Page 1
S jia 6 SM)
aਰੰian Ra IV Gandhi:
LANKA
12 October 5, 1986 Price Rs. 4.00
Jaffna in the
O Hartal and the strains
O The voice of the “peopl
Gaddafi”.
Merv
Third W
TRINCO: The eye of ls the UNP beating a tactic Ethnic conflict: JVP's analysi.
Also: Maxine Molyneux c “Feminism and Na
 
 
 
 
 
 

All Glamour Gone
- Bhabani Sen Gupta
DAN
Registered at the GPO, Sri Lanka QJ/72/N/86
GRIP of war on the economy
- Paul Seabright
e's poet' - D. B. S. Jeyaraj
s challenge to N.A.M.
no are our Friends 2 ho are the traitors ?
race Perera on the 'atrons of Pretoria
vyn de Silva on the /orld's Great De-stabiliser 2
Col. Lyn Wickramasuriya a retreat?
s and answer
on Kumari Jayawardena’s tionalism' and
The Killing Fields

Page 2
THE PREM
IN SOU
A massive Port Expansio Colombo into a modern C
Transhipment Centre qualifi with the following additio and ComTercial Port USer:
O Bulk-Handing facilities
O Rebagging and Reproce
O A Streamlined Bonding
Army special / requirer77 er 7TS Cou /
Enqu
YA
SRI LANKA PO
19, Church Stree
Colombo,
Telephone: 25.559

IIER PORT
TH ASIA
n Project has transformed ontainer Handling Port and ying for "Base Port" status a facilities to the Industrial
.
for Grain, Fertilizer and Cement.
assing facilities.
Ser WiCe.
d be arranged for on request.
RTS AUTHORITY
it, P. O. Box. 595,
Sri Lanka.
Telex: 21805 PORTS CE

Page 3
RICE AND THE PRICE OF WAR
The irrier realisation of
பி ப்ரீ ராg strg ஐ: ஆf Efferey in Fire has
Moợked, at leas ir The Pages of the local press, like a large paster or the Wall of a LLLCLLYaH SYaCLLLLLLL A S S SLLLL0YLLLLLLLLO SHORTLE" er SOON AT THIS THEATRE's The Gyer --FCFFFFFIEF f H'GT AF FIĊJË E FT FAI fra7.
After all, this country had been צ1) centrrries prTSI נזק חיווטkm “The girar a ry of flie Easy”.
Sa Agriculture minister, Ga777 ir i Jaya Suriya 14's right to feel Priordd y cyff his a chi few errier ar 5. Yr Isqof, Sri Lark Ward Por iரred a sige gFair y rice he said at yet another Wap Magal cerer:Forzy recerfly". Ard J'er he alfall strike a ca. La fiorary Fiore, Buffer stocks had to be imported because of conditions in the strife-for East where pridely coll ryf he har ve šired or if harvested, could not he Priod 'I Ferdi ar drri IIrisportrea. (OrierWise, f y F7 Preals of rice per per For per daya Pere l'e girlfri
It re.
Remidg is are gf the il for irror rig the lasť Hvar, he said I Wat if the preser Ir peace falks fail, corscription play be revitable. Forg and old may have to go to the frdır. A gazerfe Hatice World
ffice
The previous day Presider JR hief sid the wate துரி Food Star77 Ps (70.9/— Per u Př70r7th per far77 i Ly") could be dobilead, an sie salaries of prblic Ferwar7rs irt creased if orly rrin ilitary spending could be drastically reducet.
AGITPROP DIEPT.
The recently established Media Centre was girl of a reditarLu S aKASaaGH GLY LLLSS SLLLTL K K S SLLLL LLLLLLCLLL S LLLS S LLLLLLLrLLCLLCLLSS ாந்த TH Sigre (a ferefore legal leaflet arributed to கா - grர 'த:ரி Tail citizer groups' who Married fella" Tarii cifizeri, in rே gரி நாடுile Sile: retaliation' if the later gave
sanctuary (Trd . Jrrom th י"ivtsנת
Hoyt' a geri: Tri eiger
terce F f f * EFE, “їлfоглпагіол" pg Sinha lese frier7 of SEr speet eerst recret for rig daily press fire Page of the St. News') is not 置r 芭董 (而亡, Il Fes , f 'Eeldin" (infr Fir) age)
ef fel ffri:Eryri
Adırığı iri is நாராஜாதி ஆff) Irid the ''' Egli Agergy" CéFIFg 1:15, 5 take g jIrā īsfs, Jorείgη η ειiία, y Fflere f) ofOffoy d'Half ! o'r ffik" di ETT Ffrīds. 2005 Centre's Right is Lது hard
Mere,
res paraderar Tha fryrë. Ne Hai Yar, ILIVérèrf fs LP Çific'e 5 iri De/ New York, LI PAkis Ft Ari T-55 chiefs.
(Continued
LAAFIA
GUAR
Wol. 9 No. 2
Price
Published f
Laikā Guardi
No. 246,
COLOM
Editor: Mer Telephon:

Fireftir fø 'Eelde Nort.
firely "Peaceful" Iaring the refeFIF Elfa His FFEFFF" "Turלו שI, הש !Higer. y" . " is, you have քլլեlict:rig]] in the drag the frontre-red "Di difficult to gress. List te gestis 14"if/ Ve Ferri first
Fiation-disir far
14'Ü El fra y'e 5'-
.
Tử, C: HHFEF fffẽ 'g i'r tirfryn Presis'' I Disinformatio 扈 占芷 芷 ##F# Phờlig# fo ஒf Sri Lanka representatives of for Trifficroffee? s'érythror Fffé fils r
FFFFFFF"| 7 if cyfeir5 l'ere "r" fie Mafi
IIי{{{ונHIffffft is doing?
Láska. Foi 5e, Corif Deел reported | har Ilie Eerii ofting three press τι, Ιαπεία η Ιπίί Jirih fornier Sri adarș as station
TRENDS LETTERS
MEDEA BAS
Wency of Tect Sinhalese
friends in the States - and in Canada, too, during EXPO - they have a bitter complaint to make and it's sometimes in Possible to talk about problems at home in any reasonable fashion and objectivity. The U. S. media, they say, iš antiSinhalese and utterly prejudiced against Sri Lanka.
When ewet | mlget Tam II frends, they also complain bitterly at the Sri Lankan media which is according to them, especially the Sinhalese papers, suppressing the facts, and indulging in racialist propaganda.
Herewith several cuttings from the U.S. press which you can publish so that your readers can judge for themsel wees. The Papers that are read by the educated circles try to give both points of view. It is clear of course that yours is a little elite magazine and not a national paper. At least the intelligentsia in Sri Lanka and pro
On page 8) fessional circles would learn
BDAN C o N T E İNT S
News Background 3. October 15, 1986 Jaffna's War-time Economy ל
Ethnic Strife Troubles Tamils
III the LJ.S. 9. RS. A.O.O TULF Proposals - W O
ortnightly by
Publishing Co. Ltd
Јпіоп Р|ace, MEC - 2.
Wy'n de Siliwn. 5 5B
In the Shadow of Death ldgritity - The Great De-stabiliser |3 Rajiv Gandhi: A Mid-term Report 15
Foreign. News Correspondence Defenders of Apartheid | The Kotmale Project Book Reviey
Printed by Ananda Press, 825, Wolfendhar Strict, Colombo 3. Telefone: 3 5 775

Page 4
the truth by your publishing these articles.
Chris Wijewardene New York, USA
(Two item5 from the "Monitor" dire
reprinted in this issue - Ed)
Sri Lanka
While I agree that negotiations are essential, I disagree with Sheldon Gordon's assessment that the Sri Lanka government's 'attempts to defeat separatism on the battlefield' stand in the way of negotiations (with Tamils), and with his call for Sri Lanka's foreign aid donors to Pressure the country's government into a
negotiated settlement ("Sri Lanka
-negotiation 5 es sential". April 30).
It is true that the Sri Lankan government in the past showed little serious interest in solving the conflict in the country, but it has significantly shifted its stance since that time. Gordon's
Clälm that thị unwilling to ag system With a si of power to
Torret. To several occasio willingne 55 to di involving such -TםWסק
He argues th: where negotiatic - in Bhutan (v talks last fall) - Sri Lanka refuse power to the incora CE.
A5 is nori|| negotiation proc government mad which did not the Tam|| || 5. T the negotiation: the Tami I separa proposal and, in requests by the ment, refused te
Now you
through 16 European countries in cont
Yes, for only USS260 you ci
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ATKEN SPE
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government is to a fedral gnificant devolution the provinces is government has on 5 indicated its SCS aTTarge The TLS
devolution of
ut the one i 15 tarica ons were attempted which Wä5 hO5E , LO - collapsed because Lo - ccdo sufficient
Tamil5.
practice in any 55 the Sr Lākā ean initial proposal concede much to le breakdown of
occurre Ebeca L5 e tists rejected this
spite of repeated Sri Lankan go wernPresent any Coun
This is
terproposal. The Tamil separatists also showed great reluctance to attend the talks and only appeared because of pressure brought to bear on them by the central Indian gCY 2 Tin ment.
Gordon falls to understand that the government's statements about Wan Ling to a chi eye a militar solution are merely rhetorica. Given the poor training and the even poorer motivation of the Sri Lankan armed forces, it is unlikely that such a solution is possible. The eightfold increase in defense spending cited by Gordon is also misleading, because the spending level from which the increase factor is calculated Was Tinuscule. Even today, Sri Lanka's total military budget is only $300 million per year and is just 2 percent of the government's total budget.
Romesh Dias Bandaranaike Rockwille, Md. (Christian Science Monitor, Boston) (5е е раge 9)
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Page 5
President JR's Nugegoda speech
Tactical offensive on ti
Or tactical retreat on
he idea is not new. In fact
it has been expressed in different ways at diverse forums by many top-level UNP'ers. But it has never been stated so clearly and categorically in public and by President JR himself. The "Daily News' headline was misleadIng. It failed to do justice in fact to the report. "WTOLENCE MUST END BEFORE PROVINCIAL COUNCILS ARE SET UP" read the frontpage headline. The twocolumn story however Went:
"President Jayewardene said yesterday that violence must end and arms laid by before the Prowincja || Councis legislaton beCamela W '".
The SUN rightly led off with the speech and rather shrewdly connected the main theme "Prowincial councils only if terrorists lay down arm5' to the Indian government's responsibilities ("Indian government should Pledge cooperation to end terrorism") which was really a sub-theme in a speech fashioned for a wholly local audience at a party rally.
The SLUN report began ""The Provincial Councils proposal will not be presented in Parlament Until the terrorists lay down their arms and accept the concept of 2 LIni tary state, ""
The Hera 5 a fillte Hardeing of the President's Position s =n In==capable conclusion. The question 15 whether | it is primarily a tactice offensive on the diplomatic front. The timing has to be noted.
The sale eye RADIO announce sought the hel Chief Ml5ter M. En Persuading til militants to join of negotiations help). President
"The Indian the State governn should pledge t to old terroris Weapons being the government, and eas terri terr mantled."
Those Teaders to stress the ex President's real Dead Madre significant that ! published a Reut Pakistan, highly the fact that ty spoke of the Ga at tempt before ti a propaganda C. India over het SAARC reach definition of "ter perts who met month returned problem of rea the issue to the next month. (S Tam III guerrillas India).
The Oppositio Wrig t:ht - tH represen ES a Cac th - UNIP 1, . islandwide protes by the Movemer of the Mother

BACKGROUND
he diplomatic front. .
the domestic. 2
ning ALL INDIA | EHaD || 15 p of Tamilnadu G. Ramachardran he Madraig-based the next round (See MGR Will
JR added:
gow'ernment and lent of Tami||madu heir cooperation m, all terrorist handed over to
and the northern "orist camps dis
who are inclined ternal factor, the audience being 5, will find it the Daily News also r report in which embarrassed by o national dailies ldhi assassination ie event, launches hunter-attack on reluctance to help
|(4015 ET SUS O rorism'. The exin Dhakka last home leaving the hing accord on Bangalore summit De "Don't forget | Pakistan te||5
1 hoveyer 5 Cone new position tical retreat by f theסeםfa םו campaign started t; for the Defence and, led by the
Mahanayake of Asgiriya, and Mrs. Bandaranaike. They point to the government's extraordinary reaction to the advent of the M.D. M., especially its decision to enforce an emergency regulation introduced at the height of the 1971 insurrection. It prescribes the death penalty, 20 years rigorous imprisonment and the forfeiture of property for any person found guilty of trying to prevent the President, PM, Ministers and MP's
from exercising their duties or seeking to coerce or influence them by unlawful means. Not satisfied with this move the
Government decided to armend the S.P.C. Act to enable it to deprive offenders of their civic rights
These steps were taken after Mrs. Bandaranaike's appeal to "patFiotic" U NP MP"5 NOT to wote for the P.C.'s bill, and the Asgiriya Mahanayake's 'final appeal' to the government to drop the whole devolution scheme. Furthermore, intelligence agencies had evidently reported to the government of plans to pressure MP's in their constituencies in Warious Ways.
Apart from the Opposition campaign, a close reading of the speeches of some Ministers and District Ministers reyeal Salient differences in their arguments for and against "Devolution' as a concept. The difference in the enthusiasm of UNP stalwarts who speak for Devolution on public platforms cannot be concealed too easily either.
- M.

Page 6
Tamil Nadu Chief Minister has cruciat
MGR will help bring militar
T. Sabaratnam
New Delhi has sought the assistance of Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M. G. Rama chardrän to U5 e hi5 influence to persuade the Madras based Tamil militants to join the peace talks with the Colombo government, All India Radio said yesterday.
The request was made at a meeting on Wednesday between Mr. Ramadhandran and Mr. P. Chidambaram, the union minister handling the Sri Lanka question for the Delhi government.
Foreign Secretary A. P. WenkaLes Wa Tal and two Tami || Nadu mitrs, V. R. Neduchezā ād S. Ramachandran, were also Prg sent at Wednesday's meeting in Delhi which observers regarded as a
significant step P2AC02 PTOCESS.
Delhi Provides with copies of costituti oma är 5 the moitas or Eo dictwo lwc E: coL Flci |5.
Alternate for by the TULF, ir Indian constitut Balak, rishnan, ha awala ble to the
Authori Lati ya Mr. Ramachamara to Madras, will militars and m available to that that the chief
"Don't forget Tamil
ISLAMABAD, Thursday (Reuter)
Pakistan yesterday accused India of holding back an international effort to combat terrorism by trying to exclude the status of Tim guerrillas fighting in SRI LANKA frol di SCLU55 i ors.
A Pakistani foreign ministry spokesman also complained that a campaign of vilification against Pakistan had been mounted by New Delhi oyer last week's atterpted shooting of Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.
The spokesman told a news conferonce that Pakistan was not satisfied with progress on countering terrorism made by the seven -Tellbert South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), which includes India and Pakistan.
He said a working group set UP at the 1985 SAARC summit to study anti-terrorist cooperation had been impeded due to Indian reserwations om a definition of
ET TOT 5
"It appears that the government of India does not wish the Tamis operating from bases in India to
guerrillas'
be classified as said.
Terrorism is : Ee Wee the t has accused star
guerrillas seeki Sikhil nåtion in of Punjab.
Pakistar, mean" hand behind se
its Southern pri
Gandhi infuria tills with his 5 the handling of on September Islamabad had aged hijacking conduit of arms Indian aircraft.
The subject
between New SRI LAN KAN g is fighting a ent in the the island by related to the of the nearby Tamil Nadu.
Yesterday's about a month

alles in Delhi
hts into peace talks
forward in Lha
the chief Tinister
Colobo's draft mendments as well the subjects to o the Provincial
Tulations drafted consultation With :Іопа! expert S. e also been made
Chef minister.
sources said that on his ir DEL Tm gumom tha Tam|| ake these Papars ... It is Well known minister has con
, Pakistan
terrorists'
a sensitive subject Wo staté5. India abad of harbouring ng the separate
EE. Tan 5 Lat
while sees an Indian artist LIII. E5 L III Wice of Sild.
ited Pakistani offavage criticism of the Karachi hijack
5, 5 ay ing that the past encour
and acted as a for hijackers of
is also sensitive Delhi and the overnment, which separatist moveorth and east of Tamils closely SO IIIIIOn Tamis Indian state of
a legations came before the next
siderable lewerage ower the militant :P whose leaders
een based
in Madras.
have long
Diplomatic observers said that New Delhi is taking a practial
wiew of the situation as it stands
and is taking cognizance of feelings In Tamil Nadu.
Good relations שחיין החנ:
Ramachiandranı,
bet Weel Delhi. together
with the chief finister's influence over the militant groups and the desire for a political settlement are factors observer's expect will work in favour of the peace bid.
''New Dlhi wants the militants to join the negotiations and what
being done
15 חייליםח
to get
them to the table", authoritative sources said.
tells India
SAARC summit in the South Indian city of Bangalore.
The Pakistant spokesman said Prime Minister Mohanned Khan Junejo would be representing Pakista.
The spokesman strongly criticised India over allegations that Pakistan was in some way involved in the shots fired at Gandhi, saying the charge had caused surprise, disapPointment and distress in Islamabad.
"If these allegations were made merely by irresponsible elements in India, we would ignore them,'
հը 5ald,
Gffic|:||
circles appear
"In this case, however,
t
Էը
encouraging a malicious campaign of disinformation and vilification...",
TH
spokes Tnam sald
All-India
Radio had publicised a report that the gunman admitted to
going tra ining
in Pakistan.
uiderHe
said this was a false and baseless
charge.
Indian Foreign Minister P. Shiv Shankar had also mencionad receiying a dispatch from Indian consul
(Continued on page 5)

Page 7
Spotlight on
he proscribed JWP is back in
the news. The state-run Daily News carried on its front page (Oct. 8) a report on a Police headquarters "Red Alert' to prowincial police chiefs about a WP sabotage plan. (Sce J.W. P. campaign).
Ever since Opposition Leader AT LI Tal Banda raraike described the J.W. P. (its leader Mr. Rohana Wije. Weera polled 275,000 votes at the Presidential polls in Oct. 1982 to come third) as the only real Leftist party" in Sri Lanka and demanded the removal of the ban placed on the party, UNP Propagandists have hinted darkly of an 'unholy alliance' between the SLFP and WP. The SLFP cador Mrs. Baldaranaike ha 5 di Smi55 ed the charge as "absurd".
The JWP is the major radical youth force in the Island. How
and || LS Causa5 ? And What Solution does it offer
. . . The JR-Thondaman regime, a puppet of US imperialism, has failed to sowe the ethnic conflict, converting the country to a bloody battleground.
... It has decided to concede
"Eelam" as a Tamsom.
. . . The Roundtable conference Was an attempt to give Provincial administration to the Tamil communalists, dividing North and East from the rest of the island.
. . . Next, there was a conspiracy to grant estate Workers citizenship and make Thondaman, the Chief Minister of the Count Ty.
... The government wanted the 'Consent" of the Opposition, religious dignatories etc. to grant Eelam to the northern
E55.
... This year, another set of "bankrupt politicians' was made a cat's paw to achieve the 5äIT1B 51.
the J.
These efforts conflict, cannot sa
try
Wilso
for the
"Eelar
Three questions
(1)
(2)
(3)
HW D tar-rists ? How to pr genocide? How to stc. the country?
The answer |ie "סb חr iסח ghtווח Eeli terrorist5 those responsible riotic cohorts".
But What Te
(a)
(b)
(c)
(b)
-traat people by be which have
communa IE5 m.
demands of th oise by rous munalism. US imperialis situation, ent gime to a CC | ish ly. The Indian b ting the situ: its airns of gr; territory.
What is the si
(a)
(b)
(e)
(d)
(e)
ԻվՃ divisiՃր Counci5.
National unlէ nition of the statu 5 of : where nati: privileges as and mo i5 CF 5o 5 War I5 a||
Sri Lanka 5 h to the Luc C lists and the
The germ of injected into
וחוזום& |ווחTH Sinhala-Tami be destroyed
Trade rivalry CGFTIThuna || fr climinated it planned nati policy.

V. P.
fillot Golwe the feguard the couneat of an Indian Til terrorism".
rise: gäE Ehe Esam
event sense less
p a division of
s not in military w Ing before the but by removing and their "unբat
the causes 2
of the Tamil Burgeois regimes rood Sala
e Tamil bourgeing Tamil com
m, exploiting the ourages the rerashly and foo
ourgeoise explotion, to promote abbing Sri Lankan
Out
POW
y based on recog
2 equal national || Flationalities nal rights and
e equally shared, imination. WhatOWed.
ould stop dancing f the US imperiaIndian bourgeoisie.
Communa hatted both Sinhala and unit les by the bourgeoisie Thust
which promotes E TLSE E through a wellonal development
Since the bourgeoisie does not recognise the equality of nationalities, these objectives, can only be LLKKaLLS aaaaLLLL S S S 0LOtLLLLLLL LLLLLaLLS
Tust also be taken to Indian invasion.
Steps 5.L.P. afl
... By making Sri Lankan a camping ground for US imperialism, Sri Lanka became a security threat to India. Thus, the regime has paved the way for the interference of the Indian bourgeoisie. The US must be asked to shift its camping ground esehere – WOA, oil tank far at Trico etc.
Military Connections with Pakistan must end. All intelligence ties with US, Israel etc. mu5t geä52. Communal repression must end, and all Tamil refugees welcomed back. Strengthening of security against the danger of covert links Between Tāli Iadu camm Luna bou Tgeoisie and Eelam separatists and terrorists.
- J. S.
*Don't forget . . .
(Continued from page 4)
general Aftab Seth in Karachi saying that there had been "advance
Interest' in the city about the
attempt on Gandhi, the spokes
man said.
"Given the stakes involving
Peace and progress Iп relatioп5, we must hope that the Government of India w III no E allow the conduct of diplomacy to descend into a world of imaginary rumours and fantasy," he said.
Two Karachi newspapers reported hearing rumours about an attempt of Gandhi's life 24 hours before the shooting. One local journalist told Reuters bureau in the city con October | that hic Hald Heard of an attempt to kill the Indian leader.
No explanation of the rumours has been made public.

Page 8
Alert to Public : j V P Plotting Sabotage
Srimal Abeyewardene
Police headquarters yesterday alerted divisional police chiefs to a JWP plan to step-up criminal activity and asked them to tighten security arrangements. Within their
『E .
Senior police sources say it has
been established that the Galgamuwa bank hold up involving the loss of Rs. 5.2 million was a WP | job, intended to fill the party coffers to fund future operations.
"That's a sizeable chunk of loot. They seem to be having big plans for the near future", one source commented.
The same sources say there is information, that the JWP is taking cover under the activities of groups opposed to the devolution package and planning a campaign to create tE15il.
The proscribed party, Te port5 say, plāns to use its Cldres ir the universities, government depart Tents and agencies and other places to interrupt work and even engage in criminal activity.
"The public must be alert to this threat and help law enforcement by giving Whatever information they have to ensure that We can crack down on such actvity", a senior policeman said.
He said that about 200 members of the JWP, arrested in different parts of the country, are now in custody.
""We al 5 o Hawe information about a mowe to collect firearms. Di Wisonal superintendents have been asked to keep close tabs on WP activity and report to police headquarters', he said.
- (Daily News)
Delhi's P
G. K. Reddy
The Written TULF leaders to lations sent by GCWETIT Tt. Om processed by th Ministry after t Foreign Secretary te5 wara li, from' before thes art the leaders of it groups either in
aware of the Sr. and the general Gowler ment of li of autonomy th: as part of a Pol they have had n to engage in a with Indian Mir the Imp ששם ab proposed devolu
The Indian re. get the TULFre to the Sri Lank EO EH Cor5ti EL the Provincial C di wision of pow. dures fort de Wol invite the leade groups to a det a|| the 5e docum their reactions Participate in t tak, 5 With the
No harm
insensitiwe to ti tions already e. militant leaders nature of the d offered by Sri their view daes aspirations of tr many essential וחhar סח 5:at 5 taking part in with the TULF dgmand for furt any particular Consider C55 arti Settlement.

"E55I'8 01
NEW DELH
responses of the }, the draft formu
the Sri Lankar deWolution will be External Affairs 10 retur of the r, MT. A. P. Wenkaoscow to Torrow, discussed With the Tan Titant
Denior Madras.
| litar E leader5 ara i Lankan proposals reaction of the India to the degree it is being offered |Itical settlemant, to occasion so far serica L5 di SCUSSION 1sters of afficias lications of the t
dators Winte to sponses in Writing an drafts relating tion amendment, om tils Bill II, the ers and the procelution, and then rs of the militant alled discussion on ents L3 50E "La III and urge them to to next round of Sri Lankar Govern
It of India is not 1e Strong reser"Waxpressed by the about the IE mited evolution package Lanka, which in mot fleet the real Le Tamil people. On յoints. But India in the militants the talks along to press their her concessions on issue which they for a peaceful
Militants
The TULF leaders have mada known to the Goyernment of India Il mo un certain ter|15, o Tore tham one occasion that they are no less Waheet than the militants in their demand for a Tamil linguistic unit as the very basis for devolution. They are prepared to пе8otiate the i detail5. Bu E mot di lute the principle of a Tamil homeland in one form of the other as part of a lasting political settlement.
The Indian mediators, therefore, sad no harm in the moderates and militants getting together to evolve a common approach to what they deem to be their miniTum conditions for a settlement within the framework of a united Sri Lankari State. Ag the Government of India is not preparted to back the demand for an independent. Eelam, they will have to decide
whether to utilise its good offices in arriving at a limited settlement or carrying on the
struggle on their own steam irrespective of the consequences.
There is high regard in Government circles here for the courage, patriotism and sense of sacrifice displayed by the militants in their relentless struggle for justice. But those in authority in Delhi do not understand why they are so relutant even to engage in a ggro L5 discussion On the Contents to the Sri Lankan drafts.
As parliamentary politicians who are more accustoned to the cumbersome procedures of political negotiations, the TULF leaders are more used to the complexities of time-consuming discussion on the constitutional implications and administrative procedures for devoution. But as revolutionaries who have taken to an armed struggle, the militants are not equally adept at moving to the negotiating table overnight.
The Indian mediators are well aware of these psychological inhibitions of the militants and they are trying their best to make it possible for them to participate
(Continued or page 8)

Page 9
Jaffna's War-t
Paul Seabright
The economic effects of disturbances short of full-so those that currently prevail in Northern and Eastern
well beyond those people drid
violence.
III; III: This paper examines the economic conditions
directly
penīnsula which is Connected to the Tā irland by di Sin
which as trade must pass.
While the focus of the
trade and production disruptions and consequest marke
so looks at the
macro-economic repercussions of th
as those drising from Sri Lanka's foreign exchange Cor
THE micro-economic effects of certain kinds of stress or hazard upon primarily agricultural systems are an important area of study. Economists are increasingly appreciating that studies of economies at points of crisis, as well as being of intrinsi C value, may hawe lessions for our understanding of their behawliour in mora normal times. Crises of an environmental naturefamines, droughts, floods, and 50 on — ha, We for" ob WioLIS 23a 50m5 | be en better studied than those that are primarily man-made — especially crises due to a deterioration in people's physical security, of which War is the lost extreme Case, In conditions of physical insecurity short of full-scale War, such as those that currently prevail in Northern and Eastern Sri Lanka the economic effects of the di 5turbance usually extened well beyond those people and Institutions directly touchd by the violence.
This paper uses a few data, colected in a necessarily unsystematic fashion, to examine economic conditions in the Jaffna peninsula of Sri Lanka. The region is particularly suitable for such a study because It is connected to the mainland 幫 опlya single road, through whic all (legal) private trade must pass, At present such trade is severely disrupted, so that flows of goods have been unable to compensate for shortages and distortions in the markets of the peninsula to the samme extent as would be possible in regions greater links with the rest of the island. Production disruptions have therefore, been reflected in particularly conspicuous market distortion5. These will be the main focus of the paper, though reference will be made to reports on the
siLation in the TE and Eastern provi assessment of th: repercussions oft attempted at the
The Jaffna P Current Stati
The Jaffna pen of 5245 quare mil tip of Sri Lanka, over 3 per cent area of the is according to the 853,000' and is cu at 975,000. The due to the inflic other parts of taken place in Spi International mig Some 50,000 t. are thought to ha since the 1983 thern more than (mainly from Wavuniya and Tr the ceasefire agr government and it organisations oi The population i: (more than 95 pe Tamil, with a 5 Musi5 and Indi: the latter are some sented among the
The peninsula : only area of ti and Eastern pro W ceasefire has had where, particular cally mixed area and Wavuniya, kill ments by all
conflict hawe i 1985, Th killings of non
Sri Lankan SeCL, home guards.

ime Economy
de War Such als ri Lanka, extend touched by the in the Jaffna gle rodd through paper is on the it distortions, it e conflict, such strins.
st of the Northern nces, and a brief a "co-ecoloric He conflict Will be
End,
eninsula :
of Conflict
i 15 Lula is an area as at the northern compris ing just of the total land and its population 981 Census Was rrently estimated a large increase is W of Tam||5 from the island and has te of considerable ration from Jaffna. 60,000 families wa entered Jaffnd voi len Ce, and Of 50,000 have corme hea districts of incomalee) since eeld betwee the the Thai militant
June 18 985. soverwhelmingly * cent Sri Lanka mall presence of in Tamils (though : What more reprerecent refugees).
appears to be the Gubled Northern incos where the any effect. Elsely in the ethni5 of Trinicoralee ings and displaceparties to the tensified since ըse include many -combatants by rity forces and and also (to a
The successful hartal of the lorry LCCLCGLLLLLL S L S La LLLLLL L LL LL LLLLLK peninsula focussed national attention on a neglected area of study - the disruptive impact of the war on the economy of the region. The hartial was a pro Esist agirst the -5er Eig reasures taken by some of the Tilitant Fergups and Eh Eir. Tess disciplined cadres. With the army confined more or less to heavily fortific d camps' the 'boys' have not only "informal, dealings with the security forces as
L LL L LLLLLLLKL S KSLLLLLLLLuLLLLLL LLLLtttLGLtLLL LLL HHH S KSLLLLL LSLL LSK LLLL LLLL S S SLLLL LLLLSS contrating their efforts in setting up GLLLLLLL LLLLLLa LLLLLLL LLCCLS HHLL new for its of Economic management, tax collecting, etc., and providing service: such as 5:h, pastā Lilitics dispensarics.
But the Jaffna economy is far from self-sufficient. It is dependent on essential supplies from the South. Communications and transport are all Important. Thus the protest of the traders, shop-keepers and transport agents. It is a war 'economy' in a relatively stablo society compared to the East certainly) where a military equilibrium" of sorts has been reachold. The only serious study of the economy was made by PAUL SEA BRIGHT" who liya ad in the orth far" several weeks last year. Though dated, it is still the only informative KCLLLLLLL KLHaLLaL SLK LLLLLLaLLLL LLLL S S LLL LLLLK S LH a LLLLLL LLLLL LLLLLLL POLITICAL WEEKLY of India).
esser extent) by militant organisation. t in Jaffna district tme security forces hawe with rare exceptions remained confined to barracks, and there have been only occasional incidents, usually involving mistaken identity as in
cases offiring upon other members of the security forces or upon cattle. This has meant that there is no official law enforcement in the peninsula. One corollary to this has been a reported increase in incidents of robbery and killing, either by members of militant organisations of by other groups operating in their name. But Turders of local businesssmen in Puthur and Karainagar in October provoked strong public protests and demonstrations, including blocking of roads and threat to expose militant encampments to the army; there was
7

Page 10
widespread outrage at the robbing of the large Perumal temple; and סt tקattem חNovember 12 a חם rob the Jaffna railway station was prevented by a major public
protest. The frequency of 5uce Inciden Es is said to ha We Silcē declined. 11 A shoot-out of NOWer
bert || 5 between riwal organisations accusing each other of robbery indicates that the ability of the militant groups to maintain discipline is somewhat fragile, and on December 14 thern Was a general strike in Jaffna in protest against the killing of three Tamil militants by a rival group.' But overall there is no doubt that the ceasefire has brought the citizens of Jaffna a welcome reduction in violence.
Prior to June 18 by contrast, much of the Wiolence was focused
on the peninsula. It was here that an army patrol was ambushed on July 23, 1983 with the loss of 3 Wes, an incident that
sparked of the ethnic violence in which Some 2,000 TāTils ārie 5ā i to hawe died, 14 | 5 || of them in Jaffna town as a result of repris als by the army. Following a second land-mine explosion on April 9, |984 in which some |5 sc|der 5 were killed after WW civilians were killed and 52 in jured in reprisals that also involved largescale destruction of property. The situation faced by civilians deteriorated with the shelling of the We wettitural coastal area by the navy in August 1984 killings of students at Point Pedro, and the beginning of systematic cordon -and-search operations in October 984 Shortly afterwards the authorities declared the coast and a land strip of 100 yards inland, from Milla ကြီး’’ the peninsula to Mullaittivu in the East, to be a prohibited-zone, as a result of which all fishing in the region ceased. On November 22, 1984 a curfew was imposed in Jaffna, extending with 2-day breaks for Christmas and the Tamil New Year until July 10, 1985. During the day traffic movement in the Peninsula was severely restricted. Although the incidence of bank robberies in the district declined from a high point of 7 in 1994 (there are only 27 bank branches
B
in the district)
of 1985, this w; by Ebanks to cal not a sign of any Violence on ei the truce in Ji
(To be
Notes
TH - Edat disi are of two Ta published by th Lanka, particul; Bank of Ccyl Econorny I984' there at dit In the COLIrst: Eria visit to t Nye Tibet |E5 railly subject ti where possible Virith severa in been hamp ered time during t Epicurity situatili which as Tadc TEILIGE TIL EG || in creact H. the reliability Fı CCOLInt, Irı Wh th C : EEreviiti נus stם וחילחםחa"י tC in dit if וחre thaםחח עילם And "" : g rela El that, the Ligh wi לוח חE iחב - u5ם וח authority and Li rilikely to ha Ye Ek gge Tation
I am grateful II – FSFI LFT. TLinies for th Element. Thank Goly Wern Tlemt | O | T. E. Witt til Flei is.
I LE THE EIE
FF"| when referring do se explicit
3 CBRE. Tables
district Hild II Tom Jaffna :
present Jaffn: around 740,00
Es Teliable,
5 reliable.
6 seg Note 73
7 Report in Front,
p. 30.
B. The Times, N. 0FFryer, NOWE:

to fwe ten months as due to a refusal ry cash and was diminution in the
ther side before יד,םחת.
continued)
Lussed in this artia
İrı kimds: first, Chç53 GYETTE IL of Sri irly in the "Central
| R | F F "... (CBRE). Secondly
collected by myself DF : il. Il to 15'ye but Colombo and Jaffna in i. The litter är g mit Luse Wara limitations: I have cross-checked formations, but hy
both by shortage of le visit and by the Ion In the peminis Lula, many of my informants ble Identified and has difficulty of assessing of Ea info Frar"s at follows I 5 Ha || LIKE om a "" to gan Lirce", "Fris, corrected" ortation corroborated "בום"חuם 5 &LJםחחילחםחa טחים |g" o indicats toutes -yחםחain_aוחניו סg tחshi: judgment of sufficient responsibility to be engaged in conscious
וזrסle , frקסטy Bהבחח סI L ': Tı İrnı Bethnic Com) = eir help and encoura5 RFo | 55 due Eg the f Sri Lankai for allowing e Jaffna peninsula at a
closed to foreigners.
Jini district' and to Jaffna town will
ly.
50. In GE || K || HH || at yet been bifurcated the population of the
dist Ti E Wä5 the
line, November 30, 1985,
gy ember 4, 1985: The mber 17, I985.
- Irid secondarji education
9 is corrected.
The Observer, Ibid. Also as corrected.
| , TITI
2. The Hindu, November 19, 1785. Confir
med by present authar,
3. The Hindu, December 15, 1985.
as
|5 Iulia Citizens Carliriittag
Eid.
| 7. a 3 ribe.
Trends. . .
(ued from pdge IחtiחCu)
NO SCHOOLS
I, Free State eduration, fie sacredical" of Sri Liikari refarism, right being guietly sacrificed on the alter of Friyatisarian? At the University level, Jes. But Friary schools FFFF šrill vide oper to the por ard the lower-riddle class, although the platforлн Боaiyr thaт толеу iу па и предred in education is ar ever efore is ar erp dore. True, of course iri Terring y "devaled rupee, and r sa, if the computation is hised on the value of the ripee IO-5 yers g, h i PEF aேpi
EFF|5.
The most striking illustration dy filiis "Squeeze or Schools" (the fire pre of Edriராப் policyl) care this rnii r Ih iirii the form of a profeyг froт оver I5,000 parers with Coloria, Galle and Kardy, the island's Fair centres of education, if re exclude Jாரி, ரig fie list.
There childrei have failed to find places in state schools. Taking the la 14'est possible figure of one Luri, successful applicarit to each pa revir, This represer f5 I 49% of the 200,000 children who sought admission.

Page 11
Sri Tamis
Lankan ethnic sti in the US
Brook Larmer (Staff writer of the Christian St.
they arrest a fellow like Ram, how can go back?"
A Sri Lankan student - sworn to secrecy and torn by fear - lets his question sink into silence. No answer is needed. Like thousands of Tamils living or studying abroad, he knows he cannot go back.
Especially not now.
For 鷺 his island home - suspended like a teardrop of the South Castern CCSE of dia - has been ripped apart by ethnic Wolence between the Sri Lankan Tamil minority and the Sinhalese majority. And now, the conflict is lurching toward the abyss of of Ci'yi | War.
Like many others here who still dream of returning to a peaceful homeland, this sender, darkskinned student has been frustrated and frightened this week by news f halfway around the World:
On Saturday, the Tamil mother of Ram Manikkalingam finally confirmad that har som — ia || 985 graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology - had been arrested for 'suspicion of being in Wolved in terrorist Activitas."
e Later that day, an Air Lankan jet exploded on a runway in the capital city of Colombo, ki || Ing over 20 passengers.
O And on Wednesday, a bomb blasted the City's Crowded Centra Telegraph Office, killing II people and wounding more than 5.
The Sinhalese-controlled government has blamed both terrorist acts on the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, one of 20 extrcmist groups fighting for a separate Tamil state in the island's northern and eastern regions. Even to Tamils here who scoff at such accusations, the latest bombings
do bear a distur to the killings t riots in July 19: Sri Lk 5 2 ||
The violence, the economy a 2,000 Tamils, 5 complex Web off
To many Sinha Buddhist group percent of the r people - the SI are a privilege. on tearing the r the help of the 5C India.
To the Sri the mostly Hir minority (exclud
Casti i Ti ese are a ty intent on Wiping lians and culture
Some Tamils he history will rep going to happen It's gong to ha 5ays one Tamil latest news. H lives in the Col be a tempting ta I seeking vengeanc
But what a perhaps even mc Eston's Szable is the arrest of M The budding ph of a former Sri - retured Hom even though his him to remain States H.E. his Tamil reside for over 20 days :
Tert Toyota led Weeks ago.
Under the Pre to rism Act, a designed to quell
EFE || || T.

rife troubles
Elence Monitor)
bing resemblance that sparked mob 33, fогcіпg maпу lee the country.
which crippled ld killed about Ecm med from a arful perceptions.
ese - the mainy Lihat makes up 74 al tion's I 5 Ti || ion * || ||La Tri 5 H minority bent lation apart with חן 5|ווחב T חסI||]וח (
- 5|ן וח TH 1du 13 percent | Ing the lowertil5) - the Sinha"annical majority : Out Tami civi
a mkan
:re think the 1983 eat itself: "It's all over again. ippen all over." upon hearing the is family, which omba area, could get for Sinha lesa e, he says.
25 the turmoil ore tangible for Tam|| Cסmוחuחity lir. Ma nikka li ngam. ysicist - and son Lankan diplomat
e last summer, mother begged in the United
een missing from 1 Ce near Colombo efore the governhis arrest two
vention of Ter
|FIG TIL what the governamil in5urgency,
the government can detalin suspected terrorists for up to 18 Tonths before level ing formal charges. But the government's army and police force - made up almost solely of Sinha lese - hawe abused that power, according to Amnesty International. The human -rights group cites reports that some Tamils hawe been held without notice, tortured, and sometil 25. Ewell executed.
"At least now I know that he probably won't get killed," says Manikkilingam's younger brother Sudarshan, a student at Hampshire College in central Massachusetts. According to Sudarshan, his brother supports neither the goals nor the guns of the Tamil militants: "Ram does not advocate separation. He went back because he felt that there was an urgent need to educate tha Simha lese to the racial problems - that there was a lack of communication between the two groups."
But from the Sri Lankan government's point of waw, Marikkalingan's background makes him a Prime terrorist suspect - whethat or mot ha Wa5| |iml&ed to a devastating dam break two weeks ଝgo.
The government looks with "natural suspicion on outsiders returning to Sri Lanka," says
S. Samara singhe, associate director for the International Center for Ethnic Studies at the University of Sri Lanka. According to Mr. Samarasinghe, who is now doing research at Harvard's School of Public Health, the highest level of distrust is reserved for Tamil students from Boston, who hawe earned a high paying education in
a center for Tamil activism in the United States.
Part of that suspicion stems
from the government's perception
9

Page 12
of Tamils abroad as economic opportunists. Human-rights abuses are often cited "just as an excuse' for leaving, says John Gooneratine, deputy chief of missions at the Sri Lankan embassy, "But Imrin ilgration is more (from) some kind of economic reasons... People leave for better pastures."
"Ewen. If we hawe total peace tomorrow, few expatriates will want to come back," adds Samarasinghe. For some Tamils - especially those who settled in Europe, the US, and Canada well before the exodus of 1983 - that may be true. But the assumption creates an aura of suspicion that haunts well-educated or we||-heeled Tam is who do wish to Teturn to their impoverished island.
That's why most Tamils here are extremely cautious: They generally don't associate with separatist groups, even if they think their people have no other choice; they don't defa me the Sri Lankan goyernment, even if they believe it condones and concocts violence against Tamils; and they dont's criticize the US government, even if they think its assistance for economic development (S 46 million in FY86) only allows the remarkable build-up of the Sri Lankan military.
For most Sinhalese students and immigrants in the US, there is "no danger at all," says Jeham Perera, an outspoken Sinhalese student at Harvard Law School. He's written several critical of the government, but he's felt no animosity from the Sinhalese.
The only Tamils who feel free to air their views in public are those that hawa few o no TermainIng family ties to Sri Lanka. That's the case with T. Sritharan, secretary general of the Eelam Tam | Association of America. Given the option of a system that afforded more regional autonomy, "we would reject the separate state idea," he says, pushing a photo of Ram Manikkilingam across the kitchen table. "But right now they treat every Tamil as a ter
Crist."
O
Part W.
TULF
NORTHERN PF
The proposed of Systems J. K. projects would t (N.C. P. Canal). are as follows:
Malwat tu Oya
Parang Aru
Pa Aru Res:
Kanaga rayan A
Kitagala Rese this schere in the North in the Devel this position
doubted - it that the whic part of this
in the North
From the al in the Norther a only 60,500 : 5i Le CCITTI Programme, no пmeпced on any wince. From if whatever, hawe projects, thoug Mahlaw eli Dewe both politicians Water Wi|| EWEr political and te that these pric the Delewopme agencies that stage, under th opment of lanc be looked upon

memo to Rajiv
ake place under the North Central Province Canal Particulars of the schemes of the above projects
OWNCE: irrigation projects in the Northern Province comprise L. and part of . Development of the above
RCSer"Woli" : Existing Lands - 19,300 acres New Lands - 16,300 acres Tota || Lands - 35,600 es || || 5600 air चe.
Reservoir : Existing Lands - 1,000 acres New Lands - 16,800 acres
Total Lands - 7,800 acres
TWOT : Existing Lands - 6,100 acres New Lands - 8,000 acres Total Lands - 4,100 acres
ru Reservoir : Existing Lands - 600 a CTe5 New Lands - 9 AOC) acres Total Lands - 20,000 acres
rvoir (though : Existing Lands - 19,900 acres 5 said to be New Lands - 76,500 acres grn Provinge Total Lands - 95,400 acres יחment Plaקב
is very much is thought le or major schemes withCentral Province
ove it would appear, that the new land available
Province would be about 137,000 acres, perhaps cres. However, though eight years have passed, ancement of work on the Mahaweli Development work not even preliminary work, has been comone of the above Projects, in the Northern Prormation available, no available, no arrangements
been made for finances in respect of the above the above schemes are said to form part of the pment Plan, grave doubts have been expressed by and irrigation experts as to whether Mahawel
reach any part of the Northern Province, both for thnical reasons. The view has also been expressed jects in the Northern Province were included in it Plan merely to satisfy funding countries and Saa S LLLaLLLLLLLaLLLL LLLLHKLLL S S LLe LaLK aLLLTLL LLL S SLLLSLLHHL Mahawel Development Plan. As of now, deve
L aaLS LLaLLaL L LaSLHKCLK SHaaLLLLL S EKaHLKS LaGaa
as a reality.
(Continued on page 23)

Page 13
Writing Wartime Verse
in the shadow
D. B. S. Jeyaraj
MARANATH THUL WALWOM (We live amidst death) - A collection of poems by 3 Poets in Tamil, Nov. 1985, published by Tamiliya; printed at St. Joseph's Catholic Press, Jafna.
Dry, Parched cracking soft Heavy imprints of hob-nailed boots Clusters like blooming red flowers
The cover design of a new book of Poetry in Tam || 15 illustrative of its title Migranthus Wolyarn (We live amidst death) and the greater part of its con
tents relating mainly to the tras and tribulations of the Jaffna people who live in hope
of a better tomorrow a midist the shadow of death. The cower is suggestive of a people who, desPite the impact of the mitary presence, bloodshed and hardships continue to retain human and yearn to 'live' while "existing".
Mardingt Ft Lil Wayar is a co||ection of 82 poems written over a period of 9 years (1977-85). A large number hawe been pub
lished in Tamil literary journals | ike Mai Ili kai (Jes mine), Alai (Wave) Puthusu (New) etc. Also the
bulk of the poetry published has been in the eighties when the ethnic strife accentuated. It is a literary chronicle of post-77 eWeL5 li Jaffa. It 5 a irdiex of the changing perceptions, responses and attitudes of the Northern people to the prevalent political Conditions. It also e Prowides in insight into the politicisation and cultural awakening of the Tam|| people. The on-goin struggle between the state an thin Tam Titants has resulted in several forms of poetry emerging at different levels. Wall Posters, leaflets, graffiti, street dramas etc., in the North display elements of this new poetry. The poetry in this book does not espouse the militant cause but reflects clearly the mood of the Jaffna people - attachment to their land and a longing for a better life.
A paradoxical new poetry is th sonse a reWiwa o poetry of the S The concepts of PLI ram (outer) occi tance as subjects the Sangham peri relate to eroti werse classified love poetry whil ofte bardic crt This does not at to War" but in ClL may be described K. N. Siwaraja pilla of the Early Trill; historically Puram the more introspec In the case of A. aspects of love associated With si areas of the Tan were as follows: PIrltaJ || (separation) ting), Iranka (wai ral). The signific poetry is that all attributes of the are prevalent her like in the old the of form and con less the ageless til Fetai [ ltr changes of modi
Heroic poetry
With the Choa
after centuries o by the "Nayakar. Europeans it is Lanka in keeping rary political re: growth pattern c tradition contrast Tarii Nadu in
National oppressic death and the poli hawe eWolwedd ar Tamil literary gr
It must be 1956-77 period characterised by tets. Cost situation. But I with elements of lated to the low

of death
eature of this at it is in a f classical Tami angham period. Akarn (inner) and -rםקy great imקש of Poetics of od. Both terms on. Nearly all In der Akam is reסוח פו וחaחPu = heroic poetry. ties relate He5 much of What as Panegyric. | in Chronology s suggests that poetry preceded tive love poetry. kam five different wеге poetically we geographical They PLI nartal (union) | IrLUttal (awalling), Աtal (գuarance of the new these distinctive classical poetry e too. But unTe a " W " to 5 :ent, Newer thefeelings of emohuity despite the Bern conditions.
Taded period. Today f "ae" rule s' (Telugu) and imeгgiпg Iп Sгі With contempoility. Thus the if the -political s sharply with this respect. }n state Wiolence tics of bloodshed e W di Tensori in owth here.
oted that the Lankal was also literary developto the political ost of the poetry
cha Ulwimi 5 ree of the Tai
language and a deep sense of nostalgia for the glorious Tamil past. This was due to the influence of the South Indian Drawidiar movement and the political course followed by the Federal Party and later the T. U. L. F. But the new poetry deals with the environmental reality of the Present. It is no secret that tha reality in Tamil areas is akin to Hobbes' definition of life being "nasty, brutish and short". In that backdrop the new poetry dealing with humanism, liberation courage, heroism, attachment to one's homeland, lack of shelter
etc., are subjects of which the
identify with this poetry which has a simple style devoid of literary flourishes or poetic emblishments. It is very much "People's poetry". The poems in We live amidst death have an underlying thread. It is the recurrent Cry for human rights, human dignity and above all the guarantee for life. Since the battlefields, blood, death and sacrifice referred to by the poets are real experience, the :" does not seem to hawe pretence, hypocrisy or artificiality.
The poets featured in this collection a range from the doyen of Tamil poets, Murugalian, to the fledgling Geethapriyan. The most outstanding of these is in my opinion'Weerathai thookku (With our heroism). On 10-9-84 a us carrying Tamil passengers was stopped by soldiers in civils at Poovarasankulam. 19 persons were killed. It was the impact of this incident which prompted M. Ponnambalam to write this poem. The greatest merit of this poem is that the author while calling upon the people to face guns with "uplifted heroism' does not confine it merely to the guns In the hands of the state but also includes those of the socalled militants. A substantial portion of the travails of the
people have a realistic awareness.
Thus the people are able to
S.

Page 14
Tamil people must be apportioned to the militant groups. (splinter or pseudo) also. The fundamental weekness of "We shall live amongst death' is that most poets attribute the presence of death to only one quarter from where it éFT13 mate5 the State drld Staterelated circles. Most poets tend to gloss over the 'tyranny' or "miscarriages of justice' perpetrated by the militants with the exception of a few oblique references.
But Ponnambalam says: "When you see a man carrying a gun, do not be afraid: Let him be
a liberating chaff or barbaric Soldier Do not be afraid ... Hey, uplift your heroism/Let any guntoter who seeks to exploit your freedom shake and swer." He also points out that the gun like any other weapon is a "Nirguni and that it is the Wielder who
|We G It DOEen C.W.
¬ P у
"
A positive feature of the book is
the total absence of cha Luwinist Seltinents or anti-Sinhala Wenon. It is the State and its organs which are criticised. A feeling shared by at least three of the poets featured is that the tenets of Buddhism are not adhered to by the Sri Lankan State. The poets relate their work directly to the Buddha and bring this out boldly, M.A. Nuhman's "The Murder of Buddha" relates to the burning of Jafina Library. In his deal the Buddha has been shot dead by security men in civils on the steps of the Library. The Buddha is cremated on a pyre of the 90,000 books in the library. The Dhammapada and the Sigalowada Sutta also turn into 3,5hes With the Budda. W Waratnam in his "The voice of Buddha's silence" writes of a Buddha who, disgusted with the behaviour of his followers, walks out of Sri Lanka, "Make way for me to Walk away from you,' he says. The Buddha charges that "he who addicated his state was now being held captive on the throne of a Simhala Buddhist state".
There is a commonality in some
of the expressions and images. Darkness", "night" and 'ashes' recur constantly. So do "we"
and 'they'. The cleavage between
the Sinhala and DIE STIS CETT hope for a bett always.chere. Th by Pushparajan was thers' by the 15e We5. Oor Maitreyi and "",
three women po the Է Ճցk.
One poem by are we Walting". elaborate wooing t"CSS is Te Wer5poet is direct a
and and CUF" | seems to be our
til F1 TOT
newer be ours. A pen in the ensui the night". Ther us join togethe solitude of this
The people wh may be broadly those who
C Tid the 5e who Jaffna. Whley
is also a resigna expectation of di i newitable. Accord Death" We d die by fighting f or for our peop.
T
You thoug Power Isas BLE WIVES They bred Froл7 Age; Horror ret Moody gи A7d feStG WWJr5e3 t/ha. Thaп уout And Child Herded by AE E WWF) gF7 f7f7:

Tamil communiPlete. Yet the Er tUTOT"OW |5 | titles "Phoenix." and The night Oor Wasi speak for Wasi along with Au wa" are the ets featured in
Oor W5i, 5 "Why Andrew Marwel's
of his Coy, Misthis. The nd simple, "Our
momen Es/Nothing "S/In Such a situa
like this may nything can hapng darkness of
efore, Love/Let r in the deep dalwrn."
Ti | f Categoris ad into It caw Jaffna
Will We ing in hope there tion to fate, an eath which scoms ding to Cheliyan's C) FICL foar LO or our happiness le/But we hate
to die on the strece E5 a 5 slaw 25 for our New Masters". Another is by Dhustiyanthan who writes, 'Some one died yesterday That was neither myself nor yourself Some one died yesterday That was neither myself nor yourself Some one died today. It was not you or If someone dies tomorrow) then it has to be either you or me Definitely it will be one of us'.
Three other poems related to to the theme of those who have migrated away from Jaffna to foreign climes warrant mention.
One by "Wannachchi ragu "Portrays the feelings of those who have left their homeland. I shall return, and of my birth' is the title of the poem and is in itself self-explanatory of the Contert 5. Tha OECTS relate to tha Wiew point of those who remain Behird to Wa Tads those who hawe left. "A letter to Cheliyan is about the asylumseeking refugees. "Before the flames that engulfed our towns hawe been extinguished/Before the stains of our blood have frozen Do not look for mo in the refugee mob which walks over the corpses of our murdered youth and lands at Berlin'.
Berlin" by
HE KLLING
Iht to shatter Iries with gur is
(Mao said) in the Barre 'iarn't quite to the barrell succurrib
fast in the unleased horror S. We thought we had safely escaped иглеci, the tapestry stala "nships Where arrows once raced "ing dead that /i/y the wa se
the wifting of the barress promise h spurting weeds from forgotten graves гел олce bright eyed theјr ch//d/тооd'ал7iss " Fat me Who fasioned the Staves es that rise to the /ips of the brave antila disorder seems theory to fail.
FIELDS
-- Ul. Karl Lunatilake

Page 15
IDENTITY - The Grea
Mervyn de Silva
the grip of a harrowing ethnic conflict, the five-year-old separatist Insurgency, Sri Lanka has LLLLLL S LLLL SLLLLLC SS S S SS LLLLLL L LL LLL of unwelcome publicity. The story of the Tamil 'boat people,' 55 refugees abandoned by a West German ship of Newfoundland, scerned almost too much Worldwide exposure to bear. "We are not a "refugee-producing country," "Protested Foreign Minister Shahul Harmeed, stung by a Western ne WSPAP er CCTmment.
Most European governments have tighterned wisa rules for al Sri Lankans - including Britain, despite Sri Lanka's claims as a cornmonwealth member. If the refugee and guest worker become insidious carriers of the virus of racial prejudice in Europe, the revenge of the old colonies on erstwhile masters may appear complete. Yet, such a process will not be free of an irony that mocks the third world. Race, language, religionard tribe, the badges of group identity, Haye been the Tost fecund source of third World unrest. And often it is the exile abroad who is the promoter of separatist struggles and terrorism at home.
Race more than class, identity rather than ideology is the favorite mode of mobilization of alienated national minorities. As Prof. Wyndraeth H. Morris-Jone5, the British political scientist, has noted, two kinds of demands are ade. If the group is concentrated, these are likely to be territorial, if dispersed, the demands arte for "proportional' participation or power-sharing. Sri Lankan's problem, the conflict between the Sinha lese majority and the Tami|| minority in the north, belongs to the first category, but the Government hopes a solution can be based on the second.
Ethnic allegiance is no respecter of state borders, which hawe often been arbitrarily drawn. The strugEle for Cultural identity is now the World's most potent antisysterT T force, the great destabilizer. The violence it generates
defies the meat. c. war" of Marxis it makes nonser -sponsored glob ories of Reaga The phenomeno countess third Was demonstrat the nomaligned Zimbabwe. Whi Condémn “5dt5 Africa and Isra |iberation Tow skil | l5 = Were Sewe achiew e consen 5 u separatism, espe recei Wing extern: going chairman Movement, Prir Gandhi of India g Sחtiם וחסrק fם separatism. But Fhe Corteded 5tat ad installed th ear insurgenc
5te.
|п по герion "identity crisis South Asia, and more strik ing Lanka, once a "m democracy and W and space – the of 55 phic compa55 — intensity of the that low th Teate
dia''S ROLE
More Tamil refugees the south India Իվadu, the hom: Tamils. Madras is the base C Parliamentaria FNs ally, guerrillas.
sence allowed
stake in resol
ethnic conflict.
Help, direct :
Pakistan, Israel,
the United State Indian pressure,
of the worsening ground. Terroris bo, soaring def: economic getbal. cuts by donors.

De-stabiliser
ategories of 'class T-Leninism just as 15e of the Soviet a terrorism the5-Thatch gris. also confounds world regimes, as ed this moth at 5um mit meeting In le it Was easy to terrorism" (South el) and 5 upport elets, 58, 11 arely strained to 5 on terrorism and }cially movements a help. The outof the Nona ligned me Minister Rajiv accuses Pakistan ịkhi teFråfjsm and only last month, ehood to Mizora
e Isader af a 20y as its Chief
of the World is SC Hyde flt 15 II m0 Country i 5 3 wictim than Sri Ode"' third World el fare stato, Tmg rapid acceleration so small a geograaccount for the demonic forces : D LET LI a Part.
30,000 Sri Lankam live in camps in 1 5tag of Tam|| of 50 million the state capital, if formet Tam|| and more cruciThis refugee preIndia to claim a ving Sri Lanka's
and covert, from China, Britain and could not match
and the pressure
situation on the bomb 5 il ColomInse spending and ks, threats of aid - and the partial
failure of a major
tion in the north - pushed GowerTent to the E5 With the Ti
military орегаthք negotiating moderates.
But the guerrillas say that their minimum non negotiablë demand is a north-east merger that would combine the predominantly Tamil
north with large
arca 5 of the
c thinically mixed cast, where Tamils say they hawa lived for centuries,
PF25|| Juli L5
R. Jayewar
derld Cannot Concede that or be 5een to consider it. Already op
position forces led
Pri Mister Bandaraniike, and the
argue that
by the former Mr 5. Siri mawo supported by
influential Buddhist clergy "autonomy''
really
leans ''federali5rn,' a 5 in Steward
in the Sinhalese vocabulary, Tout
ing fears of separate ဂျိုမျိုးဖွံ့႕ဝmး ဂဲ ~ -) H
Thh Tamil moderate negotiators
returned to India,
only to find
their leader branded a traitor by the militants. Two of his parlia
mentary colleagues
WETG 255,255||11
ated in the Tamil north last year.
The moderates da Te mot Take a
unilateria deal
wat dene.
with Mr.
ауе
Only India can bridge the gap, but how much leverage does Mr. Gandhi haya ? Tamil Nadu Was the
first state in India to raise
post-independence
the
separatist
banner. Nehru's formula of linguis
tic states, With
adjustments,
helped
some bordat cope with
separatism then. It would be an irony of history if the Sri Lankan Tamil issue rekindled Tamil Nadu
5e Parati5 T1.
This is the Oth that death of Mao Wrote: "Countries
anniversary of Tse-tung. He want freedom,
nations want independence, peoples Want liberation." As the Zimbabwe meeting testified countries have got freedom and nations have won
independence. But
third World
regimes are now drawn into close
encounters of the
third kind,
(This article appeared in the Sunday edition of the New York Times, 2 1985).
B

Page 16
|-獅、� *歸屬 乡勇
སྣ་
PHOENIX
 
 

guided by nature's starge powers, he
323. El 3 es el su parfor: || EI-iftBIslanghlp, T mSLL HzLLOLOLLL LLLL LL LLLLLCL LH LLLH HH LLLeuLLL LLLLLLLLML
LLLLLL LLLLL LHHLHHH LLLL uLtLLL LLLLLLLLMLLLLLLLLS |imilară piliante and Lirigarring ELIna. LL LLL SLLL LLLHL LHHLHHLHLMSSS L LLLLLLLHL LL LLL LLLLLL HLLS
Tıdır. İlin 5 iri Lazırıkkal ilini bitirildirmi?--Türmanı, And DIY yang of Luis could ni'w "Y"r TIrr Tomill:silica Ili I. atchifi Jali
Edgal-Hill fur Orm Ws at the Buildiri Miural Corporation םkפח הח uםץ פחותחהם שיהיו חתו llה uטיו הוויל מחH
our drairi Florid - reality.
ilding Materials Corporation
Branches throughout Sri Lanka

Page 17
RAJIV GANDHI : a
Bhabani Sen Gupta
Og a few full moons ago, he was their daring star of the
affluent middle class and the rich. Now, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi is being described as the falling star in the Political firmament. With a quickly-contrived, somewhat discomforting consensus, the press has pronounced another instant judgment: on the Wane. The Sun 5 se en to be Setting. No. 5 Es rising in the Indian political sky.
The prime minister is being attacked on a wide front, from the left, the right and the centre of the political spectrum. He is being attacked for his political strategy of conciliation and accommodation, more precisely for concluding the Punjab and Assam accords; for deviating from India's traditional foreign policy; more precisely for moving closer to the United States; for frittering away hard-earned scarce foreign exchange by allowing haphazard, even competitive, import of technology not really needed by the country; for shrugging off the technological capabilities the country has earned over the years thereby undermining self reliance and independence; and finally, for alienating the captains of trade and industry by sending his sleuths to ook Under ther bids and into ther lockers for evidence of largescale tax evasion.
A campaign is on to reduce last year's hero to a non-hero. He is now being depicted as a political nowice incapable of playing power politics at home and abroad. As a reluctant politician, incapable of facing up to the stormy blasts of Indian politics now and in the Coming years. As a leader who has built a barren distance between himself and his party chieftains for whom he has little respect. As a party leader who doesn't care for the party who can neither disown it nor rebuild it in his OWNI image as Sanjay Gandhi would
Author of The Fulcrum of Asia", Prof Sen Gupta of the Centre for Policy Research in Delhi, is one of Indifa's foremost foreign policy analysts)
"The title minister's pri If he is fոս] ոnd foreign
nd the frg |ikE Indiը,
Faye done If le the gādi. By co regional political to have not only States for his Pia a political storm Uttar Pardishw it to har west am In the Hindi ht alleted Business needs as friends a midde la 55 w Ha allies" , his con: goes on like thi: he will be provi of Oscar Wild's no enemies, but hate me."
The attacks O. do not disprove minister's princi are soLund, COTTE If he is to be f in the broad a economic and and targets, but tegy, tactics ar carrying them t democracy like ir Wements have b single year, both the neighbourhoo with the hegemo Gandh1. His poli and accommodati try tranquility it for more that a di ated is-sident irelements into the
His neighbourh Worked miracles, earned India grea the neighbours a for 5 moother inti in South Asia. S maced when they shoulders with at the SAARC : Others groaned

mid-term report
s on him, however do not disaprove that the prime icipal policy thrusts are sound, correct and timely. cd, it is not in the broad are of political economic, policies and targets, but in political strategy, tactics
age of carrying them through in a soft democracy His achievements are many. . . . . .
had succeeded to npromising with forces, he is seen 'lost" two more rty but has sown in Haryana and 1ich may compel electora d5aster artland. He has tycoons whom he Tid tha better-off are his 'natural Stituency. If he , it is being said, ng the Veracity words, "" || hawe all my friends
n him, however,
that the prime palpolicythrusts :ct and timely, aulted, it is not *ea of political foreign policies in political strald language of hrough in a soft dia. His achieeen many. Iп а
at home and in d, he has broken nic style of Indira cy of conciliation on gawe the Coun
had mot known acade. It integregional political political process.
ood policy hasn't but has certainly ter credibility of nid pawed the Way er-state relations ome people grisaw him rubbing military dictators ummit in Dhaka, when he refused
to feel threatened from Pakistan and did not share his mother's perception that India was being "ringed in' by hostile powers. However, by improving relations with the US and China, Rajiv Gandhi has brought India into the mainstream of international politics of the latter half of the 1980s, when no nation is confronting any other nation, and a nations, without deviating from their respective traditional anchors of foreign policy, are trying to normalise relations with as many countries as possible.
His package of economic policies of liberalisation, opening up to the outside world, and mounting a modernising drive in the last 15 years of the second millenium, Won overwhelming national support in 1985 with demurs coming only from the two Communist parties. Indeed, one could see a modernising consensus emerging in the elite circles, comparable to 'agriculture consensus" of 1967-72, and the earII er "industrialisation consensus" of the mid-1950s. The two previous consensuses had brought significant change in the political process, The industrialisation consensus had a hegemonic centre, a command economy with centralised planning a large public sector that captured the economy's commanding heights, and a national elite now probably 70 million strong. The 'agriculture consensus' enabled the cultivating community to seize political power at the state level and created in less than a decade, a vast local elite competing with the national elite for sharing political, economic and social power, but also cooperating with it at a hundred meeting points of the political process.
(To be continued)

Page 18
MNSTRY OF LANDS
Wall Panelli
adds E & Grandeur ;
office
The richness and War your Walls and ceilings gi that sophisticated look o' that discriminating peopl
Choose strong, durab of kiln-seasoned hardwoo albizzia and saligna in soc be assured of the ultimate
Panella -"for a beautiful
19ಿದ್ಲಿ!
746, Galle Roa Telephone. 50C
 

GE LAND DEVELOPMENT
mth of wood panelling on Wes homes, offices and hotels F distinction and graciousness e of good taste insist on.
le "Panelle" panelling made ds like kirihambiliya, panakka, thing harmonious shades and 2 in quality.
refined setting.
imber XN
d, Bambalapitiya, Colombo 4 515

Page 19
Gaddafi challenges N.
Credentials
WOICES FROM THE 3rd WORLD
At the new y bLIIIt B. M. C. H, in August 1976, Libya's mercuria|Colon el Muammar Gaddafi stunned the largest gå hering of World Eaders Ey ET FISsembled up to that moment in NAM || history by theaten ing to "exposic" LLaLLaL LLLL LLLLLLLLuS L LLLLL LLLLLL month, the Leader of the Libyan Revolution declared in What was
of the Conference, "The Title
C
| Instead - of the bits an di pieces the në Ws agencies sent out. In their r:- ports from Harare, the full text of some of the addresses have now aaL LLLLLL LLLSS LOLOLL L LLLL LLLK LLLLLK LLLHHHHHLLLLLLL CCCLLLLS S SLLLLLLLL and style, came froT Libya's GADDAF and Cuba's CASTRO - one passionate but aggressively challenging, other equally eloquent but supportive of the 25 year movement. We begin publishing excerpts: The first is from Colche Gaddafi:
certainly the most dramatic moment
The tirÎle has CCITie.
We Cannot du pe our People and ignore the Principles of the Movement and accept to sit with those who deal with the Zionists in occupied Palestine and recognize its occupation by them.
| hawe not come here to 5 It
With such people because this doesn't become a revolutionary like my self.
There are in this ha|| || real puppets for Imperialism, enemies of the movement and traitors such as the existing regimes in Zaire, Cameroon, Ivory Coast and Egypt. I wonder whether the 'Arab" recognize the regime in South Africa and whether this wi || be met with acceptance. Zionism and racism are claws of imperialism and its spearheads In addition to their being its props in Africa and the Arab region.
South Africa is U. S. dirty foot in Africa and Israel is its other foot in our Arab region.
The World unt hears the name will become Pal: for Israel is a c menor after the War in the same Rhodesia was a African continent
My presence it for the purpose the morals of it frgedam in Sout those who we sons like Nels his comrades in ting with my fig such as Castro, leaders of the States.
it is better fo Withdraw from and I will put f tion of withdra Aligned Movemer fication for its
Cm the abo FE11 US-NATO AGG ched against Gre Member State | | Wonder at wha med Movement h: this aggression, West European
The Movement Էյքո բficial, if it the aggressor an that the IOI Me join in the Fight on the side of Nic: We or any other being subjected aggression from :
How cal Wea 5 with the Egyp whose regime h with the Americi: nistS is on their ag Bole and offer S. troops to Stage man Oeu Wres Suez Cana| to U. craft carriers to aggression on our

A.M.'s
i I this day sti II of Israel which Stine one day, olonialisto pheno
second world way as Northern olonialist in our
| Harare i5 350 of strengthen Ing he fighters for Africa and of in the racist prin Mandela and addition to meahting colleagues
Ortega and the rontline African
It my Country to tš Movement orward the quesWa. The Nonit has lost justi
f95ET1CE.
e and barbarous RESSICN Iliulat Al Jamahiriya, this Movement. it the Non-Aligis done wis-a-vis Jointing out that :Outries.
would hawe been has announced to to the World Tiber States will on Libya's side, հragua, Zimbabmember state to a colonial .y SCLCח1
it here together tian delegation as allied itself ans and the Zicurס חסוTQ5Sièr di its land to traif1 cm , tữ and opened the S. nuclear airtake part in the
Country.
By such a situation the deceit. and treachery have become clear. I cannot accept them. I declare my rejection of the shameful status the Movement has come to.
I believe that the World 15 divided into two camps, one is for liberation the other is Imperialist. There is no effective presence for any other gathering, Being in the camp of liberation does not mean joining the Warsaw pact but to ally with it to confront the imperialist camp.
The presence of reactionary agent forces in the ranks of the Movement poses a great danger.
It is inconceivable that, for example, the Egyptian regi The supports the cause of liberty, because this regime has appro
priated its land for U. S. Troops to train on for their invasion and aggression on the Libyan Arab people.
We have the right to enquire about the meaning of the presence of this and other puppet regimes within the ranks of the Mo Wemelt.
I did not come here to sit with them, but to declare my disayo WaI from thern and from the Movement which includes them, because in no Way I can come and attend any gathering with them.
talk here on the need to have a split, a tremor inside the Movement against imperialism on international level. He elabotated that the socialist camp is in need of the support of small nations to confront imperialism. Efforts will unite in a strong alliance against imperialism and its malicious cancerous octopus.
Can any of you inform me about what did the Mower ment do towards the U. S. mining of
Nicaragua? Its invasion of Grenada? And its aggression on Jamahiriya?
(Continued on page 18)

Page 20
Micaragua
Reagan and 'State
A 35 year old American, Mr. Eugene Hasen fus from Marinette Wisconsin, captured when an Ametil plane Carrying arms to the US-supported "Contras" was shot down by Sandinista forces in Southern Nicaragua, has confessed that he is a US military adviser". Mr. George Schultz, US Secretary of State, was quick to deny that he was what he claimed to be or that he had any con
Gaddafi. . .
(Continued from page. I7)
The as weer 5 zero, and that means that the turn will be on us a II, because We do no more thăm 155ue sitätement S at a tim c Britain offer its basics for U. S. forces to launch an aggression on my home and on my country.
I am sure that a number of those sitting here, they are not with their people. They are not With the cause of freedon, told you, in Colombo that I was going to expose this Movement at the forthcoming Summit and the hour has come.
We cannot deceive our people tot dece i we ou Tse Iwcs that members of this movement are non-aligned and that they are with us against imperialism. He sajd" in this ha|| there are real puppets and dirty spies for imperialism. Zionism and racism. Anyone who recognises Israel is an enemy of this Movement and an enemy of the cause of freedom and an enemy of the cause of liberty.
I did not come here to deserate myself before world revolutionaries by sitting beside the President of Zaire or the Cameroon of the Ivory Coast. It is not a P Pro Priate for any rewolutionary like myself to sit with those traitors and spies who recognise Israel.
| Promise you from this rostrum that I will as from now on endeavour to create a World of two camps only :-
A LIBERATION CAMP AND AN IMPERALIST CAMP
Terrorism
nection With th{ or that the plane owned. It is a with “5do Te Ama he said, which Could Haye donc tances. A very turned out to E
There were t', after the crash, identity cards, Ebearing the insi: drar Air Force", "Group U.S. A. Aw5e"". El Sal of the neighbouri which the US-suroperate. Hondu base. The US established the so-ca ed "Sout port" and the -F Schutz derlie adwisers work ing ' who are trying to gua's Sandinista conducts, quite su age operation in:
The official deni bility because th involvement of it stration in the throw the Nicar: was exposed by than the Intern; Justice which fa of mining the Foi ablatant violatio |aw.
In any case, t nistration's in Wol blished beyond a the US press ar sonal debate. On trower SLI | 155 U e million dollars) t a sum slightly given to the U. Who Work with army In their m іп Апgola.
Richard Hallor New York Times: t is prepared tC. ãdựĩser5 tũ trai the the Nicarag if Congress ap milion dollar : has requested fo

FoREIGN News
" Caught in the Act
Defense Dept. Wa,5 go YeTTI r11eTh t"private plane"
ricans on board, is the best he I ET TIL 15poor best as it
wo bodie5 found and these had giving names and nia of the "Salvawith inscriptions "" and "Position wador is only one ng countries from ported "Contras "as is the main ress has already nks between the 1ern Air TransUS government. d there were US with the "Contras' oust the Nicaragovernment and |ccessfully, Sabotside Nicaragua,
|Slack a || Credia deep and direct the Reagan admi! attempt to CWer!g|JäT gOWeFm ment no less a body toma || Court of und the US guilty orts of Nicaragua, of international
he Reagan admi|We The Int Was estelny doubt by both id the Congres
the highly con
of US aid (100 to the "contras' - larger than that N.I.T. A. rebels the South African ilitary operations
an Wrote in the President Reagan send military in rebels fighting guan government proves the 100 id the President r the insurgents,
according to Defence Dept. officials. Their comments Were the first indication that the administration was ready to give dirett a555 tal-ITCe to the for CO25 that are fighting the leftist government in Nicaragua. The officials emphasised however that the US advisers Would not be permitted to enter Nicaragua. . . in addition, officials said, the US would be prepared to share intelligence information with the rebels. . . In testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee, Ggneral John R. Galvin, Commandar of American forces in Central America, called for "comprehensive US support" for the DRF (the contras) who have their bases in Honduras and mount forays across the border. . ."
Reporting from Miami, Florida,
only a few months ago, Marshall Ingerson of the Christian Science
Monitor, one of America's nost reputed papers, wrote: "Miami is a rebelbase again... First
anti-Castro Cubans, now Nicaraguan "contras' operate out of Florida city. . .''
Delhi's Pressure. . . (Continued from page 6) in the next round of talks. Without compromising their publicly stated position on the Таппll һопeland issue which incidentally is not very different from that of the TULF which also has been taking a firm Stand on E.
It is not certi Whether the Indian Ministers and officials dealing
with Sri Lanka Will| hawe time Eo engage in these talks with the militants in Delhi or Madras,
before the External Affairs Ministry, Mr. P. Shiw Shanker and tha Foreign Secretary Mr. Wenkateswaran accompany the Prime Minister om his State wisi ES to Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand and Thailand starting on Oct 13. In any case it is highly unlikely that the next round of talks with the Sri Lankan Government representatives with or without the participation of the militat, wi II ble Held before next month.

Page 21
CORRESPONDENCE
Flashpoint-Tri
During 25 years from 1815 to 1940 the Crown Colony of Ceylon had hardly any use
for the World famous and perhaps the largest natural harbour in the World -
Trincoma lege.
Trincomalee harbour sudden came alive after '940. Wit the outbreak of the Second World War, when Allied Warships began to use Trinco as a Naya base.
In 1944 as Commandar of the 3 x 6' gun Battery on Floods Tower - the examination Battery which controlled the entry and departure of all Warships and Merchant ships LI saw the British Battleships 'Queen Elizabeth' and Valiant, the French Battleship "Richeliev", the U.S. Aircraft Carrier "Saratoga', oll tankers, submarines, and Flying Boats, "Sunderlands" and Dutch Catainas, and hundreds of small craft, use this harbour at one and the Sarne time With room for still more ships There was also the 1000 foot floating dock, which subsequently sunk by the Royal Navy, due to a defect in its structure, which caused serious damage to the propellor of HMS Waliant !
With the end of hostilities,
Trincomalee Harbour Was abandoned and used for yachting and fishing etc.
With the prospects for a repetition of the Japanese attack on the U.S. Nawy in Pearl Harbour, Hawaii and the destructive power of Atom Bombs dropped by the U.S.A. on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the development of long range bombers and balistic missiles
-
and the IT ng Igar attac will put all one basket fleet in Tr the Sri Laր small that o a microscope the vast ex maleց !
In the fortie Free Tam|| S. mooted by t Tamils and Indiam Tam|| and eyes W. Trinico again Commercial State, which going to be India
An extract fr about the Int by a study Mettanı anda, G Tita - reads
"n the wo
Appadurai c is already when Ceyl their rule, Free Tami sess the b bour in the male'
This pregnant Ceylon is cor book on th Dawida Mun a dedicated zation of Sol
After indepel demands for State made South India demand was State, and fr separate State

inco Harbour
dern thrgäE of k, no naval power
its "eggs' in by basing their incomaleel And ka. Nawy is so ne. Would need i to locate it in 5 Of T" -
s the idea of a State was being the South Indian by the British 01 0L ES ALES Vere turned on for uso as the Harbour of this persumably was Independent of
om -- The Truth dian Problem' - group Comprising Goda ITT Line, Tam
*ds of Profe55if Madras, Ceylon i| andוחi-Taוחם 5 o Comas Under the envisaged State will pos35 E 1āt. Lura || HartWorld, Trinco
reference to taimede as of the etra Kazhagam, olitica organith India,
idence in 1948 a free Tam I y the DMK in re W. Here the rst for a Fédéral
|| 974 foi for Tami || Eelam.
- The scorched-earth policy of the "terrorists' to rid the environs of the Northern and Eastern Prowinces, Es un doubtedly to get possession of
Trinico the old "commercial Harbour" of the DMK "Free Stato".
The burning question now is does Sri Lanka need such a huge harbour for its own use, either for its Navy or Commercial Ship
ping 2
The answer is a resounding "No!"
Would not the solution be to reduce the water expense by reclaiming the land, by filling it up with the earth from the Ostenburg Hoods Tower hills, from the two Sobar isles, the Clappenburg hill etc, up to the requireTents of Sri Lanka's Navy and Commercial GPTi for five or six large vessels and Tankers at a time and thereafter develop the fish Ing town of Trincomalee and build a super-fine tourist complex, on this reclaimed land. This will give easy ocean access to tourists to The Cultural Triangle and the Central and other provinces, and help to integrate the Northern and Eastern Provinces with the rest of Sri Lanka.
If this is done immediately, the separatist dreams, the D.M.K. Wision and the envious eyes of India, and the big powers and perhaps China, who yearn for the use of Trincomalee Harbour, will cease. We could then return to barracks
The struggle is on, not for Trincoralee, or the Northernor Eastern Provinces - but for Trinico Harbour So let us cut Tricomalae Harbour to size
Colonel Lyn Wickramasuriya .5 סBחחסlסC
9

Page 22
DIVINE REVI
PALI BU
by Peter
In this study of initiation of the Buddha), Peter Masefi of Buddhist texts, presents e. that Salvation in original Budd interwention of the Buddha's now commonly accepted view philosophy of self-endeavour, a careful examination of the Buddhism as a revealed religi and the Buddha as every bit
In considering the rela Brahmanic tradition, Dr Masef was critical of the brahmins : no longer lived up to the Socia with their predecessors, and reformer, this was only so in a return to the former Conse
Ps
The Sri Lanka Institut
(P. O. Box 12
George Allen &
Hardcover
fr
TARPROBANE HIC

ELATION N.
DDHISM
Wasefield
in the Nikayas (Discourses gld, Pali scholar and translat0r widelice which makes it clear | hism depended on the sawing grace and that contrary to the of Buddhism as a rationalistic the picture that emerges from canonical texts is one of on in every sense of the term
the divine guru.
tionship of Buddhism to the ield shows that the Buddha solely on the grounds that they and religious ideals associated that, if the Buddha was a the Sense that he advocated watism of Vedic India.
Лed hy
of Traditional Studies
204, Colombo)
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Page 23
US, UK and Japan - Defenders of Apartheid
Horace Perera
here was an interesting film
sorme years ago entitled “The Mouse that Roared'. Today in response to the call for sanctions against the white minority, regime in the Republic of South Africa it looks as if the Lion, the Eagle, the Cuds of the She-wolf and other derzens in Certain section 5 of the international jungle can only utter some muted and inclffective squeaks. We are expected to believe that it is for purely humanitarian reasons that they hawe lost their once belligerent voices and that they are of opinion that sanctions will hurt the blacks more than the effect they will hawe on the Whites. Is this a genuine concern for the welfare of the blacks or just a verdal Smoke-screen behInd Which the COTT Tercial hou 5e 5 and the Ind LIStrial concerns of these countries LL e0HaLLL K LL0 KKLL LLL KHLL LLaLLLL profits from their branches in the Republic of South Africa at the cost of the "blood toil, sweat and tears' of the indigenous people of that country?
As memori og are short it | 5 considered usefus to cite one set of the series of statistics furnished |n Kanaka DixIt's excellent arti│ce in the September '86 issue of Development Forum''. We are informed that there is a five-fold difference in infant mortality rates between whites and blacks; that in 1985 out of 44,100 reported cases of tuberculosis only about WOO were whites: that the life expectancy is 72 for whites but only 58 for blacks, and that the doctor to patient ratio in 1982.
Was I : 330 For Whites and I: 9,000 for blacks. The question can Very relevantly be raised
What more is there for the blacks to OGC
Discrimination is far too mild a Word for this monstrous and diabolical phenomenon. It is a Very subtle political device not to
eli Tinate the b (for they are ne: of low grade ma to keep their nu their strength their ortale 5o pose no serious white minority w wields political country. With t reproduced in the the Government of South Africa rmorally gul lity : and those who, Partici Pated in appear reluctant altogether can accessorie:S befor: the fact... After unlikely that they ignorant of the tehuillligation oil Wa5 taking Place and they surely ca of what is happe
It cannot be di blacks are likely the effects of a part is that they hawa Willingness to do of those Wo
T. W. 5 5.E: El "Mi by bread alone" refering to peop pigmentation: lt ited that sati duca i mediate because the gove Republic of South taken, and Will Il 315 LITEE LO OLIS deleterious effect but also because raitee that nati del ratior15; Gr. 5 that country wi effectively implem Wםthing, h חalוח Dixit says, in 'sanctions would eerdem nation, Wol logical boost to

and "honorary’ whites
lacks completely ded for al II types nual labour) but mbers down, sap and thus lower that they can throat to the which so cruelly power in the ha 5Lati55 in Veסh abקparagra of the Republic all be said to be of mass murders in the past, this crima and to abandon it
be said to be and also after all, it is very
were completely exploitation and the blacks that
all these years nnot be ignorant ning there today.
enied that Some to suffer from theid. The point declared their so for the sake Will come after us Christ told Til does not liwe ", he was not le With a light mu 5 t also be ons Wi II not proresults, not only :րmmբmէ Ճf thը Africa has already on Einu8 to také hion the more 5 of sanctions, there is no guaakeוח סWh 5חס anctions against honestly and 1ẽht thêm. Thẽ "awer, is a G | Mt. his article, that symbolise moral Jld give a psychothe black and
Based on a talk given in Geneva recently by the Former Secretary-General UNITED NATIONS ASSOCIATIONS.
In dormine the confidence of the embattled authorities in Pretoria.
There seems to be a surprising omission in the campaign against apartheld. While the appeal for the impostition of sanctions is being addressed to all countries, it is specifically directed to The Republic's major trading partners, such as the United States of America, Canada and some countries in Western Europe, but for some strange reason Japan is often left out. That Japan has baan a major trading partner with the Republic no one will deny. As a matter of fact it has even "collaborated" with North American and some major Western European countries in South Africa's nuclear enterprise," Will Japan, acting altruistically on her own, apply 'sanctions against South Africa? Will she join the squeakers? Or will she remain quite for the simple reason that, since 1962, the Republic of South Africa has gracious y conferred the status of Honorary Whites' on Japanese living in the country, trading with it or coming in as tourists. In view of the fact the classification of people in the Republic of South Africa is based on pigmentation, should not Japan show its solidarity with the rest of Asia, most of the South Pacific, the indigenuous peoples of Africa and most people in tha Caribbean region by imposing sanctions against Republic of South
(Continued on page 24)
In February 1980 the United Nations Centre Against Apartheid named the collaborators in South Africa's nuclear enterprise.
2||

Page 24
The Kotmale project closed 2
A malign parenthesis ii
Thomas Bibi
closed at least another year.
பர தரy for thE.
The giant Kotrindle Hydrpower plant built by the
inaugurated with pomp and circumstance on August .
One week later it was closed and, except for one
turbines running for a few months earlier this year,
Great and unforseer needed, and the Swedish government has said that It is In addition, the Swedish government that it will reduce its did plans for Sri Lanka. In means a 90 per cent cut in Swedish aid to Sri Lar
he Swedish Ebuilt Kotmale hydropwer plant, one of four hydro power corner Stones in the ahaweli River Development Plan, has run into problems. Already when the project Was Commissioned in August last year, it was known that the te were cracks in the high pressure tunnels, leading the water to the turbines. On Sept. 1, 1985, only one week later, the single turbine in operation was closed. At that time the cost of the repairs were estimated to SEK 30 million (almost I00 million Rupees or 3 million pounds sterling).
The besoek is not as solid as earlier projected. Millimeter-broad gaps have opened up the bedrock as the water rushed through. At first it was thought that 30 meters in the lowerschaft had to be covered with a steel jacket. Skanska, the Swedish company that built the Kotmale dam and plant, has accepted the contract on the repairs as well.
However, in June it was revealed that the problems at Kotmale were much bigger than earlier estimations. While the Water Was eaking heavily into the cavities around the turbine hait Wya 5 di5Covered that also the low pressure tunnels needed repairing. This meant another SEK 70 million and å im Luth longer time schedule for the stopof the plant. Kotmale cannot
е срепеd agaiп earlier thaп 5опne
(The writer, a well known Swedish journalist, has visited Sri Lanka several times).
time during 1987, after its inaugur
The Swedish declared that it repairs. Accord
decision in the Pa
has agreed to pa as a grant and milion 15 a 5ub the Kotmale pr payments will b. fiscal year 1987.
Ta | t | paved with nast many critics in S. Contract Wa.5 Without fora || || || prescribed in the agreement signe: ties. Then it w costs for the pi 5 " SEK FOO Tg E '5 SIDA, the Swei Which was hush: While the two Skanska War E mind 5. Tham | ti'w risks and the damsite upwards delaying the wh in 1982, there we il Par||ürlığıt to | EC I GCW TITI to inform the Kotmiile decisior its generous pr: Lankan countet p: eding the preval at that time.
that the Kota tended only for condition onjoyer

Swedish aid history
Swedes was 24, last year. OLit of three will reign repairs are поt prepared has deglered practice this 1kd.
around two years
LO
government has annot pay for the ng to an earlier lia Trent, Swedgin y SEK I.4 bi|| ||Ton
e SEK 3 sidised credit for oject. The final e made during the BB.
Kot male has been y remarks from Wedel. First the giwen to Skanska Bidding which is development aid | by the two-paras the ever rising "oject, starting at
| || || || FO 2 sidestepping of sh aid authority to the color governments and making up their was the earth side Towcent of the the Kotmale river ole setu P. Then, tre heavy criticism Wards the former ent for its failure arliament on the s in 1979 and for rises to its Sri rts by far exceling aid agreement Then critics said e power Was irl
the affluent air 's in Colombo and
for the foreign free trade zone industries north of the city, not for the rura inhabitats. Others said that Kotmale would be an glgment in the resulatjörn of Mahaweli Water intend for down Straal T activities where multinational agrobizz companies were setting up their plantations. Yet others asked if it is not true that local Sri Lankan parlamentarians only selected sinhala peasants when land was distributed under the MahaWelli settlement schemes.
And on top of this, the closure of Kotmale, The Proud plans for a 20 mW plant have resulted in no mW. On 70 mW turbing is there but cannot operate. Turbine tW6 i 5 insta|od but i E. Connot even be tested for operation. And turbina Ehree has not baan Installed yet.
Skanska representatives at Kotmale are eager to point out that Skanska has no guilt in the present Situation, Skanska del Wered the da Tı and the plant ewen earlier than planned. But depression prevails among those about 25 Skanska emiPloyees Still Working at Kotmale. In return for anonymity, some of
all. There are other power plants generating electricity, and their impression is that the Sri Lankan government is not too worred over the closure of Kotmale.
There a Te also other Teasons to be worried over Kotrinae, the biggest single Swedish aid Project ever made. In May, W. Prabakharan, the potent leader of the strongest tam il guerilla group, the Tiger5, said to this writer when visiting Madras that the development projects may be a target for future guerilla attacks.
We have no immediate plan for such attacks, says Prabakharan. But if the government continues to bomb defence less Tamils in Sri Lanka, we will take that possibility in to consideration.

Page 25
The threats stirred up the minds at SIDA and SIPA: s security exBert visited Kotmale recently. The security arragements at the Project have been tightened considerably. The intention is to equip the Swedish aid employees with wireless communication systems and to elaborate evacuation plans.
The Swedish official attitude towards Kotmale and the aid to Sri Lanka has hardened considerably in recent times. However, publf. cly there is no harm done to the Kotmale project itself. If is the War between the liberal government Under President Jayewardene and the tami I gueri I las that has created concern within the Swedish government representatives refused to comment but vaguely on the conflict. Then suddenly, in October last, the under-secre try of state for foreign affairs, Mr Pierre Schor, said that:
It is ewident that the Tam Ils hawe bean exposed to encroach
пnents and suff be justified by The Sri Lankar not a Wade its this mateer.
This being po official attitude new directives w with regard to people within S concerned over šitLäo Fe wers of Swedish a this year the S.
Mr Borje Ljun, Writer that;
(. . .) Still the
ethnic conflict
Very serious 3 10 - 50! Lution - Witt Ely. This situ; SlL) A to redu: tle Welopment a Kot male" i e.
This was the y the conflict in
TULF memo to . . .
(Continued from page 10)
The projects under the Mahawell
in the following order:
Project No.
Development
Nanne Of Pr.
Victoria Multipurpose
2
Moragahakanda MultiPu Maduru Oya Reservoir Teldeniya Multipurpose Kotmale Multipurpose Kalu Ganga Reservoir Rotal wala Reservoir C Paliwella Multipurpose Ma|Watu Cya Reservoir Yarı Oya Reservoir Co Randenigala Multipurpo. and part N. C. P. Cani Balance N. C. P. Cana benefiting lands in the Pro Wince.
The report of the Development Plan states that if the projects have to be taken up as and when resources are made available the project numbers indicate the recommended order of Priority
for execution. Re: become available jects to be under cordingly the N. C. fitting lands in Province remains the la SE on the Ist

erings that cannot terrorist actions. 1 government canresponsibility in
ssible shift in the to Sri Lanka, no era gi wen to SIDA future aldı. But I DA were already the deteriorating of the mai receid. And in March DA Sub-director ggren told this
2 fact is that the
in Sri Lanka i 5 ind that there is hin reach presenation has induced e the planning of id to Sri Lanka after July 1, 1988.
ery first sign that Sri Lanka would
Plan are listed
nject
Complex rpose Complex
Complex mplexסC Complex Complex plexוחס
plexוחסC plexוחסC *
Implex Se Complex
al
Complex Norther
Sources hawe no for all the protaken, and adI. F. Carna I berthe Northern as listed above, of priorities.
affect official relations between Sweden and Sri Lanka. The final payment for Kotmale the next two Years Will be SEK 150 milion and 103 million respectivity. Apart from that money there is חסly SEK 20 million yearly for rural development, education and similar
aid. The Kotmale project has become an unforseen hunch in Swedish aid to Sri Lanka. In
practice this means a cut from SEK 200 million to about 20 million i. e. 90 per cent less in the future compared to the glorious Kot male year5.
And 'Lex Kotmale", a new set of rules established within SIDA. Wil Protect the Swedish aid authorities from possible future inisterial bully. The writing on the wall is clear enough: Wave tightened the screws, and they will remain tightenen until the Colombo government finds a Peace
ful and negociated settlement with the Tamis.
For the reasons stated above, it is more than likely that the Projects con templated in the Northern Province will not be impleппепted.
In the context of the above, it connot be disputed that the total land available for alienation in the immediate or even GOTTE distant future in both the EasteF and Northern Provinces does Π Ο Ε. exceed 100,000 acres perhaps much less, the entirety of which extent, in fact, falls within the Eastern Province.
Of the several projects listed above, work has been Completed Ormenced in many projects benefitting the other Provinces. Even the part of system BMaduru Oya — benefitting the North Central Province, more than the Eastern Province (62,000 acres new land in the N. C. P. as opposed to 43,720 acres in Eastern Province) has been exeçuted — and thé land alien ated, if not the entirety - at least Over 98% to Sinhase.
(To be continued)

Page 26
Another
FEMINISM AND NATIONALISM IN THE THIRD WORLD
Kurmari Jayawardene
Zed Press f. 6.95 paperback/E 8.95
Hardback
Maxine Molyneux
Nationalism has long been
an enemy of Women's emmancipation. It has demanded their submission to misogynous practices in the name of patriotism - wheter this be the Wol in some Islamic countries, or breeding for thic nation and the cult of kinder, Kuche, Kirche in Nazi Germany. To be an advocate of women's rights in such situations is seen as betraying national culture, and capitulating to alien influences.
There is certainly another side to the story. As Tom Nairn has
written nationalism is a Janu5, a two-faced entity, and it has been so for Women. The earl
nationalisms of the 19th and 20t
centuries, along with socialist movements, had a more critical attitude to their national cultures, and took their assistance from what they saw as backward, "feu
US, UK. . .
(Continued from page 2)
Africa, and above all by renouncing the dubious honour confered on them of being considered “Honorary Whites". It behoves Japan to. Consider her positori in Continental Asia if she allows her people to accept this position conceded to them so 'generously" by the racist regime in the Republic. One has to ask, in conclusion, whether the Japanese, in the face of the mounting opposition to the racist polities of the regime in the Republic of South Africa, wish to associate themselves with ruling white minority or the exploited and oppressed
black majority in the Republic of
South Africa.
교
country
da "" and tradit From their differ Mao and Atatus that women had FT LI LI SLOT of thio Old 5gcie free the 15e wes to the building Ord.
It is this ab Iation Beat W[:en feminism that KL. brings out 3o W parative study of including Turkey dia, Sri Lanka, She shows how tive participants movements of the and that, paral of nationa | ISIT, conditions were and Women's m.
OLJE" IEG,
These social
oped in a com ship with the tied colonial rul tively influenced about democracy and the equality mer Just a 5 C a dissatisfied and class that longe: so in stimulati Women's mower World te West ambiguous rola, pendence had b. conservatism of came to the foi port for femin gecialist re yolu t; emanci Pate WOT put clear limits suppressing fem mous womeni ’5
Jayawardena’s
book an atter historical links
analysing the i calibrated per a Waluable afid

BOOK REWEW
ional practices. "ent standpoints, k both agreed
to be || bergated sand restrictions ty in order to be and to contribute if the new social
guity of the re
11 tonalism and Imari Jayawardena Fe || II het ComtWe we countries , Egypt, Iran, lnIl di Wietnim WTE YET2 lO
In the nationalist : developing World le|| to the rise the same social producing feminist wements in these
Tio Woerman 5 de Weplicated relationwest. They rejec2, but were posiby Western ideas
, social justice,
r of Time and Wagolonialism created | atticula Ee Middle for independence
ng the rise of ents in the third also played an
Yet, once indeeen attained, the the SS re and their supsm waned. The
5 did TJITE : Yen, but they too on the process, inist and autono
CWES.
is an arbitious ipt to unearth the DELVE e trminism, and in 35 Le5 with 5 Luch a she has produced compelling book.
This is so in the relationship sig estabshes Between the rise of Women's movements and the wider process of historical change, and in the way she demonstrates that the the adoption of 'antiimperialist' positions does not entall being trapped in uncritical support for national and traditional values. She also has no truck With those who dismiss feminism as a purely Western phenomenon
THe ovựera III e5 som of thi 5 book. Es that, for Women's movements as for rations, Self-deter Tinti con is never achieved Without a struggle,
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Page 27
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Utili sirg Lur u xpertis, we haya ya di Crista fLiels are just two of the
We have a stablished a tissue cultur 11 rief. Wäriotics Of Urchil. Wo als Sifa'''E''T TY ardhi Lu, plan. Es fn =
Il Cur'search for alternata iues, y, hiquet të: Jul of yasi i traif Just,
alternativi: tu, fuel oil and o firul
'W':- algo CH Hair ו-T8חוuIIaחEy 84ם ויוז יas
Ceylon Tobacco
A TierTher of
 

= tetri irti Wollwed irii the tobbacco industry irri CCC growing protating self, 1e For The rural Harmer. We contributu
CI, LIПтгу,
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t
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e ha perc:Ted il Tamulcugu These briquet, Offur a solid Fue յtit:
iii irrillergy cr3 riserva timmi
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Page 28
WE ARE A DIFFERENT KI
7here are a multitude of
O They who guard the fre
O They who protect the b
O They who guard the de of us are entitled to a
Each of us is a guardian ti
dependency in
BUT THE DIFFERENCE
RESTS ON OUR DEEP C(
WE ARE TRUSTED GUARD
MONEY, GUIDING YOU ON HO
FOR YOU AND YOUR C
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guardians during your lifetime
edom of speech & expression
asic human rights of mankind
mocratic freedoms to which each
s citizens
o others who view us for their
day to day life
IN OUR GUARDIANSHIP
ONCERN FOR YOUR FUTURE
ANS OF YOUR HARD-EARNED
W TO SPEND AND HOW TO SAVE
EPENDENTS TOMORROWS
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Of Guardian For You