Page 1
RAJIV'S PERSONAL DIP
Conflict-Resolution or C
LANKA
GUA
Vo || ... 9 No. 9 September 1, 1986 Price Rs. 4.(
O The TULF's Draft O What was the T
N THE K|| O Cyanide Heroes a
O The Guerrilla Con
O How Life Goes O
O Devolution and the
O Devolution and til
Also: SLFP-VP, a
Shan on Mao the Harare S
 
 
 
 

ΟΜΑΟΥ:
risis-Management 2
- Mervyn de Silva
DAN
Registered at the GPO, Sri Lanka QJ/72/N/86
)
Bill ULF's Mandate 2
- Llyn MWickramasuriya
LING FIELDS nd Peace Prospects
- Jon Swain
nmander is a Puritan
– Barbara Crossette
n in Jaffna
- Economist
Need for Settlement
- Godfrey Gunatilleka e Indian Example
- Radhika Coomaraswamy
JNP Bogey ?
Anniversary and Im mit

Page 2
Our busir goes beyond
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| || || || Sirig i III. i: 3. pl. i tiš ti, i t. паун , . illi-Ti''' t Ljalg af E i 11, 1 Hy gif | ig
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Page 3
GAMINI COREA'S WARNING
Sri Lrk's forero ErraPrist frá UNCTAID's farrier Secretary-General, Dr. Gair Core M73 idades Wii, TFF Worff alriye Voice foi rraf SF7Tc7 // Chor y of Carr ) சேர r. ing of 7 Eileak ecaricornic furture if the preserf conflict refrairs
resolved. If f is N. M. Perer Memorial Lecture,” Dr. Corea frr:TEG foi f'We carrer f crið fra is economic iplications:
"Before I talk of the exterial eirorer ārld of īrera polife I II F triflersfrei III ohlfort LLLLLLYSST S CHHHH S S LLLLLLLLYS S LLL LL SLLLLLS
fre ir corfīderīce ir i Pe flesterne fller flere Hill he ari Ered to the internal conflict5 har er da Tiger or risario III / Erity. The Ele f : few year
as ready rider fried Ir ecolorry, weakered confidence Both locally arid Triad, and
d'ere SEffresce5 $ecurity purposes.
The Wirf Tre Trill He bileak ariad a Tad Lari predictable if all this CLIPPI I FILES, TWiiNS 75 772 ft T PE OCCISir yr ITVE FOI FECL 575 ff. Corpsex i 55re. Bef fr. Hill be recognized theIf thers ítre errполіїе дspecrs го г/те готrлшлст] fension in the country — starfiபோry he iாஜரது ஒரீ :- playerIt opportunities for the J'OETPii. We had a 14’arri ing of the irrest of youth in another for Pri fr 7 7977 I Féd this" - iso probably a factor in the present
TrīFi5 757 Hel.
But l'ha rever The relationship ћегиеет ошr есополяic perfогrлTrice arid Ozir polifical experience, the irred are need is for an end to the extreries of political conflict and to the violence that Hús gorie l'ith it. The prospects for our ecozority in the years alread depend on this - although Enn The Iorger run we Fray Hope underpir or F in terrial har FP1ợry | trill riger
ANOTHER TARNISHED IMAGE
The government and the media Core I inI II e r a carpillar Fr birerly' a Ebolu "Sri Larika’s “fra FFI is heal
irriage", the dirt of the world
Eelar tigri ir is the tirri , Ars E flife. rig 15feirir i'r lle
'rig the r friërs Fréde IJFft
The G.M.O.A. wery ruch iri | recen pass is
Wr ffig roles are sorry iri "Hiei fie Iried to Ecke Parre, Especial נPoliT=1 ומונת Ts &T) பி53ரirl fr fe55 foriāls.
The GMO4 a. PAHIM West report the ext "fre W.P.P. ree'er strike ::
Irres'. The Éléo fois (75 : vicios atrerript ta slander IV.g G so 7 ferry Footy foi i fiory fo disrupy Er fry", fhe GMC VE FEIJFF 0 IזIEIfi?זgf'IIחָקt ићich, if says, i'r fefef"
WILD
Life has cert, arld brighter f
(СопtIпшеd
ANR
GUAR
Wol. 9 No. 9 Se
Price
Published fo
Lanka Guardian F
Իվք. 2:45, Լ
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Ef for
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o l'ork e l'iderty
press and the Trior lobby. Nory errrierifיְוֶIhe ggז i'r prif roedd i ryfel
dock accused of ge 2 T Tr
,1酉亡配直、占己已门 Pig Fies iri forig "WE FEFEFEF".
I he reversal of y ffe Farrer goverifier has
fire GMOA's * T3 repr fra fiori cal independent -EmployedதF)-
| för a RLWPArast had par i try r: ச It? Éjl:Kéül THE f" da Cors ar a ή αιτία Τίλη ΜεσσίFFT !).3EFFrd (IFTE) y fe goverri'r Fferir MOJA”. Poirtting fratroduce legislaF TE AFMC).',
A". Press sifa fe
Fair. Eer of Fiew Coloro ospitals
“иїї лог go
LIFE
тілly go! gayer r the for fert
on page 3)
DAN
ptember 1, 1986
R5 4.00
rtnightly by "ublishing Co Ltd
Union Place,
BO - .
yn de Siliwn
도 구 도E
TRENDS
ETTERS
FAST EUCK
| hawe been enjoying the straightforward approach to national problems in your in
telligent publication for the past year and a half.
A5 a Amatical Hoti-L|- turalist I have been a kee observer of the carelessness
and ignorance with which western pesticide is introduced into the hands of your simple LLLLLL LSLLLLL S SLSLLLS LHaLaLaLKS S YLLLLLL S fore I send you an article which I hope you will publish for the good of us all.
I'll be going back to the US soon and would like to receive your magazine there.
John Wooten
Riy er dale Road Капdy
(More letters on ridge 2)
CONTENTS
Correspondence News Background TULF Proposals — II Anniversary Tributo Cyanide Martyrs
A Ruthless Puritan |고
rd Can Bhārd EChind the TarIII's LIVEF Foreign News 5. The Two Path Beford Us - TI Sport Book Ferigy 3. Towards a Conses Lis. II 25
Printed by Ananda Press, 525, Wolfendha Street, Colombo 3.
Telephone 3.5 275

Page 4
Correspondence
WHERE IS THE ETHNIC ISSUE 2
In thc Lanka Guardian of 15 August 86 the preamble to the TULF proposal, submitted to Mr. Gandhi reads:
"""The Tamil people gawe a manda te to the TULF || the 1977 Election to establish an independent state of Tami || Eelam" ".
Would it not hawn been more correct if the TULF had stated the Tami people of the Northern and Eastern Prowinccs of Sri Lanka gawe a TThärdate to the TLJLF ?
But did they?
- The TULF electors voted as follows in the 1977 General Election (% age of votes polled) :-
Northern Provico
Jaffna 58.5% Mullativu 4.7% Wawuni ya 48.4% Mannar 23.2 %
Total 42.6%
Eastern Province -
Trincomalee 58.4% Batticaloa 47.1% Ampara 25%
Total 43.5%
Bringing the gross % for Northern and Eastern Province to only 47.7%
- it must also be mentioned that One TULF M. P. crossed over to the UN P Government immediately after the Elections, reducing the number of seats
Won by TULF - 18- to 7
With 43.5% of votes poled does the TULF hawe sufficient clout to justify its claim, though provided for its manifesto, to set Lip, leave alon e The State of Ealam, even one Tam Linguistic state, or for that matter even one linguistic province eİther in the Northern or Eastern Province
- It must also be a II atter of Constitutional interest that
Article 5 of of Sri Laka, planning TIL: rëad :-
Territory of
5. The territo
of Sri Lank the twenty We distric Wow Flic ar First Schodt "ibri | wwait by the Scy to the intir twen Ly fiwr districts,
- It will be no
is no recognit nine pro’yince
the Maps of th Territory Artig: || C. 5.
How than do planning to in for the North Prowin::5 Cort Article 5, and rity SιIP Port . for the TULF Prowings 2.91 term Pryce average
47.7% in both
The media, national, give tii t the TU L
on behilf of Tam || Voters ( { Census 198| р LiCS) in the Eastern Pro win the Tamils in Prowices, who for the (TULF candidates), an to live in Реa with the maj Community, W presem ta' tiom irn Political Parti United Natior The Sri Lanka
e
Have Raji y G World been tal What of the of all Tamils an People of Sri
- The only Tamil
Congress) whic

the Constitution under which all it be limited,
the Republic
y of the Republic à sti|| Consist of
four administrats, the names of
Set out in th: ille, and its terors and amended Crith, A, mendmet 23.5 e d number of i administratiye
ted that there ion of any of the S appearing on Sri Lanka, in refered to in
di SCILI S5 ions and eet the demands er ald Eastern In Le in wiew of
Ywith the miro2f the votc.5 cast In the Northern % and the Eas43.5%, with an ity support of
provinccs 2
ocal and inter. the impression F demands are not only the leaving aside the opulation StatisNorther and Ce5, but also of the other sowen did not wote did not present d who continue Ce and harmony Qrity Sinha lese ith political rethe Multi-ethnic es e. g. The hal Party and Freedom Party
andhi and the Xe2r1 for a ridc ? olitical opinion di Tami-speaking Lärika ?
candidate (Tami 3 CCT tested the
Presidency of Sri Lanka in 1982, in an election covering a the nine Provinces was able to only poll a paltry 173,934 votes, as against even thin 48,20) wote 5 ca 5. for the TULF in only the Northern and Eastern Provinces
- Shouldn't Wa Wake up from our drea in and realize that all these events were a mere nightmare, a fantasy of the political Tagination 2
Where is the ethnic problem?
Colonel Lyn Wickramasuriya Colombo 5
NIKAYA SYSTEM
Ref. the short lotter by Mr. L. Samarasekera of Alberta, Canada in L. G. August 1 on the deplorable natura of the system of Nikayas based on the caste system.
A criticism levelled against any Party cor an in 5 Litutior if not constructive certainly amounts to Tiud—slinging.
There are five herous In Buddhism. These cannot be altered (a) Killing one's father 岛 Killing one's mother (c) Sheding blood from Buddha's personality (d) KI || ing of an Arahat and (e) Causing schism in the Sangha.
Cr“iT1 e5
Mr. Samarasekera is attempting to commit the 5th heinous crime irl hi5 endeavours.
Be pragmatic Mr. Samarasekera, be pragmatic. We can still afford to practico Buddhism within the rights of three Nikayas. A Siyam Nikaya temple premises is open to everybody. It is not necessary to show your credentials (race, caste, religion etc.) if you were to en ter temple premis e5 unlike in the case of a Hindu Kovil.
Remember that it was a Siyam Nikaya priest who crowned Weerahan nidige Franciscoe Fernando as King of Kandy during | 848 rebellion.
Dr. Ranjith Wickramasuriya Kandarna

Page 5
Gandhian
diplo
walking a min
Mervyn de Silva
PE Minister Rajiv Gandhi's tortuous and delicate diplomatic exercise as mediator in the Sri Lankan conflict could Prowe, at best a conflict-resolution essay as in Mizoram last month and for a time being in Punjab last year, and at second best, a crisis-management operation like that now being conducted in Punjab. But there's a basic difference between the Sri Lankan and the two Indian situations, which makes his job as problemsolver or crisis-manager unusually difficult. He is operating outside his terrain for Sri Lanka is a sovereign state, however much the present exercise itself may indicate an effective slippage of the sovereignty.
In short, there are too many players in the game, over whom he has too little control. For instance in the Sri Lankan opposition, especially the SLFP and its two informal partners the monks and the JVP. He has only indireEE Contro or influence Over two other key players in the game or to change the metaphor pieces on the board - the army which he can influence only throLugh the Sri Lankan government and the "boys' in the north on whom he can impose his will only through thy big boys' in Madras.
A single, totally unexpected incident can snap the chain of control, however strong. When a 29 year old bridegroom and the bride's uncle are instantly killed at the Amman Kowi close to the Jaffna Fort, the local "boys' can scarcely control the ediate explosion of anger on == -- : er contain their own is stion, especially when it happer = day after there is widely circulating story of a "ceasefire agreement'. (The BBC report proved to be premature or a gross exaggeration). That
incident was a illustration of
lately recognise Lanka is as a ssir friend Is Walki
His success Wi developments: (a table Governar and (b) how ef involve the ni final stage of process with a cote that Wi fortrina accord. а Іопg way to still engaged in
As regards (i. has been cowcro vances mada bl. strategic issue, a 'single lingui. salitised terri c consumption, Inc. a "tail homela
Tham there is Constitutional qu resolved, and perh
Given a parliam is suprema and C tarefa | matter anywhere how dogs one W. lative powers council which can according to the cies of this sam
This also appli power in a con a II power is wes tive presidency.
Of course you ducing a constitut and that's hardly to Natia Pa LIS II 0 - a Tigged milliem But there's the to catch. It Constitution"5 en and therefore it ferendum, C)mica

Dmacy: lefield
BACKGROUND
sad but telling course to referendum is not a how Mr. Gandhi choice unknown to Sri Kotha. d by most Sri
But in this instance, would it 1сеге and helpful be safe 2. Besides, President JR
d. ng in a minefiel is right when he argues that it
is exceedingly difficult to put the myriad questions relevant to the referendurin as an issue where a 'yes' or 'no' answer could be reasonably invited.
depend on two ) ппшtually accept-TULF Package fectively he can ilitants in the the negotiating fall Ce-to-face erill result in a So, there is 5 ti|I go for we are
(a). 1) much ground d and many adIt mot on the che question of tic unit', the
TRENDS
(Continued from page I)
perrera r sirnice 1977. It has becomie grin for about 50%, below the fond Starps" lirë, and it is gerting Pore and Flore difficir
Tiger för Silla :an ing normethelle55
d'.
a crucial legalestion still una Pos un resolwable.
ent whose power unlimited and agislate on any
at any til T1 e, est limited legisVincialםa BF ח
Tot be Withdrawn w hims and fae parliament ?
ag tit. IE: get It We |5 Li EL tio WFere Fed in an execu
can. By introoma arendent " r1eW to 3 Uri - ty that has given ES in 9 years : TA55 i WC C05Cİ ELwill touch the trenched clauses. requires a reagain, the re
for the rest as prices rise. Bill for all, life has became wild and fief.
Cririe, corruption, girls and drugs and hig-irrie rackers, and of course political patronage, With the freyrir a file cover-up wher somebody having powerful 'carLLLLLLLLS S LLLLLLL HLLSLLLLS S LLLL S SYLLLLSLL beert The Sri La FTKarl Scerte.
Gir fire breaks the Sierre per,ipri יווA fe .עg/Ihe stiricft/rir are in jured; a bungalow is set abke
Who ďHriť? Now We Have ľVo prirrie SL specrs riff CTF. Ze paraded, ff пог physically, at Іeast їл Ihe pages of the press: Talporti rerrarigos Arráf So I ferr Sirihala Insurgeritis II
Arid then other theories trickle through. . . Gag-isar? Poachers? Illicit geriners? Tiriber. Thigves? Factionať feuds at the Top? Politicos trapped in the hush?
The fruit is that it could be all this, Stich is the scene today.
3.

Page 6
MleWS Background
S.L.F.P., J.V.P. and the
“Strang bedfellows' scoffed 4 go Werni mcmit Stalwart but in UNP ränks Either the äfsected SCorn Tor the
simulated amusement could hide a new anxiety. | Li had star tard with Mr. Ari Lura
Bandaranalike’s call to the J.W. P. to work together with the SLFP against the government's Provincial Councils proposal. At the same hill-country rally, the Opposition leader commented favourably on the organisational capabilities
and zeal of J.W. P. supporters as compared to the SLFP's own Cadre5.
Evidently articipating a direct challenge in Parliament when the monthly extension of the emergency came up for discussion, the Opposition leader adapted the cald dictum about 'mo permanent friends or enemics, only permament interests' Ep justify a working alliance between the two parties, formal cor informal, in the current countrywide campaign agai rist gow grm TI em It's de Wolution offer to the Tamils.
Since the UNP has not been a paragon of virtue in the matter of ideological consistency or in the choice of allies (and enemies) the Opposition leader was ready with recent examples to embarass the UNP and justify the SLFP's preG (2r1 t o w (2r tLure5 to the JWP. Wasn't Mr. Vijaya Kumaranatunge, a vigorous campaigner for devolution today, the "Naxalite terrorist' whose thrcat to "assa sinate" UNP and SLFP leaders was the pretext for postponing general elections in 1982 and the choice of a referendu In? Didn't the government lock up Mr. Wasudewa Nanayakkara, another supporter, several times, as a dangerous subversive? Wasn't it the UNP which granted an amnesty to the JWP
The UNP speakers didn't actually say 'true, true' but they did point out that it was Mrs. Bandaranaike, the JWP's arch enemy then (and perhaps, still) who complained bitterly that the UNP had released men who had 'committed treason''. That too was true. Just as true of course as Opposition Leader
卓
JR's extended "' [ido]"" to the L Wyhl er the JWP i tered democracy, LI se of JWP supp polls, not to me political patrona
What de es a but a pithy con Cynicism of par the game of Pro'
In this iri 5tır assor to be lear The ethnic issue
chairged that til tha all-enco T Pais: it has now proc
scwrt test of t in telligence of
17 UTC: Sri La Passions are in W
a Sri Larkası, u Sober judgment, Cĩ bäläm Cg. Wh;
the individual the country's and the criting
The response hO"We'r er are la by the challenge ties presented to opposition. The Copportunities di align inents whi sense, sometime inclinations, Categories called and i Centro"".
The SLFP posi Gower illents off cus sell-glut" ta taking Sri Lanka or a step toward
The WP, har doctrinaire: and å "penco in i tia tiwe conspiracy of the supported by using Separātist as a Lool to sp
So the SLFP "ratura | a | Ilies' ir opposition to th
For til SLFFP larger considerat for a general el

U.N.P.'s new worries
hånd of CooperaJ. F. government mSLIrrection thrgaAnd the UNP's cort at the || 977 Lion its generous ge after wards.
this add up to
lmentary on the ty politics, and West,
Ice ho Weyer thc II L i Srih Öre serio LJ 5. is so emotionally 1 2 3 FC1s es to ing na Litfall cri 5ī5 iuced represent a he objectivity and ewen the mo5t ikan. Such deep olved that many 5ually capable of CSS his sem it holds true for 5 truer siti || for political parties Party system.
of the parties rgely determined s and opportunigovernment and Se chal lenges and srupt traditional - חםח B makimE s, of ideological thosa familia
Right' Left'
ition is that the ri5 a '"tre Clerthe separatists, 's Limitary statė ls division.
cteristically more nalytical sees the !" 35 a subte ridian bourgeoisie, US imperialism, Tammil chau winiS m lit Sri Lanka.
and JWP begge their wherent
UNP.
there is another ion - its demand ction a natura
demand from a party that maintains, and with justification, that the electorate was illegitimately denied a chance of voting for a new Parliament by the 'Referendum' of Dec. 1982. If the SLFP can exploit the situation to mobilise the people on this demand it can lount a sufficiently strong pressure campaign to force a politically and economically be sciged regin e to make just such a concession. So, the question we raised months ago becomes even more relevant. Can Mrs. B. do a Cory Aquino? Or to be a little more up to date, can she take the path of Brazir Bhutto
The SLFP is essentially a 'soft'
party like most parties of the dc Tocratic-socialist "Centre". It gets tough only when it enjoys State power. The JWP has faced fire and biim 5 Ecc. It has a youth base; it relies on youth energy, militancy, coiTi mitment
and organisational muscle pointing :lgair Lo a natura | al lia rice and a combination of complementary assets, the SLFP's mass 'wot'', and the JWP's special strengths as a chiefly youth movement with islandwide support as Mr. WijeWeera's 275,000 votes in Oct. 1982 suggested,
By the same token, the 'merger' is a danger to the UNP. For other reasons too, a particularly Worrying consideration. Cha uwinis II is at a high pitch today, and it was Mrs. B.'s younger daughter, Chandrika, now S.L.M.P. President who described the "ideological character' of sections of the armed forces as "basically chauvinistic' at a seminar addressed by National Security Minister Lafith Athula thmudali, Dr. Colwin R. de Silva and Dr. Neelan Tiruchewan. If her reading is accurate, then any regime irm the se extraordi nary circumstance5 where the ar ned forces hawe a ma w role in politics and Society, must hawe serious Inisgivings about current developments.
- M. de S.

Page 7
Part II
TULF memo 1
ANNEXURE - I
THE INTEGRITY OF THE TAMIL HOME-LAND
The Northern and Eastern provinces have been traditionally recognised as Tamil Speaking areas from the days of British rule. This was the position at the time of the British conquest of the Maritime Provinces of Ceylon. Sir Hugh Cleghorn in a report to the Colonial Office In 799 stated as follows:-
"Two different nations, from a verу апcient period, have divided the Island. First the Sinhalese in its Southern and Western parts, from the river Walawe to that of Chilaw; and secondly, the Malabars in the Northern and Eastern Districts' (Malabars' is used to refer to the Tamils).
Throughout British rule and even after independence the Northern and Eastern provinces hawe been treated seperately for administration e.g. recruitment of Divisional Revenue Officers, Assistant Commissioners of local government, local government clerical service etc. For all these purposes the Northern and Eastern Provinces were treated as a separate unit.
Under the Constitutions of 1972, and 1978 the Northern and Easter provinces were recognised as a single linguistic entity wherein the Tamil language shall also be used as the language of Administration, for the conducting of business by local authoritics and in the courts of original jurisdiction. These two provinces are predominantly Tamil speaking. The Northern province is 97% Tamil Speaking and in the Eastern province 75% of the popul=EDITH HWe Tami || a5 their note tongue. In the combined Northern and Eastern provinces the Tamil s Pealking People form over 85 Percent of the population. In the same way that India has solved its multilingual problem by creating
linguistic statest area i.e., the Niç provinces should Linit.
The preservatic of these areas as the Tamil people the agreements a the Tamili i I leade Sinhala parties i 1965.
The preservatic
and Eastern prov
homeland is intl hic security of it perty of the s Ta every wave of vic sands of Tamils these areas and settlement there. wide viclenee : 1958, 1977, 198 Government h: hundreds of thou had sought refug : WE thern and Easte 1977 as a result c. against Tamils ir ower 200, C0C0
plantation areas sands from other permanent reside and Eastern Pro'
When the Ta. became targets Simha la Amed fleeing across t | Ida. Thing influi: Into India did n: to 1983 bgcause from the Cathe
- were able to live
.E5םחWiסTק כי LW
India can go back provinces and if
bilitated and e safety the creat sisting of these adequate powers TTT | |5 is egserni number of these
between the age Hawe to be rehab basis ower the E

to Rajiv
he Tamillinguistic rthern and Eastern be made into one
on of the integrity the Home-and of
was the basis of nd pacts between rs and the major ո 1957, 1950 and
or of the Northern inces as the Tamil mately linked to
:he lives and Promil People. After blance sewe Talth o Luhawe teatured to
sought permanent After the Island
against Tamils in 3l, and 1983 the ld to transport
sands of Tamils who 2 in camps, by ships irland to the Norin provinces. Since if repeated pogroms the Sinhala areas
T || 5 TOT I
5eyer Tho Lu* area 5 ha WebCom C: Its of the Northorn Wils.
mils inthese areas of attack by the Forces they started he sea to South k of Tamil refugees it take place prior : all the refugees r sew eT1 pro winces 2 in safety in these The refugees in only to these two they are to be rehanabled to we in ing of a unit contwo Provinces with : In the hands of the til. A SLI b5 tartia | refugees are youths of 18 and 30. They litated on a planned tire Talli home
land and not in one province. The Sinha la Go Wertment W III lewer do this and the return of these refugees to their homes will prove elusive.
Historically the Northern and Eastern Provinces hawe been predominantly populated by the Tamil People. In 1921, according to the Go Weron Tent Censu 5, Tarm i ls Constituted an absolute majority of every district in Northern and Eastern provinces, viz., Jaffna, Mannar, Wavuniya, Trincomalee and Batticaloa districts. (The present Amparai district was part of the Batticaloa district till 1960). In the entirety of the Eastern province the Sinhala population was less then 5 percent. State sponsored Colonigation of the Tari argas with Sinhalese has resulted in the erosion of the territorial base of the Tamils. (This is dealt with fully in the section on land policy) Howover, Tamils today constitute 92.5 percent in the Northern province and 42.1 percent in the Eastern province and 68.70 percent of the Northern and Eastern provinces taken together. The balance 18 percent of the 86 percent of Tamil speaking people are Muslims. Giwen the chance the vast majority of the Muslims will throw in their |gt With the Tails and f devolution of power to the Tamillinguistic Liit comes certain suitable arrangements with the total support of the Muslims in the Eastern province can be made. Their leader's from the province have assured us of this. Fear of repris als against Muslims in the other seven provinces (who are two-thirds of the total Muslim population in the Island) is what stands in the way of their
:ಞ್ಞYin8 themse | Wes With the Ti Tils.
The vast majority of the people of these two provinces have democratically signified their desire that these area 5 be Ereated as the Tam|| homelands, in the elections to the District councils irl | 98 || The T.U.L.F. got an absolute majority of the Wotes cast in the Jaffna, Way
5

Page 8
niya, Mannar, Mullaithiwu Trincoma ||ge and Batticaloa districts. The only exception was the Amparai district which is most affected by Sinhala Colonisation. The absolute majority that the T.U.L.F. got in the Trincomalee District is an indication that a majority of the Muslim Woters also had Tade comon cause with the Tamils. In thig Batti calcal district silic se thiar two-thirds of the Woters voted for the T.U.L.F. in the District Development Council election5. ln the Trincoralee district elections were held to elect 23 The Tibers to parliament since 1947. 4 of these 12 m. Eers were fra 11 the Tamil parties, three from the U.N. P. three from S.L.F. P. and three werie independents with Tarini | support. It was only in 1977 that a Sinhalese member of parliament Was a lected from the Trin Comalge district for the first tima. In addi ti Cin C al Le S ra.513 TriComaloc has to form part of the Tamil linguistic unit for reasons of goographica contiguity.
Dr. H. W. Jayawardane stated at
the Thimpu Conference, con 12th August, 1985 that the Northern and Eastern provinces 'Would in
effect cover approxiTTiately 30 PerCerrit of the land area and 60 plercert of the sea-coast of Sri Lanka.'" In ewallua ting thig land mass which should equitably constitute the Tami || Hare lind, we should hawe regard to the fact that the entirely of this land is in the dry zone and is substantially undeveloped. Even in this area a substantial percertage of the irrigable and developed land has been settled with Sinhala People (e.g. Padaviya Alla, Kantalai, Pawat kuları, Mahaw|| alikularm and Ga|-gya Schemes), Cn the other hand no Tails hawe been settled in any of the irrigation schemes outside the North and East. In the Amparai District the Tajor part of the irrigable land has been settled with Sinhala PeoPle. It has become almost impossible for the Tamils to own praPerry or to earn a living outside the North and East. The Northern and Eastern provinces are economically backward and do not enjoy the infrastructure and the resources of the rest of the country ThLJS it wi|| || be soen that no prejudice is caused to the Sinhala people by
the incorporatio Wils to . .
ANNEXIURE
POLICE AND AND ORDER
Up to the ear a fair number in "lks of . force. There L recruitment to th tant Superintenc a fair number recruited to tha
Thr number off-Tr33 Cf || T. b|C for 3 : Lifficien to be post cd to a im The Mor Thi ; som a police Stati tn tion a "ca. 5.
This TT || ||
were now fourt taining law and o 1. ItC::15, Ew'C:In dLIri: cal stress and
Tami | police offic taimed Peace and tock a CLion Whi against Tamil p
But the te was
Sirice the la te nimi the police force b and when racial a 5ideratic15 come
singly || T1 portant
ment. There yttyä im tha recruitter th : lower as, y el of the Police forc Leon dighty S a bar in the police forc 2% in the Arle
This racist naturally reflecte of the Police tow, People, There w d'Erioration in police behaviour, longer observed r wegn the Singhale At first, passively vely, the Police f; ghalcesc, as again5
August 1977 wi and tragic spectac getting in Wolved d tacks or the T Jaffna, they shot

of the two pro1ցle unit.
— III
NTERNAL LAW
y ni neteen-fiftys, f Tarn is served le island's police gd to be direct e rank of Assisent of police and of Tamils were
rank.
if Tamil police is made it possit number of them | police stations ind East and to ons in the plan
Police Officers, wanting in mainrdcr i r the TalrTi i I ig times of Politi1355 agitation, ers strictly mainorder and even arewer necessary, oliticians.
a distinct change eteen fiftys, when ecame politicised nd political Conto play an increapart in recruits a sharp decline of Tamils to as higher rungs e. In th0 minee 5% were Tamil e and a miserable d Serviccs.
omposition was d in the conduct rard’s Cho Tatil || as a progressive he standards of when they ng neutrality as betse and Tamils. and later actw oured the Sin't the Tamils.
tnessed the sad :le of the police irectly in the at|mil people. ln
at and ki|| cd
Tamil civilians; they set fire to the Jaffna market and other business premises. In other parts of the island, they actively encouraged Sinha lese: hic od jms to attack and kill or injure Tamils and destroy the property of Tamils.
From then on, at frequent interwas, the police and Armed Services operated jointly to kill, maim and rapa Tamils in the North and East of the island. Property worth many millions was looted or destroyed. The burning of the Jaffna Public Library with 90,000 books, the da struction of n : wspaper offices and presses, the burning of house of Members of parliament and party office, the killing inside houses and along streets of 53 innon cent Tamil Civilians in one morning in July 1983 - all these and many were the reprehensible action of the police and Armed Services.
The genocidal attacks on the Tamil people between July 1983 and today are too well known to need repetition. On a modest estimate, over 5,000 Tamil civilians have been brutally murdered whole villages have been destroyed, many thousands hawe been rendered homeless and destitute. This is the grim record of the police and Armed Services of the island. Solutions to problems will naturally differ according to differing circumstances and situations. The intense ha tred between the Singhalese and Tamils, the bitterness left by the tragic events of 1983 onwards, a police force and Armed services who hawe grown to be dangerously triggerhappy, a feeling among the police and armed services, which has been nurtured by the political leadership, that they can commit any crime against the Tamils with impunity, the language barrier - a || these hawe to be considered when a solution to the law and order problem in the Tamil Areas is worked out.
in this background, the necd for a Stati: Police force for the Tamil areas is an inevitable conclusion. Whatevor be the form of Gowornfinent, bo it, federal, quasi federal or unitary, a police system with separate police forces that are locally administered, has been set up.

Page 9
England, Australia, United States India all have such police systems, although their systems of Government differ. There is every reason for such a systern in the Island.
The following measures are suggested to achieve the twin purposes of maintaining law and public order and ensuring the security of the Tamil people in the Tamil areas -
I. In the list of subjects to be transferred to the state there sha | | be a mong others — a, public order (but not including the use of any naval military or air force): b. police c. Jurisdiction and power of all courts, except the Supreme Court and the Appeal Court, with respect to any of the
Tatters transferred to the State.
... There shall be constituted in
Dach State Police force which would be locally recruited and subject to the control of the State. Such a force Will be LLSLSLL LaLL 0LLa L S LaLLe S LaLLLLLLLSS
There ha āg be Centrā Police Force.
3. The Superintendant of the Po: throughout the State shall west in and be exercised by the State and except as authorised by state under the provisions of this-law, no person, officer, or court shall be em powered to supercede or control any police function.
4. The State may pass laws provi
ding for preventive detention of persons in the Stata for reasons connected with the security of public order or
the maintenance of Supplies and Services essential to community. Such laws shall supercede any other law on this subject.
5. Composition of state police force: The State police force still consist of:- - - -e Deputy Inspector Gene
fe cf. police (DG) b. Two Superintendents of
Police (SP) c. As many Assistant Superintendents of police and other ranks, as may be decided
from time State Unit
The D[G sha the State by General of pc. Consultation W
ter of H long as he ser, he shall be ret Under the contr Minister.
The Superint sha I| be select in consultation Minister from a tant Superintenc
Direct recrui done locally a
a. Assistant 5
police
b. Sub-Inspect C. Constables.
The Superinter the State sha | b promoted as DI
6. Recruitment,
ciplinary contr made of recru of conduct an Ser"wice25 shaI| the State fror
Two alternate E ed to perform the
a. The State Pi consisting of Executive Com of the subject other elected Council, the officer and a P to be nominat Minister or
b. The State Publi
son which w perform the shal I co—opt th Judicial Officer
7. Training:- The Training Centro ing in specialis foren sic medici identification air shā bā centri
8. Powers etc:-
Members of H Force shall be
police Officers ordinance and procedure code.

to time by the
be posted to
the Inspector |licę (IGP) rith the Chief e State ard as res in the State Ponsible to and rol of the Chief
2ndents of police 2d by the IGP
with the Chief mong the Assisents of the State.
trment 5sha|| bg it three points
Iuperintendent of
O
Idents of police of e entitled to Bo G5.
transfer and dis. to Qualification, it ment, standards di condition5 of be plaid down by n tire to time.
Jodies are suggest2 above function.
li Coal Committee the Minister of Imittee in charge
of police: one member of the DG, a Judicial
ETT 12 titje ed by the Chief
: Service COFTT115hen Sitting to above functions 1e DG and a
Te sha || be State es but for trained subjects || |ke ne, finger print Id ballistics there al training Centre,
Ie State police deemed to be under the police the criminal They shall also
be deemed to be public servants for purposes of the penal code and the bribery Act.
The State police Force would be responsible for the maintenence of law and order within the State and shall more specifically be engaged in -
a. The effective protection of
persons and property within the State
b. The detection, investigation and prevention of all crimes Within the State
Investigation of offences against the State, offences in respect of currency and stamps may be undertaken by the Central police force.
In respect of any offence which the State Police Force is empowerd to investigate, where the Attorne -General is of opinion that su: in Westigation in Wol Wes i 55 Les of a complex and technical nature he may in consultation with the Chief Minister direct that such investigation be undertaken under the Supervision of the Criminal investigations department.
c. Enforcing the law passed by
the State
9. Special powers of Chief Minister
If in the opinion of the Chief Minister, there is a break down in law and order. Within the State
or any part thereof, he may request the Assistance of the Central Police force to restore
and maintian order but such unit oft tra Pie force sh, be responsible to the Chief Minister during its presence in the State.
O. President's powers:-
Where the Chief Minister requests or where the President publishes an order in terms of part III of the Public Security Act that Public Security in any area has been endangered he may with the concurrence of the Chief Minister send all or any of the armed forces or the Central police force the maintenance of public order in that arca.
Proviso: Provided that in the deployment of the Armed forces in any at times of emergencies, the choice of the regiment of the
7.

Page 10
Armed forces to be so deployed, shall be such as to ensure that there is no repression of any ethnic group in a State by any section of the Armed Forces.
ARMED SERVICES
To ensure the sccurity of the Tamil people it is not sufficient in the present climate, to have a State Police force only, Certain measures in respect of the Armed services too hawe to be adopted.
1. The Armed Services must be withdrawn from the North and East. The position can be reviewed by the President in consultation with the Chicf Ministor after a period of five years.
2. The composition of the armed services shall be brought in line with the national ethnic ratio within five years.
3. The creation of a scperate Tamil and Muslim regiment shall be undertaken.
JDCAL POW
There is yet interal la Way Tid consideration. J. State must go lative power at the police,
| . The 5 Ha || 4
the State
2. CL her subordi tribunals as ma
by the State sh
3. The High Co. be appointed in Cori5ultation I u5 tite and tH
4. Other judges
Čers Shà || b c Judici | Scaryi. consultation wi Judge and the Arnong other sound krho Wled
ARISTONS TOURS No. 5, Gower Street, (CCIÓ LOMBO 5.
Cables: TURNTIDE"
PHւյrlց :
FOR (MWELL OWER IA
ARISTONS
GLOBAL REPUTATION IN THE FIELD
ARISTON'S HAWE OPENED OUT N
EXPORTS IN AN ENDEAVOUR TO CON
Ed
ARISTON
5, Gowe Colom
588 436, 58

WER
another aspect of
ir der that Il 3 d5 Jdical power in the a long with legis - 1rd Coltro over
2 a High court in
La Corts 3rd b: dr. Lermiret a || b c c2 stablished.
Lurr Judge5 shal | by the President
with the Chief a Chief Ministor.
and judicial offiIppointed by tha 2. Commission in th the High court : Chicf Minister.
qualifications a ge of the Tam||
language shall bè a necessary qualification.
5. Officers and employees of the High Courts other courts and tribunals shall be appointed by the State Public Services comimission i 1 consultation with the Senior High Court Judge.
6. The State Assembly Ilay make laws as to the conditions of service of such erTiployees and officers.
PLANTATION AREAS
Tha Suparin tendent of each estat: in con5L | Lation With Trad: Union Representatives sclect a st number of Wiluntnor, from ã møng thø cmploy cũ5 to CInsure thr: security of such employces. They shall be trained in the usc of firinarms. They shall be under the direct control of the Super in tendemt of the CState and the qyeral | supervision of the DG of the province in which the estate is sitLJlt (d.
AFWAALF A
HAWE BUILT UP
OF EXPORTS AS WELL AS IMPORTS
IN NON-TRADITIONAL
NTRIBUTING FOR NATIONAL GROWTH
EW WISTAS
L}FFICE
NS LTO.
r Street, .5 סb
2 || D 고, 5 B || 0 3
ΟΕΛΙΤΙΑ ΕΥ
EXPORT DEPARTMENT I 4.0, Front Strect, COLOMO. II.
Telex: 2 | 302 | R UWAN

Page 11
ANNIVERSARY TRIBUTE
Mao as Marxi,
Thinker
N. Sanmugathasan
om rade Mao Tsetung was not CR, a great Marxist-Leninist revolutionary but also a great Philosopher. It is not possible within the scope of a single article to analyse all Mao’s contributions to philosophy. I shall try to dwell on one or two asic points of Mao's philosophy.
O
One of Mao's main philosophical Works is his essay "On conraditi"', in which le desa || 5 with the: Luniwersality of contraaLLLLLLLaH SH L HHaH aHaL S LLLLLL S LLLLLL how development takes place as a result of clash of the contradictions that are always present. The first sentence in this essay states; the law of contradiction in things, that is, the law of the unity of opposites, is the bagi law of materialis L dia|cctics""". It is a Tost Profound statement.
Contradiction
Si Tiply, this law means that fTOtiJr i5 inharen in 1|| form: of matter and that motion, that
is, development takes Pola C2 a 5 a result of the development and clash of the contradictions that are always present; and further, between the different aspects of
MAO
COMMEMORATION
A public meeting to comTenorate the tenth aniversary of the death of Mao will be held at 5 p.m. on September 9th at the Centre for Society and Religion, Dean's Road, Mara dana.
- hora) Con 11 min erTmoration
Committee
each contradict it identity and str through the pro contradictions a monon changes i Thus, Conrad ha5 |1 ore se the basic law
cric5.
A most syst of Marxist dia | the founders of st Engels, is be fi: his famous work This is a very because it refut fallacies spread Duhring. The mistake of Duhi had negated the
!İÇLİ corn. Hic he|| tibris * :rլ: : THä de a
Cα Ιη Prε of Duhring and theorie:5. Ha e that the law
was an objectiv He stated that tradiction, that are moving and c of inherent con that by the law * E If1:1|1 th - unity of opposit
r1 h 5 book; '" Hegel, the P. stated that ther, laws in dialectic (I) the law tha: qualitative chang another, (2) chi of opposites, (; negation of the
These wer laws of diac crit Hegel. Marx ar sed and affirms
* The writer, founc
C.P. met MgO

st-Leninist
in there is both Iggle; and, that, cess of developing thing or a phenointo it's opposite. 2 Mao Tsetung intence explained f Timaterialist dia
ematic exposition ctics by one of cientific socialism, յund in one of ; "Anti-Duhring' important book e5 all forms of so assidously by most important *ing was that he + law of contrad that contradicartificial. Engels hensive criticism refuted his wrong stablished the fact of contradiction law of latter. movement 5 conis to say, things leveloping because tradictions; and of contradiction law of the Ը3,
Science of Logic', hilosopher, had 2 were three basic is, They were: I quantitative and es give risc to One 2 law of the unity 3) the law of the
negation.
Le three Egi is put forward by |d Engëls recogni2d these three
er of the pro-Peking ürı four Crcasians,
laws but put them in the opposite order. Hegal had presented
the 5e Laws not als the Law of objective dialectics but of subjective dialectics. That is, he
did not regard those laws as inherent in objective things but only as govern ing the law of man's thinking i. e. in the logic of the think ing of men, in other words, Hegal interpreted dialectics from an idealist point of Vi SW.
However, according to Marx and Engels, the law of contradiction, the law of the unity of opposites, was a law that is inherent in objective things where as man's knowledge of contradiction 5 but a reflection of the objective law in man's thinking. Therefore, Marx and Engels had satirised Hegal and pointed out that he had stood truth on it's head.
Marx and Engels rewersed this
position and pointed out that these laws of dialectics are in horent in objective things. This
was made clear by Engels in his
''Anti-Duhring' and "Dialectics in Nature'
in Lenin's time, the question
arose as to which of the three laws of dialectics is the Thost basic. CorTrade Mao Tsetung refers to Lenin" 5 article " "On the question of Dialectics' and points out that Lenin often called this law (i. e. the law of contradiction) the essence of dialectics; he also called it thic kernel of dialectics''.
Although Lenin that this law thic kerne | af dalectics, he did not live to point out the the relation between this karna | and the other two laws of dialectics
pointed out

Page 12
Later, the philosophical circles in the USSR put these threa |w5 in differ om L cord Cor. || 1938, in the 'short history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" (Bolsheviks) Stalin put the law of tha unity and 5 truggle
of the opposites as the last, instead of first.
Comrade Mao-tung systemati
cally studied the laws of MarxistLo minist dialectics and de veloped Lonin's thesis contained in his work "On the question of Dialectics"". Comra de Mao Tsetung does not derly the law about quantitative and qualitative changes or the law the negation, Engels had dealt with all these things in his Anti–Duhring. What Comrade Maotung did paint out is that out of these laws, the Thost basic law is that of the law of contradiction, the law of the
unity of opposites. In this way, he has put this question in a monistic way. He has refuted
theory of putting these three basic laws on a parallel footing.
By asserting the Primacy of tho law of Contradiction, tha law of the unity of the opposites, Comrade Mao Testung Creatively developed solarxist-Leninist philosophy and dialectics.
“Correct Handling of Contradictions among
the people'
In this Work, Mao doa ls with the question of how to handle Contradictions among the people as opposed to how to handle
contradictions between the enemy å find ourselves. Hic | sc doa. His with the theory of how contradictions of different fitur es can be converted into each other. He also uses the law of Contradiction to explain how to deal with the struggle bEtwCarl clifferent views and ideas inside the party.
Mao had pointed out in his essay 'On contradictions' that ''Opposition and struggle between ideas of different kinds constantly occur within the Party; this is a reflection within the party of contradiction between classes and between the rew and the old in society. If there were to be
O
citridictims i no ideological s them, the pa!
This was th:
rra: - |:1'y of CCI tr:di, the unity of I cxplain the qui tion and strugg r": t. id":3,5 "With i5, 7 CT2 aEiv. Marxism-Leni is
Class Strugg
Arg terg Sti in a Socialist. Sot after the sociali of the ownershi of Production been accomplish class struggles centre round ch fight ower politi the conditions . of the proletar have to make re לSh Could W וחטוWh tiga? And hoyw out a revolutior
These Werc, q, raised by Mao in history. Mar: not possibly series of major |els i thir t that after the power, the def Eail|| remaing: ; proletariat and to stage a Com same time, the
Wyre incressam til talism and the a new, thLIS PICO:
the dictatorship . In order to cope revolutionary thr it, it was there strengthen the C proletariat ower time, here YY: However, Lenind Solwe these Pro
Still in 5 Trengt guarded the dic proletariat in th But where hic f, recogni sing, on th that cla55cs mc. exist in Society

in the party and
itruggle to resolvo
"ty's life would
''.
frr:5. El tirme that setung used the [tion, the la W of hic opposites to stion of opposi| 3 bet'ye eİı di Fein a party. This
development of
le
| class struggle iety, particularly st transformation
p of the means lins, i the main hed? Do ai || tha
in Society still e question of the cal Power? Under pf the dictatorship
Fiat do wye 5 till Wolution Against fe mak g revo | LI -
should we carry
estions that were for the first time x and Engels could
lawe Sowd this theoretical probille. Leni saw
a roletariat seized eated Bourgeoisie tronger than th Ը was always tryin 2-back, VIR: SfTia II Producers y generating Capicapitalist class sing a threat to of the Proletariat, : With the counter eat and overcole -fore necessary to ictatorship of the a long period of no other way. icid Eofore he could blems in präctice.
ened and safetatorship of the e Soviet Union. äilled was in mot e Hewel of theory, class struggles
through out the
historica period of the dietatorship of the Proctariat and that the question of who will win in
the revolution had yet to be finally settled; in other words, if all this were: To. hand ICd
properly there was a possibility of a come-back by the bourgeoisie. Howeyer, the year before ha died,
Stall corrected himself on this point, in his last work, "Sorne problems of economy in the
Soviet Union'".
Črne of the specific con tributions of Comrade Mao Tsetung to the treasure house of Marxism-Lenirisir Was his summing up of the revolutions in the Soviet Union, Chiili ärid other countrie 5 ard his conclusion that classes and class struggles exist through cut the en Lire historica | EP och from Socialism to Communism; that there existed the danger of capitalist restoration and the danger of the dictatorship of the proletariat being lost and subverted.
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Page 13
Face to face with
the guerr
Cyanide marty
to peace
jon Swаіп
e locked like an eccentric
but rich undergraduate. He had brash good looks and a ta The monkey called Bill, who furiously scratched his shoulders. But om å string round his neck he wore a suicide capsule filled with potassium cyanide.
Sung from his hip was a 357 magnum loaded with homemade dum-dum bullets that are capable of blasting a hole as wide as a saucer in a man. He boasted that he had made then himself by drilling a hole in the top of
ach Eu let.
At 26, Kittu is the most wanted Tami Lorrorist on this warm and beautiful is and of Sri Lanka. He has carried out a rash of bloody attacks on military and civilian targets here over the past three years, including the 1983 slaughter of 3 : il dicer S.
Today Kittu, a senior commander in the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, the biggest guerrilla group, has a price on his head of 0.000. Yet in the northern city of Jaffna, which his guerrillas have controlled for the past year, he nonchalantly chatted to me last Wednesday morning in a sumit wi||Illa 5 cented by tropical flowers, barely 10 in Uteg drive for the ma il Si Lankan army camp in the area, an old Dutch fort.
There was only a single Sentry 3t the villa gate, and Kittu was sitting at a table playing with his monkey. Books on small arms and the tactics of guerrilla warfare, cluding a well-thumbed edition CF Chie Gu eʼWl r:1ʼ5 rm eri13 ir"5. TFge fit tinkle of temple bells added
c the general air of fantasy.
"The cyanide capsules are the secret of our Success, "o Kittu boasted 'We know that ng human
being can stand III a out full-tim issued with the captured they un low the poison. cme of them ha: and cour Organ are itat.'"
Today the con violence from grawest issue facir of President Jay attempt to stop ha 5 come up with supported by in the Tamils exte their areas of t
In July modg cians spent || studying the pro to r gt, LI r ther : Week for more
Howelwc! It the Kittu expressed cated that the early end to ch bright. He said t yaygu | refu 52 to arris and would Tent reached b Toderates and government. Th the establishmen idPagem det Tı
and east
The Tigers are Eu errilla for te f rate state. Kit пап der in Jaffn: the Isları d's rtıq where 850,000 coTi Tirds Hurdre and ruthless carırı ot be ig rhor
For six hours t Kittu's "boys' mortar fire wit army in the most Jaffna had seen

'illa commander
rs bar Way
) to t0 TL1. TQ, 50 Terbers are n. If they are dertake to swal
As a result mot been taken live İsa tigri's 5Çcrets
tinuing threat of ha Tam | 15 is the Ig the government awardene. In an hic slaughter, he a peace package, dia, which offers nsive autonomy in he country,
ra te Taili i politidays in Colombo osals 3rd ar a dua
from || 1 dia this talks.
extra is 'wic's |ašt week indiprospects of an c troubles are not he Tamilitants 5urren der thair weto ary settleet weën the Tarn || the Sri La rinkä ei ai Til terThai med of Eelam, an mil Sta, të i ri th:
of Sri Lanka.
the main Tail fighting for a sepaL is their coil1, the capital of rthern Peninsula
Ta mI | 5 li wc, and 3ds of well-armed her. H* View5 ed.
he previous right, had exchanged Hi the Sri Lami kan : sus taimed shelling for many weeks.
A few days earlier two soldiers were killed by a mortar. This time there were no army casualtics but one civilian was injured three hou 52s were da maged and shrapnel spraved the Ashok Hotel, gouging a hole in the stairway and causing its only guests. two journalists, to pass a sleepless night.
The guerri Illas have been the masters of Jaffna and the Peninsula for the past year. In May, the ared forces mounted an offensive to wrest control of the area from the Tamils. The guerrillas repulscd the attack and the army has since remained behind its fortifiCăi tio riS
The city in fact, is under dual contral. Go Yarn ment employees continue to collect their salaries from Colombo and keep the essential services functioning, but they do not dare to take a major decision without Kit tu's approval. As Jaffna has been withou a police force since the police station was blown up, law and order is in the hands of the guerrillas.
The ultimate penalty is death and recently several Prominent Tam il community figures and suspected inforriers hawe wanished, their lifeless bodies found hanging later from lamp-posts. One recent wictim was the head Taster of a wellestablished Jaffa school, who ya 5 murdered om Kittu 's orders for the crime of playing football with the army.
Two moderate Tamil politicians were kidnapped and murdered, probably to deter any others who favour a political solution. Their da aths hawe prevented A. A Tirtalingham, the leading Tami Inoderatic politician who is negotiating with Jaya war dene's government, from Wenturing to Jaffna.

Page 14
The popularity of the guerrillas in Jaffna has plunged as a result of their outrages. A few months ago when they broke the army's offic Insive and forced the soldiers back to the heavily barricaded fort thro was a ့်မျို႔ါ atmosphere in the city and the people were right behind the guerrillas.
Now there is despondency and among some Tamils a growing fear chat the guerrillas are gradually slipping out of control. One man, a committed Eelamist. a year ago said pri Wa Lely that he feared the future. "They are in danger of turning into fascists." he Said. ''Perhaps wa hawe given birth to a Frankenstein monster.'
There is a 5 trong and persistent air of fantasy about the whole place which begins on arrival at the airport where the beat of helicopters is a wiyid reminder of Wietnam. Nothing could bo morę in congruous than the Northern Sporting Rooms, Jaffna's club, where found a group of gentlemen betting on the 2.30 race at Ripon,
People are confused because their fear is mixed with gratitude to "the boys', as the guerrillas are known for having 'saved' them from the excesses of the army,
A Tid the Y gurrillas ruthles is also a genuine them in the pe to recognise t has for cod the Tent to comp. agrees that the how to disarm convince them negotia ting tabli
Kittu insists boys will wett. arranged by tha ! mgTL.’" To Tha he says the Ti tionary socialist aiTi is the crea party socialist :
This revoluti 1ot rmatter i f t“ not S to 3 tror 1 g. fact is Lihat the organised and at including Jayaw In ent and the backing a settler
In the last 5 cipating that in would arrange : that they coul of Tamil Nadu their sanctuary the Tigers hawe est rilla training car
A Ruthless Puritan An
Barbara Crossette
the world's roster of guerrilla leaders whose strategic
brilliance is matched by their
ruthlessness, people here say they
have added a name.
His followers call him 'Tamby' — Tami I for ""Litt| Brother", "" Velupillai Prabakaran was born 32 years ago in the north of what is now Sri Lanka, the center of Tamil nationalism.
QwEr the last few months this leader of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam has risen to the top of the ethnic separatist movement that threatens to split Sri Lanka, a nation of 16 million people.
Mr. Prabakaran's Wiolent seizu re of power this spring in the northern city of Jaffna, a rebel
2.
stronghold, cos|| cast 175 fellow inyo | w:d the ki|| prominent rival ritis. We The incibors of Mr. F ization and Sri officers.
He is an in r of plans for being discussed govern Ilent anc Tartils.
It is a Tatt thar Mr. Prabak responsible for bings in Colomb ding the destri Lanka jet and 1 graph Office. Lanka, whether

orries about the
behaviour there desire to in wowe Lce process and at their struggle ri Lankan govern
omise. Everyone Sticking point is the boys and
La Corte to the
forcefully. 'The any settleitnant ri Lankan governalar rTı of rmany, er 5 arg: rte Woluwhose ultimate ion of a 'ontate'".
3nary zeal would c guerrillas were But the chilling y are much better med than anyoneird one's govern, Indians who are liem t i rimagined.
ix months, antidia and Sri Lanka 1 Peace deal and d be forced out in southern India for several years, Iablished five guerrips around Jaffna.
Visiting on 2 20 minutes from the city last week was a chilling experience. Boys of 15 upwards in neat Tiger camouflage were being instructed how to fight. Boobytraps and demolition were on the syllabus ånd at one point trainees had to monkey-craw across a rope strung between two coconut trees 20ft above the ground and directly ower coiis of barbed wire.
Already after only one month's training the recruits moved in disciplined formation. Eighty of them hawa been passing through the camp every three months. Not all went into the Tigers' fighting units. Those who did were immediately issued with a cyanide capsule. "One is never Lao young to dia''' said Kittu.
Nearby was the 'Tamil Ealam Ordnance Factory' a private house surrounded by a bouganvilla hedge. Thero six men directed by a renegade government servant were each day turning out on a lathe 25 six-inch Tortars fled with rusty iron filings. "We prefer our own mortars to the or 25 We have bought' said Kittu. "They have a batter killing power.'
- Sunday Times 10th August, 1986.
nong Tamil Guerrillas
the li wies of a L. Tamis. It also | ing of his most in the Tamil sepat, according to rabakaran's organLankan military
insigent opponent
imited autonomy by the Sri Lankan more moderate
of debate wheran was directly a series of bomthis year, incluction of an Air 1e Centra| Telout people im Sri
for or against
the Tamil cause, seem to agree that the rise of Mr. Prabakara and the Liberation Tigers has
changed the face of the decadeold insurgency.
"The Liberation Tigers were always viewed by us as the most disciplined and rigid of the Tamil militants," said a Tami in Colombo who has no ties to the separatist movement. "They have an unwawering commitment to their goal and a puritanical approach to their life style. It is almost an order rather than an army. No drinking, no girls."
To ethnic Sinha lese, who constitute 74 percent of Sri Lanka's population, the Liberation Tigers "are the most fears one of the

Page 15
groups fighting the army," a Colombo resident said.
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam -- the la 5 word mea T5 stata in Tamil - are one of the oldest of more than 20 militant separatist groups among the Tamils, who make u PIB percent of the Population. The organization was formed in 1972 as the Tamil New Tigers, taking its animal symbol from an ancient Tamil kingdom's flag. It was reorganized in 1976 under its present na me.
Much remains un certain about. the bitter fighting between the Liberation Tigers and the less violent Tami || Eelam Liberation Organization that led in solay to the death of Mohan Sri Sabaratnam, the eader of the Tami || Eelam Liberation Organization. It was followed by an attack on that group's exile headquarters in Madras, India, and warnings to
all other Tamil zations that di: longer be tolerate
Residents of Tigers control : city, say one of Prabakaran’s ori; a Way its o PPI Om en guerrilla groups wed in petty this lawlessness, whic the cause.
Nevertheless, Prabakaran is "a a skiller." They sible for, among assassination last Tami former mit
t
* Prabakara thing of an enig lectuals Who beg for ethnic rights of Sri Lanka la
Islands
can be
shar
This is how peace could return
he government of Sri Lanka
God Tot Bush about the "concession' It is offering to its Tamil minority. By telling the Tamils that they can have - at long last - a genuine degree of autonomy, the government will dismay those members of the Country's Sinha lese majority who believe that small Islands need only one, central, governпment. In fact, the tight-little-island idea is a fallacy, when the island in question contains two lots of People who feel markedly diffeTignt from each otheat, Irland"5 Protes tant Thinority insis L5 on separation from the Catholic-run part. Cyprus's Turks will accept only loose confederation with its Greeks. Few now question the division of Hispaniola, New Guinea, E. If the offer of more elbow--- For Sri Lanka's Tamils leads - Element in the negotiations te recen on August 16th, cre of the World's more end3 Els 5 E = cf boodiness may at I=ST B = =====
UTE ELE June, President Junius Jayewardene's government
had refused to EEričLJE HITCLJПt Tamils, despite a in which the guerrillas had a few Hundred II 10,000 Tigers no a powerful con E was pushing the make a deal. T Could slot beat t alone, just as bombs were 5. capital, Colombo Which finance Sri ment budget hand 20% this year, might pull out var went Gn. I been helping the talk to Tam i 15, up with the gow to be more flex
'T Tani t
So, on the da donor5" meeting the Jayewardene an offer that Ta want to go the հog ought to b,

separatist organi55ent would no
2d by the Tigers.
affna, where the arge parts of the
the resor|5 Mr. ganization swept is was that other ad becomme in wolavery and general h was discrediting
officials say Mr. | thug, a bandit, hold him responothas atts, the Summer of two Tibers of Parlia
=Eתחם 5 - 5 חובוחם"ח וח Tā to Tam intם חם וחWeטוח the חa. within the bounds
ሶየ ።
In a society still very conscious of caste, the intellectuals and professionals are quick to point out that Mr. Frabakar af is of Iow Birth. He is a Karayar, a member of a fishermen's caste, and had only a few years of schooling.
Tamils say the political theoretclan of the Tigers is Anton Balasinga nin, a resident and citizen of Britalim. He and Mr. Prabakaran tak about establishing a socialist state.
In an interview last year, President Junius R. Jayawardene said he did not believe the Tamil rebels were supported by foreign governments. Most di Plomāts agree, saying that Tami | exiles have raised more than adequate money for guerrilla Weapons.
Sri Lankan officers say they fear the Tigers hawe or may soon get SAIM-7 missi||cs, which Would EFTeater Colombo" 5 Iast link With Jaffna, an air route.
New York Times
ed
O Sri
hand over any of power to the growing civil War number of Tamil SWollen from 1983 to possibly w. Bu t by JLIna ilation of forces go Wernment TO The army said it he rebels by guns T; toist reading to the
Tha Countrie 5 Lanka's developd over an extra but hinted they ext year if the India, which had 2 gQWerriment LQ Said i Was fed enrient's refusal tEle,
O
у before the aid in Paris in June, government made mi Is Who I do not whole separatist e able to accept.
Lanka
With One addition, and de termined Indian support, this new offer could settle the matter.
The government proposes to set up nine provincial councils, which will be given money by the central government but will also be
allowed to raise some revenue themselves. The Provincial councils will run the police (though
top-ranking officers will be P. ted by Colombo), and will have some control over the distribution of newly irrigated land; the Tamils complain that Sinhalese are now favoured When such land is handed out.
The TULF seems to be attracted by the provincial-council idea. The trickest remaining question
concerns the Eastern Province, which is divided fairly evenly between Tamils, Sinha lese and
Muslims. Until recently the TULF was demanding that this territory should be merged with the largely Tamil Northern province - creating, in local miniature, a mirror -image of the Island's majority
(Continued on page 4)

Page 16
Behind the Tamils'
(From Our Special Correspondent)
the Jaffna peninsula, the Tamil guerrillas' stronghold, not everybody is impressed by the latest effort to end Sri Lanka's civil war. The government's offer to give provincial councils wide powers is the first of its kind but many Tamils in Jaffna say they hawe heard peace talk before, and it is always followed by more fighting. In other parts of the island the army and the guerri | las are inflicting brutal repris als on civilians con both sides. But in the 50-mile-long Jaffna peninsula, con the northern tip of the island, the guerrillas hawe got the soldiers bottlad up, and the fins el v CS maintaim order,
According to the local guerrilla
commander, the Jaffna peninsula contains 1,500 guerrillas, threequarters of them armed. The
guerrilla group now running the show is the Liberation Tigers of
Tami || Eelam. In May the Sri Lankan army tried to advance up the peninsula and was driven back; 5ince then it5 1,200 m en have seldom ventured out of their I camps. The soldiers in the old Dutch fort in Jaffna town she the surrounding buildings most nights. They hit, a Torg other targets, the bar of the
Ahsok hotel where the journalists and diplorats, Who are tha on foreign visitors, stay. But Jaffna's residents seem remarkably untroubled.
The buses that used to make the run from Colombo, the capital, in eight hours now take W. The road is potho 2d and som gtimes mined; bridges have been da stroyed. At each of 13 checkpoints passengers are ordered off, their luggage is searched, and the soldiers expect the driver to pay 100 or 200 rupees ($3.5 or S7). After the last army post, at a place called Elephant Pass on the narrow strip of land that links the peninsula to the mainland, a boy gets on the bus with a bowl of Sandalwood pastes for the passengers to mark their foreheads. The marks show they are Hindus, and therefore Tamils,
14
Few ruck dri
the rum, so mr scarca and exp There is no coo cine. Fish, form stay, is hard to year, the gow
fishing off the c här der for the g arris across from The peninsula': Lor of 350,000 by more than 10 cother reas. No which marks th the war zone, abandoned and fii The reminants, cf administration 5 t electricity and But the official justice has coll: locals have set u handle civil disp,
The Tiger 5 doa|| cases, and their The banks, which often, hawe gi w or the Bank of Cay is running out of people simply salary cheques The guerri llas ta Tä | 5 || 2 yi C5 from perous inhabitants wise enough to pa
The Tigers, PLI ritanical, hawe bars that opened police forca coll The cinema car thrcę pirate tel have started up, the Tigers put programmes from Titter with a Stect-core a a news Service W each evening.
Until recently, the are 3'5 fThñjim im. and the export people to the ri - helped the Tig cmployment brc cruit 5, But Toy in charge in Jaff ing to keep its

TeS
vers Wil│ make larly things are : 113 "g in Jaffro:1.
king ga5 or medi2rly 1 local main3 Corme by; last : rri Terit banned Cast, to Take it LI Cerri | las to bring 1 | ndiä. -Bulaסק #1וחGrחר 3 has been swollen ),000 Tarı i|5 frörı rth of Wavun iya, C beginning of Tost hol 5 es are 2do un cultivated. Jaffna's ciyi | iam ill run its water, ther ser wice 5. machinery of I p53d, and the P Committees to Its.
witH 'crimin'" justice is rough. got robbed too up, except for lor", and Jaffn banknotes; some arid ower their : Q shopkeepers. x cigaret Les arid the morg proswho are usual .lyם פוחסrק קש "ל
ho are a litto closed the || lega|| up after the
ipsed last year. It gat films, but 2 "Wis. El 5 tilt i 15
ind twice a week out thair own a mobile tra 1516-mile range. :kboards provide th War bu [ |gtirns
the collapse of ustries - fishing cf Professional
SE of Sri Larki 3rs, because unight them re
that they are 3, they are trynhabitants busy.
They have started small factories which make soap, jam, fruit juice and arrack, as well as Tortars and grenadcs. Jaffna's people are visibly scarcd of the Tigers, but dislik o the army ewen Tore. They want Peace: but unti | lt comes they are grateful for the local calm the guerrillas have pro Wilded.
-- Th1 Eculo T1 i
Islands . . .
(Cortin Lied fram page (3)
minority bitterness. Now the TULF accepts that the Eastern province could be sliced up into mainly Ta mil and Thainly mon-Tami 1 parts. The government should be able to go a long with that. The present Provincial boundari es Were drawn by the British around the old kingdom of Kandy; when politics change and populations shift, it İ5 Sensible to draw me y lincs.
President Jayewardene deserves Si Ipport. It has not been easy for him to do the right thing. Many "superior''' Buddhist Sinha ese hate gi Wing an inch to ** infariar" " Hindu Tamil. The main opposition party, beating a Sinhales drum, has attacked the government's proposals, All the more important that Mr Jayewardene should get the backing he needs from India. If a peace dgal is Struck, tha Tamil guerrillas based in southern India who have lately been behaving like straight terrorists - will try to destroy it. India's Mr Rajiv Gandhi says he will throw them out if they do. The government of the South Indiam State of Tami|| Nadu, where the guerrillas hawe ther camps, seems to be willing to help. Indian performance does not always match Indian good int3m tion 5. This timo, with r2a | | Ind... ian help the Tigers can be tamed.
- Editorial (The Economist)

Page 17
N.A.M. 8
Why the target
eports from Harare as the
Zimbabwean capital prepared to play host to the 8th Nonaligned summit, confirmed our impression that the South African crisis Will owershadow most other issues debited at a conference which is the world's most representative gathcring outside the U.N. And when South Africa is discussed, thc Third World's guns will point at the United States and Britain. Both but more particularly the Reagan administration, its spolk CS men, and sections of the western media will || Ing that mother M.A., M m 3:- ting has conducted the customary exercise of LS-bashing. The Nonaligned arc mot "genuinely" mornaligned the a III—too Predictable Ciriticism will go.
Yet this time the NAM will surely hawe an effective and ready reply to that oft-repeated objection. Did the NAM or its Africal members create the crisis o was it South Africa arid its bruta | racist regime Was it NAM membes in the Color wealth which resisted the idea of sanctions or W5 Briti Wl5 NAM or the US president who denounced his own Senate for proposing "soe" salt Iris?
Th: this is bihird this familiar öttäck Kim NAl• is that it $h. Cụ |

Page 18
of propos als for arms reduction and showed 5 c3 |T1 : 'willing"E:38 ICO PETIT iit LELL LLHLGGLCLLLLGGL LLL LLLLLLLLuuLLL LLLLHHHS LLLLL LHHL0L convinced a lot of worried people LLHHLH ST LGHHCC L0 S LL LL LLLLL LLLL La
LLLLLS SL LLLLL LLS LLCCGOG LLSL0 GaLLS Similarly on Asian issues, it is. Mr. Gorbach cy who h:15 tiken the initiative, and it is not merely a matter of Style, although it is abundantly clear since the first summit that the Soviet leader is now beating thc: "Great Com ITUnicator" at his own game by wi|| || ing to makic bold, fresh and imaginative moves which even the Soviet Union's critics are obliged to 5 it u P and corn sider, An Asian-Pacific Helsinki may take, as Mr. Kapitsa explains (see
interview) ten Heiki What is the read less positions, identif corti pramises thiä Bere äri duc We to the re tral or regional
"We require ; with traditions c king. . . with view: War and pea Co, . . national security' Wladiwostok speed til F" Ekster" wiew the best k. regional affairs, t bathew on its
KAPITSA INTERWIEW
ASA-PACF
Ir The emprar sive Trid self-corriffader f' 5 f, le typical W IV F77 r.y Soviet officials, Deputy Foreign Milf iris Ter Mikhail Kafif sar lisriss Ed in (Iri inferi fel 1 kill
s“ RE“ / EPso Mossros () r"- sal for a V7 Kill-Asia Yi Wort '77. Excer F fs follo 94":
"Asia is the higgest contiferit ir i se it': 'la', 'i' rilie large':5! caricerar rificar of F7F7 la fico I, 5, a Ted J'el II is The F}{5 ! Firth l'oy (21 o ryfirleri Yy. Sirice se Er. cf' Ja'far'ii [dar II flere? Wi'E? IFF Y Ffi 1ựirs, grid currf''If'' #fforo fire for tir i'w girls Corrir i'r Hirwg - i le? (I've i Wo Weir Ečisť s FT71 (JF), the Iran-Iraq far, Afghar) is rai fifrd fri friedo Cliffiti,
N'fy' i'e 7 rei f f f f effer y ff.) y Pie 2. I sif ceir try', 'hiery file regio i'r Hill be fire og riffs of the frost dyramic fis í fríviries. So 'e' rritušiť s hirik a hrať WCT 17 14'e sare going f o live (777 t/half ca. Yfire TT f (Irid hasi HE (Ire fa tackle the seririty and errari problepas
"fairg.
- No le ave the extre 2 Europe. Hith the ( 1973) Helsinki Cayor erre ir l’olying (Ill the nario is of Europe, Plus the US ciricí Čá 17ádka. Hris' f'i is gra 'e' TK, (a code of" heha violi r ( 14'lı ich has
alle ''Er''), FrČPFTE foi r J" () J'E''Tr5".
Sa ' ' arr Fire ir Alf? Yů sifa Tiy I is filii OK, sa ir rook : ro ger Helsi iki 71 y fue ir sill e 1'er 2''' '''Tri aj fire're f dye, 30): ::: I
*Alt / Nelsinki, st reiligthering 'i', Sir II fr Asir oанто Нring re: Fr : Carder: CFS i trate iyi sfer: dahi of egge, The red. fie creării I of ,
j'ree Zuries, rire
fie entiroririlerii,
f' W. El 777 r. Cyrff". c cử, "If) rolic o co"tỉ"ỉf
* Sir pose the rédu feels, the derr a filifies florg lartes of cor i rrituri ra cor fidence-Fi
"Sorro 521 h So īF Urrici 7) is illi I ii ii'ii Ii I'd hi arally' Four rel' Asia

years. So did matters though to re-think old possibilities for t are mutually e broad y conduction of bilațT, İCTE.
a radica break if political thini Cn problem of
and or interElle Said in His th which inspired
Economic Renawn Jornal of o put Mr. Gor
cover. With a
ten-page report entitled "MosCow's Asian initiati wes", edited by the Review's diplomatic correspondent Richard Nations. Noting that the breath of wis i cm informing Gorbachev's appaal was characteristic", he highlighted Moscow's new approach to ASEAN, the rew Soviet presence in the South Pacific, tha troop-withdrawal announcement, and his cat for Asia-Pacific Ói: armar12 ccmference to reduce nawal forces, remove foreign bases, and control Inuclear Weapon 5 in the arca — a proposal which captures the spirit of Sri Lanka’s Indian Occan Picace
zone e 5olutici il the UNI in 97.
- JAY
C HELSINK
for irr proports. Fire
fra Wii'e' ri Peace
H'e try to do the He raj hraf the ferer i r ir Asia. "correl ei glir y es r.y
Ierīčer 1','1', L) ü品g 凸,'了 pr o si fo - Eri e i is frit''
the ruber as rders, b'lur sovre filiis cypric'lı tlits. (JFK, iller's 2. MLFor "3 Cf3 f7'erτης μr. Σε μιτιαν criar of Fries, rticlear year () is preservator / τής ελ Ρακινίαr: rand Ilie regions l'.
Αντίον ματι εί η Γοrif o'r cyf.) 1717 etj se 3 rri i lira r) e il 5 cryf i'r Eifio' ge? Ioilirg Frier's Life 5.
| half of the - Irii Europe arrad 7 Frefera Ey! e jy
v TJ 715, 14;"JEll'
We don't Tsk for Creditsor this i feiffer. I’e 'ë' c'&dire fefef; Jror als Courtrie. Lér 11 shirk (2}orf the ProJosé7ls PI's for werd Ey Iridia, by Iridiocrire, l’hy #7ot tetike Lupo rheo Mi forigi?!iaa iiitirative a sign I converiffor of for-aggress for Fict 707-ise of frre fur the Iliiaris / Asia Thı ev ir?ıp () riarx If things fis ! () ge? 5 i arted.
'e 'art frnerica í g Parficipate. But the Pacific helargs ra e'er 1'hebdy" — f) Fiji, Mr.5 relia, to all who live there. Sa i'her ( US Deputy Dgfrieg Serrefary Richard) dro) ir sage 5 anys Iar Ilie harderi rf the US erI FFI 5,ťJČ)) vries forori de Adrierir Hest Cerrask, og tre i fx rubbish. - I'lare irripe rialism! - 7 rad vir hyd y ca7 77 gree if" Ar 7 refire fries for Colieff the Perciffe in to fr, fr. ferriti orke.
''The US has 3.N. a ses, six Tircraft-córrie" i "łe group (Irid The si reorgeš i fleef i'r flre 14'Cr''' based in the Pacific. A rid they
Aereo for'ir'ig' fojo fore'areo 7 77 £ ili? P77 ilir ar y lloc ir The Pacific: called the Pacific: Cor777. El Fairy".
Ef 11h 1. do I’e regel fri af flev
WF


Page 19
Part II
The two paths before
Godfrey Gunatil leka (C. C. N. H.)
in this context, the positive role which India and the Star of Tamilna du in particular, Can play can have a decisiwa impact in accelerating a political settlement and creating the conditions in which Tilitant Tamil groups move from Tilitary confrontation to the acceptance of a just political settlement. At th 2 samo time, Tore positive and broad-based contacts and relationships between Sri Lanka | India, and tha State of Tamilnadu need to be established and strengthened to promote better understanding of the complex nature of Lhc ethnic problem and its repercussions for each Country. This should help all parties to make a more objective and balanced appraisal of the real Situaticrı and create the goodwill and support for a reas omab la Political settlement.
In this commcction the initia tiwes al ready taken by severa nongovernmental groups as well as
members of political parties such as cho LSSP and the SLMP arc in the right direction. A constructive dialogue with Tam ilmatiu political leaders can make a Wital ccm tribution to tho реасеfц| resolution of the conflict. Such a dialogue ought to be promoted at a high political level.
Adjustments between now and the political settlement
However, the speed and success with which we reach a peaceful settlement would depend witally on the behaviour and the responsa of the Sri Lanka people to the trials that they may have to face in the immediate period ahead, between now and any effective agreë ment om a Political Settlement. There i 5 great Concern among al II peace-lowing citizens that the new Wawa of Wiolence and terror which h35 reached the South may lead Cinc aga ir to a back-lagh of retallatory violence against citizens. After the violence of July 1983, one of the most hopeful aspects
of the prescint developed has E that has boon the common ps to irt with re. if thic fac: cf : irl Luman acts
: Yi || 15 Cm litt groups, li i5 in the greatest
people | icts. II. i able to protect tha micist of wicnce that a 5 Would be a El "irחaוחdrl huוחות מc, LL al hicri Laga tic World and main and discipline of: society. It is o 5.1-22 in c|Sf2a of Worro arid and Inity Lo i present situatic moment of gre Lanka. The was Tcy Wayi|| d2.tr of Cour society 3 ni bu | | | fr" { our children.
Sri Lanka || 5 which urgently in and 35 sisti 1C2 C community, both of the present
5 FT or CT political stabilit and support de our ability to m conflict and thi generated with for justice and rights. This mE heard in every and wherever E The Politica | Lead tions and the me propagate this it ever present is of the Pepole.
The recent acts ted by militant g in discriminately have beg:| id i Ffore2 other manifesta

US
situation that has несn the capacity demonstrated by op | c as a whole son and restraint se wera 1 bruta l irid against innocent ed by the militant this capacity that strength of our 5 on ly if we are
ad rzew it i Ti the terror är: sı, il 5 u 5 that wye to preserve Our y, uphold our 5 Piricoursely es and the tain the stability An orderly civilised nly then we can ting the objectives restoring peace tour country. The
in in fact is the test trial to Sri the people act mine the quality
which we preserve ourselves and for
a small nation acids the goodwill if cha international for the solution conflict as well Iomic progress and y. This goodwill tends crucially on lanage the present wiolence it has a profound concern respect for human 55age has to be horne, in Schools, eople congregate. ers, party Organisadia must constantly message and kecap the consciousness
if Error" - Tiritroups and directed againsit civilians 1 t frorm1 a. IrmgJ5 t a || tions of violence
LaL GLK LHHLK LSaLHHKLLLLLLS LLLGLLLLL they be army repris als or mob wicience or is läte H a ES of wic|- erce. A || th:53 acts of WinCrce, in what ever form thay manifest themselves, have to be uneqivocally condemned. However, in the 5 tra Egy cof corrorist wiol cerce which we have recently witnessed there is a dC liberata and Premcdiated rejection of all human conside ratiori5, which r 2 mot am Cindab: to the com Littlig å midi : " C Lions mormally available to society. People of all communities, including those groups which hawe regarded the struggle of the Tamil militant groups with some degree of sympathy, must explicitly condemn tese act 5, T1 e i riterra tiaria modia, the advocates of huma ri rights and other on-governmental groups who enjoy søme influ##1Cẹ among the Tami 1 militant groups and who are abo | e to reach theiro tiam scienco 1u5 t voice e i lora corderration and -reats an er wIronman. which can become an effectiw sanction against further escalation of Wol once.
The terrorist acts in the South hay e created an en witt i 1 erit cos distrust and Suspicion which if affecting all Sinhala-Tani relations. Tamils living in the areas outside the North and East engaged in their legitimate occupations and pursuing their normal activities, tend to be perceived collectively as security risks. The evidence that Storme of the acts :: Jd na E hawe be 2m ton mit Cecil with go LI LI i Ilwolvement of persons in the South, has reim fored LH || 5 Fili; tL IS. LThere is no doubt the people as who hawe to be il a nyw state of constant wigilance and år times S.
The Civil Defence Commission, which is being established by the gavernment, Can serve a Very usefu | purpose if it strengthens existing precautions and introduces new disciplines which can Habituate people to take preventive action as well as respond in an
7


Page 20
orderly manner and take prompt
remedia action when terrorist outrages do occur. An efficient system of this nature when in
operation, should help reduce the traditional sens C of insecurity that can be indiscriminately directed against all Tamils living among us. The routinics which can ensure this state will then apply without cb Wious discrimination. Pocies Which single out Tamils as security risks in their places of work and adopt measures which keep them away, as has happoned, can have far-reaching consequences in destroying what remains of the trust and confidence between the Sinha lo se and Tamils. The dilemmas facing the government in the current situation are indeed extremely difficut. Nevertheless, Ù፡ ነዖ ( ̈ " effort ha 5 to be made thfဝဲဖုံး stricter security systems where appropriate and more discriminatory identification of security risks to enable Tamil citizens to continue their normal lives. The longstanding relationships of trust and friendship which cut across ethnic divisions, wherever they have grown need to be streng Lhermed and nurtured by the people of all communities during this period of ordeal. Trade unions and workers in work placas must dewise maans of ensuring security without fur. ther eroding Sinhala-Tamil relations, and the Tamil sense of citizenship as Sri Lankans. The peacelowing Tamil people must thernselves work together with the other communities to help in dispelling the mounting fear and suspicion. Religious bodies and non-governmental organisations Can provide the leadership in these efforts.
The response to the brutality of the terrorist acts committed by the militant groups has to be balanced by an honest recognition of the tragic conditions in the Morth and the East, The action of the security forces to deal with the present situation in resulting in the deaths of many civiliaris, the da struction of ho Tes and the large-scale disruption of normal life. The decision of the security forces to resort to aerial bombing and coastal attacks by the navy are drastic examples. We are fully aware of the military
8
reasons that law justifying some . has been pointe aerial and naval at essentially efforts C.C.C.C. i 'Wi:2 CC W: " | Wcrc carrying ou tions. However realised that the sale military a involved in aerial are normally unde national warfare cks åre directed tory and when t for protecting ci assumed by the ment. In the E innocent civilians those attacks wi cffort on the pa
protect them frc of the attack 5. TI tion, of in terra
to methods of Wa has to be avoid: Repcated 355uran given by the arm are conducted w Con Carr for Civi effort is made te out of the di The imposition c awoida rice of direct an sottlements and anta cit2d as exar the nature and sc; combat is such takan by the arm Tamil groups in t to repel attacks aΓΠηγ Carη Ρς, μην great suffering f civilians. The o cof safeguarding | ending the pres moving with utin a political settle not done, the pa us into conditio Si do re ta lates violence and en; of mu LLa │ des trt soon bgcormë i rrë enormous da Tag |ife cherished by The success with solution is acce mem tad wi|| de the concern and of the state for crity of non cc in the North ar. common agreem El T T Kit. SS|

'e been urged in Jf the 5 a acts. It d out that the ttacks have been to prowide profor troops who . Security opera, it ha 5 to be method of wholet täck which is and nawal attacks 2rtaken in interwhen such attaat hostic terrishe responsibility tizens has to ba
hostile governif(SCrit situation
are expo5 cc to th little or no rL cf the Stata Lo m the consequ2 refore, in si LL| conflict Tesort rfare of this type 2d at all cos G. Ces have bean y that operations "ith the ut most iam life and every o keep civilizans ett li ni af fire, if curfews and the ... attacks or civiliPlaces of worship през. However, lle of the present hat the actions v to attack armad heir locations, or by such groups on 1riably result in or Tom-brmbntat 1 ly effective way tuman life is by :n violence and lost speed toward Tort. If this is th before: Luis |eåds 15 in WhIch säch with increasing ages in a process ction which will versible and căugă 2 to the way of 2 Yery Community, which a political sted and impleend crucially on the responsibility :he the large majribātant ciyi liris d the East. Oc: it | 5, ... that the me responsibility
for the deaths and damage caused by civil disorder and insurrection. This is reinforced by the charge that the civilian population as a whole is hostic to the government and sympathetic to the armed struggle. Such an approach will inevitably alienate the majority of civilians who will realise that they cannot look to the Sri Lankan government for support and sucCour. The static must act clearly on the assumption that the death of civilians and the damage to Pro Perty, in the course of military acticam :ä || s for Som form of rclif and rehabilitation.
Establish ment of the appropriate machinery to provide such relief in the Case of Civilian gri evances and losses will help a great deal to rė 5 to ra com fiderice and to create the conditions for reconciliation.
Post-settlement phase and militant groups
We need to give thought right now to the problems which will face the country, particularly the North and the East, after a political settlement is reached. Indeed, the in ponderable character of some of the issues in the postsettlement phase the vagueness and un certainty effecting many of the Tamil groups taking a leading part in the military action, has a direct bar:4 ring om tha: Settler T1 et. It rus.
influence their approach to a settlement and their willingness to accept it. The essenti al con
sequences of a settle Tent would be hopefully an end to the armed conflict, and thic establish ment of a system of provincial devolution within the framework of democracy for country as a whole. All those involved in finding a solution to the present conflict must give Careful consideration to the future of the militant groups and the way they accommodate to the new politica| regi Tic. Here: again various groups which have been sympathetic to the militant groups and cxtended
oral and
ma L. Crial Support. Lo ther can help in this critical phase of transition, Can these
groups, after their long and bitter experience of violence and terror, transfor the Ilse was into Tairstream political parties within a
(Continued on page 21 )


Page 21
SPORT
Will Kipling’s
unite or
t a started with Ash is Nandy's Sää ecture in Colombo on Ranjitsing and Nationalism. Using Nandy's provocative reflections on Imperialism and nationalism as a point of departure, a Sri Lankan writer contributed aṁ article to the Hong Karg-based Fur Eastern Económic Review which posed the semi-serious question whether the cult of cricket IoW spreading through South Asia, and old colonia outposts like Hong Kong would help re-unify the fragmented British Empire. Or would the fierce conflicts of the field splinter the lately establi
hed S. A. A. R. C ?
In his weekly column Travellers Tales, editor Derek Davies, them made a marginal comment (May 22) of the divisi wa for:C25, at Work in thë | Tid i år sub-continent, while cricket-lowing readers from Washington to Singapore and Malaysia joined the lively debate on the current crick et craze. Finally, Ashok Mitra writing from Calcutta reported on the Australasia Cup in Sharjah which sti || beling watchcd on TV Scrcers in Sri Lanka by enthusiastic fans.
The Ashok Mitra article and the | Catter 5 ard to Triert; are takan from issues of the REVIEW Published between May and July 3.
Traveller's Tales
Only a few nonths ago, many of the political clouds over the Subcontinent appeared likely to roll away; now they have thickened again. Perhaps the onset of Ramadan, the Islanic month of fasting, will help reduce the temperature in Pikistär, where the rima 55 cmhuslarını inspired by Bernazir Bhutto
divid
must Hawe take ABack, and in B the opposition's : prised the authc tered the electi '''party-less" foi challenge. In Woices of rode again being trov screams of extr. President Jurius ! that Lirl||25,5 milia ( for the Tamil sel reas the F || | — other wis 2, h3,
Licorn (2 di Sri Lanka of cricket, as re de Silva (REVIEW the Subcontinent throats.
And, only a f ago, Prime Mini: see Thed to be ti: heat and light relations with Politi :S -- amik o!
- always seem way in South A best lacks a c
the worst are f intensity."
Leather, Will
Mervyn de S May) must Su bowling off the else ta t. ting on to say that thc mystique" Was ago.' Kipling, “flannelled foc|5 hardly conferred this legalit gam: que has departe the very last Get match at Lords started Wearing

flanneled fools
e S. A. A. R. C2
the government angladesh where trength al 50 surrities and threaon. In Nepal the "Tiu la i5 und 3 F India the Punjabi riitior It org wned out by the mist:5. And Tgw, ayawardene states Cases its support rtist, erust might of the army enWI5 ages a Parti1. Ew iam the game borted by Merwyn W, May), has set
a El cach cather's
w 5 crit morth:5 iter Rajiv Gandhi aking much of the It of India's its neighbours. F course religion
to get in the 5ii, where 'the or viction, while
ull of passionate
Derek Dawes
ow, mystique
mystique ingers: the game's most Cricky ball, the 'googly," is also known as the 'China man though neither the Middle Kingdom nor its Nanyang progeny hawe taken kindly to the game.
The other prince - not mentioned by de Silva - to reach "the
pihnacle of the game" bgsides Ranji and Patau di was Ranji's "the very
nephow, PEPY: perfect gentle knight'" (Robertson Glasgow), who played for Cambridge, Sussex and England. T2TTiT SIT " "Tot L. ""
Anand G. Chandavarkar Washington
Bowled over
Anand G. Chandavarkar (LETTERS, 3 July) was obviously trying to | T press with his "" inti Title”'' knowledge of cricket. However,
he goofed. Bowler 5 ara left- or right-armed and not left-handed as he put it. Batsmen, though,
are described as harmidad. Johor Baru
fleft-or right
Ho Fee Ying
Defending the "apostle'
i Iwa (REWIEW, I rcly hawe been wrong foot, or a sticky wicket, The Kiplinges que 'shattered long who snce red at at the wicket" any mystique on :, Truc, i Is mystid, but only after itlaman vs. Players and when batsmen he||mets. B. Som
The recent 50th anni warsary of Rudyard Kipling's death beca The another occasion for rewaluation. Some critics continuod the rescue operation started in the 1940s by T. S. Eliot, from the ideological Right, and later by Edmund Wilson, froT1 the Left. Whio the sold literary virtues of some of Kipling's poetry and a few of his stories do indeed make him a writer of quality, his quintessential work earned him the accolado "Apostle of Empire." That judgment abdes.


Page 22
Thank God you made the British Isles and ta LugFit me how ta play, | da mor Warship crocodies, or bow the knce to clay. Gïwe mic d will o wy waund and I With Fridri drid Cark grid tylné from century to century will gambol round my shrine.
Reå det Aman G. Chadlawarkar's reference to Kipling's "flannelled fools," (REVIEW, 5 June) does not meet the basic point I made about the '''Kiplinges que mystique.' The Imperial or der received moral siste face from a code of behaviour which bore a quasi religious Sanctity. Thus ' not cricket' was the ultimate taboo, an instant reason for ex-communication from the Englishman's exclusive club.
For reader Chandavakar the mystique departed with the last "Gentleman-versus-Players' match. Not so according to Birley's well-researched study which argues convincingly that the distinction was new er wery real, the great Wictorian 'gentlemen" being capable for the most unspeakably Caddish things like su borrning Lumpires. The religion of cricket flourished nonetheless to portray the Englishman as a special breed whose exceptional values were epitomised by the great game. 'In the golden age,' writics Birley, its god was Kipling's and Sir Theodore Cook's and Newbolt's — un doubtedly an upper-class Eng| ish rTh3r.
Thus, surely, 'The Chinaman,' one of a lesser breed, an allusion
Originally to the rival German impérialist 5 BUL in fact to al| breeds save the Bulldog. Who
else but a 'China man' (the racial Slur is clear) could be bad enough to bowl an "off-break' with his left arm to a right-handed bat.
If I did bowl off the wrong foot, I was only emulating the example of Lala Amarnaith, another great Indian player who did just that and with stunning success, sir. Chandawa kar looks to the pawilion for cheers but I hear no applause from your readers who obviously saw no straight drive to the fence, only a feeble attempt to steal a 5tready (checky ?) single.
Colobo Merwyn de Silwa.
O
Recently, the 3 m i mber of arti As an avid reader
would like following definitic
CRI CKET
Yg Lư Hđựg twợ sĩ Üng teamı that's
that's aut Ald When the side The side that's
tries to get t And when եgth :
and teen nutoL է5), That's the end c Hyoya ?
Radh1alKrish I
Hongkong
Chỉ Tiā's Crffbr=
sem do Wr a |etter (LETTERS, fusing the "goog bowled with a with the ''Chilar ai osbreak bowle or side of the Handst bayer. T from the Chines A Chong (West Indie such bowling tho. pioneer it. The N duce a cricketer
A har H G
Washington
Wrong region
Arnard G. Chrii Eunately seems etc
again (LETTERS, correcting his pre 5 Jung. This Limë
a cricket, ing error Chinese Word, N:
Chinese literally S335"" or Chr:: r : Chima — i effect:
The Japanes e equi and in my own C it is. Na myo,
As Ellis Achong other side of the
Indies), Nanyang i produced him. Ewi: writer confusedly
Word IIl gat the CI
Singapore

EWIEW F135 rum Cles on crickar, 3f your magazine, o submit the of cricket.
des in the field,
In and the other
that's in goes out, CU CONTES I 1 T 1 d ose Corning in out. fides, ha ye conne in ut (including the
f tfie 8 וחםE.
1 a Narasiıı han
alk
"no ball" in my 5 June) by Cony' (an off break egbreak action) man,' which is H froT, the back and by a lefthe na rile derives bowler Ellis 25) who practised gh he did not anyang did proof status. i. Chandawarkar
dawarkar LurnforI have bungled
3 July) while wious letter of : though, it isn't it's over the anyang which in
means "South gion south of
Southeast Asia,
ivalent is Nanyo na ochow dialect,
was from the a world (West could not hawa lently the letter thought the hinese diaspora.
J. Chia
Cricket frenzy unites a disheveled
Subcontinent
By Ashok Mitra in Culcutta
When India met Pakistan om a cricket pitch in Sharjah for the finals of the Australasia Cup in April, at least 5 million of their compatriots were gathered around TW sets for the occasion. It was a dream final. The las ball of Lha match : Pakistam wis if it can score four runs or more from it. Chetan Sharma, the young Indian bowler, plans to deliver unplayable swinging Sorker; he ends up bowling a ta rre full toss,
which Jawed Miamidad, the Pakistani Swashbuckler, heaves for a huga six; |ubilation In Pakistan, gloom in India.
Cricket and the people hawe come together, at least in Sri Lanka, Pakistan and India. Tran
Eister radios followed by TW have been the catalysts. The British departed almost 40 years ago, but their quintes sential gift, Cricket, remains. Thanks to Australian Kerry Packer and his channel Nine, the colonisation which is Cricket is completo. And in India for one, it is the major unifier of a fractured nation.
Like the legacy of the English
language, cricket too is a many splendoured phenomenon. In the Caribbean isles, it has been
rendered into a most joyous weapon with which to torment the White folks. It was not quite so in the beginning. The West Indians started playing cricket much in the manner they sang the Calypso : man, it †ဒို(es you feel great-bowl a sizzler of a bouncer, make an impossible Catch in the first slip, launch on a fe rocious Cower driw ge.
Things changed in the 1970s, maybe as a consequence of an indiscreet remark on the part of Tony Greig, the English captain, om the eye of a West Indies tour: "We w|| || Take them growell." Monotonously, for the past 10 years, the Caribbeans are showing who will make whom growel. In 10 successive test matches against the West Indies,


Page 23
England has gone down to ignominious defeat, and controversy whether the feat is to be described as a whitewash or a black wash.
Cricket in the West Indies ha: currently reached such a pinnacle cf cxccllence that talk of competition from others is treatcd with a contemptucus disregard It is a facinating combination of brutality and Poetry, as if cricket were thic answer for the ignominy of the slavery and indented labour spanning beyond four centuries.
Come to the Subcontinent though, and the game has a diffe rent ambience. Its colonial-impe rial antecedent has ceased to matter Rather, cricket, you will be told with a touch of Pride, links the Commonwealth nations together, And since the World Cup final
in 1983, when the Indian team defeated the West Indies while millions watched on TW, it has
been one long frenzy.
Im India 25 in the West |ndigs cricket has attaired an intense political significance. This nation is usually in sixes and sevens with i L5 elf, li diri Gårdh I was 2 natural inspirer of di wisiwe ness ; her Policy of centralising pQWEr and resources has been the progenitor of friction and tension. The ad Hea iwe e 55 of the Nation, af Outsider is en Lille d suspect, is more an aspect of i.
靡
Scan the nation's newspapers: gory killings in Punjab, sullen animosity between ethnic groups in Assam, caste and commurial rict: in State after State, ria LICOLS battle over finance between the government in new Delhi and the non-Congress administrations in more than half a dozer States. And fights between draught-plagued states over water rights or competing to entice industrics threats to reserve jobs for only natwe 5 corns ånd daughters, wociferaus protests against the Imposition of Hindhi on those not born into the language. From the newspapers, it seems the nation has already fallen apart; only a
fuzzy laziness o other's part still
Things arc di iri territi orali riwhether at hof While th is dishew Cld ratic the Werge of ch Eether, a uniqué tion, Cutting ac of language, Cast city, sex, regic cu | b) 2 l te: St leisurely, waari et one-day species, of the match, Satelli L3 til Th : i : gay abandon : Nine itself, the of it take charg
Strangers troc
room, for you The neighbourho sing cigarettes
irisiä || 5 l. Ti Tiāt customers and and watch ther fortunes. By
offices and fact within their prer in those places dccline. Ideolog porarily disappe: member of parl as Wociferous adjournment of arch reactionary the floor, so t gether can witn qui || ity of the
the suspenseful the match.
As the dat 2 i portant interna announced, sale: domestic and of re-adjusted, 3r at least that p. matters, the dgstitutie me Wer in a single-mind
TW programm other occasion
criticism: they La foist Hind groups, they
ruling party's they are lower ethical standard display of comf

In somebody or keeps it going
serent when an ket match is on, I O Wested 5. on, India, the m, constantly on 35 CCIT 25 to:ly integrated naross the barriers religion ethniand class. It match of the y or one of the For the duration
W corties alive. hired with a if not Chann |
national Wariants
Ը:
P into your living hawc a TW 35. ,, od shop dispenand soft drinks ut e Sct, efna bling assers-by to Stop lation's fluctuating popular demand ories instal sets risorsi A, tterdance registers a steep ical divides temar. The leftwing iament is about n demanding an the House as his colleague across hat the two toess, in the trarlegislators lobby, fra 0 Gyers of
of the next intional match 15 of TW sets jump ice Schedules are
d the nation - rt of it, which ungry and the
do - is joined
ed objective,
25 arc on every ha but of Scyrc: are a conspiracy
on the other ava become the ropaganda piece5, ng the nation's , their excessive ercial advertise
ments threaten to give rise to a vacuous consumer culture, they are ruining the eyes of our children. Live telecasts of cricket matches are a different proposition —— the de månd is to hawe more and more of them.
It is a strange denouement. India, a nation in different forms at war with itself for the past several years, discovers its united Persona only when indulging in an imperial legacy. One is stil not sure whether it proves any
thing. Certainly it is not just cricket, but cricket as it is served up, with all its allure,
real and ersatz, on the TW scrocn.
The government in New Delhi, worried over the assorted squabbles afflicting the nation, has kept constituting and reconstitut|ng a national integration council, strengthened the armed forces and the internal security apparatus and tried out diferent educational and cultural formats In
order to bring the people of the land together. But with hardly any success. Suddenly, cricket on the idiot box has
emerged as the grand concilator. TCC wis: d cricket, while it is om, is the opiate of the people. However, as with the narcotic, ಙ್ಗಃ too thc affect does not
5.
The two paths . . .
(Continued from page 18)
democratic system? Would they be ready to accept the electoral verdict of such a system? Can they be rapidly absorbed into normal responsibilities which enable
them to re-integrate themselves into Society? At present, with ready access to weapons, and
ability to exercise authority over the community, backed by their military capability, they enjoy a way of life and wield power which they will have to abjurc, if a political solution is reached. These crucial questions of the postsettlement phase have to be speci
ally addressed by all those who are involved in the negotiations for a Political solution.


Page 24
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Choose strong, durat of kin-seasoned hardwo albizzia and sal igna in so be assured of the ultimat
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refined setting
Timber DN
d, Bambalapitiya, Colombo 4 0515


Page 25
Book Review
No room
Paul Caspersz
Yvonne Frigg & Thomas Bibin. The Undesirables: the expatriation of the Tamil people of recent Indian origin' from the plantations in Sri Lanka to India. Calcutta: Bagchi & Company,
| F.
Some things hit the headlines. and
Others, equally important even sensational, just don't. The opening up of the plantations, the
coming of the south Indian workers, their plantation corrals, the den i al of citizenship to them in 1948 and | 949, their en su ing statelessness" the Indo-Ceylon inter-govern Ilhental Agregments regarding them, the actual implementation of the Agreements, the January 1986 Act to end state lessness - each event following its predecessor with karmic consequentialityfa ||, most of them, most of the time, into the second category.
The fate of relative oblivior seems t ex Licend c Y El to ČČT1, T11 : ( ) the facts. Such Commigerit, ha 5 co. been wanting, however - of, H.N.I. Gooneti| eka's selected bibliogråphies in Voice of the Woiceless, the Bulletins of the Co-ordinating Secretariat for Partition Areas, Nos || -5, August 1980 — June 198|| and the five published volumes of his A Bibliography of Ceylon. But notice taker of all Sch cornment has been relatively sparse and tardy.
The book presently under review does mot seem to have es cap cd the fate. It was first published in |rdlä in 1984. So far, this is the first public notice directed to the book in Sri Lanka and probably |little or ma rice: ha 5 beim Laker ew ser ir ridia .
L ELELLHHLH LLLKL 0 C HL0LHHLLLL LLLL LLLLLLL “ Swallows in Sweden". she Wisited South India and Sri Lanka in 1975-6 and was quickly shaken by what she | eart of the situation described in the book. Thomas Bi bin has been a frequent wisitor to Sri Lanka sine 1970. He, like so many other foreign guests in
in the
inn
our country, has te kimas; cf
being different. fr. turn of 5 LIT-32 ach
nized by i LS SLco : plantation worke for both is the bo
The first typ F historical backgr till of the arri workers in the |9th century to tion Agreements By these Agreem to grant its citi to India 600,00 Ceylon agreed to and I" til 3F5C 975,000 having b boLh 5i kies as bagi the riu Tibert of 5" the is laid '94,
Not in deliberate SPQak of expatri; of repatriation. mor : CT missio matÇd that ab cu of the plantatio permanently sett
try. Ten years acks Re gration raised
É0 per cent. Fin Soulbury commis5 80 per cent of people was Per T Ll. C cultural integrat |longer than per IT - as the experie into other to show - but i settle Ileft that : patria for the
their children.
Wիtil the m immigrated from Sri Lanka in thi they faced hards to those of the ito the Ai Eric carlier centuri g: the British to Enu system and the Pol on the base - plantation societi

been taken by our people but, om the ordinary Couris LS, has a goping short at the irs. Thc result ας.
apters sketch the ound from the wal of the Tamil fi 3. | f of L. : the L wo Repatria|| 4: Frid || F. ents, India agreed zenship and Lake persons while
grant citizenship OO - the figure een accepted by ng approximately ta, tele55 people i r1
ly do the authors ation rather than The Donoughin 1928 astt 40-50 per cent workers was ed il ti5 collatter i 1938 port on Immithe figure to a II y In 194á the on reported that the plantation anently settled in Tiplete SocioChשוח takes חסו anent settlement nce of is II migrants tries has also L is permanent hould decide the immigrants and
ğı alını d worm 2rı South India to a 13th century hips comparable Africas hierdigd as as slaves in They helped ild the plantation antation èCOnomy hero as in other es — of the grin
ding and continuing exploitation of cheap imported labour. The Agreements of 964 and || 974 hawe ford Lhotu Saids of the Ti to retur to the districts of South [ndi: fr-2 m where their am 23 tors, cf sewe ra! generation 5 ago came. The 20th century journey is no less fraught with hārdship and is more la dem with anxiety tham the journey of the 19th. When all this happening to go many people in our own country, in our own day and time, The Undezirable5 Tak 25 i impossible for anyone reading it any more to clam an albi.
The four chapters in the middle of the 8-chapter book contain a great number of firsthand interwiews which the authors conducted in India with persons who had arriwed fro 11 Sri Lanka. Th inter wie wys have bee recorded de | i - cately and bear internal evidence of autheriti city e Wen in translation. Most Heart-teridifig Ferhaps arte the en con Eers which the author5 had with those who went with high hopes to their sonda Lur ort ancestral village. A thousand memories of this Willage had been handed down in the dark line-roof af t1 g Sri Lankar e; tats fram th 2 elders of one generation to the children of tho next, conjuring up yisiml; of tha Wolders of a heri Lago that had ba en sur randarad only for a time. And what is the reception accorded in the Sonda his simply be yourם , טur?'''Ch n ur. If you Say you had land here y 2ars and years ago, it must hawe been sold or mortgaged long ago. Now there's just not enough for you and for us. Go away - away!" Um desirables twice ower, only death wII del wer them from the wretchedness of earth.
The two final chapters of the book are un fortunately too Tuch a crimarious and tot little construtiwa. It is; LTI : Lha broder Wision and more carciful consid cration of the citizenship laws of chcr :Colum Cri:S made independent in the after math of the War (Continued on page 28)


Page 26
YA
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Un match ed in qua
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lity food and drink
ܠܹܐ݉ܓܠ ܐܠàܓ݁ܶܠ ܠܛܠ ܠܓ݂ܶܠ ܬܨܠ ܐܠ


Page 27
Parf II
Towards a coi
Radhika Coomaraswamy
NDIAN CONSTITUTION
9. Before discussing the actual provisions of the Proposals, it is i Ti porta Tit to note that Thärı y of the principles and in fact much of the language in the propos als and in the draft legislation which F15 Euleri circulated is drawn directly from the Indian Constitution. However, the Indian Constituti Ti is the resu | of a different political and legal process. Constitutional provisions are often copied from other societies, this is not new but one may have to make adjustments to suit o Lur own reality. Two aspects come to mind with regard to the Indian Constitut Grl Tha first is that the Indiari Constitutior Es i federal orie While Wye ir Sri Lärka arte trying to Squeeze devolution within a unitary framework. Ths dián CarlstitL Eior in its very structure recognises the sovereign will of the regions or states ours does not. We can scrap any scheme with a 2/3 majority in Parliament. Thair's is a political devolution, which is recognised and secure, ours is attempting to be a political decentralisation within an administrative framework. Secondly, the India Constitution was drafted just after the nationalist mowerTent when trust within the Indian polity, especially trust in leaders such as Nehru and Gandhi was extremely high. Nobody was thinking in ter T5 of maximising safeguards against the Centre but accepted a genuine
give and take. It is only in th. O'S that other issus em Ç:rgcd. In cur context, these
provisions are being drafted at the height of our national conflict in which the Te is rio trust and very little goodwill. Safeguards then become important considerations especially in a unitary framework where the Centre as I said by a mere 2/3
majority can St. altogether. Gis främs: '"wark, wh power regionally than 2/3 of natic this gi was a CO2 in Security Ironically, in ri the papers and 5tatement, it a: āti grā grg tÇ gi W e any S to the Shales.
II. WHAT
INCLUD PROPOS.
FINANCING:
|O. Il ci5Cu55ir let us begin wi included in th
which is essenti is to succeed. most important there are no Finance. Presum, worked out
itself. Given the
agree that one why the DDCs s3ח there wi5 CT1ë Would hāyg be one of the pects of the pr there is sortieth ment that lawy i Economists fear x;Luré "C" cF [9] broad range of granted to the revenue. But, ingless unless ré5 ou "Ca b:15e, what appears to Sri Lanka today and fareign fic: Prowincja || Counci to raise foreig will be the ni Go' arrent con loans be domic will objectivo c Sion making hay

nsensus ?
rap the Scheme Yen the Political are Tamil voting y Based is les 5 inal voting power, *Itali measure of the minority. eading articles in so the SLFP Pears that this dags mot seem 2nse of security
IS NOT ED IN THE ALS:
ig the Propo Sals Li whi L i mot e proposals but in if the schering
The first and factor is that
Pro Wisions on aby this will be by the PPC : fact that all sides of the reasons fallet i 5 bgca uga adequate finance, expected this to lost detailed asoposals. Perhaps |пg to the stateer's rush in where to tro (3a, d. Arne84. Cyi Singl a powers to ba Jeriphery to raise C'','','TE "O Te - hero is also a In that context, D be developing is foreign aid
:1||15, WWil| thነë | S hawe the power in loans? What Lira of Central trof? Can foreign i arbitrarily or riteria fCr de:ri
'e to be worked
Ըն է: The së are all
ywhich hawa
quas tions S bC fa Cad and answer Cid. Frics Lumably, the finances for the province will groatly depend on a Centr:1| Gowernment Finance Commission which will make grants to each Prow inco. But iron't these funds | imitigd? What aire the criteria by which such grants will be given C may b. necessary to work all this out in detail beforehand. After all these political cfforts, If the Scheme wora to fail for lack of financial feasibility, then the rifforts will be only part of a wasted process.
REGIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE:
| 1. A T1 other impor Lam II. a spect Which is not r Theh tion, ed in th 2 Propos als is the area of a regional Public ser wice to administer the Provinces. This is perhaps not as
Crucial as the settici o finances but the terms and conditi con 5 of employment, their link to the mational 5 erwice etc. . . . hawe yet to be worked out.
DISSOLUTION: 12. A third important aspect
which is not clearly covered in the Proposa|5 is the subject of the "dissolution of the provincial Councils' by the Centre in the a went of disagreements with the Gower of, or with the Centre. The DDC Act allowed dissolution by the Minister in charge or ground such as mismanagement etc... after an independent judicial hearing. This is dissolution as it operates of administrative bodies lid after Precedents 5 et up in the administrative laws of this country, Hawe yer, when it comes to provincial bodies which are elected, hi5 kind Of di 550 |Uti o 5 1o feasible because of the political nature of the body. In this context it may be necessary to work out how and why the Governor cor the President Carl dissolve the Provincial Councils. Perhaps the


Page 28
provisions with regard to tho dissolution of the national par l'i- ament can operate at the provincial |evel with rcgard to Provincial councils, thus cnsuring a time-limit and subsequent clections.
DEMOCRATIC CLIMATE:
13. There are many aspects, not directly linked to the proposals, But which wi|| determine the climate for implementation, which have not been included as part of the package. For eg: a ceasefirein fact a casefir Should hawe been a first priority. Also such matters as Amnesty, the Removal of Emergency and the PTA hawe also to be considered.
The SLFP has also been urging that the proposals be linked to a greater democratisation in the South. If faic. Et is said Llat the SLEP rejection of the proposals came after the reading of sections of the Chidambaram papers which stated that provincial Council El C-ting Wii || 3 ||gd i Lh: North and mot in the South. If the PPC Solution is [q bg: see [] a 5 a genuine political Solution it cannot be fettered by Petty politiking. st Should apply to the whole country, as a democratic exercise for everyone. Otherwise, arguments of unfairness will cloud any achievement of peace. In fact the constitutional amendment could be struck down under the equal protection clause of the constitutiII ԸI1,
SHARING OF THE CENTRE:
|n addition to creating a democratic climate, ma provisions hawe been set up for the possibility of sharing power at the Centre, for eg: Tam || being made an official language or the Crcation of a secard cha Tiber cor the creation of a type by Ethnic Relations CoIIIlission. The: e are also III atters foi considcration
POWER AT
III. WHAT HAS FORMED
A BASIS FOR CONSENS US :
4. Having looked at what is not
there for us to comment upon,
we should perhaps move on to what provisions are included, and
26
which ames a PP el for 53, Lu, i stated comments working Paper:
(1) Constitution:
The first basis appear to agree PPCS 51 | tak constitutional an allows for a su of de w|Jim Ww constitution. The
of die w|LI to should have a Within a unitar the possible are: Many people inclu the NSS F' etc... Hi that Sinhala fear of thig word feder: and actually inhi The need to against fedetal as a referendum is is a basic pre Tii: alticon. The Suport finally decide th lot of the Juggli of provisions is concer in mind awkward du TE truly effective
(2) Legislative
There is also g tructure of legis should be dewal and that the c.c. the product of cl also agreement Minister of the be one from a part a majority of the also be general || the day to day ad ito'y ince.
(3) Judiciary:
There is also
the structure o
the presence of
each province of the courts of a
(4) Subjects t
There also ap agreement an I subjects to be inc|Lidge in F along with cert arid and settler oder. The det: tion have yet t

r to for a basis light of publicly and the TULF
a Basis:
that both parties i 5 til Le e the form of a tendment which Estantial amount ithin a unitaгу nature and extent and whether it federal spirit y structure is 1 of :Fitam til. ding Jehan Perera, ave stated openly about the use as II is unfounded bits a solution. balarıce Limitary iets 5ās to āWid an approach which se of the negatiTe Court Wow || e outcome but a ng and wording done with this This leads to int and prevents a give and take,
PWEr":
agreement on the lative power that ved to the Ir i TE incils should be actions. Their is that the Chief Council should y which commands house. He should y responsible for ministration of the
lägre è "Thèrn t about
f the Judiciary, a high court in Til the cication
ppea in Colombo.
o bc De WO|WE:d:
pear to be some he turc of the
dowowd those : DDC sch: die Lin aspact of lands ment and law and ils of the daya luto be worked out.
In other words, though there are some minor disagreerTents there appears to be a consensus on the principles in the areas outlined above, Most of the principles relate to the structure of the devowed units, the elections to take place and the list of subjects.
IW. WHAT ARE THE AREAS OF CONTENTION:
Now let us &: mi to the aras of contention among the parties. They are indeed formidable, but perhaps not unbridgeable. In analysing these a reas I think we hawe to accept the basic principle behind a process of negotiation. There can new er ble agreement con bottori line principes or on rhetorical declarations. Creativity in negotiation requires the formulations of al Lernati We principles which will satisfy aspirations on Booth si de 5. It is in this constru: tive spirit that I will go through the contenticus a reas of negotiaLI 1
MERGER OF NORTHE EAST:
6. The first area of contention and I think the area of which the peace process rests is the issue of the merger of the 10thern and eastern provinces. The Proposals as such accept a geparate province for the north and a separate Province for the east with inter-Province co-ordination. Thë Tamil groups on the other hand want the recognition of a Tamil Linguistic region and a merger of the north and the East into one provincial council.
The government proposals leave the Tamils of the Eastern province, especially in light of recent events in an extem cly vulnerable position. The request of the Tamil groups for merger make the Muslim and Simhale se populations of the Eastern Province extremely vulnerable. A decision either way will make the cast a centre for greater conflict
and internic: cinc fighting. Is there any alternative? If there is an alterra Cİ"y 2, İC min LISE r e ş t İı : Tı de: '''
dclimitation of province S. We do not have to accept British lines cf administra i C. A dimittis may not be ideal, but will in the


Page 29
long-term les sen, conflict and contention among the communities within the respective provinces. W suggestion for delimitation put forward by some NGO's recently suggests that the Northern Prowince extend to include areas up to Batticaloa but that Tricomalee Port and its com yiron 5 be under Central Government authority, and that Sir Willa District of Triconialeg become part of the North Cental Prowing. A narrow corridor will have to connect Trinconnalee Cistrict to Ba. t. tica lo:ı but giwen the recent fighting in this area it is already a deserted uninhabited corridor. In addition it is suggested that Amparai become a separate province and perhaps to minimise conflict between the Sinha ese and the Muslims, Amparai electorate Could become a part of Moneragala. There is also a suggestion put forward that the Eastern province be delimited into three, predominantly Sinhala, predominantly Tamil, predominaatly Muslim and that after a period of years a decision on delimitation take place. Meanwhile inter-province co-ordination cari be the means of operation. These are only suggestions.
I know that there is great resistance to this םYם ק Cf map drawing. There is also resistance to the entrenchment of othnic Bouri darie 5, But do wa hawe am | terria tiwe? 15 it mot necessary to make this new type of delimitaLLaHS S 0 LOLS SLL LL0S LLCHHL 00HHLLLLLLL S LLLL C as to make the provincial councils viable in the east, otherwise they Will undergo a series of dissolutions and any fragile peace will automatically collapse With time the natura|| || Théa i natural as opposed to state aided, movements of population will perhaps Take the ethnic characteristics of thise boundaries non-antagonistic and more compatible.
EXECUT WE POWER:
7. A new area of contention is Lihat With rCigard to executive Powers and the role of the goverCr. The Tamil groups had earlier Euggested the presence of a gowErno as an inter mediary between the President and the Provincial council. The Chidda mbaram papers envisioned the governor as a cerellonial ambassador of the
Contre in the pC acquirc certain pc times of Amerge ment proposals c mowe far away frc tion and delegat Wolwe) executi w C. P error. He ext power in tha appoin toe of the given the inten: Conflictim co Lur 5 to be not only unurl Workable. In fa |r th1e LI |ti II11tge power, The Gow i 'y' i ITILI TIL iri, thia Pro wicc creation of a pr |5tration at tho | against legislative liament and the pr It will destroy potential of any in this regard th only feasible at Πηorial gαναrΠαr, some executive PC times of emerge tlm 193 [:XCCLILi ự g de wowed on to Would Chc be upon the Chief cute such power provincial admini.
In India, tha PoWC's except dլ He may however passed by the S The fina gi5i Provincial counc which may be ol til hay C y 3 til by tha: Governor ation of Presider submit it for cof national judiciary |5|1 tLI r":. This; |r can be another would help prew from becoming an force within the Ticial councils. Hic of reserwa, tion present if the Co15i tutional Cr
EMERGENCY,
l B. Emergency T :1re: Which Wi│ │ │ between the parti: tion. In tha pri that in times of president carı a55u powers of the pri

riphery who may wars only during icy. The governin the other hind m such a suggese (not even deo Wer to the Giglw - ises execute Pro Wince, as an President. This ity of political » ciety w ii || prove -5 en ble but also ct; it will result Celtri igi Eic of 2 Timor is al effeof the Cğrılır : Wi ed to Lie legid eitiltial tidisti irilocal level, going : power of parow incial councils. the democratic 5 cl Lutic F1. It is at I think the Til ti'y is il erwho may acquire wers only during incy. In normal power could be Goyerror but he required to call Minister to exes with regard to 5t TATC). I
governor has no I ring et Tiergerlicy. comfment om bij ||5
ta te legislature. in rest 5 With the | || CÓn måtter 5
f Innti onål impor2 || || || S. reser wed for the considerit who may then sideration by the
or national legdia i for TL |lation alternative which ent the governor
anti-democratic schemic of proviwever the power
should be only bills appear un
LUltra – wies,
sos“ 15 l-Lao e of Concentic 25 to the negotiaposals, it is said
emergency, the me the executive o Wille. Til f”-
mulation has yet to be worked חן חוחם וח וחבום F בחוחנ:ם בלחם כל 5 שuני detail. However, it is on Wisioned that the provincial Council law will contain emergency provisions, perhaps differenti from those Contained in the Constitution. In su. a context, I think it is necessary that We not take provincia emergency power in isolation. We already hawe a framework for repressi com which is qui te substantial. Wa have the public Security Ordinance. We awe the PTA and now we are ab Cut to work in emergenprovincial councils and :? administration. This triple-decker framewotik for repression Thay make sense in piece-Teal but taken together ciri te 5 ut i a further thrust LLLH LLLHHLLu aLLulHLLLLLLL LLaHG GLSS LLHC uLHLS uld therefore be extremely wary about emergency powers appearing in all areas of the law. The public Security Ordinance may be amended to include the possibility of energency in the provinces, but one
law of and
émergency, בו חנכו Standard for emergency formulations exist throughout the country. Emergency should be precisely that the term means - an exception to the normal
processes of law and due processes - not a necessary amendment to every piece of legislation.
LAND:
| 9. Another arca cof contentior which has begun to logo its contentious quality is the area of Lands and Larid Settlement. The Simhales e groups have umanimously agreed "" that inter Provincial So Etlement project5 should be basgid on national ethnic quotas.' The Tamil groups have been equally vehement that the concept of "Tamil traditional homelands' be recognised and that no settlement should take place which alters the ethnic balarc of the North and the East. Some typ 2 of corTP Tomise ap Pears to hawe been worked out at the practical level. Though the goveremen propošåls state that tha inter-provincial irrigation projects should be Eb 15 ed om a matica | athmic quota, in practical terms the חסly project in cxisterice is the Maha weli. For that particular proiect, the government has accepted the fact
that the ethnic balance of the North-East will not be altered. Al Tamil allotments under the
27


Page 30
national ethnic quota will be settled in the East. This practical accomodation will perhaps go a long way in bringing the parties together, However, Tamil derlands with regard to 'homelands' and the Tainter of the etri ball as of 1947 have been cxcluded.
There are some other roser wations. Though land is a dawolved SLbject, state lands even with
regard to projects carı mot be a limated Without presidential permilsion. Also, state lands involved in non de Wolved subjects camba LS ed by the Central Government without Consultation of the Provincias authorities. This appears to be somewhat arbitrary and will lead to confusion. A morte constructiya scheme for consultation and mutual agreement has to be worked out. think we should pause for a moTent on the subject of lands to rote that the demands in this arca a few years ago seemed to be irreconciliable. Today, agreement sees to be in the real of the Possible. Though I agroc that this is only on paper and that it has yet to be implemented we can state that negotiations carried on between the Ministry of Lands and Mr. Chidambaram have produced a
HLHLLLLK S S LLLL0LLLLL SttLLLLLaLLLLLL S LLLLLL what seemed to be an intractable problem.
LAW AND ORDER
20. Finally another major area of conterion is the question of law and order. The proposals accept the fact that "'Interna | Provincial law and order is a devolved subject.' This in itself is a major step forward. It Would lead to the creation of a national police force and a provincial police force. However, at the provincial level, recruitment will be only up to Chief Inspector and the Cadre Wil|| be chosen by a panel in which the balance is held by the Centre. There are three members of the panel, two representativ (25 frøn the Centre one from thc province, Given the fact that there are two police forces, given the fact that recruitment is only up to the lewe of Chief | nspector, given the fact that the CID can investigate in the province under orders of the IGP, given the emergency powers reserved for the centre and the president's right to bring in the armed forces such
모
a 5 army, na Wy an ting even recrui cial police in fav in effect preve meaningful devolt inces. The rest substantial and amցnded if the nt su Ceggd.
Discussion af til and Order 10 WCW to — grip5 with th { real problem o (C) Clot di EL and order withou the larger issues LHC al Tmd för 25 and the East aft Giwon this fact militant groups c: Crdar Si La Lion i some parts of the proce 55 CT WIS I om C: to lay down their this Provincial frafla y Ork? What to the Two fortos : who hawc Eo agen i ki || Tiko the ST Para-military un Hill Glads. W"
ārted T5 g i raised by Lhe p they are perhaps mIng for in Sri
CONCLUSION:
I have tried to is, S.Lu CS Lihat hay e i on the reading af als. They are e te EuE only an ir type of problem face. I hawa bee la W and socia | 5 has always made r egal System bell El Yan Sit Latit , ! lation for conflict Social Sciences hay history is alway: than the law. I that something this process, it is based on Scientifi Only because I dar else. In conside Salg. and the rest CCSS We must be the alternatives. Some experience past year. As no longer hawa rece Wè have also per Tİ'Ye ad ab Eutg:

d air force, weghImment ta' prowi millur of the certro nts any forrT1 of Jition to the provrictions are qui to: will probably be gotiations are to
15 e details of law "CI", dos mit como 3 magni III de of the flaw and order. 5s the i 55 ue of law II. rais ing some of How long will El in the North or a set tellent that the Tai om Eric || the law and In the North and East what is the d to invite the II
arms and accept Law and Order is going to be done Sct. Li P in the South lither trained to F, cor who arc: it-3 SLI och as the Will they be disSSLES ET6 tot de WE ropos als and yet the most deterLanka today.
rais e 5 CT12 of the Come to my head the PPC proposby means compl1 troduction to the
S and issu 25 w C: 1 traid i h : tieI 1 Ce, The |:ʼW
ne optimistic, the aves that for any there is a formulresolution. Th: re taught me, that 5 III ore powerful f | a Ti cptimistic may result from Fict in C Ptim i Sm C reason in E it is e not be anything ring these propoiltant Peace proacutely aware of We have had of these I In the I said before, we use to in rocer. haps learnt relatruths as part of
our collective experience. We hawa learnt that there are no Lltimata solutions, especially to longterm cithnic problems. only relative issues of iustice and in justice. However, ya ha ve algo eart sarte fundamental absolute truths. Though issues such as land policy, education
structure, taxation employment etc . . . are negotiable, human life is not, Ewcem A5 we acco Pot a ni C. W
framework for the negotiation of political and economic power, We must do so with the realisation that fundamental human rights such as the right to life and security, the right to the due process of law have to be secured and guaranteed. Any State which consistently refuses to give importance to these values will only lead our society toward national disaster. Conficts that can bo contained will bęCome un manageable, and problems which can be debated will become intractable. When a community believes that it is fighting for its physical survival, it will do so with a force and determination which cannot be easily represssed. Let us hope that all sides to this conflict have at least learnt these les sons from the experience of the Past few years.
No
OOT (Continued from page 23)
would hawe preyented the i rruption into the Sri Lankan body politic of the running sore of so many state less people, Indeed, from the mid-eighties, it is legitimate to surmise that the whole CoLurse of Sirhali--Ta1mi || r3 |:aticolships might not hawe di teriorated so colossally if the plantation workers had not been deprived of citizensi hip and franchisc in 1948 and 1949: there would hawe been a profound cathars is in the Sinhala people and a blurting of the sharpest edges of the Tami || SeparaList Il-Wem Ent.
The apportion ment of blame, however, should be less important for the committed socio-political cömmler1tätor thảm to read the past in the over-riding light of the portents and prospects of the future. The author's finished writing before the Citizenship Act of 1988 was enacted. It would have been interesting to have their re action to that Art.


Page 31
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