri Lankan note do not reflect any reciprocations of this attempt”.
I am not in anyway suggesting that the option I mentioned will in fact be taken, but the diplomatic groundwork for such an
it option, if circumstances require
its use should be evident to any professional diplomat or student of international politics. Having underlined the fact of an absence of 'reciprocation", the Indian Note then goes on to define its own commitment again With a Temarkable tact and precision of language. It re-iterates its commitment to assist Sri Lanka. in the resolution of the crisis through a settlement which would enable the minority communities in Sri Lanka to obtain their legitimate aspirations.'
(Continued on page 4)

Page 6
Rajya Sabha debate on Feb. 25
An Indian Col
Shri B. R. Bhagat Mr. Deputy Chairman, Sir, I am grateful to a II the honourable Tembers,
particularly to the first honourable member, Mr. Bhandare, who raised this question and to all the others who have participated in this discussion today.
Sir let me, at the outset, say that I share their concern, and a one With the honourable LaLLHaaL S LLLL S LLLLL LLLaLL LLLLLaLLLL concern grave concern, which they have expressed over this on-going traglc drarna,..
Shr! Thangցbddiu: bLJE IE is a fact,
Shri B. R. Bhagat. where innocent ethnic Tarn's condition are becoming everyday Worse and worse off. So, let The Assure them that there is no laxity or passivity on the part of
Not a drama.
lkaחLa| חין 5 חו
the government so far as this question is concerned. We give it the topmost priority. Although
I cannot use the same language...
Sir Aladi Arn Aflis W. Arundchalam: You please Lunderstand now.
Shri B. R. Bhagat I have listened
to you all patiently. So, kindly listen. Although I cannot use the same language which you used,
Sir S. W. Dabei Te || Lug what you are going to do.
Shri B. R. Bhagat. This is a LLLHHHHHHH SSLLLLL S La aLaLLLL S S LLLL S S L L two sides to this,
Shr:I B. R. Bhagat (Contd.) that is why I am saying that I cannot use the language that you hawe expressed. But certainly I can only say that when you say that the statement is very mild, that the statement should hawe been...
Shri Murasoli Maran: Like Prime Minister Indira Gandhi you can say that... (interruptions)
Shri B. R. Bagat; I can appreciate your sentinents and emotions. But you should also see that this is not your private problem or it is not a problem of one section of the country. I appreciate the
4.
De[Hi ., , ,
Ho, Member WH Te moet orie Sec lation, they are thereby that the |5 exer:C5, AI cised, owe this ir I say" all memb it that it is no Tami || Nadu. It of one section in the country, of the entre ca
Now, express this the very fi Statement says:
Government Carrheid over Lanka..."
Thon, about
II y es lost, w
| The IIGSE 5 sing result
crisis is the Hi ha t of tha iwas ||1||GEEft 5Fi
(Coried /
While the is ("communities'')
Ils Wer LG Lhle thält II dia’s com focus scil an oil munity (the Ta II lills - the comlt Other Words, of eastern provinc; conception of t this settle II ent possess which examination.
Tille-Till I an appropriate Work which kee and Leritorial Laikal”.
Since federali to the Wast māj the Te is ä Ëe lility' and 'unit With "unitary', tional structure.

nsensus ?
Io said that they tion of the popuIпdiапs, пneапіпg a whole country SCt05 a TE. EXETmatte. And Wher
ers, let us tåke t a question of is not a question bf the population it is a question Un City.
마g DIT CITT O" T "st sentence of my
is gravely Conthig ri5i5 im Sri
the properties and We haye Sald:
Srious and distresof the continuing cycle of violence akena heavy toll
and property of Lanka civilians."
I have a stronger statement.
(interruptions) Somme Hon. Member 5: We do not Want a stronger statement. W want action. (Interruptions)
Shri R. Mohandrargari: Statement a long i 5 mot sufficielt. What about the action
Shri B. R. Bhagat I am coming to that.
Shri ArUrld Al Jdi All Is W. Arundchalam (Tarrill Nadu): You have disclosed the state of affairs.
Shri B. R. Bhagat I am in the hands of the House. Do they want me to answer the points that they have raised 2 The first point they made that the statement is very dissappointing, the statement
is weak. I am answering that point, Actions I will come to later. Let us agree that the crisis
is grawe, serious and it is continuing crisis. It has taken a heavy toll of lives and property, and it is a very tragic situation.
rot page 3)
e of the plurali could c ill Sri Lanka. Il cha Tgc eIII is exclusively e Illinority coll1ils, not the Musentious issue, in the racially mixed 2) it is the Indian he 5 LITLICtLII Te that should ideally LleTits i Clb5 er
Commendation is political frameis intact the unity integrity of Sri
SIT1 is El Llathiellä ority of Sinhalese, idency to regard 2d as synonymous C) lil T. Will CCT) listit Lill
Of course this
is a simple case of semantic confusion All Sri Lankan statements resort to the term 'unitary', Such stal tements even suggest that this is the common Sri LikaIndian position, whereas since August 12, 1983, when Mrs. Indira Gälli hii i 55 Lled the first of hēT statements on the post-July crisis, the word used is unity" or united'. At the back of this two-track discussion is What Seimator Kennedy calls the American or Indian federal model or what others call quasi-federal solutions.
I asked a veteri Sri Linkan diplomat how he would assess the fast-moving developments of the past fortnight or so. His answer was most interesting. If you look back to July-August 1983 and Mrs. Gandhi's initial reaction to the influx of refugees - she said at Bombay airport that it was "unacceptable' - then these recent developments suggest that Iпdisаш diplошacy wis-in-wis Our crisis is II noving into the final stage”.

Page 7
Having said that, sir, now come to the actions part. The Prime Minister has a framework of policy to build friendly relationship with all our neighbours. This is and of the points which has been raised over and over again. One Hon. Thember even said that we have no good relations with any of our neighbours. But in our foreign policy it is a very high priority item that we are trying to build up friendly and good neighbourly relations,
Shri R. Mohanarangam: Even at the cost of Indian lives 2
Shri B. R. Bagat: Please. In that spirit we said that we assist the Sri Lankan government in bringing about a peaceful solution of this problem. This is the genesis of the whole thing. An hon, member criticised: you have not made any progress. Rightly so. We think the problem is there. It is far worse today. The suggestion that they imply is: What is the alternative 2 Well, we are engaged in bringing about a peaceful solution to this problem, and we are not unaware of the negative trends in Sri Lanka which adversely affect towards the solution. (Interruptions) Well, let them make all the points they want to make. I do not want to be interrupted like this.
Mr. Deputy Chairman: Don't interrupt the minister.
Shri B. R. Bhagat. Otherwise they will say that I have not answered. At the end of my reply, if there are any points, I will answer. But I beg of you not to disturb me. My hon. friend has interrupted. I have to recapture it. (interruptions)lt 5 avery Sensitive matter. It affects the lives of millions of our people, our own kith and kin, who are living there. The real difficulty was the ambivalent and the evasive issues in the minds of tho Sri Lankan authorities about this matter. You have quoted many statements and want to join issue with you in this matter. It appears to me that while the Sri Lankan government were professing that they want a political solution, they were in their heart of hearts or in actual fact, opting for a military solution. This is the biggest difficulty. We have been pointing it
out to them, Was initiated, W we pick up the Solution, the cea 5 be implemented. be a single case. come and Say It lation from the in order to IT Wolation from it not a very cate But this is wish lating statement. so in this hou 5 told them at there are more the side of St forces and innocer are being killed. for numbers, W numbers.
Sir S. W. D. about the Indian ki || ed.
Shri B. R. Bhag that also. I am di Tem algo. That of the subject. different figures. or 8OOO have be the statement, that they have t of life and prope to verify the ex various papers hav We have been them. Sri Lanka parliament and o making different have been trying facts. You know It is difficult to of all those who or the amount has been dama make this state fear of contradic of life has been larly, the damag substantial. Rece cone that a mu of people have b people were wo Even innocent pe who were harves have been killed Serio L 5 Tatter". Cular expression. different expressi the opportunity pression that yol It was said that element of geno

When the ceasefire fe said that Ebeforg threads of political efire must honestiy There should not Then they would hat there is wicmilitant sldը and eet It, there is heir side. This is gorical statement. y-Washy and vacilWe hawa said è and We hawe Yery point that Wiolations from | Lankan security litt People, civilians, You hawe asked 'e hawe given the
be: We have asked fishermen being
at I will give you eating with fisheris also a part You have given Some says 7000 en ke deve il We hawe state aken a heavy toIII "ty. It is difficult iČt number. The e published them. irying to verify Government, in Li t5 de hawe been State IIIE 5. Mo to verify those the diffic LI Ilie. Verify the number hawe been ki|| cd f property that ed. But I can ent without any iom that the to 1 substantial. SimiEO Property is tly, reports have h larger number ten killed. These king in the fields. ple and workers
ing their crops is is a very шsed a parti
You can use a n1. I do not hawe if using the ex
have been using.
there was an de.
Shri Murasoli Maran: It is geno. Sida.
Shri B. R. Bhagat. You can Say so. It is a way of saying, there. fore, the situation has deterlorated. At one point we were 5 ауіпg, that let the ceasefire be observe in totality. It has not only not been observed, but now It has Come to a situation in which Sri Lankan security forces are engaged in killing their own innocent unarmed citizens. This Véry Sericus situation, even the Prime Minister has said so. He said: "To tackle or to deal with the extremists is one thing. But to indulge in indiscriminate ki iling of your own citizens of your own innocent people and unarmed people, L5 quita a diferent matter altogether". And we have come to this Stage now. Wa have condemned it. The whole house has Condemned it. It needs condem tion. A question was asked whe ther. We are going to raise this In the human rights commission yes. Mr. Gurda Sihgh Dhion 5 the leader of the Indian dellegation and the Human Rights Commission is meeting in Geneva. And we hawa asked him to raisc this matter in the Human Rights Commission. This meeting is going on.
Shri B. R. Bhagat. He is going
to do it. But in that, you should also know that quick solutions no E POSS ble - you know, UN
system - because thio Sri Lankan GoWernment will| hawe the right to reply on these matters. But the matter will be raised because it is question of human rights. The difference with us who are dealing with it is that Sri Lanka is mot a part of India. It is an independent country.
An Hon. Member What a found statement
Shri R. Mohandrangam. This is the anSWer. We get every time and in the meantime the entire Tami race will be eliminated from there.
Mr. Deputy Chairman: Let him finish.
Shri B. R. Bhagat. There were two Premises here. The first premise was that this is an internal problem of Sri Lanka and any solution has to come within the framework of the unity and integrity of Sri
PTC

Page 8
Lanka. This was the first premise of the political solution. Secondly, this matter cannot be solved through a military solution. And it has to be solved through a political solution. Politically it has to be through peaceful negotiations, So far as we the government of India are concerned, we have a absolutely struck to the International behaw lour, cwilized behla Your and we want to strengthen it and in no way we want to compromise with the unity or any other forces which want to disintegrate Sri Lanka. But on the other hand We say, it more with sorrow and not in condemnation that the Sri Lankan government hawe i not followed the second premise that this is a political solution. It should be done through negotiations around the table and not through a military solution. They have always been tempted to go towards that. And the result is that the Situation has deteriorated and it is Worsening.
Arı Han. Member: How are you going to solve the problem?
Shri B. R. Bhagat. Therefore, the action now. Now the position is that the time is fast running out. We hawe no Tore time to lose. The hon. members have expressed. All of them have expressed that We must golwe this question and we must do something. And we have called our High Commissioner. We are formulating our programme of action. We are going to make our position absolutely clear on these things that firstly the Sri Lankan government must enquire or set up immediately in a manner that it gives credibility to the people there an independent enquiry into the killings that have taken place. They seem to have reportedly set up some military committee or something. That is not going to create any confidence in anybody's mind. Therefore, immediately they must enquire into and find out what has happened and take action on their military personnel if they have misbehaved, if they have acted grossly violating a || the norrThs of behaviour of a government or of a military Conduct. So, this is the minimum that they hawe to do because every day the situation is deteriorating. There is no credibility
and there is no the people, vi amo| groups and the Sri Lankan govern bers here hawe ; Sri Lankan goverr one thing and do were talking a solution and pre; tary action. Mer a question about Wisit there. The asked why Presi Sri Lārka. No W a 15W et this. Ho" this question ? the President of to wist, how car
question ?
Shri B. R. Bhag important, I k.
mean, is the they are getting. 15 intםם .vtםG
45515 Ea T1Ce think We know assistance for tra some | from Paki: hatted Mossad, W|| Wolved, We are got this news an hawe also 5 ald African regime there. The SLG they want to terrorist activitie Qu are{סחlסp Wärt to del wit activities those engaged in vlolen and killings, we thing. But if yo your military mig your own civilian people, that is thing absolutely. doubt about it a the present situa fast running out. that in this si solution is no st only aggravate th will create unto the people of thi itself. U ou ask hi We hawe, We ha th" בן חסוח השחeוחם וח refugees who are any political Solut Wed at Condition5 so that not only gees Come but the who hawe i return Lo SL In

Confidence among ng the Tamilian leaders in the mant. The retlso said that the ment Were saying Ing another. They bout a political Jaring for a millmbers hawa Taised Presidente Zia"5 Tembers haye definit Zila wilsited yQ LI Want me CO W can answer (interruptions). If Pakistan varts answer this
TE But What ||5 now what you assistance that The Sri Lankan that they are . From where, ". They have got ining their perStan o'r ewen the 1ich Is als Inold. We haya di so Te Tebet:5 that the SEuth is also involved s position is that e a With the 5. That is the making. If you h the terrorist Jeople who are ce and disruption that is one u have prepared ht to deal with people, unarmed quite another There is no ind therefore in tom tha time 5 Westi II ble || eye cuation military olution. It Wil || he problem. It d sufferings for 2 country in SL ow many refugees We now, at the an 25 thousand living here. In ion that i5 a r"rimust be Created 10 more refuevery one of COIThe hete TiLISt safety and in
dignity. We cannot say that the SLG cannot provide that climate at the moment because the Conflict is going on in which a large number of civilian casualties are taking place and this is a condtion in which more people are coming away and you see that in order to protect our fishermen We hawe taken our ships and our nawy is there. I said there arte two problems in this. Firstly, that there is no attack on our fishermen in their legitimate duties of fishing because it is the source of their livelihood, as long as they are in the Indian waters, internal waters, and the second question is that we should prevent intrusion either from their nawy or military boats or their fisher Then coming into our Waters and this our nawy and Coast guards are in a position to safeguard. As you know, there is no exact demarcation on the waters as to where the Indian line ends and SL territory begins and there may be ina dwertent intrusions into the SL waters and if they take action ä5 || Said before we hawe to deal with this question in a humane manner as We deal with such intrusions, in a humane manner. If it is a deliberate one, certainly action has to be taken. We are quite alert on this and We can assure the hon member on this that We will safeguard the legtil Tate Interests of a II ou fisher men who are pursuing their liwellhood in Indian water.
Finally, Sir, I would like to say that we are working on the TULF proposal which was given. We are working on it. And on the SL earlier proposals we are trying to narrow the gap between the two positions. But meanwhile, at the point when our Foreign Sec was on the way to SL and he had actually reached Madras to have talks with the SLG to have a final round of talks so as to bridge the gap between two positions, the SL official position, a note, came on the TULF propoSals which we considered absolutely negati we.
They were not agreeing to any point. Therefore, on that point We thought there was no use our Foreign Sec going and talking to

Page 9
the SL authorities and We called hlm back. The position Is that there are very clear elements of a political solution. SLG has again said that they believe in political solution. I am one with the hon, members that this matter cannot go on drifting any further. We must have a timeframe, a small timeframe, a week or two weeks or three weeks, or a month but not more than a month, in which political solution has to be reached. We cannot allow SLG to drag their feet on this question. Elements of a political solution are very clear that there should be real political devolution.
Some hon members asked whether we are aware of security threats from either the Trincomale base or because of some of the actions they are taking by trying to shift away the eastern provinces. Yes, we are certain. That Is One of the normal le gitmate duty of the govt. SL is a non-aligned country although we are aware of certain facilities of
calling on to it ships belong t but we are no hawe given awa: outside power. are saying that important elem devolution. Wil content of the in which law a must rest With sembly, the col deal with the that they are : of the safety : citizens in thos very Important, ʼ is land settlemen bers made this land settlement during this peri being made to phic character c vinces by settl population and d :Thl .חסpulatiסp done. This is W. tion of land 5e arte aware of It care of the pop
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a ports by certain outside powers aware that they the base to any They denylt. We there is another it in the political Want to know olitical devolution d order powers the provincial ascils, in order to aw and order so ble to take care ld protection of areas: that is he important thing ... Some hon mempoint that through that is going in od, an effort is change demograf the eastern prong more Sinhala rifting away Tamils should not be ry Important questlement and We and this takes lation composition
of eastern provinces. As I said, the provincial councils must have real decentralised powers and we are giving concrete shape to it, and this is the way to bridge the gap between the SL position, and since they have now expressed their willinginess to talk and discuss and finalise the position on the TULF proposals. We want to achieve a peaceful solution to the problem within a small time-frame We are discussing this position at the moment, We are engaged in it and We Will made it known before negotiations start. We want to make the Content of the politica solution as considered Teasonable by us, also within a time frame. These two points will be communicated to SLG before the negotiations start so that we bring about a peaceful end to this problem so that SL authorities ach leve peace and the Tamil population can live with dignity and with a secure future and stability, peace is restored in this region. Thank you.
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Page 11
Protest against wave
ho general secretaries of the SLFP, SLMP, LSSP and CP. President of the Bar Association,
Mr. Nima Senanayake PC, a representative section of the Buddhist and Christian clergy,
members of Parliament and leading academics, artists and intellectuals have signed a statement protesting against the current Wave of arrests in the South and asking it to desist" from the use of the PTA and emergency laws "to persecute political opponents".
The statement says:
Through this repressive course,
the State is seeking to resolve the mounting problems created by its political and economic Policles.
Where the government is free to arrest and detain persons without the obligation which exists under the normal law to produce tham before a courts, there is a great danger that these powers can be used against members of opposition parties and other organisations which are viewed with disfavour by the authoritics so as to 5 ta TP out legitimate democratic rights of dissent and criticism.
We call upon progressive and democratic orgnisations, political Parties and trade unions, students and Intellectuals to exert Pressure on the goyernment to compel it to desist from the use of these laws to persecute their political opponents and, in connection with these arrests, to act in conformity with the normal process of law.
In the meantime, we ca II UPחס the government to make public the names of all those arrested,
to give due access to families and lawyers to ensure that they are held in humane conditions
and free from harassment, physical
Coercion, torture and death. We also urge that inquiries and investigations are expeditiously
conducted and the detainees either released or produced before the Judiciary, under the normal law.
CONVENOR5
Armara sirt Dod *b;ysekera, Guila. KUTAT - Jayawarde dasa, S. C. Punch Xiaya Kumaratung Grian Inbhiwamsa, W ä55 i Dayan Jayảti Dr. New Lori Guna. Sarath Mutthetuu Abeysekera, Wijitha Serianayake P Dharmasen Pathira
di, Prof. Osmu Siri Wardene, SLUIT Wa5 Lidewi Narayakk: Wardenle, Seyak: Y
Clergy -
Wern. A TIP HEye DF Sara nämda, Wen. FKaYisigamu wa Rewat Stob hitha, Wen. Ni loka, Wen. R. Rata A. de Silva, Wan. raithne, Wen. A. G. Virgisira, yen. ankara, Raw, Kenn land Wefa Pannawa Rev. S. K. Parera, Yep. Vegoda Ar grlyle Mediamanda, Urirananda, Wen, K Wični. Ko Ananda, Ananda, Wen F. 도. L. C. Knight, W tha, Wen. P. Sir Caspersz.
Political Organisa
A. M. Karumaratin Abeywceral (SLFP), Maithripsi la Sirisen appuhiny (Desa W Dassanayake (SLFP), Wage (MEP, Anuru. K. A. Wimaläpala
yakordy MP (SLFP), (CCP), Raja Koliure Pullach.chi (SLFP). Катипа гаспе (NSSP), (SLFP), K. Thiranaga legi Ishak, MP (SLI (LSSF), Richard Fath Perera (RMP), W. Sangamaya), Wimal F
Trade Unionists -
Alavi Maulani, Chandrasema Ana madi Silva L. B. Wangas dasa, P. Amaradiwak En la Ronnie Perer W. L. D. Anton Jay Asakura, C. G. Malla Warachchi, J.A, Pan dith a M. Wildana drasen, Ranjith He Кагшпаrаtng, Padmin langakaon, B. A. . warichchi, G. D. Dah

of arrests
oda - FMP, Charles ma Mahani Filma, Dr. Premiasir-1 Kemaewa, Sunil Bastian, Wic in We llawn title 1. Batapola Anomake, H, N. Fcrmando, nghe, Redley Silva, gama - MF Sunila Guraratre, Dr, WiGf. Carlo Fonseka, , Jayaratna Maliyai Jayaratne, Reggie hra Gunawardene, "a, Wi Wiene Gohan Dewa manda,
1 IT mak | th thi, Wen, D. Chandragiri Wen. HAI Wan. Madulua We yaganuWe Dhammanapala, Rev. Shelton Watara pola Nandaanarätina Werl. D. ltհthuբana DհոmaBeth Fermando, Wen. na Rew. N. Rose, Wen. T. Guinasiri, ādewa, Wen, BandaWen. Ha a thigam mana ::Arartnbe I GLI ni Barnanda, Wen, Mureth thictu Ne bhammakith thi, Rev. n, The Watta Nägi
Sangara, Rev. Paul
tions -
ie (SLFP), Indrapala
K. P. Silva (SLFP) (SLFP), P. M. Podl imukthi), Somasarā Thlka Pinnlduha Rat watte (SLFP) (NICP), Lakshman N. Shan rmugath as:An (SLCP). Sunil PerumDr. Wickrema bahu Arya Bullego da ma (NCP), M. Ha -- | FP), Bernard Soysa || irana (SLFP), T. N. Disanayake (Janatha Rodrigo (LSSP).
3. Francis Perera, I, G. H. Priyantha kera, M. C. Piyaara, Raja Premaта, 5. Sathiyapala, Farcus, Ariyadasa Punchihewa. D. 5, K. Petera, L. W. ge, P. G. Chantiarachchi, S.D. Palliyaguru, K. Arthur, C. Malla. La mayake, K. Batu - 1
wantu dawe, Leslie Devendra, Nina G. Punchi hewa, R. Abey Wickremia, Robert Perera, S. Kalanıscoriya, V. L, Percra, Wimnasiri de Mel.
Others -
A. M. Navaratna Bandara, D. N. Na dunga, Dilip Rohana, Garnini Ameriasekcra, Gamīni Yapa, H. A. Perera, G. B. Keerawela Jayanath Pandi tharathne, L. B. Wangasekera, Lakshminan LLLYKKLKLLLLSS aS 0S LSLLLLLLLCCLLLLLLLLKS LLS Nanda Jayasinghe, P. Dewara, P. Kula
sekera, Dr. P. D. Kannangara, F. S. Cangari jah, Raja Wietunge, Ronald F. J. Abeysockera, Sepali Kotte goda,
Tara Coomaraswamy, Wasantha Wittachchi, T. Č, Nina Senanayake, Anita Fernando, Chitra Fernando, Jeffrey Abaysekera, Kuliyapitiya Prananda, Nellum Gunayekera, Padmin| Weerasooriya, Sr.|- yani Perera, Winsantha Somaratmı, Anne Ab gysekera, Daya Nissanka, Douglas Siriwardene, Gamini Haith the Luwegama, Gran wille Rodrigo, H. A. I. Goonet leke, Јапака, WImalaratne, Jayaweera Amerа... tunge, Karunia Perera, Leena Irene, Hapu. tharthiri, Manel Tampoe, Neelan Thiruche vam, P. Sothinathan, Prins, Rajagoo
(Сопtiпшеd on page 12)
The “Foreign' craze
Whit. It saying?
the Tian-in-the 5 treet
First Citizen (proudly) : no'W, 5 Ludda 5 (whi ta pairing our roads
'''So, men) are re
Second Citizen (more proudly): "Some more development and we can get them to sweep the streets'.
A major city underground repair ob may require foreign supervisors but Hulstsdorp 2 Surely the legal profession is not only over-crowded but crowded with luminaries in each
branch of the law. Why then "foreign law firms"
A Bar Council committee comprising its President, Mr. Ninal Senana yake FC, Dr. H. W. JayeWardene, past president, and Mr.
Sanaka Weera ratne has now drawn the line to recommond that:
(a) No person who has not been Cnrolled as an attorney-at-law by the Supreme Court can appear as a lawyer in any court or tribunal or board of inquiry.
(b) Nilo person who has not been enrolled can file pleadings or issue LLLLLL L LLLLLLLHK S LLL S LLLL S L L L SK legal representative of any client.
(c) No person who has not been enrolled can interview or makc representations to ary governmental or semi-governmental authority.

Page 12
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Page 13
Integration, not assim
Th; CWC has recently been challenged to state its views on integration. Out position was set out many years ago and we have repeated the same ever since. The Ceylon Workers Congress is for integration of the population of the island to create a common Sri Lanka nationality, as long as its component parts like the Tamils of recent Indian origin are able to retain their social, cultural, religious and linguistic indentities. Integration yes, but no assimilstion. This, we think, is the only way that the ideal of national unity in diversity can be secured in a multi-racial, multi-linguistic and multi-religious society such as We have in Sri Lanka. It is for this reason that we accepted the policies of J. R. Jayawardena and the Cons
of Citizenship II With the Cons into operation
fore need to ITCSL TE LO I: tion of the peop cilt a T1 di mät
As an interim suggest that should conside electoral lists : boTL1 iTn the isl; applied or opt ship of any ot the proportion system now in , pWamping by on will not atise.
It is only W. political partici that it Will be ulate national, district plans that Will be
people and not
titution of 1978 and have co
operated With him and the
Government.
The Council, however, is of
the view that integration and the building of amity, peace, national reconciliation and unity cannot be achieved without bringing the Citizenship Laws still on the Statute Book in line With thic Constitution. The Constitution recognises only one nationality, that of a citizen of Sri Lanka. And there is therefore no need to retain the special citizenship laws enacted in the years 1948 to 1951. many governmental authorities are sill guided by these outdated laws which divide citizens into several categories. The time has come, in the national interest, to implement the Constitution provisions to recognise only one kind of Sri Lanka citizenship and nationality. This will help to eliminate separatist trends and thinking.
The council also feels that for national integration and unity, it is essential that there should be total political participation of all people who have this country for a home and are qualified to be
It is unfortunate that
citizens. But there is bound to be a time lag before a unifie system
TRENDS
(Сопtiлше d from" |
4f IFié пі0лівіі strictly econdric thing less than Ραακεί,
Recently the
CoMorpha LVF flyg Faculty talked
erre Tris
drid later decided their high-souri Work saras desig τητη ελεηαη: - 高(e。
Why should Sri Lалќалу и 10 tu Ij Ilirie. I if they worked a false stat is a live on a salary that of a mid-le a Private firr? the fif We War I C ferce. The cats The ges fure is F

ilation
aws in consonance itution can come and there is thereay'e 50IIle interim ure full participae in local governonal institutions.
measure. We would the Government
placing on the 11 those Who WeTe Ind and have not di for the CitizcIler country. With il representation ogue, fears about : group or another
hen the Te is ful|| lation of this kind possible to foi TIlprovincial or and programmes acceptable to the be detrimental
CWC
to the national interest. It is regretable that there are attempts to formulate and implement plans under various grandiose names like a Plan for the Hill Country. We will not accept any such plan if it is drawn up without our co-operation and ou T concurrence, especially when the plan will only serve sectarian, segregationist and divisive interests.
It is a pity that even after so much has happened to bring their country into the present mess with such sharp communal conflicts many people have not learnt the lesson that states evergone in the face. The C.W.C. Will therefore oppose any plan that Will Lend to di Wide and Ilot unite the country. The C.W.C. wants integration. Without assimilation to ensure national unity and will oppose all plans and programmes that run counter to this.
bage I)
I, fe issue is - ir fact, 10. the monthly pay
rofessors of the sity's Science out from the Trid laboratories to throw away ing Titles arid för F. Tier 20% alry
ighly qualified o collad earr iேr la Sாார abroad fair Irrying title arid iIIIg hétter IIIII Es elective ir
effer reidrice file e pre! is laterial; o Fall.
PISTOLPACKING POLITICO
Not a Week passes Holthoff some pious platform sermon by a prominent politician on the moral decline of our society and fie Iarlessness and violence which ravage this laid of Ahirsa, But bet byeen moralistic postures Irid personal Irrid collective conduct the credibility gap keeps wideling. Every леиspaper iл гhis country риг олirs froлгpage the incident in which a UNP politico pulled o i revoler I e MP'. hostel and fired it at sole lowly ஒரிசtal that had Hor rended) his request for a phone call. The pistol has been taken by The police, arid irqizi ries invstirured.
But the Liber of iricidents involving for politicians who have taker e lay I foi feir
OWI rands are courtless,
No order ar. Opposition MP asked a UNP'er when he rosa to speak the other day: "How's Manila?"

Page 14
Sarachchandra on
Reading your journal, the arriwal of which I look for Ward to ca gcrly, has I made Time a sa dide T but a Wiser man. It is the misfortune of the human being that, although Truth is an ultimate good, knowledge of the truth does not always bring him happiness. Ignorance is, often, bliss. I Wonder how many people in the South realise the extent of the su flerings that our breithren, the Tamil people of this country, have been undergoing for so long and are undergoing at the present moment. People to whom I have spoken do not believe What I say, Or they do not want to. Their senses are dulled by the sound of the Lamash;is around the IT, thic scores of the cricket matches, the bailas broadcast by
the State radio and the Nandala Winda na comedies on T. W. They will not realise anything until they are themselves touched by this Evil that is stalking the Country.
But what I feel most difficult to cope With is a feeling of utter helplessness in the face of all this. My friend Dr. Sivathamby
Protest against. . .
(Continued from page 9)
Tiya, Jayati lekea Kammallaw cera, Radhika
Coomaraswamy, Hector AbeyWardana, S. Fathmanathan, Serena Tennakoon, W. Nandakuta, Prof. W. A. Wiswa
Warnapala, Audrey Rebera, E. M. Bandara Manike, Prof. K. Swatha mby, Kumu diri i Samuel, Nimalka Fernando, Patrick Fermando, Surlanda Deshapriya, Vincent Wijenayake, Dr. B. Gajameragedara, Desmond Malikarachchi, Edwin Kothaawala, Gamini Samarangalla, Dr. Frank Jayasinghe, H. S. Bandara, Jani Silva, LS LLHHLLLLHHLLLLHSS LSaS LLaLLLLSSS SS LLLHHLS charnby, Dr. Nalin de Silva, Newton Perera, N, Velmuruga, Nelson Edir|- we era, Prof. R. A. L. H. Gunawardene, Raja Uswetlikeiawa, Rohana L. Piyada sa, Si Thalalnathan, T. S. Plyadasa, W. L. Wira sinha, Y. Ranjith Ameria singhe, B. M. Piya sena, E. W. App uhamy, Kamla Rana tunge, N. M. X. Sornabala, Nandaina Mara singhe, Sarah Fernando, S. Balakrishnan, Nimala Balaratna rtn.
said this?
“Fa
asked Ille to But to whom? what? Merely senseless killin, be of any avail. more importan |
TH foIInula for pit be evolved in sanity. There sanity now The hawe lost their Fear of unknoW landmines and tence before th have dTiwell th The psychology them reminds ilci del L i 1 L where, in almost talces b LI t om regular army u guerillas. You LI 5 of the inici year, in which berserk, shot st dead. Now i and you have : Vertible evident is not fabricate of El Talli Wh the gun-shots, Who Was aD1 ey
I don't presu propose a solu militants Illst arms, as the P. he will withd Forces, cor the must be withdra' tants must agTE their arms. C these two even simultaneously.
Of course, donc, as We S : of the Thimpu write, the killi: in the mid-cou Tiebers of the as well_{15 Sinh and the economy
I am raising among thousan that the Simhril this War. We

acing the truth’
lake an appeal. And asking for to say, 'Stop this g is not going to How many people, E than I altı, have Te must be 50 milie :ace, and this can an atmosphere of is, obviously, no Security Forces balance of mind. in death-traps like their own impo1е ШпSeen enemy m. LO this state. that has gripped Luis of the My-Lai he Wietnam war Li similar ci TCL mSa larger scale nits were fighting journal reminds ent, in May last 1 a soldier going : Wen Tamil people is Killinochchi, adduced incontro:e to show that it d: the testimony 0 was injured by and of a Sinhalese (-Witness.
Inc. to be able to lion. Either the lay down their resident says, and aw the Security
Security Forces W Irland the milie to lay down T, by agreement, S must take place
his is not easily W froll the fate talk:5. While II g is taking place 1lгy as well, and Tamil community lese are suffering, may be badly hit.
my feeble voice s of others to say Se di 10 E Wat
Walt to live in
peace and amity with the Tamils and all other communities. Therefore, let whoever has the power to stop this War, stop it.
Let him not wave, let him not procrastinate, let him take the bold step that is needed, and in the end the forces of good and the forces of justice will be 0 Til his side.
Sincerely, Ediriwira Sarachchandra
(Courtesy - Saturday Review)
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Page 15
Arms control and world peace
The importanc interdependenc
M. de S.
as Mr. Reagan remained too
long at the White House or häs Mr. Mikhail Gorbachew arrived too early on the World scene" If leading Western Sovietologists are right in detecting a genuinely fresh approach and flexibility, and a conspicuous absence of the dogmatic and the doctrinaire in Mr. Gorbachev's policy statements in this his first year in office, then the familiar rigidities of Reaganite conservatism and the US leader's World outlook, reinforced by the fact of a lame duck' presidency reduce the chances of compatibility and matching response. Since it is the American approach to history and politics which places a greater emphasis on the Tole of the individual than on the “objective conditions' stressed by the standard Soviet View, it is the American analyst who is likely to conclude regretfully in ten or fifteen years time that this particular period in Soviet American Telations was full of missed opportunities.
Not that Mr. Reagan has been obstinately unresponsive to the new Soviet leader's path-breaking initiatives on the most Vitally important of bilateral (and global) issues; nuclear arms agreement. After Geneva, Mr. Reagan said that the superpower dialogue Was heading in the right direction'.
When Mr. Gorbachev made his Jan. 15 offer, We're grateful' exulted the US President. Yet, when Mr. Reagan made a counteroffer (the elimination of all medium-range nuclear missiles World wide in three years, with two different ways to do so) the Soviet Union found it pitifully limited in comparison to Mr. Gorbachev's plan to remove all nuclear weapons by 2000 A.D.
In an editor Soviet style in the Financial T
է:It has been | the day Mikhail to power in the Soviet foreign pi moved into high becoming clearer is also becoming and constructive respects, поге Soviet Union ha: and widest rang arms control pro tres on a 15 ye world of nuclea the big and by Inc. Yat that the space defence ри sumed in it is a cession that the ready to take all missiles out of does the same,
"(This) is a w But it is also with dangers prompting the
1 1 I 1 - history".
The COLIS Wet TCT e III should be cons interation bet
ples on the World. , . Such tial in ordet
Catas Erophe, in : sh Guld su Twiye.
"The prevail sent-day develt Corbination of frontation betw and in a grow Interdapendencé the world Corn cisely the way, of opposites,

e of
e
all Littled New foreign policy', IS WOt:
lear, almost since Gorbachev came Kremmlin thAt the licy machine had r gear. What is now is that it more imaginative | find in somը conciliatory. The | III de the lutest ing of its recent posals. This cenar plan to rid the r weapons, with W. Constant Soviet US first drop the 'ogram. But subn important conSoviet Union is its medium range Europe, if the US while Britain and
France could keep their existing nuclear arms but not modernise theim".
Is the offer in sincere, unrealistic, fraudulent? Mr. Rragan has only to prove America's greater commitment to World peace and detente by challenging the Soviet position and putting the credibility of the Soviet offer to the severest tests? But that is un likely, even improbable. Why? In his analysis of Mr. Gorbachev's mammoth 45,000 word speech to the CPSU congress, Ian Davidson, the noted British military and foreign affairs analyst, selected three passages from that speech as the most revealing of the new Gorbachev approach. (See Box),
Onc of these excerpts refers to the growing tendency of interdependence of the countries of the world community'.
Gorbachew speaks
ord full of hope . . . World Warloaded and contradictions, thought that perhaps El a larming period of
of history requires stently that thera "Luciti welaid creat Wes gen states and pegEa a of the entire literation is esseto prevent пішclear *der that civilisation,
g dialectics of pre
Ta L . Tissists in competition and conen the two systerns g tendency towards of the countries of unity. This is prehrough the struggle "ough arduous effort
EToping in the dark to some extent, 0 LLLLSaLaL S S LLLL L LLLLLLLHHLLLL but interdependent and in many ways integral world is taking shape".
Qr again:
"To ensure security is increasingly seen as a political problem, and it can only be resolved by political means . . . Needless to say, we attach considerable significance to the static and character of the relations betWan the Soviet Union and the USA. Our countries have quite a few points of coincidence, and there is the objective need to live in peace with each other to co-operate or in basis of equality and mutual benefit. . . The objective - emphasise, objective - conditions have takon shapo in which confrontatlon - between capitalism and socialism can proceed only and exclusively in forms of peaceful competition and peaceful contest."

Page 16
This clear headed, of El basic fact of ilte:Tlational life known to every informed student of World politics, comes, let us remember, from the head of what conventional Western
acceptience
thought defines as “an ideological
state', i.e. socialism, as against capitalism, generally presented as "democracy' rather in terms of any tism".
In short, Mr. Gorbachev, the leader of one superpower which is also the cita del of One “ism”, has unambiguously acknowledged an empirical truth, interdependence, Translated into the accepted idiom of military discourse, this
means the balance of power, strategic parity, mutual Vulnerability - the underpinning of
detente".
Does Mr. Rea rica (that is, th evidently voted honour his pledg rica, No. 1) s. opinions?
StET WT5
The for Iller the lS Air Fo Hoopes is now governing board Collite for
He Wrote recel the issues tha hawe to face
single decision Imore significant To face up to argued is also he called the termitial condition
WASHINGTON
President Rica.gan has responded LLLL L LLLLLL LLLLLL aLaL LLLLLLLHCaLatLLSS Jan. I5 arms-reduction offers by proposing to eliminate all US and Soviet Intermediate-range nuclear weapons worldwide within threa years, but suggesting two different Ways to do it.
LLLLLLLLL S LLLLLLG S LLLLLLL LLL Sunday that a letter from Reagan Dutlining his propos als has been dispatched to Moscow in time for Gorbachey to receye it before the opening of the Soviet communist party congress on Tuesday,
The new US positions are outlined In general termis in the letter to Gorbachev and conveyed in greater LLL CLL S CLLLLLLL L LLLLL LHHLHLLLL the weekend to LJ5 пegatilators in the Geneva Arms talks, officias Said.
Reзgaп ಙ್ಗ his positions in a meeting with top advisers aboard air for Ee Line returning from Grgnada en Thuriday following lengthy LLLLLLLL LL LLL LLL LLLLLLLLLL and week-long-consultations with US allies in Europe and Asia by GGHCLL S LLLLLL HLS LLLLCLCL L S SLL S S S LLLLLL and Edward L. Rowry,
Gorbach's Jan, 5 offers which LLLK LLLL KLLL LLLL L L L L LLLLLL Weapons of all typics by the end of century, caught the administraltian by surprise.H.L.를
While Reagan's immediate reaction HLHKLL LHHLLLLaaaS L aLLC CLCHGL LLL aLLLLLLLS nal debate about how to respond, cspecially to the intermediate-range
Reagan's P. R. exercis
nuclear force (INF see to hold the Act Lal agreement
TOT ES E WWE ; 3. L-ITPOWY K T.
Gorbachey's NF even more seriously Efter Ehe Soviet Edward M. Kennedy, that an agreement Could be ma de rega there was any progr on reducing strateg pons or banning ai OLIEET P3 Ce.
The Soviet leader nedy that his decisi to conto Was or July for another with Reagan, as th has proposed wol, whether majoro pri: made in the Ilean INF agreement or ban on nuclear Wei
By Calling for eli Insges Ebert II within three years բacing Gerbachey's that J5 and Scy, ra nga forcës bë Europe within th elght yезг5.
Čiflis 5aid tha the administration the public relation: while proposing a of reductions that Unexpectedy stron, pressed during the tatlons by Westerni and Japan.

gan and his i Amee Alle Trica which
hill to offic to e to make Annebscribe to these
indersecretary of ce, Mr. Townsend a 11eIIber of the of the Actical National Security. ntly that of all the US Would as a nation, no is likely to be than Star Wars. the challenge he to recognise what fundamental cxisLof our age'. The
) offers, which promise cf an gחiוחםם חWithl HC L'ANY O LIET
offert Was aan ... In Washington leader told Sen. D-Mass, FEB, 5. in this are ress of which
sig to hay Ted Ford i near WesTI TITS TIL E ir
* also told KerDI Esbo Ut Yhe ChET gtOn this Juri en summit mga ting e United States ildə depend orn gress :could be tiILE LLyHTH HT a Comptch emisiwa Pons Eesting.
T|Fiation of |NF Europe and Asia
Reagan is outsalסpם15pr:ווla et intermediateElimПta fra IT next flye to
t by doing Sa, hopes to regain initiative cyn
phased process trinkes Baccount of E misgivings exTECent ConsulEuropean allies
phrasing may be a little to airily philosophical for the average reader but what it actually represents is stated in the barest langulage. The fact is that Americans and Russians will live together or perish together'. (Mr. Hoopes does not s Parc a thought foT the vast majority of mankind whC. Will häựg to fHCg thc,5ãThu holocaust despite their own total lack of guilt in doomsday superpower follies.
What stops Mr. Reagan and like-minded policy makers and their supportive legions of recognising the 'existential condition'. Mr. Hoopes offers us two reasons: (a) El deep division in the Reagan camp on the fact of mutual vulnerability and (b) a deep ambivalence in the Aшегісап
psyche.
By instinct and heritage' he observes the US is a nation of Scando" Lumilaterilists. Historical experience hasde it difficult for Americans to accept the idea of interdependence, and even more difficult to cooperate with nations whose political philosophy Americans despise and whose power they fear. Americans have prefered eitlert Wilhel o destroy them. The trouble is that an attempt to destroy the now would very probably bring about US still 5 W'.
Mr. Reagan has had a remarkable string of successes in terīns of domestic pinion. He has an almost miraculous gift to recover from cvery blunder, LLL aaLLLL S aHLL S S LLLLLLaLLaaLLL LaLLLLS adventure, with his popularity enhanced ! He is arı ordinary politician, a Iman of the people, with few pretensions. Emboldened by his triumphs, his selfconfidence i 5 such tät He feels he can do nothing Wrong even in a world he does not quite comprehend. He is convinced that his luck will hold. In any case, the most popular president since Eisenhower, is a simpleminded man who is not ready to leave the White House or go down in History as the A Illerican who "surrendered to the
(Continued on page 20)

Page 17
Part
U. S. State De
Rights in Sri La
e. Den lal of Fair Public Trial
Generally speaking, an accused person is entitled to a fair trial in open court, is represented by counsel of his choice, and is apprised of the charges and evidence against him. Accused persons tried in the high court are provided an attorney if they need one, but no attorney is provided by the Government for defendants tried in other courts.
Although trial by jury is the custom, juries are not provided in trials under the Prevention of Terrorism Act on the grounds that jury members could be intimidated. Although the PTA has been in effect since 1979' and hundreds of people arrested under its terms, there had been only three trials under the act by mid-1985. Of those detained under the PTA who have been released, the large majarity Were held for a period of months and then set free without charges ever having been brought. The most publicized case of the trial of a PTA detainee, which began in November 1984, involved Fater AParnam Singaryar, who was arrested in November 1982 and charged With two offenses in February 1533. His trial on the first charge, that of with holding information from the Pole in a bank robbery case, was still under way at the end of 1985.
The independence of the Judiciary Constitutionally guaranteed. The Chief Justice and all judges of the Su Pirmę Court, courts of appeal, and high Courts are appoints by the President. The chief Just and two Supreme Court judges ComPrise a Judicial Serwice Cenmission which appoints, transfers, and dismisses all lower court judges,
The Judicial system in the northern Jaffna Peninsula has Wirtually ceased functioning due to intimida. tion by the Tamil militants. For most of 1985, police in the area
have not perfor law enforceman judges hawe trie
f. Arbs tarary II Wacy, Farmif| respondence
The Gowere vidual privacy as the family and it judiciary has a սpholding rights Ca 5:55, which rei Ordinarily, searc rants are requi enter Private pr Prevention of T ever, police office rank and g55 se rized by them witho Lui t a warrant any premises and ment or thing" presumption or e for, or involvem activity. Critics and military per: the hones of Tan
Monitoring of : known to be a despite a legation of the Governme their telephone
Section 7. Ret Rights, including
a. Freedom of
The Constitutior dom of speech including publicat Permits these g Te5tricted Flas II: By law in the Int
Security." Sri Lan free to express Priya te but may
under the emerg for making certair in public. Press t Effect for fiwe m articles relating t vities, security

ot. On anka
med their normal t actly ities and d only a few cases.
Interference With i PrITy, Horre, or Cor
int respects indi. 1d the sапctity of he home, and the good record of tC Privacy in those ach a high court. h and arrist warred In örder to emises. Under the irrorism Act, howr's above a certain nior officers authoIп writing may, e te Tid Search seize "any docuWhën the Te is a vidence of support eft with unlawful claim that police Omne | often enter mils Without cause.
telephones is not COIn mon practice, S by some critics nt that it taps i.e.,
ipect for Civil
Speech and Press
guarantees free
and expression ion," but it also Larantes o Ele
ly be prescribed terests of national kans are generally
their views in be prosecuted ency regulations
kinds of remarks ensorship was in in this in 1985 on
terroris at CPerations, and
Human
communal matters. After formal censorship was ended on July 18, tha Government asked the media to exercise restraint in publishing information on security-related sublects, and a measure of self-censorhip was apparently pracElced. In November, restrictions were placed on the Publication of press reports On the activit les of the Ceasefire Monitoring Committee.
The Government adopted on March 3 a more restrictive policy regarding issuance of press credenolals to foreign Correspondents. Sri Lankan diplomatic missions were authorized to review a correspondent's past reporting or that of his journal for fairness and accurac before a wisa and Press ဒြိုဂျိဋ္ဌိ{မျိုး were issued. In practice, however. many foreign journalists entered the Country in 1985 on tourist visas.
There also were some instances in 1985 in which indiwiduals were prosecuted for their statements. A Canadian citizen of Sri Lanka descent, who was chairman of the citizens committee of the east coast town of Kalmunal, was charged In May with sedition for makšng certain statements, principally re. peating to a foreign journalist a report he had given to the police about an alleged atrocity by the security forces. The Government accused him of relaying rumors and argued that it was irrelevant whether rumors were true. One pЕГ5 оп, arrested after distributing leaflets ať a demonstration by university students, was held for several days, then released.
Although the Government trols the country's largest news. Paper chain and owns the radio and television services, a Variety of independent newspapers and Journals Provide a füII range of viewpoints on foreign policy and most domestic matters. Many small circulation periodicals published by opposition political parties operate in din un restricted manner.
IO1 =

Page 18
Academic frcedom is generally respected. In January 1985, the parliament passed a billiamending the Universities Act of 1978. The amendments, among other things, provided formore government Control ower the selection of the senior university administrators, the Vice chancellors. Critics charged that the amendments undermined the country's system of free higher education and restricted - academic freedom by unduly increasing gowernment influence. There Were seweral, sometimes violent, demonstrations against the amendments in February and March. The Government responded by closing several universit les temporarily and arresting or forcibly dispersing protestors in somme instance 5. The Government also temporarily extended press censorship to matters pertaining to post secondary education.
b. Freedom of Peaceful
dd A550 totor
Assembly
The Constitution guarantees freedom of assembly and a55cciation and the right to form and join trade unions, Sri Lanka has an abundance of private associations, devoted to the promotion of business, professional, educational, religious, charitable, and humanitarian causes, which are free to maintain tles with international bodies. Howeyer, thore are a feW restrictions on free assembly and as 50ciation. One leftist political party, the Janatha Wimukti, Perramuna (JWP), has been proscribed since 1983. Under the emergency regulations, the President (or his designee) is empowered to prohibit public meetings which would be "likely to cause a disturbance to public order or promote disaffection."
In practice, the police issue permits for outdoor, public meet ings or processions and special permission. Es required for use of a loudspeaker. The question of Whether to issue a per mit Is left to the discretion of the superintendent or assistant superinterpent of an area, who may refuse a permit if he anticipates a breach of peace; in 1985 the practice of issuing permits sometimes appeared inconsistent. For example, one group
advocating a pea to Sri Lanka's co had several reque: tration permit5, del a group of politic leaders opposed t the peace talks with a permit for a Pli
Worker rights tected byסrק dחa workers may fort up their own Pl their own rePTE formulate program: expressly granted bargain collectively and employers at resolwe a disput arbitration syster Labor Department Officiers are Latie the country t employers fulfill contractual obliga and to be availabl in minor local di
Excepting publi yees, workers ar. in Sri Lanka and frequently, Unde regulations, the declare any bus Essental Service, illegal. During 98. used this poWE strikes or other je times. In the service employe workers in "es: the Government to discuss grieva гeргesentative, 8,000 workers during a strike a complaint agains In 1983 before Labor Organizati Freedom of As session of May committee urged Goyet to reinstate those Eger without 1980 and to c. as possible the union leaders charged in cont
980 strike.
Ower. I,000 || federations tog about one-third

eful settlement Tmuna conflict E5 for designsied. In Contrast, :a | and religio U5 o continuation of 1 Tamils received ublic meeting.
are recognized law. Any seven a Lor, d TāW ocedures, elect sentatives, and Wolkers T2 the right to When Workers e not a Ele to e, there is an n which involves officers. These bned throughout o assure that their legal and tions to workers for arbitration տբute5
c service emploe free to strike hawa do e 5 O the emergency President may iness to be an making a strike 5, the Government art to terminate ob actions Several case of public as as Well as sential services," generally agreed nces with a labor A group of the who were fired In 1980 brought t the Gowerm mer . the International חם - itt BeוחוחסC וחם sociation lln it5 -June 1985, the
the Sri Lanka o i5 Utr5 t. E0 workers who had amployment since onclude as rapidly trials of five trade
who had been lection with the
labor unions and ether represent
Շf the 5.9 million
-strong labor force. Workers in the nonplantation agricultural sector and most of those employed
In sma|| Busing5555, as Well as workers in the free trade zone ara not represented by Unions.
Employees in the zone participate In labor-management company associations. Although there are a few independent unions, most of the largest worker organizations are affiliated with political parties, freguently operate as arms of those parties, and play a significant role in the political process. Since worker organization's party affiliations are fixed, their memberships fluctuate depending on which is
the governing party. Despite constraints arising from their political affiliations, Sri Lankan In ion5 | hawe been effective in
improving conditions for workers. Many unions maintain ties with international labor federations and
de 5ECTE LA TILLS.
c. Freedom of Religion
Although the Constitution esta blishes Buddhism as thic official religion and requires the Govern ment "to protect and foster" Buddhism, it also guarantees the right of all Hindus, Muslims, and Christians to practice their religions freely. Most members of the majority. Sinhalese ethnic group arte Buddhists, while most. Tamils
are Hindu. There are Christians from both groups. Religious differences generally are not a
basis for discrimination. Sri Lankans of every faith are free to maintain links with coreligionists in other countries, as well as to undertake religious travel.
Two cabinet ministers are assigned the additional portfolios of Minister of Muslim Affairs and Minister of Hindu Affairs to deal with issues involving those minority religions.
d. Freedom of Movement. Within the Cошпtry. Foreigп Travel, Emigration, and Repatriation
The Constitution guarantees every
citizen i freedom of mowerment and of choosing his residence within Sri Lanka" and "freedom

Page 19
to return to Sri Lanka." These guarantees are generally honored. The present Government removed exit visa requirements imposed by its predecessor and now permits virtually un'impeded emigration and foreign travel. Many Sri Lankans have taken advantage of this policy to seek jobs abroad. According to some estimates, there were | 80,000 Sri Lankans working abroad in 1985.
Some Sri Lankans, predominantly young male Tamils, have sought refugee status or political asylum abroad on the grounds they are members of a persecuted minority. Despite the freedom to return
cited in the Constitution, in 1985 there were a few cases of returning Tamils being arrested
on arrival and detained for a period of days. Those detained either had traveled on forged passports or were suspected of narcotics offenses. The Government has said it does not take legal action or discriminate against those returning to Sri Lanka when their applications for asylum have been refused.
Refugees or . from other countr denied entry to Gowen Tent do refugees to stay even while the permanent reside
Due to CICE terrorists were fr from southern in Sri Lanka Willä til the Government of measures be 1984 which progr freedom of Toy area. Expanding surveillance Zone 1984, in Novemb the Government prohibited zone mies of Sri coastline. It a security zone in Peninsula. These it free Timoweriment ir Considerable extel virtually impossib number of fisher that area lo ezarri Thgge Festrictio nightly curfews
ARISTONS TOURS No. 5, Gower Street, COLOMBO 5.
Cabes: TURINTIDE
PHլյրը :
FOAR UMWELL OWERF A
ARISTONS GLOBAL REPUTATION IN THE FIELD ARISTON'S HAVE OPENED OUT N. EXPORTS IN AN ENDEAVOUR TO CO.
HEAD
ARISTO
5, GoWE Colon
588 436, 5

lisplaced persons ies arte generally
Sri Lanka. THE 25 not permit in the country sy are seekihg
te elsewhere.
rm that Tallii | equently crossing dia to northern 10. Falk Straits, adopted a series :inning in April assively restricted er ta on the maritimo imposed in April er of that year rin OLIII Cold a along some 200 Länka "S not the lso imposed a the entire Jaffna easures restricted the area to a 1 ånd Inada it le for the large The resident in their livelihood. is as well as In the NՃrէի
were gradually relaxed during the late spring of 1985. The curfew was terminated in July, but the restrictive zones remain technically in effect under the emergency regulations.
A5 a T5 ut of these restrictions as Well as the threat or fear of Becoming involved in the spreading communal violence, large numbers of Sri Lankans were displaced from their homes in 1985. According to some estimates, during the period 1983-1985 more that 100,000 Sri Larkan Tails sought refuge in the Indian state of Taf || Nadu, The Golygir ment estimates that as of year end some 45,000 persons were housed In refugee camps in Sri Lanka with another 94,000 having sought refuge elsewhere in the country (with friends or relatives). Of the total estimated 140,000 displaced persons, 88,000 are Tamils, 49,000 ate Sinhalese, and the Temainder Muslim. The continued unsettled security situation has made it difficult for these people to return to their homes.
(To be continued)
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Telex: 2,130.2 RUWAN

Page 20
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Page 21
Gorbachev's fi Acceleration is
Bhabani Sen Gupta
f for India 1985 was the year
of Rajiv Gandhi, for the world it i W5, the Year of Mikhai || Sergeyevich Gorbachow. Møre than any other world_leader, Gorbachow drew the limelight even before he was elected General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Sowjet Union con March II, 1985. For a whole year he has been striding the Worldscape of events
as a leader beaconing the third millenimum, while others hawe found it difficult to prevent the ground of leadership from slipping away from under their feet. Ronald Reagan, at 75 the oldest US President in office, is in the
twilight of his sunshine occupancy of the White House. In China, Deng Tsiaoping, at 82, is not as powerful as he was even in 1984. The sun of Margaret Thatcher is setting; that of Francais Mitter and has already Set. Gorbachow, in Contrast, has emerged in an astonshingly short span of time as the
world's single most compelling political personality perced with a passion to change, to move ahead.
He may well usher the Soviet Union into the 21st century as a rejuvenated superpower overcoming the two big lags that have left it significantly behind the United States in World leadership. The lag in economic management, and the lag in high grade technologies.
Americans see hill T as i So Wiet Kennedy - a vision that has been a Western nightmare for many years. Indeed his image in the United States and Western Europe is much higher than it is in the Sowiet Union. I || Hawe asked Six
The author is Research Professor at the CENTRE FOR FOLICY RESEARCH r New Def drd Luthar of THE FLLCRJM OF ASA'. He studied under Professor Erezil:ks at COLUMEA LJNIVERSTY.
ܒ
Soviet scholars
Wooks for a des chow's leadershi Tcpoated a wor Ar batow : Dyna CPSU Public re handed down as to da Colate e Mikhai Gorbach
TE WESE 5. bachov with aga adjectives. Whe understudy, he DCC BA Riasa, ha imm
tlü fÖL15 Of His British ir impressed with political skill". saw in the wi Gort of Johan Soviet-style". Ti Image swiftly tr; In the first yea of the USSR, G described in thi urbane candid, with energy, Int tient Seeker of brisk and ag tuil aftert Gorbachow leader, a corr Writerndt ford Hera up the Americ new Iman In thը with the first S. years who is E. and Vigorous, so stration officisgils di are insisting that reformed Sowet s. a far greater thre
Gorbachow'5 fi has kept Moscow toes. He has 5. after another on Ea a L5ead to : slow-moving, cau coils of its two cas, and see ming to be ruled by Tevolutionarie5.

rst year -
the catchword
In the läst fou cription of Gorbaip. All of them d used by Gorgi mic. As if the ations. Ten have N ap Prowed caption ch photograph of ה"הינם
S ET bellished GorIrland of glittering in as Chernenko's Wisited Britain in
With his wife ediately captured the mass media. terlocuters were his formidaba The mass media Siting couple 'a d Jackie Kennedy, The British-crafted avelled to the US. r of his leadership orbachow has bigan a US as healthy, capable, bristling !elligent, an impachange, modest, hsם חסוח מסTw ,ם: W5 elected CPSU !spondent of the ld Tribe summad an Wision of the : Kremlin. "Faced Jweit secJder in 3s) oth reform-minded The Reagan admininid kindred analysts
· Even g partially ystem will represent at to US interests".
St. year in power -Watchers on their rung one surprise a World that had at the USSR as ght in the inert Tassive bureaucray for ever destined tired spent, old With astonishing
speed, Gorbachow inducted a new political and biological generation in power, retiring, often dismissing veterans of the past. By July, he got a majority of members of the all-powerful politbureau elected from amongst a network of leaders who shared his views and belonged to his age group. By January, only three of the oldguard Were left – Wladimir Shcher bitsky, 67, Din mukhamed Kunayew, 74, and alternate member Boris Pomonarey, B.
The pace of the generational reshuffle was indeed breath-taking. Irll ||2 norithg, Ilose thall one-third of the minister's Were Teatred, or sacked; more than half of the 57 regional party secretaries were replaced with younger men who Combined experience of regional leadership with fairly long stints at Moscow, who were cast in the mould of Gorbachow himself. Thous
ands of heads of factories and collective farms were similarly replaced. With surprising ease,
Gorbachow brought the Sovietarmed forces under the firm control of the Party. The new politbureau has no Dmitri Ustilow; not is the Te likely to be one in the near future. The new defence minister, Marshal Sergei Sokolow, is no political heavyweight. The man who could
be, General Aleksei Yepishew, chief political commissar of the armed forces since 1962, was replaced by his deputy, General Aleksei Lizichev, 57. The editor of the army newsPaper Kransnaya Zvezda (Red Star), Lt.-Gen. Nikolal Makeyov, a man in his late 70s who had been holding that office for 30 years, was a 50 retired. Pensioned Off Was the famous Marshal Gorshkow who gave the USSR its bluewater nawy. Gorbachow brought back to
9

Page 22
the centre of power Marshal Orgakow, whom Ustinov had banished to an obscure position before his dicath.
By the 27th CPSU congress held En March, Gorbachoy accomplished an astonishing consolidation of power, un precedented in the history of the Soviet Union. That this huge shuffle of men from their long-entrenched positions could happen without audible rumblings of protest shocked and surprised the West's Kremlin Watchers. They пеver expected a generatioла! change of power to take place in the Soviet Union so peacefully, so smoothly.
In the Soviet Union, however, Gorbachow is not seen as a reformer". He is not going to change the Soviet system. Or bring about radical structural transformation. In an interview with editors of L'Humanite, organ of the French communist party, on February 8, Gorbachow was categorical on this point. Was there to be a "new Teyo||LI ton"" in the Sowjet Union? he was asked, "Certainly not he 5парped. That was a "wгопg question". What hic and his colleagues had set out to accomplish was to quicken the pace of economic and
technological development. The catch Word of the Gorbachow era is "Acceleration". Up until the
70s, the Soviet economy had performed very well. There had been all round improvement in the people's standard of living. With
the advent of the 805, the USSR fell behind. The gap is wide. But it can be narrowed down and
then closed quite rapidly if four essential steps are taken. First, a comprehensive managerial overhaul. Second, wiping out inertia and the vested interests of Continuity and introduce dynamism and a nationwide appetite for change. Third, top priority for closing the technology gap. And fourth, a vigorous continuing drive against corruption and for a new work ethics for the Soviet people. These four together constitute the essence of the Gorbachov agenda.
Comprehensive managerial overhau I needs what the Gorbachow people call 'socialist self-government." That means wholesale decentralisation of power relating to
a
economic perfor agers must dec own initiative, duction, wages, technology need Isation of docis government lewe all agricultureand committees Il Moscow Lunde agency for great new leaders, bo and Provincial || Cast in tho roli the Weteran of tion, Andre G se en recently 5 t of Moscow, Wisi rants and hos Pit for himself an grievances of pe chov style of members of the a mot T with a II e and Small. Parti the ca15 a of Groi ter orca 5āid 5 et foot om a N 25 years
The drive a alcoholism, abser Tanifestations being fought o attempted in t before. Gorbach ously mounted a the Soviet press and Credible. Fe to the press to and honest about society" Pravda December 20 journalism as "f pattern of repetiti One of the stori In Moscow is t he was elected General, Gorba editor of Pravda, Grigoreiwich, d. Works of Lenin "Certainly", re. editor rather so good in fut him and not me,
His modesty an to overhaul the economic system decision not to as: or the prime m Gromyko was July last year.

mance. Plant manide often on their on matters of proinventories, and S. Compartmen talion making at the af mU5 t end; hance related rTn imistrios have been merged :r a 5 ingle Super:er efficiency. The th at the national ewels, have been e of doers. Ewen the older generaromyko, 75, was amping the streets :ing shops, restauals to see things listen to the ople. The Gorba|lad-handling with public has become :aders, big medium CLularly touch ing in Tyko whose daughthat he had not Moscow street for
gainst corruption, test and other if a Fernation
a Scale lewe he Soviet Union
0 W has simul Earnecampaign to make more convincing lowing his advice be "more open problems of Soviet in an editoria or described Sowjet |վed" and a rւ վս || Wealouet.'" is doing the rounds at a month after CPSU. Secretary
how phoned the And Said, Wiktor you keep the
in your office?" Died the Pryd mely. "Then be e as to quota " Said Gorbachow.
his determination
Party and the
is see it is ume the presidency nistership. Andro nade president in Nokolai Ryzhkova
primo minister, a few months later. No one in Moscow has greater -exportise in the kind of overhaul of economic management that Gorbachow wants. Yegor Ligachev, 54, the former Si Eberrian party boss, is now the chief ideologue of the politbureau. A very different man from Suslow, much more aware of the ways the world is changing, and, like Gorbachov, keen on keeping the USSR in step with, even ahead cof, international change. Tha ambitions reach of the conomic wissions of the Gorbachow team can be seen in the Wholesale rejection of the five-year plan covering the period 1985–90, drawn up during the brief regime of Chernenko and the preparation of a new blueprint of the Party's develoment programme extending to 2000 A.D. The blueprint was published for national debate in October and adopted at the party Congre55. Only three times before in the CPSU's history - in 1903, 1919 and 1961 - was such a longterm party document prepared.
(To be continued)
The importance. . .
(CoIII inted from page 14)
Russians or "compromised' with the 'evil Empire". His Tole super-stellar, his world a movie -set, he Will Tide Out into the sun in the final scene, the great American hero.
achieve this, his adviimpressed on him, by two basic II leans, two connected strategies; firstly, by exploiting the Superiority of American techIlology, and secondly, by punishing the Soviet union, economically.
HIC CLIII sers have
The history of the superpower relationship and the military balance, the doctrine of parity achieved through the arris race of the Ĝi 0'5 al Dild the 70'5 lawe already proved him Wrong. Both assumptions have been proved illusory.
(To be continued)

Page 23
CATS EYE
RAJIPVS CRTSIS AND MUSLIMI LAW
Muslim religious law makes no provision for the maintenance of divorced Wives, but the Indian Supreme Court recently - in the CHSe of a Muslim WOman fron Kerala nå med Shahbanu — granted her the right of II'la intenance. This Law caused a controversy, With liberi Muslims and Wollen's groups Welcoring the decision and Muslim fundamentalists opposing the judgement as an interference in religious law. Muslim women in Kerala, Andra & Maharash tra have held public demonstrations supporting the Supreme Court decision and Muslim Women in Gujer at led by Ms Illa Bhatt have organised to demand reforms in laws discriminatory to women.
BLL the fundamentalists have PLL press Li Te on the Indial government and Rajiv Gandhi's government in a bid to keep to Muslim vote has compromised by bringing in a Muslim Woman (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Bill" Which iE effect Owerrides the Supreme Court's decision on ma intenance, Liberal Muslims are ou traged by this move and one of Rajiv's Ministers, Arif Mohammed Khan has resigned in protest. A meeting of emilent jurists including Supreme Court judge W. R. Krishna Iyer ha 5 condelined the bill as "imIn oral & derogatory to the dignity of women and especially of
Muslim women who are proud
members of the Indian Republic', The Te has also bee Il a stor T1 of protest from Women's organisations making Rajiv Gandhi hestitate again on the Bill, since he does not want to lo se the wgTittl"5 սյte.
The issue raises two important questions (1) secularism and (2)
women's rights, Mainstrea Tull (1M: Mustati fil describi ES ET “AW55|| Il WTites “R grossly underestii all Lillist forces policy of appeas act als El Sedati, milkcs theim TaT
Did Imre: diffic T-Pile Mil India is playing
fire Hill When fill Llli le di CluiPIlcIlt Lo pu
The issue hal: one of great wgTitll tյf all tt Lble. Il eW51 etter 0 Celtic For WCI Bombay states:
It is high tim tEle deimla Lld civil code. The has triggered of not only relati munity but a ill general. A looking forces it gro Lips c:ll b c | on the issue and equality n platfoסInmסט CTiTTiTlatory lEl N. giol C:in be ei WI11 sill fro Il Wictimisati of Ilorality. W. pressure shoul against religio ånd fundament
ARE FEMINIST OPPORTUNISTS
Cat's Eye's critique of Rana ( and the patria ideology it eulogis

Writing in arch 1986) Seema is the new Bill Il Secul Tallis" jiv Gandhi has lated the fundoII whitim the Tilt de lūt re, but instead more aggressive Llt Lo control. ise of secular With communal it rages he will Si IlūL Hä We the L i L LI LI''.
5. Il CW ble CODE: importance for IIImunities. A5 the Research els SLLladies i
c that We Twive for a lili foll a ShahbarլլI case f so many issues, Ing t0 CDIC COITII1|50 t0 WOITel | The FOTW ITIl cluding WOII men's brought together If social justice
of sexes. A I'm against disws of any Telifectively raised, be protected ion by guardians idespread public d be built up LIS coilser wa Lion Ellis II,
S ANTI- MALE
ecent felist Gi (Battle Songs) rchal military es has evidently
"dumbfounded' a person named Puniya Pana, dura, Archari... We a Te Linable to Teproducc the full text of his three-page rebuttal, titled, "Anti-Male Feminist Breeds Opportunism', due to the lack of space. Nevertheless, I Will Gumiliä. Tisc II di eXaTTiTille his main arguments.
According to P. P. Archari, the feminist position exemplified in the Rana Gi critique is (a) 'anti-Ilale' and (b) ignores class domination. Both are common accusations hurled against femilis II by anti-feminist marxists,
Regarding his first allegation,
Archari writes,
I was a Ware of til alti-male fingering going hand-in-glove with a cold resentment for a social change, within the local feminist circle, Yet I was dumbfounded when I read this feminist in all her anti-male glory.
Unfortunately, he fails to elaborate on his cxquisite metaphor and enlighten us on the nature of this 'anti-male' conspiracy. To a superficial and defensive reading, my exposition of the patriarchal assumptions that underlie the militarisation of our society may seem anti-male. Patriarchy legitimises male domination of Women in both the public and private spheres and hence, all critiques of patriarchy Illust identify and challenge its Source. However, my focus was mot patria Tichy per se but the Patriarchal links between patriotism and militarism. Beyond this il the co Il text of State milita Tisation, patriarchy informs the (authoritarian) ideology of oppression which will crush all who dissent, demand political
교|

Page 24
rights, or challenge the authority of the state.
But, argues, Archari, if such a state is defined as a 'male state' (his words), how does Ole HCCCLIII til for thil05: štatēs which are headed by Women? Archarios argument confuses "male' state (i.e., a state headed by men) with the patriarchal state (where the fundamental male oppression of women also ramifies into authoritarianism and militarism). Of course, as Archari anticipates, I do not deny the fact that female heads of states have hardly changed the patriarchal power structures they inherited. This does not invalidate the case for patriarchy but only demonstrates that although patriarchal political power has been Wielded primarily by men, occasionally Women too represent and rule essentially patriarchal systems. However, Archari appears to believe that such exceptional cases discredit the persistance of patriarchy and only strengthens the case for a classbased analysis of political power in capitalist Society,
This brings me to Archari's second point. With reference to my critique of Rana Gi, he Writes.
Her's is a peculiar breed of Feminism that lica Wes Coult all class distinctions in society. The whole world is divided into two distinct categories according to the biological difference, the sex; and nothing else surpasses this according to her philosophy. There are no class distinctions and class interests whatsoever as far as she is concerned.
Clearly for Archari, sexual oppression pales into insignificance besides class oppression, Throughout his rebuttal, he is very careful not to admit the existence of the oppression of women - 'if at all Women need to liberate themselves. If Archari read Iny article with greater care, he may hawe noticed that the Rana Gi lyrics I examined were explicitly macho and male
chauvinistic; th { to the class aspec Of course, I agri colwentiollall llar class is an imp the analysis of a capitalist conti However, the pe sation of OLT : glorification of ווforIns Tangi חi to passing out donation campa toys for child classes äld Tew: aetal Lut : Lihat Cl4SS Ill: account for: th a male fantasy Women lay E based on the p of aggressio II, domination,
Finally, Archi ПЕТП лf "dera struggle. He II is the accumuli Welt till be macy.'" Accor the eraldicatio II d. Would automatic supremacy ärld Unfortunately, tions that pursul te5 ha. Vefaile oppression of societies and W. in rebuilding t tionary societie Sex." TheTeför reassure Atcha are hardly sub' nistically' fo1 change' which liit Lothec tion of a large class; oil the are radically meaning of 's iLiclude Ilot on sexual oppressi public issues personal.
WOMEN PLA
A planter cal a Writing ill News (6 Februa men’s Lib”, in On Why" ask:

:y hardly refer :t 5 Of Illilitarism. Eee With A.Tchari’s xist Wisdom that Ort: Il ctor in Illilitärisätilo 11 il ext such as ours. :Tyasive militarisociety and the wa T cxpressed g from Rana Gi parades, blood igns and military en, culls a CTOSS ells :: Illo Te fu Indabout I militaris:Im. llysis docs mot at militaris is (in which some Llso participate) LIia Ichlä l Valle: possession and
ari accuses femiiling' the class Laintains that “it ation of private eds 'male-supreding to this logic, if private property ally destroy male
liberate Women.
socialist revolued cli55leSS Societo address the
Wolle il their Formen participate heir post-revolu
S as the "second e, I hasten to Ti that felli lists
verting "opport LuCes Of "social ATcha Ti Seels Lo nomic email cipaltly male working to Intrary, feminists redefining the ocial change' to ly class but also on, not only the but also the
INTERS?
ling himself Sepathe Ceylon Daily ry, 1986) on Wo
a coluirlinn 'Why s why women are
not appointed
to be IInam::igeTs
(superintendents) of plantations.
He Writes
Some years ago, I attempted
t
employ my chief clerk's
daughter in the estate office as a junior checkroll clerk as she had all the necessary qualifi
cations including her
blessing.
father's
I referred the subject to Illy Colombo agents, not by require
t bigoted and
but as
latter to
could't agree.
It took another 14 years before
women Iliadc the lower
a breakthrough levels of estate
management such as clerks and supervisors thanks to the progressive outlook of the two bosses of the plantation cor
poration.
Why, on why, do not the Janatha Estates Development
Board and the Sri Lanka State
Plantations
Corporation take
the next step and recruit 'Sinna
Do rais Illis" ?
After all, the two corporations
were gallant equal Wages
enough to initiate for equal Work
even at the very bottom rungs
Of
the plantation
adde T. I
Wonder all the Immo Te Why, ohl
why Women hard for the
have not pressed managerial posts
on the plantations.
Orne
plausible cxplanation is
Lihat unless their spouses agree to be employed elsewhere and to live separate, the men will
L1טbé called up
babies, På tch,
tcd the arrange the roses and
to mind the strawberry
generally Wear the apron.
Will ՃլItlՃՃk HIIldոք:
(one of the lasti bastions
of male challwinism), We
haps, Would like to
Welcoming
fiew
this the Periya Dorais per
ask him if there
is anything Wrong in men minding
babies,
growing
strawberries,
arranging roses and wearing the
apron?

Page 25
Niat and
Wijaya Perera
Mutt
Too much of Water hast thou, poor Ophella" (S Water your damned flower-pots, do!" (B.
T National Water Supply and Drainage Board, hereinafter called Nat (Hi, Natl) has made two very Wald points:
1. Though water in stream and river is God's gift to man, water piped to your household involves capital and operational expenditure and therefore has to be paid for. (No one can gainsay this.)
2. Piped water must be metered because this is the only way was. tage can be discouraged and the charges for Water levied in an equitable way. From each according to his consumption. (Fair enough.)
It is from this point onwards that Nat gets into deep, so to speak, water, First of a|| || Nati. for reasons not revealed to us, has failed to ensure that all water consumers hawe meters. Those households which are not metered are charged a flat rate of Rs. 30 a month irrespective of the amount of water consumed. They can water their flower-pots and wash their cars and do all manner of things with their piped water at the cost of Just one rupee Per day all inclusive. The metered households, on the other hand, have to pay Rs. 40 for the first 30 units of water and Rs. 6 for every 30 units thereafter.
Now this looks something very ||ke the denial of the fundamental right to equality of treatment (guaranteed by Article 2 of the constitution) to those consumers who are billed for their water on meter readings. Of course no one would for a moment suggest that Nat favours friends and relations by leaving them alone without meters while fixing meters only at households of those not šo
lucky. However that Nat's met which househol Which to lea'we
known to the
Noril5, public statement: Nat has a lot A householder promptly paid m off his supplies
For a househo of its water is 5 fi Ol LG LEE " — than having its Get Eg. I Carl as a cruel and of the kind cont |2 of the tor householder wou first, being den right to equality Article 12, ha i teled With Eo Possibility of Col irn hi5 housa arc
Let us call th hara 55 ed OL5ghe the cartoon char not resh the f of his follow cit only Rs. 30 a. It quantities of wat amēng, those wh to pay so much has neither the fighting spirit to rights action aga Content to pay f LSES
But Waita in thing wrong. M. being billed for than he consumը member househol Cookքerson, and is conscious of

:: A farce
հոk.)
(ingחWס"
| the fait : Fortill:5 hod of selecting is to meter and
Un metered is not յublic,
If Nat's frequent are to be believed of statutory clout. whose bill is not ay find Nat cutting of Water.
ild to be deprived upply is a very far more crippling electricity disconcertainly qualify nusual punishment Implatod in Article 5titution. Such a ld fing that after led his fundamental of treatment under 5 noʻW ewer threeing denied the tinued existence | Home.
i5 rm1LI ch 3 bu5ed and lder Mutt, after acter, Mutt dogs act that thousiands Zīs āre bied |oth fort ulimittigd er while he is o are called upon
more. But Mutt i money mor the take a fundamental inst Nat. He is or the Water he
te, there's scrimeEE find 5 Hg |5
far more water 5, His is a fourdi in C5ive GF a everyone of thern he high cost of
water. Mutt believes his daily consumption of water does not exceed 150 gallons. For 30 days this should work out to something less than 2 units of water, which according to the published tariff should cost him Rs. 13. He finds his Bill comes to Rs. CO.50. The identical bill for exactly 4 units is repeated several months running. He also notices that Nat's netar reader never seems to appear. Convinced now that something is seriously a miss Mutt calls on Nat and the following dialogue takes place:
are too high Teader new er
Mutt: My biils and your meter
EEE LO
Nati: If you make a genuine complaint. I am prepared to take action aga inst the meter readar.
M: I am not interested in your Laking action against your meter reader. I only want my meter read accurately. Are you telling me that you hawe no independant initiative to ensure that your meter reader5 do thoir Work properly? You merely wait for complaints from your customers?
N: Perhaps your meter is out Cof -
M: It is not my meter. It is yours. What happens when the meter goes out of order
N: it records your consumption incorrectly.
M. So what
do you do in such a case?
N: As water meters are laid below surface level of the ground
It is most likely that they will become covered with sand and dirt. However, in a һопе sty, t
3.

Page 26
must be stated that it is not
possible for me to protect your Teter from sand and dirt. If you like to ensure an accurate recording of your meter readings it is up to you to see that the
meter is protected from sand and ditt.
M: But I don't know what
should do protect a buried meter from sand and dirt.
N: Isn't that just too bad!
M: It was your decision to bury the meter in sand and dirt.
In other tropical cities where water is metered the Teter is above ground level like the electricity meters. Why did you decide to bury the meters in dirt and sand where they are likely to go out of order?
N: You see, unless tha Teter is fixed next to the Connection from the main you could legally tap the water between the Con
nection and the Teter. Since the Connection is two feet below ground level the meter too has
to be bried.
M: But that's absurd! Why must you assume that all your customers are potential thieves? In any case what's to prevent water being tapped direct from the mains?
N: No comment.
M: Look at these bills. You see that for three months running I have been billed for the
identical number of units.
N: Hawe you not noticed this
asterisk against the number of Lit 5
NM: What dogs | mea? N: It means that you are being billed on an estimated consumption, not on the meter reading.
M: On what basis do you
make the estimate? According to my estimate I consume only half this quantity. If you are not billing me on the meter reading are you not obliged to bill me on the basis of the non-metered households Should you not be charging me the flat rate of Rs. 302
N: No collment.
교
ו M: Do you are not billing | can Wash m my damned flow as Tuch Water extra = cost? Li ki, too much Water it your having How much did buying and b meters
N; I must no my lunch. Do in any time for
M: Before y יחסre questlסm charge me for
already paying Water?
N: Ha, ha,
Wrong. What t ing you for is the fact that w able to you. B
Note: Nat's ent sketch is part ment publish time by the
letters . . .
(Continued
A classified ment Prepared Historica | Recor tly after Mart twenty years published by the described Marc led a guerrilla Japanese occup: Philipinnes dur as pure fiction,
Shortly after War I, a form a Cossack cawa Pahlew invade of an army of threw the regim himself Shah. Hij Went a Step fu hi imself Shahn-enA few years E Roza Pahlevi II Disney-like ext cally construct desert costing of petro-dollars by reigning m presidents from

allise that if you || to on the mater car and Water r-pots and Waste a 5 | |ike at no Ophelia I have What good is meter at all? you spend on trying all these
w run away for cel free to drop
a chat,
u go just one Why do you atgri i When I a TT
the CMC for
You've got that o CMC is a charglot water but for make water awali lye now".
re dialogue In this
phrased from stategd fram time to | NWS & D Baard. ||
from age 2)
top secret" docuby the US Army ds Department shorcos assumed power ago, which was : US media recently, as claim to hawe army against the ltion forces In the ing World War II
the end of World er sergeant-major in |ry regiment, Reza ran at the head
freebooters, owerin and proclaimed s son, Rezā Påhle w|| ||
ther and proclaimed -Shah (King of Kings). efore his downfall,
staged a fantastic ravaganza In a Speed tent city in the undréd5 -f milians which was attended anarchs and ruling practically all over
the world, to commemorate the 2500th anniversary of the founding of the Persian Empire by Darius the Great. The upstart Shah - Projected himself as the successor and living embodiment of a 2500-year old dynasty going back to Emperor Darius.
Now, with the fairy-tale legends demolished by hard fact and the US Army. Historical Records Department, the monarchs and presidents departed and the tents folded, Reza Pahlevi II and Ferdinand MarCos, having strutted on stage for their brief moments in history, have softly crept away.
Lionel Jayasinghe
ם B וחםCGI
轟 盎 Nit-picking
must thank R. M. Path Irania for the corrections he has made in my article 'The Menace of Macarthysim" in the L. G. of 15.2.86. Some of the errors mentioned are trivial, such as whether Mrs. Wivenne Goonewardena was Parliamentary Secretary, Deputy or Junior Minister. In fact he eyen concede 5 the fact that the post of Parliamentary
Secretary was popularly known as Junior Minister (though incorrectly).
He says that when a clock strikes thirteen one just does not ignore the thirteenth stroke, but one doubts the entirety of the clocks's statement".
It is logical to compare the mechanism of a clock to the mechanism of a human mind. The clock is mechanical and any apperation on its part should make one think that the entire mechanism is faulty, while in the other case, several trifling mistakes do not invalidate a general argument.
This only shows that Pathirana has missed the wood for the trees, and goes in for nit-picking which puts him in the genotype of Dr. Costain de Wos. Pathirana Is biassed
if he cannot see the creeping menace of Macarthysm. He is drawing a red-herring that puts
him on the 5ide of the forces of corruption, abuse of power and obscurantism. He is a defender of UNP fascism and Macarthyism.
Amaradasa Fernando

Page 27
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WE ARE A DIFFERENT KIN
Jhere are a multitude of g
O They who guard the fre
O They who protect the ba
O They who guard the den of us are entitled to as
Each of us is a guardian to
dependency in
BUT THE DIFFERENCE
RESTS ON OUR DEEP CO
WE ARE TRUSTED GUARDIA
MONEY, GUIDING YOU ON HOV
FOR YOU AND YOUR DI
SO REACH
FOR YOUR LIFE
A Different Kind (
 

D OF GUARDIAN TO YOU
'uardians during your lifetime
edom of speech & expression
sic human rights of mankind
nocratic freedoms to which each
citizens
others who view us for their
day to day life
IN OUR GUARDIANSHIP
NCERN FOR YOUR FUTURE
ANS OF YOUR HARD-EARNED
W TO SPEND AND HOW TO SAVE
EPENDENTS TOMORROWS
OUT TODAY
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of Guardian For You