Page 1
Church and State: the comi can Chur
LANKA
GUAR
Vol. 9 No. 6 July 15, 1986 Price Rs. 4.0 (
The mili in the f
- TULF |
PPC AND
4. The fishing boat th
3: Sirima on the SLFP
* Shan: Ils “unitary" Sa
:: SWRD: A federal f
India-Sri Lanka: is Barnala and Punjal
Also: Star Wars,
MIRJE on PI Jeanne Pinto
 

ng challenge to the Sangha: ch unity hold 2
DA
Registered at the GPO, Sri Lanka QJ/72/N/86
tants must join inal stage
leader in exclusive interview
- Mervyn de Silva
DEVOLUTION
at may rock Tamilnadu
boycott
acrosanct ?
orm is only solution
Ralph right 2 - M. v.
D - Bhabani Sen Gupta
CWC conflicts and PC,
on Rupavahini

Page 2
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Page 3
T R E |
TROUBLE IN THE THOTTAM AGAIN
kioith kiWir7g5 5 tio! going pri in the ricorth (Inci e(151, especially in the Trincoln Talee district, arid riolence ertpring in orher places, rie fer-day estate Strike a Pι, η ειμανι, Τσιρι ή αιτιο ημιlying cashes where if horse.5 frid hops have leer hurri, dia For greith the he 7lilles, One report safd that over 2CM) farmiliet fied hÖles.
": "1", "F:
Haye rés“
W 1's The SVN for Frça seal arī ir ferē tirg ieri ir re political irreplications of this „Fadder a break 2.f ''sclerce. 'a, tiere a ritiri tre CPVC?
As play FTs affar7 has y la FET y also rehaired trade unior chief.
fair for foyer i siirry" y'eas, MM r. Thoridan in his taken or all challe 77 ger Eriad Jutro sa "I Feyred
their with surprising agility. He ruris a fight ship, μή εται γενισπ. Bμι Mr. Hari has been away recently. Is thar (Nie reason why the ČAPČ i'r dit var r r a Fe four corriers of the sprawling thoritam? Or Thursday July 9, the CP4'C General Serrerary' 5 erit of "get-back-, J-14"Cork’ order Ýr er folk hy 'fri'r S&E-L'we' Η απατίλντ μιλ55 ε5 ίνει Ιήε μιτια Ι Caifficials.
Brit by the end of the week Ilie I rike t'as still yr a 7' a batur W9,900 H'Örkers die For report for 'ark. Work II's resurred by July 73.
FfF , ! Tradik
Drering the troubled Weeks of the "Citizenship Bill", there We're Presistent reports of a new chillege to the CPC leadership.
Sorine said it 1 'ass' gerrerationali; Irers fried onlinois' of a ri ideological thread. Challeges
here rap bo bl sificus fa cysť MY
IN POLIC
While IGP C heer l'arrierf ing
'i resos το ιερ ιπ ίΤιγι }}ỉ#ff "tự}}"ỉc tới ris' Fife, he ki' e'diff y fri Με τα γιε Ιη έέή. Τιμη Ι. Μίας Σται μεr ται μια είίτι, forητιτίία η αίοινί f) Fopeaa r hafar, ir7cialer71, 52 y; Karriarar f Kr cirge hirne/ fr! FIS, Cell. The Fidai Theo surer, Făreilii feri, Perca der i'r Uri F7Cylice cell artes
rī perfeld.
Η Ιε οι εν fard Wilyfr Preig irro costa dy hy'
LARM
GUAR
Wo| S No. &
Priė
Published fo
Lanka Guardian
No. 246,
COLON
Edi: Me Tʻyi
Telephone

N D S
f it he r. Treyric Fair.
E CELLS
'r' fert G.57 i 're re'r fri furf? crie for frigo Jorge τΡίτι τί η α: της Ι Press reported police cells in Kardy's Aeldi* τα η αriεrεί ι ified to have infall & fide&ff e ii irrr. I rl rat {'r fydd Neil gāri: Id ta' irh I sa rong la gire la g Festis ro tre rie DePr, 3j re arsity and the rafter have heel
cate, 2f year
as ir 14's faker
féle Lurij: Iulti
E DAN
July 15, 1986
R O
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ublishing Co Ltd
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Suriya police for the alleged efo'r cyf" (7 hicycle, III is rice, Ι. Ν. Κ. ΑπPI, 7 ημ ται σε η Mi for detado iri fłe police celo the Frey day'. His body was reker rapo Theo Ki'i 'apiro iyo: hoj, spira7 | 1 , "here! cur irquer l'as held. The verde vai e de a "asphixia
y inHgig".
TRADE ZONE
Clairring a 25-fold increase iri export eiri siigs (iri riipee ferroris), fire (GCEC proudly plaraded IT UNIDO study" recer fly 14'hi chi yake of the “rn Irak irigis if ( 37 ir Ice cor fry — 'a' bờrr cost", iridigericos rf o FF «Trerials arid exceller failifies'. A fle YCA grference as f l'eok, fr.s l'Oirector Carriorie ofet ()rz I he “ deplora7b!eʼ 11'ork irrg coYrdi fiors for l'orie. Teri girli had to live i ove roof, and The cravo dirio Pr * Were "u" hygieri io", Park "as so girl II sore factories, thar Worner could na: Te the faillet during working to Iris.
CONTENTS
News Background EKCI LISY ::
Interview oith Amir thaingarn d Church ard Statea
C: The First Fissues
LLLLLL S S LLLLLLaLLLLL S S aLLS SLLLC SLLLLLLaLLLL |FJE tri D. olutin 卓 President's Pro Posials Federation as the Only Solution
IC II" Pit|| || P: || 3 | É Frigi N2 YY3 Re-shaping Indo-Sri Lankar
Fielā tiri 5 En las Futut in
Rajiv Gandhi's Hands Rupa wa hini — 1 II
Printed by Ananda Press, 825, Wolfendhal Street, Colombia fi.
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Page 4
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Page 5
Danger of roc the Tamilnadu
Mervyn de Silva
W醬 for the past ten days in the Jaffna hospital is 40 ear old Kanapathy, a wounded
fisherman over Whort both Delhi and Colombo hawe thrown a blanket of official silence, inspite of a flurry of diplomatic notes and polite and not-so Polite "protests" and defensive explanations and replies between the two capitals. In normal circumstaces, Mr. Kanapathy would be a "nobody". In the Present, hig hly delicate preliminary round of talks between the TULF and the Sri Lankan government, the poor injured fisherman from Rameshwarn could be described as a W. W. I. P. for his Eragic tale could do much more than rock the boat.
He is so important that Kanapathy whose very existence was officially de nied by some authorites is, according to unconfirmed reports from Jaffna, guarded day and night by some "Tiger' militiamen! Probably worried about his safety, the "Tigers don't want him be removed from the hospital.
The man has meantime been visited by his boss, the o'Wrner of a small fishing fleet in RameshWaran, This un publicised ("Secret") trip to Jaffna was made possible by the Sri Lankan government responding to a firm request by Delhi. His statement in any case has been recorded by the Jaffna authorities.
The man who has a couple of bullet wounds in his body as evidence of the Veracity of his story belonged to a 'search party' sent from Rameshwaran to look for two fishing bosts which had set sai I from the Tamilmadu Coast on July 1 and had not returned. The boats, it was feared, had drifted into Sri Lanka Waters, as it so often happens, both ways.
The search party was stopped by the Sri Lankan nawy. When
explanations we officer in comma patrol boat had : and allowed the sea for the missing fact given the Ramesh watan b. No. 1) a permit.
Sometime late ordered to stop We55e with unf on board. The but to no effect sp rayed with bu matic Weapons. ded, hid in th And then quietly side from the E He was finally maran and the dispensary some
That was his st - first six, an Wete Washed ash highly decompo: now been burie
The Sun, th: publish the st Defence Minist denial of the in a Comment tha personnel" we attackers they Efterrorists tryir peace process'.
Delhi Tefused t and insisted that tement be reco inquiry made. but for wery gooi go public.
On the last similar incident were stormy di Rameshwa talan governппent pr! action.
When an Ind: Sel Scized a 5

king
boat
are offered the nd of the nawy
been extremely helpful. He had "ch We s5e| to look. boats and had in skipper' of the pat (Ancharneyan
r, the boat was by a Sri Lankan ormed personnel' ermit was Wawed The boat was |||gt 5 from autoKanapathy Wounנוחססe TחEIחe e Y slipped over the |dat now or fire. rescued by a cataef at a 5mă| miles from Jaffna.
ory. Nine bodies d then three, -
ore later. These ied bodies hawe
in Jaffna.
: only paper to огу, quoted a ty official's flat ident, and also t if uniformed e in fact the must have been ng to scuttle the
'buy' the story,
Kanapathy's Sta"ded and a fu || Delhi was angry i Teasons, didn't
occasion that a o CCLIITred there monstrations in d the Tamilnadu issed Delhi for
In Coastguard wesri Lankan nawy
Flash
A senior Indian High Commission official will fly to Jaffna to bring the wounded Tamilnadu fisherman Kanapathy to Colombo who will leave for Madras if the doctors okay the trip. With Kanapathy in Jaffna is the boss of the fishing company, Rama samy. On the 4th, Indian High Commission presented its fourth note Worbale" on the matter to the Foreign Ministry. 6 of the bodies of the 9 fishere killed in the mystery' attack were buried in Jaffna, and the others Cremated. Nervous about Tamilnadu reactions and an uproar in Parliament, both sides are keeping the matter under wraps.
patrol boat some weeks later and took its crew into custody the "coincidence'' was marked well by all diplomats in Colombo. Finally, 17 Tamilnadu fishermen facing charges for poaching on Sri Lankan territorial Waters Were "exchanged' in a diplomatic deal for the nawal crew.
Tamilnadu factor
In post-independence India, it was Tamilnadu that first raised the separatist banner. The leadership came from the DMK, which later split into two, the AIDMK of MGR now in power in Madras, and Mr. Karunanidhi his bitter opponent, still a powerful force in Tamilian politics. The ADMK has the ruling Congress (1) as its coalition partner.
When the militant groups were summoned to Thimpu, Mr. Prabhakaran went into hiding. His patron
(Continued on page 5)

Page 6
AMRTHALMGAAM MATERWIEW
If there is progress, militants can be held
motional and physical strain, and sheer fatigua 5 howed om
the faces of the TULF leaders wher. | saw them on Monday morning but friendly smiles greeted me from a group of politicians had known from the parliarrier its of the 60's and 70's, and in a few cases from the late 50's. If they hay been liv in it up as CXPå trialt gig in Maidis ag gis Delhi, is their
critics so rudely suggest, the pleasures of exile had not left any happy impression on their
creased brows.
Entering the closely guard cd Hotel Empress' with CID operatives, upstairs - downstairs, I could hardly resist the temptation to refer to the 'bombs' that signalled a premature welcome to the returning exiles. "A few bombs matter little who I hundreds are being killed overy week . . ." said TULF Le3, dear A. A, mirtha I inga, m. The following are excerpts from an exclusive interview. (Part of the discussion was of the record).
Q: How did the fir 5 t round Of talks go! (The TULF was scheduled to Teet the President that evening, July 14, for a second
session).
A: Considering the preliminary rn turc of tho t3 Ilk5, We foLInd
IL vory useful, a very frank di S
tussion. W did rais e Some of the more important issues til had to be tak en LJ P. BLI L of
course some very thorny problems need to be sorted out still.
Q: What were those important issues
A: First thc unit of devolution,
Q: What was your negotiating position?
A: We want the en LIre Tarn || area as a single unit.
Q: Mca ning a region?
A: Well, you c you like as long together the Tam i of the North an
G: That would speaking Muslims
A: Cur position
clearly in our Muslims, south of the absolut. E ir
their c',', 'i futur :
2: What te did you raise?
A: The structul and the extent of
G: Would that policy and to law
А: Certaiпly t critical problems also the legal mac | tםח 15 E| . חםiם say 'A' or 'B' i. i5 de Clyd.
Gl: Could you E What precisely i
A: Th· Es le hag it d-WolutiQ1.
Q: And Or the for instance . . . .
A. We Way || || tak
eyen ing.
Gl: Once you
talks with the you feel that sa b2 e 11 milia de wha
TULF's Ilext St
A: We would with the other p |ike to IThake e'w gE our point of wie
hopeful to per understad artid position. . .

:alks with
outside. . .
Tamil linguistic
סבך ציי ם brings |-speaking people
East.
Iam ca || ||
고 5 it
inclLId= TaTi– i, wouldn't it
on that is stated FW afts. Bat Li Colca, haye ight to decide
important issue
Te of de wolution devolution.
refer to rid " and Order!
Hose are two But ther is hiriety of die w olu
Enough to merely 5 a 'subject' that
2xplain that... ? s your objective?
o be caffectiwgal
specifics, land
.e. that up this
complete your government, and The progress has t Will be the ер!
ke to Hold talks arties... we would ry effort to State i'w to them 1 and 5ua de ther to
apop rociate (OLur
EXCLUSIWE
Q: Most of the parties ha Ye already issued statements. . . how did you react?
A: The Left parties have taken a positive approach. It is most unfortunate that the SLFP, the major opposition party, has taken a different stand.
G: Will you the SLFP
A; We ha ye mc.
be talking to
Mrs. Bardara
nalke al most on CWery occasion that was available to us. Yes, we will request a meeting.
Q: The militant groups hawe had a hartal in Jaffna Are they totally opposed to your party's thinking?
A: No, their view, that is the five groups hawe told Luis they
neither oppose nor support our
decision to hold direct talks with the government. Theirs is an attitude of neutrality.
G): The TULF ha5 had talk 5
with these militant groups in Madras; you hawe discussed this Problem with MGR, and so have they. Isn't it your declared view that these groups in ust be a 5sociated with any settlement that may be reached
A. That's correct, and that's where, in our opinion, India can play a crucial role. In fact the leaders of the militant organisations werg in Delhi Over the weekend.
Q: including Prabhakaran of the LTTE?
A: || believo Sco. In any case, India's good offices will have to Ba used in that com CCX : ... I meam if real progress i 5 måde, ånd there's a solution emerging. May be India can help in arranging that round of talks outside Sri Lanka.

Page 7
PAKSTAN
NWOLVEMENT
Q: In statements published in the press in India and here, the TULF has indicated that it Will take up matters outside the scope of the proposals...such as the end to violence, PTA detanees, 6th Amendment. Is this
OFTEt
A: The 6th Amendment, not really... its not that important. . . other parties I know are interestied in its withdrawal... that's because it concerns democracy, the whole democratic process... our principal concern is devolution of power to the periphery.
Q: But you hawe spoken about the de-escalation of violence, the killings etc.
A: That's true and We Want to take up those issues separately. . . We don't Want to confuse issu 25. . . in fact, We hawe told the Presidem L that Wei Would like to di 5 CU55 them in a separa te discussion, and he has agreed.
Q: What specific matters have you in mind?
A: First, the killings of innocent civilians, by the forces and especially by these special units like STF Home Guards, etc.
Q: Surely there are killings of Sinhalese and Musim civilians too. . .
A: Precisely the reason why the circle of violence involving civil lian 5 must be broken.
Q: Why did you single out these special units"?
A: They are notoriously brutal and indiscriminate in their killings and the use of force, of powerful Weaponry... and they have been evidently given special training by hired hands from abroad. We have Collected a great deal of evidence about the activities of the ex-SAS 器 the MOSSAD or Israel stuctors, and of course the
Pakistanis... Wear that these units trained by the F
Tost bruta . . . || 5 ау.
O: Is that the
why you are cc the in Wolvement elements. ...?
A: No, the Te long-term questik being caught up and conspiracies cles.... as you kno Gandhi has op Par||1 TEL HELL |5rägi in WoWEm to India and to and stability.... ' is more than thi Ficted on the T these agencies, directly... we, i cilic Witir |lity. . . but Sri suffer from the this brutalisation a huge stumbling thinking of retur normalcy and a
|ife, But there long-term probl peace and stał La rika's Telation which i5, 5 o cru: process and wh Wards. The Paki:
lection5 | hawe com and those conne rous to both the first instance, ar. ese tod. So T SLFP included, parties are Wehe to these connect from party stat read.
Q: The PTA
A: First the wil be lowered ta process a chaпсе must be repeal like it must be in some ng W ay Iпcorporatiпg th W55 of it
Q: Any other
A: Yes, the re. thou5aid5 detair and....

a now convinced
and personnel Pakistan is are the barbarie Would
з - опly reason incarned about of these foreign
is the bigger, of Sri Likil in the policies of these agenW. Prime Minister enly stated in the Pakistani and էր L is a till rբբit regional peace ve agree. So It c brutality inamil people by directly and inTails are the 15 of Li5 brutaLänka to W|| || COr52 Ler C25 of and it cal be block if we are пing to peace, decent way of
is also the em of regional Jillity, and Sri is with India, ial to the peасе it is gift5tani-Israeli conplicated matters, tions are dange2: Tamils, in the
id to the Sinha
any parties, the ind a the Left mently opposed ions 5 We kW e Tent:5 We hāWe
ole lewe | mu5t give the peасе ... then the PTA ed and nothing introduced again w, or by way of e terri ble Proany other law...
issue
ease of all those med Lunder PTA
Q: Thousands. . . .
A: lm Boo 5 alon the te must be 2,000... may be more... youths who hawe been rounded up in the North and East... particularly wiciou 5 in the East... Ba EE || Coloa, Trinco... by the STF. hundreds and hundreds who have been tortured... this must stop.
Q: All in all, do you think the si Euation is more promising than Thimpu...?
A: Well, before Thimpu there was much Optimism, great expecLLLLLL LHHHH S HHHLH LSS S LLLLL K S KLK S H HHLLL K S LLL S tious... We are neither optimistic nor Pessinistic... It is up to the government mainly... if there is a sincere desire for peace, there will be progress...
- M. de S.
Danger of . . .
(Continued from page 3)
is MGR; and he himself something of a fik SFC i Tårislau.
BLE DICIH ca dea | eyel With him quite easily if it makes up its mind to use its military muscle.
Delhi can and has dealt with the TULF which is why the exiles hawe returned. The “boys" too were in Delhi last Weekend for talks with Mr. G. Parathasarthy, Mr. Wenkata 5. Wara and others.
The key link in the chain HOWeyer 5 MGR Or more accurately Tamilnadu political opinion. Especially at a time of such turbulence in Indian politics, and ominous eruptions of sectarian violence in Punjab and Gujarat, Mr. Gandhi must act cautiously. His Chief aide Mr. Chidambara ITh has handled the Tamil issue extremely well, and he is already on the up-and-up. If the peace process is to get underway Seriously, Tamilnadu with its 50 million people must be appeased at any cost.

Page 8
Church and State
Ethnic conflict:
a tes
Sangha's real power, to Church unity
ho dramatic decline and fall of the Maha Sangha-SLFP su P ported National Front was
being discussed when a top-ranking UNP'er was asked for his views on the political power of the Maha Sangha, His reply really added up to Stalin's cantemptuous query about the Pope: "How many divisions has he got?'.
Was the answer too easily (and too dangerously) dismissive 2
The way in which President JR deftly deflected the attempt of the Maha Sangha to initiate a 'National Security Council' with Maha Nayake presiding over a high-powered committee that included the leaders of the UNP and SLFP, appeared to indicate that the basic judgment was correct. Detecting an at tempt to blur the clearly drawn distinction between 醬 and State President JR re-stated first principles: (a) the constitution gawe Buddhism a position of pre-eminence (b) it was his constitutional duty to protect the religion and the
Sangha and consult the Maha Sangha on all matters relating to these. (c) It was right for
him to seek the advice of the Maha Sangha on social and political issues since 70% of the Sri Lankan population was Buddhist but (d) as President and more so as a Buddhist he could hardly discuss military matters - killing or bombing - with the Sangha.
State patronage of the clergymost temples receive government grants, ad hoc assistance and state recognition - has weakened the autonomous power of the Buddhist
clergy.
In any case structure of th institutional au be compared t Catholic count clergy in those :t חסוח is - וןla r 5| religion, and v A TO CO SE "Wat i Y says becomes even in those ciotics where "L has become po Cardinal preach im Manila om S be repeated from every chu Poland or in a the Marcos di can hardly said Mahanayake.
Beside 5, Budi | indiwidualistic. yourself. The are What Tatti
More influe Tham Power
Does that m na political pa right word wo It has, and Te tory has prove example.
But that if likely to be fe |lation to a hig an issue. Again chat on the y became the rall; ""5 || Cm L te woluti the subject als: electoral power fluence spells its the Sangha is , guard or spoke ing movement

: of
a challenge
the organised e Sangha and its thority can hardly the Church in c5 or the Islamic countries wherë Gr le 55 à Statë here the regimes ... What the Pope the officia | Lime, Third World soberation. Theology' pular. What the 25 in Warsa YY Ort unday is likely to the Sunday after TH in com Turi iS . Philippines under ctatorship. This of a sermon by
his itself is so
Ba a lamp unto Mastor's teachings
S.
Ce
ean the Sangha has
'wer 3 E. 31 || ? THe uld be "influence". cent political hisd this. I956 for
1f Loog |5 ToSL
It strongly in reLori moment OT
95 dostats ay "Sinhala Only''' ving Cry of SWRD's on'. Students of mote that this - or political irefforcefully when not only advance sman of an emergbut when it is in
alliance with an organised Palt cal force such as "a Front" (MEP) or party (SLFP).
Today, when language, race religion, national unity, territorial integrity and sovereignty are ALL Issues in an all-encompassing Sri Lankan crisis, one notes that the SLFP ha 5 not cho 5 cm a formal aliance - the National Front is scarcely mentioned in the press - but works in close consultation with the Maha Sangha. Mrs. Bandaranalike Went to Kandy for a meeting with the Mahama yake of Asgiriya after talks with the President had been arranged.
Obviously the SLFP's strategy is based on the calculation that the 'silent majority' (i.e. SinhalaBuddhist) is opposed to the government's new proposals and that this is also true of a majority of the monks. Convinced of this the SLFP hopes to use the clergy, ar Irlstrument of consider ble influence, to help the SLFP mobilise this mass opinion against the government and in favour of its sole demand: general elections.
But does the SLFP which has not been modernised (or "dynamatised' as Comrade-Ambassador Tissa Wijeyeratne Inay have said) like the UNP by the JR-Prema twosome after the death of the essantially feudalist Dudley, ha Ye the capacity for mass mobilisation without the support of its old partner, the Left and the unions ?
As thic issuo moves front PPC to Parliament (according to the
UNP's time-table by AugustSeptember) that question will Sack am 5, Wer 5.
. ل. --

Page 9
Church - the f
A: Nicholas Marcus Fer"- mando's un acknowledged but monetheless direct Teply to Bishop Deugopi ai 's St. Patrick's Prize day speech a fortnight earlier was certainly no part of the 'liberation theology" debate which has swept the Catholic countries of the Third World, placing serious strains on the relations between the Waticar and the Church in a
politically turbulent, violenceprone Third world Yet, "liberation" is a term that has been
thrust into our everyday political vocabulary by the Tamil resistance. And It is this ra 5 istance which is it the heart of the island's racial strife and political conflict,
Here in Sri Lanka the ethnic Issue has III troduced Strain5 i 1 to the heir archy of a supposed monolithic Church. That ို was abundantly clear from Archbishop Fernando's Ave Maria Conwent Negombo speech - also at a prize-giving - which had explicit references to the Bishop's prowocative statement in Jaffna. The fact that thre WW15, 10 Tha T ing of names docs mot detract from the enormous significance of the toughly worded answer by the R. Rgyd. Nicha las Marcus Fermando who is after || the hCad of the Catholic Church. Ewen at the highest levels of the Catholic heir archy religious allegiance was at war (a losing battle?) with racial loyalties and the enlightened self-inter est of its Institution in Cordial relations with the State,
The Catholic Church has always wielded far greater influence on social-political affairs in this Budd his land than the numerical strength of its lay support would warrant, although this influence ha; diminish cd somewhat for Til the mid-50's. (Sco Box) Of the about 1.3 milion Christians in Sri Lanka El over a millon arte Catholic5. Especially in pre-independence times, the Church, largely through its entrenched position in the educational system, was very
B
4. Ra?rraio
arragirg ( Jarewarderie er Sifrir77, '') 25 Jurie fall περιεί τις 1 μί.
ssic!,
sic ir 14'üzik
shough
Berika río Prike
Fire is is
much a part of ture, with indi Peter Pillai, Reci playing aп ope! in the decision In parlianIncenta Church was a wi tiwe art Tin of more intensely a LNF.
But it was r took on the pow or. It was the r movement led polemicists like tamanda, significa of Dharmaraja C then of Amanda
Tier Buddhis tution. Thc Left an impact on loping Buddhisttation did so Buddā Jātikā and not from c. or Leftist plat léקוחtable exaסח Mr. Philip Gun son, Dinesh, rė toric compromis ther, now in c. PTA, represent

irst fissures
ISHOPS MISSION
T Catholic Eishap
FF7Fe frig er l'aer Sri arrai līs citief political ri'aal, forrrer Prire ni Tirt isThe T1+') vere due fr) rtreet ort
served as dari ir ferre diary ir
Lari korri Presideri! Ju ritis
Bardaran aike. plying a conference of recognised political parties aLLaL LLLLLaCLL LLLL LLL LLLLHHLL S rCrLLL LLLL LLLLCLS
Bardara rr rike" s Sri Larka Freedorp Party (SLFP) not attered the conference itself. The Jayewardere.
Ieeting is considered most irripart aris, as observers
Εη επίία.
the power strucividuals like Fr. or of St. Josephs, nly activist role
making process, ry politics, the gorously supporthe UN P, even Inti-Left than the
at the Left that trful Church headesurgent Buddhist by educationistMr. L. H. MetIntly the principal ollege Kandy and College, the pre:ducational instileaders who made his rapidly deveCatholic confronAs a di Q5 of the Balavegaya (BJB) stinctly Marxist orms. The most was of courso Warden, whose rešiem CS cha "hi5", whilico his brostody under the the first phase
--Fri:AstCTII ECOLICI Illic: Revie'1'''
of the ideological development of 'the Father of the Revolution".
Two Blows
While the BJB, joined by established political forces, chiefly the SLFP, bombarded the Vatican's local headquarters, this "softening-up' of clerical power reached its climax when the Church received two deadly blows, one turning out to be a self inflicted wound. The first was the Schools takeover, and the other, in quick succession, the abortive army coup where the overwhelming ჭუჭority of plotters were Catho
ics.
An adept user of the tactic of kissing the hand that cannot be chopped off, the Church intelligently accommodated itself to political reality and accepted its lowlier standing vis-a-vis the government and the State. It was during Mrs. Bandaranaike's tenure of office that the Pope made his first visit to a predominantly Buddhist country to receive a splendid reception.
(Continued on page 23)

Page 10
With the three chances of Lottery holds out your brighte Which Can be ower a Tilliam ru
Development Lottery proc President's Fund to promotet of your country.
Mahapola Scholarships, Pr graduate studies abroad, tube, granting of r clief to victims of a Ctiwities financed by thg Dewe Presidert's Furtd.
So when you next spend F Lottery ticket, remember that the prospect of your own fort. ргоате 55.
巫型 ENF YOL
YOur C.
 
 
 

謎
Jewelopment Lottery - the lo T tery with the Midas touch, the pot of gold at the end of the
ridif]]]W 10 tong Of Th{LSall (ds Of Lrdinary people - has bei coTea Household word in Sri Lanka.
wirining that rt offers, Development St Char Ce Of a por5oma' fortune Iլ: Ըէ, 距
teeds are charing|ed through tha le development and prosperity
esident's Scholarships for postWells to provide drinking water and natural disasters are sorte of the lopment Lottery through the
is, 10. to buy a Development you hold-in y Cour hand not just rebut the key to your Country's
r 3-way chance to a fortuna -- .f progressם i38חחטחuntry's pט:

Page 11
Mrs. B writes to the President
SLFP cannot a government pr
he Sri Lanka Freedom Party
wishes to thank you for meeting a delegation led by me on the 25th June, at the Janadhipathi Mandiraya in this connection.
It was seen from the invitations to the Political Parties to the Conference, that the purpose of of your meeting with other Political Parties was to hand over and explain the propos als to them and at the Press Conference you held the next day, the 26th of June, the DALYNEWS of 27th June, 1986, reported that you had said:
(1) "As long as my Parliamentary group Supports Us, we WIII go ahead with the proposals.
(ii) The participants. In the Conference now being held will have no role to play in whether the proposals should be accepted or not".
We hawe taken due notice of these matters; but felt it necessary to respond to them with care, in wiew of the far-reaching implications the proposals will have om the future of this country. That is why we desired a little more time to study them carefully; and also inquired from you, whether there is any further material relevant to these proposals. Of course, we were di 5turbed to hear that these Proposals of the Sri Lanka GovernTent as intimated to India were different from what was presented to the Politica || Particis Herte. We Have girl Ce See titled "Proposals sent to the Government of India by the Government of Sri Lanka bā5Cd om dEscLussions with the Indian delegation led by Honourable Mr. P. Chidambaram, Minister of State"" Which Conta Iris mõttes Of conclusion on Provincial Councils which is dated 4th May, 1986." In your letter dated 3rd July, 1986, you stated to me that "the document of proposals handed over
the document
сап, 25th Шшпе, соп of proposals sent Government to t ter of India."
We now see original fears th po5 als sent to disclosed to Luis gation met you Jume, il re not en til
A feature We with some disila tation of the Gc sāls is that the Bandaramai ke's na rectly associated a forbeare of th thբm, No doub: strategy in the a pre-emptive Mr. Barıda rarla ike But no reference Government pr Bandaranalike has on hls dc Lud wig in the Legislatur of the which he founder. We fir gh more and the S. sions are also authorities in Government Pro sidering the actu: tance and content or Regional Cou by Mr. Bandar: Commissions, the not be applicab federal union of סrק tחeוחחWerסG Sri Lanka in thi cial Councils.
In regard to M conception of Pro
Counci || 5 || Wol y0uI O
(i) The speech State Council presenting the Executiye Com
Administration i Wicial Councils;
瞿 The actual in Parliament to

gree
with
oposals
tains the totality by the Sri Lanka He Pri Tie Min 5
hat 5 orile of our at the full Pro|пdia үүeгe поt When our delleGr LHs 25th of rely unfounded.
hawe Job5e Tweed y, in the Presen3 Werri men EP TO PIOat Mr. S.W.R.D. Tie is being in CorWith them as e thinking behind t, we follow the effort to make point vis-a-vis and the SLFP. madeg in the oposals to Mr. any walid 蠶 WS as expresse og of in L'He SLFP was the revered that the DoTOUbulbury Commisment Iord as support of the posas, But conoutlook, sub5of the Pro Wicial ncils as conceived anaike or these references would e to justify the line states the posals create for e guise of Provin
r. Bandaranaikes's vinicial or Regional ld kindly refer
1 ha mada in the in | Oth July, 1940,
report of the mittee om Local in regard to Pro
reference he made
Provincial Courl
cils during the Budget Debate in December 1947; paragraph 24 of the Government Pro Posals gives only the reference. But the gist of what Mr. Bandaranaik said on that occasion, quite in keeping with his speech in 1940 as at (i) above is:
"" | Propose to establish these Prowincja || Councils With a wiew to co-ordinating, superWising and controlling the work of, local boles in the District or ProWince comcarned...''
(iii) The Contents of the Draft
Regional Councils Bill of 1957, which was gazetted on 7th May, 1957, dealing with the constitution, WET standing committees, inיםק particular, of the Regional Councils envisaged. This Bill was well within the policy in the speeches of 1940 and 1947 mentioned above
(iv) The full text of the late Prime Minister's statement relating to Regional Councils. In that oftmis represented document, the Bandaranal ke-ChelWanayakam Pact, reported in the Ceylon Daily News of 3.08.1947. The Pact was intended only to make certain adjustments in the Draft Regional Council Bill of 1957 mentioned here, and within its policy, to accommodate some of the wishes of the minorities. The Bandarana ike-Chelwanayakam Pact was not creating Indian type States in Sri Lanka as proposed now. Moreover, one has to consider the context in which this Pact was proposed. The situation then in the country was totally different from the situation today. I may also add there is enough contemporary material available to show the true reasons for the UNP Opposition to the Pact. I do not think they can be regarded as too complimentary to the UNP.
The reference in the Soulbury Corrission Report Was "that a proposal has been put forward in Ceylon for an extension of local government activities by the
9

Page 12
establishment of Provincial CourCils" (Para 84); and what the Donough more Commission Report actually said about the Federal form of Government by the Kandyan Chiefs. Association (Wide Para 23 of the Government proposals at Pages 23/24) was at Page: 10é:
"The time has long since passed whcn an ex Peti Tnent of granting to each of the three largest communicios a separate government for the arca principally cccupied by them could have been attempted without the certainty of inflicting hardship on one or all of them."
| НауЕ to 5 Latg thСТЕfGTC, that the historical justification sought for the Government Propos als in para 5 20 to 2 W is not quite correct.
|n regard to the Proposa 15 thern 5e wes as placed before the Political Parties Conference, it would appear that the SLFP is now really expected to go along with the Proposals; although they in fact hawg Eo en forrinu la ted:
(a) during a Period of deep Un Certainty and Warakness on the part of Government, displaying clear helplessness in dealing with the problems of terrorism and in transigence
(b) at a time When the la W and order situation in the North and East hawe completely broken down and the Government has shown its utter inability to conair terrorism which has, in fact, even cxtended its operations outsidg? th:25e 2 TE5E5;
(c) without haying ascertained the views of the Tamil population of this country;
(d) without having duly obtained the wiews of the Simha es: and Muslim people in the country, who in addition, now, are subjected to a highly partisan campaign by the riass India;
(g) at a time also when Government cannot be said to be honestly representative of public opinion:
(f) without a guarantec, in any event, that ewen if these pro PQ5 als are in fact implemented, there Would be a ed to civi di Sobodianca and terraris ril or that The conditions of implementation given in Pages 28 to 29 of the Appen
O
dices to the Goy will be comple
In this light SLFP |5 nL 5er: tion to agree ment proposals, be appreciated til to dJ With ywh; the long-standir the two major of the Sinhala Sard 20th Feb Column 65). I of the Proposal in the rational future well-beir
Thc SLFP wic T1:n II Proposals mot Purcely by th | hawa montione EE 15 largely fr defects in the Pro for, in o Lr a effect the propc
(A) To create of Gower lent establishing a fg }dחL uחeוITחGwer$ mart for a Provincia | Curci posed Scheme has tus of governm Ywith in the Indi a Gita y enc, a { Board of Minist la Lure,
These Provici kind of Local A please see in th definition of "Lo Artic|| 2 || 70 af also, so Tie of
tristics of L. institutions give Sessional Paper Report of the P Ti55ion preside Wictor Tammelkoo Justice, on Devel: It should also to say that any taken by these Subordinate legis Article 76(3) of because, not on Wificial Councils Sir Tilar to the SI: Աnion, they se c extraordinarily, lative powers 1 States (wide F Government Prs

’ernment Proposals !d with.
ther fore, if the in to be in a posiWith the Gowerwe hope it will at this has nothing at you hawe called 1g opposition of political parties people" (vide Han"uary, 1986, at o l'are critica s, we do so only into rest and the g of our people.
W5 on the Gowera re Coi Liood e negative aspects 2d, Our appraisal o T. Certain wital posals themselves: nalysis, what in
sals do are:
a new system in the country, de T | Structurc: cf 2r a Constitution initary State. A |, e under the Prothe same appara
is 5. as Union, with
hief Ministr, 2rs and a Legis
ls are not any %, Lutheri tie 5 ; ad is Connection the cal Authority" in he Constitution : th : mäi 'l chara::::: | Government ni at Page 29 af
W of 1980, (the "I" (Sir till Cod over by Mr.
1, første Chigf opment Councils). lot be possible legislation underCouncils is only lation covered by the Constitiam, y do these Procxercise powers 1:5 in tha | diam η τα hανε, η μίτε ew en more legis
thain the Isidias. ara W of the pos als at Page
+). As we understand it, the Pra yirmicia | Councils ay :
(i) the powers in Annex I to the Proposals (i.e., along with all tha: Tatter 5 stated in Pa Per | do WI appended thcreto, dealing with Law and Order, Larid Settlement, Agricultura, Industry, Education, and Culture). Annex I also indiCatas that more powers will be acddccf. || E. į5 : 3 tcd Lh3, the | isL is mot cxhau 5 tiwa.
(ii) the powers in List || (the
''State List') of the Seventh Schedule of the li dia II (15 titlution, i. e., the exclusive power
of Legislation on some 66 items State di tiere ir as wested in thi : Indian States under Section 246 of the ridian Constitution:
(iii) the Powers in List || (the 'concurrent list") of the Seventh Schgdu | e in the Indiam Constitution. Here, there are some 47 items over which the power of legislation wested in the Indian Parliament can be concurrently exercised by the Indian States, too, subject to certai tęsė rwaLions. But in the Government Proposals (Para || 7) shows that a II these concurrent powers are to be wested exclusively in the Provincia Counci 5.
We have observed that ther is some unclear overlapping between these List II, List III powers and the powers stated in Annex I. We also see that Annex I of the Government Propos als which states the areas reserved for the Ceneral Government compared less favourably with List I (the "Union List") of the Seventh Schedule to the Isildi an Cong titution with go Tie 97 items exclusively reserved for
the Unido Primet, which Čå Fl also dea | with al the 47 i tem5 in List II, if it so desires, it
should therefosse, mot be im cortrécit to say that the Provincial Councils proposed for Sri Lanka has already been conceded more powers than a State in India. What further powers will be added to them in the process of bargaining, as already foreshadowed in Annnex I, We do not know; and it may be that a further har y est of Powers for the Provincial Councils is expected in the course of time,

Page 13
depending on the balance of power between the Central Government and the Provinces or some stronger Provinces being tilted against the centre. There may well be also an unending struggle for the greator accumulation of power by one or more of the Provinces; and We may then be re-enacting the the Indian drama of a Centrifugal Struggle of States ranged against the Central Government. Already thcro are persons who advocate that the units of devolution must be larger areas.
(B) To aliena te the Legislative power of Parliament, partly though it may be, and west in it in nine State 5 ca || Provincia || Court tills: in name only with a view to circumventing the Constitution, and possible, to add som c other dimension by linking Mr. S.W.R.D. Bandaranaik: to the cxcrci 52 E - cause he too had spoken about Provincial councils, although his Provincial Councils had a different Content froI11 Ethic Go Wernment Proposals. In regard to the Proposed Provincial Councils, we note that the proposals sent to the Government of India plainly state: "a bi || passed by the Provincial
Council shall be core law or certification by the Chairman of the Council.' This is Legislative
power, pure and simple.
(C) To alienate, though partly, the executive power of the State wested in the President, to Pro w ilcial Governors and Chief Ministers, Pro y licial and District Services and Pro Wicial officials, working under the direction and control of Provincia (Goyernments.
(D) To appear to undermine the Judicial power of the people exercised by Parliament through established institutions functioning at present. We observe that not withstanding item 1.7 in Annex Il of the Proposals, List || of the Seventh Schode of the Indian Constitution menored in Para | 7 of the Prodosa. 15 ha 5 this iterin:
'Administrati or of Justice, Congtitution ond Organisation of all Courts except the Supreme Court and the High Court..............'
It would appear this is also a PYY er to be delegated to a
FTC'ficia CCLIC think also of it: ment known 5 Ai says: "Provision constituting Hig Region. The Sup Lanka wi || ex er Constitutional ju
(E) To abate ower public final ment hag Lunder
Thus, we thin Propo5 als involw on the Sower cig and such changc: that Sovereignty the very foundat tuti CT YW CLI lid ; grave danger.
Furtheriore, many provisions ment Proposals , Lamd Lus: and | in particular, a E tial areas of . discort in imple WyÇuld be sa Lur suspicion and permanent cold Cei tra GCW grni TC") of LHet Pitt. can well ens J2 the Northern I ces the position complicated bef ding to dispute! instal T Cc: to:
(i) the natur tity of fire-arm: and other equip wish to possess
Page 2 of the
(ii) offences in the Attorneylaunch an in West Prowie Yith t the C.I.D. or 12 tioma divisio (Para 2.4 (b) at proposals); and tot of Pub || Pl prosecute in P (Para 2.5 at Proposals);
(iii) President tore Public orde with the help Division of the Armed Forces ( Page 13);
(iv) President declare a State

is and here We a T of the da Cexture 'C' which Wy i | | bge Fmde fr Court in each reme Court in Sri :ise Appella te and Irisdiction."
"'ch a fu || Catro
co'" that Parliathe Constitution.
k Ith (Go Y : Timment 2 such an impact nity of the people in the narror is xercised that ion of the Cotiappear to be in
wye see that liri the Gwerribri Law a Fil Corder, Land Settlement, Qund with Potenli sagreemer L arid : mentation. They ÇE:s of com stant fritici; artid å war H2LW 2 er Ehe: ment and some or Dwi'ncia | Councils, |ı alır :23, 5 like? "d East grI ProvinI might get too are too long, lea; in regard, for
2, type and quam
E and a mmuri tion
ment which they (vide Para 8 at Proposals)
relation to which Geral 5F1c3Lu |d ligation with in a he assistance of other unit of the
of the Polic Page 3 of the When the Dirige
rosecutions has to 'ra y incia ofences page 4 of the
:Fall wis He5 to res2: " i rh ga Pto'Wit
of the National : Police of the Para || || .2 (ii) at
|al decisions to of Emergency in
3 Pro’yince 31d the reunder (Para 2 (i) at page F3); or to restore public order in a Prowince (Para || || .2 (ii) at Page 13);
powers
(v) Prevention, detection and investigation of offences within a Prowince By the National Di wision of the Police when they have the Power to do So (Para | 2.1 at Page 13);
(vi) Enforcement of National policies in land use, and ethnic proportions in land settlement, including settlements under the Mahawe || Project;
(vii). Observance of the rights of different groups in irrigation scheries, particularly in major and interprovincial projects;
(viii) The acceptance and im Plementation of national policies and
criteria on Agriculture, industry Education.
Th. Provincial Council, bcing
themselves wery powerful, disputes in these areas can always swc || Lup to cambit tcriments which can lead to internal disturbance5.
Which in turm Wil || Inc. grad Presidential intervention that might not bo welcome too long; and
we would be back to square one. Really the provisions in regard to Law and C) ride wil | break down in practice and will totally destabilise the Police Service making Law enforcement authority ineffective, and power less.
We also feel that the Gowenment Pro Po5ais, if implemented even as they are, without the additional powers that may further
accure, as envisaged to the Provincial Councils;
(a) Will further exacerbate sectarian, group and communal
feelings at the expense of national peace, social harmony and econdmic development. Para lá (page 3) of the Government Proposals only foreshadow the suspicions and divisions that can be expected:
(b) Will burden the country with nine virtually independent administrations and a whole ot of mighty officials, with big and sial bureang rats at cross-purposes

Page 14
in National and Provincial Servicos, all too complex and heavy for the country to bear in terms
of its needs, resources, social
organization and economic capa
city, and manpower;
(c) Can Permanently impair
democratic life in the country and make its independence incarningless; because to sustain the whole system a hard-herded dietatorship will become an incwitable necessity; it wi|| || be so fu || of Provincial, inter-provincial and province – Center quarrels. Af additional rosult can be, that, Government will need one or more powerful foreign governments to support it with aid in money and/or arms to sustain itself in the face of the serious national confusion that is endemic in the system when applied to Sri Lankarl Condition 5.
Then, what happens if a Governor is appointed to a Pro
subscription RATES
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wince from a Community to ment in the F The same dang in the appoint. ter5. In the witness an exp di 550|ydd Prowi Presidentia | ru natural growth over-politicisat and governmen in the country appear to be nec
Another aspe dered is this: fore the G. behaviour of the Norther an instead of deal | em, we do | whole of this carved up in these Provincia te5imal size min pared to the We think that Government i ur Series for | areas where i: of non-allegiant
ing UP.
Tհ ը Indian S| in size, populat many of them is than Sri Lanka. our country square miles; into these nine wincial Councils tiny area comp Counterparts. can afford their cture; they prc to, But i 1 SI apparatus of gc to be imposed ment. Proposals a burden which to make this ni ted, and com and social life. in thc San 5oni { (S. P. VII of 19 rural tension climatic for the nomic developm try." These F carn mot do that
Looked åt in question aris e5

ifferent Party or that which is doinirow incial Council of C51 Iris 2 : WT1 art of Chief Minis
and, we might insive farce of many cial Councils, and throin. In the of tha process of on of rational life that is rampant today, this would essary consequence,
ct to be consithe problem beWernment is the Some persons in Eastern Provinces. ing with that problot see why the country has to be this manner into | States of infinid populations comStates in India. by this device s only fostering new problems in 5 now no question ze or Social crack
:ates are very big .ion and resources, :veral times bigger The who of has only 25,000 divide that also States called Procach become5 a red to the Indian The Indian States Gow corn Terit StrLJbably need them | Lanka the whole wernment that is by the Governwill be too heavy will only help tion further indedlicate its political The prescription om mission Report )) to calm com5 to "provide the rapid socio-ecoent of our Conow incia Councils
another way, thc what can be the
rationale behind this effort to federalise a unitary government? And here I would like to quote the note added to your address to Parliament on 20th February, |986, at Columm && of the Hansard of that datc. It says in regard to the TULF proposals:
""There is no precedent anywhere in the World of a State which had a unitary form of
government for an unbroken period of nearly two centuries of its history being car ved up into separa te states to form a federation, supposedly in the interests of achieving greater national unity. . . What is now sought to be set in motion is the reverse process of a single state breaking up in to separate units and the fragmentation of an existing undivided sovereignity.'
Fragmentation is what we will get in effect when further institutional devices are erected as enwisaged in Para 16 of the Government Proposals; and we are surprised that within six months of such a clear statement of principle, the Government has brought in the present proposals which, as already examined, can only mean the division of Sri Lanka in to se parate states, with many of them in constant dissonance. We realise that many factors could have been responsible for this manifest change of
outlook in government thinking; but we do not with to guess. A that we would like to em
phasisc is that the practical effect of the creation of the proposed Provincial Councils would only be to split up a small Island into politically harmful, economically un Tanageabla, socially and culturally disruptive units which can bring no credit to us as a nation. In fact it may not be an overStatement to suggest the Government Proposals will almost inexorably underwrite our final disintegration as a nation - with the result that very little may be left for its own people, be they Sinhalcise, Muslims or Tamils, themselves, whilst the Indian Community led by the C. W. C., and Mr. Thondaman will ultimately garner the richest crop,

Page 15
I would now advert to of the new propo5 als in the documents submitted to India which have been made available to us on the || 0th Lly, 1986, "In the Northern and Eastern Provinces the Provincial Councils Shal de em to be constituted immediately after tha Constitutional amendments come into force, Election 5 to the Said Pro Wicial || Councils shall be hold immediately thereafter on the basis of proportional resproscntation.' In regard to cother Provincial Councils the existing District Councils in a Province may opt any time to constitute a Provincial Council. This device would deliberately de prive the people in these Provinces of their right to elect their Provincial Councils. Further, this is a de wice to perpatuate the present UNP control and ru || c. in these Provinces.
In the Proposals submitted to
היווחים.$
Indii, We 150
lottent of a Wë en the North Prowices, the E principle of nat for the selectil been Wirtually c the Amri2x Ure : cration of new Maha we IF Projec posals submitte 1986, to the P note that the ment con the ethnic ratio of be 75,504 a 1 |ot that in the Pri to India, there all about the Sinha esig under Project.
|r wiew of t the proposed s. on the countr לי || .EוחסC סL you seek a m
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cwor, at meetings of both the Executive Committee and the Contral Committac: cf the Farty held of the 13th and 4th of this month respectively, it was unanimously decided that the SLFP cannot agree that the Government Proposals are a Satisfactory basis for dealing with the Current problem. They also decided that the SLFP should not participate in the Political Parties Conference, which begins on the
5th of this month,
I am releasing this letter to the Press because it should be useful for the people to know what exactly our Party thinks
of the Government Proposals.
Siri Tinaw o R. D. Bandaran aika President,
Sri Lanka Freedom Party
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Page 16
MIRE calls upon all to muster popular su
for devolution
he Movement for ter Racial
Justice & Equality is glad Lhat the Government after a long delay which has seen a
worsening of the situation, has put forward proposals for the devolution of power to the provinces as a solution to the ethnic problem.
In this context, MilR. IE bgl i gyes it necessary to begin by restating two basic postulates:
(i) The major problem that faces the country is ethnic in origin. The Sri Lankan Tamil pcople, constituted on the basis of their ethnicity, language, religion, Culture and habitation haye beer led to demand the creator of a seperate state because the existing Sri Lankan state of which they are a part discriminates against them and is unable to provide them the safety and Security that a state should ensure all its citizens. Muslims
and other ethnic minoritics also face discrimination in varying degrees.
(i) The developinent of dic
mands for regional autonomy is unewer with in Sri Lanka. It is at its most intense in the regions inhabited by Sri Lankan Tamils; others regions have hardly expressed any desire for devolution.
It is against this that these proposals examined. The establish II ent of Provincial Councils throughout the country is being put forward by the Government as part of a continuing democratic process; it will also, according to the President at his press conference, Settle one of the problems faced by this Tamil people; that means
background should be
|
I ri effect that ' am 5, Wert E. || th ei Welcoming thë lution of power the proy İrı ce, f” certa in specific ethnic problem |rito considera the proposals.
For example, a H har to Cix bat. In daries and om the basis of necessarily neg: of théa Ta ITni I pE gion in which it and security, IT na 3 ffairs; 3 TE täin provincial necessary to a similar defect dowclution of p. to education. Wirts xercise
level of second: reserving uni wer: CCCLII Pations and state will hard of thor - Sri Lafu! cially when it that the denial Educational righ behind the Pres that the reject ratory system - nally constitute
group5
Il 5 hort, il de to all citizens cratic principio tute a tota | ethnic problem. MIR JE is glad t sident's declar government is : si det any rcv expand the sco within the Pres fr:1 fr1e:work ||L Ca[1sid: r"3a b|3 ge:

parties pport
t will not totally
T m = Eds. Whĩ|{\ substantial dowoto the cycl of
| |RIJE belie weg that foatures of the nood to E taken revising חו חבic
the decision to :isting Prowincia | to de wolwe Power territori | areas ates the desires =ople for a rehey can, in unity an age their inter: definition of cerboundaries will be chieve this. A relates to the ower with regard Letting the propower up to the ary education and iities, professional training to the y meet the reeds &ari Tamils, 5 peis remembered of linguistic and its largely lies erit Struggle and if the di 5 critiif education origid the militant
Wo|LI tion of power based om digmados not constianswer to the In this respect, O notë the PreCicir thiä, ha repared to con"is iom 5 that, Wii | C: cof de wolucion an orstitutional is our belief that xpansion of the
present propos als Is possible ir id indeed necessary if the Sri Lankan Tamils are genuinely to feel themselves a valued part of the Sri Lankan polity.
MIR JE is, however, not happy with the government's declaration Lhat It will Implement. Ehese proposals unilaterally, if nacessary. We beliewe that the Proposals stand the best chance of ewolwing in to ai successful solution of the ethnic problem only if the representatives of tha:
Tarmi lis irncludi ring the mi I i tants are drawn into a process of negotiation. MIRE hopes that
this will be possible with Indian : 335 tal 12.
To Cher ratter5 need to be also considered:
(i) in view of the pervasive
Climate of mistru5E between che Warious Protagonists, som c machinery that would guarantee the genuine implementation of any accords arrived at,
(ii) so Te mechanism to ensure that all ethnic groups hawe an adequate share of power at the |ewel of the statc & that fundamental and civil rights are preserved.
MIR JE therefore hopes that a || progressive political parties and clonents in Sri Lanka will assist in expanding the scope of the present proposals to the point that they amount to a reasonable solution of the ethnic problem and in mustering popular support for their implementation.
Charles Abeyselkera President MIRJE

Page 17
President's Pra
N. Sanmugathasan
he proposals made by the
President at the political Parties conference on the 25th of June is the subject matter of all political discussious in the country. We do not have to have any excuse to offer our own coments. One fundamental Weakness of these proposals is that it does not seek to identify the problem correctly.
The President states beginning that these should be examined within free Werk of
at tha proposals the
st the maintenence of the unity, 豎 and sovereignty of Sri Lanka,
* the maintenance of the Unitary character of the Sri Lankan constitution, and
* the Principles of devolution of Powers upon the ProWinicia | Counci 15 - With in the fra le Work of the Co15titution as Proposed to be amended.
Why should this be so 2 One can understand the importance of maintain ing the unity and sowereignty of Sri Lanka. But why is it equally important to maintain the unitary character of the Sri Lankan constitution. In at east three of the great powers of the World-America, Russia and India, there are federal systems of Government. In Ru55ia and India the federal units are based on ethnicity of language. Can anyon e dare to come forward and accuse that because of the lack of the Unitary character of their constitution these countries are not united or haye. Sufeted in any other way.
For a long time Pas E, the Tamils of Sri Lanka have urged that the unitary nature of Sri Lanka's constitution has been a stumbling block to the solution of the Tamil minority problem. That is why, when in 1948, the late Mr. S. J. W. Chelwanayagam
parted company СауIоп. Тапmil C realised that the Centre Wil could not Succa to advocate that have a federal sy Tert under w and Snale 5e col agreed circumst;
It was howev Chelyanayagam to think of a f Sri Lankan probili goes to the late Bandaranalik, W system in 1926, return from Ox he de Werod Student Congres іп the CeyӀоп | Saturday 8 July wed of a federal
ent of the Tai Simhalese and Sinha lese.
In the fo||owy i the Kandyan C 5 Luggested a fe Government to COri55io W Sri Lanka. Th recommanded ir a suggestion to governing areas Eh G 1ört FC Tn a Wi Ce:S the Soco wiքը and thբ էի Western provin worth while in the norther a Winces were br as one self-gove none of the 5 e saw the light o
It is import the President a leadership that cussion for gr of power has the 975 del gitate Of Eelam quent ar ned militants in su ignore this ba an digitrith hidir the sand.

oposals
with the All inference after he ower-sharing at h the Sinhalese d, he went on Sri Lanka should stem of Governhich the Tamils ld co-exist under tCBS.
er not S. J. W. who was the first ederal solution to ims. That honour Mr. S. W. R. D. to advocated this soon after his ford in a speech п July 14 to a 5 and as reported Morning leader of 1975. He conceisystem of Governmils, the Kandyan the low-country
ng year in 1927 hiefs A55ociation deral form of the Donough more ich wa5 than in e Commissioners examination of hawe three self viz first being nd eastern prond Kandyan Proird Southern and cas. But it is oting that both nd eastern proacketed together
frning unit. But proposals ever
f day.
ant to reamind
ind the Sinhala
the present disTeater da Wolution
Stermmed from d for a separate
and the consestruggle by the port of it. To Sic fact is like ng its head in
One does not easily forget that at the first All-parties con ference in 1984, the Government trumpeted through it's Primeminister that it would give nothing more than District Development Councils to the Tamils. If today the President has proposed Provincia | Counci|| as the unit of devolution, the credit must go to the struggle conducted by the Tamil militants against heavy odds.
What is equally important to realise is that although it was only the Tamils who agitated for greater devolution of power, the provincial councils have been Promised to all provinces, even to those Who nover asked for it.
But, the granting of provincal Council 5 is not a solution to the Tamil problem. The demand of the Tamils was for Eclam, As a result of the pressure from India and Other moderata alements, a section of the Tamil leadership agreed to consider the possibility of a viable alternative. That was What all the discussions were about but at no stage did the Sinhala Government unbend sufficiently to go anywhere near the Tamil's desire for greater autonomy. The present proposals are nothing different.
If the Tamils are to give up demand for Eelam, there has to be a viable alternative. Such an alternative can only either be a federal systern of Government within a United Sri Lanka or genuine regional autonomy for a Tamil Linquistic Region which shall consist of the northern and eastern provinces. Of course, it needs hardly to be said that such a Regional Council shall have full power over education, economy and Industry, Law and Order (police) irrigation and Land and Land Settlement Culture etc., while such subjects as defence, finance, foreign affairs etc., Will be reserved exclusive for the Centre.
(Continued on page 7)

Page 18
From THE CEYLON MORNING LEADER, Satur "Federation as the o political problems'
S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike
UE the auspices of the Students' Congress Mr. S. W. R. D. Banda ramaike, B. A. (Oxon), Barristero-2, [.- law, deli wered a Wery interesting lecture on "Federation ds the only Sol Lltior) to o Lur Political
Frgers'. Dr. Isaac Tha mbyah presided,
Mr. Bandıralai ke said that it was necess ay in the first place
to realise the irportance of the pres ent time. A revision of the constitution was due in 1928. A satisfactory measure of self-governTent was expected. It was therefore necessary to think wery cleary and realise in its entirety the whole political question. A false step tak en a fase Proposal made now would be wery difficult to retrieve in the future. They al wänted self-govern men L. The question remained what was the measure of self-government they Wore ai ming at.
There were briefly two forms of Government within Ceylon, One form was the 'Nindagama' system of land tenure, the other was the Headmer System of provincial administration.
The Nindagama system was a foLudal form of Gowrient. As long as the feudal dues were: paid (they were always paid in hand) no notice was taken of anything else. In the Headmen system, the village was considered as the unit. The King had his Various Disa was, Rate Mahatmayas, etc. The various provinces were divided and subdivided till one cario to the Gansa bawa. The Gansaba was was composed of the head of each family of all those
in the village irrespective of Wealth. The || tigantis Hhad the right to appeal to the King himself but the Gansabawas" decision was rarely upset. All
| Éi
That mm3m L tha Wa, 5, a |-3.55 C., fr:
[[:T] [To LTTT TT : 1 | 1: When the Bri island they intric fa cf Gay"| tr || 5d form -- introduced had frac in 5 titut|C1, sent day it but a burea Go We Tret:
The lecturer the course of for larger Tea |t did not star the riots took p the refert et i played by Sir the Educated ( Sir P. Arun: ch; National Cong who fathered agitation for ri Congress was to which subscribed ther their alim and self Government Beyond the se FT1CITE 5231t.5 il Council nothin
Those who ai Corsettled to 1 argu ing in fa ||alicus bises not questioned a secondly they : the type of existing in En Was that the L at Present was
assembly. It w the people in reality it was
Warious compra They were Go" Who Wye te mot
body of voter: principle was : communa | Pri

day July 17, 1926.
nly solution to our
t the who and dcration bo Lund by aith to tha king. tish Cam to hic Jducada centralis cd ment, That camif Gowriment as
a 5 cm blamco of a , Even to the pre
s
nothing else Critic for of
them refered to
political agitation
Eure of Tg form5. “t ti || || 9 || 5 when lace. The lecturer
to the great part P. Ra Tanıth ther
eylonese Member, 1 la Ti started the ress. It was he the lower ent for 2 for. When the 5 tarted the article 5 the Tember 5 m5ėly es was that goal should be within the Empire. 2curing of a few
the Legislative g else was done.
gicated for reform cir whole energies two dir"C:: tions of The system was 5 to its suitability, al mi ed at copying Government as gland. The result .egislatiwe Counci|| a most mong rel as an assembly of theory but in ut terly useless. Tises were made. Werrir Thern t Me Tıber5 responsible to any i. The territorial Lick, nowledged, the псi ple acquesced
and when a was said and done the assembly had no real power.
The Legislative Council had a uLLLLLL S HLC0LLLLS LL SLLLLLL lLLLLLLL the finances, but that did not
a Tount to much. The Executive Council was divorced from the Legislative Council which looked like a School Boys Debating Society. That was the mett result of the last few years. The price paid for it was the Sinha lese -Tamil Split and the Low Country and the Kandyan Sinha lese split. The
minorities, │ocked with This trust one at the other. It was wrong to think that the differences were not fundamental. There
were men who thought that the differences were created by a few ambitious persons and when those persons died the differences would disappear. A hundred years ago there were no such differences, They did not appear because the Englishman sat on the heads of the Tamil, the Low-Country Sinhalese and the Kandyan Sia legg.
The moment they began to speak of taking the Government in their hands, then the differences that were lying dormant sinculdered forth. If they considered past history they would see that the three communities, the Tamils, the Low-Country Sinhale.5e and the Kandyan Sinhalose had lived for over a thousand years in Ceylon and had not shown any tendency to merge. They preserved their language, their customs, their religion. He would be a very rash man who would pin his faith on the gradual disappearance of those differences.
The lecturer then proceeded to ou time the difficulties that would crop up. The Legislative Council would under the anticipated reformed Government, elect their

Page 19
Prime Minister and the Warious Ministers. Nowhere was a certain proportion of members to represent the various communities. If that proportion was maintained, in the ministry too the communities would demand a certain proportiоп.
A centralised for of Gowerment assumed a homogenous whole. He knew no part of the world where a Government was carried on undert such conflicting circum 5tances as would be experienced іп Ceylon.
Those would be the troubles if a centralised form of Government was introduced in to countries with large communal diffe
ECCS
In a Federal Government, each federal unit had complete power over themselves. Yet they united and had one or two assemblies to discuss matters affecting the whole county. That was the form of Government in the United States of America. All the selfGoverning dominions, Australia, South Africa, Canada had the same system. Switzerland afforded a better example for Ceylon. It was a smal|| country, but three aces lived here. Freich, German 5 and Italia 15. Yet Switz Cerland was a country where the federal form of Government was very succesful.
Each canton managed its own affairs. But questions of foreign affairs commerce, defence to,
matters about which differences and controversies Would be at a mini Tum were dealt with by the Federal Assembly. In Ceylon each Province Should have complete autonomy. There should be one or two assemblies to deal with the special revenue of the island. A thousand and one objections could be raised against
the system but when the objections
were dissipated, he was convinced that som form of federa | Goyenment would be the only solution. He had mot daalt with the firma||er comuniti C5. For 5 Luch Com Tum - ties temporary arrangements could be made for special representation. Those temporary arrangements
Would exist ti || t abouE One Commi Word the ot suggest the sama
Til 5. THE i iםhם חו 5חםl|Wisiם Kandyan Sinha lese, Sille di ith
Li t t fi
would completely
Tat Was in Bri system. He w gatigsiae if it was the problem did
weTo a bottcr fc hoped someone W it and place it be (Several speaker comments and as
Mr. Bandaranai that the questior hardly a matter ti by legislation. financial inequalit objection, so also of education. T COL | Ea Shared that required he W 5 ft III of Con Er speaker had hit head. Why not British 2 Why : Til di SELI 55īON the name of a
O. W. GOWT ment. It wiped out of th earth.
Dr. Isaac Than the lecture was wered and reason: He hoped that a terest would b British Malaya. W he knew where working and wo
He suggestedt of thought in la should pay a wisi Come back and they thought of conclusion Dr. T tu lated the . StL for its choice Sometime ago a of the ideals of night Mr. Bandar; of the ideals He moyed a wot the lecturer. The With acclamation

a feat existed Inity trying to er. H. WOLJIH for the Colombo חaiוח םם thr - נ: 5 land Were tho the Low country 5 ביולי ים || . 5|1חח TH a system that satisfy everyone. Of tha Ft TI Duld be amply recognised that axist. If the Te rm of plan he Ճuld think about afore the people. 5 the made ked questions).
ke in reply said of religion was to be deat with The question of y was a serious was the question dחfu חסוחויחסe Cן among provinces p. The subject oversy. The last the ai || on the "main under the all that worry nation Servi Li if i di asure of selfdesar Wad to ba e surface of the
byah said that
owerfully deliခြိုမှီ thought out. great deal of ine created. The
as the only place
Federation was irking well too.
1äE Eheir ledders final and Colombo t to Malaya and tell the What Federation. In hambyah Congraidents' Congress of lectures. gentleman spoke education. That anaike had spoken of Go Weet. of thanks to Wote was catried - Jaffa Cor.
President's . . .
(Continued from page 5)
Anything less than such a system cannot be accepted by any self-respecting Tamil.
We have also to addiross ourselves to the question of linkage between the northern and eastern provinces which has been totally rejected by the Government. This is a fundamental demand of the Tamils because it is only in a big region that they can safely organise their security in order that they could avoid holocausts, like those of July 1983. The argument that is being advanced against the demand for linking the north and east is that it is anti-democratic Because all three communities are equally represented in the eastern province. What these arguments fail to see is that the influx of Sinha lese into the eastern ProVince was and state-imposed took place as late as after the second World War.
To these people who are misled by such arguments against linkage, we would like to give the example of Israel. For 2000 years the Jews never lived in Palestine. Palestine was entirely populated by other races. Yet in 1917, the British Balfour Declaration gave it's support for a Jewish National Home in Palestine although the majority of the people living there were Palestinians. Then was organised a steady stream of illegal Jewish Immigration, just as Sinhalese colonists were planted in Tamil areas. By 1948 Palestine was Partitioned with the ble55 ing of the UN and the majority reduced to servitude. Was it adherence to the principles of democracy that made the UN to close its eyes to the democratic majority of Palestinian resident5 ? Cr Wa5 it Zionist political pressure that caused them to close the||r Eyes to the injustices to the Arabs
This is not a question of democracy. It is a matter of politics. The Tamils cannot accept anythingless than full Regional Autonomy for a Tam|| 1Inquistle region which shall consist of the northern and eastern provinces.
7.

Page 20
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Page 21
U. S. Expert on
The Star Wars
Ronald Reagan's SDI nuclear umbrella would ne achieved at stupendous cost - while increasing
Maria Elena Hurtado
onald Reagan's Star Wars
dream of an impenetrable shield against enemy missiles is a nightmare prospect, according to space weapons expert Dr. Robert Bow Thaf 1 - it would imCreuse rather thăm rødu CC the Tisk of nuclear War and Caven increase its destructive potential. This view finds concurrence among Incre Lhan 6,500 Scian Lis Ls, including 15 Nobel winners and most of the top research physicists who arte refusing to Work on Star Wars.
Bowman, now retired from the US AIT Force, was director of the USAF's advanced space programmes development, which included what are now the Strategic
Defence initiative (Star Wars) programmes. He was responsible for the development of highenergy lasers for Space, and of adwanced spacecraft sur Weillance systems, including radar and infra red 5 atellites and support systems.
He unfolds the technological
argument for his stark conclusions In a new book on Star Wars,
Although SD planner visualise five defensive layers at different points on the missile trajectory, its supporters and critics agree that success depends or shooting the missiles down at the boost phase, when they are more vulnerable and easy to track. "If you don't knock Out 90 per cent
or so of the target there, you won't be able to get thõm at SS SS S LaOOLLL HLH LLLHHLLLC LaaH a0
magazine Technology and Society.
Like the electronic Space invaders game, Star Wars hinges on numbers and timing. The US system would have a maximum of 3ÖÖ) Seconds, Chic: dura, iar of the boost phase, to track and shoot down Say 1,000 missiles – mostly over the USSR - before they spawned 10,000 warheads and 100,000 decoys.
Ruling out the the syster This close: Lhe next best c the weapons and tems in Spice - a Stationary orbit point on the ear ach iewed at år ält it and the further . |te ig fross Its t powerful its wea The only other si rättiwe is tik blan! with Star Wars : Surg that the tar LW 2 red.
tsחוסan BוחBow this micams tha defences are to ch the Co5t:5 Tc2 mu those of deterror
And the new t Take the possi E energy lasers, sop tracking sensors corputers, also a signers to incor counter-defences.
LJI". T123,5 Lur"25 large holes in LurTinbrella cr 5 harp projected cost. C krock Qut the 5 ments of the sy the Pentagon now ground-launched Y down Tissiles, a systems would be S Poace-based & Lir Wei ing, battle manage or data communi:
The risk of mu escalate if thic Sc overwhelm the s. rating it with m
Soviet šČientist: Lo protect . their boost phase with liquid to solid f cu : the burri i Ti: This Yould maka de IECI, The riu stations needed

lightmare
ed technological miracles the nuclear War threat
option of siting to the USSR, oice is to put ; ur weillance Syscostly business. ower a fixed th's surface is ide of 35,700kin; he killer satelarget, the more pons must be. ace:-based alterset lower orbits atellites to e filgets are always
out that all t while theše nically feasible, ch higher than
C.
echnologies that ble, such as high histicated missile and powerful ||ow missile doporate elective Bowman cites that could punch Reagan's nuclear ly increase its Dne option is to pace-bas ed ellestem. Although seems to fa YouT weapons to shoot the proposed dependent on | ||ante and trackment computers ation relay,
:Cär wåt Wycould 3 wicts opted to y Stem by Satuissiles.
5 could decide
missiles in the a switch from luce that would
2 to 20 seconds. the TT har det to mber of laser to maintain a
high enough kill rate
would triple, the costs would soar and
the Space-based surveillance systems would be rendered usecs.5- because the burn phase would be completed before the missiles left the atmosphere.
Even if all these problems were overcome Bowman points out, nuclear warheads can be launched from submarines at short range and stop cruise missile, both of which stay well with in the protective blanket of the atmosphere.
Reagan's experts hawe stopped touting Star Wars as the perfect defence, for pressing reasons. lf the system is developed on this basis other nations would force the US to get rid of its strategic nuclear weapons, on the grounds that it could otherwise threaten the world with impunity.
The US would only disarm it Star Wars was "totally reliable, invulnerable to destruction by opposing forces, imper vious to any and all countermeasures erTPloyed by opposing offensive forces, and essentially perfect in its ability to protect against thousands of nuclear weapons deployed against it in any manner whatsoever,' Bowman says.
However, another objective for a Star Wars system might be to limit nuclear war damage. This is a tall order, Bowman points out: "If more than 50 warheads were to fall om the United States, we would lose most of our people and probably cease to function as a society. It might not take e'wër that må ny, But..... Inle55 a balistic missile defence system could reduce the number of warheads impacting to this level, it is probably not worth having. At present armament levels we would need a systern that would stop 99 out of every 200 missiles. Except for the difference on the
(Continued on page 2s)
9

Page 22
Re-shaping Indo-Sri L
alph Buultjens in a wide FREE survey, commented on Indian policies referring particularly to their bearing on IndoLankan relations. The major emphasis throughout was on the critica need to Tend the Starting deterioration of the se relations in the recent past and some of the ways to achieve these objectives: an emphasis that stressed the ncar-exclusive dependence Sri Lanka has (and will continue to ha ve) on political and Socia deve|opments within India both at the centre ånd stat (2 gøvernment, particularly Tamil Nadu. As for his references to the earlier more harmonious political relations one can argue that these were of a highly personal and sentimental nature confined to groups and individuals seeking common cause during a colonial and post-colonial phase. The important exception being the numberless Sri Lankans who had newer quite lost the cultural and spiritual links of their fore bears. One can additionally posit that before very long, giver the new economic strategies of the Rajiv Gandhi government, |rndia's industria | and 5 cientific resources would bend the Sri Lanka economy willy-nilly in a major complementary pattern. Ralph Buultjens went on to explicity call upon Sri Lanka (o make radical departures from attitudes and policies of the recent past, resorting even to a Camp David style process to reverse the decline and restore a mutually dependent balance on the lines of an enduring peace process. In dia then, "both as participant and mediator' (RB) would be committed to ending the current 5 talema te and to pro Tnote the i Tiplementation of new approaches as bilat Cral relations are restored.
What follows is a partial and brief attempt to rc-open so Te of these is suces. Il refcr in particular to - tradition & modernity; ethnic & religious revivals; de Thocracy; politics & violence; propogarida & truth, This formulation is not intended to be read as opposites but intellectual Proces
20
ichחיי החם חf - 5 בן 5 about a gi w cn | the thrğızı Es to our respective 5ם חם וחitחחחחםם
One should the ethos of ps ir til To word Within L witures in the at least of our tions (and even d ing as they invari rapidly overtak Spring from cor and applicability They are used it divergent positi rowing the area cari be conducti ari 52 from the IT
Tradio 1. LIS LU ally Corn trast with a distinct
ther the for IT loser. The dec is seen as taki
willages and Sm; family, age old ners, finally in ethical principl holds affecting hi. ties to his pe сопрсlled to r and finally aband middle age cor failure. The spe of the process is little title f reformulationgood (nowaday These descriptic should be noted amongst those age, inheritance Ce55 Qr plain op H13 We 3’WertorT1e t it by. Science: ductivity (progr (megala polis), W nuclear family undertake of attest carriot be propose in the traditions are cor The of Tyth, le The Individua! ; the inability t the när raw secti

ankan relations
perceptions arise olitical ord or or it, resulting in engagements and
add that within I ti gå ind socia| ar has te last hese deeps: one belief that some Failurs and distoreceptions) (emergably do as events !e one another) fusions in the use of these concepts. o buttress widely ons thereby marwhere a discussion 2d on issues that
1.
modernity are
ed as opposites
break between i et an ire || L. Läbe ing of tradition ing Plaç: Within all towns, home,
LIstorms and rimarthe religious and is an individual 5 di Li tics and Iowa lCr 5;. He is then modify, disregard om his roots before pay the price of ed and complexity is such that ther: or reflection and more har shly ''the "s) die youпg." ins and analys C 5 it nvariably circulate who by reason of professional sucportunity ("luck') he crisis or passed and industry, pro“ess), urbanisation "age earning, the -- Icurre artid the decline alike brooked: as they same breath that after all the otgerid, un historical. and group failure, a think through onal (sectarianisin)
loyalties localised with a physical area, is now analysed from the heights of "the national identity" and the 'global Willage." Boh, places, where the wictims do mot (and cannot for several generations) hope to belong. An entire people (Nation) thus disposed are now se en as II conflict and contralition with sweeping historical laws: their violent reaction and struggle as a tawistic, a descent to tribalism and barbarism.
The in evitable next step in these Perception S is to shift the onus of responsibility conto groups who hawe reacted violently and mindlessly and by their campaigns threaton the cntire apparatus (Progress) – traditions and Todernity. Scant attention is paid to the growing froquency of suicides, montal breakdowns, sporadic political protest, crime and corruption Coal C5 cing ir morci organised and manipulated action Uniti | It is, Loð late to do more than attempt to Tc5 tot e "|||al. W lid order". A L
the inter-personal lovel comfort (escape) i 5 now Supportod knowing 315S": F" tiO Thğ; —— "it5. T1 UIC
worsa elsewhero', che Kali Yuga,
a strology, excorism; at the national wel, the curse of ages —"something'' ! ! (RB, amongs I others).
The comprehensive and unifying panacea (refuge) now proposed is a return to religion and culture су еп as the пational failure is laid at the door of its major expression - ethnicity and cultural diversity, No significant or thoroughgoing attempt is made to study and define the Principles of these concepts in all their common unity, artistic and literary expresSioriS 55 i Lu i'w 25 heritage - the Philosphia Perennis. Nor are developmental models and processes arna ly 5ed as they unfold to bring them within these considerstions å 3 am essential co T por en E thereby compelling localised, ethnic and religious opposition to tak=
:x rtm : for 15 a5 cc un cr actic
Similar obscurantist and circularities
positici 5 Lurroud =

Page 23
debates about the basic tenets and values of democracy as practised in Sri Lanka. It is only at LLLLaLS SS LL S S LLLLLLLLuuLLulLLLHHHH S S LLLLK S S LLLLLL that appe als ar 2 mad & to Consensus and the larger interes I - whether nation, institution or group. The multiplicity of interests are generally smothered by voting, majorities yw hos e fu ritti tri : Eā5, 23; IT: ; cert exercised, being replaced by oligarchies of officials, boards and cortmittees; interpretation becomes law; personal experience, evidence; felicity with language, argument. In a country where the overwhel
ming number are poor and left with little dr" | | eis, Jr. 2 ar access. ta || forrTatian, ást rgflectiafl,
democratic power is now exercised in their name by increasing can't-
ralisation, even coercively. Contrast that it was not so very long ago that Sri Lankan 5 and their well wishers basked in the
statistics of the public quality of |ife indices, the peaceful and orderly change of constitutional government and much else besides. Even the gifts of nature and its bounty are enlisted as a Sri Lankan a chie Weriment... AS aga inst the proposition that it is the elitist cliques who advocated and obtained the Fre and post independence structures and which could not but culminate in the current crisis we have the more recent assertion of the enemy within the gates who has entered by stealth and treach ery and to wyho Ti we bear no responsibility,
Hallow d constitutional forms, democratic in the Tselves, perm cate no further than parliamentary debates, acade This circles, the media and the rare individual. In the day to day business of life where ono is contender, parLicipant, reci pent or consum er LLLLLL L L S S LLL LL S LHH00LL S CLL LLLCLLLHH ādā lu5 di gregard If — for "yw"; TIL of better — equality, liberty, frater
nity. State, social and charitable institutions conceive their role 15 patronage, the mass as flock.
The professional classes, considering only education, law and medicine - are oriented toward5
people as heavily conditioned and helpless consumers. In the absence cf counterwalling power, democraL L S S LLLLLLKG S LLLLLLLHHHLS S S LLLLLLLLS LLLLLL function when they do. The eclipse
amel dec|| || f || cooperatives, devel cultivation :: Tr Titi for Comicilia ir är Community eve
that that their pl neither study or reads only about decisions that ha', tak en for implemi
Politics and wid dcope feeling
for of Ciwi arena the nation: doctrines of rollig h Cr! :-| r 1re t' C. f should ca Li se no Pro Paganda and tri rolas of exaggera and cr|is L. intră and armations. Ai propaganda (adve and prospers on shifting, basis of To counter an opp skill and experien
1re ins Lffician L. are just too man neutral (uncomitt
cermed) personi a 1. We access C. L. nate sources of i brute facts Will f|TI as mgdia cataly SI. Where Linka Che on tira fi by the absence of at national level: sections of the pe and constituency cedence and the hazardous, long . ị5 tr:1ụrThätị C. CT1 the endlessly inc on language, edu family planning i 5 m, rThultirna, tioT1a1 tant refrain is ab ration and the auchentit ""Sri La Iccomo Tliet and Cu | Issues of exploita ance a part these
parochial and r: origin and legit processes that br
state into being.
| t: munities and at idcologics were rora universal h 5 cendental ba 5 es.

zal government, oplent councils, tees, procedures lid är bi trati di at is so Coriplete roceedings merit discussian - orie Proposals and 'e already been :ntation.
en CC2 engagc aut ||
which it takes war. In this Il inter"C.3: Tho ion, virtue Ard irst 'witi mm3, li surprise that Ith (facts) assume Tad importance tablo a LLi Lud c5 : i Ls simplic St all rtising) sur wives a minimum, if r:l;: ti"Wʻo tr"LI th.
ΓΠΕΠ L Γ - . . I I" . Ε. Ξ. cc in themselves
weapons. There y sceptical and :d and Licor
round today who Iltiple and alterinformation. The
W. S. acts as potent L i CCT ; Sri old is Hedevilled a middle ground and amongst wast 2 Cople — populi 5 m Jolitics Lake preclimb out is !ra wi cu E, as it E has to refer to or clusive debate5 kati dari, the arts, foregri aid, to Lr|3. 'werte a ccm 5Cut foreign pemëthreats to a 1 kā" vi, its |tural autonomy. to in domiattitels 2 cho 1-tist theris. If imacy alongside ought the nation
We would dit e fate :f : Tiion; where th:ę
shorn of their ս IIIan arld tram
M. W.
The Star. . .
(Continued from page 7)
loakage rate, this system would have the sa me set of i Ti practical technical requirements as the system to replace deterence.'
With the US retaining its offensive capacity, Bowman argues, such a system would greatly increase the risk of nuclear War: the Soviet leadership would be under pressure to preempt, because a first Strike by the US would be more likely if it had some defences against retaliation. At best, the
USSR. Would be om å ha ir trigger.
In any case, as a 5y 5 terT i to enhance deterrence, Star Wars is redundant and counter-producti'ye, Bowman say S. The US already has enough missiles to cause unacceptable damage to the Soviet Union even after suffering a first strike,
"Star Wars is far more than is required to enhance deterrence and far less than is required Lo replace it...... far more than is required to protect offensive missiles - and far less than is required to protect people. There seems to be no legitimate defensiwe mission for such a System."
Bowman sees a rather different military use for Star Wars: to exploit its large attack potential against vulnerable satelites.
After destroying all the unwanted space traffic, the country with a star Wars system could then place all its arms in space, but Bowman says "such superiority would be useless agains such things as car bombs and biological weapons. Ultimately there is no military solution.'
O Star Wars: Defense or Death
Star 2 by Dr. Robert M. Bowman (Institute for Space and Security Studies, Potomac, Md, US, 1985)
USS 10.95 plb.
21

Page 24
Barnala's
Futu
Rajiv Gandhi's
Bhabani Sen Gupta
Punjab, the question is not whcther the Akali Dal governmont headed by Surjit Singh Barnala will survive. The question is whether the Rajiv-Longawa accord, already wounded, would still be implemented quickly and in full. Cn this depends the future of Barnala as the legit|- mate inheritor of the assassinated Sant Harch and Longowal.
The future of Barnal'at as the chief defender of the accord is now in the hands of the prime minister. If Mr Gandhi can muster the Political Courage to neutralise, if not mute, the orchestrated resistance to the Punjab accord of the Hindi-speaking states and Ler um ercus cients within and cutside the ruling party as well as the Tlass mcdia, ther c is solid hope for the future of peace in Punjab. If, on the other hand, the Prime minister falters, as he did in January, and implementation of the accord is once again delayed on this or that propped up ground, Barnala will be rejected by a majority of the Akai Dal legislative party, and Prakash Singh Badal elected its leader and therefore chief minis
ter. That will mean a political compact between the leadership of the Akai Dal and at cast a
large seg Tnent of the extremist5. The turmoil in Punjab will get worse, invading as it did in 1984, the core of Indian politics,
Barnalais did well to flush out the extremists from the Golden Temple with the help of the police and the BSF forces and a small commando unit supplied from New Delhi. For long had he triod the tools of persuasion and political dialogue. The extremists were getting isolated from their mass support base. Several splits had occured both in the United Akal i Dal and the mili
22
tant A, li l-India 5
ration. Sporad going on. But slowly, the Ba
was getting thi political situati if as a witness the better, Pu boas ting a rec H1 ar we5t.
The extremis driven to despel ration of 'Khali – man "govern rt Tanifestation C They had to do: And by doing the idea occa 5 11t to 1 a government WC tolera Le the PI "independent S territorial bot. Tho polic0 0p. were therefore but also natior
The executic action was als: and showed : fines 5 e of pri Gandhi. The the crucial dec by the chief in "Khalistan" pr cussed by th shortly before it was conderlin Each of the Il action against whatever suppo all hiding in t complex. The left no doubt that action Wou against the '' Temple comple
The police Batwggn Barna minister, The leader who w was the acting Narasimha Rao.

re
in
Hands
ikh Studgnէ5 Fede
lic ki|lings Were steadily, though na la Fovernment
2 upperhard of the or. Meanwhile, as
to the tur fra rab was once again
ord April wheat
ts were therefore lation. Their declastar'', with a five ent', was just the f that desperation, or ething dramatic, this they provided |ori for the gowerngainst the III. No irth it-5 ria T1 e can "cclamation of an ("" yayithir H3 Indaria: of India. a rations of May
not only timely ally imperative.
on of the police politically sound, | Cirtain strategic me minister Riv
initiative - indeed ision - was taken 1inister. When the
oclamation was dise Punjab Cabinet
the police action, 2d by all ministers. spoke for strong
ie fe Ter ārd rters they had were he Golder Temple
tablir et discussion in any one's Tind d have to be taker 13 lista ris'" irl the
鸥,
ction was planned a 2 nd the pririne inly other political is directly involved
HII e Minister, Of course, a crucial
number of police officers and the BSF chief were consulted and later briefed on the operations planned. But the political initiative was wisely left to chief minister Barna la.
The operations did not last more than tem to twelve hours and were completed with the least possible violence and destruction. There was no more than token resistance on the part of Srinal groups of extremists. Only a very small quantity of weapons ād a T1 Tuitio 15 WW15 captured. No more than 300 persons were held, and an unspecified number of the It was released after interrogation. With the Utmost speed, the Temple complex was handed over to its legiti Tate administration, thc Shirican Gurudwara Prabadhak Committee. Just about | 300 men in Police and BSF uniforn took part in the operations. A Smá || force was posteld to guard the Temple complex from infilt
ration by 'Khalistanis'', but it was T3 de eller that this force would remain only as long as
the five high priests of the Temple Would want ther to:
Still a big political storm broke out in the Barnala ministry. Within 24 hours of the polica operations, two cabinet ministers, Amrindra Singh, education, and Sukhjinder Singh, agriculture, resigned from the cabinet. Prakash Singh Badal and Gurcharan Singh Tohra, a former SGPC chief. resigned from the Akali Dal Working committcc. The following day May 3, a third minister. Sucha Singh Choticpur, an MLA of the Akali party, and four members of parliament belonging to the party also quit posts. It was clear that the Badal-Toh ra grou which had from the beginning renained unfriendly and basically 1101-CQQpErative towards Barna= Wys o Wow out to remo Y e him frc chief ministership,

Page 25
The Tinisters who resigned complained that Barrala had not Linken them into confidente ai but the imminent police operations. Song of the Akali leaders undoubtedly were jolted by a second police entry into the Golden Temple complex. A5 noted, Barnala had not taken recourse to police action against the extre rT istis during the scwen months of the life of his ministry even in the face of considerable criticist in the press, by opposition parties including the Congress-I in Punjab, and even by some Central cabinet ninisters! He had shown great patience, and an admirable preference for political action to get at a political offensive by the extremists, which was gradually |cs ing its edgeS.
He could hardly be bla med for not sharing with his cabinet colleagues the police action he had ordered. The chief minister has certain u nquestionable prerogati wies in the cabinet system of government. His | eadership has to be: accepted by his colleagues unless he acts against their expressed Wishes. In the Wery nature of the police operations, they had to be ke Ft a clasėly g Larded secret. In New Delhi, only a handful of persons knew about it, and none but the Prime minister and the a coLing homo minister at the political lewel. Barmala had kept the finance minister, Bal want Singh, informed since the latter was, and is, his strongest political assot.
At the cabinet meeting he had obtained the sense of his colleagues that strong action was needed against the proclaimers of "KhalisLr'''". H: dit it infor T1 e y2 - GOWCrror of hi5 decision to Order the police to cnter the Golder Temple complex and flush out the Khalistanis. However, despite the effort to Taintain thic utmost secrecy, the five Khalistanis who had formed the 'government' and who falsely claimed that. Khalistan had been 'recognised' by a number of states including the US and Britäin, had advance informatino of the police operations. They were able to slip out of the Temple complex evidently with an unspecified number of activç: Tilitant cadres, This fact alone argues strongly for Barnala
not sharing his silenbers of his
The Barna la gi no danger of fa || Tchra group camin than 25 A kali Mi If in a meeting legislature party motion of no coi mala's leadership, The other groups will stand by Ba
But the mero Barnala governm consequence for the country. W insufficiently rect Surjit Singh Barra plary personal cc the police action His life. To s para na effort as they did Sar Barna fai |g to assassin, hardly i wi|| dara form that will do ibn wrath of the extr
Therefore, tha Tus; it with to dition Lo Streng. position of Barr; e ne fL'L di handing Chandiga giwa flesh and bl clauses of the Also, the Centric un ce an impresii iri du5 tria|iation iri the youth ieft oi of the green r probably form th mis T1, hawe Pro5 employment in t Side by Gide, a Carpaign rust against extremism in this the prim seek and racew and participation chief ministers im II || C. Lula | Çmimo
Another lewell
Witally important
de politicalise reli temples Is a w: of India's coli
ris T. But the G not the only shri where politics in A || ower the län organisatio 15 ha' TITI U Tl'' : T1

decision with
abinet.
wernment is in ng The Badalrimobilise more As against it. of the Akali Dal they move a fidence in Barthey will lose. in the Assembly rrmalā.
survival of the It is cf |ittle the Punjab and "har has biciem ignis ad is that a showed exemurage to order . Hic has risked cxtremists will a gun him down It Longa wel. If the bullets of an iny Akali leader a government rately court the
S5.
Prime minister urist expehen the political a. There Tust || i—da||lying about rh to Punjab and ood to the other Punjab accord. od to arhowe programme of Punjab so that ut of the bo Gmafilis evolution, Who e core of Extraacts of gain fill he me i futur. wig irous political ow be mounted in Punjab, and Til St. Er Ts L5 t the active help of the oppotis iorn and the large unity in India.
of action is also . The det sic in to gious shrines and | colle ässer til tment to 5ęculaolden Templę is ng in the country ow predominate, d, thousands of we mounted an of Hindu revi
valism. They may not be using established temple complexes. They, however, use improvised shamianas, hold highly expensive jagnas, and convene largel y attended conferences to proclaim that Hindus and Hinduism are a danger! This movement is fast growing sinister political wing. These wings must be clipped before it is too late for India's still fragile democracy.
Church - the first . . . (Contri Lied from pdge 7)
The impression of a direct counter-attack was in escapable since Bishop Deugopillai's June | 8th speech was published on July 3, just two days before Archbishop Nicholas Marcus Fernando spoke at Negombo. The Tamil bishop of Jaffna - there are 2 other Tamil bishops, in
Mannar and in Batticoloа – had spoken of 'peaceful Tamil civilian5 brutaly massacred by the armed forces'. The Archbishop posed the Pertinent i question of
other Tas sacres — of "our Buddhist breithren" (men, women and children) 'mov od down" at Amu
radhapura, where the sacred Bo tree makes the city holies of places of worship to Buddhist pilgrims.
The Bishop had i C-2 L Tiami ||
referred to civilian5 '''forCed to flee from their traditional homelands'. Obviously conscious of his own environment, (Negombo ha 5 a floturishing fishing industry) Archbishop Fernando hardly minced words when he pointed to the refugees in that town who had been forced to flee "from their traditional fishing grounds' in the north.
Even more sharper then the S. L. Bishops Conference lotter to the Tamil madu Bishops (L. G. Trends Ju me || 5) this counterblast on the Bishop's ''bombblasts, rocket-blasts and shellblasts') hints at a slow-burning fuse that may cause an explosion in the foundations of multiraca| unity which hawe so far sustā ined he Catholic Church.
.ل. --
3

Page 26
Part III
A close look
Jeanne Pinto
Line-up/Duty Editor
Next In İTıp ortance in the newsroom is the person who is responsible for the content and sequence of the newscast: who is or duty nine hours of the day - and more, if necessary: Why Screen 5 al II Tilaterial a wa i labic. for all newscasts for the day - scripts, wideo cassettes and films,
local and foreign: who lines up al this materia, balancos local and foreign items, decides the final shape of the bulletin: co
ordinates constantly with everyone else in the room - reporters, sate2 || ite and Asia-Wisi on editors,
Copy editors, the Director, and especially the Producer for the day.
In a small newsroom, he should be able to stand in for anyone of these other persons.
The Producer/Director
This is the person who "puts
the show on the air'': he relates with newsrool and studio staff, se es that everything to do a newscast is in the right place - Sketches, maps, credit cards, wideotape items, in the WTR playback Centre, in Master Contro | 5 || des and 16 mm film With
Telecine, and, of course, the
News Reader in the studio,
At tho studio panel, he Con
centrates un relentingly for the
duration of the bustin.
Reporters/Field Producers) Production Assistants
Television reporters must hawe
the largest number of skills, mçrg tham called for I'm Cither media: for 'the journalism of
sight and sound is the only truly new form of journalism to come along', in recent times: it is a true mass modium, un iw cr5a || — when practised with expertise.
모
A televisiot learn to go i. story; direct c field; come b: a fu backgrou Script writers and/or film edi detailed shotWis icon Scripts conduct televis as Studio ann Wie Wor, in tim as production
News judgm '' e 'Wys seir5" through good t rienced co-wor not always th for one could, Terely set or trete of 52 | ft
A reporter, t Pecià lly guide but, first, ther for news'' and modium'' and, strong desire t background kn of specific ski || 5ure of special professionalism . and Presentation effort less and p
Mews gatheri mus T be a team
Organisation LI 2. li fiations, Fe Fr. 3 hilipi 5 of Personnc Fi (:3 t zırid sm;h II ni 5 R, u cut, it is also - rE II, atit inal stru O "dir" atin effectiye
-- Ne: "Who's Directau
- Copy Editors
:: | tt el H I '''With, al II || E. every Irgiae;
– Line-up Duty
Each language f the ability to cast, Wi lang COLIS: ho ra the basic newsr

at Rupavahini
reporter must but and get a news afT12 Til Cr CW 5 in Lig Lck and write out ind report for the ; 5 LIper Wise WTR, ting: Write out a -list'; write telewhen necessary; is inter Wiews, act CJ filter a mid Interes of Largency; act a55 istant.
ent, that fabled is only developed eachers and expekers: experience is le best teacher -
ower the years, e Self in che conaught bad habits.
hic refore, has to be d and trainod - 2 rTi u St be a ""Ingsea a 'feel for the above a II else, a C acquire the wide owledge, mastery S and Some meaGati ČITI : : d èd for
a sense of camara deric and a desire to pull one's weight, TW will not work: any other media newsrom can o accommodate 'oners' and "Malingerers', not a television one as small as Rupawah ini's : typical governmental proliferation of staff, in this area, has been proved a continuing disadvantage - which is, first, noted in the current roster.
It is supposed to be permanent, that is, worked out to last until the next drastic change in staff composition, which, in a static gowern Tient department, is not likely to happen for years tn Ըrid.
* It has been worked out at the expense of just four or five members, who are known to be enthusiastic and conscientio U5, Workers.
* Take the duty editors as example: they work a 12-hour shift, three days consecutively, with two days off. But it is not un usual to see them Stay
on and handle the 8.5. Sinhala
- then selection bulletin, the 9.30 English one, become intuitive, and even the 10.30 headlines, 25urabic.: when, as often happens, some
one fails to appear.
ng and production
i effort: without (To be continued)
ငုhံးပြီး Conce the - Satellite/Asia Wision Editors - and inter-relation- L'wp to each ser wice: for the Yweck.
in a newsroom, as Pilī vil Elimi's are werked 75sible to de y se an
cCuise capable of co. חלLirםa :
Editor; cript-writer - ane
TE: EC2 for the Yeck, one stand-by for
EditOT5 — r. lırg t
af the vi sek. voikh side between at lagës: Stand-bys, of
Lld be cic-cp tcd fram tom staff;
– Traine: L = no morg
Ywith Cre: tot her : 5taΠ κibγ:
Producers, Directors - two to each language, each of whom must Ele able to produce in, at least, on ti other language;
- Reporters six
With biC3 ions;
la cal reporters or tri - Ingust unlifi
- Production Assistants - three, or
three yery
Com Filt:Tiit pe cris — not boch
thi , Ti su T T
Ar y given perit: d;
- Auxiliarties - trans la tcrs, consultants
- only as required.

Page 27
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