Page 1
SPECIAL RAJIV RE
Vo. 9 No. 2 May 15, 1986 Price Rs. 4
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THE FI 9. “RA” war on C 9 What does Tige 0 Taminadu Pressu Chidambaram an
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The Philippi Tamil Myths CRD on Tril Parakrama o Cat's Eye, F.
 
 
 

GAINS THE INITIATIVE
- Bhabani Sen Gupta
.00 Registered at the GPO, Sri Lanka QJ/72/N/86
FTALKS FAIL unleash the ps and wipe
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ANURAS DEMARCHE
Of the political full-out fruri sig Childar? É7 r. 7Y 7Z 71 is sicr fora) ially" The rios I expected (tric 'e highly significar las le enco trir er het 'e'er Te? Jy'? Yg II y dia F1 prerrier’s a l'est er "Coy" Tried Sri Laika's 'guig Oppositio leader, Yrorri'r is roi i Fie i roi i'r lly" i'r Ilk heree the prese. I ge'er il 2 Gra radiis caricd "We Farade "Y" da like s; the two fairiilies, as Ariura Toled ir his speech int Parliam Herit, li ta 'e' begn frie Tidly since indepertilence,
What is ire, their ideological (III look, Particilla Fly Ori foreigi posici", las fiaid i Fierry Cor 7 *** features. Historically, too. It "I S. H. R. J. "It refri’s effer Ceysa F er the firsr ssir771 Re7rio Corference i Delhi i 9.
Bir Aira na gi'y lashed (fut for MTr. C'Ill:17ibériori froid Rupa vahini ir 7 (7 77 e 'sfda poe" CU 77troyers) over 'trafr7 frig rt Fifi's far Tarii illiardir'' bint trid ired his girl s oli Mr. Rajiv (Iridii liin se'. KLSS S SSS L LLLLLLLGSL LLLLLLLLS LLGL LLLLLS jirris Tazughit in a sudden I reversal of role 5. JAVlier the UN P’s clief spokes il The Flit retro debare. Dr. Ariada Tistă de Alvis referred to Mr. Gandhi as 'a horia ralle Fra' 11o l'is Fireteless a Folitici ha il lo ** 14'Cork 4.' its ir i derro Crafie forl7 r. ze - work”, A FI "7 si Yayoipead back "ther’s o exei se for trying to decirlefe ozr čo ľry''.
FINANCIAL ANARCHY
Are Ministries publicly I cca liriTable for the public Virids The ' 5 periad? Te chricially they shold. T/; g P. F. fe - ccorí i ľ5 Če?" rii ľee, LYLr SS SLLGLLLSLLtatGLLLLGS HHGM SGLL Treasury ara fire traditional watch-dogs. But the watch-algs Hive gorie to Sleep (or giver| 1 sleeping table by the righly SLaaaLLLLL S S SSSSYSSLLLLaLLLLLGHGGG SKLCL SS conflict Fire. I cracy,
Bit sipie at Neasi hari'g sakeri II ra sairid a FI Ilariri. The Artilitor-General has ili rie Iris job EOFIScierroissy Elf weer7is Piepse SS Eg fick Ne f g rrr35. Tie ČKDP'E Cliff. IF, Ir. W. F. Arier, tige, Tad JGJ FIFie & Tert F1 of "ic" tres s'y
Fičke č771 Sf7! E: IF fht: F יוונזוז !4HE. lf', Flo. Jo-Jo, Loi for Girl rripro ra, *דל"ן $ 7וף, נזנff}{r}Jirז. ιιι και "η εί ναr" | I Pic Fils of Mc. III is ir FF.)" F' ru: i ri SI : F2 të 5 g, arti crier" irreg, By The AG à l'irritzl, ινία HIή Γιζέ", "... μί και αμηΙαθίί הנוזוזז "ן וז#irיו יוונל H. of the biger fi), carice'’ fear II'sic': 'dred by Prict,
THE LAST
Tg "I di Fričio 1's " f. sa tisfaction the fölve Ill: "Esir 94,03C) 'sira reless ker: in tյr:Iյr If: sider Corey Is.
i ('teos es fsie (rifrilegs Fr. PWi?) נ{{t צוותו:{{{rF ["We Wf Tari, peuple cles orir, shof y "gerócide e 53 ereder f7, 'Cyprus' urial 11'oro', li for... Tiu! MSNM) fief Propo (7,5 T ls 1 Were * l'ari' leerders i corrigé l'ith No! if their 'pressing security", el FC. 5eir led.
LANKA
GUAR
Wol. 9 No. 2.
FC
Published f
Lanka Guardian
No. 246,
CCLC)
Estar: Mer
Telephan

*c for eriterprises. "AC, chaired by ssariayake, MP τα γαμη.ί της Idalous far he he eia ctrlent of I Adif is f" for fers ta 'rrrrref" yra rud, error larifies reported 'yr'?', (2) idd ** hen y "e"5.5"", "MEI "y le resoredo ytries spend 20% r fiε μιαίτιση
the rolie, are Profio
OPTIMIST
der, Mr. S. ThorCheid iaith great UNP ga 1'er 777 i Frı ( 'ilal problemi taf * Ραμιτατία η ινανday (Arribaythe US Congress er vect a place irn ok as Records II) 775 fro 7 se for W. fil leader,Filip aTrial
Tī rī *"'" : r f fe firk (y 'deciniation" fhe 2.500 peer Tclarizii toll the 'he Fiely, Writter1. 'specific'' and the ee of he cort|rth-East rivierger, 3 Probles" (land, "U. ery Were
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Liberal
Moralist or Politica Turncoat!
Dr. Charlaka Amara turiga the self-proclaimed Liberal explicitly state5 tha L the depriwat ion of Mr 5, Bandaran ilke's civic right5 in 1980 constitutes powerful evidence of the "tragic decline of Sri Lankan parliamentary democracy' (Lanka Guardan, I April 1986).
| write this only beca L. 5E Dr. A Tara tunga has been attempting of late to conduct the equivalent of a political moral rear Tallieri t mowe me i this
country through the medium of the Council for Liberal Democracy. If he wishes to
be taken seriously he has some explaining to do. He professes to hawe been morally outraged
by the deprivation of Mrs. Bandaranalike's civic rights in 98). If so, how did he
morally contrive to remain a member of the UNP's Propaganda Committee Luntil al Tnost Lhg end of I9822, If he Carinot satisfactorily explain that, he preaches political morality in
(Continued on page 4)
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Page 5
WAR AND PEACE : THE FINAL PH
VVHY COLOM WM/AS THE TA
Mervyn de Silva
t wasn't another Anuradhapura, which was a Cold-bloccided massacre on the grand scale in the holli est of Buddhist Places of worship, and therefore a savage and
stunning blow to the Sinhala psyche. Nothing is secure, not even the most Sacred. The si E
nature of the Tamil "Tigers' was all too clear although the LTTE took some time over formal claims. Stunned, the Sinhala people did not react. Relieved, a deeply troubled government turned hopefully to Delhi, receptive to its urgent calls for negotiations. And so from the blood-spattered bazaar of Anuradhapura the path to peace led to the Himalayan heights of Thimpu, Bhutan.
But Thimpu today is represented only by two documents or 'accords' which failed to find common ground between the government and even the parliamentarist TULF, and even more strikingly failed to stop the war on the ground:
No, May 1986 was significantly different from May 1985. The airport and CTO explosions were more expertly planned, if less daring, and more coldly calculated in the choice of targets. These were classic one-two punches, one a deadly body-blow to the national economy, the other to an un Protected jaw, thc communications centre right in the busi est part of the capital city,
None of the Eelam groups hawe claimed responsibility. In fact, all have rushed to the press with strong den ials, with LTTE spokesman, Dr. Bala Singham, not only condemning the attack but using the taboo term "terrorism'' in an interview with the BBC. The National Security Minister has
accused EROS of which left more injured than the Air Lanka plane.
More importat dunit?' is Why?" Pura massacre, Son argued, was a "Tigerish' ma55 i we a tough Security irl Wayotti tu fai, Pr town. The effect, push Colombo to table.
What do the first anniversary ппеап ?
Pre-selected
Mr. Athulathm absolutely right the coronic fac Lanka operation Concerted rebel ken the economy Cam Cecillation of bl rc:Serwations Cornfi of that reading. hoc: ils are är inspi te of a shıa competition allo cently opened li, already ailing to. the larger targe hotels. The Jap: ket, a lately op "Air Laka" and S offers a striking i 80% of Japanes Colombo on the back from the M may not be suc CWC2. I' anymore.
Communicatior 3 1 3 Tea A5 al li! Ministry stateme again. The CT
LE1L I"E.

ASE (1)
BO)
RGET
tně ČČ) a L der sors dead artid explosion in the
it than 'Who THC. AnuradhaIt is direct, typically rotaliation for forces' operation a bhakram's hic The anyway, Was to the negotiating
attacks on the on Anu radh 3 FLura
Targets
Idali is of course whon h : 5 tre55e5 Lor i T : " AT
and speaks of a Campaign to Wea'. The iTITadiate ookings and hotel rmed the accuracy Four and five-star 2ady half-empty, rp price Cutting ng the city's reIxury hotels. An rist industry Was t, mot just the img252 touri 5 t Tår"- med area foi both rī Lākā tri
lustration. Nearly til J " iStG 12 CC ir way Lo or Way a dives. Colombo h a popular stop
is is as strategic
transport, the n t ob5 er we S. Right C) is the fier w
But that doesn't go far enough. Tho || R.A.-style attack has an IRA -type message. We can strike at the very heart of your capital, If one looks however at the history of tho IRA, a much longer history than that of the "Tigers' the || R.A’s accessibility to Large ES in th C 5outh, the 5trategic imp. Örrance of tha targets and the regularity of the operations, all show that the IRA's military capability is quite limited. The explanation of course lies in th relativa strengths of British government and || RĂ. Precis cly, because of the greater defence capability of the UK government, the IRA's successes, however dramatic the operations mounted, have been fow and far between.
No Ulster Option
In short, London and the British government have the relative advantage of a physically Containe d' IRA whose reach and strike-power, can produce incidents with great, "demonstration-cffect" but can in no way disturb the tenour of life in the south. In su ITn, Brita in has the comparative comfort of containment. Which is precisely why Mrs. Thatcher had the confidence to sign
an agricem crit, with the Irish Republic.
Partly because of size and
geographic compactness, and partly because the relative military capacities are not so favourable to the Sri Lankan government, Colomba is dered the choice of 'Listerization''. That is one of the principal lessons of explosion in the city. (SEE J. R. ON CYPRUS)
This still leaves us with the all-important question of "Why?" unans wereld.
(Continued on page 5)

Page 6
THE FINAL PHASE (2)
The May Day
TTE Criticism of TELO fund -raising' methods and other group practices, disputes over
respective 'control zones', furious debates over which group was the more popular and the more disciplined, open clashes in the streets, mutual charges of doubtful 'foreign' patronage and infiltration by various foreign agencies, abductions and then ki|lings, Pawed the way for a dramatic, perfectly coordinated LTTE offersiwe om TELO camps. Using their superior radio communications system, the LTTE captured or destroyed TELO Camp after camp in the north until it finally mounted its own Search-and-destroy operation for te TELC) leader Sri Säbärä i äm. Ha was found in Konda wi| † 23r Jaffna, gurned down promptly and Cramated the sa me day.
At first the LTTE denied a responsibility for the killings and TELO spokesmen in Madras were mum on his reported death. But by May 7, the truth was out, Sabaratnam was dead, at least 200 TELO fighters had been killed while other activists surrendered
'en III:15sa'.
Wi TELC di 5 bar il t5 surviving cadres team Lip With LTTE or will hig circ for new leader, reported by the
HINDU, succeed? On the inswer to that question will depend how far the LTTE, the founder group of the Tarn arried resistance, Ca. n c merge as the un disputad guerrilla group in the north, leaving the eastern Province to the rest.
The political importance of this new development cannot possibly be ignored. The TULF's reaction was revealing. Its politburo said + "tho fratricida killings at this most critical period in o Lur history could not but weaken the freedom struggle of the Tamil people'. The TULF
+
Politics C
Offe
appealed to t stop fighting work unitedly сопппоп goal"
Delhi's Dini Leverage
But what is ' The T_JLF"5 dựgự. the election sic swept to power demonstrated political suprem at the 98. polls, in 5 poite col tha Peninsula by -traopers' and attempts at M: ri1a I hipulation. Bu for the TULF largely rhetoric so evidently fo his LTTE. For still the basic, demand. And or (or direct act can force the for le55. Whet do so without Tali nadu is and has Yery T Delhi's everag di minishing lev Ta IIlilla du and gro Lips. Consid political climat direct action ( Illilitary force crack-down) r irnpossible,
MEETING)
Military SuբreT will present prc Colombo and L inclined groups ar to the idea of a p thăm the fierc LTTE. This in special predicame lgäders wh C PTE Conflict and iri ideological "Ma the Sri Lankar SECEsslar ist thre;

of the
SVED
he lilitats to
each other and to a chieve "OLI t
mishing
the common goal"? roed goal is "Eelam", gaFi on which it I r I FF - It- the
Tr. i 5 acy in the north District Councils o the Invasion of 5ri Kot F1. storII
til ei Ela tant irCOsi el cetara El "Elear" remairs
הןrגן וחLjוח|axוח 1:
at der 15rd. Not ir P" i bhi karam and him, Eelam 15
non-negotiable ly direct pressure ion) from Delhi LTTE to et
her Delhi could
the support of in open question Lic to do with e, perhaps fast erage, over both
the Tamil rebel ering the present 'e in Tamilnadu, lhe use of para G for" al la 55 iwe may ba almost SEE MADURA
acy in the north Elems for both Delhi. The left
e mora responsiwc: || olitical settle Ticit ay nationalistic dentally creates a nt for thos 5 UNF
5 ent to thic Surgency 25 || “xist' threat to
1 State tham a it.
LTTE os
For India, the LTTE's military ascendancy in the North also complicates the situation. It would allow the LTTE a much
greater autonomy wis-a-vis Delhi, if not in relation to Tamilnadu.
The well-informed Delhi correspondent of the HINDU understood the implications of this new situation when he wrote:
"The big dilemma now is how to initiate this new dialogue and with whom to talk to in
the light of fatricidal strife between the Tamil militants. The government of India can
start off by talking first to the TULF leaders but no new dialogue can be initiated without the active participation or association of the militants'.
Even if Delhi is finally convinced Lihat the Sri Lankarn offert is reasona ble cenough to persuade the TULF to accept it, can Mr. Gandhi w in gver PLOTE, TELO ERCS, EPRLF? That would still
cave the LTTE gut.
CÔf course all the se questions crop up only if the Sri Lankan
offer is seen as acceptable by Delhi. (SEE CH DAMBARAM'S ROUND).
Letters. . .
(Contri ued from page ) wain. FF in that ca. 55 he: would really be no better thain my friend Dr. Nowille Fernando of Parid Lira. As a
reiter of the UNP Dr. Fort
mando woted for the depriwation of Mrs. Bandaranaik:'s civic rights. After he was
Sacket fror the JNP for racism he joined the SLFP and Campaigned for the the restoration of her civic rights!
Carlo Fo T15eka
Faculty of Medicine Iniversity of Colombo

Page 7
THE FINAL PHASE (3)
Chidambaram's merger or func
hs TLLF |Lader's Wer
if Wited to Delhi läst: w:ekcmd (May 10 - ||) for talks on the Sri Lankan government's latest
proposals on Powers for the prowincia | counci || 5. This was tha first sign that the India had been basically satisfied that the Chidambara Tission to Colombo had made a breakthrough in the deadlocked Indo-Sri Lankar negotiations om the ethnic issue,
But for President Jayewardene's personal last-minute interwention, Mr. Chida Tibaram, Mr. Gandhi'5 new est negotiator and his threeTember team of experts, would have packed their bags and left for Madras-Delhi by Friday May 2. As it is, they left on Sunday after two Tore rounds of taks, with President JR and Mr. A thu|ath muda li and Mr. Gå mini Dissanayake. But for Mr. Chidambaram's patience, studiousness and pertinacity, the latest propos als would have lacked the clarity which they now possess. “The skeletal frame is now much clearer but more flesh and blood are needed' was the guarded comment of
sources close to Mr. Chidambārām,
President JR's fundamental approach was summed up in the following words: (a) a readiness to compromise on the constitutional frame fork as long as the amendments did not require a referendurn and (b) no North -east 'merger' as demanded by the Tamils.
The Ministers earnt a days later that Sri Lanka had gone as far as possible and it was now left to Mr. Gandhi to do h15 bost. The darnestic politica cons Lrants on Mr. Gandhi were understood and appreciated. He presided over the world's biggest democracy and had to contend with political opinion in
few
Ta' IT | Ind I. H a wy des patch para-mil quel disturbancos southern 5 til tc. || the Sri Lanka v rely on its own
safeguard its sow torial integrity a best as it could.
The Indo - Sri | sions cowcred thr I apping area.s: { the provincial provincial arrang constitutional fr;
Powers includ topics; language, and order (Police cy, notably futu The last two to most knotty and 1 the Thost til T1 e - C papers were prep more Satisfied, 5U the offer on lan the powers that to the provinc the jurisdiction Chief Minister. " drafted by the aid the National ter respectively.
The Indian di stood the gover for its refusa I to c east merger, at the Point that si was ruled out, Sinhala 'woto w; ari irrefutable argi team argued stror al" rather 'struct Ween arly two Inter-State Joint India as a useful could be ways of coordination betw specific subjects.
While ter T13 'quasi-federal ar debata che "Gua editorial reco Tinn

Round - :tional linkage?
rould not like to itary forces to
in that large But if he failed. w CLI lid hi y ėl to
rc: Sources i fod Crcignty, terriind security as
Lankan di SCLI 5"ee broad, Owerthe powers of :) Lunci 5, il tarentents, and the A The Worik.
ed four mair
education, law | and and polirt settles in Eiltig, Pics wete the the negotiations Ons Luming. Two ared with dia rprisingly, ower d policy than on
would be given ial polica , and Wested in the The papers were Lands Minister Security, Minis
·legation underTim C:n t’s casos Insider a Northhough it made ce a referendum the fear of a S if | 1:1 T. THe || Indiam gly for functionLural" linkage betProvince, with
Corini rTiitta, ir Pinter. There Dermitting W
ΕΓΕΠ pro Yi mc25 ԼյI1
ikt: "foederal" and * familiar to the diari' in a recent Crd ed a ''Cori
federal solution' just as Senator Edward Kennedy pointed to the "American or Indian federal model".
But Sri Lanka regards anything other than 'unitary' totally unacceptable. Indian experts however hawe suggested the incorporation of a na w Article to che 1978 constitution whereby Parliament can croate provincial
councils and west legislative and executive powers on them. 'Lists" of power, including a "Concurrent Lists' like India's could be drawn 나P.
Why Coornho. . . .
(Continued from page 3)
By striking terror in this männer, what message did the men who planned the operation seek to convoy and to whom?
(a) Was it addressed to the Sri Lankan government in an attempt to persuade it to quicken the pace of negotiation with via Delhi and to make a more substantial offer
(b) or was it an early war. ning to both Colombo and Delhi that the armed groups (or group) reserved a veto on any Colombo -Delhi desa || ?
The first question presumes that the men behind the operations are ready to accept a political offer as long as it meets the twin Tamil demands (1) substantial devolution of power to the provinci | assemiblies (ii) Scrious possibilities for inter-Provincia | coordination, if not merger'.
The second question shifts the focus to what went on in the north while the Indian delegation was engaged in talks with President Jayewardene and other government |leaders, chiefly Mr. Athu lath muda|| and Mr. Gamini Dissanayake.
(SEE 'FRATRICIDAL FIGHTING").
5

Page 8
THE FINAL PHASE (4)
Political Press
widently, some advance Haye been made by the Chidambara T. mission in closing the gap
between what Colombo will is prepared to offer what Delhi is ready to consider reasonable
enough to persuade and pressure the Tamils to accept. This refers basically to the substance of de Wol Lut i CI 1.
But fast-moving events pose an equally important and perhaps more urgent issue. Can Sri Lanka and the Indian mediators keep pace with the changing situation on the ground, mainly the emergence of the Tigers' as the unchallenged military force in the north, and political developments in India, chiefly the in-gathering of pro-Tamil forces in south India and among Indian opposition parties.
"It is high time we define our
position and offer a clearcut solution before it is too late" said M. N. T. Rama Rao,
Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister. ÎNTR was addressing the Madura i conference organised by the TESO, the Tamil Eee larl Supporters Organisation. BJB President and former Indian Foreign Minister A. B. Vajpayee, DMK Lender Karumanidhi, Lok Dal chief H. N. Bahuguna, Akali Dil |eader Balwant Singh Ramaowalla, Telugu Desam chief P. Upendra, and P. Unnikrishnan MP of the Congress (S) were among thic prominent politicians who addressed a meeting attended by TULF. LTTE, TELO, EROS, EPRLF, PLCT and PROTEG, THÇ-se are exter Pilt:S from a HINDU report:
The "Save Ceylon Tamils' conference, being held under the auspices of the Tamil Eelam Supporters CÒrgarisation, began hera today. Mr. M. Karunan||dhi, DMK president, in his welcome address said the conferer te was being held to arrive at a consensus on the basis of which "we could mobilise public opinion across the length and breadth of the country.
5
Mr. Karunanidh a growing feeling of || India Wa 5 mot atremim : Eh. bocca LSC i Co". Tamils. His hop e ticipation of the:
strengthen "our
in tog ration'".
The Gyer Te
said, had failed
i55L - II interflat iyear when Arger raise it in the Cgis Trismig sigs, in G : vented it Saying in negotiations. it this year in was domo half-Hng canvassing or lot
So it did not p Si rd ff. Si Sri Lankārl Frm
forces and police iot T1 į 5 President Mr. J. had declared in he would seek , To demoristri te busi Tess, hè har bombing of Tami
The DMK the Gowerment wäKad in LQ '“ L rap" of conduc which had given to bring in fo Today, the Sri were being sent kis tan for train ir ka—Pakis. La fi | CXLII
Colomboios ali Iposed restrain rheighbour linesis'' appreciation of . not a chie ved ar y delegation had jų Cal Tibo, but a would not produ the other party riglus arld Hjn:5 է: being the man h the happiest to delegations in C Wink Cho W33. for talks. "'Ever international Aid ting Sri Lanka

Jires on Rajiv
i said there was that cha rost բaying Ըnough Sri Lirika Tari i S Crned only the was that the parse le aders Would bonds of national
it of India, he to rais the 1a for LIFT 5. " [35t Itina wanted to Human Rights 2 Incwa, India proit was engaged li di did raisc (Greyl. EL C i artedly and no bying Wa:5 dome. roduce the dee July 1983, the y, para-military had been killing TH: Sri Larika R. Jayawarderne, February last that military solution. that he sin eilsit d credered etia | | areas.
ef alleged that
af riti hic r. Jaya war derne’s :ting peace talks him enough time reign elements, | k || 5 | ie" 5 regularly to PaIng. The Sri Lan€ 'W'15 3 Cti "We. bi : | dial" 5 5 el fland vague good häd roceived the outsiders but had hing. An India Jst return 2 d from my level of talks Ce result, un│e55 was equial y seMr. Jaya, war derne () Wás, Would bg2,
r" li w - Irid isir olombo to hoodof his carestress y year before the Corsortium me 2wants an alibi
that it is seriously considering a political solution to the ethnic problem. India has produced the ali bi for this year and Mr. Jayawär deme would he tham kfu || 7 to Mr. Rajiv Gandhi for this favour'
Mt. Käru län ilh i Said.
Solidarity for Tamils: Brie
fing news men after the closed
door meeting of the political
parties, Mr. Karunanidhi said the conference pledged solidarity with the Sri Lanka Tamils and expressed its decp national concern over the continuing intensification of the Cris is in the island,
Unity of Tamils urged: He said sewer groups of Sri Lanka Tamils - TULF, LTTE, TELO, EROS, ERRLF, PLOT, PROTEG, - participated in the conference. A request was made that all the Tam il group5 should get united arm - wy tark. Mr. Ramalı Rac, and Mr. Walpayee had algo advised the Tafinil groups to join hands. The Tanti | organisation had promised that they would abide by the request and assured the Icaders to Work in unity to achieve their common objective, it was Proposed to constitute a national til Titta ir Delhi to coordina te the work. A || the Political parties were requested to name one representative to the panel. Mr. Karunanidhi said the resolution passed at the meeting also condemned the blowing up of an Air Lanka plane in ColorTibo yesterday and conveyed its ိyiးနှီဒိုးနှီié. to the be reawed.
"Centre"5 failure" : TH2 colference called upon the Government of India to raise the issue with wiFour in in Lernational forums
such as the U. N. NAM and CHOGM for prompt remedia action. The Centre's policy so far
toward 5, Sri Lanka ad the TaT || || question had failed to produce tangible results because it was 'superficial wacillating and incohe rent''. The mere fact that Thore and more people were being killed in Sri Lanka after India expressed its concern bore testiTory to this, the conference char

Page 9
ged. The conference said that in spite of the Thimpu talks and the ceasefire, the solution seemed to be a 5 elusi we as in the beginining . Sri Lanka was acquiring arms from all over the world and moving towards a total military solution. The policy of trusting the Sri Lankan Government to ach i CWC a negotiated settlement had, thus, proved to be sterile. Making use of the time gained by the "pretcnce of talks", Colombo had brought in to the picture dangerous externa elements Unfriendly to India, adding a new dimension to the geopolitics of this region.
The conference called upon all aid international agencies not to give help to Sri Lanka which Could be used to per Petrate the genocide of Tamils. It urged the Government of India to give up what it alleged the present casual attitude to the issue, and take up this matter not as a mediator
but as a nation intimately and deeply connected with the fate of Sri Lanka Tamils. Also, it should reevaluate its policy and
adopt realistic approaches to save the Tamils there.
The DMK lead or said the first such conference
this Was to be
had and Similar ( EC cordicted in show to the per Ilia |5SLe Yä5 1. cerning only Tart the whole coun conference woul Andhra Pradesh Now Dolini.
National issu maram, presiden Kamaraj Congres committee charf of Welcome, sai Tari is issue car as a problem conf alone. It was a and above all, problem. The T to hold the con that the ethnic challenge to nat integration and moral obligation Tient of India ti from genocide.
or. Abdul R. the National Co pledging his par the struggle of Lanka, said it wa Talli Nad whole country.
Ceylon Supply and I
"Senan ayal 7, Stati
COO
For a your
5۔۔--11 45 57 + = 1-ح ==
Constructio,

onferences would
various States to ple that the étht a problem con| | | Իվadu Է սt Ճf try. The next d be held in ind the last in
2: M. P. edut, Tamil Nadu3 ård reception
if n is address & the Sri Lank 3 not be deemed ronting the Tamils national problem է was a human ESCO had deci det firect to restate
problem was a ional security and to Stress tha of the Gowersawe the TaTi ill5
a sheed Kabuli of inference (Farooq), Support to the Tart1 ||5 in Sri 5 not a problem of but of the
Mr. Bawant Singh Ramoowalia (A kali Dal) also extended his party's support to the Sri Lanka Ta this.
The BJP president, Mr. A. B. Waipayee, said India was directly affected by the issue. "The island Tamils are our kith and kin. "We want justice for the suppressed people of Sri Lanka". If the genocide continued, the Peace and security of the entire region would be da Stroyed.
Mr. Waipayee also criticised the Door darsham for not cowering thc conference. "Doordarshan is tho privilege of the Prime Minister,' he added.
The Hindustä rii Dr. Subramaniam Swamy, ånd Mr, B. Rachaiah, Karnataka Home Minister also spoke.
The Lick Dal leader, Mr. H, N. Bahuguna, criticised the Sri Lankam Presiderit, for mot honouring his promises.
Mr. P. Upendra, Telugu Desam leader regretted that the pacts had been critered inta between India and Sri Lanka had not been Implemented by Sri Lanka.
Front leader,
(Continued or page II)
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Page 10
THE FINAL PHASE (5)
Sri Lanka may becom
Simon Winchester
he President of Sri Lanka,
Mr Junius Jaye war den C2, has warned that unless the West gives him arms, money and moral support in his fight with the Tamil guerillas 'my country will be divided like Cyprus." The problem in the island was no longer, he declared, "an ethnic, or a racial problem. It is simple, naked terrorism. After the events of this Week we hawe a clear decision. We either meet force, or we surrender. And we will not Surrendgr."
The 79-year-old President, who rebutted claims
thät ha is too old and frail to dea with the growing crisis in the country,
said that there was now no fur
ther possibility of a political cost promise with the Tallis - many of whom want autonomy
for the regions they dominate in the north and east of Sri Lanka. "I have made propos als which go far beyond what my predecessors would have offered. I am prepared to give them sorTe degree of federalism. But that is all. | will go no further. If these proposals are not acceptable | will unleash the troops. I can, and I will wipe out this trouble in ii Il1_յritll,
"I want the English-speaking World, both black and white, to understand that they must help Time to suppor:55, the aları ard rebellion here. They must give us arms. They must giva Us money. I am having to cut down on development projects that would hawe benefit ccd both Sinhalese and Tamils alike, in order to pay for this battle. The outside world must help now, because this is now an international problem. Ours is a democratic country, and it is being destroyed by these people. Another few years of this and we will hawe bled to death, or we wi|| be partitioned, like Cyprus, with United Nations troops guarding che frontier This would be a tragedy for everyone."
E.
The President, the Sunday Time conference room ni al Parliament looking a sea fury by the c. Was art - tho appeared by a He haid beari "ti he said, by the aboard the Air Saturday, and "F second explosion Telegraph Office headquarters in of 27 people ha had been injurg mainstay of the 1OT1 y Wals: Wiru ""What would were in my posi " " | f | gi we in to demands, my ow will rise. We terrorism th:n. give in to their
I L (T CTIOLI5 - 5:
borTnb5, a.nd beco wide terrorists,
e veryone. If I therm, then | am" cide, and India t to the assista e What can I do
Th3 President tical of India's c. for the Tamil s "The assistanco w, i 3 gi wisg, or wh ing to be given, and quicken ing E total seleration Helm List be to i must be stopped be brought on tern World they should not who are trying democracy. They to Itālis tha: || internationa || met that wont off a Port last week Indian airports t fellows know no hawe to hawe a to this row, I

Ie a Cyprus - JR
who spoke to S i rl Il Cawcermo LIS in the old Colobuilding, overwhipped into a Η ΓΓΕΙ Ι. Π. Ο Γ5. Ο Ό Π . !gh gripped, it , deep sadness. erribly shocked' bomb explosion Lanka jet last lorrified' by the
lt the Centrā
rear his own he city. A total
d died, huri drėds 2d - tourism, a
Sri Lankar ecClly non-existën t. you do if you
titori ? "" He asked.
the te tortist5" n, Sinhala people will get Sinhalese
| f | refusa. Lo demand for an te, they plant
me major world
C. t. go in hard against accus ed ofganohreater15 to come
of the Tamil,
was sharply criintinuing support CP ratist gro LP5. rhich Rajiv Gandhi ich 12 5 ||owis destroying. he slide towards of our country. d that this aid Pressure must ndia by the wesof the Indians help terrorists to destroy a free " should be made ... It is is a
ace. The bombs | Colombo aircould go off in QT or To W. Th (253
boudari e 5. "" quick solution sti hawa Sorme
optimism that the Tamil loaders will Accept the propos als wa have offered for a limited degree of federalism for the northern and eastern provinces. But must warn everyone that if the proposals are rejected, then we have no option but to go for a military solution. And when we do that, it is important that you in the West, and India, know why we are going to end this thing by force. We hawe no other option, hawe: we ?"
U.K. Copter pilots Lanka: British helicopter are operating against
lilitats of Sri
i Sri
pilots dhe Tamil in the farthi ad est Lanka.
According to the Sunday Times three pilots, two Britors and come South Africam, hawa bocci s een manning helicopter gunship5 which regularly bomb rebel positil að f15 il and arcud Jaffmå and Tt|Thoma le .
Other un confirmed accounts say that former special air service officers are leading ground raids against the Tamil hideouts. The paper said that the first direct awidgrica of the Britons in yowament came last week when they were discovered piloting Bell-22 helicopters for the Sri Lankan Air Forc5 3it Pala || 3. Er station near Trico Talee.
It had been known for some months that , ITnen — usually former "SAS' soldiers or "RAF" pilots have been hired by a Channel Islands – based Security firm, "Kees L M een i Services, "" - for the Sri LankaП Government.
The security agency and the Government hawe always insistod that the Illen were being used for Lraining programmes... '' Now with the discovery that foreigners are taking part II, and even lead
ing anti-grilla Tissions, there will be calls for a full account of the operations,' the paper said.

Page 11
Towards peace and or tribalism and bar
STP its inception in 1983. the Cor Tirittee for Rational De valopment has been advocating the need for a just political solution to our ethnic problem, it was our belief that the longer we delay, the mord likely it was for the forces of distruction to express themselves in ways and means which would destroy the very fabric of our society. We recounted in detail how Sri Lanka is ill cquipped to handle a 'dirty war'' and how the process of Lebenonisation will only es Calate the violence leading to the creation of a security conscious garrison
stille where democratic values will be forfeited for repression and into era ce. The TriStar explosion and the bomb placed at the CTO are reinders of the iTTense cost of this war. As a society we ha Ye Nurtured
the habit of pointing gut scapegQäts
and betes noires and cultivating a sense of injured innocence, And yet, we can never escape
from the reality with which we are confronted. Ng rhetoric can detract from the fact that this un declaried war is taking a tremendous to or all out lives and is tearing apart the foundations of our society. According to Samakali, a document put Cut by Women for Peace this war is costing us Rs. 17 million a day. There are about 50,000 refugees island wide - not to mention the 200,000 who have left the country -and it is costing the government Rs. | & Thillion each month just to feed them. The tota || number of dead and disappeared has yet to be counted. Despite all this
We find ourselves in a no win Si Eti.
In our earlier writings, The
Committee for Rational Development has been especially critica | of the government for stalling a political settlement and for wa Yering between political negotiations and an imposed military
5ļu til WW2 : believe that it Lankan govern The tion with the which can force to our conflict. Sri Lankan go y ė the resources at create a climate
which will make acceptable to th of people in t
accept the Pal faced by the gove In light Cf thị leading oppositic bg morte CČM, Cėr to jingoistic ten &cces mot d: CT at that a Politi imperative at t history. It wol, to believe that to Sri Lanka th accord is Signei accept the fact
If yigogice WNY sometime after How gwer, we b a political Solut Te War 5 the cu destruction an solutiom ww || || He
TOT EX I" ITelements colli been termed
Soluti Con tc ut
In cur earlie ha we als 3 critici of the Sri Lark and para military home guards, g campaigns in th East. We did 5. that Ilodern | ii Tiited il their rights horris, been legati atę i relati a 2'' til Mälzi hiçli
War II.
We felt that
Srī Lākā
|essions of Hi 5 tot

tolerance
barism ?
The Committee for Rational Development
til cortim Lug o is only the Sri int, in collaboraIndian government through a solution It is only the rnment which has its disposal to of acco modation such a solution Ie vast majority his country. We iii! iffic-L || || 25 rnment especially fact that the an Party ScCT5 to ned about Catrirg d2ncies. But this it from thin fact al SCL Tic || 5 his point in Qur | || || Eo bic: Tai y ė peace Wi II come e day after an - W 11' 0 the isolated acts | Cortin LC for such an accord. el lewe that only ion will begin to rent process of id only such a lp marginalise the and in transigent cted to what has a "Pg| Potish"
ethmic Cecificit.
- 5t:1tt:r:1:nts, '' է: ised the behaviour .an security forcës units such as the specially in their e North and the in the recognition |:Libri 3 t.a. L25 21.T2 actions by human arms that have at the highest vals especially after caust of World
it was unnecessary to relear the iry that violations
The CRD, a group of concerned
Sri Lankan Jcddemics đnd Inft:|- Jectuals, Phas is 3 LJed stů termerts, from time to time, on the ethnic conflict. Its recent publication on the issue was entitled 'Myths, Realities and Perspectives". A Sringa translation is in print.
L-H
of human rights especially in a politically conscious modern world, do not only shock the conscience
but will only lead to resistance
and rebellion by those who are
its Wiclinis.
Recent history in Sri Lanka
will serve to confirm our judgement. Agria bombardment of the civilians of one's own country and the use of Tercenaries who have no concern for this land or its people will only serve to accen Late the deep sense of grievance and alienation. Reports of International Human Rights Organisations which place Sri Lanka as one of the top ten offenders of human rights especially with regard to di 5appearances may be di SrTis, ed a 5 un true by the morc nationalistic among us. But, we feel that such a response is only to escape from the realisation that something is fundamentally wrong with out society and that the tactics used to destroy a movement can actually be counterproductive and may help sustain conflict for many years to come. We Tust accept the fact that the excesses of the security forces and the nature of the security operations conducted in the North and East of this Country hawa Contributed to a great extent to the radicalisation of the Tami|| population ard to the rapid brutalisation of the present conflict. Whatey er our nationalistic feelings, this is a dark and shameful period of our history and the excesses hawe been record cd for all posterity
(Continued Jr., page lé)

Page 12
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Page 13
The Sri Lf7 riks (Gary'r FIFEF F7,5 cursisterfly" ('FF FF FF fra 5 of Ichie virg (I Fiegoria ted poličas ser fler Fierf. To Sri W. F'ka Goverrier is prepaired to reexamine the proposals contailed ir Are Ytre "C", I YTLl () 7f7f7f these in the light o recerii suggestigi, regarding the 5 tillcability of a s fructure Sīri illa " to the Uri for 7'e rritorie, y sy yfeiri of 7| riris frá for corffaire l' ir 2 fillo a"or I.st ir va rioYI of W r7:ifrI. PFʼfi ile lef77g prepared to rake constitut fols | arriend:#ents rợ gire &ffect fỡ
sic I sysferi, rife Sri Larks Gay'er;* 7e 7f yw Julai yra gr"? E: TI? at:1]' cGilsfirlitir1/is/l Tirlendirleif "e- quiring approva bij' I Referend.
The previsiors of the Draft Accord of Argust 1985 ere 5 bisartially used For the Propa sals Cc7z fairied in Are Ytre “CT”, except that the unit of devoluriail is design Iarted as ** forai'inicirt'
Council' in the Driff Accord i sted af Regio Fall CyL77 cil"
is fra fire.': 'Tre “ Č’’.
Tie ri jefs ir J'er covitroyer sï7 (IFë -
( ) , η Γεrνία. Την
Ιστεί
(2) Trd,
Ir regard to iri ferrnal la Ty and turcer, Heo Sri La7viki7 (Flor','eo'''7- 777 erit is prepa real f? F) Lars E e discussions alorg The ç'ci "IC" FOI ? ' griffilisfrit} , Prøy fricial Posice f}f('s = sic 71 y Arithir fire orgari Fatic / tyfo
e Sri Lirik IP]''' FI F'CE ČIJE Is beer 7 sugges el fɔ if i'r ffe inferrial discuss for 75 That (ook plice irl Călării fr. „laritir
& V!"ሡ'
Τηκε ο Γιεν".
Political. . .
(Continued from page 7)
Mr. P. Unnikrishnan, Congress (S) M. P., said a 'civil war' Between Sinhalese and Tamils was 1. The Sri Lankan Presiderit ed to send the Tamils out if the is la di
Mr. K. WSeramani (DK) felt no purpose was being served by Holding talks or by Sending teams to Sri Lanka. He wanted the
ADE M
1986. Notes of
Ile freer is ride, MMr. J. Di:Yrif, I rig γιiς διαπεr, η Ιει ή by H. 正,晶芷r。上
"..
III reggris ro 777, ffe Sri W. frr: 1;}' + {! II ('Y Fiji??? !!! of paragraph.5 die ire 'C' isions of the Dr Srl FL£ktJ Ĉji'eo. Fire" f') crr Siri (f" lorld (15 (Tyle factorily he de fie călcer /
List'' tas ir re? Mricii sayfa af Wrer
A greater de Πιτία η 1η θρ Pr of Schierres or ! desig 717 I el CIS 777 5 </i&???I$? 5,
TF! ({J'É"FFFF;; fo is preparec Ti? ! Lčini Curioi, fo, i wedi'i ail i'r fyr) i'r]' II y disfores re policy", ĉar ici !air Zaf
Tré Sri LINT for y lly" TE by His Exceller, | goardiferie, Preside: 3 erfer f'C&T: f'El Forc) ? 737 PP Parry Corffere? It' W93 f' ''sic': 'FF7F", of the risorio gaf for s, trad the .rd Ihr: (Cl:Jrווj, τήέrεκιντεν,
TW Sri La f, "T|4,5 & f'Erfff;" Arrrr Ag
Contre tak,C:
SCCPS.
Mr. A. K. A. W. regretted that rounds of talks and Sri Larika, been four d.
The TULF SI M. A. Wrth i Itali Earl Tamil Lea dra hasarı, were participated in t special observers
t
 

EMOIRE
"Nëse list.5 Siarit I årer til F.E. fičar High Col
F. R. E. F.I.F 3 errcirc Tiffkirol
e ser e !!ץשi?ונEryיונibri (Frי a le provisitaris ī ar II W 1rid the froy|- Jyr Accord. The -:1er if ity Prtיי!?r
the is life." which girl Safi7 s vir V. I sing & " "Cocorreri Čp:ť iť:ľřo "I of" (g'], 'ffrir ! Ty. gree of sleyayed in Fosp? er for Isse ja " " Pia?' ''
vir of Sri LA7 riks F f p & Na fi FT-7 FI (Irl.: 'orris of
r r der ' 11" W ! 7 fir g f, llari?
5efi lle F''' a'r 7f.
k ČSF 1'e "Typ Forf rofess rise cy" .W. R. Weyer"r of Sri Laika, siors, int clueling e fi e di g for Pe'error series the 'fei's of the DeleDra/ accard" ffications riade
Ikết (731"#F####f To fra Orafi ir 7785 Irid rie
settlement, is Prepared to earline
Člarifications made thereaster, The Govern Iris of Sri Larika Éric II d'ici circoprod rho l'IPréft Accord as a basis for further negotiations towards trutually agreed Iccord by the Parries so Icerned. Unforturately the TULF | resp7oyT.s (? 1+'/ıichi c::7 *F742 yreaI r!}" fiu I " Fiori fi 5 alter m'ċi 5 are Iasi ta' holl' Irelarge fri the Draft Accord. Nowever, fra Sri Werke (Ge'er - rrer heca se of its etros fes frg r grch st egoire
so se 7 spects of the TLWILF prapa scals 44'Wici day Fif fry")','e' || or: #FFerroyer ! fr) the Sri L{Triké7 Cary 5 ir i fier cyf' ye'l c clar&actfer I 5 Ky'r llai resyire & Refererad "F2.
The Sri Lefka ( 71" F "FFFFF" proposals, ay agregal aid it capτεί. Μί τη ρ ή Eεντ ιμήiι Ιε το Irex cy the Uri i po, Sall'Ereig 77 r.y, I ritegrir y Carl Lyrir a ry' ca "T"ter of the Constitution of Sri LTPIka. The Sri Lovski (rogr''}7erzi 1νί ταντίίΤμε το ίνηΡεγγίετrt tiε "7"C)'isferis rele 7f 7g To W.Trzgalīgie il fie Culoriffior lich provide that Sihala lhe the Oficial Language, and Sinhala afld TrIfril The Nation: Largtages 3 Sri Lévi & J. The Televerrit ProvisioF7,5 of the Cor Stiftur for tre ar rexed for this fide Merriaire,
Hofth regard to the English lariĝi ĉage, the Sri Lf7 71 kg (a)- 'errier is prepared a tripleper I tre propo sals cool I fairi ?a?o iri The Address of His Excelleri cy' Preside. If a lardee IC ParIfare it of Nii Fi Fertiary 1983.
Colombo,
14th April 1986.
5 amic effective
du | Samad (UML) despite several between India ro 5 lutiçi had
scretary-General, ngam, and the det, Mr. Chariamong those who he conference as
Near stampede: DMK volunteers, fra 1 all o Y er the State started ccrinwerging at the weru of the Conference in lo rrias arid buses from the morning itself. There was a near stampede at
the yenue, the race course staddium, tonight as the volunteers tried to have a glimpse of the
leaders.
There was a large crowd and the police had a tough time in controlling it.

Page 14
Sri Lanka - India citizer
Aಳ್ಳಿ: of concerned citizens from Sri Lanka and India Tet In Bangalore on April 5 and 6, 1986 to ascertain through an exchange of views as to how best they could assist in the effort to restore peace in Sri Lanka and move farvard to a just and equitable solution of the ethnic problem. The following persons from India and Sri Lanka participated in the discussion:
India:
C), R. R., Diyyākar, ChairTar. Gårn
dhi Peace Ficum dation.
MT. C. Subramaniam Fc TT er Unic
Minister and Wice-President, Bharatiya Widya Bhavaii.
Mr. P. S. Kailasam, Former Judge, Supreme Court of India.
Mr. Thomas Abraham Former II
dian High Commissioner to Sri Lanka.
Mr. Rajmohan Gandhi, Resident Editor, INDIAN EXPRESS, Madras.
Mr. S. Ramakrishnan, Executive Secretary, Bharatiya Widya Bhawan, Bombay. MT-, S. R, . Werkalt3acha |3 IT, Hon1.
Secretary. Bharati ya Widya Bhawan, Bangalcre.
Sri Lanka:
Mr. Godfrey Gunati lake, Director,
Marga institut c. Mr. Charles Abeysekera, President
Mc. w:Temt for Inter-Racial Justice and Equality,
Mr. Olcott Gunasekara, Formerly
Ceylon Civil Service,
Mr. A. M. M. Shabdeen, Formerly of the Ceylon Civil Service.
Mr. Mervyn De Silva, Editor
LANK.A. GUARDAN.
Mr. M., A. M. Hu 55 i Formar
Member of Sri Lanka Judiciary,
Mr. P. Devaraj, Director, Congress
Labout Foundation.
The participants reviewed the situation in Sri Lanka and expresed grawe concern at the Continuing escalation of wiclence on the one
hard, and the political negotiat Sri Lanka I 5 faci crisis since in de pe situation is also Particularly the Nadu where it i political, social perCLIES I OF15,
An early po which can end i 5 w kita | ft Sri
At the same political stability of great import is an essertial peace and secr as a whole.
Thic meeting th Arc Carl Be T of the present involved parties and accept this r act On this rea rate the proces t ca a la 5 til E. PO The first step t|12. fČltivo" : by both sides an of the negoti: spirit of mutua
The political take place with which preserves grity as a nation state af Eela II nor politically autonomy has f a5 the framew What is of pri the substance ( powers that ar. urit of d:Vout to which the are empowered develop their L elected repres: the fra me 'wolk, unity and the of Sri Lanka, bě HY ||Y || LC possible, in a 5 to the country to a || communiti Cof thig na turc:: Partici på tiom Cf the Sur est rî :a rights of all an

is discuss ethnic problem
stalemate in the ions on the other. ng its most serious Indence. Sri Lanka "5 affecting India, State of TaTi | s having important ad o Colo Tic re
litical settlement ch c: cthnia: conflict
Lanka's futuro.
time, Sri Lank's and well-being is ance to India. It
conditi com for the ity of the region
emphasised that o military solution conflict. All the need to ra Cognise cality. They should lisation and accele5 which would lead | itica | Settlic: ment, in this direction is ssation of violence the re-activation iting process in a
confidence.
settlement has to in the fra mework Sri Lanka's intoAn independent is either wiable ealistic Provincia low been proposed ork of devolution. mary importance is :f devolution, the a conferred to the İon 3 il d the extern t eople in the unit to administer and nit through their | Lati yes. Withi
which ensures the national integri Ly hese powers may the fu||est ex tomt stem which applies as a whole and is a like. A process where there is fu|| the people will be s of ensuring the restoring commu
nal harmony, Questions relating to the constitutional form that the devolution has to take, the size of the unit or the merger of the units, are problems that can be resolved, if there is a clear and una mbigious agreement on the sub5tance of devolution.
The demand for the merger of the Northern and Eastern Provinces ha 5 Poseid an intractable problem in the way of a settlement. A single region comprising the Northern and Eastern provinces is fraught with many dilemma5, in view of the special characteristics and ethnic composition of the Eastern Province. Here the guiding principle should be democratic and should take into account the desire
and preferences of the people concerned, Perhaps, a better approach to the problem in the
context of a substantial degree of devolution, is to design institutions for inter-provincial co-ordination similar to inter-state Councils in India or joint committees formed by two or more provincial assem| ie 5. Th. c. 52 mechanisms would enable provinces to collaborate on activities and development, projects where the interests of more than one province is involved. Similarly, it should be possible to agree on basic principles regarding the vexed questions of law and order and land policy. These principles would have to take into account the security requirements of the prowinces on the one hand and the overall security requirements of the country as a whole, on the other. In the case of and settlement, these principles have to ensure that there would be no serious alteration of the ethnic balance and at the Sarne time make possible the equitable distribution of national resources,
Any political solution would hawe to take into account the deepseated fears of both the Sinhalese and Tamils regarding implementation as well as the future consequences of devolution. The Tamils must be às sured that the agreement will mot be abrogated as has
(Continued on page 14)

Page 15
Government in
ine years of rule by the
United National Party madeup of a legiti Tate six years following the General Elections in 1977, and three years of an ongoing extension of Parliament through a Referendum that violated the basic tenets and democracy, has brought our country to the edge of irreparable ILII. Π.
The blasting of an Air Lanka
Carrier at the Katunayako Airport which is one of the highest security points does no credit to the Government, notwithstanding all the syIT pathy it has evoked. Wulmerable points cf attack have been discussed and catalogued even in the drawing rooms in Colombo 畿 the fact that there could ave been a concertation of terrorist interest to destroy the Airport did not seem to hawe d:l'ingd in the Tid5 of the authorities. All The recent tragedie 5 se em to point to the fact that the rampart corruption in the layawardena Government has brought forth a monumental compilacency, incompetence, and inefficiency in its administration,
How this particular terrorist act came to be titled with th: arrival of another Peace Mission from India is another latter that should concern us; and now just after their departure, another point of high security interest in the C.T.O. is blasted with bombs leaving a trail of destruction. The nation had hardly recovered from the shocks of the inferno at the Petroleum Corporation's Bulk Depot at Anura dhapura following a bomb blast, the explosion of bombs at the Wola watte Police Station and the Kantala Darn Di 5 Stet. While the two for Their incidents are again attributable to the inefficiency of the Government symptomatic of its overstay,
the latter appears to have an additional contributory factor — tha L i5, the un Wise decision to
Construct a Pumping Station om the bund of an ancient tank in
rules of
order to supply i 15 of Pri: Company, and c panics that wer in Trin Comalca, Farm Tanks, and & R of wis iting f personnel. The w was originally Our poor pensar the Dry Zone.
Another as Pec should hawe end is whether an in problem that it whether it is p problem or whi a ri5es fro rl 1 a c the democratic ri to live in pen or wictilisation, tantly to elect sentatives to Par hold General El the very essenc: As th A rug af
r"LI|e of a W i Self il the di people, there
per wading disco Soctions of the they be Sinhal Muslims. Today so-called Five S Cal || E. 5a, id Wit doubt that the Cofide j th || S. with the deepe Te
The Gowrimi of the fact that power should bo people. The de the whole people sed to combat Calami tous tima But EwCs in Lh: hawe been going Government and ti 5 5 Ywe || 35 cipated in the 5 tance of thic Gol that the poop consulted either Corsi LLJ Librm of P
it any קrקס

nust go
mi has a tha water l, a militi-national if Foreign Coma to be set-up the PC tro Lumi satiitin: for R va yll Tid Airfor CC a ter now diverted and primarily for it cultivators in
.t the Government el, wo Lured to iki w terial or external has to deal With; urely on ethnic : ther the problem on sistemt dem ill of ghts of the people ce, without feat"
and more importheir own repreiament in regularly Ecti ofis, which i 5 of what is known law. Where the es not a lifest ily life of the
is iriwariably a rtent a Tong all
people whether ese, Tamils, or , after 9 years of tar Democracy, it hout the slight CISL r is a crisis of
country coupled crisis in manage
2nt has lost sight
its strength and
drived from thig voted support of : has to be harnes
a divisiwa and
as the present; : negotiations that
Ösh Eo et WCT t he Indian authoriothers who partilaggling the basic w Kromment has E2 cm a Will not bo for the immediate owisional Councils er Parliamentary
- S - FP
opportunity for the expression of their wishes on the general principles of solving the problems involved. This is clearly because the Gowriment fears to place thc facts before the people for their werdict. Equally, it is clear that the people distrust the Govern
11 t di far that ES in alti is merely to cling on to power by any method, at any cost, in fa grant di Sregard of their wishe5 and welfare. And, it does so with impunity and arrogrance.
In the International scene, our country enjoys the status of only of a meretricious mendical in a des picå ble plight. In this situation the numerous calamities and di sasters that have been the daily experiences of our people in recent times, would appear to be the Perfect foi | for the false claim that we are a practising democracy. As a Western observer had qui te accurately stated, Sri Lanka in fact ha 5 only a "'De Tocracy in Chains'' with a showy faca de before the World which too has begun to slowly shed off parts of some of its brittle exterior,
Thc President, whic is tha: Minister of Defence and the Minister of National Security are ansWe Table for the loss of Innocent
lives following the bomb blasts and the explosions. Similarly, the Minister of Lands and Larid
Development cannot shrink away from the responsibility for an act of criminal negligence on the part of the Department of Irrigation. But under the UNP administration, nobody in authority accepts responsibility. Instead, through a deluge of half-truths, confusing and distorted reports, it makes a weak attempt to avoid any responsibility but perhaps, not this time.
Innocent people hawe di cd also on account of earth slips, chlorine gas pollution of drinking water and numerous other types of "Accidents' while UNP high-up, abuse their powers and illicitly fell timber, cultivate ganga, run Casinos and Wideo-Parlours, under
3

Page 16
take trips abroad visiting children, and relations, and organise tarnas has and carrivals, even in the midst of national calarinities. No Government has dispal yed such callous noss and contempt for the people. This must stop. The people cannot tolerate this un precedented abusc
of power for the enrichment of the dariation of the
a few and vast majority.
The SLFP demands that a Calamities and disa ster be thoroughly investigated. It demands an Independent Commission of Inquir in to the Kanta lai Disa ster wit at least two Irrigation Engineers as members. And it demand, that the findings be made public within one month.
The gravest tragedy of the United National Party Government of J. R. Jayawardena is that it has neither the goodwill nor the capacity to wield the nation into a
single communit
ching towards has lost its cla in office, if it after 1983.
There is no Tlust EO.
Sri Lanka
(Contin Lied f
happened in the | es e should be cd 2 w ciltic wou|| lead to separat tutional Safegua to be adequate at rest. The q. teeing the ter accord to the : the parties, th be pursued.
The solution blem does not devolution. This gation of the f
F MVEL VEF A
ARISTONS
GLOBAL REPUTATION IN THE FIELD
ARISTON'S HAVE OPENED OUT N EXPORTS IN AN ENDEAVOUR TO CO.
FFI)
ARISTON
ARISTONS TOURS No. 5. Gower Street. COLOMBO 5.
Plosje :
C0bles : TURNTIDE
5, Gowe Colom
588 436, 58

y cof People mara single goal. lt | IIII T. r": TI131i1 i 1 | ever had a claim
alternative, lt |
|-india . . . roT page 2)
The Sirihassurgd Lhat the d not eventually ian, fiere constirds are not likely
to get these fcar: Jestions of guarar5 of the final in tisfactor of both refore, need to
բ:1ճ է,
of the ethnic Pro| ie exclusi welly in
not supported by an institutional framework which provides for an equitable sharing of power at the Centre, in a parliamentary democracy which is fully reflective of all interests. This is essential if Sri Larka is ta evolve a mui– ethnic and multi-racial society in" Which al|| Communities and religa -Cultural groups share in, and contribute to the development of Sri Lanka as a whole. This is all the Tore necessary when we consider the fact that significant proportions of each of the ethnic minorities will be living inside the Northern and Eastern Province.
The discussion at the meeting Were conducted in an atmosphere of friendship and cordiality and the
participants, as a whole, have agreed to maintain contact and meet again when the situation
warrants. They hawe further agreed to keep their respective goverr
Call lead to segre- ments informed of their deliberaTinoritics, if it is tions,
AWAALF A CEVW7LVFRY
HAWE BUILT UP
OF EXPORTS AS WELL AS IMPORTS
IN NON-TRADITIONAL
EW WISTAS
'TRIBUTING FOR NATIONAL
(FFICE
NS LTO.
r Street,
.5 סb
0.2, 58 IO 36
GROWTH
EXPORT DEPARTMENT | 40, Front Stract (C(C) LOMBO || || .
Tex; 23C RUWAN

Page 17
Part II
More or less ab
Arjuna Parakrama (Second Class, Lower Divisi
in rom inded of Professor C. R.
de Silva's claims for tcc vision in his article in Sri Lanka in Change and Crisis (London, 1984) apropos the Referendum,
"The opposition, nevertheless, had certain advantages, First, with six parties arrayed against the amendment and only two supporting it (the UNP and the CWC), the opposition obtained three times as much time on official television is the government" (my emphasis).
Another example of Qadri's privileging of English is his concern for those who wanted to study a more useful subject than 'Classics" (as subsidiary) - say Economics, Political Science or Sociology' which fails to discern that English itself cannot be deemed immune to the criticism leveled at Classics. Its seems to The that English is considered sui generis and somehow exempt from this է: ԸT15Ա f :.
Qadri answers Eagleton's question as to the political significance of literature with reference to Sri Lanka today by saying that it has been a tool of the ruling classes "which gives the kaduwa they wield so successfully a sharper Cutting edge, " I'm not 5ure what he means here, unless it is simply that he thinks that their English is improved. Is the exploiter
armed with Shakesp. care worse than any other? Or does literature, qua literature, hãwe little
to do with it? In his reply to Seneviratne and Jayasuriya of November 15th, Qadri opines that "Being a radical Sinhalose, Senevi ratne should defend the right of the people of this country to communicate in English rather than u5e the Kadu wa to cut them down.' My first response is to ask whether such a defence would be analogous to a hypothetical Marie Antoinettes que defence of
the people's rig but Perhia P5 a TI tion would bo wh of the rights . fgy Yould is sa further cxploitat Carm the re be
English literatur via English) in t" is non-elitist or
Qadri admits, ously, that Hal wasis "basicy is,' a task wi
sympathy towarC to being somew
this Waldrization more so if it. b a5 || hawe shown tions make m What precisely
this cende äwor?
talks of the ''' English literatur ably would inve the English lang
|s [here a LIn cation of English these demystifica and place, to c language and lit same mystery or arc they d that Qadri is o jargon and is culpable, but it to note that in mystification of (as opposed to cepts such as r hization) becom
This demy Stif Place within th Golf Lu Cue a CCO Tío can it by implic ing of all forms with a tricontin cally studied' in Tants, It WOL this task is sp today, or at ar distinctive featu

out English
n)
nt to eat cake, ore crucial questher any defence f the privileged it necessitate the ion of the many. any studying f e (or literature is context which non-alic nating!
albicit gratu itpe's a w owed task Lankanis ing Leav
1ich Qadri feels s. I must admit nat um ca 5 y about
of Loavis, the
2 5g|2ctiye Sin Ce ab a'w the SL: I2Cs uncomfortable. is the nature of Elsewhere Qadri demystifying (of) e (which) ing Witxlve dc mystifying uage as well.'
i wersia | demy Stifti itera Lire Care tions L. Cd to tiITIA ontext? Do both erature hawe the surrounding ther, ifferent? I realise nly using current not indiwidually may be important otions such as the langauge literature more precise Concification of fetise obfuscatory.
ication cannot take e present societal ling to Qadri, mor at arm, uti || "" wyrit(though obviously enta | bias) is critiour English departld seem ther that ccific Lo Sri Lånka y ra te that it has "ces if || C. Lur Corte Xt.
I am especially wary of the misplaced 'scientific' notions that seem to bede wil Qadri's search for an adequate definition of literature. Qadri associates the lack of a proper definition of literature with a lack of clarity. If it is Indeed a fact that literature lacks a satisfactory definition, this very lack says something of the nature fiiterature itself. Does it, for instance, worry us that a perfectly well understood concept such as skis, in fact, understood clearly by people who will ha Ye
great difficulty in defining the ter?
Much of the so-called poststructuralist literary theory is unquestionably elitist, and Barthes is even heré, I feel, the thin
edge of the wedge. Susan Sontag in a sympathetic introduction to a collection of his essays writes, "Stil, Barthes is in an evasive relation to politics, and he is one of the great modern refusers of history." He certainly would not bemoan the lack of a fixed definition for literature, nor would he advocate any form of socialised reading.
Eagleton on the other hand is
quite right in his criticism Of liberal humanist “'non-Politi Cal'' uses of literature as self-deceiving. As he says, 'it is not a question of debating whether "literature' should be related to 'history or not; it is a question of different readings of history itself." His privileging of Discourse Theory or Rhetoric as the only wiable form of literary analysis is, however, by his own admission, thoroughly traditionalist. Besides, one must needs be sceptical of a man who includes himself as one of the greatest literary theoreticians of IT tire
I am convinced that "English Departments' need to become components of Departments/Pro
(Continued on page 20)
5

Page 18
High Level of
Jayantha Kelegama
he declared economic policy of the government was to force the pace of development by means of an ambitious in westment program me far cxceeding the country's internal resources. Figures show that invostment in the period 1978-83 was at a much higher level than in the Previous six years. Thus gross capital formation in 978-83 formid 28.5 Per cent of the G. D. P. (or 31,3 per cent of GNP) in contrast tq || 5.8 per comt of the GDP (or || 7.3 per cent of GNP) in 1971-76. Figures further rowcal that || ?. É por cent of the total reSources (GDP -- Imports) wara utilised for investment in the latter period as compared to | 3. I per cert in I thic former period.
It was the government's intentÎ Qm t

Page 19
Table
ECONOMIC GROWT
1970-76 an
(GDP at constant 970 facto
Etter | 7.7) as % of as % G.D.P. F
GDP 13,187 | O). Ο | 5,43 1 | 0
1. Agriculture,
forestry & fishing 3,732 교8.3 3,894 1. Ticia 43 39 2. Rubber 교 3 3. Coconut 535 455 4. Paddy 95. 70 5. () thar |250 ג'לילן 6. Fishing O 70
2. Mining &
Quarrying 9.5 OW 57 3. Manufacturing 2, 197 16.7 2,371
I. Export
Processing 893 86] 2, Factory
Industry O85 ||4 |aךחS .3
Industry O9 EG 4. Other O 13
4. Construction 744 5.É. 85
5. Electricity,
Gas & Water O 0.8
6. Transport,
Storage & Con IILInication I,258 95 1,425
7. Wholesale &
Retail Trade 2,533 9. 2,928 1. Imports 5AO OC) 2. Exports 75 "" | É, 3. Doristic 239 8.
8. Banking
Insurance & Real Estat 5. 246
9. Ownership of
Dwellings 3}} 3.0 AG
O. Public
Administration 32. Deft2 102 57 3.9 TO
| || ... Ser WiCe5
S. 459 | || I,962

H - SECTORWISE
1977-83
ir cost prices - Rs. million)
of Change 1977, 1983 as % of Change
D
D ፵፩ ...P.D. %
. 7.0 6,078 22,824 |00.0 42.)
3.2 4.3 4,299 5,498 고4.|| 27.
-7.3 46 357 -|| .2 -Լ). 4 98 W.O -5.) 423 528 24.8 -24.3 290 || , 56 47.
| .8 |, 935 2,455 25.9 6.3 79 297 65.9
37 500 55 BOC 3.5 55.3 54 7.9 2,357 2,978 3.0 고, 3
-3.7 823 769 -6.6
9 227 1,720 40,2
69.7 89 290 53.4 27 | 8 99. 68.
4.4 -7.9 69 O23 .도 65.3
O8 0.8 3. 274 O9.7
9. 3.2 1,498 2,72 95 AG.O
| 9.0 11,凸 2,999 4,502 9.7 50.
-25.9 53 | 0 44 O3.5 -5.0 663 79, 20. | 46.2 | 823 662 46.0
I6 1.8 295 548 고, 4 85.8
3.0 7.0 475 625 2.7 3.6
4.9 A.O. 79|| II, 439 6.3 8.9
|2,7 34.5 2,099 2,965 3.0 4.3


Page 20
Part II
Nationalism : Sinhala
Radhika Coomaraswamy
MEX Ta, rTni| 5ocial scientist5 have argued in private that this new phase in Tamil nationalist Writing is an attempt by the middle-class, expatriate population to capture momentum and give ideological direction to the Tamil nationalist movement which for the most part has relic d on general concepts of freedom from oppression and the right to self-determination. However, impugning motives to expatriatic scholars, and thereby dismissing tha influence of such writing may under-estimate the power of such ideology which draws sus tenance only from ethnic loyalty. There is no do Lubot, Lät these writings have become an influential part of the ideological debate and it is therefore necesay to analyst the political implications of such myth of dissemiTat | O 1.
The evolution of these nationalist myths can only be understood in the context of Sinhala nationalist ideology to which it is a political response. Sinhalese social scientists uh, as Kumari Jayawardene, R.A.L.H. Gunewardene. Gananath Cobey Sekera etc... have outlined these Sinhalesc myths in detail. Drawn from Sinhalesa chronicles, Sinhala nationalism sees Sri Lanka as the home for the Sinhala, Aryan race and the Buddhist religion. This identity has with time become a pan-class identity. Though it has been pointed out that social analysis which attempts to understand nationalism only in term of ryths and symbols is ina dequate, the experience of Sinhala nationalism points to the fact that a nationalist ideology which appears to certain types of myths and symbols has a powerful internal dynamic which cannot be understood by analysing material forces of Produ Čti corn alcone.
Tamil myths as currently espoused by some Tamil expatriate scholars
appears to have the following elements. Firstly, Tamils of Sri Lanka are the heirs to an old
and ancient civilisation which has its roots in Mohenjadaro and Harap
8
Pl, civilisations destroyed by le from West Asia are the origin: Larka, and the Si Tamils Who - Island and beca adopting Buddhi Thirdy, the Ta i T1 Sri Lanka is it is Tami | 35 Sangan renaissa century. Fourt is the religion and has a spec Lanka because of Arunuga Na
Thero are m: Creation of th; Siddhan Laidcni disturbing. In t SOLITCS 55 Case, especially arcient times : SC Lr CCS that Ha' be his Lorically ur Siri hala se scholar Tarim il scholars ac only as a sourc Porn ma riballarm ir Maha wann sa štci tangled web of fiction'', 4 Howe prevent a few using the Maha when convenier one of the argu to prove that of Ta,Til descer from the Maha, Wijaya, after reje ried a princess his courtiers mi
gf nobility. Wr
"""Thic: Sinha la chr Wasil 53 als Q rt years after Lanka, Price followers mar the Pandyan k | dija.'''"5
It is therefore the beginning th a mixed race. ethnic groups as arc mixed races i

and Tami
i w Flich had been SS developed Aryans Secondly, Tamils Frı habitants of Sri Inhalese are actually are later to the me Sir Falco after sm as their religion. millanguage spoken its purest form; spoker during the rice of Cha nin th lly, Säliwa Siddhanta of the Tamil people i al Hom cland in Sri of the teachings wallar.
iry aspects to the 5 Dravida, Saiy a y which are rather hic first place, the argue the Tami with regard to ire the wery same We been prowed to I reliable by Critica S. Generally most CCPC the Mahawa Tisa e of legends. S. 1 fact calls some es ''nothing buta cleverly contrived :Wʻ(er, thi 5 does not Tamil scholars from
Sills St it. For example ments put forward tha: Sinhala 5e are it is a quotation 'a mga that Prince :cting Kuweni, marfrom Madura i, and Ir-ried Tarmi l wormer ites Satyendra :
"C" i ClC, the Maha2CCrds that a few
s ar riwa || || Sri Wijaya and his rici Tami5 from
kingdoms in South
asserted that from 1 e Sinha lese were he fact that most i they cxist today 5 perhaps correct,
Myths
Friðri 7 the for thCorri ing volume Facets of Ethnicity in Sri Lanka by the Social Scientists' Association.
but using the Mahavamsa as a historical sourco, whether by TârT is or Sinhalese, poses majo problems of interpreting historical : In some cases, Tamil wri
tér5 12. We LSEd the ad the Mahabharata as sources to show an early Tamil presence in Sri Lanka:
""The Mahabharata and Ramayana the two great Indian epics written in Sanskrit before the Sixth Century B. C. mention the Naga kingdoms and their conquest by Ravana, the Tamil Yaksha King of Sri Lanka. "'5 This type of history, which uses legend as empirical fact, must be challenged and discredited, regardless of the author or text.
The drawidian race and myths of origin:
Ashis Nandy in his recent book con colonialism outlines two forms of contemporary dissent. The first accepts the world wiew of the oppressor and dissants from within the value framework. The second accepts the oppressor's definition of the other but glorifies the very values which are anathema to the op pressor. Tamils || Wing in Sri Lanka haya been constantly subjected to the Sinhalese version of the "Aryan' myth; Anagarika Dharmapala's noble Aryan race has been Tammed down their throats cewar since independence was ach i gwcd. As a reaction to glorification of the "Aryan", there is an increasing Tamil tendency to speak of the noble Dravidian past. Mohenjadro is said to be the world's oldest civilisation which was destroyed by less than civilised Aryan hordes. The rennants of this old and majestic Drawid iam civilisation can only be found in Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka . . . so the argument EC୧୫:
(Cantinuod en prge 20)


Page 21
Prime Minister Recapt
Political
Babhani Sen Gupta
fter staging a retreat almost
all along the political front in the face of a späte of criticism in the press and by po!|- ticians including many of his own party, the prime minister, Mr. Rajiv Gandhi, appears to hawe: 5, wang in to action to reCapture the political Initiative, Hç has appointed a second one-man commission, chaired by justice Wentakarariah of the Supreme Court, to determine and specify the Hindi-speaking areas to be trans
ferred to Haryana in lieu of Chandigarh, The areas to be transferred must be other that A biohar and Fazilka. This com
mission is to begin its work on Apr 18 and Sub Tiit its report to the Union Hofme Ministry by the last day of May. The Primo minister-" is ir i ti åt i'w has : C C7 in LCT
preted by an English daily that has been highly critical of the Punjab accord as the Union go
yer Tent's da Lermina Liam Io II. Ta 15fer Chandigarh to Punjab 'regardless of consequences in Haryana." A more objective interpretation is that the appointment of a sc cond commission with cleaf-cut torms of Tcfcronce manifests Mr Rajiv Gandhi's determination to implement the accord he signed with Sant Harchand Singh Longowa | bringing the Akali-Centre conflict to an amicable settlerient.
sor Gandhi H15 also taken 3 second political initiative of more
than usual significance. He got the G. M. Shah ministry of Jammu and Kashmir dismissed by the
Governør, ånd subsequently måde it Clear to the parties concerried
that election would be held in the Eta Lg2 withim six months. According to reliabic sources,
Jam minu and Kashmir wi || go to the polls in August. The belated dismissal of the Shah ministry W35 M", Gadhi " 5 final T5, tre of the monostrosity per patuated in Kashmir's political life by tha. Congress - in 1984, when it put
initiative
the defector G. M. in order to cut. du||ah d{yyn t(2 5 i la h's National Con to win a handsor seats in the legi: The Congressanoth e state, bu one more victory Сгасу.
F. Gli
3. blo: Limo tro : reca PT Lircd Politic two strategicallyStars in the no Home Ministry's f: Chandigarh to P. 26 wickend the
F C i F i Ti E - Barnala and gave 3 LITT I EXTITI! {ို Sikh 5. W org: For a time it a Unic Horte Minis; with -hief mIn ist Harya na to PerSL that implementat accord would rii Harya Fna, and per desh, to the Lili elections Schedule 1988. The prime to be undCr Stro his party Colleag om the PL njab acce precious months, tical leadership a fron.
The Stakes in CF a diffe 11 Khir H dt the Congress par very short while
in coalition wit Cofrece. lt y signs of Mrs G:
leadership in the 15 ព{ po 25. Li : gress — 1 leaders of dubicus politie wascillating secula to bring about t

Ur62S
1, Shah to power Dr. Farouq Abge. Dr. Abdulferece is certli" The plurality of i lati we as 5 embly. will ose yet t |Ih di3: "Wi | | Wirh * for its deto
xwed much văluipse before he all initiatiwa in -located frontier
th. The Union 1ilur a te tra 18 fer In jab on January Politica || 5 ta Eure r Surjeet Singh
arı immadiate 5t : politics a mang ! things followed. peared that the try was in league er Bhajan Lal of | aldı. Mir" (Gandhi ili ion of the Punjab a tha: || 355 of -haps Utter Prang party in the ld for 1987 and ministor goemgd ng pressure from Les to back-trick ord. For go wara
Gai's ippeared to ဒြို
Kashmir Li re, Ja Lum Li arid been ruled by ty except for a and that too the National ya 5 com of the indhi's faltering
1980's that sh 1 ded by the Conof Kashmir, Ten zal integrity and r omm Tiltriments, he indecent coup
W
against Dr Farouq Abdullah, G. M. Shah had newer been a man of strong secular convictions. His moral and political integrity has seldom been above question. Burning politica ambitions um matched by political acumen led him betray his own brother-in-law, and 5 Polit. the National Conference in order to escape the rigours of the Art defection Act. The state Congress - I stooped to the radir of its political integrity when it backed the Shah ministry and kept it in power for so many months. During this period, the Muslim population of the walley, especially the youth, got more alienated from India than any one seems to be ready to acknowledge. The last months of the Shah regime plunged the valley into communal tensions and conflicts which I had ng we knowl before,
It was only after G. M. Shah
had totally lost control of law and order in Kashmir, that Governor Jagmohan, who had
placed him in the office of chief minister, was compelled to dismiss him under orders from Delhi. At this stage the prime minister took charge of the Kashmir issue. He dismissed all ideas of a rump ministry formed by a coalition of Congress - legislators, the majority of Shah's followers who de ser tex him the moment he lóSt. the gadi, 3 number of independents. Mr Gandhi instructed the Home Ministry to hold elections in Jammu and Kash Timiro in Gix months of Governor's tule.
|rı Kashmir, thic electora! process will restore the government of the National Conference leaded by Farouq Abdullah, The Congress — | is in no Positi on to challenge the NC's supremacy in the walley. G. M. Shah, who has now publicly parted with secularis In, has formed a rapidly coin


Page 22
munal "political party'', but it is unlikely to make scratch on the post-election equation of Power.
howevẹr, the success of the Prime minister's na w Political initiative is by na means certain. Already, the Delhi nic wspapers hawe been re
In Punjab,
porting the ''dissapointment' and
''dismay' created in Haryana by the appointment of the Wentakaramiah commission. It is being suggested that the transfer of Chandigarh to Punjab would near Congress - I defeat in the 1987 e|ection. Bhajan Lal is not a riman to easily submit to his inevitable fa || from Power. It is to be hoped that the commission's award would generously compensate Haryana for the 'loss' of Chandigarh. In any case, much more important for Haryana than a cluster of Willages is a fair share of the life-giving waters of the Suttlej. Barnata played his trump Card by gorg slow, abysmally slow, with the construction of the Sultej canal, Which i 5 part of the Punjab accord. Bhajan Lal may have been persuaded that with waters flowing into Haryana
through the canal before the end of the year, he should be able to convince the Haryana
voters that they have gained more
than they may have 'lost' from
the transfer of Chandigarh to
Punjab.
The Prime minister needs to
focus all his attention on quick
implementation of the Punjab accord. That along can confirm in the public mind the credibility of his political leadership. Once hic has seen through the implementation of the Punjab accord, it will be relatively easy for hi Ti to Put down the many disorders in the Congress Party. Without firm political leadership, affirmati we as we|| 15 a5 5 arti we, it wil mot be possible for Mr Gandhi even to implement new economic policy. calls for continuing political iniLiative especially in a country like Ir dia where every other person is a pctrified defender of the Status quo.
O
his Change
More or le
(Continued f
gramı mes of Cri Studies, lt | :::as First World, if their existence include those o (whenever we must surely ba 25s than dubious that it is no
ription) since t
qui tg, different, C. Ticini table, ad the temptation At any ratic | fi attention has Wolosinov Baxtin Agg i5 in fact class struggle, em Phäsis on t within and with language itself re notions hay t order to fit in 15 that which ( I do not know. d235 a5 thof my critique.
I would haw more respect f: fides is, in thi Criticism, he Hai complicity as a s of which he low Qadri wrote,
'Time was whit produced thin would influer Society: in Sri converse has Wersites à te r separate from of society, th mainstream of wa lues (or lac Sli: Titi being the first, priority of eve and the same (money being tion) per wader5
| reca || a lor, HiT om the sub WYS, where he pite its da rogat that this was
versity. It mi have been a tr slip-trap, but
Yer dit on this.

SS . . . rom page 15)
tical ärid CL || Lura | t in the Sota|| cd they are to justify hesitate to f the Third World Se this läbiel w c COF 5 titulus of it5 origins conscious 3. "TCutra" descheir problems are Wen Perhaps insurThe TLS resist to globalise here. ael that insufficient een paid to the insight that languthe site of the thereby laying Iă tensions both olIt langauge that fracts. How these be modified in o a project such Qadri is proposing I just offer these CC3f15 tructive part
hård 5 come what ar Qadri's bona 2 cours g of his id acknowledge his tudent with much
derids. In 1983
2il CLIf III i for SIL Io, king beings who ice and change i Lanka today the Lur Cid. Curt u||- Tot i Yory to wers the Ilainstream ey represent the ociety. The same :k of thern), the ins (employment second and third y undergraduate) fack of ideālismı the only Totiwa
Cha campus.""
g discussiori Ywith ject of ivory toTai tā irid, de 5
vory Connota, tion5 ,
is ideal of a uni3y, of . cro4.Ir5e, El Po, or even a
we must await his
|f his position has changed now, surely the university deserves some credit 2 My own fear is that it hasn't changed enough, and that implicit in his entire denouement is the idea that the proper study of English (or World) literature (and this too more new-fangled than Marxist. I'm afraid) etc., Can l'apart from an ini qui tous social system' change the world. It is precisely this privileging of (L) I l terature ower the other disciplines, albeit presented as a criticism of the functioning of a particular period of time, that find dificult to accept.
Mlationalism :
(Contiாபed from page 8)
''The Tamils of Sri Lanka are an ancient people . . . It was a Dravidian civili sation which treed its origins to the people of Mohenjadaro in the Indus vally ar. ound 2,500 years before Christ's
A concept of Aryan as a racial category has been dismissed b scholars from around the world. Max Mauller acceptad In the end that he used the term "Aryan" to describe certain languages. The extension of this linguistic concept Lo con Wey a sense of rico Was a contribution of the German nationå list movement, especially in its Nazi phse. R. A. L. H. Ganewar. dene in his article on "The People of the Lion" shows that the term Aryan was not used in the tradi
tional chronicles of Sri Lanka. Aryan as derno ting Sinhala racia | identity is therefore falso. The
cry of Dravidian is equally mythical. Dravidian is a linguistic Category, not a racial one, and it is highly unlikely that the Tamils living in Sri Lanka are the lineal descendants of the citizens of Mohenjadaro.
(To be Continued)
FOOTNOTES
4. s. Por nam palari, p. 10 5. N. Satyendrin, p, H5 é. S. Partin amba larri, P, 7
As Nigdy, The Irirrriate Enemy: The Under Colonialisrn, New Delhi, '83.
N. Šaty er dra, p. 85 R. A. L. H. Gunlyard na Tho People and the Lion: Sinhala Identity ind
Historiography', Sri Lanka e Liria | If the Hularities, Carib 979.


Page 23
CATS EYE
END THIS DESTRUCTWE WAR NOW SAY WOMEN
Wormer's orgarı isä, tions from both the South and North of Sri Lanka hawe swoiced their Protests against the violence and horrors of war, against the excesses of the combatants, against the abduction of children and rape of women, against their sons, father and brothers being brutalised by participants in a destructive conflict which causes increasing bloodshed and wanton destruction om both sides. Now it ig tim: for the Warner to flgt only voice their protests against insensate bombings as occurred recently, but also to raise their voices against the war and to bring all possible pressure for a solution to this fratricidal conflict.
''Wome for Peace' has issued a new leaflet in time for May Day this year, which was distributed at the major political party rallies on May 1st. Called 'Women Wiolated', the leaflet seeks to illustrate the threat to all Women in Sri Lanka inherent in the Creeping - or rather gallopingmilitarisation and brutalisation of or society. It relates, on One side the story of a 16 year old Siri hala schical girl in Ratnapura, who was sexually assaulted and toro LL|red by two policemen; and on the other, the story of a Tamil mother of 4 children, who was gang-raped by nine Homic Guards in Trincorralee. Both inCidents took plase in the lattar half of 1985.
Several incidents of rape in the North and East, by Security Forces and Home Guards, hawe been reported by the Jaffna Mothers "Front and Citizens' ComTitte C5. Wictims have usually been Teuta, co make forma || Stateents, through fear either of the
social stigma wh rape victims (no or of reprisals: and their fi Ti threatened with were to report WHere atte sted made the subject tations to the the government, low-up action h: a few cases of Guards, enquiry by dismissal of th However, this 5 on the integrity individua officers ig 1-a i 1g titL] tic. I'll; for assuring justi enquiry - to the Especially in casĘ Army, the gove I. e. Jtti Flt ta. L: fear of the eff 'rigae'' and, army 'discipline'
The rapes in East arc: One på aspect of the wa has Lun (ca.5h C2 (d Lu population living
Th2 Č35 fikT a Sinhalese girl by Sinhale se poli in a different for has became est legitimised, as settling disputes, Struggles and infl in general. Inc against women part of the wh Wiolence which F Society; for exar to in Liminate the enco at election: matches, and so of Lhe abuse of tion with the Only allows to pa actually cor daries

ich attach E5 to t their assailants) victims of rape lies hawe been death, if they these incidents. Cases have been of special depulighest lewels of little or no fol15 resulted. In rape by Home as been followed e The Cite Tred. totally dependent and courage of in charge; there lised procedure :: - " ''T LITT victims of rape. as involving the : rn men t app0:a r"S ke action, for !cts upon army ironically, upon
the North and rticularly brutal which the state pton the Tam ||
ir these a reas.
the South, cof sexually assaulted certen indicas, 11, that wicci. absed,
the Ileans of resolving power U gri ling Outcom CS reased will Cea is an integral ole Cultura of las pervaded our ple the attempts : Judiciary, Wilaäid at crick C:. on. Each instance power and posigovernment rii:L SS Jr. PLInish Sid blt
ård r. wad 5
(such as thic policemen involved in the "Pavidi
promotion of the
Handa' and Wivianne Gaonewardene fundamenta | rights cases) renders it more difficult to implement PJ nitiv c action regarding the next one, always supposing that there exists the will to do 5 (፲ .
NEGOTATED SETTLE MENT
''Women for Peace', an Crga IIStion which unites women from all communities in working towards a just, negotiated settlement of the war, condemns atrocities against Women by persons entrusted by the State with the protection of the Civilian population,
The events described here are sy T Ptomatic of the general culture of violence which has oscalated with the intensifying militarisation of our society.
BATT CALOA WOWEN PROTEST
The Eastern province has recently seen an increase of violence against the civilian popullition and e5P 2Cially agairst womer at the end of April, the Women of Batticaloa, for the first time marched in Procession, protesting against
the disappearance of 75 youths who had been taken into custody. The women marchers who aro mainly the mothers and wives of these 'disappeared persons' took a petition the Government Agent asking for the whereabouts of their missing relatives. The
memorandum also demanded that the ha rassmant of women and young girls be stopped.
교 |


Page 24
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Page 25
THE AO LIMO PARALLEL
The irrelevant analogue
f the burdon of Professor Carlo Forska"; mi 55 i 2 i 5 that thCrCl must be a SLI firict I Limber of analagous personal charact cristics for a political leader to hop e to emulate another, he is arguing on the Bä515 of irro Clevancies sich as age, gender, height, weight, education and class background. He ignores the socio-economic com .ęxt in which C.Y ents år C likely to materialize. Granted, Lå Lon LEX t r1 eʼ','ger" b c:: replicated in toto: each con Lext requires the inclusion or exclusion of factors which, though significant in orie Ch's E, mãy be in CCT153 quential another, or wicc Warsa, or |rfg|Lyant im both, || The C15= of Marcos, apart from his grosser acts of peculation, transfer of illegally begotten wealth abroad, exploitation of sugar plantation w cirkers on a SČ:3 || 2 LI TI known i Ti the Lankan tea osta tes, impoverishment of th". Lu|E531 fi Worker 5 ard middla classes Owing, inter alia, to inflation, Compounded by
the contrilon knowledge that coctions would be rigged in Philipine style. There is no need
to resort to th Liggery, impersonation or defamation. Returning officer 5 are the President' 5 ITT, 21 id a re il SLFLC ted to arri Cin Ce that the government candidate has won, irrespective of the actual court, There is no provision for cha | lenging the result, and rectification by an å ggr i C:'W Cd candidate is possible only through
the prolonged process of filing action in the Courts. The commer då bo | measures of Marcos"
''New Society'' when first elected, particularly his ban on Carrying firearms, were negated by his subsequent nepotism, corruption and m egalo mania.
Do wel not see a similar situation emerging hero? matters not that a political leader has been deprived of his or her civic rights if the actions which constituted the office "abuse of power' pale into mere Pecadillos in comparison with the grosser abuses of power and ca||lous, um concerm for the public
interes and po by his or har in ri. Si KE ignominous defeat promise DIT : hal 5o ro a C älfläLC:d in An Minister's Story tad after Hic c5 His egregrious 5e the fu || w cight : Lka HL5. Yo countar the expc "y":". C., id tid
rags like Atth Cd LIC1 tİCİı "İrı iste h is seat li rn Ku li y
The Higher Educ did incur the Wi staff and student: dee per reasons, | iwe by educati, position of the the Militer was charity from his c. w 35, M5, Birmiä LH: SLFP LC á | | I |57), rgutg: veteran politiciar told me, "swing Se Wen-ye år 5 CILJr The || || Lusi Ti f g wide. Wher a arrogates to its pri Wii log2% Ino L. coni
T13 i II,
It is impossib teel I still levels, in the face Tıfı, torm, and the is to leave ends us at LIS LI r i Lu 3 riti e veri tha stat: le eme:rging in plag of the detested Af though in sheep'. respectable state The 'progressive the Colonial burg impS-uni 215 b>rr equivalent in the —LP. The NSB
educed its inter the cost of li progressively inc clé†t er der is n Cripping withho gets no interest his Capi La for 5ort

s of Mervyn and Carlo
lar son rim. quisitors. Why |awal & Lufficer a
in 1956. His for his private hildren's home Asia. Prime
Was III, IL T2SP Ect the electio. lf-confidence and 3f the powerful papers failed to sures by what o be journalistic 1. Why did r riyago la lose api tiya in 197O? L Act of É "ath of university 5, but the were
Mar does riot 3 a long. The ote was that
rığbt disperi sing yw'r purse, Why ike, hawing led andslide victory 97 As I Dorio de So Lugge
is swing'. The ge had to end. mocracy becomes rotte colligarchy : If powers and erred by popular
e to make elds or sluggish sail ar y of un precedented only alternative 1 met and Borrow es of interest, rding Institution5 of the Wolf għan moneylen der 5 Clothing, as a Savings Bank. !' legislation of eoisie to protect towers, has no da rista Set hasi dira Stically "ẽ5 L fātaś, whilữ wing index ha 5 reased: the pruow subject to a lding tax, but if he withdraws i 2 ur Fent PurPC,52
such as cha na lling a doctor Cir profering a bribo, while the NSB summarily reduces its interest rates with o Llt so m Lich as issu in E a frash, w do Luch Cr", TF1 e un berable burden of progressively increasing Cost of li wing has reduced the work in E and middle clas, 5 e 5 to desperation and destitution. For the majority shoa-string budgets, no discretionary spending i 5 Possible. For the Purcha se of a soft-cover-book or going to the theatre, spells financial ruin. The Ministry of Cultural Affairs fails to realise the truth of Galbraith's aphorism that culture is possible only after society has had its dinner. For the desparate worker, there is nothing to lo se by the wild-cat strike.
Dare ar y go wernment reject a demand for a nere RS. Ü00 by
der tists and 750 by nurses, when their own salaries and other benefits, et alone il legal grati
fications hawe beer increased withCut awan a request from them, and without popular sanction. Wa: Luld the governmen L hawe been elected had these selfish motives baer1 deċi: li reti I In their electici FThäflifgstgs?
Dare any government resort to LIrhash 71 T11ed I nepot ism e'w en in tho Cche tons of higherearning, whero political appointees irl Contro carry on regard 255 of the secthing discontent in their initiruLign5 at th : offer of benofit: to a cotoric of their loyal lackeys, cwen sponsoring their candidature to apparently impartial bodies such as the Academy of Sciences.
Dare a ny gaxWernment permit the conspicuous consumption of 3 lumpem bourgeoisię, graduating from the slums of Ko tehena to the environs of Colombo 7, spending their newly acquired wealth on irriported luxuries in 5upermarkets, while half the Population is at statyti on l : Wells, languishing on foJd stamps.
Dare any government officially p. Is grTliote 5p ort5, 5 Luch ag cricket at state expense, for tha: del cctation of pri Wilcgcd muStargs, philistines who have now cr maru
교3


Page 26
red, intellectually or emotionally, since their schooldays. Under the delusion that the whole country is intently following these Thatches between well-fed youths, taking title off during working hours to listen to radio commentaries, even the regular SLB C Programmes being in turrupted without notice, for ball-by-bal|| commentaries of the pandu as it is officially described by commentators in the Si ha la mediurn,
Dare any government permita first gen cration immigrant to flutut ii || Cabinet com wanticom, and organize civil disobedience carpaigns, while the son-of the–5oi | (SCS) to di 5 Play a black flag is considered treach Cry, treason.
Thls is the -onTexT in which see the unremitting cscalation of violence, terrorism (no attempt has been made to bar the carrying of fireams, although in colonia | LİTTLES, IL Wäs 3 Cim: Cewcem Lco carry an open knife) forgery, theft and fraud. Those who have no hope cf surwi wall, 5 ti|| css of maintäin ing a com wentional | cwel of prodigality, by legitimate means turn to crire, including drug and arms peddling. Others sgeking to escape from harsh realities find solace in drug addiction, alcoholis, or self destruction (one can commit suicide indirectly by living dangerously, the commonest mode being to drive motor vehicles recklessly, ki || ing others before erding one’s own life). For the law-abiding the only means of obtaining a
living wage is through strike action. Murses do not see why th ay must wait unti | September
when already over paid politicians Were given immediate increases. Even the "independent' candidate, like thc: bu yer of Iottery tickcts, hopes that by soma miracle, he will join the ranks of the affluent political lump en bourgeoisic, gain
ing a pension after five years in power,
In certa in socio-economic Con
texts the tolerance of frustration is high. Morth Indian relief workers toil long hours in the furna če heat of Summer, to earn a pittance to buy an inadequate portion of grain. They do not complain, just as the howels of of construction Workers inter per Ged
24
between the pal the rich, cause It is not so in Karma-syndrome government l ted image of a
ment 33 al gener charity to the wilęgę d tt gye to be un requited should be ex pe Ai i ribalance of ro in a very law . io. Pery:1%iya frr:3 tin Carl II by the provision (ironically propa. Tanifesto of . forgotten when
th: (gris: : ko'oy 3. Lihat til: mot financed QLU L incomes of Polit owe no gratitud Willage u plift men houses project,
of the Korean
ment is equally inflows bring was
the sponsors, ar ple owe no g. government. Mo not a home,
The last straw, can no longer grievances by re |Ot. Who won election last yea |i: Wait urti : extra-parliament: supporti ring Parti:
In the frequer ing rancor of s incidence of crime alcoholism c, spread a nomie,
cm; which ho | Lh, Er" iT tF ||
low d to the all institutions Even the family in the larger so frightening pros: si: i ylli” of each will be reca||cc| 5 i der that the II || Yayu Čifličit, the mor a hypothetical s and would be it tary acceptance cf. civil Society, ties of the pur mo Tore, and t}

atial ransions of
Il est, lanka, where thic is Weaker. No "gwers :: the rac"good" govern"ous dispenser of C2ople it is priII. Wild it has giving. Nothing cted in return. eciprocities result |era lice of fius Era
är demi: ardly be reversed Qffrgç: text:çoks ed il g fF5 hig. LSSP, but the party joined ition). Everyone free backs áre of the generaus icians, and they 2 to government. t and the million
in imitation of
'Salemaul' Toyg
waii. The cash Li fr | 55 II (15 [ĝi 1d again the Peoratitude to the reever a house is
' is that people wertilate their 5ort To th-: bathe Muki rigala r? Will the pubF89 or resort to try agitation, even as of Catastrophe. cy and increastrikes, the high I, drug addiction, dišceron a wideā breakg gf Society togecultura, but have di Sintagration of and associations. is in pari and ciety there is the șct of a Hobbeagainst all. It that Hobbes comappointment of Erd in L212-inIII 137 || Condition of Late of malt Lura, 2 placed by volunof the restraints The reciprocia na willage are 12 peasant reset.
t|Emert scherTes of the 1ahawej Project can hardly find appropriate rurill social form5, thc: "'Cirror groups' being a bureaucratic subterfuge. In urban areas thera are hardly any voluntary neighbourhood groups. The par worse actions of a corrupt a created a revolutionary mood in the Philippines, spearheaded by the Church, which found in Cory Aquino the obvious leader. The Circumstances III Lanka may not be quite the same. But comparisons of age height, education are irrelevant, Since gvery revolutionary movement has been led by a radical bourgeoisie (Lenin, Mao Tze Dong, Castro and others) Class background is as li rrelewa mt as dress (Mrs. Bandarana ike's siri wis-a-vis Aquino's western dress) The bugbear of a "Marxist state' peddled by apologists of Wulgar Capitalism Is on a par With the Infantile discrder of left-Wing communism of Wulgar Marxism, which newer gained acceptance in this Coultry. E. E. OE
RAPIER
Towards. . .
(Contin Lied from page Ió)
ever in the most hostile of climates and despite the hysteria of Ticiāli 51 y Hic His oftm conditioned political debate in the South. However, we arc: convinced that attacks such as the Qne against civilians in A nu radhapura, or against the Air Lanka Tristar or against the personnel at the CTO are inexcusable and debase any political cause which is fighting for social justice. Such acts only send us further down the road of tribalism and barbarism. As a society we have been forced to accept an Lnprecedented proportion of Brucality and violence and no community is innocent of this blood letting. And yet, though one must insist that the government carries the major responsibility for Instituting and implementing the process Es of peace, We are also of the belief that the tire has corne for all sections of our society to begin to work for the values of
humanity, peace and tolerance without which no Society ta Fl su"WiiW.


Page 27
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