Page 1
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ܐ ܡܡܒܝܐܘ - ܊܂ ܡ
THE DEVOLUTION DEBATE O Mutual Destruction or Re
O Expand Devolution Scheme O Unity, Disunity and Federa O Accept Plurality — Dr. si
Rupavahini and Foreign Re PPC and the Challenge to Co
7/go. The IMFos Shadow ove Diego Garcia and Vers
 

s Draft Autonomy Bill
F.00 Registered at the GPO, Sri Lanka QJ/72/N/86
The Last Battle 2
– Marvy de Silva
-turn to Sanity
- Godfrey Gunatilleka (C.C. W.H.)
— Charles Abeysekera (M. J. R.J. E.) alism — Paul Casperz (Satyadoya) rila de Silva (O.P.A.)
bortage - Jeanne Pinto
nsensus - Radhika Coomaraswamy r the Crisis, South Africa and es by Patrick Jayasuriya, W. P.W.

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FOOD STAMPS
Sενεη ντι Μίμη 5τι aharf -5% of the
ive (7 ood Stars. Recer", ga "errrier MP's corpola7ired abo Tronales in ste Sciene Which hur the Poor est of the Poor Warriilies, The FirT7r7ce Ministry" is now trying to fiil N'ayy fy help the “rros de seri'irrig ** a category that probably includes 4 anřilion bela 11' the 7öWOW— per Priorith cut-off point.
Lriks, ΡοPIίίIIίαr:,
This stark fact of poverly in the island paradi se is often cocealed or give a slight shire by the rise ir per capita ir TCU 727e, growth rates etc., just as these after diver at retition from nallyfriίίοι απει ίτι τη Γ ητα Γιαίίν.
Comparative figures cari also be juggled to creare’ tlie irrare sSion one Teeks foi crye', Sirice deserice "Ferdirig has begri fò worry" riot only the Finance Miriter and Presiden JR Hi fie IMF dari al the Vorla Bark, it is useful 10 compare how rnuch y budgetary resourcts is reserved for keeping 45% of the island's populatill alive did how III C for Irising the Killing fields. It is 1.7 fo 2 hillior7 rupees for WoO starr, FS, I til 9 to I () hilliol for military exμε γιαίτια Γε.
PRIVATISATION
Privati sa ricorn 1'a s a liigi Friarity iter on the UNP's agenda. As Mr. Ali Moiesing he rightly pointed co' p ' iv'at is sation is the 7e4' Paric, ceci s'y righ Il'ing, goveryJerry elected it curries ("ir l'orig e5 Tc7'lislied slegs cies yo sa cial 1'elf aris. Mrs. Thatcher's Tory party' is the no s t conspicuous exarnipse if this "'roll-back” prograf77 tot only in fie econonic spliere bur in the polirical. The Thatcher goverient sed a frontal das sault or local goverririi erit, principally the Londor Courtry Council, f se sol 7 darior, of British der Isocracy",
I yI Sri LaIrikaI . ho714"g"1"er thE? UVWP's ideological cai ir Tir yr er 7f ran info fire frigritable probleri af en playliens in publicy (11471 frd er terprise F (Y PE's īru PPVorlad Bratik Fingo) and Therefore to trade
Iniol Pressire * ταξία εί Μητές fie P. E. Hect, Baliokio. Ariado you LNN's J.S.S.
μη ιονι είλεται ίση PJ a JSS E F Mfinister of Iridi Mérflei!". Thaf
opo S cryf the ser y
Marrellisri IIrvi in ore ways
Trade Iurriori ταινίεει όν ίδια "empire-building fron'red o pr FiFIť 77ce Mfirlfsť forversus (!id gil -IBRD, did no, to Preside over cof the se sir le τα μια τα ημιτι η
Tis tsrle I Their Patro saTi US self if it arī cē. S. Weir ressed rhe li 3) 'er allai Mfi in strick succes! Ser Curfacoratior, aging Materials locco s'
They have all for years. Bwr
αμ ΙΙ Μια Γη ή κει η Mr. Deri-til Feri ir te sierce flak isir ibri, fis li'ort,
(Continued
ANKA
GUAR
Wol. 9 No. 8
Prie
Published f:
Lanka Guardian
No. 46,
COLOM
Editor: Merw Telephone

As for the Fruit (70-77) e ir al of if reër 7III i ve fisie ste giart fra de Önce leaded by r.çarı ihları ile fries, Mr. Cyril Sir Thaila-Budair isir ei pished out
as pico by'er but ed after Mifathew,
č7 r ) r7.
IT'' F'F' ST ST Ill'era? self-ir7 rere? S' gif" 77 fii, fěry 1, či visition. The
"r", Fore şosea yo fs Fe (he IMf F lirive the Ciut : the liquidation en pires. Ho arld profest.
e Iris Tid rits, notably the * message loud is rail is Frida for of the Η Βραrεί, αHi sigr, slog Fersi.
Νάιτία Τίτι Ρίική
Corp. Mariel tre fes Corporario.
run ar a los af erf7a7f7f7ff
5' ries, il-fi‘ isfer ιαπιία, μια ΓιΙη fror77 flie oppo" röffng. The
n page IT)
Oth Amendment Danger to Democracy
The requirement of a two thirds majority for the maintenance of a state of emergency beyond an initial period of ninety days and the requirement that Parliament r(now the emergency by such a majority overy month if it is to remain in force, was one of the few laudable provisions of the Constitution of the Second Republic (1978). The Government enacted this provision in the first flush of victory, when it was determined to prevent the extensive and quite un justified use of emergency powers as had been indulged in by the previous Gowerment. The Tenth Amendment demonstrates how soort the insidicus allure of perpetual power can infect so many of our political actors. Now the roles haye been revers (2d. Parties that willingly perpetuated an un justifiable emergency In the 1970's now oppose a step which will make it easy for a state of emergency to be a
(Continued on page 24)
DAN
кugust 15, 1986
Rs. 4.00
rtnightly by ublishing Co Ltd
mi ion Pola Cen.
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도 7 또 B
CONTENTS
News Background Thc importance of thc
I., F., the World Bank TU LF Procsas Sirima Calls or Mahanayakcs Professionals for Peace and Amity
Devolution Towards a Settlement
--TRE
The Coppasite cf Unity — Satya) daya 2 The Twrci, Phthis. Before Us
3
- Cf. H 3 Towards a Conscnus Foreign News 7 Rupayahini - V O
Printed by Ananda Press, 825, Waffendia Street, Calomba 13,
Telephone 3 5 ? 7 5

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Page 5
J. Ros Super-Salesmar
Mervyn de Silva
ven the Delhi correspondent change from the E the Hindu, President JR's of the past, st most irrepresssible critic in the Indian media would be hard put Party Machi to question his Commitment to a у political settlement this time. For In these highly not even during the 1982 Presi- idea, conditions, dential polls when his own second needed to tra term was at stake did the UNP island, except t leader throw himself. So vigor- through the for ошsly into a nation-wide campaign a country wilde on a single issue. The economic
was such that a
The comparison is revealing really was to stripped of her civic rights, Mr. glled Party mas Bandaranike, un arguably the UNP's dum, a somew most resourceful opponent since Xel's "" 1960, could not enter the lists. by the element c In any case, the traditional SLFP had seriously ex efiance had been wrecked in Cular strategem mid-70's and the UNFred country) and the what its electoral strategists have it was pushed always regarded as TLT CC = LL LLLL SS SS SS LL LLL K S LLLL L 0 S LLLLLLLL contest than a straight fight. The 蠶 LSSP's Dr. Colvin R. de Silva did to not seriously represent "a third 獸 force'. The JWP leaders, Mr. Wije- ÜKမျိုး’ ၌ို 墨 曹 Weera did, and that was more i 影 Yo§ than adequate for the UNP's oh purposes. The radical segment of . ed be the large youth vote would go RE o against the incombent but not in Y.
argumentati We a :* the SLFP's Mr. Kobbe sk and draw,
authority of the That is not a II,
Today he can
Besidas this simple a rithmetic so favourable to the ruling UNP The UNP it and the personality Factor in the constituency ht whole electoral equation, there persuade and co was another objective circumstance take it for gran that was enormously advantageous not always visi to the President. Just over five observer accust years had passed since the 1977 terms of fixed rementary elections, and the shrewd recognit UNF's fortunes were still on the and the propose upswing. Export prices We good, CLI CT-55 th { nigrant workers were still leaving traditional polit for the Middle cast, the aid was pouring in, business was booming, The ethnic and the 'open economy; such a accompanying wi

ship
depressing climate looked bouyant.
TE
propitious, nearly President JR only well through the the north, and go mal ceremonies of election campaign. olitical situation 11 he needead to do 'ely on the wellne. The referenat more arduous ade relatively easy if surprise (nobody pected that Partiand stunt in this speed with which through.
по Іопger depend rty machine. This ectic island-wide past fortnight. the country the in rolled on with k-ends and mid President himself
summoning all his tical experience, cumen and tactical ring out all the Presidentia | CoffiCC.
self is a special a must address, Wince. He cannot ted. Therein lies, ble to the Casua|| 5med o think in | pагty lines, a :Iքn that the i55լIք | Settlement hawe boundaries of ical allegiance.
problem and the olace which hlas
BACKGROUND
created new and Widered old divisions between communities and Produced splits within communities, has ewe introduced fissu Tes into apparently monolithic institutions like the Church. (See LG July 15 and Aug. 1) It is now threatening to enlarge divisions with the far e 55 moothic Sangha, What is more, its un settling, disruptive power is evidently at work, insidiously more than openly, to spread disunity within a party known as the "united national party'.
Nation and Party
The truth is that what has happened to "Lunity" at the nationai level is also happening at the party level; that is, within the best established, organised form of political thought and action in post-Independence Sri Lanka, What other organisations 2: The armed forces, for instan Ce, which in normal circumstances, would be one of the most well-knit, tightly controlled of organised bodies. Is this new factor on the national scene part of the "peace constituency' or not ? Ordinarily, a peace settle
LLLLLL S LLLL S S LLLLLL HLKLLLK LHLHHL triumphant JR could say, like so many American presidents, that it was he who brought the boys back hole.
All these questions focus on the fact of spreading divisions rather than on unifying forces. Altogether, it is an ominous hint of anarchic tendencies, of societal dissolution. And that also requires the critical observer to abandon old, established categories of thinking and analysis.
In the past few weeks, President JR has taken personal command
of the campaign, an exercise in
3.

Page 6
su Per-Sales manship. That much is clear. What is more significant are the constituencies ind the opinion-forming groups he has selected for concentrated offorts in high-pressure persuasion. These are the 'fronts' which he is defending or attacking.
Three Fronts
First, Islandwide Sinhala opinion. The public rallies are only personal forays. The "carpet bombing" of the entire Constit. L'ency is being conducted by the statecontrolled media which seems to
be far bett or mobilised today than ever before. The message has a dual character: a) to ex
plain the proposed devolution plan and identify its virtues in terms of participatory democracy and better government at the provinvincial level, and (b) to allay the fears in the Sinhala mind about provincial councils and the powers that will be wested in them. Will it be a first step to a separate state 2 Since that is the sinister suspicion lurking in the Sinhala mind, it is also the central question that is beling ans wered by the media campaign.
In doing so, the media and the UN P are in effect replying also to the SLFP since the question represents the rain thrust of the SLFP counter-campaign. The specal rhetorical device chosen by the government and the media highlight the fact that SWRD was 'the father of the provincial council concept."
Second, the UNP itself, a II the upper and mid-level echelons, the Ministers, the National Executive, the JSS etc. Almost every Minister is coming before a mike or a TW camera to demonstrate his personal support for the proposals. Some are contributing special articles to the press. They are all signed, personal signature and the official rank With thic National Exceutive and the ISS President JR is using the question -and-answer format, his version of the Socratic Method
The kind of questions posed by UNP members, representative of the party heir archy both at the CentrE In Colombo as Well A5 the provinces, is also quite rewealing. The questions are of the
53TE 5ort ta t It is a sure ind Self-same issues
Sinhala party ca.
Thirdly, a ver tuency, the Sang at John de Si Iwa |rı Colombo ya 5 to th: state Tent and Asgiri ya cha da rainaike 辖 b contact with bot
awatte has if a firm UNP supp tive ra sponse of Carme a s a partiq Surprise to the
Presider JR. hopes on the ay all-too human di If Пагп13 | grč 'cnough's enough COI sensus that gCSC was a grow in the last issue
President JR | his faith on Mr.
Tha UNP".
Inously endors together, in : its confidence Thëm lary group country.
Three res adopted at a
at ""Sri Kohl They read
| tt i 5
of the United confidence in Cabinet of -ir ef idea Wours to Peace and a mit
G. We ar berations, reso country, theat a lati mal cor: amongst all th: ment schemes | et cor hindran
We ar. offer ample op participato in needs and as pi vely fulfilled. ensure that the better chal||engi to !! We - Lusofu |

e SLFP is posing. :ation that those ire troubling the 『E5.
special constina. The meeting
MeIlorial Hall the UNP's reply
of the Mawatt iters. Mrs. Baner | 1 c01stant chapters. Since aditionally been orter, thc: megaits Sangha Sabha ularly unwelcome UNIP.
has pinned his trage Sri Lankan's Sir" to "tu" crly life, the '', Sirnhala-Tami | wen tLI red to suging constituency,
of the L.G.
has also pinned Gandhi and his
A MIMO US EM DO RSEM EMT
i national
excutive 2d the peace package, an effort to end the present conflict and expressed in President Jayewardene,
in their efforts to ensure peace and amity in the
ability to persuade not only the TULF to accept a reasonable comPromise, short of a North-east merger or structural linkage, but also Some of the militant groups to give "the TULF and peace a chancic." And on Mr. Gandhi's capacity, finally to enlist MGR's support (or twist his arm) so that Tamilnadu will gradually cease to be an operational support-base for the militants. Wiolence in the north wii || noti 2nd but it Wii | | be scaled down slowly to manageable pre-1983 levels. In all this, President JR draws tremendous confidence from the attitude of the Aid Group. See importance
of the IMF) specially the U.S. As he approaches his 80th birthday, the old general who
has come through so many battles has thrown himself totally and un reservedly in to the ""War" for 'Peace in our Time" knowing that history's eye is fixed steadily on Sri Lanka and its First Citizen at this moment.
committee yesterday the government is
uliputting
his cabinet and parlia
lutions supporting the current peace effort were mẽctĩng of the 2.000-5 trong cxecutive Committee
esolved that the National Executive Committee National Party, un qu'Iwocally reposes its faith and the Leader. His Excellency the President, the listers and the Parliamentary Group in all their take whatever steps necessary, to bring about y in Sri Lanka,
e deeply gratified to note that the current dolilve the present national crisis that has plagued the ening to break it as under are directed at achieving cnsus which will usher in harmony and peace : communities, so that, vital and urgent developforged by the Government, could proceed without
.
e glad to note that the provincial councils will, portunity to the Youth of the country, to actively the decision making process, so that the real rations of tho nation as a whole could be effectiThe resultant national harmony and peace, will 2 money spent on the defence budget could be ed into constructive activity, enabling the citizens lives. - (DALY NEWS)

Page 7
BACKGROUND TO PEACE TALKS
The Importan I. M. F., the V
he P. P. C. and the Provincial
Councils plan were as much an embattled regime's response to the realities of the economic situation as it was a reaction to the Pressure of the military situation - the bombs of April - Ma - and to the combined diplomatic pressure of India and the donor countries. In an obvious attempt to wake up the people to the grim realities of the economic, President JR told a party rally:
"Our budget can only meet the day-to-day expenditure of the country and pay salaries. All our development efforts are supported by foreign aid.'
Another remark focussed sharply on the crippling effect of military spending. Most of the housing needs of this electorate can be met from the money we spend on a helicopter" said the President.
Expectations about aid pledges at the June meeting were more than satisfied. 700 million US dollars was the anticipated commitment, and the final sum given by government sources was 703 milion, dolars while a World Bank calculation is 689 million. BLI E the Bank's report notes: This level of commitment is un usually high and can be explained by the lumpiness of two hydropower projects (Rantembe and Samanatawewa). In the subsequent two years it would be SLufficient to maintain tha levels of aid provided in the last four years - i.e. 460 million on the average".
So that is not what worries ETIEH er tha Bank or the IMF. Both Ere concerned about the 'surge In defence expenditures" (nearly Een bij Hon rupees, now) the relaEvely Poor export performance, the rising foreign debt, and huge losses incurred by some public enterprises, and evident lack of strict budgetary control. In the
sanitised jargon hāš, Boein "am rՃ5բՃոճe, , , to
Tic Conditio15", cones from the try" report to Di Tetors.
Structural A
The drop in Prices, notably ti by the fall in most costly ir But that Was I only cause for c of the picture In export price aspecial IMF con next year - Rs. eveг, wa also п: til af |1F, 55: of what is a adjustment facili name indicates, lent''. I short And the conditi choices that air make the gover fact, it wiwi|| m vast majority ha
title W. ment is facing : git Litij.
FOI E S years in office, fronted by a rei it 5 mai allecto an a SSOTEITTent C new, on an issue nally charged a the urgently ne respond to the sures referred it external, the UI Pro Wicia I COLI to find that im mediately lec sation of a once SLFP, supported mentary forces, the Maha Sang Cribed JWP III a. sely pro-Sinhala
Lition ille.
The dynamics Wiolent conflict a

Ce of the World Bank
of the IMF, there insufficient policy Worsen ing econoThe observation MF's a "cothe IMF Board of
Adjustment
commodity export aa, Was "cushioned" the price of our
in Port item, oil. TOT or le 55 tilg om fort. The Test
5 Egeak, THE fa || 15 em titles us to pensatory facility 3.5 Ebi || iom... - Howed a quick Injectance in the for ed a 5 tructura ty”. SAF, as its
requires 'adjustit is conditional. ons impose policy
e not likely to 1 ment Popular! In aka life for the
rder, and this at he UNP governa crtical political
time in its 9 the UNP i5 con nvigorated SLFP, ral foe, joined by If allies, old and which is emotio. ind explosive. In Cessary effort to mounting preso earlier, largely NP produced the cils scheme only this issolution Ito the mobili2 fairly dormant by extra-parlia. ranging from na to the prosopting an intenand anti-Devo
of an increasingly ind the demands
of two crucially important external constituencies (Aid Group, India) "cornered" the UNP compelling It to yield "Provincial Councils." which action, in turn resulted in energising an enfeeble di SLFP and throwing into the extra-parliamentary arena an SLFP-led ad hoc coalition of social-political forces that Present an un paralleled challenge to the virtual hegemony that the UNP has enjoyed for almost a decade. The attempted solution has created a new problem, a formidable challenge. How far this "solution" has affected the UNP heirarchy, its parlamentary group, it's act|Wist Cadres, and its mass support-base, is a question
to which no reliable answers are available. Only educated guessWork. But caught this contradic
tion, President JR and the party leadership are acting with the self. confidence based on the power of government, and the governing party. But soon it will have to take decisions in keeping with IMF and World Bank advice. What the price of 'adjustment will turn out to be is a matter that only the future will toll. Meanwhile the nature of the problem is explained by the Bank's report. Two excerpts:
I. The problem is, therefore, that exports cannot rise fast enough in tho near future so as to redučė the Pressure debt service puts on the balance of payments. The debt service is expected to be at Some USS500 million per year, in the next three years implying a debt service ratio of about 30%, the highest in Sri Lanka's modern history. The expansion of exports is, in the long run, the solution for addressing Sri Lanka's debt service problem and satisfy its import requirements and, from that point of view, the policy changes discussed in Chapter I are essential to reach such objective. These policy changes would not, however, have any major impact
(Continued on page II)

Page 8
TULF Proposa submitted to
PREAMBLE
he Tamil people gave a man
data LC chia T. J. L. F. in che 977 Election to stablish an independent state of Tamil Ealam. At the all party Conference in Colorrbo we raitérated Our mandate but indicated our willingness to consider any viable and acceptable alternative put forward by the Sri Lanka III Go', Cernment. Thic Government of Sri Lanka has persistently failed to place any meaningful proposals which merit consideralitici. Il cor det sic to frustrate India's efforts to work out a Satisfactory solution to cur problem, we now submit these proposals to the Goyernment of India.
DRAFT
PART
I. Sri Lanka that is lankai shall
be a Union of States.
2. The Northern and Eastern FroVinces, which are predomina ntly Tami || — speaking shal|| Constitute ong Tami || Linguisti: State (See Annexure-1)
2.A. The territory of a State, once established, shall not be altered without its consent.
PARLIAMENT
3. The Legislative power of the Union shall west in a Parliament.
3., A, ParlianTnent sha | | ha "wc t. he exclu - sive power to make laws in respect of any of the matters en urnerated in List One.
4. The membership of Parliament shall reflect the ethnic proportion of the Union.
4. A Special provision shall be made to ensure the representation of Muslims and Tamils of recent Indian Origiri who do mot OCCUPy contigu ou S areas.
5. No Bill or Resolution or part thereof affecting any nationality
Un Deci
Prístic WM dcvolution, Harrelarid", Dr Is Md. ment stյ thց propດໃຕl:
sha | | be | majority of ment belong
ity agree R, (25 colution
PART - || ||
Special Constiti
Citizenship anything in or any oth citizenship, TT C D E F ": try and wi i Sri Lārklı | 8 || r shaII ip5o- f: of Sri Lark
Officia La tional prowi to like Ti language.
Ullion Ser" W E. mad3 in
CISL". proportion
Inici Serwi är med force sНа || also in ser Wice5.
PART - III
States:
There sha | | for each St appointed t the Union, I the Chief
TT1g re sha | assembly sa

ls
Rajiv Gandhi
ember Ist last year, the TULF addressed a 4 page letter
inister Rajiv Gandhi with its own draft proposals on and three Annexures on ''the Integrity of the Tamil
"Low and Order" and Land",
dy el Sche Te drid settlements.
with a special note We publish this docu
t redders can Corfpare it with the Government's draft
– Ed.
Das Sc2d, unless a 3. Each Assembly will hawe its Members of Parlia- elected Presiding Officer. ing to that E° 4. Elections to State Assemblies to 5. Bill or shall te of the basis of E3"- Cor Part thereof. ritorially demarcated lector":1, Ge5. Fr">'W'i 5i 5.h || : T3. to ensure adequate represenutional Provisions: ta til for Musli T15 in the Tami || : Not withstanding Linguistic State.
the constitution 5. The legislative power of the er la w regarding State shall west in the State all those who ara Assembly. of a foreign coun- 5. A The Assembly sha || hawe exclu1 W er r 35|| alit, siwe pa Yw er to make: laws for on 1st November, such State or any part thereof their descendants in respect of any of the Litt to b: citize 15 Thätters eum era Q: d | List .. Two. Linguage: Constitu- 6. When a Bill has been passed 5ior1 sha | | bo rm:1 dg by the Assemby it shill be Inis alsa af officia presented to the Goverror. He may assent or sand it - back for reconsideration. If ices: Provision shall the Bill is passed again, with i Lha (Institution cor without a mendiment, the that the ethnic Governor shall give his assent. is reflectod in a Ces, including the 7. The Executive Power of the :S. Union Sarwices State shal West іп the Çhief :lude public sector Minister and Council of MinisL - Γ. . 8. The Executive power of the State shall externd To ai || matters with respect to which the Legislature of the State be a Governor has power to make laws. läte. H3: 515 || E.
3. Th. (Gyror
y the President of consultation with * illister.
elected State.
be ar. ii r each
intסshall app the Leader of the largest party in the Assembly as Chicf 1in 5 or who shall ch c05 e the members of the council of Minist's.

Page 9
IO. The State Assembly shall have power to levy taxes, cess or fees and mobilise resources through loans and grants.
II. All the revenues received by the Government of a State, all loans raised by that Government, and all moneys received by that Government shall form one consolidated Fund to be entitled "Consolidated fund of the State.'"
2. Some duties and taxes shall be levied and collected by the Union Goyer Timent but shall be assigned to the State within which such duty or tax is leviable.
3. The President shall appoint a Finance Commission to ba Presided over by the Goverir of the Centrā. Bāk. There shall be three other Tembers, one of whom shall be a Sinha lese, one a Tami II, and one Muslim.
4. There shall be a High Court for each State and such other courts and Tribunals as are necessary. The High Court W III be Court of Appeal for other courts in the State and shall have suprintendence and Contro over all other Courts and tribunals in the State. Appeal will lie to the court of Appeal from Judgements of the High Court. The Supreme Court shall deal with Constitutional Thätter5.
| 5. Each State wi II hawa a State
Service consisting of:
(a) Officers and other public servants of the State; and
(b) Such other Officers and public servants who may be seconded to the State.
Each State Wii II hawc a State LaL S 0LLLHHLLLLLLL S LLLLLLLHHHHHHHHLLLLHH SLLLLLLL recruitment and for exercise of disciplinary powers relating to the embers of the State Service.
PART LIW
Special provision for Tamils of recent Indian Origin:
In ordet to meet the needs of the Tamils of recent Indian origin, and to ensure that they
enjoy a sense of security, and to
provide for the Government, suit ti we arrangement: 5H15|| Ee 35tabI5 the establishment an administrative Sewaka divisio 15
5io as to Com pri: TiTi|5 of India the majority, St di Wislos could be to for in AG the 5äme manne South Sinhala. A a 5 Created. Su 5 FO15 CL || Ee || to for an Adm E|F| Distrit Indian origin, res administrati We Di: above, other th Linguistic State, to sotte in 5 Luc Districts and pu TE WOEiOS i Likewise such pi entitled to set to legitimate vocati Linguistic State.
LIST ONE
Defence Foreign Affa Currency Posts and T. Immigration Foreign trad Railways AIT Port5 al Broadcasting Customs II. Elections 2. Census.
LIST TWO TH others:-
| . Police E in
Order (See
2. Land and |
- טexurחחA
3. Education in and Technic
4. Archaeology
5. Culture
6. Industries
7.
B
9.
Fisheries
... Local Gower
... Excise O. Agriculture ll. Irrigation
2. Agrarian Ser 3. Health 4. Prisons and 5. State Trans lé, Co-operativ:

r participation in able administra5 and institutions hed, for example : or creation of district. Gra Thashall be modified Se estates Where origin are in Ich Grama Sawaka brought together A.'s division in
* as the WawUniya
. G.A." 5 di wission ch A, GAL'5 di Wibrought together inistrative and/or Tamils of recent ident Out5i de 5uh strict 5, en wil saged
the TT should be entitled h Administrative rsue their legitif they so desire. arsons should be
and pursue their ors in the Tamil
s
econunications and Emigration e and Corrierce
d Ayiti on and Television
e following among
ternal Lla W Gand Annexure II)
t:° uses (See III) :luding University
Education
T TIETIL
"WCas
Reforatories bort ärld Roads : Development.
NEWS
Colvin, Vijaya attacks linked
POLICE investigators yesterday linked the grenades found at the residences of LSSP leader Colvin R. de Silva and SLFP leader Wijaya Kumaranatunga to the same
-LIFE
Both grenades were manufactured in Pakistan, police said.
Mr. Kumara natunga is learnt to have reported to the police he had received anonymous threatening letters for supporting the government's peace initiati Yes.
Dr. Colvin R. de Silva, said the unsuccessful grenade attack on him was provoked by his party's support for the peace
proposals.
(SUN)
Bodhi pooja disrupted
A BODH POOJA attended by Sri Lanka Freedom Party leader Sirimavo Banda Tanake in MandaPola in Pandu Wasnuwara electorate on Saturday was disrupted when a group of persons allegedly stoned and assaulted those taking Part.
No one suffered injuries in the incident Hetti pola Police sald.
The participants were allegedly assaulted around 9.00 p.m. after the power supply to the Detiyamulla Raja Maha Vihara was cut off report said.
The pooja was arranged by the SLFP organiser for Pandu
wasn u wara, Jaya Sena Rajaka runa to invoke blessings on the country and the armed forces. "ICFe tham |[][]. Bhikkus also attended it.
(SUN)
7

Page 10
Calls on Mahanayakes
"No community will
Provincial Councils'
rs. Sirima Barı darama ike, Lica
der of the SLFP, discussed with Wan. Pariditha Sirima | watte Ananda and Wen. Pilipana Sri Chandrananda Mahanayake Theros of Malwat ta and Asgiri ya Chapters respectively last Saturday how best they could take part in the campaign against the government's move to implement propQ5 als such as the establishment of Pito'y incia | Conci || 5 which wi|| || be a hindrance to the peace among the differont communitics and integrity of the country at largë.
Mr. BaldurTalk fir 5. || on the Mahanayaka Thero of Malwatta at his official residence and had talks with the prelate with The Prg 55 Ss gut.
Mrs. Bandaranalike explained to tha Mahanayake Thero her mission and that she was prepared to forgot political and other differences in her en deavour to Safeguard the integrity of the country for the benefit of all communities.
She said that no community be it Sinhala the majority cornmunity or Tamil or Muslim would be benefited by the introduction
of administrati y, 315 tho: Prçwimciã
The Maha Naya ed to the Cad the steps taken Chapter. He h th: Presidet Chapter recent Blndäranaik- in with the pre: Which wer o con them only said "enty seven both the clerg requested her t. to rescue the Present crisis and freedom for
Mrs. Blindaran prelate of Asgil Sangha in their any To Wes that to the future
Wern. Chandan: Thero said that of Provincial Co by the governm
desastrou 5 resu | community and a 5 i well.
Hg :; r i d th:1, [. oternal clashes b
Professionals for Peac
he General Four of the
Organisation of Professional *SSociatians Constituting 22 profissional Bodio 5 artid assa tlations of different di Ciplines, L'hat represent over 22,000 indiwidual professionals met on 26th June 1986 to consider the prevailing national crisis a rising from the ethnic conflict that is seriously damaging the progress of our country.
Th: ferlIII W35 of ths wisW that this crisis has reached such dan gcroLIS proportions and that LJПс88 immadiate solutions of a
B
peaceful nature of negotiations soon, that this and fission all Society to s Lucil vil make ret rebuilding diffic til to como
The CPA appe partics, non-gow 3. Li 13. Ci Li 7:TS :
rise ab cow (: and Sctarianism a spirit of und passion and Iowa

benefit from
- Sirima
e Tea,5Lura: such
Il CoLIci 5.
ke Thero explain+'' ('f L|12. 5_FP
by him and his ad placed before the win W of the
lly, Lator Mrs. 1T di SCL 55i Cr ata of A sigiriya
fined [...] It i'w £3 cof
that as many as
organisations of y and laity had Comic for Ward Curtry from its and ensure peace
people,
1 İkg ili'yi ted the
"iya to lead the Cảm Paign against WOL di E e ha rifu
if the miti 3 m.
anda Mahanayaka the introduction Luncils as proposad ent would bring ts to the majority the minoritics
there would be e tween tha majo
rity Sinhala and the minority Tamils in the country if ever the Provincial Councils were set UP.
The prelate has said that the people in the North were a frusträLé zt us to |äck of läders afid istorThe for the II. Their leaders including Mr. Amirtha lingam had mot been |i Wing in their part of the country. TF1 : Tali | | Iġedders li wad I rl |Tibo in the past and now they lived in South India.
Secondly, the farmer community In the North ost thair incomo from the produce under the present policy of the Government importing everything from foreign COLT tries,
During the regime of the previous government the CultiWätcf. in the Morth hat à fair income for their Agricultural produce.
The prelate said that the problems of the people of the North were more economic than Political. He urged that a soluti on to their economic problem should be given preference.
- Island
e and Amity
through a process s arrived at very risis wi || fractura
sections of our
extel it conciliatio and ult for a long
als to a || political crnmental organiand citizens group På "tišal ni politics
and demonstrato erstanding Com
With the scola
Intention of reaching an immedia te political solution. If there is one time and one period in the modern history of our country, that calls for a spirit of sincerity and puts the responsibilities of citizenship to test, that moment in our history has arrived.
The General Forum of the CPA thanks the Government and the political parties for participating in a dialogue with a wiew to arriwa at a political solution, and appeals to the Gowrman, and a
(Cori tinued on page || 4 )

Page 11
Devolution Towards a the Ethnic Problem
Charles Abeysekera (MIRJE)
hic Movement for Inter-Racia
Justice and Equality (MIRJE) is glad that, based on the government's proposals for the devolution of power to a provincial level, a Process of political negotiation has now begun in order to evolve a solution to the ethnic problem.
MIRE has examined the government's proposals and wishes to place before the people its obserWilts:
OI. Sri Lanka is a multi-ethnic, multi-religious polity. From this flows the premise that state and political structures must be such as to favour no particular ethnic group or religion. 02. The major problem that faces the country today is ethnic. The Sri Lankan Tamil People, who form the second largest ethnic group, constituted on the basis of their ethnicity, language, Telligion, Culture and habitation, hawe been led to demand the creation of a separate state because the existing Sri Lankan state, dominated by the majority Sinhala community, discriminates against them arid has been unable to provide them the safety and security that a state should ensure all its citizens. Some sections of the Tamil people have taken up arms in the course of this struggle and hawe been engaged in an armed struggle for the last 8:years or so. When examined against this background, the Present Proposals immediately rew cal certain basic deficiencies.
The establish ment of provincial Councils throughout the country and the devolution of certain powers to them are the core of the government’s proposals. This is being put forward by the government as part of a continuing democratic process which will also solve some of the problems faced by the Tamil peoplië. While Welcoming the substantial devolution of power to the level of the ргоviпce, It is NCCeSSary to State
that these pro| into considerat characteristics before us.
For example, a dhe të to existi daries and to the basis of exis units necessarily of the Tamil p in which they Security, mana affairs. A simil: the devolution regard to educ Prowince exerci |ewe of Second reser Wing State fessional occupa to the state w needs of Sri Li. ally when it is the Wictims of systerm of edi constituted the
It is the refe the scope of the be expanded te they aптошпt tt just solution of and mբըL the Tamil peoples an ethnic com. of self-dictorm in cised within In that contex that the pres rewl5Ed in thը
(OI) UN IT OF
(ii) The existin daries will | ii T Its of the: of the prowi քting In t Northern P undarles Wi as to inclu the Eastern predominant It should demarcate : region on districts or Given the this 1 Llawd|dab||

Settlement of
posals do not take on the specific of the problem
the decision to ng provincial boundevolve power on ting administrative negates the desire eople for a region can, in unity and ge their internal defect relates to of power with ation. Letting the se power up to the ary education and Uniwersities, Protions and training ill hardly meet the Linkan Tam ills, speciTelember Cid that a discriminatory ucation originally militant groups.
ire necessary that Present proposals the point that to a reasonable and the ethnie problem demands of the for recognition as Inity whose rights ation can be exerLInited Sri Lanka. it is suggested ent proposals be following areas:
DEWIOLUTION
-וurסcilbחwiסחקg Constitute the : area of authority incial Council, excehe case of the r"O''Wir1ce who5 g bobe redrawn so de those areas of Province which are ily ethnic Tamil.
be possible to such a contiguous che basi 5 of AGA electoral districts. deпоgraphic patSri Larka, it is that there will be
people of all ethnic communities in each of the units of devolution. Ar rangements are therefore necessary to ensure that all ethnic groups paticipate equitably in the government of the Province.
(02) THE PROVINCIAL
(i)
(ii)
COUNCILS
The Provincia | Councils should hawe legislative as well as
executive (including financial) powers within their territories in the devolved subjects.
The Governor of the Province will be only a constitutional head and should hawe no independent executive authority.
(iii) There is no reason why the
(iv)
(v)
(3)
term of office of each Pro Wicial Council should be co-terminus With that of Parliament. Parliament may be dissolved for a variety of reasons that should not affect provincial administration, which should also possess an autonomous |ife of their own. Since it is desirable that Provincial administrations should face the elections more frequently than the Parliament, it is suggested that the normal term of office of each Provincial Council be
inited to 4 years.
In order to preserve the autonomy of Provincial Councilis and administrations, rTmenTbers of Parliament elected for electoral districts. Within a Province should hawe no Participation at a II in the deliberation of Provincial Councils.
The Finance Commission which Will a portion financial resourCes to the provinces should be representative of the major ethnic groups.
DEWOLUTION OF POWERS
The subjects and functions exclusively reserved to the certrallegislative and executiveauthorities should be allended as fo||ows :

Page 12
(i)
(ii)
National Policy on all subjects and functions is too broad. This may be used to over-ride provincial legislative and executive authority on all matters. It is desirable that this power be restricted in respect of functions de wolwedd on Pro wincial Councils by making consultations and concurrencia mandatory in those areas.
The subjects - mines and minerals, inter-prowincg/district trado and commerce and profes5ional occupations and training neced not be re5eryed exclusive - ly to the central government.
(iii) While national broadcasting and
(ii)
television may be handled by the central government, it should be possible for provincial administrations to operate or licence the operation of local broadcasting and talawision statİ OTS.
INDUSTRY
The management of existing state-owned industries can be transferred to tha administration of the provinces in which they are situated.
Ministry appraisal of new projects should only be necessary
(Ii)
(6)
(i)
(ii)
inadequate. should have lish and mai Wye || aS || 5 t technologic
ed Lu Caicom to permit : tion S. S. E to standari. Weisiis ( and profes: nationa || 1:1
It is also
that nation will be r This will cut im det
LAW AN
The objecti cens Lure the of autonot cial admini gard to th law and or
For this it desirable t Police force ces and a : with linkag D. I. G. rat 5ions - cer - that are
when foreign investments or (iii) It will the lo ar 5 are in Yolwgd. c'u ili CITL i (5) EDUCATION nationally a
discipline, (i) The devolution envisaged - up- vincial poli to secondary level - is totally attended ti
To a Certain Ultracrepidator' Afflicted with Cacoethes Scribe (9 Apelles invited a cobbler to comment on the
painting. The cobbler,
sandals, proceeded to criticise the legs. him: "Ne sutor ultra crepidum".
sphere of knowledge.)
haying said what he th
Apelle:
From this ban ri English word "ultra credite" meam ing to yenture
g g
The witless effusions you frequently writ Arc vulgar. I'll give you this hint:
Don't think that foolishness Eurn 5
out a
Just because it is displayed in print. Your pueric patter is not worth a cuss Your logic is shot full of holes. You're just a that u-start CTB bus Though you like to pretend you're a Ro
- W. P
" 'Multa sero, ut placem genus Irrita bille va turn"

Prowici | Counci || 5 the right to estabtil ul i West || 25 5 itutes of technical, all and Professional from their funds cor iu chi pri Walte instituIject, of course, ls Set by the UniGrants Commission iiO mai bodies at the
cl.
enough to state al education policy ion-discriminatory. Yo to be spelled
| |,
) ORDER
We shuid
greatest degraa IY to the prow inStration with raE. Till I. Elf-S -f "det.
be to
would be more C ha. W 2 separate is in the provin
entral police force as at the level of hET thãm the dI ựịtral and Provincia | now proposed.
| fo | low that rei acciar där c:a with ccepted standards,
etc., in the Pro
ce forces will be
2 by Provincial
diון
Eind Ts Ir IT
Jught of the drħmar Is'h:d
If C FT75 g Beyond one's
right
- Ed.
(iv)
(y)
Police Commissions, constituted of the D. I. G., a mor Three of the Chief Minister and a nominee of the presiding High Court Judge of the Prowinco, and that the size of the provincial force and other matters including the type and nature of fire arms will be determined by the provincial administrations
and the Provincia Police Cofilmissions,
Training of recruits may be handled by the Provincial
Police Commissions at lower levels and by the National Police Commission at higher and more specialised evols.
It will also be necessary to ensure that the National Police forces Operate in the provinces only in consultation With the Provincia Police
The provisions to break-down of law and order need amendment. It is open to the President in such circumstances to declare an Emergency, assume the Powers of the chief exccutive and move in with the central Police force or the armed forces. However, in the event of an Emergency not being declared, the Prisident should be able todo so only if he is specifically requestad by the Chief Ministor of the Province.
with regard
(vii) Together with the devolution
(7)
of police functions, it would also ba necessary to decentra lise the functioning of the Attorney General Department so that each province has a Director of Public ProsecuDi T5.
LAND AND LAND SETTLEMENT
It is agreed that land should be a devolved function. However, the present proposals envisage that state lands will remain outsidc the control of the provincial administration. This is not correct. State lands within each prowince should be wested in the provincia | administration

Page 13
(ii)
with the proviso that land required for the purposes of the government in respect of subject not devolved on Provincia Councial Will be made awal labic without any
E5 TOT 5
The National Land Commission should be representative of Provincial administration.
(III). The stipulation that all inter
()
-provincial irrigation and land development projects should be the responsibility of the central government is too broad. While it is possible to accept that schemes like the Mahaweli, Walawe, etc. that straddle several provinces should be the central government's responsibility, there may be a large number of smaller projects which concern only two provinces. In such cases it should be possible for the two provincial administrations to work together in consultation and detetTime such matters as size of holding principles and criteria for selection of allottees, etc.
OTHER MATTERS
Tharte de Celtain Othma Eters that are outside the present proposals which should receive Consideration if a satisfactory political settlemont is to be achieved. Among these are the following:
(1) The state should be a secular
institution with no partiality towards any particular religion,
(ii) Sinhala and Tamil should both
ba declarad official languages.
(iii) Institutional arrangements for
the protection of civil, linguistic, religious and cultural rights of indiwiduals as well as of groups, th Es be done through appropriate constitutional amendments or through the establishment of a Council of State in which all ethnic groups find adequate representation and whose concurrence
would be nei legislation aff tal rights.
MRJE hopes th siwe Political part organisations and Lanka W| || assisi the scope of the p to the point tha to a reasonable ethnic problem a popular support f. entation.
CH"
P
The Import (СопtIпшеd fr
on exports iп ti analyzed here. I therefore, in West imports i Will ha brunt of any ad balance of paymen that imports can grow as they di
2. The continuat would, indeed, li able balance of pa Assunning for exaп aid remains at it In real ter T5, a ticity of the del in relation to its 978-85 wic tenance of GDP per annum Would to borrow substa mercia || So Lurcas CLITTEID ACCOLT the debit ser Wica ase to 35% by cipated debt serv high for a count ciently developed Would per se commercial bor amounts that We In other words, ]ס חt really aםח likely scenario if policy remains Cow is that the Gower to direct contro balance of paym a des itable Cours would ultimately tially.

cessary for any ecting fundamen
at all progresjes, otheroo ma5is
element:5 i STi
· in expending resent proposals t they amount solution of the nd in mustering or their implem
les AbeySekera esident (MIRJE)
- TGB) = = om page 5)
he short period the short run, ment, growth and We to bear the justment of the its, as it is clear TOt Oltin U2 tO d in the past.
ion of past trends ead to an untony ments situation. ple, that foreign is historical We id that tha a la 5rtsסקd for imחaוך GDP Falais at (0.8), the maingrowth at 5% require i Sri Lanka ntially from comto finance the deficit and thus ratio would incre1995. Such anti"ice ratios - wery y with an insuffiexport Sector - reclude access to rowing in the uld be necessary. this alternative is tion. " The Torre 1 the Bwamt f5-c1 егly exрап5ionary Iment might revert ls to protect the ent. This is not e as GDP growth " I decline Sub5 tal
TRENDS. . .
(Continued from page II) Packaging and the Tobacca Corps. 1 Here logges iyere: compara rively strial, were in fact pushed to חיHם צ'nerifוחerיושThe Wall by g import policies which robbed the Corps, of a monopoly of the Firker.
If Is Hot just niis Iriariagerre'II corruption or over-staffing thar Wave II Pader777 fred ra ritural iridusfries blir etter FIAT I e corro retic irrerests río Irished policy. Already, foreign interests (India, Iraqi and Pakistari) and at least Orie murri-irrational, Kelloggio, are interested in these, "liquidated Frate er terprises. Japarese arid British and Canadian giants' are also keer lly in rere Sred ir Telecommunications, which is or sig 7957 f.
STUDENT UNREST
Privatistantiloira iri arnother area corifir tres to proyoke Lurre Sir 2s Varios kirds. Free State education was the shiring symbol of Sri Lanka's social Welfare systemi. * Free education' iin facir was a pre-independence social achfeyermerif. Ir the pasif few years, through diverse legislative and managerial devices, the children of the rich have been giver access to turiniversity education in institutioris rur by private or Semi-private agericies. Wher the Colombo North Medical College was founded, there were rgry protes from student of the Medical Faculty of the Colorbo LVrniversity. Negoria f'for', followed and various 'agreements' were reached. Clairling that one such accord of 1983, had beer violared student of the Colomb) Medical Faculty clashed with students of the Colombo North Medical College 11ther the la fer vere allowed to use the clirical facilities of the Kynsey Road Netro-Surgical Unit.

Page 14
Opposite of unity is
but disunity
- Satyodaya
hat Seems to us at Satyodaya
to be even more necessary tham discussig T1 Qf fI'll flutläe is tQ achieve a mighty consensus against the futility of both military and terrorist violence and for the only Solution worthy of a civilized people namely, a negotiated Settlement,
Settlement of what? Not of terrorism which is not the origina|| ewi I but only a symptom or an effect of the eyi 1. Not eyen of the demand for Eelam, which is only the result of the Unredressed grievances of the Tami people.
Settlement of what? The present Government answered the question with commendable for trightness both in its Election Manifesto and in its first Statement of Government Policy in Parliament as early as 4 August 1977:
'lly Government accepts the position Lihat th cerc arc ni L.J mer CL13, portablems confronting the Tamil-speaking people. The lack of a solutior to their problems has made the Tamil-speaking par ple support cycn 1 moyement for the Creation of a se pära te State. In the interest of national integration and unity * a necessary for the gegnertiig development of the whole country, the Government feels such problems sha
uldbe sov cd with Li la cistino.'" The problem is therefore not principally one of violence. Neither is it one of a demand by some for a separa Le State. It is a Problem of the redress of griewances which give rise to the s 2 para List dama rnd and to w ico||mice. Redress the grievances and then the demand and the widence will progressively be muted
Much time has already been lost and at treninen dous Cost — in human liwas, money, jobs, socio-economic development, in the loss of peace, security arid well being. It is time for our common humanity to rise up and Cry, Enough The Presdent's Address has not come a day too early.
There are three special emphases which Satyodaya wishes to make in the present climate of discussion. The first regards the esta to population. It may be said that
thc: c State pec|| to Tha 5 di utic problem. For, their presence bars outside th should make thi again about 5e Crth Cers, learwing the people of East - Lurniro (adre35.eg the scalation of the North a plantation area urge both an Separatis Is to needs and aspirat
people. On the the past 50 humbly served country. They
ini wa || ul. Et |e assis, k : Cep it united.
ta rice of the c: the mainstream the country is th a lasting solution
The second cc
rity to | Tıp! decisions are t of devolution a cif irid settle education and e Were recognize
problematic are TES. Eli
People and in it of Policy. The propos als of rec important as th they wi|| ba im h:m:s) of the ut that there to mentation body ir and fearless impar b: SC Cn to be, in
The third cont tir betwy eier th for in of gover CCIIlit T15 || Lo country should way of effectiv Powers to provi authorities. Our clearly for a un this by no me CP Licin for a un i it is important that a united St federal in struct site of unity is but dis unity.

not federalism
le hold the key of the present of the oc hand, n such large numa North and East ! separatists think |aratig II. Cm the the grievances of the North and is only to invita of the problems nd East into the i. We therefore i-separatists and lear in Tind the ions of the estat: ir part throughout years they hawe to develop the can now provide ance in order to The proper accepLate people into of tiwit | ifg. In Lis a vital need for
and for peace.
incerns the autho
emert what wer aken in the field ld in the fields : Tent, language, Tiployment which d as the chief
as in the GowenManifes to to the s first State Tient | etter of any }ress will be as e spirit in which Plemented, it is most i Ti portance: et up an implewhich integrity tiality will be, and herently in built.
err15 the distince unity and the
micit. A fir the unity of the lot stand in the
c devolution of incial or regional option may be itc. State but :ans implies an tary State, for to be aware a to can also be шге. The орроno federalism,
More här eyler BC forė im ou post-Soulbury history is there a need today for all of us - political parties, political leaders, trade unions, study circles, religicus and voluntary organizations - to cooperate in the search for a honourably peaceful solution to this great problem of our time. Let the political games of the past, however unfairly played, be forgotten for the sake of all the people of this and which is the and of our birth and the and of our low c.
Satyodaya therefore appeals to every group and to every person in the island to support and carry forward the current initiatives towards a just and fair solution with hon est and genuine care for the different ethnic, linguistic and religious groups, each of which contributes so indispensably to the rich pluriculture of our society.
earnestly
Mr. Sansoni concluded his Report of Inquiry into the Incidents of 1977 with an extensive quotation from one of the authors of the present statement. We shall therefore conclude with the same Words:
" " The ultimato % c: lu tion of the problem of the inter-communal relationships in our country lies in the establishIT ent of a genuinely socialist society. In this society every man, woman and child will be given due place... because one is a human being with illa lienable hurrian rights ind hLIT:. responsibilities. The immediate solution lies in all thic leaders of our country. . , getting together tito prowide thic climate for the rapid 5ccio-economic dc welco prin erit : f cur country. . . The Ileaders of thc majority community and the majority religious grup must realize that the minoritics have their righ Is aird that the redress cof their grie wantes reeds to be given full w cight. They must remember that parliameritary demotracy is the r.le of the majority with the consent of the IT in crities... The country must not fritter away its tirth: and its energy in inter-ccniriinal violente a fi til conflict, while the main task tilt a waits it is the liberation of a tur pcd:ple from powerty, un employrittent, hunger, igricorari te zırh d dise 1152."
Paul Caspersz Coordinator Laith Abeysinghe Deputy Coordinator

Page 15
The two path
Godfrey Gunatilleka (C. C.
he events of the recent weeks
have added a le W di Tension of brutality and terror to the ethnic conflict, Four aspects of the emerging situation bring into focus the crucial choices facing the Sri Lankan People:
In the North and the East We are witnessing a rapid intensification of the military conflict. Both the government security forces as well as the group of armined Tami I militants hawe acquired much greater destructive capability with larger forces and more powerful weapons. These militant groups appear to be in virtual control of several parts of the Northern Province. As a result, the security operations, particularly in the Jaffna peninsula and the adjoining parts of the Northern Province, hawe assumed the proportions of a fU-5cale battle With fear fu ang tragic consequences for the civilian population in these areas.
The militant Tamil groups hawe directed their violence on the South with acts of terror which are ruthlessly calculated to cause deaths of inno-ent civilians and widespread destruction of Property and productive assets. These forms of premediated violence hawe added a new factor into the conflict. No Sri Lankan can feel free from the deep sense of insecurity and the threat of unpredictable violence
that has gripped the entire
lation.
The problems are further aggrawated by the conflicts among Tamil militant groups, and the objective of each to consolidate Its military strength and control over the North and East Wis-a -vis other groups. These objectives and the internal struggles they generate are likely to further intensify combat between the militants and the security forces in which the latter are
N. H.)
The Citize proposals for a the Political P proposals provid which all partie political settlem present violence. the establishmen devolution whic the aspirations ( Iпter-proүIпcla! the proposals troversial issues and and settler spirit which led the Outstanding Sri Lanka.
We dre mido de to the pri have Been rece Нагmonу ілteлds 15 Wiews n fII
In the state of the recent w and terror to solutiол wвге сn into focus the
likely to take it action to preve from establishi over these ar it impossible fo to Titi i
In the midst deteriorating si evidence that
making a ren mined effort t 52 LL|eert Wii national conse The Tiain eleme proposed have the direction
devolution, b{ the unit and
devolved powe posals of the
which offers a ment elected
the province Work of a unit

S before us
s' Committee fог NatioлаІ Нагmony welcomes the political solution of the ethnic problem presented at rties' Conference held on 25th June 1985. These e a framework which contain the main elements on concerned can conduct constructive negotiations for a 2nt of the ethnic crisis and bring an end to the
LL LLaHLHHClLLLLLL LLLCCHaH KCaaaCLL LCLTHaLLa LLL of provincial councils and thereby select a unit of has gone further than all past proposals in meeting f the Tamil community. There is also provision for coordination of matters of futual Interest. Further, have outlined schemes and formulae on the more con
that hawe so für stalled a solution – saw and order
1ΕΠΙ.
eartened by the
wed in India.
ment that follows,
thը Ethniը Terging.
Above all these proposals have been made in a "es room for further improyements
differences and create a durable basis for a unitary
response most political parties ha ve posals and the constructive
The Citizens' Cornrittee for
to study the proposals in greater depth and express er detail thereafter.
the Committee reviews the events eeks which have added new dimensions of brutality
conflict even While These aspects of the current situation bring rucial choices facing the Sri Lankan people.
which can resolve
support these appear to
National
hopes of a political
creasingly drastic nt militant groups ng their control as and rendering r the government
authority.
of the rapidly cuation, there is he government is ewed and deterreach a political th as broad a sus as possible. hts of the system
gone further in of autonomy and th in terms of he substance of r, than the Propast. A system rovincial governby the people of rithin the frameed Sri Lanka and
with reasona ble solution5 to the vexed problems of law and order and of land settlement, can provide a promising foundation for reaching a political settlement and putting an end to wiol Cance.
The alternative paths that are open to the Sri Lankan people, and in particular to both the Sinha ese and the Tami Is, hawe been clear from the beginning of the present conflict. It has become much clearer with the developments during the recent weeks that have been described above. One path inexorably leads us into conditions which plunge us deeper into retaliatory violence and a process of mutual destruction that we may find it impossible to reverse for a long period. The other is the path which will help Us to restore Sanity to our Society,
3

Page 16
preserve our common humanity lrd rgāt ri Led Srī Lāk ir which all communities. We with dignity and self-respect. The path or which we move and the choices we make in the crucial weeks ahead will depend on the response of both leaders and the common people in all communities in three
argas of critical i Ti portan C2 — first, to the proposals for a political settlement; second, to
the trials and problems facing the antite maio arid || communities botween now and the implementation of a sottlement and, third, tha rcs, Loration of norma| conditions and a democratic way of |ife in a|| Parts of the Country in the post-settlement phase, When we cyamine the problem in cach of the 5e reas, the for Tidable challenge that faces all peace -lowing citizens, both Sinhales e and Tamils, strikes us forcefully.
The greatest hope at present lies in the government's new initia tiwos to find a political Solution that holds promise of a broad national consensus and acceptance by the majority of the Tamil people. The respons es made by Several political Parties 5 ugh as the Communist Party, the LSSP and the SLFP, hawe halped to strengthen the prospects of Peace. The outcome, however, Will depend vitally on two conditions. First, the capacity of the two main political parties, the UNP and the SLFP, to collaborate in forging the national consensus for a political Isolation and in effectively implementing it. Se cond, equally important, is the response of the TULF initially and all the Tamil political groups who are prepared to accept a solution which offers areasonable
system of devolution within a united Sri Lanka.
We earnestly hope that the
two major parties, the UNP and the SLFP, act together in a spirit of reconciliation and national responsibility that will transcend partis an considerations and firmly stablish the political basis for the restoration of Peace, Fa il Lire to do so would be to betray the trust that large sections of the People: hawe Placed in each of thes c partics. No political party can act on the assumption
|
that the opp electorally by t present goverrin ethnic problem. such action re cynicism which for the national i algo be entre A continuator conflit. t. Tid the tim. If wileri W I || fra Terit; political Institut stability with arnıy political palı parties fail to issu : o. of in every succee conflict, the prg any government become Irreas The governing hand, should gi the importance national consers
SLFP. It government wit parties to mobili for the Setem tout without sei cussion and pra consensus of th greater confider people that the : will be durable
In regard to the TiTi I com sential, first, a PP r och the P in a spirit wh them to negotia Past efforts at been thwarted of any readines and seek coln part of both is It would appea pos als ha we beë basic principle : the Sri Lankam ir the accord i rifornTlied, was r last year - th de wolution With framework whic cally alter the of the constitut a national refer a context, the ponsibility to tructively in ni tical || 5 CC|erme these proposal: ponso of the

isition can gain lhe failure of the left to saw thi
Not only would
flect a political shows no concern Iterest, it would
ly self-defeating.
of the present
i rewitable c5 calace it portends ally erode our ors and economic no a dwa ntage to
rty. If majority take the ethnic partis an politics,
ding phase of the blems confronting t are likely to ingly intractable. 3arty on the other We full weight to of reach ing a us which includes Will enable the h other political so public support ent and carry it
iCJ 5 i Erm I di 5test. A national i 5 kind Wil | give
|C2 to Cha Tri | iolutions proposed
the responses of
munity, it is estilt the TULF 25 it at Wes.
ich Would enable te constructively. negociation hawe by the absence 5 to compromisc on ground on the gotiating partics. r that the Proin guided by the agreed to between 3ırıldı ln dilin officiaıls which, Yy e are eached in August at is maxill url in a constitutional :h dogs not radiunitary character ion and require rendum. In such TULF as a resparticipate consEgotiating a polio chi bas į 5 of i. But the resTamil people is
complicated by the fact that the militant groups which are carrying
ti struggle пmayם וחrב: W. make апу response these proposals, or may reject
them outright and stand in the way of moderate groups who may wish to negotiate. However,
a recent statement made by some of these groups to the effect that they are ready to abida by a solution which is less than Eelam, if it is accepted by the majority of the Tami people, offers same 5 ender hope. Ir such a situation it is of the Lutmost importance that all sections of the Tamil community who support a system of devoLition within a united Sri Lanka, who desire a speedy end to the present wiclence and a restoration af democratic process As In the North and the East, speak explicitly and strongly in support of the initiatives for a political settlement and peace and join their woices to those of other communities who demand a peaceful and just political solution. The government and the people ir the South Trust make it possible for the moderat, e Tamil voices to be heard through the public media. It might be worth considering the role of citizens' committees and other similar social organisations in the North and the East and inviting them for an exchange of views on the present proposals and the political su turc of the North and East.
(To be continued)
Professionals. . .
(Continued from page 8)
political parties to accept the mecharism of constitutional form is a basis II arriw : it a form of Government compatible with the plurality of different cultures, races, languages and religions.
The OPA on its part offers its services and that of the professionals and professional
bodies constituting the OPA to help in anyway they can towards the process of a speedy settlement and als o to allay the fears
and doubts that impede the formulation of a solution.
Dr. Sirial de Silva (President)

Page 17
Towards a consensus 2
Radhika Coomaraswamy
THE PRODUCT OF OUR OWN HISTORY:
I. Before analysing the substantive contents of the PPC proposals, and its implications for COISISL5 | WOL || || kB L2-) put forward a few preliminary remarks. The first point that I would like Lo make is that the proposals before us today are the product of our own history, the history that we as a society have chose to create. Most of us here who are bilingual hawe been brought up or trained in the liberal social democratic or Marxist traditions of political thought. We do not really like the Word ethnic. Nor do. We favour political boundaries drawn In ters of ethnic factors. And yet, history has deprived us of the Opportunity of drawing political lines based on more objective LLLLLL aLLLLL S KLaL S KLS aLLLLLLL HLLKK efficiency, geographical similarity LL L0CHHLHHHHLL LCLLLLLCLLL aaKLLLLSSSLLLLaaLLL our recent history Presents us with an intractable ethnic conflict waged over ethnic boundaries. This has been waged at a primordial political level, involvin issues of territory and physica security. In appraising the proposals before the PPC, or any Pro Posials for that matter, we hawa to move a Way from what We may ideally favour in terms of political structure to an appreclation of historical processes and historical necessity. This realism is funda molta | If Wica are to 5 Luri wiwe as a nation-state. And believe that it is this raism that WII allow us to build a future society Where more uniwersal Walues Which transcend othnic boundaries will Ee nutured. In other words, it 5 a reali 5 IT Footed in Am a Warness of an ethnic give and take which wi II move us toward a greater humanism away from the injustice and brutality of the past few years.
* A talk given at the Centre for Society
& Region - July 16th 1985.
THE PPC PROF DISTINGUISHE PEACE PROCES
2. The second like to Take : rellark is that fi clarity, We mus PPC proposals t what may be cal cess. Aspects of can be rejected may remalin a co Peace Process on negotiation, ba mise, We do nc final outcome Wii Current Process longer Period, wi|| || find that tE diction Will moc Tamils and Sinhalt: those who want those who wan those committee 5Ճlution and the a final military :
It is pгепnatшге political groups side of this cont the peace proce: today gathers m. think the grou become more ch tast Web TI LI.5 t ; that a commitme be based on a military solution, civilisation which follow the Purs option. The Sin a final military s to brook genocide to E TOE || || Tari | Said with eyelid, "well ab Will| hawe to be can break the E ment and get a They cling to th can impose Cen authority on the With OLE It:5. Cons face of historic other parts of addition, Sri L. super-POWer an

POSALS D FROM S
point I would 45 a Preli rminary or the sake of t separate the herse was from
Іed a Peace Pгоthe proposals but there still T1Tmi ETn ert to the a process based riter and Com Proit know what the || be but if this Con til LJÓS, for a think that We 1e major Contrainger be between se, but between a just peace and t a tribal war: to a political Se Committed to
olution.
to predict which
are on which radiction, but if SS in operation | חטentum, thוחס
pings Will also ar. In this coaccept the fact
:n1 t to Pea Cie mTI LI St. rejection of a and the descrt must inevitably uit of such am Talese who want olution are ready -- one speaking sing that I was a hout batting an out 8000 Tallis killed before we ack of the Towefinal 5Ճlution.'' e belief that they tra government Tamil Deripher ETT TR 黑 蠶 all experience in the World. In t aםח ka f5חה. H is in fact a
small island state extremely vulnerable to geo-political realities and international economic and political pressure. It is my belief that pursuing a final solution on the Sinhalese side will not only mean a measure of genocide against Tamils but also lead to the tragic brutalisation of Sinhalese сШltura and civilisation as we kПоW it. Tamil commitment to a final solution on the other hand is based on the belief that a generation can be sacrificed and any means used to achieve the goal of a separate state. This assertion of Tamil rights to Statchood, lf pitted against the will of our neighbours and in violation of others rights may lead to debacle and catastrophe. A movement which is justified in terms of preventing the genocide of the Tamil people may, unless tempered by reason, lead the Tamil people toward ethnic suicide. I say all this because unlike in 1983, we cannot hawe recourse to Political innocence, an innocence which we Sinha lese and Tamils lose and find at our own convenience. The past few years hawe shown us in con
Crete, real terms What ethnic conflict means, what wolence means, what intolerance means,
what brutality means. We know the forces we hawe set in motion on both sides whether it be torture chambers of the Special Task Force Commandos or the bomb squads of the Tamil militant movement. Given these ugly truths, political parties which accept or reject proposals with the case with which they rejected the B-C Pact or the D-C Pact can only be seen as callous and opportunistic. In doing so they cannot really expect to be regarded as providing the country with a future alternative. I am not saying that the present proposals in themselves are an answer or that democracy can be regained, but they hawe set in motion a political process, a process which should be encouraged not boycotted, guided not rejected.
CONSEN SUS OF THE SELECT
3. This brings me to why am speaking about consensus. would like to state at the offset that there can never be a complete consensus on the resolution of
5

Page 18
our ethnic conflict, especially if any political group scos ethnic loyalty as the su prema value, Those who believe that even though 25% of this country consists of minorities, Sri Lanka is not a multi-ethnic society, cannot be made to accept political concepts of sharing power. They cannot form part of a national democratic conconsus, Their idea of a solution is the imposition of Tajority will won in areas where the so-called majority is less than 2% of the population. On the other hand, those who believe that the Ceylon Tamils hawe a historical destify to create a separate stato in the North and the East also cannot be made to accept a broad-based negotiated settlement. Their romantic motion of the future will find it difficult to compromise with the imperatives of the present. Destiny and consensus are Irreconcilable words in the Sri Lanka context. When we talk about Consensus then we can only mean consensus among those who do not regard ethnic loyalty as the supreme political value, those who accept modern strategies of bargaining, negotiation and compromise over feudal loyalties based on myth, destiny and promised lands. | am wi|| ing to com CC2de, that in defining consensus if this manner, we may exclude a large number of Tamils and Sinhalle Se. But my CC15215L s 15 ||Tec. L the CČifli 3:1: US of the future, the 'ethnic compact'' which will have to emerge if we arc to survive as a civilisation. Today this may seem to be the "consensus of the Select'', but I am convinced that it will not be the "consensus of the bereft.
FORCES BE HIND A CONSENS US: 7. Given this reality, I think we hawe to accept the fact that the present proposals, with all their shortcomings, hawe 5 et in motion a process which may, and I want to emphasise the word may, lead to a consensus. Already the forces aligning themselves behind this process both at the national and international level arc quite formidable. We Sri Lankans have a cultiva ted "xenophobia'' and this exists precisely becauso we are sa Wulnerable to regional and international pres
5ures. HDWEWEr“, realistia. The PPI receiwed tre rT erTd
support; the sa strange bedfello' appear to coil 19.
reasc Luc. A my gro
to go against th therefore risk be intc:rnational e:y £ Cthar in torri: tosi ther in South A. whic & c.c. their ra as the only fact in world history Both Tamil and mi5s become Yu charge. What ab actor; ? Lc LI: E Nadu, unlike at proposals and t has approval in represented by the Ceriträ| Gove di Tib: raft. He
record not on reputation, but There may not for India on
parties to this
very na iwe Polit be oblivious to dynamic pressure the Indial Centre Cg Tai Se-Lions Nadu GQWErn T12f A, S, for the TaTi TULF ha 5 already and judging from to the Tediä til process serious
cgitimately ask represent? The expertise tc irc which Thay be r tle Tarli | Tħi li ta I ly if it is done posturing and d the final result w Selle fit af som e ξ Γαι Ρς, a Poli impossible. Ther in operation mi project – the fi negotiations bet inent and the the blueprint. T ations which i rii rillo Wements, I t known, despite Jafna agair!5t proposals, the therge We5 are di of the in = with state. There år

we must also be C proposals have aus inter"Fiatical me mixtur C: Cf ws who always to Sri Lanka, "5 up which decides е реаce process ing categorisc din 5 with all the | pārihs, whefrica ar Israel, ce and Lhair tribe ors of importance and civilisation. Sirhaci, extraInerable to this out oth cr major 3egin with Tamil Thimpu, the PPC he peace process Tiri Nadu as their Minister ini rnment, Mr. Chihas put on the y Rajiv Gandhi's | his c'WW. be overt pressure the respective conflict, but only cal scientist Will the subtle but : applied by both Government and of the Tamil
t | moWoments, the comic to Colomb: interwiews gi WE:n ley are taking the y. But om C can who do they y do have the in out a solution more acceptable to -ups especialסt fr without public eclaration. But in "ithout the endorof the militant id:3 || 5 || I til | 5 efore the process ust be a two phase rst phase involving ween The EOvernTULF to work out he second, negotLidic the militant hink that it is ww || the protests in the present PPC militant groups iwi did on the issue ility of a separate C; those whics2 ha. We
transcended their ethnic loyalty to accept at cast in theory a solution short of Tami || Eelam. If the current process is successful and provides a meaningful alternative, the left groups with in the Ta Til MowerTent will reconsider. Their main problem, I think like everyone else's is the lack of trust they hawe in the "on again, off again' Sri Lankan Government. Even if a solution is reached, will the government implement its promises 2 What about the Sinhalese political Parties. Again, there is a strange mixture of bedfellows. The UNP, the SLMP, and the tradition |left favour the PPC proposals. Political gossi P ha 5 it that despite the unanimous endorsement for public consumption the SLFP itself has bean dividad con this issue. If the process succeeds the left flank of the SLFP may give it their tacit support.
What we see then is the gradual inching together of the riddle with widespread regional and international support. It is still a de licatie process and One does not know whether it will succeed and yet such a historical conjucture has not existed with such intensity before. The intensity is Corditioned by the fact that both sides are runn ing out of other coptions. Unless one seizas the tiIT12, there may be little hope for a nonwica||eit fu turc:.
POLITICAL WILL2
8. Given the past history of the government, We must also ask - Is there a political will to negotiate, and to genuinely solve the problem politically. oly ans Wer is yes, some members of the government ha WC the w|| || not becausa they are visionaries, states men or humani Sts. They hawe not shown any of these qualities in their approach to the ethnic conflict. | Hold no brief for them. But at this time, even they have begun to see the writings on the Wall. As a cabinet, they hawe, I think, come to terms with the intensity of our crisis and what that means for their future. Let us be grateful tih hi5 reall sätt" has Cor 12 i CW, even If we coridamn the fact, that they have allowed so many lives to bo2 |o5 t girhd 5o ITıLuch sL: Fferinf: to take place. Will they really
(Continued in page. }

Page 19
N. A. M. Summit (2)
Apartheid Diego Garci
West's Indian
ne word and phrase was OX: to the collents and contentaries on the recent חit Iהחוחsu-1חWealth miחסחסComm London. It was 'isolation'', the isolation of Britain, in a community of nations once styled "The BriLish Commonwealth".
The transformation of the British Commonwealth to a unique body of almost 50 states, black, brown and white, big and small rich and poor, embracing six
continents, was perhaps the supreme diplomatic a chievement of post-war U.K., rapidly chan
ging from "Great Britain' to "Little England". Prime Minister Thatcher's own individual contribution to that history is now indisPutably the "isolation' of BriLain in the Community Which Brita created.
What accounts for the seeming obtuseness and obstinacy of Thathhari te policy on South Africa ? ls it Mrs. Thatcher's ideological attachment to aggressive Reaganism? After the Libyan aggression, Mr. Den mis Heallay, Labour's shadow Foreign Secretary said "When Reagan tells Maggie to jump, her only reply is "How high?"'. But behind the cutting wit is an illconcealed political partisanship. The fact is that "America First" has become the cornerstone of British foreign policy under Mrs. Thatcher.
is economic interest then the real explanation for the US-UK joint front against effective sanctions against the racist regime?
Certainly, the material stakes are very high as I explained in the first Part of this article. Anglo-American in Westment alone amount to We ower 20 Ebillion dollars ir a
Ocean
country rich in
rials.
Is it the perso pro White procli der 5 thât mâks With Tacist Pret choice. That too, is a far more in a very special CALCI CIL Reagan and Thatc. been greatly stri the elevation of Right leaders to prime ministerial c Ocean strategy, fically Diego Gar
When an ec militarily weakene to pull-back from the le WW || eader alliance the US as tonal role of Imp
The new superp. nate All the oc the Indian ctea looked for base: the conventoria
"Comunication f: t5 : 1 WF || 5 | yi World even as no fast changing in : Tissiles and SL principal target the Soviet Union, Euro-Asiar tard Ta lear armoury and had to be supple Ebased ni 55:e5 al in the 50'yiğt Uı
vēt tr
The Other con was the politics : cies of the Indian their economic re oi | in the Gulf.
WITH H BF|| the US toe i

ia and the Strategy
strategic mate
a factor, the Wities of the eatheir rapport Gia a la ELa
yes. But there POTE IN E T2aSON, Anglo-American precedes both HGr which Ha5 engthened with thésé two Hard presidential and ffice. It is Indian and more speciCia.
mically andסחס | Britai gCiled 1. "east of Suez", of the Western 5 Lufted the tradierTial 15 Brita.
WaT must doieans, including n. Washington , not merely kind but Vital cilities' to link ous parts of the ival strategy was an age of nuclear Eo marie5. The of course was the sprawling 55. NATO "5 luc
striking power : mented by seaned at "targets
nion, especially
Asia.
-Er of Cour55
and foreign policean states, and Isources, mainly
ish withdrawal, the defence of
FOREIGN NEWS.
Western interests becarne paraToLI E and "intert Wertion" of different kinds, including military,
was a critical policy option.
The atoll Diego Garcia was administered by Mauritius when that country became independent in 1968. Already however Britain had created the "British Indian Ocean Territory' with military facilitics that could be enjoyed by both Britain and the US.
Subsequently Britain "leased" the territory to the US for a nomina I fee. By the turn of the decade, the US had already deLLLLLL LL LLLLLLLL C SLLLHLLLLHHLLLJS tions facility' on Diego Garcia. The forcible displacement of the inhabitants was under Way.
The entry of a US Task Force led by the US Enterprise into the Bay of Bangal during the Bangladesh war signalled US interwenist intentions as early as 97.
The creation of the Rapid Deployment Force by President Carter and its emergence as a fullfledged Central command (CENT COM) after the downfall in 1979 by the Shah, Washington's gendarmo of the oi|-rich Gulf Wäs another major event in a chain that stablished the new US stra
tegy.
But Diego Garcia has a place in an even larger US strategic scheme, a truly global project. And South Africa figures in this uite prominently. The 1973 Middle est war and the clasure of the Suez Canal only enhanced South Africa's importance in this global design. The Cape route became wital for oil su PPlies for both the US and the Nato members of Europe.
(p. 9)

Page 20
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Page 21
South Africa 15 the wita link between the Southern Atlantic and the Indian ocean, and the refore to the West's global naval strategy. Special facilities in Kenya Somalia and Egypt also provide support for it.
The crucial importance of South Africa to the Indian Ocean strategy became clear in the very act of constructing Diego Garcia. Not only were western military personel Supervising İts Construction operating from South Africa
but the "automated Silvermine Communications Centre on the Cape which processes data on surface and submarine traffic" in
the Indian ocean Was made available to the US. Incidentally, West Germany the third largest investor in South Africa and another op= Ponent of sanctions, helped build the military radar surveillance installations at Silvermine. (The FRG is as much a partner of the racist Pretoria regime, a key member of the US-dominated Strategic alliance, as is Israel).
Diego Garcia and the rapid militarisation of the Indian Ocean brought a prompt response from the non-aligned group. It Sri Lanka that took the initiative to introduce the POZ resolution in the UN. While the west Ind by the US has fought a relentles 5 rearguard action to undermine or at least delay its implementation, the change of government in Colombo 5āW a less erth Lusia5tic: Sri Lanka confront Irida oyer this issu 2. At the I983 suurimmit in Delhi, it was the author of theo IOP Z Proposal, Sri Lanka, which battled hardest to avoid all reference to Diego Garcial Finally, Mrs. Gandhi's government visibly disturbed and angry over Sri Lanka's about-face, persuaded the NAM to refer to Diego Gartia in "the context of Mauritian So Were ignity". The at oll
was
belongs
to Mauritius. This explains why
Mr. Gandhi visited Mauritius re
cently, and why Sri Lanka's efforts
to host an Indian Ocean Marine Resources - a diplomatic diversion
from the IOPZ, proved futile both in January this year and last Tonth.
- JAY
US and intellige
Reginald Dale,
U. and British
cies have pros With secret infor banned African (ANC) in return on Soviet and C Africa, the New Y ted yesterday.
While ole 5eni the report, curi US official 5 tot Times that both gence and specifi planned ANC at to South Africa President Ronald into the mid-l Speakes, the Whi man, said y esterd: Was "". L.'"
A Bitis FC said last night it סם סlicy Lסק שחמוח relating LO SE LIIT
The New York could Tot digter T US was still prov on the ANC ni Africa had used to Prevent ANC a retaliatory raids in other South til 25.
The report, he a detailed accou between high-le' and South Afri agents at the comunications Che||tel HI || ||
In an exchange { rements,' the reportedly asket Britain to Suppl array of political Tāti līdecolorī including interce concerning the Angola, Mozambi Botswana. The St Wanted informati mgnts of IMF, Cli ANC president.
South Africa, gence satellites, US and British

UK provided
2nCe É0
South Africa
US Editor, in Washington
intelligente agenrided South Africa mation about the National Congress
for intelligence uban activity in "ork Times repor
or official dem ied rent and for Tigri
the New York
political intelliwarnings about tacks were given by the US under
Reagan at least 980s. Mr. Larry I te House spokeshy that the report
ign office official Wa5 mÖC göWernmment on reports ity matters.
Times said it ning. Whether the iding information Jr whether South the information it tacks or prepare on ANC bases :Frn Affrican column
WCW Cr included nt of a men Eing well US, British I can intelligence UK Government headquarteres at |he mid-|| 명805. of "tasking requiSouth Africans the US and y ari extensive military, diplolic data on Africa, pted information governments of զue, Zambia and Luth Africa 15 - || 53 on on the Toweiwer Tambo, the
With o inte IIihad depended on Communications
intelligence for information on black nations beyond the range of i Eis own interception equi PIn ent, the New York Titles said. In TetLIT, the US and Britan Were given information om Soviet shipping and submarine activity around South Africa, and on Soviet and Cuban involvement in neighbouring African countries such as Angola.
Meanwhile, Mr George Shultz, the US Secretary of State, carried Mr. Reagan's latest campaign against sanctions to Capitol Hill.
Mr Shultz told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that in trying to promote dialogue the US planned to step up its contacts with the black opposition in South Africa, including the ANC. Despite serious concerns over the ANC's links with cornmunism and its use of violence, the US recognised that it had become "an important part of the South African political equation," Mr Shultz said.
— (Fіпапcial Times)
Towards. . .
(Contin Led from Page I6)
implement the proposals in a spirit of sharing power? I think that their pragmatism and will to Sur Wiwal Will Compell them tio do so even if their democratic and liberal convictions have long been Si Inte. Ewen as I say this, however, We hear of incidents yesterday, in Multur and Mullaitivu. I am not a believer in conspiracy, but in contraditions. I feel that there are sections within the government, the administration and the arried services Who Will attempt to scuttle the talks. But in long run, I think or perhaps hope that there is a slight chance that pragmatism will win out.
The main reason for this optimistic introduction is to sustain you through the rest of the analysis, which involves identifying the disagreements and gaps in the proposals themselves.
(To be continted)

Page 22
Pat W
A close look at Rupav,
Jeanne Pinto
News sequence
Two general rules emerge to with the Working out of a news 5ο αι. αr ca :
1. One should try to lead with the most important story of the hour, national or international. That is fairly ob'' ill-Llig.
The Wie Wer w||| Hawe raad or heard something about it already and would naturally want to know Thore. If this is not given immediately, he would tend to los e interest in the rest of the items.
2. Each story should lead to the rext in the order of im Portance and an easy-Lo– follow flexible pattern. "The modern trend is to go from the top story of the day, in a pattern that groups similar stories, and flows logically from one topic to the next".
Cther rules about news Content/sequence are equally simple and self-evident.
* News should go in a straight line from 'hard news'' (which keeps the public informed): to "in-depth reporting" (which gives one a chance to use facts edited out of day-to-day copy); to ''analysis commentary' (which puts Important news into persPective); to "investigative rė Forting" and ""docum cantaries'' (which turn the public eye towards questionable acti. vities or remediable lapses.
(The term 'investigative'" should have a simple meaning for TW, which has not the budget, staff or time, nor indeed the permission for, or capability of 'doing a
Watergate', even on the smallest possible scale : it cannot afford and will riot
be allowed such luxuries: but it can highlight public gric
Wances. Wit Set down a
And the fow cable to a built neat, tight Pric equally simple:
| - Gat irts)
film) story q. Camra"" ir tr b: Concise.
2. Blanco "on
reader) with – long 5 trot :LI |d be tor
3. Try to get
ced to avoid t a single voice
4. Haye extra
5 tot i 25 i Wai || E. be used or . ring tille rur
5. Wary the bu
camera "pad' shoLI ld be sh. lively.
News Readers
The glamour of TW job attracts r indeed understant dernand5 of 5uch z. indeed are those 3. CarThera as if t
born : in fact, it pheпопепоп — "r ra'' is am unu su:
rinuch a "perfor appearance before Cal Tira, which a and rehearsed to and ratura.
Television view said do not war mation froll a to puter, robot or dummy; they wa med, they want understand, they all else to belie hear and see - a not only the new ted, but the new ther person like the they must like.

a hini
in the limits - ai || media.
asic rules applitin aiming for fessionalis III a re
ideo tape (or ickly - the 'on oduction should
camera' (newsWideo or film ch'e 5 of çİther
ing
Y 105. It its2 (T15 'Wicihe monotony of ! for 20 minutes.
tape or film le — they Could Iropped if run15 () || || ...
letin with on Stories - they Ort, light and
this particular many, but few i the complex function, Rac
who can face
o tha Tanner hera is no such 2ading on carneal act, just as nance' as any any kind cf
5 to be learned appear pleasing
irs, it has been it their in forIceprinter, com
show-window it to be inforto be able to
Want, above :ve what they ind that includes s being impar"5 r. Cader, ancoimselves, whom
These, according to Warner Troyer (the CIDA expert, who was attached to Rupawahini for two years) are the basic qualities demand cd of a news reader:
(a) Credibility (b) Camera presence (c) Professional reading skill.
This is the reality
Delivery
To begin with, most readers scam to be spiked to their chairbacks, and, with the introduction of the teleprompter, they 5 ccm to be transfixed from in front as well - the result is TW catatonia. From the fluttering of the papers on the table, it is obvious that the readers are tied to the text, which, Tore often than not, is poorly composed - the result is a vicious circle of poor text/dullad, un prepared news reader sall interest abstracted from the tcxt/s, subtly communicated contempt for what is being read sandwiched between a rictus, born of newou s ness and Poor control of facial
muscles, between ayubovan and good night,
Dress
The de riguer buttoned up coat for males, se er 15 to act as a "chain-mail', further inhibiting the reader; the relative freedom, in Wardrobes and hairstyles for Worllen, Scrowe; to gen Crate SO TE kind of rivalry, which, at times, tends to take away from the necessary concentration on the main purpose of a news reader's presence – making the news credible.
Diction
There seem to be as many versions of even the most com
monplace words, as there are indiwidual News rader5,
UPDATE Especial y con the Sinhala News Bu | [etim there 5oerT1 to be a
whole lot of new readers being tried out. It isn't really neccs
sary to have a large news panel : at SLB C, for instanca, this can often work to the
detrim cnt of the news, because sew cral of the readers hawe no active incre5 t in the content.

Page 23
News readers should be familiar with the news they read.
Foreign Affairs
The subject of 'foreign affairs' is not public-oriented in the sense that the average man does not think of political situations in other countries in the same way as he involves himself with domestic political issues.
This is a truism: and depends on the remot nature of the Subject,
This is why the public doas not frequent the Foreign Ministry in the way it floods into other Ministries where public business in cond L-2.
This characteristic of remoteness makes it increasingly difficult for the government to convey, in coherent terms, to the public, what foreign affairs and foreign Policy is a II about.
Unfortunately, public "knowledigo' is usually gleaned from and based on readership of popular newspapers and magazines (like Time and Newsweek), which offer capsuled criticisms of foreign affairs, Which aro inevi tably prejudiced or "angled'.
Discriminatory reading, or ComTientary, is noW a 5 erio LI 5 meed in all developing countries, Sri
Lanka included; but a greater awareness of the foreign policy of one's own country has to become an aspect of public
Orienta tion.
Thinking on SL of sports teams this country's rc ment, relatit 15 (or other count and so on, neet loped on more so
In the SarThe public is expose media, to oth
government polic trative and c Conci to science, tech 3ırı d lalı www — 50 mi foreign affairs b guided.
lu5t ag thairc.
cussions on ECW ment. Protection : lems, Foreign should also be : duty, where thei be used to expl public concern,
help create a w of any given subje of Wrong notions
This is partic Thow When Sri abroad is frequer tioned; and our Come il for adw supposedly not efficiently.
In this context of how foreign and the duti95 c would help with Standing, and enc tiWE Criticism, r, Petua te the impr
SUBTLE WAYS OF SPEEC
Caught in the bourgeois rat trap She became an adept at clap trap. Bottled al natura speech LίKa ρία Kle out of reach. Did not have recourse like workmen Redeemed from the devious regimen, To the hearty swear and word hash. So developed a sly psycho-somatic sk
Patrick Jayas

bjects like wis its to South Africa, le of non-alignhips with India ries or blocs), ds to be dewehisticated lies.
way that the d, through the er aspcct 5 of ry, to adminismic development, hology, medicine ust thinking on e professionally
ara panel dis"ISEIT IT TWIT ITand medical probMinistry officials asked to do panel r expertise could ai maters of
a II, last, to id: awareness ct, and disposal
Ulary important Lanka's image 1tly being quesMissions 3broid er 5: riticism for doing the job
an explanation ission 5 function f foreign officers
gre åter under:OL rage construcather than Peression that the
'n rash.
шriya
life of a diplomat revolves round a battle of scotch.
Among the professional government services, the du ticas and functions of a foreign service cofficer, who undergoes a da fin i IC course of training in the use of every tool of diplomacy, is only imperfectly understaad – if ar al. This is partly attributable to the remote and engimatic nature of the subject of forcign affairs : ELIT, it is a 5 du ce to the lack of basic communication between the Foreign Ministry and the public, either directly, or through public media.
Television, with its powerful appeal to poople with little time for reading, who damand and necd exposure to the most comprehensive news and views possible within the iimitations of the medium and the definite limit to the amount of spoken
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Page 24
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Page 25
information that can be absorbed
has particularly neglected this source of expertise.
True, the indiwidua || officcr. is
forbidden by the ethics of prosessionalism to set himself up as an analyst, par excellance, of any specific topic, relating to foreign affairs ; as a Foreign Office professional he is not supposed to (and does not) carry value judgments around in his head - but be car state different positions and allow the drawing of conclusions.
His services - with necessary permission on briefing - can be obtained for say, in panel discusSions on subjects of vital importance and current interest, that
must be aired: : siulton in W28 to our labour
5 Lula T äffairs = wists abroad, ir reasons or need: surrounding prott
Analysis.com The
According to first head of C function of the to marshal thi specific subjects ccTrig or s FC present these fac his listeners ratl ther. The analy to clear up a within the kno' fairly present E trovergia questi should give th
ALSO WALD
RESIDENT IN
SRI LANK A.
Yesio ony JS S260 you ( | cof. Europe, trave||irng First C European national railways. Pass paid for in Sri Lanka giv | un limited Thileage to travel th and Dreat th of Europe. St:ť 1 Soler dour of ancient Rome, Naples, Florence, and Venice. and across Switzerland and F miraculous Lourdes and beal * or if you prefer you can chiar grid take an excursior boat : the RH ime, or the Dar LubЕ.
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subjects like the Asia in relation policies and con
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PaLI| Whito the E33 x e y g; " "The news analyst is a facts on any and out of his iial knowledge, to is so as to inform ner than persuade rst should attempt ny contradictions
information upon which listeners can make up their own minds. ideally, in the case of controversi al issues, the audience should be left with no impression as to which side the analyst himself actually favours. . . . .
In print journalism there are as many foreign affairs pundits 35 there are newspapers; on radio these are thi. Is cic. Cill television, a single analyst can be a disaster.
The reason why an individual's comment, in the complicated and sensitive area of foreign affairs, is
wn record, should I CLh sides of CCmons and, in short e best available
suspect, why his competence and credibility can be called into question, stems from the peculiar nature of commentary in this field.
al SE TO5 All this will be yours and more. aSS by because with the Eural Pass there are The El Irail thousands of trains to choose from ES y C) u the high speed TGW or the luxurious IE length Triāns Europa Expresses or
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Page 26
First, such an interpretative story calls for clarification, explanation and analysis and, therefore, relies on the reporter's personal ability to 'weigh and filter facts'; Second, as there is no set format for such a story, the writer chooses his own and this freedom allows the injection of the writer's own opinions. With this challenge, very few writers can keep their comment analysis above reproach.
Where there is time and space enough for public choice and discrimination in print and radio, there is not this latitude in
television: a biased or incompetent Programme on television by the ir diwidual commentator has immediate impact and for-reaching effects.
Analysis or commentary is inevitably personalised - it is
Letters. . .
(Continued from page II)
part of our daily life while a party which so strongly opposed such abuses now uses emergency powers more effectively and restrictlwely tham lts predecesørs, and by the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution, mak : 5 tha: perpetLation, of an emergency a matter of the ut most simplicity.
The emergence of a Parliament elected on a system of proportional representation would hawe dramatically altered the situation and Would have er 15ured that energency powers cannot be conferred upon a Government except for a very brief period (for which provision must be rade) unless there was a bipartisan consen sus in Parliament that a genuire ernergercy existed which warranted the use of the wide and allost arbitrary powers that an emergency confers up to the i 15truents of state. T1 e Tenth Amendent reverses the possibily of that happy situation and ensures that as before епnergency powers can perpetш
24
usually Written roads it "'Or a is in variably wie Wer AS Lh: ar tilt,
The report, th in the personal ""We'', or th: or "lt" — de PE favoured by the
LPDATE
|| Team t mdo Report' has include comm and Tamil, by : who are respo as well.
These individ lot trained
Ludiente 5 : til discussion see rily th togen -
ally be enjoyec whit of a Go
The Council cracy emphasise: terr715 that ëWën : of citi 5i5, 5 Luch should not lead Simplistic as Sump ExCCLIt I've pØW er: toed to de WalUë indi widL | are rii the tragedy of leads us to the of - That it is the by elements in the police and of the sità ta' of th and integrity of t exacarbatad håLr and has chance for will ce.
The CLD) milli LI5" that Bath und Government and (Griyeri Terit et conce obtailed H purposes far ri o5 censible purpo gency. The wic : "rists h15 c of the right of in Colombo, cem5

by the person who mera' - and who identified to the alyst or commen
erefore, could be ''|'', the ditorii impersonal 'Onc" inding on thic style Writers reader.
nths, the "Foreign been Widered to :: | tari I:s in Shill additi rial raders, si b | fr the text
Jals are obviously
to talk to TW he subjects for Til to be arbitrawho decides whg
ther they are important for the people to know; whether they are geared to the intel|Cctual lawe of the wigwers
The whole exercise is rod Liccid, too often, to little more then a map. Some visuals, a talking head deli wering chunks of fragmented information - boringly.
A very good example of tho dangers of letting the "experts' in Foreign Affairs actually present Foreign Affairs was underlined for us at the end of 1984: the news staff produced a flash pack programme, which was presented by two of the readers - it was telecast straight after the usual Foreign Report - and the contrast in sheer watchability was striking.
(Concluded)
at the selfish
W TITTET.
of Liberal Damoin the strongest 1 gen III na St LJ at EQT. as the present, LI 5 to make the tion that sweeping ; that are permitthe rights of the ece5sa ry. Indead Sri Lanka today posite conclusion ta wali er disragard the armed forces, other instruments e rights, dignity he individual that * ård i 5 cortet d the propensity
t also empha si se
:r , the previous under the present |crgency Powers
awe been used for Towd from the se of the emer|ence of Tari | to the restriction public assembly orship of criticism
of Government policy has been imposed under a censorship proclified in the interests of national security, trade unionists, and other legitimate critics of the GovernTent hawe been hald in de tention without trial under emergency regulations.
In the sixteen years since the General Election of 27th May, 1970, Sri Lanka haš | 1 Wed forto 3a Inuch longer period under a state of emergency than under the rule of
* ir norā citurštate5. must be emphasised that an emergency leads to the suspension of th: ru | f | W. THIC CLD does not suggest that there should be no provision for the proclamation of an emergency but it does believe that an emergency should only exist if there is broad and bipartisan agreement that the need for an emergency exists, and even then that the powers conferred on the executive as against the individual must strictly to those regarded as vital for bringing the country back to a normal condition.
Chanaka Amaratu nga Jirit Secretary (Council far Liberal Der Tiga cracy)

Page 27
THE PREM
IN SOU]''
A massive Port Expansiot Colombo into a modern C Tram Shipment Centre qualif with the following additior and Commercial Port Users
O Bulk-Handling facilities
O Rebagging and Reproce
O A Streamlined Bonding
Army specia / requirer 77 er 7 its col /
En qu
ܠܸܮܵ
SRI LANKA PO
19, Church Stre
Colombo,
Telephone: 25 559

IER PORT
TH ASIA
Project has transformed 3r1 ta |[1(2r Hand |ing Port a nod ying for "Base Port" status 1 al facilities to the Industri El ||
for Grail, Fertilizar and C3 met,
:SSII fa Cili ties.
Sewice,
if e arraged for of request.
iries :
RTS AUTHORITY
it, P. O. Box 595,
Sri Lanka,
Tg|ex: 21805 PORTS (CE

Page 28
WE ARE A DIFFERENT KI
(7here are a multitude of 4
O They who guard the fre
O They who protect the b:
O They who guard the der of us are entitled to as
Each of us is a guardian to
dependency in
BUT THE DIFFERENCE
RESTS ON OUR DEEP CC
WE ARE TRUSTED GUARDI
MONEY, GUIDING YOU ON HO
FOR YOU AND YOUR D
SO REACH
FOR YOUR LIFE
A Different Kind C
 

D OF GUARDIAN TO YOU
ruardians during your lifetime
edom of speech & expression
asic human rights of mankind
mocratic freedoms to which each
citizens
others who view us for their
day to day life
N OUR GUARDIANSHIP
)NCERN FOR YOUR FUTURE
ANS OF YOUR HARD-EARNED
W TO SPEND AND HOW TO SAVE
EPENDENTS TOMORROWS
O UT TOOAY
:-LONG GUARDIAN
) PLE’S BA NK
Df Guardian For You