Page 1
Special to the The "New
Guardian
LANKA
Vol. 9 No. 10 September 15, 1986 Price Rs. 4.0
K. M. D
LAN
K. M. de Silva V
- the Press Council
- Full
THE TAMIL
PRABHAKARAN: Wha
VENKATRAMAN: Movi|
Apartheid on Stage an Will Gandhi guarantee LALITH on the Amnes
Also: TULF or
ls the U Amnesty
 
 
 

China Saw
- Sirimavo Bandaranalike
DAN
Registered at the GPO, Sri Lanka QJ/72/N/86
E SILVA
A
)RY OF
R NKA
s Lanka Guardian
Order and Schedule Text -
MILITANTS t made me a "Tiger' ng out of Madras
ld Screen - Serena Tennekoon the Peace 2 - Mervyn de Siswa sty Report
Land Policy NP Stale 2 and
on Disappearances

Page 2
THE PREM
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Page 3
T R E |
BORDER PROBLEMS
rf theחTץ (rHuch F יוושer (hיוולPr turi ir af de volutior (Poly 14' ide?) care The rivo crifical, core issues in the regola fioris Over the proposed pro viricial COLI FIcils. O'r the question af poler, there has been steady progress, though there are fill sorre Wilfridler, foi clear - the vesting of State land, for italice. Buf it is the ferritorial unit which is the stumbling block.
War I fall fog far behind the FHirarits, rhe TULIF, Hohich l'est year lost l'a of its farmer MP's through caldhooded assa siricio insists or a single ling Listic II rif' represenring northern province Plus sorre districts of the Eas Terry province, if necessary or a Plebiscife.
The UNP government, int order Por to be fai far orr of step of Siri has opinion which regiriyocally rejects a Fly idea of a Narth-Easť "rherger’ s fick To the proviral ri, takligerfor from Delhi's rejection of the Fierger concept. If order to reach ரேr gror, சார்ே தாry ர
ie regiarī ar ās tā vield sorre groE rid. PWM a f is fhe сотдагогтіisғ?
A fley concept has energed frorm back-stage excharges. I r is called figorial concis' based at a re-drawing of Borders. The "zare" by a ry of her riarre eyer price" alt the rify the TL/L Far7d Iridia, the al-importaro media for Hith sufficient Clout, pre s Lrrra Fly", fa press tre or FerS.Hadde a l ı r k e parries involvedir. the Eargairing.
|'ai fie Lirii Mirliferi Fellarki ar a Prieer irrig i'r Darn Faderi ya a riiere 5 frČIH FI TWEE - Hiriad ar a Trial-balloon? He was addres sing 7 700 percerir Sir Fala a Lladierare with a Najrake Thera in the LLLaLHLLSYLLLLL SYa SYLCCLL LYYLLLLLLLLe LLa SSY SSSSS S LLLLLLGL S LSL SYY SS S TLLGGLGLLLLL Freirarchy, is a key gdy'erifferi HEgalar.
He said: "We should not follow bilindly the la riad bio Lurda ries ser our Ey, the irrerialists. It we
should charge S. istu ir - the presert Prof, for Five
AIR ST
For Ffore fir Experts have Beer Vyrirg Lessio F : Eelarri rebels ge Fris5 Îles (SAMS}: the questian is siar of SAMTs gulative elாg Fr T 5. FF. Het T5 the goverrier's is r-fries ஐரீerively the gr Linassailable stop grrd
So far, if is Province Citize which have kept irst air-srlrikers 5етті-шrhan pop This criticisri Ih. Pro Fřipry A7 FF14'er off rhéïf flle TFF агтуу forts an тогfстrs froртті επΤαμ τήε πιατέ gjiliari derifrës II hospitaly (Falo -- socio,
For the first μroμείει EFEηΠα ரிாச ரா Alforce the SUN (59).
ĞÜAR
Wol. 9 No. 10 Se
Prig
Published fo
Lanka Guardian F
No. 246,
COLOM
Edr: Für W
Telephone:

N D S
Luci policie 5 ft) freids..." (See Provinces).
RKES
עilirtTrווז ליווסנזה 3 askirg the follo*PIV el vi, he? surface-to-air ' The point of "Fiat the possey
|Píll figar í eg ir re fil-gver' ff Will challerge
#צver Juולdir Pr. challenged, very nyerFIFile:FII"5 J/Tre eracy of the
File: Warferir ra Corri rifee 5 தFreig Hgfor turbar aard fir cer fres. el territy forces ed by pointing illed rebels. Polaid ! Carl Po LyÉth positions which נgrtוgtgיוgi? ld buildings like
J.
fire, rockefen Were Eyed ro рӀалes, reported The rg of an
DAN
ptember 15, 1986
R5; 4.OO
rtnightly by
"ublishing Co Ltd.
Jon Place,
BO-2,
yn de Silva
도 5 E
A PRO carrying forty serie perso nel M'as da Fragedir Baricolaa, the reporf, 5aid. IHelfcoprer,5 நrரying cover for the pre l'ére ahle ro 57'e. The AWRC) phic rever rid grked
Emergery ring in Tric). Orte corr. PTT aTriado "as ir jų red. The helicopter gunships killed fra rebels.
POLICEMEN REMANDED
A verdict of Harricide Was ger by the Mor: Magiгrare їн а спуe iл илhich a yошлg fra der of Mokaridura, Garrini Kadir Lu Wakik a rad a bay aged If (Garfiri i Sarmisara Halick remia) died of gunshot injuries. Two Policeren were rerraraded over the death of these two cyclists. The Magistrate, Mr. Sarria raiférli Pere FCI 5T fái:
Although there is an erriergermcy in the country, ard TerraFFFF; fra Eye fri fel Forffe FF and eastern provinces, such a strator does not exist here.
Police have по righг го сотіліїї rurder. It is unfair for the police to be a law into thernselves aard T Lurr their hacks or Justice because they are arried. If is contrary to civic rights
r freedr'.
CONTENTS
News Background The UNP at Forty Amnes y on Sri Lanka É Lalith on Amnesty Report The Militant Mood 7 Making of a Militant Leader Foreign News Impressions of the 'New' China 3. TULF. Propos als - III |4 Press Clini Order 9. A Prison. Without Walls 23
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Page 5
Zonal Council of Merger ?
Mervyn de Silva
|ast, tirade, barrage, Onslaught were just a few of the words picked by our press for Mr. Rajiv Gandhi's comments on Sri Lanka, its government, president and army athis eve-of-departure news conference. In contrast, the only response from the governmentowned media and the party high Command itself was a total si ence; studied or stunned we were left to guess. What provoked the oung Indian leader, known as oth Mr. Clean and Mr. Cool? His grandfather could be imperious and irascible, his mother coldly haughty, With a caustic aside now and then. But this was verbal Ramboism, both barrels emptied in five furious minutes.
Was it the 'confidential letter'"
that brought on this uncharacteristic outburst? Did he think that Sri Lanka was trying to
corner him morally and in an international forum at that? Had the TULF reported that the talks were not going too well, that the government was trying to back-pedal
At this point, we are not sufficiently well informed-and that evidently goes for our government too - for anything but hit-or-miss theorising and speculation. What is really important anyway is whether Mr. Gandhi's anger and distrust are such that the Current negotiations have been put in jeopardy, while even casting doubts on continued Indian mediation. After all, he did say "if they (Sri Lanka) do not like our help, We are Willing to withdraw".
In the face of the concerted campaign by Mrs. Bandaranaike and the sangha, the government can hardly yield more to the TULF without expanding its already dangerously exposed flank. In the Opposition's emotionally charged
propaganda, dev: with "surrender tism and terrori UNP's outright North-East "mor official stand on derives much com support.
It is for this course that the demand and slog with "a single li fiction founded thasis that Tamil. share Tamil aspira the TULF wie W Eastern province Muslims entertain some day, the 5 determination is Their level of p. ness and sense identity right no which find expres Muslim organisati a "Muslim Provin
"Merger' nonet firmly a non-neg for the Tarni|| rni the Sri Lankan the other side table. So the can the gap bet and the governm the TULF and t narrow ed Can i
The Las MI5
nayake, a key an interesting re. Ing in Dambade
The question le idea that Wa5 di50 at the marathons When the TULF
President, the Minister ind the (the two ministe of things) but as
members of ch were even gratif Minister Pramad

instead
lution is equated
to Tamil separa5''. Hence the rejection of the ger" demand, an Which the UNP Fort from Delhi's
same reason of TULF switched an and cana out ngulstic LIn It", a on the tenuous -speaking Muslims tions and endorse Whether the ТапіI—5peaking or Wi|| Entertain amma idea of selfanother matter. olitical consciousof "separate" W is of the kind eוחסE_sחסam חסsi: ons in terms of cial Council".
hele 55 emains as totable demand tants as list for
government. On if the negotiating uestion is how Ween the TULF ent and between he militants bo
be done?
ter Gamini Dissaegotiator made mark at a meetniya last Week. ads one to an issed back-stage 2ssions in August not only met the ational Security Lands Minister 5 in the thick many as II other Cabinet, and ed to See Prirne sa making his
BACKGROUND
debut at the BMICH stage. The idea is ''Zonal Council', a neutral term for a legally demarcated territory larger than the present Northern province but which the TULF mindful of Sihala and UNP hypersensitivities, are ready to accept even under the present title of "province'.
The TULF's grievance however is that up to Sept. 4, the promised date, it had not received a draft formulation of the government's own concept of "inter-provincial coordination' on subjects conceded to the councils, and power adequately devolved.
In bridging the two gaps said only India has the capacity to assist Colombo i. e. Mr. Gandhi, in turn, helped by Mr. M. G. Ramachandran, the second crucial factor in advancing towards a negotiated settlement. M.G.R. is the senior coalition partner of the Congress in the ruling alliance in Madras. He is known to be a politician for whom Mr. Gandhi, political necessity apart, reserves much personal regard. It is his other persona which concerns us more. He is the political patron of W. Prabhakaran, the Tigers commander. Thus, he is Mr. Gandhi's ideal instrument in dealing with the Sri Lankan Tamil issue in so far as that issue has become a factor in Tamilnadu politics. Closing or narrowing the gap between the moderates and the militants is obviously the next essential move in pushing the negotiating process forward. Only then can the militants be brought into talks, the next vital step. The government is even now ready to send a ministerial team to any city in India to meet them, although its composition is still not clear, and the question of an accompanying three member delegation rom the SLMP, LSSP and CP remains unresol wedi

Page 6
Now Sri Lankan hopes were plinned precisely on such an exercise by Mr. Gandhi on his return to Delhi - direct contact with theritants, narrowingthega P to produce a common Tamil stand", and arranging a face-to-face encourtter between the Sri Lankan representatives and the "boys' Were the expected moves.
If things had advanced according to the most hopeful of plans, then the only problem
left after legislation would be Implementation. In that eWer more tricky stage of implementation, guarantees would have been required by both sides. The TULF would argue that a unitary constitution cannot Provide the kind of guarantees to the Provincial Councils that a federal
Lankan parliame at any time wh o evolvedi f t Provideסחcan
these must CC| Constitional 50u only one optio to the Tamils.
Hawling grante some political r UNP Woud re about the behaw it What if they co military operati a settlement re. and at such a militants did ng in the negotiat still had the pe implementation, tinue to enjoy oLIt of their sir
constitution such as in the US or a quasi-federal constitution | Tỉ shørt thị like the Indian affords. The Siri stage has tica
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1E Could tako back at it had given Etha Constitution such guarantees, Tc from extricas. There is П - India - open
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and would coit until they ran EP OWE".
2 implementation be preceded or
accompanied by a process of de-militarisation. Who has the superior fire-power to guarantee that? Clearly not the Sri Lankan army which has already entered that contest for more than 5 years and find itself, at East in a military stalemate. Again, the answer is India.
That is why Mr. Gandhi's drait. We He ne"S PAPET called it a Wolte-face - is also a brake, a shatteringly sudden brake, on the negotiations, with a land-mine impact on all the neatly designed, perhaps overoptimistic calculations of many a Sri Lankan. It is also a stark and stunning reminder that he holds almost all the cards firmly in his hand, except perhaps the "Tiger' card that may slip out, if that hasn't happened to some extent already. (See The Militant Mood.)
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Page 7
The UNP at
he wenua was the EXPO 80
grounds at Moratuwa; home ground, in short. Though MoraIwa has returned Left MP's, that was so in the heyday of local Marxism, or in times of intense anti-UNP fervour usually with grand Centre-Left coalitions in the making or already made. This was carefully picked home ground the constituency of acting Foreign Minister Tyrone Fernando.
The crowds, to be sure, flocked to the esplanade. And since nobody puts on a finer tamasha than Sri Kotha, the carnival air was not absent. But where was the spirit? Where the bouyancy of the past? And often in that Past post '77 and post '82 Referedum past, the bouyant selfconfidence bordered on an aggressive arrogance. The UNP carawan moved, the show Went on
Not alas, on this a notable party anniversary, the 40th. There was no spirit, no fire. Altogether a lack-Illustre affair, a routine ceremony marking a formal occasion. Why? 'The UNP lives, the strongest party still, but the government is approaching its tenth year and it is stale.... the ministers, the MP's all of them are tired and the people have got tired of the same old faces. . .''' commented a former Senator who counts more than 20 years UNP membership.
While there is a lot to be said for that line of thinking, the malaise goes deeper. "The UNP is on the defensive" said a Left leader who is a vigorous critic of the UNP economic policles but an equally keen supporter of the government's initiatives on devolution.
It was President JR, who reminded the party of some other moments of despondency and des
pair, notably 1956. There were party personalities who even suggested that Sri Kotha headquarters should be auctioned
After the rout
party leader an in fact turned absenteo lando | much time in B parliament in C become an offici playing the foxBrogues wood. I another ex-part Prime Tinister,
a cornet of his
Only JR had tempermanent t NOT 1 ost" take & and re-organise
|5 |955 հնարt| question, at a Seems prematur last Week, the the Maha Sangha be held only in
This year, or matters. It is important, and very much to d ation, the polit All Seasoned poli to the climate in their constit. Teber the UN of 68 seats - nd mid-||ewel e things have gon
This may be mocracy. It is the loss in terms Wote T's 5tti || U5 ultimate power Democracy is a in the hearts a People, more s World Countri Wait. . . unti I h false, and his
What of the is caught in the has entered the zone" forced ir they satisfy nei: economically har

forty
if 1955, Sir John ex-premier had to something of d, spending as itan as in the lombo, only to exile eventually hunting laird of udley Senanayake president and was sulking in
CW.
the fight-back o say 'all Was ffective command, the UNP.
ng the UNP? The first glance, is :, ln Kuru negalā, UNP leader told : ''Elections Will
1989. . .".
1989 is not what he mood that's the mood has o With the situical environment. ticlans, all a Lliwe of opinion at least encies - and rePo hold 5 owa || 40 the UNP UP per helons know that E SOUT
a debilitated dea democracy none
of the average haken faith in the of the ballot box. iwe and kicking ld minds of the 5 thãm most Third S. So he will is faith is proved ation Ce l'Unis Out.
UNP itself. It classic trap. It political 'danger to half-leasures her the restless, d-pressed Sinhala
voter nor the politically pressed TULF, representing a moderate Tamil opinion, rapidiyo crumbling In the - north and east, and alienated by the UNP in the south.
And externally, are even stronger - India and the donors, urging in their different ways and for different purposes, reconciliation with the Tamils and a return to reasonably "normal" conditions, and the IMFBRD beginning to tighten the screws with demands for stricter budgetary controls and 'structural adjustments' which only mean a harder life for the segment above the 'Food stamps' poverty line and below the tier of "Fat Cat' affluence.
the pressures
M.
Sangha Protest
t a meeting
2,000 monks, a resolution has been adopted, the SLAND reported, to consider a proposal of the Wen. Muruttuwa Ananda Thera (President PSUNU) to organise a "fast to death' campaign in protest against the Provincial Councils offer to the TULF. The meeting was chaired by the Mahanayake of Asgriya, the Wen. Pali pane Chandananda Thera. 'We have nothing against the Tamils or the Muslims or any community" the Mahanayaka has said "But we have tolerated the government long enough and We have now entered a critical stage. When terrorism cannot be eliminated under a unitary system, how can it be possible to do so under nine provincial councils?".
attended by
The monks meeting has called for an impartial inquiry into the July 1983 riots.
A decision to launch the callpaign if the proposals are not withdrawn will be taken on Sept. 21.

Page 8
Amnesty on Sri Lanka
272 Cases cited
In 1978, the UN General A55cm
bly took up the question of "enforced or Involuntary disappearances' which had become a particularly distress ing PhenoTeron En Latin America Where fascist oligarchles and juntas were the rule rather than the exception. The Spanish word for the so-called "disappeared ones' who could not be traced after arrest by security forces or mysterious "militia men' was soon to enter the international vocabulary.
Ago. International called on the Government of Sri Lanka to explain the "disappearances' of several hundred people reported to have been seized by the country's security forces over the past 20 months.
The Worldwide human rights organization urged the government to take immediate steps to inform the relatives of the fate of Whereabouts of the "disappeared' people, most of whom are young Tamil civilians.
A new 89-page Amnesty International report, Sri Lanka; *"Disappearances', offers testimony by eye-witnesses to the seizure of "disappeared" people and details of 272 specific cases. None of the "disappeared' victims have been seen since their arrest.
The report says there is evidence that many have been shot or have died after torture and been buried in secret graves or burned.
Other "disappeared" people are believed to be in unacknowledged detention in police stations and military camps - many of the arte feared to Hawe been tortured.
Tortures reported to Amnesty International included burning beatings with plastic pipes, hanging upside down for long periods
6
The UN at it session passed gc חסקCalled u search for such take Speedy inw ensure la W enfo were fully acc ensure that the al II persons detair respected and ( with other gove specialised agen
Amnesty
and the applicati to sensitive par including the e:
The organizatic ment had per to investigate of "disappearant officials respon.
In one case authorities char of a Methodist "spreading fals false statement: Eaked to the fo the 'disappearar young men. D (in which he High Court evidence "cast on the prosec there had been
The hufflar r to personnel of force and the S. commando unit, beco Tie a definit 1984. This wa Tamil groups st actions for a sep: island - they h; hundreds of memb forces as well a Sri Lanka's Sir
Amnesty Inter condemned tor of prisoners by u Fסr$ חסSItiסקקס

he 90th Plenary
resolution which vernments (a) to persons and underestigations (b) to rcement agencies puntable (c) to
human rights of ed orailed Were i) to cooperate rnments, the UN, ics and human
Report
on of hot chi III e5 ts of the body, "E도.
in said the governsistently refused almost all cases e' or to bring sible to justice.
this year the ged the warden orphanage with e runours and '' after he had reign press about ce' of about 23 uring his trial was acquitted), a judge said the serious doubt" ution case that
Orests
ights, attributed the army, air ecial Task Force are said to have
2 pattern in late 5 when armed :epped up their
a rate State om the ave killed many ters of the security s civilians among
halese majority, national said it ture or killings
anyone, including is. But although
tarian organisations to locate or account for such persons.
In 1985 the U.N. Working Group on disappearances asked Sri Lanka to clarify 95 cases. It says in a new 90 page report published last year that it received only replies about 9 cases. In the current report It lists 272 cases published detailed accounts of Geyeral indiwidual cases, along with affidavits etc.
the government had a duty to maintain law and order, 'acts of violence by opposition groups can never justify security forces themselves resorting to violations of human rights'.
Amnesty International said it believed that "disappearances' and other human rights abuses in Sri Lanka such as political killings, torture and arbitrary detention had been made easier by the suspension of important legal safeguards under the country's
emergency legislation. There was provision for prolonged incommunicado detention Without
charge or trial and serious restrictions on the holding of inquests. The security forces may well have been encouraged by the government's attitude to believe they could dispose of bodies without questions being asked, Amnesty International said,
Its new report urges the Government of Sri Lanka to establish "speedy and impartial investigations by an independent body' to determine what happened to the "disappeared". It calls for an up-to-date central register of arrests to be set up to which lawyers, relatives and the courts
could hawe immediata access. Security force personnel found responsible for abuses should
be brought to justice.

Page 9
Lalith on Amnesty Report
"It is regrettable that Amnesty did not think it fit to record the counter-affidavits filed by our deputy Solicitor-General Mr. Sunil de Silwa in Genewa, with the UN Human Rights Commision" said National Security Minister Lalith Athulathmudal commenting on the latest Amnesty International report a damning indictment supported by eye-witness accounts and affda Wits.
"But the government has been called upon to explain the 'disappearance," of nearly 300 persons?"
"We invite Amnesty or any other human rights organisation, international or local to exercise the right to lodge a complaint with the Police headquarters in Colombo, if somebody is reluctant to go to the local police station, or take the matter to the Supreme Court. ... that is what the law Permits and what governments are required to comply with..."
What is your reaction to the Idea of a Centra Register
(a) We have required every officer in charge of a police station or the commander of any army unit to enter all details about arrests, detainees and so, in their log books and there's your basic information.
pointed out to the Minister that on page 6 of the Amnesty Report the following passage from
the Judge's order in the Nallana Yagam Case a PP ea T5 :
"According to the Minister's
order (the National Security Minister) a list of persons arrested should hawe been selt to the Coordinating officer by the Special Task Force officers, but these lists were not produced in court and one can infer that there was no such lists sent to the C. O. in compliance with the Minister's order'.
(Сопtiпшеd on page 8)
The
S. H. Wen
he focus
ethnic proE Tamil mars After tha Tam Front (TULF), blished a broad with the Sri on the provincia in the first mid-July, it n. Wriggle a Way frc by argu ing thi 議。 慧 影 l tiation process
As the for close and the again left for the i discussio Lanka Goyer blessings of L looked as . If H Party was get further away seat in the destiny.
ThLI5, the re to Colombo at last fortnight y by as much far
trip, But It o that it was on Eime ofta t
actually put its 5ttlement. It plain that the increasingly ne tough postures who were the the ethnic prot its own admiss
In any case, already greatly TULF. The TU only talked in long as 10 day. their intent of Colombo to re. implying there Progress had ce Said Welu Pillai leader of the of Tanini || Een had emerged as militant gгошp: not even Strong

Militant Mood
katra mani
If the Sri Lanka | eff1 shifted to the last fortnight. | United Libera Ein Willy-nilly, estaband of agreement anka Gowerment | Council proposals Dund of talks in rvously tried to om its responsibility at "the Ti|itat:5 part of any пеRo
right drew to a TULF leaders once Colombo to resume ns. With the Sri erit, without the he militants, it e Tamil political ting further and from the driver's wehicle of Tami
turn of the TULF the fag end of wasn't accompanied fare a 5 their a5 oked fairly obvious y. a question of he TULF would si gratur C on a looked equally TULF was getting trWous about the of the militants, Crucia I particas in lem, according to COTT
the militants were cut up with the LF leaders had not Colombo for as 5, they also stated T O L su Ti e discussions, 2 by that some rta Finly been made. Prabakara, the Liberation Tigers n (LTTE), which the most powerful "The TULF did gly protest about
the killing of 67 innocent Tamil civilians by the Sri Lanka ವ್ಹೀTY in Trincomalee during the talks."
So the question last fortnight was - how would the Sri Lanka Government and the TULF be able to implement a possible accord in the face of tough opposition from Ehe Tami| milltants? Progress in the talks. thanks to the Indian Government's persuasion and pressure on both the parties, cannot any longer be denied. Although A. AmrithaTingam would like to say on record that "there has been no finality reached on any of the matters," investigations by INDIA TODAY reveal that there has been broad agreement on the law and order question, and that an agreement looks on the verge of being clinched on the land settlement question.
The Sri Lanka Government sent its reformulations on the land question to Delhi through
the Indian High Commissioner in ColorTbo, J. N. Dixit, and ewen R. Sampanthan, the former TULF MP from Trincomalce, who had earlier reportedly taken a tough line on the land issue told NDA TODAY last fornight: "It is not my contention that a II land In the province should belong to the provincial council, but that when over some land over which the authority has been devolved to provincial council is required by the state,
the land can be allotted after mutual agreement."
So the main hurdle remaining
was not the TULF hardner's but the militants. After the TULF's return from Colombo they were eager to meet the militant groups to brief them on the discussions. But the Eelam National Liberation Front (ENLF) - the umbrella organisation consisting of the Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF), the Eelam Revolutionary Organisation
7.

Page 10
and the Tami || Eelam Liberation Organisation - promptly announcGd that it would not even Be
Pro Pared to meet the TULF. Said L. Kethleeswarian, the articulate spokesman of the EPRLF:
"""The TULF carnot be allowed to take Lumi Eateral decisions while giving tha Empression that it has been consulting the militant groups''. Added Prabakaran: "'The TULF does not seem to hawa a clear point of view of its own".
幕
THE GENERAL mood among the militant groups last fortnight was not in favour of negotiations and a possible settlement, although the militant leaders and cadres stubbornly refused to explicitly corrent on the merits or otherwise of the latest provincial council proposals. Reliable sources say that While the Government of India did not pressurise the militant groups to negotiate with the Sri Länka Goyerment com the basis of the latest proposals, officials of the Research and Analysis Wing specifically asked the militant leaders not to publicly comment on the proposals and queer the pitch for the negotiations between the TULF and the Sri Lanka GovernTITEL
The militant leaders headquartered in Madras were also told not to claim any military victories from Indian soil during the negotiations and were advised not to
plan or execute any military operations el ther. Said a top militant leader: "We told the
Government of India that while we would not launch any military offensive, we reserved the right to Protect our Tamil people by repulsing any army advances from the camps in the north and east."
The militant cadres and fighters also give the impression that a Settlement on the basis of the Provincial counci | Proposals Would be far too much to expect, Says 33-year–old Nathan of the Liberation Tigers who left Colombo after the July 1983 riots in which his house and grocery store in the Sri Lanka capital were razed
B
to the ground: " well passed that Could hawa bear Wech the Tami lesë." Adds 24 of Wayuniya in now belongs to away faction of t ration Organisati Which Cas. Ese "It is not easy people of Sri L. a negotiated Sel Sri Lanka Gayern forget the atro ment and army h: perpetrated om many years".
Whild the mi firl without Indian Gower no longer in a to twist their ir to the negotiatin; the leaders of t are still staying c 105t Of the tra state are reliab Haye bsen wa cadres shifted eastern Sri La intelligence sourc ago, there we 3,000 Tamil mi Nadu, But Thow t to le.55, tham | 5 are shifting the headquarters to
Latest reports reycaled that ch 5 Lucceeded im est fledged ordinanci which is capable 25 six-inch mort handgrenades a already has a st tars, each carry explosives. The set up a military in Jaffria Which El every three mot
But being firm unbending. Ther being in transiger about the stakes liberation game. EPRLF twistf would be prepa With the Siti La if it withdrew -

"The situation has I stage when there a patch-up bet5 and the Sinha-year-old Senthi | Sri Lanka, who the large breakhe Peoples' Libe
of TTE If Hee PLOTE: to get the TaTi lil anka to agree to telent with the mont. We cannot cities the Gowernave systematically Ls for a Wa So
li tants are being ambarrassing the in E, tha latter is
strong position "ms and drag them E table. Although he militant groups in in Tamil Nadu, in ing camps in the ly understood to Ind up and most to othern and nika. Said a top te: "A few months ē ā ttē ver ||5 ir Til le Count ha5 fallan CO. The militants ri operations and |afina."
i fact, hawe e LTTE Hawe ewen ablishing a full
2 factory in Jaffna : of manufacturing a shells and IOC day. The factory ack of 7000 moring five kilos of Tigers hawe ewen training academy Iris Gut EO Gadets
ths.
was not being 1ilitärts Were not it while talking low in the Eelam Reasoned Suresh rom Jaffna: "We red to negotiate
kā Gover its army from the
north and the east, gave voting rights to the plantation Tamils, and accepted the concept of the Targad"
That ray of negotiating hope Was made a little bleak by TULF's apparently nervous excavation for escape routes to back out of the negotiations in case the militant going became a little too tough for them. TULF Secretary-General A. Amrithalingam had said in Colombo that the TULF was Pre Pared to agree to the Tam E -- speaking areas of the east being detached and merged with the northern province. But last fortnight, the party politburo took the stand that one of the cardinal features of any acceptable solution would be the creation of a Tamil linguistic Unit comprising the morthern and eastern Provinces.
The politburo also made it a point to promptly take exception to the reported statement of Jayewardene that if the peace negotiations broke down, the Sri Lanka Government would be forced to mobilise the population into military action. With the TULF thus blowing hot and cold, the Progress in the Sri Lanka talks appeared to be like the frog in the Well-three steps forward and two steps back.
- Indi. Today
Laillith on . . .
(Continued from page 7)
Mr. Ath Llathilda || 55aid: "" ar glad they have referred to the Nallahayagam case. He was found not guilty after a free and fair trial. It is not necessary to note as some people do that the judge Wa5 Tami || becau5e it Wa5 a Sinhalese judge who found Fr. Singarayer innocent. What it proves is that our courts are independen E. That's the important thing. Abuses, пjsuse of the law, of course these ha PP en. . . nobody is da nying it. But there are remedies. Let Amnesty or any rePresentative or any other agency complain to the IGP or file action . . . and see what happens".

Page 11
Making of a mi
N Rann: May I ask your opinion of Sinhala politicians - the government party and the opposition parties. Are there any significant non-chauvinistic or anti-chauvinistic; progressive forces in Sri Lanka politics? How do you view the political spectrum on the other side?
W. Prabakaran: Let's the longer term Among the Sinhala LNF I
consider
experience. parties, the SLFP hawe been around for the whole period. Neither has been interested in solving our problem in any way. One could even say this struggle started during the Prime Ministership of Sirimawo Bandaranaike. 1972 saw the sharpening of the militant struggle. In that year. our basic rights Were snatched away and a new constitution was instituted. The Republican constitution took away the status of Tamil as an official minority language. In other Words, what existed in the old constitution as a limited right for us was robbed through constitutional change. Those responsible for that included Mr. Colvin R. De Silva of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party, a leftist'. At that time Mrs. Bandaranalike's Lunited front included, apart from him, Mr. Peter Keuneman of the Communist Party - it was a united front govern
it.
With even leftists with Progressive ideas taking away our basic rights through constitutional change, our struggle intensified and acquired a sharp edge, it is important to reiterate this: Our Struggle sharpen ed in opposi tion to the new Republican Constitution of 1972. Please rennernber that the person who wrote much of the new Constitution was Mr. Colvin R. De Silva. Existing rights were done away with. The Tamil representatives walked out of Parliament in opposition, refused to sign it. Those few Tamils who signed it were recognised by our people as traitors.
Supporters st
But Tet's take a le. Mr. Wijay K. eader of a lif SLIMP, is not ab artyם חWס his חס are hur |ed at that no. Sinhala support to the
can flourish the We say circumsta mit 5 the ILLI:
Sinhala politician ratio ma I woice, ildency. Those wh for us are in a and they are b
Gl: Do you rE of the Jayeward and the various El response - neces CLI IL 5 itulāto - hawe take the impact, the resist and others and criticism of the ge ling of the Tam all this brought where they seen tical solution C as partly of son
AA: C5HOL tUre tai lotgd Tla Tã| ựCFld. Whig. time of preparir war, he (Mr. been Pushed inti having to dem Gutside World t of peace. Or, a he is one Who but, finding th has to resort trying to warn rači 5t-chauyпIst is going to Pu pronouncements tHi5 i II wi|| ||mol|| (Sinhala) people (on the Tamils). ranks.' These si reveal him as a
Another as Pec ald-giving contri best to golwe was not possibl

litant leader
mothered
Very recent exarinI mara ratuInga, the tist party, the e to speak freely platform, Bombs it. This shows party expressing Tamils in any way re. This is why nces do not perxuy of trusting 5. IF ET |G t ii5 , 5a | tem10 Voice Support miniscule minorit eing smothered.
gard the posture erie Gover Tent, elements in it, as isitated by a diffithe blows they adverse economic ance by the LTTE the International overnment's handi question? Ha5 them to a stage †ဦဦ חkean G ון }r do you see it he other plan?
see it as a posEnly to the exterhis to say, at a ng internally for Jayewardene) has a situation of state to the at he is a lower ternatively, that strives for peace at not possible, to War. He is ish the path of c destruction he
T-55L e Hi5 Tegel. give a clue to pilise all healthy
to Wage War | Wil || Head those
La Eemier L5 do IGE
peace-lower
t 5 to te the ies: ** | tri ed Iny the crisis Eo ut it le. That is why
Hoy do the Tamil militants Wiow the Sri Lanka Government and the rest of the Sinhala political spectrum? What is the ideological and Political Orientation of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam? What is its strategic plan? What about its methods and tactics and the charge of ruthlessness What early influences shaped the personal political evolution and thinking of its top leader? In this concluding part of an extended taperecorded interview in Madras with N. Ram of THE HINDU Mr. W. Prabakaran, the LTTE leader, responds to these questions in detail. His responses in Tamil have been translated.
| hawe to declare war", and to receive further assistance. He shows himself to this forum as being extremely enthusiastic about a political solution despite repeated.setEacks and rebuffs. As One who is not put off by failures. Internally, of course, he does not offer anything substantive; he is still revolving his offer around the idea of provincial councils.
Jayewardena's strategy
Thirdly, and this is crucial, his strategy has to deal with the Government of India, if he can make the Indian Gowernment Tepose faith in him, if he can make it believo in these paltry Concessions and win its approval. if he can create misunderstanding between the Indian Go Wernment and then He al di Sam Luis and destroy us. This is his line of thinking. In fact, he has asked India publicly to help him push through these proposals and also to hel P him implement them.

Page 12
el: Спе 1ast area. I would like to ask you a few questions on your ideological Outlook and politics. Warious things have been said and written about you and the LTTE, and obviously everyone goes through some kind of political evolution. I would like to get an insight into how you see yourself, your political evolution and ideology over time, To start with, how would you characterise the ideology of the LTTE
A: Socia | Ism and Tali Eelan form our political Ideology, our C:). LISE
Q: When journalists or external observers try to interpret the Tamil militant phenomenon, they characteri5e some of the organi - 5ations as "nationalis :""" in origintation or perspective and some others as "socialist" or Left. For example, they would say the LTTE (and earlier TELO) came to the struggle from a "nationalist' angle whereas EROS and EPRLF brought a somewhat different outlook with an emphasis on Socialism or left-oriented politics. Would you like to Comment on this differentiation
A: To me the activities of all the (militant) organisations look the same. What is the difference in the practice of those who are supposed to be committed to 'nationalism"" and those who profoss the other thing (laughter)? You know that brands of socialism wary according to who professes and Interprets it. Everyone claims to be a socialist. Does not Mr. JayeWardene clan this label for Tself? You can judge the product only when those who profess socialİsm put it Into Practice, We advocate a socialism that fully reflects our people's interests and aspirations, a socialism that harnesses the creative abilities of the Tasses. Some time ago, I rima dė reference to the Yugoslav pattern' (in a positive light). We consider i El Socialist experimentation - where democracy has to be enhanced in the political process. Through workers self-management,
O
democratic partici a Sociali St Set
Yugoslav patt
Our objective
a great extent, Pe. in a socialist syst consider the "Yug bg aur model. W our OWN pattern Let's look for a Ճther thing Yuge to do. It tried force' during N. cooperation with origin of the no ment. They hawe (progressive) str same time, they dent stand With selves with arıyor as these appealt these aspect 5 se along these lines ing of a pattern is suited to our P. cal heritage. W Sociai || 5: Tu L Lurda and there are r There is, howe ПЈg|g class,
G: One idea forward (in an in recently and P | Stets SW organisation bel party state after of liberation.
apprehensions...
A: It depend: Peo Pola want an c. cam chCOS a fra Wat Takoa. for Has not to Co nated political long period? Do ewen today. Y. doubts and susp has given rise to is that they 靼f在 by those who w leaders Without We sald Has Tad of the Hinds af stood aloof from nurse high lead

pation is allowed 나P.
is to allow, to ople's democracy II. We do not ioslav pattern' to We Will work out in the future. Ole Eslavia has sought to create a "third shri "s time, in him: that was the -WEסוח aligned-ח an active role in uggles; at the take an indepenut aligning themle. Aspects such o Lus; we consider" riously and think We artë thinkof Socia||51 that eople, our historia hawe a special nd in fact, In our to big capitalists. rr i LT 2 TOLS
that has been put Interwiew you gawe
Erhaps in other ell) is that your eyes in a 2* Ithachi awam et That has raised
on what the go for. They
y the party they - example, Iпdia. ngre 55 party domi fel Here 0Wica" a ES Tot it TL | 3u III ention the clons our position 3. My impression I created mainly yamL to be como
fighting! What e a special impact * - Ethose who hawe
the struggle, but }rship ambitions.
Look at the entre range of socialist countries. What prevails there? Is it not one party which, having worked for the revolution and having been approved by the people, wields power? Look at Cuba, the Soviet Union every socialist country. By the Way,
consider this in the nature of a necessary examination. Journalists can be regarded as the examiners of politicians. You represent the public and mediate between us and the people. What we are able to convey to you with effort and precision, as in an examination reaches the people. But, in truth, you are the danger for us (laughter)
- HINDU
(To be continued)
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Rs. 35 - for I year Rs. 75- for 6 months

Page 13
M. A. W. B.
South Africa, U.S. in
S T OST COTTEt to "S AntiA Cipated, the 8th Summit concentrated on South Africa. This was only natural. TE
London mini-summit clearly showed the intensity of feeling on this issue not |ust among African countries, but the Whole World and many western states, with liberal regimes and even conservative governments not totally Insensitive to Humanitarian Concept. Of course there are two great exceptions, the US and UK.
While condemning the barbaric apartheid regime in Pretoria the N.A.M. had no choice but to Point an accusing finger at the
TERRORISM
Countries at We assisting South
srael etc.
The nonalign placed strong issue of World mament. They ргcaposals — Mr. have cleverly ti to Mr. Reagan to 15.5 "Tes to join the yea O N-55 || LH
it in Tid
lead to fruit
discussions.
The U. S. wa
conference taking
Reagan's Policies Subsi
Anthony Lewis
f Americans were asked whether a political cause could the deliberate maiming and killing of innocent civilians. most would surely reject the idea. Those are the tactics of terrorism, they would say. That is the indiscriminate brutality of
Soviet repression in Afghanistan.
But the United States government today allies itself with forces that use exactly those tactics. It actively supports such forces. And it does so in ful knowledge of their brutalities. In the Reagan doctrine the end justifies the means.
Nicaragua and Angola are the current examples. In both, the Reagan administraion supports armed groups that are trying to overthrow established leftwing go wernment:5. In both, a fundamental tactic of the opposition forces is to terrorize the civilian population.
The Nicaraguan "contras," unable to hit significant military targets, have focused their rage on farms, cooperative settlements
and schools in re. The result is
Сп Jшпа 27, a cattle cooperat of Comoapa. Acc fror the 5 Cene la threw a grenad killing Evo chi beds - sisters ag CdIl tr:15 Urrier f took five reside When they left.
Diplomats and d'ents also report land Tines. Cor Times in the агe the only. II In the bordgr finition, the min Criminate 15 at
There was an incident on July was blown up El Cua in Jinote 34 people werek other trucks "The contras h; mines in a big w; in Nicaragua said

the Dock
y cooperating and Africa - US, UK,
ld leaders also emphasis on the peace and disar
hoped that new
Gorbachev may imed his appeal
on Aug. 19 not 'ityחportuקסricסt *-old moratorium the NAM sumWorld at cast ful superpower
15 keer on the : up the question
But the pro-US lobby failed to for
of "international terrorism'
mulato the final resolution in a manner favoured by Washington. Libya was fresh in their memories, and just to make sure that the Harare summit took account of the US aggression, Colonel Gaddafi made sure that the cameras were firmly focussed on him. Besides there was Nicaragua and US moves in Central Ameria, The nomaligned leaders expressed "outrage' over US policies. For very sound reasons as the following New York Times article by Anthony Lewis demonstrates.
dize Savagery
mote rural areas. villiam casualites.
contras attacked ive in the w||age Ording to reports er, the attackers 2 into a house, ldren in their ed 5 a 12. The iwe Houses and Its. With them
U.S. corresponextensive use of 1 tras plant the HITE. Toads that nks to villages
areas. By de!s produce indis
5.
especially gris
2. When a true Jy a mine naar ga province and illed. But many awe been hit. סe intחסaVe E ay," a diplomat
The savagery of the tactics is
no secret. Missionaries have been kidnapped and murdered. But none of that has any Wisible
effect on the Reagan administration's policy. Neither does the ewldence of Corruption among the contra leader-5. The R thing that matters is the end: overthrowing the Sandinist govern
Tel E.
In Angola the anti-government force is headed by Jonas Savimbi, a figure who has been on every Ideological side during years of trying to make himself Angola's ruler. The Reagan administration hails him as a "freedom fighter."
A report in the Washington Post last week threw fresh fight on the character of Mr. Savimbi
and his war. It described a particularly a revolting atrocity. Last Feb. 8, several hundred
soldiers attacked Camabate la in nothern Angola, killing 107 Villagers. By all available accounts,
(Continued on page 17)

Page 14
to link with technolog
Few other Countries can cli that capital in wested over 15 centuries ago in extensi irrigation programmes is still contributing to their I.
, , , and Sri Larka is lini to these age old asset Diversion Complex WF ito a bette life.
CIC chani Els a Wider E Lanka's agriculture at Field to Factory FIt Cottage Weaver.
Modern experti
improved
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

king modern technology Sthrough the Mahaweli ich will assuredly lift us
Inge of expertise into Sri ld industry. From Paddy or of Tol Plantation tO
Se medns

Page 15
Impressions of t
Sirimavo Bandaranalike (President S.L.F.P.)
he government of China, the
рагty and the people аге now participants in a mighty, fewerish race to "catch-up", catch up not only on the developed world but to catch up on lost time, the ruinous, wasteful years LLL LLK LLLLLSL S S L HOLLL LLLLHS S LCa Mrs. Si rimavo Bandaranaike speaking LLLLLL S SLLSK LSSS S LSLS S LLS S HH SLLLL SLLLS cent visit to the Peoples Republic where she was a guest of the prestigious Institute of Foreign Affairs.
"That was the Strongest Impression imprinted on my mind. from the moment arrived and more so at the end of an exciting and to me, Very educative visit' she said. Excerpts:
As you know, my earlier Wisi L5 to China was a 5 Prime Minister. Naturally, almost all 蠶 til was given to i officia T talks - and conversations, with Chairman Mao, with Prime Minister Chou en Lai, and other leaders of government and party. This visit was different. Not that I regarded it as a pleasure trip. It was keen on seeing the 'new' China with my own eyes. I was anxious to meet the new leadership and understand their approach to China's present problems, to grasp the thinking of those who are planning the future of the World's largest country, almost a quarter of the human race'.
O Myintroduction to the 'new' China was almost immediate, front my very first visual impression. Earth-moving machines, giant bulldozer5 EFactor's Crane5 Tachnery... People Working at a fewerish pace . . . signs of the new development drive, what they call "rodernisation". To be frank at the end of my visit, I was left wondering whether the pace Was far too fast! BLE | Faso leart something, China needs foreign capital, China needs the most modern and sophisticated technology ... that is only natural, it is still a developing country. Yet, the engineers, the techni
cians, the plant supervising all drawing up the
these are almos Chinese. There i for L5 here. Som E
蠶 on foreign a and technology,
try with the res has to do so, b. handing over the
jects, lock, Stoc foreigners. The liance, as far as
sible the idea of is still alive in words, there is a the two in this
moder risation - r outside world for have, and depe Tan poWer reSOLIr: mum possible. . .
C I was lucky the time I had to various parts | wisited five pro so by plane, by and even by ship | Saw much Tor people from diff life, and spoke homes or work pl enjoy not only t
55 FC many historical si Great Wa || Lo | to visit schools, farms, housing sc tations, and a m: tric project.
O Let us rene too is primarily country. The sphere are most ir the Tiain air is duction, and off to the rural p. too We found CF sation in differen tance, incent We structures of own: gennent hawe been aIm |r1 l rıird. been replaced by COTE) 102 700 Will:

he ‘new’ China
eers, the men these projects, blue-prints . . . . lt ||00, parcent is a useful asson times We Hawe to 5sistance, money and eWen a couno Luces of China ut they are not ir eConormic prokad bare to idea of self re
is humanly posthe old leadership China. In othar balance between period of rapid relying on the what they don't Inding on their tes to the maxi
on this trip for o travel freely of the country. winces, and did car and train, As a res LI IE, *, met far more GTOE WalkS of o them in their aces. So I could hic great Cultural
|고, 다다 3EE 5C ites, from the he palaces, but
factories, and
hemes, ea Planssive hydro-elec
Iber that China an agricultural changes in that Iteresting. Again to increase Proar a better |ife pulation. There hange, modernit ways; for Inshawe beer given 3rship, and manachanged with this CoTTLIT es hawe townships, which ges. These are
self-contained. They work as a production unit or team.
O. To our pleasant surprise we stopped on a Sunday at a village ""Pola". This too is part of the modernisation program, part of the policy of increasing production through incentives to individuals. The farmers are allowed to sell their own produce at an market, and we watched these 'sales points' and how each farmer and his family brings their vegetable, eggs, meat fruit and handicrafts. Cattle bree
ding poultry keeping etc. are encouraged. And each township has a large fishing project, making
these “units" Self-Suficient in fish.
is this private profit? No, not at all. Individual enterprise is promoted but within a socialist
system, where all land, all means of production are state-owned. But the better farmer, the more
hard working individual must be rewarded. As a result small blocks ofland are giyen forhouse-building. Since the land is limited, farmers have two and even three-storeyed houses, some of them with television in their drawing rooms. The government helps by selling them building materials cheap. There's no doubt about it. Great strides have been made by Chinese agriculture. The farmer's are much better off than they were, and production in the country has risen rapidly.
O China of course has one huge advantage, the size of its domestic market. This was our Impression when we wisted the Special Economic Zones. In addition to these which are mostly located on the coasting for obvious reasons of acca 55 to owo T5ea5, market5, there are 4 special industrial centres. Foreign investment, Japanese, American, Hongkong etc. has poured into China. A certain percentage of the manufactured goods can B5 released to del markat. Totali investimant exceeds 3.5 bil|lics. H. K. dollarg.
(Continued on page 23)

Page 16
Part II
TULF memo t
ANNEXURE - III
EVOLUTION OF POWER IN RESPECT OF LAND
4.
Land has been one of the major areas of friction. Its history relates back to the
early 1950s, when major colonisation schemes commenced.
| Es origin is of a much earlier date, then other areas of fiction. Policies
pursued hitherto, have endangered the very existence of the Tam i 15. The 5 urtyi Wall i5 a IImost wholly dependent upon a just resolution of this ques
iO.
Sharing of Power, through Devo
lution, Would mean that Power
is transferred to the State in respect of specified subjects. This, in effect, means that certain Subjects will come under the authority of the State. In respect of a devolved subject, unless there be walid reason why a specified functional area has to be
retained by the Centre, func
tions related to a devolved subject chould not be withheld from the State. The subject as such, should be devolved.
Sharing of Power through Devolution, also means, that, in regard to the power transferred, such power would be independently exercised only by the State and that the Centre Would not ha We the right to exercise such power, nor to monitor, review or revise the exercise of such power by the State.
Those basic tenets have to be observed if the irksome question relating to Land is to be resolved through the means of Devolution of Power. It would be a frivolous exercise to approach this question otherwise.
Any attempt to sustain the su Premacy of the majority
W
W
nationality, b of Natura preferential deprivation c nationality, :
Tinan n 2 ", a 5 political right of the Tinor even in parts in which Sud tionality has a and indispute սոjust, and can Rational and ciples have ne hither to in th sharing and National Res. larly in relati
The owera di of the State W the managemen of its natur appropriate til on objective
criteria, in th of all the pe Within its at and the count While the St. i 5 OW1 i TG til and research, suggestions ba and research lewe! Would : the consideral in the for over-all de Wel
The principle, the loca ley priority consi pect of entitl land is Contai Development State of Sri tently wiolate and acted in provisions of
elopment Ord
It would bet of the State finance develo Ties that wo sections of must be ex State Would

o Rajiv
y the allocation Resources or a basi 5, to the if the minority լnd in such a to erod the is and interests ity nationality, of the country h minority naWell recognised ble claim5, is not be accepted, Equitable prinit been followed matter of the management of turces, parti Cuon tք Land,
evelopment plan sould encompass t and utilization resourses, in me-frames based and scientific e best interests bple who live 2a of authority iry as a whole. it should Hawe :utions of study guidance and study חס5ed up it the Central ertainly receive on of the State ulation of its opment plan.
that people at el should hawa deration, in resTesalti tio - State ed il the Land Ordinance. Tha anka Hlas con 5i 5I this principle,
breach of the the Land Day
е гesропsibility Eo sponsor and ment Program
ldi benefit a || its society. It cited that the
Tot i fai || || thi 5
regard, and that it would act without consideration of race. religion or caste.
In its formative years, the State could be trusted to act in a principled way. It should not be assumed that the State would follow the unprincipled practices of the Sri Lanka State, which has led to the grave situation prevalent in the country today.
With due regard to the above, the following proposals are made :-
Powers of the State, other insti
tutions with II territoria of State,
|inmits
ordinances, and a WS
Pertaining to Land, and Statutory functions.
Broadly speaking, the State should have command over the natural resources within its area of authority. Considering the grievance in relation to Land Alienation, authority ower land is a prerequisite, not merely for the removal of one of the most wital arcas of friction, But is also, basic to planned socioeconomic development, by the
LLaLC S HHC LaLS SLLLL S S LLCaCL S LH authority.
The State should be Wested
with power over land, with in its area of authority. (It may, in the exercise of its discretion, entrust functions Pertain ing to land, and other allied Tatters to other institutions within its area of a uthority).
All powers pertaining to Land in all its aspects, including Land Settlerient Lundert i I irrigation schemes, and other forms of Land Sette merit, falling within the territorial |imit5 - of th State, arn d 3 || other forms of land use including land development, and land acquisition, within the said territorial limits will be a devolved subject.

Page 17
W
W
W
W. At the
In regard to a devolved subject there can be assignment of functions by the Centre to any other institutions within the territorial limits of a State nor any seperate allocation of funds to any such institution, for any purpose related to a devolved subject.
Allocation of funds by the Centre in regard to devolved subjects, will be only to the State. A II fund5, w I || be credited to the Consolidated fund of the State. (Such State may in its discretion assign to any other institution, within Es territorial limits, such funds as may be necessary for the performance of any function entru sted by it to the said institution.
Classification of settlement schames based upon extent 15 un necessary. In the Context of land in all its aspects
being a devolved subject.
All statutory functions presently performed by the Minister for Lands and Land Development the Land commissioner, the Government Agent, Land Officers, and other statutory functionaries Within the territorial limits of the State under all existing laws should be devolved.
Thimpu Conference in July 1985, the subject "State and and Fore-Shore" was added by the Sri Lankan Government Delegation to the subjects and functions that should be exclusively reserved by the Government (Added to Annexe- Report of committee-A). This formulation is totally un acceptable. Power over Land is generally a devolved subject, for e.g. In the Constitution of India "Land, that is to say, rights in or overland, land tenures, transfer and alienation of agricultural land, land Improvement and agricultural loans, Colonisation' is a State subject. This Principle should be followed.
IX. Along with ||
in a II it5 : above, thart wed subjects ture, Agaria tion, Animal Housing whic the planned a zation of land are generally Statu tory fu performed by the above su different 5t delw o liw c2d.
LAND GRANTS:
The extent Northern an Ces Wested in COTTi5501 Reform Law i and constitut fraction of in the Land sion through Nevertheless, performed b Minister 5 and 5 ch L Wested in th
NON-STATUTC FUNCTIONS:
Non-statutor ted to Land
subjects abov anciliary to til
areas, and
inevitably fa perview of t wed. No spe of Non-statu required. Ot dewolved, all functions rel: ject, shall c authority of
NATIONAL SE SCHEMES:
The phrase ment Schemes er to, Land
taken Place ei or major Irr based upon th that would b particular iris The expres Settlement S introduction
of the ""Natio is not in ke to Land Sett

he subject of land spects as stated should be de wolsuch as Agriculservices, irrigaHusbandry and are te lated to id efficien E. UtiliThese subjects evolved subjects. |ctions presently functionarics in ect areas, under tutes shia II ba
of land In the | Eastern provinthe Land Reform Lunder the Land s mot substantia, es only a minor tha and Wested Reform Commisput the country. the functions y the central ild be devolved, and should be 5 State.
RY
y functions relaand the other referred to are Te main functionwould therefore with the hic subject devoltial enumeration iory functions is Ice a subject is non-statutory ted to that subme within the tha State.
TLEMENT
National Settle" is new, Hithsettlement has her under minor gation schemes,
| extent of land գրefit under a gation scheme. on "National herine' and the if the element
a Ethnic Ratio" ping in regard ΕΠΙ ΕΠt.
It is violation of the principle accepted in the Bandaranayake-Chelwanayagam Pact, that in thea matter of Colon Ization schemes, the powers of the regional councils shall be employed for work on such schemes.
It is also in violation of the principle accepted in the Dudley Senanayake-Chelwanayagam Pact that in the granting of land under colonization schemes in the Northern änd Eä5tern Provinces Tamil speaking persons resident in the Northern and Eastern Provinces and Tani I citizens in the rest of the island were entitled to certain priorities.
The above pacts did not distinguish between minor or major irrigation schemes, and since the bone of contention at the time of making of the pacts were the major colonization schemics, then
in the process of implementation, 體 expression "Colonization Schemes' clearly referred to the matter in issue at that time.
Thc effect of the non-observance of these pacts to the Tamil people has been most detrimental. The Increasia in the Sinhala population in the period since independence in the Eastern Province has been 243 סE - 27556 חסfr 883.13% 358 while the Island wido increase in the Sinhala population during the same period has been 237.70% from 4,62, 507 to 10,985,666.
The increase in the Tamil population in the Eastern ProVince during the said period has been 392.40% from 136, O59 to 445 while, the increase in the Muslim population in the same period has been 288.94% from 109,024 to 35,02.
(The figures are based on the census of the year 1946 the year prior to independence, and the year 1981, the last available census).
5

Page 18
W
W
W
WI
The United National Party in its election manifesto of 1977 identified ''Colonization' as one of the rajor grievances of the Tamil people which had led to the demand for a seperate state, and undertook to remedy this grievance,
Throughout, the long history of the issue of Colonization the expression "National Settlement Schemes' and the element of the "National Ethnic Ratio' were newer in usage. On the contrary, though not implemented, what was accepted was the principle of Preference for Tamil speaking persons in respect of land in the Northern and Eastern Provinces. The Present proposal of "National Settlement Schees' and the element of LLLLK S S aaaaHSL S LLLL S LaLL LLS would institutionalise the hither to resisted violation of Lhis principle.
The Tamil People contend that the concept of "National Settlement Schemes'" and the ele Teil of the ""Natio Ethnic Ratio' will further adversely alter the demographic composition of the Northern and Eastern provinces. The implementation of this concept, through whatever formula, would in effect Ilean a land for the Sinhalese in the rest of the country and th C. ""NäLĩChā || Ethnic: or at the best, some slight improvement thereon, in the Northern and Eastern ProwinCes. This is just not accepta
Էle.
The Tani I people do not accept the introduction of the element of the "National Ethnic Ratio" in so-called Natio Settlernent Schemes". The Tamil People oppose the introduction of the "National Settlement Schemes' or the element of the "National Ethnic Ratio' in the Tatter of Land settlement
within the territorial limits of the State. The Mahaye Development
Scheme is the only major irrigation scheme comparable
with irrigati to iWars. tries, and
benefit lands of the Out the utter Tamils to Land Settlemi side tha Nor Provinces, it en uniciated til in reտբect o under irrigati as the Maha' Cumulative p Tamil and M to the tot: that would it a scheme Country sho to the in Northern an Cés. Previo the Tanner of Colonisati Northern an Cg5 a SG CC people to en principle | Lion of th: the above just by any also cens Lutet phic composi
Teas is through Land thլը Mahliրը || (Vide:- Se Maha մ բIIt G: Scheme).
The Principle in respect oi Lunder the Ni ment Schem Wed in the
In the fun|Ik
and in the benefit ing u Developema futura date the same p feasible, and consi total exten wing irrigati major irrig all parts of
COITTT ET CIETTE Consideratio til or of the Irrigation S context shou by mutual

om Lunder inter| in Cher Courl
is intended to in se Yeral parts ry. In view of
impossibility for old land in any at Scheries outther and Easten hic Tamil's had he principle, that f land lietation on schemes, such wel || Scherme, the ercentage of the 511 entitlement lity of the land enefit under such throughout the uld be allotted areas within the d Eastern provinis experience of of implimentation on Schemes, in the d Eastern provinpelled the Tamil Uncia to the abo We It is the contelTamil people, that Irinciple which is standard would hat the demograition of the TaTi it further eroded Sattlement under Diversion Scheme. Dera te Pa Per On Inga Development
en Luciatad abowe F land settlement ahawelli Develope should be obserEastern Province. tely event of any Northern Province a te MH5Y3|| it Scheme, at a obser Warce of rinciple would be should be ensured deration of the E of and rececon facili i5 Under ation Schemes in the country. The nt date for Such In and the defini2xpression "Major chemes' in this |d be det etmined AgrΕΕΠΠΕΠΕ.
XI
XII
Since Land in all its aspects, would be a subject, implementation of Land Settlement Programmes under the Maha welli Diversion Scheme within the Territorial limits of a State would be within the ambit of a devolved subject.
Implemenation of the Mahavelli Development Scheme 15 by the Central Government. Maintenance of irrigation structures and systems and the infrastructure that falls within the scheme would also be by the Central Government or, if considered appropriate, maintenance of structures and systems with-In the territoria limits of a State could He Eritrusted to the State, and the funds required specifically allocated to the State. Like Wise, maintenance of infrastructure could be entruste to the Statea and the necessary funds allocated.
NATIONAL RESOURCES DEWELOPMENTCOMMISSION
THaNational Resourés Develpment Commission in so far as it 5egkis to curtai || or circul 5 cribe In any way the exercise by the State of powers in relation to a devolved subject is unacceptable. Ecological Balances can Be maintained and en wirionmental consideration duly heeded by a State, without interference by such a commisision.
The formulation of this new proposal, at this time when evolution is under consideration militates against the very essence of devolution, and is seen as effort to stifle the exercise of de wolwe di POW25.
The proposal that the National Resources Development Commissio 5h o Lld colsider and approve of settlement schemes proposed by the State reveals the true motive for the setting up of this commission. This proposal would wreck the whole concept of devolution. The Tamils oppose this proposal.

Page 19
POWER RESERVED TO THE MINISTER:
| The
Cētrā Mister W have no powers in respect of a devolved subject, within the territoria limit 5 of a State. There wi|| || be o reser Weld powers on the subject of Land.
STAFF:
The staff responsible for land adminisEration within the territorial limits of the State will be the Staff of the State and subject to its disciplinary contro SU 5 Laff Cold be staff which has been seconded for service in the State, or staff which has been directly retruited to 5 erwe the State.
Neither the Government Agent, nor the Head of the Dept. whose officer officers hawe been seconded for service to a State, would exercise direct disciplinary control over any mernbar of the staff in the service of a State.
In the case of in officer Secoded fort ser wice in the State, the Head of the Department to Which SLICH office is permanently attached, would act, except for valid reason, in keeping with the recommendation of the executive of the State in regard to the officers continuance or otherwise in the service of the State, his increments, Promotional Prospects etc.
The matters in respect of which the Head of the Department may exérci5 e control ower the officer officers seconded could be worked out, but, cannot be, in relation to the performance by the officer af duties and functions in respect of the subject devolved.
In respect of other aspects of the service of such officers during the period of their attachment to the State, co-ordination between the Head of Department to which officer is permanently attached,
W
the executive and the State לוח חסissiוח וחםC
Une: State
isa FV its staff, da bc.com a moc. rity of the E. State War its uniquestioned.
FOREIGNFUND
The State W POWer ta me resources by
and by rais ing
Whether any } to be laid d. of the rei of foreign fun [C5 ad If so may be deter
If 5 Luch forgi or grant relat project withi a dowowed 5. project falls
Ei it State Would
men ting agenc:
If such forei Or grant is and relates to ject within t devolved sub. With || LHie te of a State, t tra 15fer Tec to the 5tate Wol menting agene of the funding cy may hawe : or latterly ot
If such foreign grant is to th a block a CC a particular f in the Whole such activity scope of a de the tha amor to a State, With the ex State, 5h3|| be it and the Sta implementing activity.

of the State public Ser Wices ly be necessary.
15 - Eble to cxe-- a control over Wolution Wolld tery. The authoKöCLItİVe of the
staff must be
ED PROECTG:
Ճuld haire thը bilise financial receiving grants
loans.
procedure 5, hawe ESPECEח חזקה, חWנ pt by a State ided grants and such procedures Tied
gn funded loan as to a specific in the scope of bject, and the within the ter
of a State the
be the imple
W.
gn funded loan to the Centre
a specific prothe scope of a ject, and falls irritorial limits e fund will Ele the State, and ild be the impley. The sanction Country QT geno ba previously Laisod.
fundad Ioan ör = CETitTP, dịT1ũ j5 tion related to [eld of activity Country, and fa || 5 with in the -volved subject, it apportionable En consultation ecutive of the transferred to e sha. Ele tha agency for such
Reagan's Policies . . .
(Continued from நாg II)
the attacker's Were Jonas Sawim
bi's men. They used bullets, machetes and knives. They killed women, children, a Methodist
35 COr.
That incident was consistent with the general pattern of Savimbi terrorism. Tho Savimbi
forces plant mines in the productive farming areas of Angola, with the intent - and effect of driving farmers into the overburdened cities. Thousands of people have lost legs. The International Red Cross has opened a factory to make artificial limbs.
The Savimbi tactics are no secret. Diplomats have been reporting them for a long time. Mr. Savimbi boasts of shooting down civillan airliner5. He has taken groups of foreigners as hostages and marched them hundFets of Tiles.
The Reagan administration shows no embarrassment at any of that. It is evidently proceeding with its planned shipments of military aid to Mr. Savimbi. A story, in The Weekly Mail of South Africa says that CIA Director Will Cise wisted South Africa in March to make plans for that aid.
To fight communism, we are told, America must turn a blind
eye to Savagery. The i rony Is that in the long run it is damaging its own interests. The
legacy of the Reagan doctrine in Nicaragua and Augola will be anti-Americanism.
Does anyone care? Not many in Mr. Reagan's Washington, evidently. The House of Representatives cayed in on aid to the contras in June. In the Senate, even a man as sensible on most Issues as Bill Bradley has cast a
crucia II wote for that aldı. But think the American character will tell in the end, and turn
Americans in revulsion from such Cyrill.
The New York Tries.
17

Page 20
With the tree chances of W Lottery holds out your brightes Which can be ower a million rupe
Development Lottery proce President's Fund to pro Tote the ,tryחuםם urסf Wם
Mahapola Scholarships, Pre: graduate studies abricard, tube IWE granting of relief to victims of n: activities financed by the DH Welt President's Fund.
So when you next spend Rs Lottery ticket, remember that y the prospect of your own fortur progress.
 
 

Development Lottery - the
lottery with the Midas touch, the pot of gold at the end of the
dirbo OW totes of thou GT dS of ordinary people - has become a household word in ri Lak.
inning that it offers, Development : chance of a personal fortune
Es.
eds are channelled through the de Velopment and prosparity
ident's Scholarships for postills to provide drinking water and qtLira disa5 ter5 are 5. Tiig of the pment Lottery through the
10/- to buy a Development ou holdin your hamid not just Ie but the key to your country's
3-way chanca toаfortuпе.mise of ргоgгаваםחק try'sחuו
듣 프

Page 21
PRESS COLVMVC
ORI
An article published in the 'Lanka Guardian' of the 15th February, 1982 was the cause of a complaint made by Prof. Kingsley de Silva, dated the 20th April, 1982 against Mr. Mervyn de Silva, Editor, as well as against the publisher, printer and proprietor of the "Lanka Guardian', a magazine published fortnightly. The article was entitled "History of Lanka - Great Minds Agree?' and the complainant alleged that it contained the imputation that he has been guilty of plagiarism and had not conformed to accepted academic standards with regard to acknowledging aLaaL S LLLLS S LL S LLaaaLLLLL S DLLaaLLLL LS LLLLL S LLLLLLa LCOLL produced in evidence marked P.
The complaint is that the article is un true, di storted and improper and the complainant seeks as his relief the publication of both censure and correction in this magazine; he also seeks costs.
The article contains "correspondences" between passages in the complainant's book, "A History of Sri Lanka", which was published in 1981 by the Oxford University Press, and four other authors, Michael Roberts, L.A. Wickremeratne, S.B.D. de Silva and A.D. W. de S. Indra ratne, Whose Works were Written in 1973, 1975 and 1966, that is, some years earlier. The similarity In the language of each pair of correspondences is the basis of the imputation of plagiarism.
However that may be, two of these scholars, Dr. Michael Roberts and Dr. L.A. Wickremeratine, wrote letters, one from Adelaide and the other from Illinois, about the imputations in the article, clearing Prof. K.M. de Silva of all impropriety. So far as they are concerned, therefore, Prof. K.M. de Silva is completely absolved. Their letters were published in the "Lanka Guardian" and were produced in evidence marked P2 and P3 respectively. In fact, Mr. Mark Fernando, P.C. for the complainant also produced marked P4 a passage from the complainant's Preface to his "History of Sri Lanka", which contains the following statement: "I have relied mainly on published and unpublished material, much of it produced by my colleagues in the Department of History at the University of Peradeniya, many of whom have also, in discussions, guided me through minefields of controversy in their areas of specialisation'. This acknowledgement, together with the evidence given by Prof. K.M. de Silva about the practice of collaborative research, complements the letters sent by Dr. Roberts and Dr. Wickrellerating,
LLLe LLLLLL GLLL LLLSaaLLLLK SSS SS LLLHHLLLLLLLS L LLL CaCLLLLLLS LS LLLLaLLLLLLLS LLLLL CHLLLL LLLL SLLLLLLLL LLLLLL at page 464 of the complainant's "History of

DER
Sri Lanka". At the foot of this page there is a reference to Dr. Indraratne's book "The Ceylon Economy, From the Great Depression to the Great Boom" published in 1966 and learned Counsel for the complainant submitted that this reference was sufficient acknowledgament.
The bitterest dispute in this inquiry was that between Prof. K.M. de Silva as complainant on the one hand and Dr. S.B.D. de Silva on the other hand. They both gawe evidence before this Council. The only other witness for the complainant was Dr. A.J. Wilson but his evidence does not touch the dispute between the complainant and Dr. S.B.D. de Silva. Dr. Wilson spoke to the high esteem in which Prof. K.M. de Silva LHCG aa SS LLLLLLLL S KLLLKS LCLLL S S H S 0SLS LLLLLL and abroad.
It is not in dispute that the complainant and Dr. S.B.D. de Silva had at one time engaged in collaborative research with each other as such, They knew each other for many years but each Ràಳ್ಗೆ to have pursued his own way both in their work and in the circles in which they moved. There was of course a certain overlap in their circles of acquaintances and colleagues. The complainant as 35. D. S. B.D. i de Siwa had made clear mistakes in their evidence so far as they relied on their memory alone. However, documents were produced on behalf of both and these documents helped to some extent to clear the confusion that resulted from their defective Temory.
Prof. K.M. de Swa relied on a bound typed Copy produced in evidence marked PIO which was a draft of part of the work which appeared under the title "History of Sri Lanka' by Prof. K.M. de Silva published by the Oxford University Press in 1981. In evidence Prof. K.M. de Silva stated at one point that he had finished this typescript between the end of 1976 or the first part of 1977. He also said that when he finished P10, he had not previously seen any written work by Dr. S.B.D. de Silva from which he could have drawn material for PIO. Elsewhera, Prof. K.M. de Silva said that he would date PIO any time between 1975 and 1976. He also stated that he took this
document with him when he went to England in 976.
In spite of all these discrepancies, there is internal evidence supplied by the document PIO itself. At page 96 or PIO there is a reference to the "death, at the end of April 1977 of Mr. S.J.W. Chelwanayagam, leader of the TUF, President of the Federal Party and undisputep leader of the indigenous Tamils'. One must
9

Page 22
assume therefore, that P | 0 must hawe been completed by Prof. K. M. de Silva towards the middle of 1977 at the earliest.
Dr. S.B.D. de Silva in his evidence relied on a mimeograph produced in evidence marked DI5 and he also relied on a typescript document smaller in volume produced marked D7. After some revision D5 emerged as a book published by Routledge & Keagan Paul in February 1984. Dr. S.B.D. de Silva on his own admission is a very painstaking Writer reluctant to have his books published because he was engaged in an almost continuous process of revising and polishing them. There is internal evidence here too: pages 3 and 4 of D7 are identical With Pages 398 - 400 of DI 5; indeed, identity begins With the second paragraph of the first page of D7 and the beginning of Page 397 of DI 5 and continues till part of Page 10 of D7 and part of page 404 of D15. After that there is a divergence,
Our concern however is with pages 3 and of D7 and pages 398 — 400 of Dl5 because the eight correspondences set out In Pl are a II drawn from these particular pages of D7 or D5 as the case may be on the one hand and page 273 of the complainant's "History of Sri Lanka' on the other hand. The question that arises is whether the document D5 did reach Prof. K.M. de Silva, as alleged by Dr. S.B.D. de Silva carly enough for Prof. K.M. de Silva to introduce passages from that work into his "History of Sri Lanka". On this point, a Professor of Geography, Dr. Gerald Peiris played a material part. The defence produced a copy of a letter marked D9 dated 5.2.98 sent by Dr. S.B.D. de Silva to Dr. Gerald Peiris. D9 has this passage: "You may recall that handed over to you in Singapore in 1976 a bound cyclostyled copy of an earlier version published given to Kingsley de Silva for his comments... I should be grateful if I could hawe it back'. The defence also produced marked DI 0, the reply sent by Prof. Gerald Peiris to Dr. S.B.D. de Silva dated 8th December. DIO has this passage: "The copy of your manuscript which I brought across from Singapore was handed over to Kingsley shortly after my return".
It would appear that Prof. K.M. da Silva had access to Dr. S.B.D. de Silva's book before he had completed his draft P.O.
20

Unexpectedly, another document from Dr. Gerald Peiris appeared in the course of this inquiry. This is a letter produced marked P17 dated 12th February, 1986 regarding the mimeograph. At this juncture Dr. Gerald Peiris admits that Dr. S.B.D. de Silva handed the mimeograph to him towards the end of 1975 but goes on to LLLLLL S LLaLa S La SLLLLL S S LLLLLLaLaLLLLLL S LLLLKS S L L L S S LaaL complainant late in 1977 and that the complainant then said he was too busy and Dr. Gerald LLaLLLLL aLLL Laa LaLa S SS LLL L S S S LLLLLL S S LL0 S LLLL S S LLLLLL that stage. So much for PI7.
However, the complainant in is evidence stated that Dr. Gerald Peiris handed the mimeograph to him at the end of 1978 or early 1979. The Council L S SLLLL LLLLLLa Laa LHHLLLLLLLLH aaLCaaa L 0 LL P 7 both documents written by Prof. Gerald Peiris. It is surely reasonable to assume that Dr. Gerald Peiris' memory was fresher in December 1981 than in February 1986, four years later.
There is no doubt that Dr. S.B.D de Siwa and Prof. K.M. de Silva were hostile to each other. Thoro is evidence before this Council that even before the article complained of was published in the Lanka Guardian' of 5th February, 1982, Prof. LSLS aLLL 0LLCL La LLLSS 0SL0SLLL LLLLL 0LaHH aaaL LLLLLaL idea of what it was going to reveal. The otter sent by the Complainant to Dr. S.B.D. de Silva and produced in evidence marked D6 was dated Oth February, 1982; it was clearly a prior warning given to him with regard to any allegation that the complainant had made extensive use of Dr. S.B.D. de Silva's material without giving him due acknowledgement. It also contains this sentence: " " If your nama does not appear either in the text or in a footnote, it is for the simple reason that I hava not used your material in my work'. Dr. S.B.D de Silva's reply dated 15th February, I982 (which is the datic of the Publication complained of) was produced in evidence marked DE7. It refers to the congruencies between their respective writings. He states: "There appear to be similarities in form and content, sentence Construction and pharasing', and he calls for a clarification. It appears therefore that the the parties knew what it was all about even before the publication of Pl.
SLS SSLLLLLLLHHHa S LLLaLLLL S LLLLSLSLKS aLLL 0LLLHSS STLLLLL History of Sri Lanka' is a volume of 603 pages. Dr. S.B.D. de Silvas mimeograph DI5 contains 46 I duplicating pages 8" x 13". ln | size therefore

Page 23
they are comparable. Yet the correspondences or congruencies between them are contained in only one page - page 273 - of the complainant's A History of Sri Lanka" and pages 398 - 400 of C15, the mimeograph.
On the evidence before the Council, it is possible to find that Prof. K.M de Silva made use of some sentences from a then unpublisheb work of Dr. S.B.D. de Silva. Academic scholars
are expected to be meticulous and particular in their approach but an over meticulous person may
regard a venial lapse as a cardinal sin. When one looks at the entirety of Prof. K.M. de Silva's informative ! "A History of Sri Lanka'', the Unacknowledged borrowing is not so significant as to warrant the charge or question whether he was guilty of plagiarism, a vice not unknown to literary, academic or political circles. For instance, the 1966 edition of the Encyclopaedia Britanica had this to say of the French Author Stendhal's Book:
Les Lettres ecrites de Vienne en Autriche sur le celebre compositeur, Joseph Haydn, ...'', ''Here In he pillaged Carpani, Schlichtegroll, Winckler and Cramer. His plagiarism would have brought him less reproach if he had acknowledged them more generously". As in fact about three-fourths of Stendhal's book consisted of Plagiarisms, the criticism is wel I justified. Plagiarism which a PProaches Pillage is clearly reprehensible; but in this case there is certainly no Pillage,
it will suffice, in the Council's view if the following correction is published :
"CORRECTION.
the issue of the 'Lanka Guardian" of 5th February, 1982, there was an article entitled ''History of Lanka - Great Minds Agree?' dealing with Prof. K.M. de Silva's
"A History of Sri Lanka"
The writer of the article posed the question "Has Prof. De Silva opened himself to
allegations of plagiarism (question mark omitted).
After an exhaustive inquiry, the Press Council finds that it is possible that Prof. K. M. de Silva Tade Use of a few senterces from a them un Published work of Dr. S.B.D. de Silva who was the chief witness for the defence.

When one looks at the entirety of Prof. K.M. de SI I Wa's infoTTiat I we and extensiwe book, the unacknowledged borrowing is not significant enough to justify question whether he has committed Plagiarism. Dr. S.B.D. de Silva was indignant that his work had been made use of without acknowledgement. Prof. K.M. de Silva was equally indignant at the charge of Plagiarism. Indignation in this case dose not provide justification for the charge of plagiarism though it appears to provide an explanation for it and was the motive force behind the parties to this inquiry: a contest between an academic who had published little and one who had published much.
To this extent the article is improper. The correspondences themselves are neither ultra lor di Storted."
In the circumstances, no costs are ordered
Sgd. Chairman, August 08, 1986. Sri Lanka Pre55 Council.
IN THE PRESS COUNCIL OF SRI LANKA
NO.S2182,465
In the matter of a complaint under section 9(I) of the Sri Lanka Press Council Law No.5 of 1973.
Betwo
Prof. Kingsley M. de Silva of II35/3, Peradeniya Road, Peradeniya.
Complainant.
And
. Mervyn de Silva,
Editor, 'Lanka Guardian' No. 246, Union Place .2 סנbוחם|סC
2. Lanka Guardian Publishing
House Co. Ltd., Publisher & Pro Prietor, "Lanka Guardian", No. 246, Union Place, Colombo 2.
2

Page 24
3. The Proprietor of Ananda Press,
The Printer, 'Lanka Guardian', No. 825, Wolfendhal Street, 13 סbוחסlםC
Defendants
WHEREAS a complaint dated 20th April, 1982 was made by Prof. Kingsley M. de Silva of No. 1353 Peradeniya Road, Peradeniya that there has been published un true, distorted and improper Statement:5 In the newspaper, 'Lanka Guardian" in its issue of 15th February, 1982, in an article under the heading "History of Sri Lanka - Great Minds Agree' dealing with Prof. K.M. de Silva's book called "A History
of Sri Lanka".
AND WHEREAS the said Article contains the question "Has Prof. de Silva opened himself to allegations of plagiarism" (question mark omited). AND WHEREAS the Council held an Inquiry in the prescribed manner into the said complaint and found that, when the entirety of the said book is looked at, any unacknowledged borrowing by the complainant is not significant enough to justify the suggestion of plagiarism and that to that extent the article is impropero.
AND WHEREAS it is necessary to make order in terms of Section 9(1)(a) of The Sri Lanka Pe 55 Couc || Law, No. 5 of 1973.
Therefore, the Correction be published in respect of the aforesaid article.
AND further orders that the Editor, the Printer, the Publisher and the Proprietor publish the aforesaid correction in the "Lanka Guardian in conformity with the contents of the Schedule here to and that the correction be published on or before 15th September, 1986 in an issue of tha Lanka Guardian" .
I. Signed Manel Abhayaratna
| Melboe
2. Signed Leslie Ivor Fernando
Mբmber
3. Signed M. Hussein
Me Iber
4. Signed G.S. Perera
Menber
5. Signed K. B. Sugatha dasa
Mer

6. Signed Prof. Tennakoon Wimalanan da
Member (Signed J.W. Subasinghe, President's Counsel
— Cha Irman) Seal: Signed Secretary Address of the Councill:37, Keppet i pola Mawatha, 5 סbוחסCol
Date August 08, 1986. (Schedule attached)
SCHEDULE Order by the Sri Lanka Press Council
"CORRECTION."
In the 55 Le of the 'Lākā Guard" of 5th February, 1982, there was an article entitled "History of Lanka - Great Minds Agree?' dealing with Prof. K.M. de Silva's "A History of Sri Lanka".
The writer of the article posed the question "Has Prof. De Silva opened himself to al legations of Plagiarism (question mark omitted).
After an exhaustive inquiry, the Press Council finds that it is Possible that Prof. K.M. de Silva made use of a few sentences from a then unpupblished work of Dr. S.B.D. de Siwa who was the chief witness for the defence.
When one looks at the entirety of Prof. K. LLLSaaL aLLS S S LLLLLLLHHLaLLLC S Ca S CCLLLLLLaLLS S aaaLYS the unacknowledged borrowing is not significant enough to justify the question whether he had committed plagiarism. Dr. S.B.D. de Silva was indignant that his work had been made of without acknowledgement. Prof. K.M. de Silva was equally indignant at the charge of plagiarism. Indignation in this case does not provide justification for the charge of Plagiarism though it appears to provide an explanation for it and was the motive force behind the parties to this inquiry: a contest between an academic who had published little and one who had published much.
To this extent, the article is improper. The correspondences themselves are neither un true distorted.
Mr. Mark Fernando, P. C. appeared for Professor K. M. de SIya.
Mr. K., Sh 7nya, I Attorrey—a t-La W apbeared for the Lanka Guardian in the first stage of the proceedings.
When Mr. Shinya was unable to continue due to sness, the Lanka Guardian was represented by Mr. K. C. F. Wijewickrema, Attorneygt-Law.

Page 25
A Prison Without Walls:
A Review of a South African play
Asinamali !
Serena. Tennekolon
A. the violence of apartheid continues to rage in South
Africa, the (curbed) media emphasis es the Politics - arrests, bans, detentions, bombs and deaths. The human aspects of
this political upheaval are all too quickly obscured; and it seems hardly possible that in such tragic times Black South Africans can laugh at the absurdity of their Ives as transformed under apartheid. This is Precisely what the play Asina. Thail and the film Woza Albert do. They are dramatic explorations which traverse that
thin line between comedy and
tragedy.
The play's title Asina mali
means "We have no money.'
It was the rallying cry of a demonstration against the rent hikes in Lamontville township in 1983. The leader of this protest, Msizi Dube, a member of the outlawed African National Congress who had already served ten years in the maximum security Prison of Robben Island, was a community councillor of the township. Dube was later killed by security forces, and in the play, one of the characters describes him as a hero. It was the Lamonty i II e Incident that inspired the play Asina mali !
Playwright Mbongeni Ngema is a thirty-year-old native of the Durban area, who grew up in several of Durban's slums and townships. After dropping out of high school, Ngema tried his
The Lith Carl Edw the Fiľay ni Corne|| University in July 35. It was presented by The Market. Theater Co. (Johanesburg) and Colombia Artists. Theatrical Corp., and sponsored by Cornel University's various special programs,
hand unsuccessful սal) թեs and d: a3 a guitarist.
Was accidental : debut standing in the play sig 1982, Hle Becam part in the coll til of World touring the Uni Woza Albert,
to South Africa mitted Artists,
with directing t gies at attacking
Referring to
mali !, Ngema
i es if the remov, tions. . . (and) rain.' On stage
te o for e board shacks. It the ever presen lity which susta Stage ara fiwe ni cell. The only a boch d · Pended at right b: Out the Play t the larger priso Africa, as the through song, : Prose tha circi brought them be is Tha Calc a white-owned pig discovered by h ting sexual fawo Wife and incarce the Immorality. A phe, a migrant dewastatingly funi "pillar-to-post' is necessary to si mit. The humou Lerror as Hlophe" to Ilurder. Bhe innocent wictim he was the wrot wrong place and Bisholo is a p

ly at several (manifted into theater His acting career he made his |m for Լի է ըն: cino. Finally, in e famous for his aborative producAlbert, After ted States with Ngema returned בוחב)ard Cוח חסti.fחa a group concerned her artistic enerracial opperation.
his play, Asinasays, "its genesis als, forced evic
telt Citig5 1 the however, there Wictions or card1stead, they are t background realins the play, On len in a prison Props consist of Wooden frame susackstage. Throughhe cell becomics of black South fiwe men enact lance, mime and Imstances which hind bars. There farm-hand on a farm, who is is employer granLI rs to the atter's rated for defying Et. Bongan Hlolabourer gives a ly account of the run-a-round that 2Cure a Work PerIt is laced with 's frustration lead ti Mզadl is an security rald: ng colour at the ודוחסlסtime. S etty pickpocket
who has no qua F mis about plyIпg his trade at funerals and demons
Eations. And the young Bhoy Ngerna, who was a follower if the late Msizi Duba, gives us a grPPing account of the Lamontville demonstration which Provides ye, another instance of how very ordinary people can be driven to mi di tančy on some Very basic issues, like housing.
(To be continued)
impressions . . .
(Солtiпшеd from page 13)
O The 'new' China visited does not wish to be left behind, especially after the setbacks suffered during the Cultural Revolution and the confusion it created. It wants to advance rapidly and become a modern, developed nation by the 21st century. For that same reason, China Wants peace, stable conditions in the region, and a world not threatened by wars and military conflicts. The Prime Minister of China was out of Beijing accompanying the Australian Prime Minister. I had a long and informative conversation with the Deputy Prime Minister. Was convinced of China's desire for peace and friendship with all neighbours, and for world peace. | consider myself fortunate that was able to re-visit China after nearly 15 years, and see for myself how a great people were
making their future, with selfconfidence, strong resolve and
Patrio Cism.
23

Page 26
DIVINE REVE
PALI BU
by Peter I
In this study of initiatior of the Buddha), Peter Masefie of Buddhist texts, presents ey that salvation in original Budd interwention of the Buddha's g now commonly accepted view philosophy of self-endeavour, a careful examination of the Buddhism as a revealed religio and the Buddha as every bit
In considering the relat Brahmanic tradition, Dr Masef Was Critical of the brahmins S no longer lived up to the Socia With their predecessors, and reformer, this was only so in a return to the former conser
P
The Sri Lanka Stitute
(P. O. Box 12
George Alien &
HarcCOWEF"
frt
TAPROBANE HO

ELATION IN
DDHISM
VaSefield
in the Nikayas (Discourses ld, Pali scholar and translator idence which makes it clear hism depended on the sawing race and that, contrary to the of Buddhism as a rationalistic the picture that emerges from canonical texts is one of in in every sense of the term the divin e guru.
ionship of Buddhism to the eld shows that the Buddha olely on the grounds that they and religious ideals associated that, if the Buddha was a the sense that he advocated watism of Vedic India.
теa by
of Traditional Studies
04, Colombo)
d
Unwin (London)
Rs 50
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Page 27
Our busine goes beyondt
For wellower five decades we have beef Sri Lanki. We Jr. Juricers in tobucco C ETiployment aridger. Era ing in come for To government reyerhui: irid earn rigs
LLLTLL LLL LLLKCLLLLaS LLLLLL HLLa LLLLLLS alterratic fuels are just two of them.
Weave ESablishgati Sue LILE la of new varieties of orchids. We also p. strawberry and house plants for export
In Qur'searchi for alternate fuels. We ha hriquettes Out of was te coir illust. Th:5 LtLLLTLtCL aaa LLa aL LLLL LL LLLCLLLS
We als CD Coffer CCT suuli 1 al "Cy_3E2F VICEas ir Ei
SNI? Ceylon Tobacco C.
A", rti: ThEi:r F | hi E:
 

SS obacco.
1 Iivolved in Thä Iolactu irtidustry Ir FLyrir preIrtluting self
THF riI Hl får frihr. MH ELIIITriiu
-xchirger the Country,
LL LLLLL LLaLLL LaaLSaLLLLLLLLL LLLLLL
orator, Tainly for the development
du Ce tissu El Cultured
E puer ::TEd Thi TiaiiiLii:Lue | ::: ltrii: Lui: t i E k o HFET a solid #LI g!
inter gw' CI II ilsier, wid li jirri.
ompany Limited
ATL.

Page 28
WE ARE A DIFFERENT KI
Jhere are a multitude of
O They who guard the fre
O They who protect the b
O They who guard the del of us are entitled to a
Each of us is a guardian to
dependency in
BUT THE DIFFERENCE
RESTS ON OUR DEEP CC
WE ARE TRUSTED GUARDI
MONEY, GUIDING YOU ON HON
FOR YOU AND YOUR D.
SO REACH
FOR YOUR LIFE
A Different AKind C
 

ND OF GUARDIAN TO YOU
7uardians during your lifetime
edom of speech & expressien
asic human rights of mankind
mocratic freedoms to which each
citizens
others who view us for their
day to day life
IN OUR GUARDIANSHIP
NCERN FOR YOUR FUTURE
ANS OF YOUR HARI)-EARNED
W TO SPEND AND HOW TO SAVE
EPENDENTS TOMORROWS
OUT TODAY
- LONG GUARDAN
PLE’S BANK
f Guardian For You