Page 1
Special to the
Guardian G O R BA C H
Vol. 9 No. 14 November 15, 1986 Price Rs. 4.0(
SDE
- a black eye
Why Rajiv caged
Sri Lanka's Role
Jaffna Economy
Muslims Defend
Also: S.D.l. and
C.R.D. on Human rig
 
 

EV'S VISIT TO INDIA
— Bhabani Sen Gupta
Registered at the GPO, Sri Lanka QJ/72/N/86
for an S.D..
the Tiger
- Mervyn de Siswa
in SAARC
ллаһinda //e a ka
and the War
- Paul Seabright
Sharia — A. M. M. world opinion, negotiations and hts, 'amil vote

Page 2
THE PREM
IN SOU"
A massive PCrt Expansio Colombo into a modern C Transhipment Centre qualif with the following addition and Commercial Port Users
O Bulk-Handing facilities
O Rebagging and Reproce
O A Streamlined Bonding
Any special requirements coulc
Enqu
డ్డి
SRI LANKA PO
19. Church Stree
Colombo,
Telephone: 25.559

[IER PORT
TH ASIA
Project has transformed )ntainer Handling Port and ying for "Base Port' status |al facilities to the Industrial
for Grain, Fertilizer and Cement,
issing facilities,
Service.
| be a rra 7ged for on request.
iries :
RTS AUTHORITY
P. O. Box 595, Sri Lanka.
Telex: 21805 PORTS CE

Page 3
Og Eye, e cred C of Sri Lankan socialism are heing slaughtered. The Step-bystep exercise in slaughter is called Privisa Liar, The Shiring Barrier of Reaganis F-Thatcherism aard The IMF is ir 5 chief first rifFrien. Mary (T state corporato
as proved rter ieficieri, ir ra corrp. C'er-Fecrse and riso-marraged, Such corporI foris Hig boet st bereder of the Trea.sLIry",
While these Franifest deficiercies have beer Powerful arguriterits for systerial ic refore, the ex ferra pressure for “privati
tīri" Ēee profed e5 г/re logic of есопоншісі еfficiency thா by ideorgi and polical
In the Farne fra fiorality, The *mixed économies" of Third PAFWard Carr rieš sa "All Eye - Fir:5ť World "welfare states' like Bri. fairy are Ereig Sbjectel so Feriforced re-structuring if order ta restarë thë priva të sectar to is role f lig hாge-rger, п farллоге патшгаІ алd accomштоdating தாrrier gf internator ரோ, the rாr ரோrations. Local privare eterprise and international big business are First lies".
The first sacred cop' of the 1956 “revolutiол”, bus fгал(porг, а тіиda/a/ї глолороӀу, и"as also The first i fo ger the chop. Na சோr r, r l
PKPar a bloody. Přes Mírzister irhיוfirט ddeזוז ;iedhaזוMolirim his privare vars Trīd "First7Ye Wars” arrd rs 'regioral boards' (socalled de-centralisation);
A national daily orce exposed the scandal of a "top cop' who rarı his' dır fleet af yarıs in the city, While ir varios to Wis, fany VIPS had a share sin the fransFor SFSE.
Dow the line carrie harking, postal fire telecorpikinfrariofts Fervices (a Fiore fill-fledged exercise is the staffect of a top-level Carl Friffee s'Étudy) l'ubacca, sugar, rrik etc. etc. Everli gördüycarianrı, ali Pre-frī dependerzice area of a chiever77 err, Was a field for er croa
Business, sorterhi story for State E arrier drierf fɔ ti Μίας Ρμ5ίει ιμίτι hastily, Eti with
arri, 57 e f7ff; Special Presider ஒf Try AE.
WAR B,
Ar Egger" ff. TV ". Іл Sгі Гітлkaлі ї. strong fепdency
og Third Vor ecole FFFF aised feature: il the tiger ge
I'r de o'r Feirir ferice vore is 10. If yo (dd the 2 fa "Mfarip'er M4. fece spedirg
ђїIIfол.
Corripare rhai (4.5) алd Health services 2.2 bili ரா is a ger 3 eceed fie irld votes of local சிறsig, he hi тrministration, f frids IFG IF f ministry ofagricul and The rtsnistry fЕНСоллішлістffол. Miris ir 22.f fire Fr) as Fych i
ரீர ராதி de
(Сопtiпшеd
LANFL
GUAR
Wol. 9 No. 14 Noli
Prio R.
FuHigher för
Lanka Guardian P
No. 246 UT
COLOMB
Editor: Mervyn
Tephono:
сНлтелі. Алd тариy, the Insurance

og af et stuccess Firerprise, The # T##FTHCe_{{"# or]]]''' (I lfrÉle le 55 τιέ, ήτη Ε' επτήμςgrīdriff f7 TE for Cerri'r fri:55fori:57
UDGET
.eצחון r tpם - נוי War Budget' but Error SF, c'era fry" a חhtTr - fיוו הJ) וHיון סן 'Y Corri'r fel y Ffyr lei, irls!iffitiZe heefty" slice of"
fa "deferice".
Liget, file de7 ћi//iот гидеes. 70 in giver obilisarior", derapproaches II
hyfri. Er i'r fawr! (2.9) a rial Social ort. The arry ... hillion which vidual rrr inistry overnment and try g publ
Hirர து levelopinier, the fire research of" pro,5 t,5 (Irrd COf The Fira rice billiari (the for 75 IG.2 Billiai Jr.
RD LETTERS
TEMPLE ENTRY
With regard to D.R.M. Walton's reply, (Nov. 1) the Hindu Koyi built and maintained by Jaffna. We || alia, Castell, 15 o Lut of bounds to harjāns. Never theless I never held a critical approach to such a State of Affairs as | sincerely consider them as personal property. Still the fact remains that by Contrast once constructed a Buddhist Temple is for everybody.
Being "caucasian' is definitely not a disadvantage while dealing With ocals in fact It 15 advantageous, presumably an inheritance of a colonial past which
both Hindus and Buddhists share equally,
Even the locals are been
subjected to a levy while Wisi ting Dambulla Rock Temple if you ask for illumination, as electricity costs money.
It is not a logical explanation that anybody needs in our country in order to silence somebody else. A 'shelling's administered even in broken English is enough. That 5 ett les the matter.
Ranjith Wickramas Luriya
քո բdge 7) Kändara
DAN C O N T E M TS
'ember 15, 1986 News Background
Foreign News , II) El 5 i WE
tnightly by Jaffna's War-time Economy – III 7ן Lublishing Co. Ltd correspondence O
on Place, Bangalore Summit 고F
O - i.
Printed by Ananda Press, do. Siya B25, Wolfendhal Street, Colomba 3.
7 도 Telephane: 35975

Page 4
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Page 5
GANDH
CAN
. . . Delhi's sign
Mervyn de Siwa
elhi and Madras work in D:e: Ways their miracles to perform. Various versions of what really happened on Nov. 8 in Madras are being put out by the news agencies, by Indian papers and Indian correspondents. (See Wenkatnarayan on Delhi's Denia'). The 'smoking gun' was in the hands of the Madras police. Who gave the order 2 What degree of coordination was there 2 Sri Lankan obser wers shoLI |d not cha5e harc5. They must stick to the fact of "Operation Crackdown", aחddraw their lessons from the objective consequences of the police action. What does it signify 2 What is the message 2 And to whom ?
The name of the game is 'delivery capability'. Top-rung personalities of the U.N.P., most Sri Lankans and many a foreign observer of the Sri Lankan cofict had comic to believe that Mr. Rajiv Gandhi's capacity to crack Win on the Madra 5-based TaTi il militants had steadily diminished. They all lamented 黑。 fact that Tamilmadu Chief Minister, Mr. M. G. Ramachadran had become so
powerful a political patron of the militants, especially the LTTE, that from the time Velupilla
Prabhakaran the Tigers' leader had hid in his private residence when the police were looking for him, LSLSS HaL LS LLLLLLLLS HH LaLLLLL LLLLLL strong a protective shield for Mr. Gandhi to ignore.
That growing suspicion which had slowly turned into a firm conviction appeared to find final confirmation when on Nov. 3, the deadline Mr. Gandhi had fixed for responses in Writing from the militant groups to the Sri Lankan offer of provincial autonomy, all
five guerrilla orgar ed to reject out 5 a 15. Which Mr. Gan described as " "fai what was the point of dealing with "honest broker", apart, he lacket clout to deal Wit rebels who were a snook at the of India on his so
The Indian gow Colombo's basic ewer the negotia it must be Ww It Constitution à| fr its is unitary ch
It is this meeti that fundamental is th:25, Sri Larkan and keeps the m on track.
As for the act 器 of the
III LI G25ti) 鹅 顯 :: provincial Council devolution and (.. demarcation of th diction, the unit
BOTTOM LINE
Nearly three tough and tortu Hawa Teweased it would be happ) "autonomy offer" close as possible Co5titutiona | mc in the quasi-fed that country. E top line' Mr. G cer en he that India c. COOTEOO EO CO

DELVER
a to
isations appear-סקסrק dחf haם dhi had so of ten rly good'. So, II, asked sceptics, Mr. Gandhi, the when honesty the political Hi the Sri Lanka
openly cocking Prie Milster own country's
ernment accept5 bosition - whatted settlement, հIn the Island’s amework, that
t".
ng of minds on sue which streng
self-confidence editation effort
a character and settlement, the s are (a) powers to the proposed s, the degree of b) the territorial ne concils jurisof devolution.
long years of nus negotiatlon 5 HE WH || r" | 5 || G.
which comes as to the Indian del, the Stättes eral system of
ut that is the indi made that stated publicly Huld not Urge Cede n Ore than
Colombo
what in fact has been granted
to the states in the Indian Union.
If that is the top line, the
bottom line has been an autonomy offer which is sufficiently substantial that tha Indian go Wernment can persuade and or pressure the Tamil leadership, moderate and militant, to accept. In short, om ce the Sri Lankan offer Teached the dan botto Ti line, DHI Would de Year.
Mr. Gandhi's comment that the new package after the TULF talks in Colombo in August was fairly good' as a basis for negotiations suggested that in his view, Sri Lanka was gradually approaching that bottom Imea.
In Colombo, however, there was an attitudinal Sea-change, Top-rung UNP'ers began to argue that the party was needlessly exposing itself to attack by the newly formed M.D. N. by making an offer which Mrs. B. and the maha Sanghas Say is a "'far too much' and Mr. Gandhi accepts as "fairly good' but cannot obviously persuade the Tamil leaders, who keep Saying it is 'too little', to fall. In line.
Mr. Gandhi, W5 5. EETI l5 l was either unwilling or unable to de liver. The 'un Willing' and "the unable" in fact represent two broad schools of opinion in Sri Lanka whose membership includes important segments of the Sinhala intelligentsia right up to key figures in the UNP heir archy.
in other words
"modiator" who
Mr. Gandhi had a ready-made геasоп (some cyпісs say "toо" ready-made) the killing of a
BACKGROUND
| .

Page 6
Tamilnadu social worker, to take a course of action which was a striking demonstration of the capabilities of the Indian delivery system. It was more than striking, it was ideal. The demonstration Was not merely of his own ability to assert his authority but of the in-built rasilience of the Indian federal system. Thus, Mr. M.G. Ramachandran's wist in Delhi, and the use of the Tamilnadu police rather than the heavier para-military forces, like the C. R. P. F., the Reserve police who take orders only from the Cente.
Now that the Madras police
have pulled || leaders, includit ful of them, Pr med over a th seized an impres included SAM a stern Warning
Bl CLị"|[[E 5" CD1
novi Dēli tur del Every-capabili kan government than "fairly go PTOWe on the (See Express E
CAN COLOM
Can the Sri 5tem me at thiը
芷 ргоролаїд Ду differences were clear from Pro l'idead Fērpa rare corris White the ripi ioirants bitarted Efirilir. Secordy,
fra for of Tarrils ir area7s 147
fo decide for this raffer. exter of autonomy proposal
They Pie Hved Pith வீரச logislate ep'en in respect of
The III spector-Generali
2 Plazrat for yorkers.
Ταινία Ηλία ήττα τηΙαία
The FFFFFFFFFFF;"
(SARC). Nevertheless, Mr.
Setback in Sri Lank
rejection of the Sri
Lanks! Goserif;
Tamil Mial group t Hardy ,
The very beginning.
for Port herri armad astre, the two to be contine the proposals vested with the Ce) Per The right to dispore gy" Goverriтiлеп
rigation and it deer PrggrtIיותig. Goverinent's record of forced Fe fler Ferry fa
la riad fa Give
here they were in the militars had demanded that Prayir ces Ehe gi
They were also
илhapp]
[0 il be giver : To F F1Qг олly pагlfллелг"
5 zubjects 'sction birt the Povers of the Centre Inder de R Goncurren lists including contri, 7 F för
of Police and the Nation Piojo" Hor could they accept the Presider's fire, gency powers artrid the silence in the Parropa FTVS I
The for point he h: Thirripu las I year included provision of citizenship
rேi Lanka hr Arg
иvir/in pгорї
rejection demolishes the Purple orri; Jor a decisive breakthrough toward, SË I Vërriërr : V. R. Jaye Haardere's prisiyo ni Treffe' fie
still of the Sorth Asian Association
of reΕία παι
Riv Gridio di
Te the OPPorfirity to perstade the TS YLiFIMI F. grant Wider powers to the provincial concils arid Cεπί Γες ονετία PPiπg IΙIa. O'er Frīdrig jurisdic for over
FFFFFF.
help in achieving a settlerient
red Sri Lrk. af EFFT ffyre fag
Without such a step India will not to i
1情芷 To be acceptable to "Eela?" Pris teistria and
the fra frie e
ld E.

1 the top rebel ng the most powerabhakaran, di SarmOusand "fighters" isive armoury that TISS Illes, and issued about "terroristic Indian soil, it is 1 totest CCCC" ity. The Sri Lanmust do better od". It must Im: Present offer. ditorial).
BODELI WER ?
Länkar ! challenge. The
er f'5 peace Frising. The The Proporals היTHEEיוטHy Pr" * into a single Irra Gorterrifirse " Sri Larki | fie carice iΙ ήταίαriίν, "b"eYF fhg" righir | Pft fie 'ê ProVirg
Por Ci Fir. eserved al er . . . ரே Pre Corr. Fig Cre. hε γιατίτε FA Prade : rights fo al
Fe harboxred rig fr forthcoming CILJEJErafia
He to refle f fa Fe 5frifio'r frig μΓαμίνιαίτι Fe able for Work of a larg, rg fire.
press" (5/11)
constraints are obvious, political (the 'Movement for the Defence of the Motherland') and economic,
(See ITU's stir) and the effect of both on the UNP, especially its backbenches. (L. G. Nov. 1).
The Madras crackdown achieved Thore. This dramatic cxhibition that the Centre's writ runs to Madras was an answer to those who questioned Gandhi's political authority. Also is doubt, not merely in Sri Lanka but in the region is Indian credibility on "terrorisril"". Sri 醬 supported by Bangladesh and Nepal, and encouraged by Pakistan, has been canvassing actively to make "terrorism" (and cross-border terrorism) an important item con the agenda of the SAARC summit opening this Weekend in the Indian city of Bangalore.
(Солтіпшесі ол page 5)
Vajpayee hits at Lankan Govt.
Former Indian Foreign Minister and current leader of the BJP, Mr. Atal Behari Vajpayee has expressed his solidarity with the Tamil struggle and cal léid upon the Sri Lankan Government to ensure that innocent civilians were not subject to atrocities pending negotiations. This was reported in "The Hindu' on Friday.
Mr. Vajpayee was addressing Volunteers from the "Friends Eelam" under taking a month long relay fast in Delhi to protest aga inst alleged violations of human Tights in Sri Lanka.
Mr. Vajpayee had said that the situation in Sri Lanka was getting worse and least the Sri Lankan Government could do was protect its citizens. He had added that he still did not see any meeting ground for a peaceful solution to the problem, but hoped that the forthcoming meeting between President Jayewardene and Prime Minister Gandhi would yield positive results.

Page 7
DELHIS DENIAL
S. Venkat Narayan
NEW DELHI, November 9
Sewe tal dozer Sri Lanka Tari terrorist leaders have been put under house arrest in Madras. They include Welupillai Prabhakaran and A. Balasingham of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and W. Balakumar of the Eelam Revolutionary Organisation (EROS) among others.
This was disclosed here today by an official spokesman of the government of India. However, he was unable to give the number of terrorists kept under house arrest by the Tamil Nadu government. He could also not give any details regarding the quantity of Weapons seized from the one thousand terrorists during a predawn swoop on their hide-outs throughout the state on Saturday.
Gandhi. . .
(Continued from page 4)
When the Madras Police warned the militants against engaging in terroristic activities' they were also reminded that acts of violence on Indian soll Is a gross violation of the privileges they enjoy as 'refugees'.
While India accuses Pakistan of training Sikh extremists and infiltrating them into Punjab (the charge was more stridently made after the assasination attemption Premier Gandhi) other SAARC members, notably Sri Lanka hurl the charge in Delhi's direction. After last Week's Madras police action, India must hope that "terrorism' will not be such an irritant, after all, at the Bangalore summit and that there won't be any ugly anti-Sri Lanka demonstration by Eelamists in Bangalore.
Journalists well to the spokesm holiday for this spokesman soug impression that t TEt had a han 藻"赠 He
elhi ha no about thic terro
The spokesmar been advised by |goverпппепt tha taken in the figh affecting the law ation in the sta suggestions that made by the st: the instance of ITEnt.
Law and ord subject, he exp 10 question of
ISRAEL
He major Benny Mc
Israeli-Sri Lan a major step f With the start tion in Ehe gia agricultural dew for which son international allocated.
A sign of the With Sri Lanka, a 10. Wedi Israel, it Section il Cole eting between Shamit and Sri L ter Hamid II month, when SË opening of the sembly session. kept secret Lur asked Shafnir f: about the Midd
An Israeli agri expert left a fa Lanka - and a col due to fly out in

a specially called a's office on a purpose. The t to dispel the e Indian Gowerin the arrests ared that New prior knowledge
st detention.
5aid: "We hawg the Tamil Nadu the action Was I of developments and order situte. He refuted the arrests were ite government at the union govern
er being a state ained, there Was the state govern
ment hawling to soek or obtain prior concurrence of the union government,
The spokesman also emphasized that the detentions have nothing to do with the good offices of the government of India to find a peaceful solution to the ethnic issue in the island.
According to him, the action of the Tamil Nadu government has nothing to do with the security measures being taken in view of the forthcoming second summit of
the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), due to begin in Bangalore on Tuesday. Sri Lankan President
J. R. Jayewardene is among the dignita ries from the sewen member nations who will be arriving in the Karnataka capital on November 15.
LANKA RELATIONS
step orris
kan relations Look orward this month if Israeli participant Mahawe RWer elopment project, 1e S4 billion in Lunds have been
improved relations which last year o open an interest mbo, was the meForeign Minister anka Foreign MinisNew York last hair attended the UN Genera || A5At the meeting, w Hamidםח ה|[tו r 'explanations' a East situation.
ultural settlement rtnight ago for Sri mmercial expert is ext week to study
What 15 tae can contribute to the project. Israeli economic officials expect that Israeli companies could participate in the major housing and infrastructure Work, which aims to Te5ettle some 200,000 Sri Lankas In the Mahaweli River Valley after dams hawe been constructed and the land readiod for cultivation.
Further Israeli experts are expected to travel to Sri Lanka in the near future.
Israel hopes that the project will generate major Sri Lankan import of Israeli goods, and that the multilayered economic cooperation that Will develop will lead to the restoration of full diplomatic relations between the two countries within a year or tWo.
Sri Lanka's minister of development is due to Wisit Israel in January
(JERUSALEM POST) (1910)
5
ܩ .

Page 8
T. U.’s stir : pickets fo
The organisation of 2 trade unions unanimously decided to stage a picketing campaign on NCvember II, during the lunch interval, demanding a wage increase of 50 per cent.
At a press conference held at the Motors Islamic Cultura|| Home convenor and General Secretary of Ceylon Federation of Trade Unions, L. W. Panditha Said that among the other demands are a minimum wage of Rs. 1000 Rs. five for every Point in the cost of living Index, the reinstatement of the July 1980 strikers and against Pri Wat5ation.
Mr. Panditha said that members of the organisation in all the
major cities like Kurunegala, Ratn: Colombo will pig workplaces during demanding what
Citing the 95. index he said if it was equal to present index c therefore be equi At present 60 population is liv poverty line.
He further said of וחt aוper cer 340 Per Cent a 5 COT W. H. 5. bread, too, had
Negotiations: Don't S
- Committee for Rational Development
Iпce its Inceptioп, the CсплmitSE for Rational Development has been urging the government to find a politicai solution to our current ethnic conflict. We hawa always argued that a political solution which has the support of the Indian Government and the International community, and which is acceptable to a vast majority of people in the North and the East is the only viable and realistic solution to our intractable ethnic conflict.
Therefore, though We have been strongly critical of the government in the last few years, we have supported the initiative of the present government to set in motion a process of peace negotiations on the basis of realistic package which could form a starting point to negotiation and com PrOmise. It is our belief that any government whether UNP or SLFP, right or left, socialist or capitalist wil hawe to resolwe the "ethnic crisis through a devolution of power to the Tamil Perl Phery. The relevant questions therefore are not whether devolution, but when and at what cost? Opposition
6
groups which r process will only problem if and to power. The ment is reached, for all political o Lur national Poli
| ali article E tiited Sea EE || 13 the Ewer' which Island of 5th CRD argued tha age of devolutio and sincere atti Etiori5 = Wai II receiw the Indian Gower Nadu Governmer Tamils living In the East a community. Dur Weeks. We see process of engag cussion is gradu: putting enor mot those who wish EO PUITSLI e a T1 We only hope With the slow Process of negot lead to anticipato military thrusts the Sri Lanka (

NEWS BACKGROUND
r 50% wage hike
Galle, Matara, puга, Капdy and ket outside their | the lunch break, was reasonable.
2 cost of living it was 100 points
R5. 2.02. The if 3 || 3.9 should | tt | R || 221B. per cent of the ing below the
that the prices 7 has increased di Sugar by I007 pared to prices id the price of increased by 406
per cent as compared to the Price in 1977.
Nearly five million people em ployed in all types of work Were facing difficulties. The government is trying to suppress the trade unions from agitating for wage increases etc by citing the ongoing fight against the militants and that it was not the op Portune
Ing for dem md5.
In July 1980 when there was a demand for wage increases there was no War against militants. The government should hawe considered such demands then. Of the July 1980 strikers 6000 are sti|| || Eo be re Instated
Island
top Now
esist the peace inherit a greater When they come GaleF 5. Settl|- the Eetter result sections within Ey' . пtitled "A NegoE 5 Morte Wital appeared in the April 1984, the a realistic packп апсd a genшіпе IT PE at negotiae the backing of ment, the Tamil it a majority of the North and hic Internatiora | ing the last few that this very բment and distlly takIпg place, I5 P re55Աre on single-mindedly ilitary solution. that frustration nature of the lation will not ry, short-sighted, on the part of Gow errent. The
pursuit of military options as every political juncture by the Sri Lankan Government only serwet to destroy credibility and to Iso
late Sri Lanka both regionally and internationally. Given the natura of the Cousciousne 55 of
the Tamil people of the North and East, devolution cannot be imposed, it has to be accepted. Any imposed solution wi II lead us back within a short period to a cycle of violence and destruction. The government must therefore be committed not only to a package of devolution but devolution which has the open or tacit Consent of those living in the North and the East.
As for the Tamil militant groups, the time surely has come for them to accept the Processes of peace. Nilo nationality is really Strong enough to fight and win a war when it is regionally and internationally isolated. No cause justifies the sacrifice of thousands of g|W|| Ians Who WI || bear the brunt of an all out military enfrontato | the North and
(Continued on page 24)

Page 9
Musim Protest Trium
A.M. M.
he national media's scant attention has denied the reading public information on an issue of great emotional concern to the Muslim community in Sri Lanka. Since the Muslims constitute the second largest minority in the island, and a part of a very much larger and highly influential international community, with which Sri Lanka has i Ti portant diplomatic and economic ties, this sensitive question was sufficiently significant to deser we much more Prominence Iп the press, поt to пnention study är informed col Terit. Amid at a time when the country is so oppressively burdened by an "ethnic conflict' involving the biggest minority, ordinary self interest, if nothing else, should hawe Prompted a closer look at the uproar caused in educated Muslim circles by the appointment of a Committee of Experts by Justice Minister Nissanka Wijeyeratne to examine and '''report on Persona || Laws which require change or complete aboliה""חסןם
"An avalanche of protests' said AL-ISLAM, a monthly journal (English-cum-Tamil) was provoked by the appointment of this committee which included several non-Muslims entrusted with the job of investigating into Personal Laws, including Muslim Personal Law which is founded on the Holy Koran. The area of inquiry covers marriage, inheritance, adoption etc. AL-ISLAM reported:
Musills froT allower the island belonging to a II sections of the community — from lawyers and theologians to businessmen and engineers to students - have expressed strong opposition to the move. All the major Muslim organisations too hawe condemned the attempt to sit in judgement over Islamic law, which every Muslimi believes is of di Wine origin, and about which the Creator Hirnself has warned human beings have no choice but to obey.
The Council of Theologians (Jammate-Ulema) has called on the Government to scrap the Committee while requesting Muslims named to the Committee to withdraw.
The Federatio of Muslim You (FAMYS) has Pr dent J. R. Jay the "appointme mittee Comprisin non-beliewers sal to sit Muslim Law" President and
growe from t Committee any Muslim La W. TI concludes by sta reaffirm the faith of Sri Lanka hai cellency's Gove interfere in the a minority comm In the light of country is underg the Tari quest
Another MLS fortnightly DAW ported a meetir presentati Wes he Centre, Malliga W:
At such a cruc thli . |5|amic Cen Minister Alhaj (chairing) assure
Trends.
(Continued f
Sri LIR is FWJ FWK CILJEFFEF". fau'r 5 - 14'r fae'r hylif, s Filipi f) { Brisers' SIFICE or, hese Priori grettable, may bi LHLos Air Lafik Hoth FirIIrleg M frd the Forla Hopper? Daily (0)II)Ifir!!!! racy firri had a rrieris so give I Prise" (Irior Hérir S “Air LI TA' FT ו"frם יווity Heל, מf 7ferf, 80. Y prif, η ιiε 7986 ήταξε His released fri
PUBLI
SECU Il tea di ard-Order" regi

phs
n of Assemblies th of Sri Lanka otested to Presiawardena agal inst -וחcG צחt Gf aח. g predominatly of the religion of judgement over ld has urged the סt tחטוח חיו בןwםe Gן he scope of the examination of the ha protest letter ting: "This would that to Muslims we that your Exment wi|| mot personal law of unity, Particularly the problems the going a rising from
ol. II m journal, the WN (English) reng of Muslim reId at the Islamit atte. El sald:
|al meeting held at tre, MaligaWatte,
M. H. Milled - the represent
NEws BACKGROUND
ative gathering of Muslim lawyers, theologians, educationists etc., that the government would in no Way interfere with the Divine Law as practised in this country by its adherents throughout the century.
Giving went to his feelings, tho ႔မ်ိဳးများ lawyer M.Y. M. Faz declared: The Muslims Law applicable in this country cannot be changed or amended to suit or satisfy the whims and Crawlings of any individuals. We cannot permit interested partles to ent gage in mere academic xcise intellectual adventurism that would hamper any aspect of the Musim Law 5."
At the end of a long and purposeful discussion this meeting appointed a sub-committee to meet the Minister of Justice with a view to explaining the inherent danger of his Committee dabbling or linkering with the teachings of Al-Quran and Al-Haids. Alhaj M. M. Abdul Cader (Director, Islamic Centre), M. M. Zuhair, Al-Alim A. R. M. Zerruque, Moulawi A. J. M. Riya and M. Y. M. Faiz were appointed to this committee,
Tüm pញge )
one of 30 Third – the bigges debo Freeff Melců a fé LEDE
EFE E 7 ITF ries, creyer reFight, மே 31 a, the Hughear of firi i stër de Mel
Balk:" Dafa News reported Arferio'r fri d'Or 15 Ildivised the goyerriMIF "5 fick efferjection of capital. Čeleď .2 lidi Trafar frid eripfor red Ho, 77 I WOOrriiiři.
Septer her.
U AND JIRITW
y, ரg "IVrries or regime;
introducing tough new measures shared a corriori argument. Their for carrie rider the Prosective rubric of 'public security".
In rhese rfries of raffortal security", the трге ү0gше тетті, it is the pLublic r har rake,5 Iaz y— and-order in its own hards drid, rightly or wrongly, defends law ா jurice against the Tw Efrcerrierf ger Čies.
I fre vi e i frk ar a city police Statior ver resider 7,7 a rad passers-Ey Pearl a Trian iri custody streairiling 'M. I. ..r.F..,冒芭r °止
Tre rio squad had to be sur Yiпполей! ћу г/ie Rлгларига police yet a crowd of 2000 stirror ided fie strial rld dellailled the relea75 e 3f 3 per Forl75 faker irra custody over sole displite gif gerras. The SUN (3.III), in the Farre issue, reparted frater ircirder! at NiKawératiya wher Frsders closed ships in protest, after a shop-keeper had beer assailed by some service persoллеї.

Page 10
"No political prisoners
"There are no political prisoners in Sri Lanka' protested the National Security Minister when the MP for Maharagama raised for the ump teenth time the question of known political activists detained without trial for long periods. They have all committed offences, he said, and the delay was largely caused by the slow-moving judicial process.
Mr. Dinesh Gunewardena (MEP - Maharagama) said there were several persons who had been arrested on suspicion but kept in custody for a long time without being brought before the courts of law. He also alleged that such "political prisoners' were asked to sign a statement promising that they would not take part in politics a 5 a condition of release. It would be better for those persons to be Produced in a court without asking them to sign such statements.
Mr. Day Gul Kalawana) ask Security Minister 5 ing Miss. Puls: was Шпаar dete. in Westigation. We
He said Miss 1555 Lält |BDLIF. the Kelariya un the first educat to be taken i alleged subversi was bei Flg held fourth floor of the have been told not be released down and confe.
He was Talk the Minister or parents as Mis undergone an ol and was no E IT LE
Mr. Laillith, Arthu Ing said Miss Li arrested or rela :
Police should refrain f
torturing people - DIG
Sri Lanka is a democratic Country, governed by a constitution, under which the peoples, freedom from torture has been rotected. The Police do not ave any rights to torture people. Police officers and men should rea ||5e that wital fact and refrain from torturing people, said Mr. J.D. Mithra Ariyasinghe D1G Personnel and Training course at the Kandy Police Training School at Asgiriya. Mr. Ariyasinghe was associated With Me555. Gamimi GL na Wardhane DIG Centra Range, Bodhi Liyanage Senior SP Kandy, Stanley Ranasinghe SP, Attanayake ASP Abeysinghe C| and Inspector A. K. D.Karunadasa OIC, Training school, at the inaugural ceremony.
Mr. Ariyasinghe said that no one had any rights to deny the people their legitimate and constitutionally protected freedom from
torture. In Cä52
wlՃlated, even Է aggrieved membe had the right t Court of law ag officers. There at II to to TELTE
During the Police Service ha to ser were publi the Press had b. of the Police. N Oh the Poice la at high level con therefore rece55ă thing possible to Popular they cou of their shortcom only when they by the media. Should realise m the need to Police—Public rei the confidence to

here
nasekera (CP - ed Ehe Nationa
to consider releari Liyanage who 1 ti) 12:15, 5 OC, 15 re completed.
Liyanage was an in classics at iversity and was Ed Sinhala woman into custody for C) a CE, i Willtie5. She in custody on the CID and relation5
that she would
until she broke Sad.
g an appeal to behalf of the 5 Liyanage had
peration recently he best of health.
lath mudali, replyya nage had been ionable suspicion.
TOT
that freedom was y the Police, an ars of the public o go before a inst 5 luth Pole was no necessity : the people.
recent past the is been subjected criticism and een very Critical arious opinions been expressed ferences. It Was ry to do every
lake the Po ld Cole to know ngs and mistakes
Wete Titie What the Police st urgently was build a better ations and win f the public.
HUMAN RIGHTS
- Lalith
WHan af arrest Was flade om suspicion, there need not be a Prima facie case against the person arrested. This person was taken into custody on November and held in the Slawe Island Police station. Investigations were made by the CID and such investigations often took a long time. Since this person was a lecturer and she may not disappear if released
LK S LLLLLLaLa SLLLLLLSLa S S aLLLK S HHHHLLLL to afford her whatever reef was possible.
Regarding the question raised by the Member for Maharagama, he said he hoped the Member would not use that term "political prisoner" to all terrorists arrested because then they would be all
Called incorrectly political prE CITETIG.
He said when they receive
information about terrorist activity, they had to act fairly quickly.
(Continued on page 24)
Amnesty for U. N.
inspection
Armnesty InternatIonal has sug
gested that a U. N. Working
group visits Sri Lanka to examine 272 cases of disappearance which It had listed in a special report in September. The government's reaction was to Witte A. | to file action in S. L. courts. AIInesty has now sent another letter to the government adding 30 more names to the 'disappearance" list. Its 6 page letter to National Security Security Minister La Ith Athuathudali Termains Lunas wered, A. l. said.
Reminding the government of
its obligations as a U.N. membet, the A.I. which earlier accused it of "torture' in another
report, urged Sri Lanka to allow a U. N. Working Group to visit the country and study the situatiom foro i t5elf. ... | Hro Igitter L. Mr Athulathmudali, A. I. Says that such a Wisit "could substantial a leviate the sorrow and ချိုမျိုး{ of the families who ti || now, hawe Searched im Waim for their
Teātīves...".

Page 11
Reagan : Rambc to lame duck
66
ote for me, Ronald Reagan'. That was the plainest of messages from the straight-fromthe-shoulder American President to the US clectorate just before the mid-term poll. Implied was an appeal to forget candidate and party and place their trust in the President. At issue was control of the all-powerful US Senate, Wharta the Rupublicans had a safe majority, a contrast from a House do minated by the Democrats.
ignoring domestic issues (mainly economic which hardly contribute to Republican popularity, Mr. Reagan, just back from the Iceland Summit, played the S.D. . 'ace's He had stood up to the Russians and refused to retreat on S. D. l. At the back of this slogan was the self-same jingoistic battlecry (America No. 1, "Allerica Standing Tall") which, as the first part of this commentary pointed out, carried Mr. Ronald Reagan, tha former Gowernor of California,
ar 51a || |—ti The H to the White Ho in 1984 another f
At first, Mr. R. Calculatong See me ABC-Wa Street showed 60% for at lceland ("ng Col deal") 31% of a undecided. Ewen a : like James Restic Times wrote: "By trends of the pas cans should iOS 2 Senate but the gul ington) is that will pull through was wrong. The 55 out of CO 5 Republicans Who was reduced to : now wears the t Duck.'" President
Whe entinent tists and defence to question the te
Gorbachev takes the hi
Patrick Cockburn (Financial Times)
MR, MIKHAIL GORBACHEW, the Soviet leader, flew from Reykjavik to Moscow yesterday disappointed at the outcome of the Iceland talks, but having won
clear political advantages over President Reagan.
He is un likely to face much
dissension or criticis1 from Soviet leaders who stayed at home. He can say that the Soviet Union has done everything possible to achieve an agreement on the reduction of nuclear arsenals - indeed by early Sunday morning had largely done so -- but was frustrated by President Reagan's insistence on developing and testing the "Star Wars' Strategic Defence initiative 蠶 Mr. Gorbachey therefore holds the political high ground at home and abroad, but this will not be seen in Moscow as sufficient Compen
sation for tha fa jawik.
The Sowet wanted to find C of the day, a
Administration lil dent Reagan would agreements with a II the negotiation gan came into of answer to this retailed unclear days meeting in li may now feel Else".
Mr. Gorbacheự at his Press confer after leaving Pres sid e Was not Wars because he US could newer C anti ball Istit mis;

ollywood actor, use and to Win our year term.
eagan's electoral
d sound. The Journal pol|| Reagan's stand cessions", "no
gainst, and 9% watern columnist in of the NYK all the political t, the Republicontrol of the Bess here (Washithe president 1'. The pundit Democrats hawe its whereas the Hıad 53 Earlier 45. Mr. Reagan itle of "Lame more securely.
Americal Scienexperts continue thnical feasibility
of the SDI program as well as its capacity to fulfil the purposes of a program so lavishly promoted by Mr. Reagan and Big Business. S. D.I. may not be abandoned but the US Congress will be more vigilant over the enormous sums of money Mr. Reagan is demanding to finance 'Star Wars".
Despite Mr. Reagan's personal popularity, a combination of domestic factors (economic and electoral) and the doubts cast on the program by America's scientific community and the professional elite, together with a growing opinion in the US that the visions of total US military superiority must be replaced by a realistic 蠶 of world politics, the global balance of power, and the fundamental problems of War and Peace, have triumphed, for the moment at least, ower Reaganite "Ramboism", militarism, and the lobbying power of the militaryindustrial complex.
igh ground
ilure at Reyk
Jnion has long utif, at the end right-wing US ke that of Pre5imake long-term it. In spilte of 3 | Mr Ralfica n. 98 he question had up to the two alad Mosco W it knows the
spalt this out ence immediately Ident Reagan... He
worried by Star thought that the Teate a effettiwe sile - 5y5 tem t.0
defend America against Soviet vares " sai to the Presdent We are not Eoncer ned with the military threat of SDI," Mr GCrbächeự śāl d:
On the contary, leader stressed that "danger of SDI is political' because it creates "an a TOSphere of suspicion and distrust."
the Sowet
the triLe
Correction
U. S. West
There were two obvious mistakes in the article on "Reagan's Empire Strikes back'. On page 7, in line 4 and Line 53 Column 3, "EaGE" should hawe | read "West"

Page 12
Summit (3)
An opinion rc
(The following brief comments taken foreign press reflect expert" and non-expe of hopes placed on the Iceland summit :
instant assessments afterwards.
Paul W:
a top US arms control negotiator and m Comments in an interwieW With the Wes: journal Der Spiegal: David Broder is a lea tical columnist of the Washington Post WF Reston now retired was for nearly two de doyen of American newspaperimen. "A p| Coup' is a passage from an editorial of
of Mr.7 dia).
Real Understanding on Arms
It is quite possible that (the leaders) agTE로 C)|| 5CITE SG FL of cosmetic negotiations and some sort of cosmetic statement of success. But nothing really signifiCan't Can Come Out of thisu ness the two sides are ready to compromise both on offensive and defensive systems. (An agreement to reduce medium-range missiles in Europe) could, perhaps, be sold to the Europeans as a breakthrough. It doesn't particularly Impress me. . . It in no way reduces the risk of a
W.
Perhaps Gorbachew Can make the president understand that he simply cannot permit deep cuts (in his nuclear arsenal) because that would put the Americans in the position of being able to build their strategic defenses and thus regain strategic superiority. He instead might Propose something like this: the beginning of yearly reductions of the strategic arsenals, but 蠶 Insofar as the President is ready to satisfy himself for the next five years with research on SDI, and not testing.
- Paul C. Walke (Former U.S. arms negotiator)
No clear idea
As one with limited expertise in these matters, I would just say that arris control is an area where the supposedly strong pre
LO
Strategic atomic
sidency of Rona often been ex: pulling and ha for four years Mr. Reagan is is for effective a that he has no to get there o contro thgge "who are t חסEi Went any agree slow the pace
nuclear buildup.
The first-terr propositiоп 15 in SLrobe Talbot "Deadly Gambit term evidence paper clippings r infighting among State Departmer Security Council and tim ing of f tive and respor Cated 50'yi et ür maCy.
A Propag The Russians that the Reag
would not give that in effect tiable at Reykja truly astonishing On Strategic a range forces wi year 5EGբբage : research or 's have managed to

und-up
f0 til rt opinion and some dike Wa:S de the SG ;t German iding poliile James Ecades the гораganda the Tes
ld Reagan has most Sed to Wident Iuling. My belief
has been that In care II his desire rms controll, but clear idea how even how to i his administraetermined to prement which would of the American
evidence for this best summarized t's excellent book, is." The secondin dozens of newseporting continued the Pentagon, the it and the National | ower the terms Mr. Reagan's initia1ses to sophistims control diplo
- David S. Broder (Washington Post)
ganda Coup
knew all along an administration up SDI research, his was nonnego|wik. So by linking SOWICL CONC255ion; d intermediateth at least a 10of non-laboratory tar wars,' they focus world, and
FOREIGN NEWS
above all American, public opinion LLLLLL LLLL S SSLLLLaC S SS LHHLOLLL LLLLHHLLLL . חסןfash
- The Times of India (New Delhi).
Why no Consultation
What has surprised many observers in Washington was that the President did not listen to the new Soviet proposals and say they were so important that they required serious study and consultation with the aids and the leaders of Congress. Instead he insisted on a confrontation with Mr. Gorbachey on the '''star Wars'' issue, which produced the stalemate. This is regarded by many as bad diplomacy and blad politics.
Mr. Gorbachey and later the president himself were arguing about proposals that affected the security of many nations, not only in NATO but in Asia as well. Mr. Gorbachev could scarcely have objected if the president had insisted on time to think things ower and consult With other interested parties.
On the political front, with control of the Senate riding on next month's congressional elections, it would have been helpful to the Republicans if the President had Come home with Mr. Gorbachev's new proposals in his pocket and the SDI issue postponed. Instead he drew the SD line, gathered up his papers and walked
out in disagreement.
He was careful, however, to avoid any sharp break with the Soviet leader. His invitation to have another talk with Mr. Gorbachev still stands, he said.
The NATO allies, meeting with Secretary of State George Shultz In Brussels, hawe multed their criticis rtm. - But they are under pressure from public opinion for an arms deal and with elections coming up in Britain, West Germany and France they are li kely to be Lurg ing the president to amend his SDI program and try again for arms reduction before he ends his term.
- James Resto

Page 13
Reagan's
it was Chairman Mao who taught
Marxist meophytes how to ""correctly handle contradictions'. Always inimitable in Political style, Mr. Reagan has no problem at all in "resolving" contradictions. He is world's most moralistic preacher on "State-sponsored Terrorism'. The Principal sinners in his eyes are Libya, Syria, Iran, Cuba and a few others who corne and go from his Ramboite "hit list" according to his own personal fancy, and his äidistration's fluctuations.
But Mr. Reagan himself has got various branches of his government
Finger points
Seven days after a C-23 cargo
plane and its mainly American crew was shot down in the sweltering jungle of southern
Nicaragua, the full story of the bungled mission and the men behind it has yet to be revealed.
The Reagan Administration, which has encouraged private US citizens to support the guerrilla war against the leftist Sandanista Government in Nicaragua, denies any official involvement.
But that does not lessen the controvers y surroundling the Illfated flight and its lone survivor. the broad-shouldered ruddy-faced LLLLaLLLL S LLLLK S LLLHHLHH S LLLLLLLLS 35-year-old Mr. Engene Hasenfus.
Mr. Hasenfus, who was captured by Nicaraguan army officers last Monday, has named two alleged CIA employees who he said ran a rebel resupply network based in El Salvador.
Hasenfus's testimony before the press in Managua was almost certaInly made under du ress. I Bu t the names he revea le haya shed some light on the murky world of private contract airlines and independent pilots.
The key man named is Mr. Max -
Gomez, A. Cuban-American. He has been reported by several US newspapers as being linked Eo Mr. George Bush, the US Wice President
Contra-dictic
to mine the ports
and to ignore the World Cou the US 5 Eo
international law Battes wEh his extract money ! |ke Jos35 SWLT is conducting a
with not just t but in the com Africa army. O he did just th the "Contras" in rating from Hond
etc, With mor
to W
Mr. Bu5 dei
this ho was dire: nating any cove Central Ameri Cal. meeting Gomez sio 15 and descriti "to help the G Salvador put do revolution'". He talisingly, that "patriot".
Such State Ten win Mr. Bush,
Can Candidata f plenty of Sup Por
. . . . . . . NECOTATE WITH
FÁNDIsllýsÁg 2
- 『
ܩ
HEN Wo DSffo VLAée Is (22
SAWE IT...
 

DS
of other countries, the judgments of rt which say that atantly wicolating . He fights bitter
own Congress to
io pay for thugs lb | :: UNITA war in Angola
he active support pany of the South пly in September, at in the case of
Nicaragua, opeuras, El Salvador ey voted by the
FUF EIT T-T -
US Congress; 100 million dollars to be exact.
Are there US advisors, mercenaries, etc. helping the "contras“?
Of course not. There may be "private citizens'. Nothing is "offcial". But this thin dividing line was bound to prove illusory, sooner of later.
Thus, the Financial Times, London, gave the aptest of headlines to a report from its Washington corres
pondent, Lionel Barber: "The accident that was Waiting to Happen'. Excerpts:
hite House
ed this Weekend ting or co-ordгt operations iп But he admitted ori se wera l octabed his role as Gowermet of El wn a Marxist-led also added, tanGong, Was a
its Will doubtless a leading Repubrthe presidency, t from the right
Wing But It will on y fuel suspicion that he and others in the White House know a great deal more about the 'freelance' operations in Nicaragua than they are prepared to say.
This is why, in the past few days, attention has switched away from the CIA to the White House. Influentia Senators such als Mr David Durenberger, the Minnesota Republican who chairs the Senate Intelligence Committee, say they belewe the CIA'5 a dama mit demia 5
(Continued on page 2)
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1ዞይዞ we SEதுLAT
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* [WNNgL.
figève Niggangile Wis se SAMDINSTA6.

Page 14
STAR WARS AND PEACE
An Admiral's testimony
The Business
As you know, I have testified often
of "D.
A few months ago, Admiral Hyma known as "the father of the NL clear Naw the ripe old age of 80. He was the long officer in the history of the U.S. arn In 1982, Rickover testified before the U on US military spending - on how defer were planned and who really decided o money should be spent, the individual the priorities. The New York Review of its name suggests, is almost exclusively reviewing books hot off the press. exception of Admiral Rickover's testimony large extracts from the "Record". Thes are from the NYRB:
ence, have ready
before Congressional committees, includ- government officii ing yours, on Warious aspects of this not always famili problems. In some cases, Congress tieties of the is Implemented my recor mendations for them, all too reforms. Eventually, however, defense consulting their
contractor lobbyists have generally undermines the st
learned how to get around them or have them rescinded. Now patent lobbyists are pressing Congress to extend that giveaway practice to large contractors. This would generate more business for patent lawyers but in the process, will promote even greater concentration of economic power in the hands of the large corporations which already get the lion's share of the government's research and development budgets.
Many large corporations, because of their economic power and influ
not always protect the taxpaper. St. contractors know
Often the larg east subject to free enterprise di spoken advocates free-enterprise sy, wਇguਹrd ਧg They want the that they behave the free-enterpris fact they escape that system. Соп
And to be patient.
CONSCIENTO US OBJECTO
W Was a fir 77eg of Cows"/ War.
The Tongшes of f/arте сатe to the s It Was a tir 77eg to read and Write
For War Was not his business BLlt fo Sfio W fiha Case Of SickW7eSS.
- Patrick Ja

afence
In Rickower, y", died at Jest Serving led forces. S Congress Ce budgets how the Drojects and Books, as given to It hade a and printed e excerpts
access to high-level ls who, although ar With the SLBSL es presented to aften TÈ W Ft Ficut 5 Lubord frates. This bordinates drid does the interests of me large defense this dnd exploit it,
25È ELS ress the the restΓαίΠts of בקשט - stמחE the r" Of the Capitalist, terr) as ar effecinst these excesses. þLJEblic to be sewe In JCCŨrdd nice Witi : system, when in папу гestгаіпts of is tently they lobby
R
fösar.
asuriya
FOREGIN NEWIWS
against new government regulations. They herald the virtues of competition drid the marketplace as if they were small businessmen subject to these forces. Yet at the same time, they lobby for government - that is, texpayer-assistance in the form of tax loopholes, protected markets, subsidies, guaranteed loans, contract E7//outs, and so om,
Finger points . . .
(Continued from page II)
that it was not in Wolved in the
T11:55 iÖrl,
After all, the incident occurred just days before the CIA would
bāk ir Busine35 ir Centrā America with £I QOTNI in nie. W funding, expected to be released this week when Congress completes approval of the budget for fiscal year 1987.
To jeopardise this for the sake LL LaCHCL aLLLLLLLaLLL LLaLLLL LLLLL S LLLHHLLS tion and some jungle boots – tha supplies carried by the C-123looks at the very least ill-conceived.
That point is underlined by the un professional nature of the TE55Ion, Mr. Hasen fus was the only occupant wearing a parachute and numerous documents including flight logs, identification cards. business cards and personal papers, Were on board.
Mr Illas enflus himself, by cooperatIng so swiftly with his captors appeared less as professional underCover operator than a befuddled anti-hero.
In the light of the Administration's Support for such , private operations to help the Contras - before the organised aid comes through from Congress - the Hasenfuis debacle was an accident Waiting to happen.

Page 15
c.
astro speaks
War and Poverty : th
(An excerpt from speech at Harare Summit)
O World faces two hitherto unknown, deadly dilemmas: peace or complete self-destruction: a just international Economic Order or the most horrifying future for the immense majority of the peoples represented here, even were there to be peace.
Our peoples of the Third World are the conce who arca threatened by the worst of both dilemmas: we can be wiped off the face of the earthin a War for Which We are not responsible and in which We will not take part, and we can be crushed by hunger and poverty because of a world economic order that We did not create and that came into being and developed in spite of and against our will.
Мапy years ago, speaking at the UN, I said, “Let the philosophy of plunder cease and the philosophy of war will cease.'
That philosophy of plunder,
pillage and exploitation of other peoples was the basis for the conquest and colonization of last century, at the cost of the peoples of America, Africa and Asia. A handful of European powers raped, killed, massacred and uprooted tens of millons of people from their lands to enslave them. From our soil, those powers took all the gold and silver they could get their hands on: and from the sweat and toil of their slaves, they obtained tons of sugar, coffee, Cacoa, tea, cottom and other Droducts to be enjoyed by R colonial societies. This is how capitalism was born, oozing blood from a II its pores, and this is how imperialism and neocolonialism followed later.
There's no need to study this in any Marxist book because it's written in indelible mark on the flesh of all our peoples.
What is underdevelopment if not the end product of that historica|| Plunder ?
The two W. signified such ri humanity, arose Sophy of plunde tition and at terr tition of the Wi imperialist pow philosophy is be today unleashing buildup ewer II history.
The developed C. resign losing our natur: materials, market They cannot acci longer St סח חCa at ever higher pri increasingly lo We They refuse to matic Plunder of They cannot resi the existence of tion and distrib wEalth other th: obsolete and ro In short, they can 5e wes to the ex national indepen former colonies liberation mower
Thi5 is the mai enomous accumul: arsenals, strategi range bombers, g riers, battleships, deployment force military bases th This is the serson efforts to deplc space, so that on not even be able stars. Without t shrouded by the t surrounded by a of nuclear armis || cle beams and No country in t able to feel safe have no other obje ing man of his Earth. This is W. alists refuse to of the sea, drawn by the immense International Co

FOREIGN NEWS
he deadly dilemmas
rld Wars, that er 5 of blood fort from the philo, the old reparpted new reparrld among the ars. That same hind imperialism the greatest arms the annals of
capitalist power themselves to I resources, raw is and cheap labor pt the fact they ill their products Ces, While paying ir prices for ours. give up the systeCLII, economic5. gn themselves to forms of producution of social those or their itten Capitalism. not resign themstence of real dence in their and a people's Et.
in reason for the tion of nuclear : missiles, longiant aircraft carsubmarines, rapid and imperialist e World over. For tha freized y Weapons in e day man will to look at the e view being hought that he's deadly arsenal ser ray5, Partilsimilar devices. e World W II be Space weapons ctive than robbpossessions on |y the Imperibide by the law up and approved majority of the mmunity. They
want for themse was all the occans and all the minerals in the seabed within reach of their sophisticated technology.
No one should be surprised by my calling things by their name. Should the United States achieve the World military predominance it so desperately seeks, all those prosent here know that their oil, iron, copper, chromium, bauxite, rubber, lead, zinc and other natural resources and raw materials Would again be divided up among the big capitalist powers, to satisfy their insatiable consumer hunger, and we wouldn't have a single Weapon with which to defend OUTS e Wes.
This didn't happen at the time of the oil crisis, simply because of the existence of a new balance of forces since the birth of socialism and the ower || 0 0 countries that hawe freed themse IWes from the yoke of colonialism.
Cuba, a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement, is proud to be a socialist country.
The very essence of socialism is alien to War and to exploiting the sweat and toil of peoples and their natura resources. Soc|- alism has no need to invest abroad, to have military bases beyond its borders or divide up the world.
It does not need to produce Weapons in order to boost the economy and make monopolies
rich. It knows parfectly well that resources can and should be invested in factories, hospitals, schools, housing, recreational and cultural centers and other worthy projects. Arms spending is the heaviest burden imposed on socialism by imperialism. Our country, only a few miles from the United States, ls fully aware of this.
At this hour of decisive importance for all peoples, it is precisely imperialism and not socialism that refuses to put an end to nuclear
(Continued on page 2)

Page 16
円H鲁王国置
 

Gulded by natura's strange powers.hi
Wyndy
perfect craftsmanship, The Haya pavor tras Wokinawtha Wadu Kurulla builds his home with rhinor determination, limitle Els patianics Hard LITEWEErviru couraget. LLLLLL LLLL SLLMLL LCLLLL LHHLLuSAS LL LCLLLLLC LL LL CLLLLS Today in Sri Lanka itis bullding in. And Everyo na Las could ni W Year 1 realistically to Ichiro
tidal-arm of LiftyWout thụ Bullding METH Tĩnh. Cmrpgrglön få "With you all the Wray, EEfyrnig yčL to Tak I Yur dream home-antity.
uilding Materials Corporation
BrEnches thro Lugha Liit Sri Lanka

Page 17
GorbacheV Visit
India - a
high
Soviet Priority
Bhabani Sen Gupta
'gi 15 a great Power, growing into a World power. It continu og to be one of the steadfast friends of the Soviet Union. Tho Soviet Union has contributed to India's development into a great power. It will welcome India as a world power, and will contribute Whatever it can toward that desirable objective."
This is how a member of the central committee of the CPSU described the Soviet perception of India to me in Moscow last week. Many other Soviet men and Women, in the Soviet-Gothic
building of the external affairs ministry, in the secretariat of the central committee, and in
the plush or austere cabinets of three major social science research institutions echoed the same sentiment though not exactly in the Sanne Words.
"India is our friend, IndoSoviet relations are friendlyDruzhestvenniy. When Sino-Soviet relations are normalised, these Will be good neighbourly, Dabrasosedskiy,"* 醬 а 3 |— year-old brilliant scholar. Andre Walin, of the Institute of Oriental
Studies, who is not a member of the CPSU. In my ten days in the USSR, I realised that he was speaking for the entire Soviet people. There will not
be once again the brother-friend dichotomy of the late Even if party-to-party relations are restored between the USSR
Prof Sen Gupta, who is author of The Fulcrum of Asia' Works at the Centre for Policy Research in Delhi. He was
on a 2 week visit to the
USSR sast north.
19505. ,
and China, and not too far off, ( a good neighbou
Indeed, drama normalisation Telations ha 5 en Sowet Union the a friendly India. Gorbachew, Comes around Novembe prime minister F build new and st of a friendship t both countries.
"""The Wo hawe: rapport." Sald a Kau I who ad hi working hard wi Others to draw for the Indo-So New Delhi.
Soviet spokesn that India wi II country outside Gorbachew Wil || general secretaty He has gone to Reykjavik to meet Tot on official wisi and Iceland.
This alone put in the Wision public. It was a to Te that Go Wladivostok spee named "the Gre na ming any othel Asia-Pacific regi ha Would like One SCL2 planet.
Soviet spokesm that Indo-Soviet proved to be til and friendly bila the post-war we US ra lation5 strained during

perhaps that is China Will remain ", India a friend.
tic Progress in f Sino-Soviet hanced for the importance of When Mikhail to India on or tr 25, he and kaji w Gandhi will rong Scaffoldings hat is valued in
: a great mutual mbassador T. N. s colleagues are :h Dobrynin and up the agenda Viet Summit in
utס tחIסק חeו ba the first
tha bloc: that be visiting as of the CPSU,
Genewa and to Ronald Reagan, 5 to Switzerland
India very high of the Sowet lso pointed out bachev, in his h of July 28, it India" before
nation in the n, with which to Work for a nd less poor
en pointed out
relations hawe e most stable eral relations of ld. Even Anglo were severely he Suez crisis
of 1959. No
W 15| LOT. LO the Soviet Union can help being
Indian
struck by the affection, regard and friendliness with which the Soviet men and women talk about India. In no other country in the world does India enjoy such an un critical teflon image.
It is, however, realised in the CPSU secretariat and the Soviet foreign office that though the horizontal base of the Soviet -Indian relationship remains very strong and will so be for a long time, the Wertical pillars that were erected on the base in the 1960s and 1970s are not
that strong in the declining eightles. Gorbachev will be coming with many concrete
proposals to build new vertical pillars - power plants, nuclear plants (if India wants them), oil drilling rigs, coal mining plants and so on. As many as 50 items have already been identified for joint projects both in India and the Soviet Union.
Unlike other Soviet leaders, Gorbachew Will in Wilte India to take part, on the basis of mutual equal benefit, in the further development of the Soviet economy. "India is the World's 12th largest industrial power, it can now help us as We help India for further development," observed an official of the Soviet external affairs ministry.
found a willingness in Moscow to help India build civilian jet aircraft, if this kind of a proposal is submitted to the summit. A large civilian et aircraft joint project could be set up in India to meet India's own civil aviation requirements as well as for export. Soviet civil aviation jets, including the Soviet airbus, are
5

Page 18
no Inferior to the planes India buys from the West spending huge amounts of hard currency. China bought six Soviet jets in 1985 for its airline and has ordered ten more for delivery this year.
| found ng anxiety in Moscow that under Rajiv Gandhi, India is turning to the United States. Not one of the score of Soviet personalities I was able to meet, asked what might happen during Caspar Weinberger's visit to New Delhi. The Soviets are confident that India's threat perceptions will not change in the foreseeable future, nor therefore, India's defence policy, postures and military doctrines. Indians may try to "down play' the Indo-Soviet Treaty at times of peace, but they know it is an impenetrable defence shield at their disposal, whenever they need it.
also noted that Soviet specialists' Unders tanding and analyses of global economic and trado trends and processes reassure them that India has no chance of being flooded with American private Capital nor deeply Penetrated by LLLLLL LLLLLLLLS LaLaLaLaLLS SS LLCLLL S not that much surplus investible capital in the United States and Western Europe; besides American multinationals tell us that they cannot hope to make one-third of the profit in India of what they could easily make in the developed countries themselves and in a host of third world countries,' said Glery Shirokow, an acknowledged authority on Indian industrialisation. Moscow's India watchers hawe also noted that the
"Indian open door" Policy has lost much of its zest, that the doors and windows arca being
slowly closed, that the government is falling back on the traditional lines of self-reliance and restrained international borrowing.
There is in Moscow a lot of sympathy with India's quest for higher technology; Russians see much in common between their and India's need for modernisation and acceleration. With a II their ideological and sentmental affection for the Indian public sector, toward the construction of which
the USSR as
contribution, pe chew's Russia ha with large state on los ing mone their own count Moscow's India sp stress the urg Indian public sect supporting and P
| d | mot mee
Till LT WOI15 Wew of normal is relatons with th Th5 15 a Iey emanating directly Wew of the 27th and the foreign that emerged frc of a batera ter Wement of all . Ei stalled by Conflit or Walues are the Soviet Union to global peace at 5w le t5 walue r merely as the l the Non-Aligned also for leading effort for a cort ban treaty and nuc and disarmament. 5trong oբբosition War weapons enh ship value for the The Soviets realis stands to gain, modernisation of חturקש חa וחסfr economy. They a by Indian purchas tary high-tech They know as mL government know as India's threat p. unchanged, there c;
Cooperation' bet the US. Nor any standing:
Soviet decision under5tifid Indiam normalisation of M with China. Par the coming SIric accord. "Once :aliוחrסח סWIng Lסוח China, we got only natural that mer Wous about OL efforts with China. every Measure tc prime minister th of our relations

made no nean ople in GorbaWe no patience
projects that go y, be they in ty or in India. ecialists strongly 2ncy of making or projects self
rofitable.
t a single Soviet who took a dark ation of India's United States. Soviet outlook r from the world CPSU congress policy guidelines om it. Lowering isions and imprՃlätter relation5 its of interests W Waldmed Im as contributing 1d security. Tha dia's role not 2ading figure in Mo Weet Eut the non-aligned prehensive test lear arme control Rajiv Gandhi's to SD or Star līē5 his āderGorbacheự team. e that the USSR not lose, from Indian industry, in the Indian re, not disturbed ie of 5 elect mi|-
from the US. ch as the Indian s that as long
2rceptions remain an be no "defence We an India and
strategic under
makers also fully misgivings about oscow's relations ticularly, about -Soviet border when you were sa telations with nervous. It is you will feel I r - normalisation We hawe taken I reassure your at normalisation With China will
, lesser mortals
not in the last be at the cost of Wietnam of India. We Sha| do everything Possible to strengthen our relations with India further," said Primakoy, and this was repeated to me by spokesmen of the International Department and the foreign office.
At the same time, the Soviets
would like to see India-China LLLLLLL S LLLLLLHHLLLK LLL S S LLLLLLLHS KK Possible. Il got the Impression
that Moscow would || |ke India to make counterproposals to Beijing, and to elevate the Laks to the political level. Moscow is willing to help bring about negotiation between Beijing and Hano. It may also be willing to help India ard China sette the Border issue. But it has to be asked by both. It hasn't been by either.
Does Moscow see a role for India in settling the Afghanistan
problem? To this question, the ргоппpt answere I got was, why not but what kind of role? Mediation. For that, the US and Pakistan must a Esta ask India which they shall not. The Soviet
Արign would like India to be gne of the guarantors of an agreement on non-Intervention in Afghan internal affairs but yould the US and Pakistan agree
There is a man in the Indian embassy in Moscow who finds in MikhãII Gorbacheự śCime kind. Cf a Nehruwian vision of a World of peace, security and development. He is the deputy chief of mission, Ranganathan. It was nice to hear this from an India diplomat. Gorbachev is the only political leader in the world today who is showing un mistakable signs of statesmanship. While Reagan, Thatcher, Kohl, Mitter and and in the World charicellories are trapped in the jaws of nuclear and Star War weapons Gorbachew along takes a politically, institutionally and economically integral view of the world and has risked his leadership, yes risked it! on ach Lewing a comprehensive nuclear test.
More thaп апy one else Iп today's world, Gorbachev regards Rajiv Gandhi a co-sharer of his global vision.

Page 19
Part II
Paul Seabright Disturbances in Trade
Againt this background, it is to be expected and it will be seen that the ceasefire has led to a significant easing of stress upon the internal economy of the peninsula. What it has not done is to improve trade much between the peninsula and the rest of the island. Table I gives estimates agreed by two in depan
det and Teliable sources, 18 of the daily flow of lorry traffic from Jaffna town through the
isthmus at Elephant Pass to various destinations in the South, for six main phases of the ethnic conflict so far. The reason for the failure of trade to pick up significantly since the ceasefire appears to be that while hazards to Wehicles and drivers have diminished within the peninsula, south of Elephant Pass they have remained high.
Some 20-25 lorres and their goods are estimated to have been lost during 1985, six of such cases
Jaffna's War-ti
August; lo | hawe
Täg5 of the Hum killed or injure: in September lorry driver Wa on November the Elephant Pas: being passed thr check point ther the danger has the salary paid 5ome 500 Sri La the Jaffna-Color from a level to before July 198 diffLIE. Limest Ha There are other some 8-10 cas of entire lorry (the lorries them back) have been di Yersion of sm: goods at road said to be cor no means of frequency; how delands are ri The goods sent gua col 55t i chi e 5, tobacco,
having taken place at the time oil, cement änd of the Wavuniya incidents in those coming
The
Daily Flow of Lorry Traffic from Jaffna for Phas
Loririge 5 Dit Phage Per CT
Day
Before July 1983 OO July 1983 - April 1984 AO-50 Aprili | | 984 — November | 984 || || 20-25 November 1984-July 1985 W 20 Journey dua to .
Late May 1985 W Ni I Afterma Anuraidh many Ta stopped ki || |ed.
After July 1985 W 민0-5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

ime Economy
no reliable estbers of occupants . After a Lu|| and October, a 5 reported shot 3 by soldiers at army camp after ough the Police ed A TSL || E. cof been to raise to di WeF5 to nkan rupees for bo round trip, f a Ebout R5 || 75 3; at especially 5 rise to Rs750.1 costs as well: es of hijackings -loads of goods Iselves being sent reported in 1985; all quantities of theck points are on though I have estimating their ever, ПОПetaГу a portedly rare." out of the peninainly of onions, potatoes, gingelly asbestos sheets; in are primarily
is of Conflict
ΙΠΠΕΠΕΕ
E|The increased LifeW.
H of apura skillings;
liwehicles ad driy TSG
essentials such as groceries and textiles. A reduction in transport of chemical products, such as caustic soda, has been noted by the 'Central Bank Review of
the Economy 1984' (CBRE) as contributing to the poor sales performance of the Paranthan
Chemical Corporation.' And trade in electronics and other consumer goods has dropped severely, both because these are non-essentials and because they invite Piferage, Before the troubles, importers of consumer goods in Colombo reported brisk trade with the peninsula (a trade no doubt swelled by Possibilities of smuggling to India); one such, 50 per cent of whose turnower was in Jaffna, now reports a complete cessation of trade 4 There is a further reason why trade in consumer goods has been particularly cut. Within the peninsula, though threats from the security forces are now rare, vehicles are prone to be taken by militant organisations. Often these are borrowed and returned, if notalways in the Sam e Condition as when taker; but 5e wera informants report that the brunt of these dema Tids fälls on ELUSiness and commercial enterprises in Jaffna town and that farmers are rarely troubled; this may be due to a combination of the ideological sympathies of the organisations concerned and a concession to the fact that the rura | areas, where camps are based are where they most require public support or at least acquiescence.
As might be expected, trade in Wegetables and other perishable commodities which fell significantly during the troubled period, has not reached its former eye, for journeys still frequently involve delays as well as risks, and vegetables that arrive in the South may not be in condition to fetch good prices. In vegetables produced in Jaffna this has eant much lower prices in the peninsula: tomatoes, at Rs 3 per kilo

Page 20
in Jaffna, compares with Rs 15 in Colombo; brinjal at Rs 3 compares with RS 12 in Colombo; grapes at Rs 8 to R5 0 per kilo in Jaffna are sold for up to Rs 30 in Colombo; during the mango season the famous Jaffna mangoes were at Rs 1.50 against a Colombo price of about Rs 4.50; manioc at RS | .50 a kilo in Jaffna is now reported at Rs 6 in Batticaloa.
Nonetheless, although overall trade volumes have not picked up significantly since the ceasefire, in certain categories of goods shortages and distortions have been clearly eased. Most important of these categories Is fuel. Since the ceasefiro the Civ|| au thoritio5 have issued permits to private traders in petrol and kersoene, as a safer way of ensuring supPlies than by using government transport. Most petrol in Jaffna is now purchased at the roadside in bottles; these sell for Rs 17 per bottle against a value of about Rs 1 at the controlled Price of Rs II3.50 per litre. During the curfew period petrol rose to a price of Rs 80 per bottle, Kerosene is now Rs 0. per bottle against a controlled pricea of Rs 7.35 per litre, 7 so the price remains somewhat more distorted. But it did not earlier reach heights comparable to those of petrol, the demand being regulated more by unavailability than by price (a difference due perhaps to the greater ease of finding effective substitutes for kerosene).
What is striking is that markets for different products have behaved in very different ways, so that relative prices have undergone great and continuing change. Table 2. shows the behaviour of prices of an unsystematically selected shopping-basket of items, grouped into sewen main Categories of price behaviour. It is notable that goods of which Jaffna produces a surplus have seen large falls in price within the peninsula due to inability to export Customary quantities: gra Pes, Coconut and mangoes are striking cases. However, this has occurred only in goods in which the impact of the disruption to trade has been greater than that of the disruption
8
to production; E and potatoes, W seen productions suffertid owera|| || spite of their be man traditional
It should be also that the ins has led to a frag as well as between ing US to take with the very no
Group
I (high price
rises)
II (lower
Price rises)
III (rises,
than
moderata falls)
IV (rises,
then large falls)
V (small falls) VI (large falls) VII (no change) |
Note: Contro E

y contrast, fish hich hawe both everely reduced, ises in price in ng among Jaffna's 2xports.
borne in mind ecurity in Jaffna mentation. Within markets, requirsome libertilēS tion of a market
Price. It is clear that grapes, Currently sell for
for example, prices that can change sharply from day to day and locality to
locality, as 臀 come irregu
larly onto local markets that have not in the past been used to dispose of surpluses (the price quoted in the Table are in such cases an approximate average). To complement this picture of local
trade it is now necessary to Consider the disturbances in production.
Tabla 2.
Retail Prices of Assorted items
(in Sri Lankan Rs)
Highest t Unt Present Price Normal"
Prica Last Price Year
Blackgram kg 32. 32 B: Freengram kg 28 8 |- .7 29.90 .29.90 : wderסקlilk hoes pair 20 2O BO
ggs aach 60 60 | .40 LEtion kg 55 55 *2 Chicken kg 50 50 40 offee kg 90 90 EO Tea kg 70 70 E0 Mysore dal kg 29 29 25.505 나gar kg |4 2. read loaf 3.5 3.5 3.05 Cooking gas cylinder 20 모|0 85 |Cë kg 3 5 8 ish kg 30 40 5 Cite kg 4. 25 2.50 Η IIII aς kg 32. 70 3. 'cato EoELI || 7 BO II **
erosene bott || 2 | 0 2.
irapes kg 8 "() 12 Coconuts Cách 5 2.50 langoes each 50 O 3 іп seasoп)
Daբ bar 2.95 3. I0 3.0
oconut oil ||tro 9 2.
tour k 4.90 4.90 4.90 ilk tre 550 5.50 5.50 extiles (local) metre 22 22. 22 extiles (foreign) metre 28 28 8
price.

Page 21
Disturbances in Production
Fisheries: Approximately one lakh persons (over 10 per cent of the population) are dependent HR" fishing in Jaffna district."
is group has been economically the single hardest-hit sector of the population, for under the terms of the prohibited zone introduced in late 1984 it was required to leave the shoreline and move inland, thereby abandon ing its livelhood, Some 15,000 families were issued with government food stamps, 30 but at Rs 40 per person per month these were clearly inadequate to meet even basic necessities. A study in April of fishermen's children under ten years of age in a camp in the north of the peninsula found awidence of marasmus (protein caloric deficiency) in 45 per cent of those examined, ol as well as high incidences of skin and other coplaints. As will be seen, sudden and severe malnutrition has not been confined to the fishing communities, for agrcultural, labo urers have also been seriously affected by the situation But even now at Jaffna hospital it is reported that many of the patients in the children's diarrhoea Ward are children of fisherien, and that around 95 per cent of patients show signs of acute undernutrition.3
Since June 18 the prohibited zona has been relaxed though not officially lifted, and fishing can take place up to three miles offshore.FB3 This limitation om distance still severely restricts both tha wolume of catch and It5 value, for many of the larger fish are to be found only in deeper waters. The result of this is that while supplies to the local market have somewhat improved (as evidenced in Table 2), exports from Jaffna to the rest of the Island remain negligible. A daily traffic of ten lorries carrying ice fish and one carrying dry fish from Jaffna to Colombo has fallen to a rate of a lorry only every five days or so. This represents a fall in value of exports of some Rs 250 million per annum 35 from the peninsula alone. The Northern and Eastern provinces together are estima tad to Supply some 55 per cent of the island's requirements of fish,37
In particular the the high quality
crusta cean 5 and TI from Sri Lanka.
Prising that the of fish In the fir 1985 were Rs 1. 40 Per cent) do period in 1984. disturbances in t WinCE2 5||FCe than
can only accelera
In addition to there ha 5 been col to fishing boats The-Gurunagar sociation reports destroyed be th forces in 1985; suggest the true whole peninsula higher, with up a Craft destro Boats are takian organisations and : most of the for the latter are said Despilte the rela tion fisherman continued harass forces, with Som craft stopped p taken and crew ted. (However, other districts II Tan fisherman hazards: 37 Sin|| were kidnapped b In September in Wince; 5 ore Eo found and the ot killed, though th official confirmati high visibility occupation, and expensive and w ment, it is un In the North Lanka will be at anything like norr 5tate of officia | Te a resolution of flict as a whole.
(To be c
Notes
9 a. s.
20 Saturday Revie
1985.
I a, s. A II LI Ti;
worth a little Indian counter
 

y supply much of fish (especially olluscs) exported So it is unsurcountry's exports "st six months of 3 million (nearly wn on the same * The Increased he Eastern Promeam this trend
L.
production losses siderable damage and equipment. Fishermen's As. about 100 boats e security forcus other sources figure for the
пnay be пnшch to a quarter of yed or seized.3 both by militant y security forces; TIET IT di Some of
to be returned. xa tjion of restricare subject to ment by security e ten per cent of ortions of Cath members assaulaccounts from dicate it is not alone who face Ta lege fishermen y unknown Tamils the Eastern prodies have եքըր 1ers are reported ere has been no 2n.) Given the if fish Ing as an its dependence on Lulnerable equipkely that fish Ing and East of Sri le to Feturn to la| (Whatever the itrictions) before he current con
pntinued)
W. November 30,
In this paper are
rupees, which are |SSS than häIf ther
고,
교표
고도
7ם
교F
3.
33
E
35
37
38
3.
40
CBRE, Tabla : 27 and p. 56.
a relate.
z Trete.
a s, Here as elsewhere in this paper the word "now refers to mid-No. November 1985.
H. F EEfTEEEG.
a s and a 5 corrected (Various)
Most recently estimated at 99.7E0:
5 TEIINEI
E Teliä E.
as reliable II children were exArmined and Wyclights below 70 per Cent NAS reference of CARE-Sri Lanka were used to identify the Undern ourished, Compare a national study (which has boon reliably quotcd ta me but of which I hawe not yet be on able to trace the reference) which reported in 1982 in incidence of acute under nutrition of 4.9 per cent in thildren under 5 In Jaffna; there is no rea som tes think the Incidence among tho slih ing Communities to have belēn any higher at that stage.
as reliable. Of course, the normal" inci dance in a diarrhoea Ward Would be higher than in the population GL K LLLLLLS L L LLLLL L LLLLL LLS cidence Is less than 50 per cent and normal symptoms less aute than those currently found.
With exceptions in other districts such as a nine-mic stretch betWeen Taaimanmar and Pesar.
The Gurunagar Fishermon's Associlation (hera affer GFA) estimate* local s Lupply to be still some 50 Per cent Below normal. Producer prices are about 35 per cent aboy og normal, it says,
Iեit]-
bid. Calculated at Rs 50,000 per arry of Wet fish, R5, 100,000 per lorry of dry and estimating current Traffic at On a wat fish lorry per five day and one dry per twave days.
in 5 reliable.
Central Bank of Ceylon, Bulletin, July 1985, Table 43.
a 5 reliable. The total registered craft number about 3,500 do not have any basis for deciding becween these accounts, except that the GFA does not cover the whole of Jaffra district, so their figura Tay be an underestimate. The higher figure, though fram a responsible source, is avowedly a guess and may be unin ten tionally inflated.
GFA.
9

Page 22
Correct Figures
One does not know from where the erud regarding 1977 General Elections ! As it is necess. give below the voting figures from the Publicatior Race relations in Sri Lanka" and by the Daily Ne
Parliamentary Constituencies Total wali բolle
Northern and Eastern Pro Winces 745
- 26 seats including Amparai & Seruwila electorates not contested by TULF.
If the total valid votes polled in Ampara & Suruy
Jaffna Peninsula - 10 seats 3.2
Mainland -4 seats (Kilinochchi,
Wavuniya, Mullaitivu & Mannar) 95, C Northern Province - 5 seats 406 Trincomalee - one seat (E.P.) 222
it should be noted that the existence of of two separate electorates, Amparai & Seru vila district as a result of large scale state-aided co evident from the figures (population) shown by change has been effected in the demographic pat Colonisation.
Year. Ek District Sinhales
92 - Trini Conalee 50 8 - Tromās 86,34
1921 - Batticaloa (includes Amparai) 7,243 98- - do - 57,017
It is also clear from the following voting give the mandate sought by the UNP to constitut Lanka of 1978 or the earlier constitution of the
Year of General Total valid votes poll
Elections in N. E. E. Province:
1977 74,558 1970 676,878
Constitutions are framed by consensus at the minorities. UNP and ULF hawe wrought I wa secured only 51% and 49% of the popular vote
The Indian constitution has provided amp rights and is even designed to protect minority ir seen as a threat to unity.
O

CORRESPONDENCE
ite Col. Lyn Wickremasurya (L. G. 1/9) gothis figureș ary to correct this wrong Picture given by hirl, is by the Centre for Society and Religion in its book ws in its "8th Parllarnent — Statistical Survey :
WOts Wotes received percentage d by TULF
58 390,350 57.6
(includes votes polled for FPB'ala & Mr. W.
Nawa ratnam, Kaytis)
i la arte excluded:- 57.9
35 232,36 7.5
(includes Mr. W. N's votes)
22 54,830 57.7
57 286,966 0.
EO 15,144 51.7
two multi-member constituencies and the creation and carving out Amparai district out of Batticoloa. lonisation, a realistic assessment is difficult. It is the Dept. of Census and Statistics that a market tern of the Traditional Tamil areas by state-aided
perCentage This perCentage
率.卓 8,586 54.5 33. 93,50 36.4
4. 84665 53.3 28 35,941 43.9
figures that the people of N & E provinces did not :e the so-called Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri ULF of 1972:
d Wotes received percentage
by UN PIWULF ፵% UNP - 167,306 2.5 ULF - 95,502 |.||
ld not by majority community imposing its will on st changes in the political structure although they respectively.
he safeguards for protection of minorities and their egions from massive encroachments. This was newer
T. S. Kuharesa
|afina

Page 23
977 : The last hurrah
As a Buddhist state that it is disconcerting to see some members of the Buddhist •ಳ್ಗ articipating in politics wit ysterical belicosity. This behaviour highlights that they hawe failed in their duty to remind the politicos who invite the priests to dabble in politics to turn back and look at their polltical past, it is indeed correct if they pointed out that the period of the crisis go back to the fifty-fifty demand of Mr. G.G. Ponnambalan. Secondly, Mr. Chelvanayagam's federal demand, thirdly the de-citizeni sing of Indian Tamils by Mr. D. S. Senanayake, fourth the Sinhala only Act. The end result of power arrogance, false steps taken, false proposals made then have made it difficult to retreive now. All these, coupled with power arrogance, have resulted in the emergence of a demand for Eelam, and also the emergence of the Tiger movement.
In this stance Jennings deserves to be remembered. He stated - "The true democrat has a suspicion that he may not always be right'. Indeed it is With this in Wiew that the government held conferences regarding the settlement of the ethnic problem, and may have many conferences of similar nature in the future.
The irony is that the government should hawe done a II this spade work before 1947. The first .1947 ח1 Was שוחeוחitוחוחסם
To those political leaders who oppose the provincial councils, priests should further point out that they are a group of persons taking the country to self destruction, or, redemption. wish to echo Shakespeare' Proud man drest in brief authority plays such fantastic tricks before high heaven and make Angels weep. Further they should have pointed out that We should not forget that we won our independence together. Therefore we should live together. We must not lose I t. If the opposers to the ProVincial councils have any viable
alternative they the notice of th: the general publ nev5 media, Ho counterparts of refrain from pol
O WI it terParts overty il tha Same hi stance I wish reading public ol celebrated "''Lycic author has pot scath ing denunc Protestant clerg Milton deplore deterioration of clergy of the ea era. Similarly th should protest a of the Buddha da: חing pוחסand bec breaking a law Teacher embodie: of discipline for It is justifiable t grO LIPS, or sectio entered the clerg their velihood secret, or underh
is not the car force, and also should they int political domain? that class conflict from the political the Sangha such which has attain ideological cohera Dr. Gunasingha h:
Once a person hood is he mot : Moksha Oriented Is he not a gi religious path?
Priests who thi is ever-ready to and get hypnoti they chant, or ra and ineffective pi Let me point out they are sadly country is not in back to the da Therefore the mas: ready to carry o the political mind should be borne there will be sy

should bring to a government and ic through the W we || do their other religions tics. They do -e their counor covertly jinks. In this L ETI ts John Milton's las", where thig red scorn and ELO O ta As Tuch as the growing the protestant lier Elizabethan e Buddhist laity gainst some sons" bling in politics, odigal i söns, by of the Great in His code the monkhood. linking that such 15 have stealthy y either to earn Jr to seek it by and means.
gy a non-class a group? Why ErwEme in thը Do they know is newer absent dorman? Is not | non-class force !d a degree of ice, as (L.G. I.) 15 observed. Inters the monk| TETIEET of that religious path? Iardian of the
kätte laity listen to thern iad when ewer nt 5orme insipid | || El cal sermon.
to them if so, mistaken. The d to goססוח a 's of the 1956. e5 are no longer the bidding of ed Priests. E
In third that ift retribution
CORRESPONDENCE
to such miscreants who disgrace the Principles of a noble philosophy. During the early stagas of indépendence the powers of the demigods were seen during elections. That situation has gone into obliwon as a result of the awakening of the rural youths politically, and educationally.
In this context the question to be posed is - "how effective would the Sangha be as a political actor -חwIםto the Pr חsltioסtheir opp חI cal Councils generated by the S. L. F. P. and its side-kicks'
Are they aware that the situation facing this country to-day is a Commentary on the confidence the 臀 of Sri Lanka placed in the UNP in 1977.
The price paid for the policies of power arrogance' is a split of the Sinhala-Tamil communities. Each looks at the other with
StrL5t In conclusion may I remind Politicians opposing the Provincial Councils that it is difficult to find a system that would com
Pletely satisfy everyone. May
say such a system is, in brief,
the Federal system.
The ""Hurrahs"" of 1977 w II
not Come on any singFe party in the Sri Lankan political arena again. E. C. Fernado
.5 סbוזוםCGI
War and . . .
(Continued from page 3)
tests and rejects the only coherent, logical and acceptable policy for a humanity: that is, the cessation of the arms buildup, the banning of chemica I warfare and other means of mass destruction, a reduction in conventional weapons and the implementation of a program for the total eradication of nuclear arms in the shortest possible time.
This aspiration is shared not only by the people who are building socialism but by every responsible and sane person on earth.
The nightmare that weighs on humankind must come to an end.
모|

Page 24
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Page 25
BANGALORE SUMMIT
Cooperation: larger gaii
Mahinda Werake
APG the idea of a regional organization for South Asia had been in the minds of some of the leaders of the countries in the region, a concerted effort at forming such an organization did not commence until 1979, when the late President of Bangladesh Zia-ur-Rahman mooted it during his state wist of Sri Lanka. Incidentally, South Asia, aside from East Asia, is the only region in the World which did not hawe a regional organization of some sort. Considering the fact that South Asia is one of the worlds poorest regions with almost a quarter of world's population cramped into it, appears to be an ideal place where the idea of any cooperative effort aimed at Pulling it out of doldrums of poverty and lack of development would find a fertile ground. However, the political will to take up the challenge and make the idea a reality was not there, The Bold initiatiWe of the President of Bangladesh was supported by the Sri Lankan President I. R. Jayewardene. Since then, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka hawe been In the forefront of the attempts to establish a South Asian regional organization.
The idea to establish a regional association for South A5a Wa5 not enthusiastically received by all countries in the region at once. The Initia support extended by the two largest countries of the region, India and Pakistan, was lukewarm. However, the inda mitable determination of Bangladesh strongly supported by Sri Lanka and Nepal finally succeeded in getting their cooperation. Thus, it was possible for the Foreign Secretaries of the South Asian CLLL LLL S L L S LLLL SS SSLLLLaaaL within a short period of two years. The said meeting which was held in April 1981 was the first definite step towards setting up of the
(Dr. Mahinda Werake teaches history
at the University of Peradeniya).
regional organizat As la Regional Coo was formally lau | 9B3 it te Fil-5 foreign ministers Asian countries he
It was felt by that the new or proceed slowly a that a SUIIIIIlit o States or Go Werni called only after time for Some bilateral issues to east to some e. less, Bangladesh . all its resources to seg that a Su at the earliest po: result was the led in December
Tha Dhaka SLIT signing of the { 55 cation OW South Asian Assoc nal Cooperation | option of the Dh These two docume aims and aspiratior states of the the in15 EE tutionalizatior SAARC W LIFEF by the recent anno effect that ||E5 52 be established at Nepal. Thus wit of seven years dream of a South organization has pelling the initial r som e quarters abi
It is lindeed al II vement particular|| extraordinary dive Plexity of probler
The past record shows that it has : for med the arduesu aining cohesion di conflicts and tensio of its members. fact, one of the cisions taken at of the Foreign Sec

ns open to the smaller
tion. The South peraton (SARC) inched in August meeting of the of the SՃլյth |d in New Dalh.
5C COL"t"| 5 ganization should nd cautiously so F the Heads of ments should be giving sufficient of the serious be settled at Etent. Nonethe3nce again used at its disposal It was held sible date. The Dhaka Sunri
last year.
it led to the Charter of the known as the :iation for Regio(SAARC) and adaka Declaration. nts embody the 5 of the ember
SAARC. The process of the her Conso II dated uncement to the Cretariat would
Kathmārdu in in a short span the Bangladesh Asian regional ET1 e tra di5пI5gІVIпg5 аппопg Out It:5 SLICCC:55.
mPressive a chiely in view of the 2rsity and comms of the region.
of the SAARC Successfully peris task of mainS Pite bil-lateral Si between Some As a matter of
| Triportant dehe first meeting retries Was to
keep the "bilateral and contentious i55ues' out of the deliberation5 of the organization and to take its decisions "on the basis of unan imity'. Accordingly, the Infant organization was shielded from the likelihood of bilateral issues disruբting the unity that was built with much effort and difficulty. It is to the credit of the SAARC that it should be mentioned that over the last few years it has been successful in injecting a sense of responsibility and commitment into the behaviour of its member states. One of the significant occasions when this was put to test was in May last year when Sri Lanka threatened to boycott the third meeting of the Foreign Ministers of the SAARC countries held in Thimpu, Bhutan as a Protest against an anti-Sri Lankan statement made by the then Indian Minister of State for External Affairs, Khurshed Alam Khan.4 lt Was noteworthy that the two main adversaries of the region, India and Pakistan worked hard to get
Sri Lanka back to attend the meeting.
Even prior to that Incident,
Sri Lanka, despite being a founder member of the group, had expressed its unha PPiness With India for her role in Sri Lanka's ethnic crisis in supporting the Tamil separatists. Therefore, at the Foreign Secretaries Conference held in Male in February 1985, Sri Lanka made it quite clear that there cannot be genuine cooperation Without mutual con fidence and trust between the member countries implying India of interfering in Sri Lanka's interna I affairs. Thus, the bilateral disputes which were purported to be kept out of the association were raised by Sri Lanka twice during the last year threatening its sur wiwa 1. Yet, the SAARC Survived both crises without much damage. One interesting feature on both occasions was that PakiStan, despite its longstanding con
3.

Page 26
flict with India came strongly on behalf of the SAARC. To their Credit it should be noted that both India and Pakistan hawe been carefu | mot to let their bilateral problems disrupt the unity of the SAARC. In that context, it was ironical that Sri Lanka, being one
of the erstwhil porters of the initial stages, such a policy.
(To be
NOTES ואdIחI.5eeppe
APPE
Some Key Statistical II
Countrics Area Population Average A
(000 km) )1985( וחוח growth r.
Bangladesh 144.0 00.5 5.6 (1973 Bhutan 47.0 O. (1960 India BBBO Wé?...? 3.9 (1973 Mäldiw c25 C. O. 3.0 (1975 Nepal 4.08 5.0 2. (1975 Pakistan BO 39 명, 교 5.0 (1970. Sri Lanka 65.6 5.4 5.4 (1970
Source: Asian Development
Far Eastern Egonor World Erik WWE
Negotiations . .
(Continued from page 6)
East, especially if that sacrifice will only result in another period of military stalemate and another round of negotiations. The milltants must accept the fact that they too have no military solution to theirt search for Tam II Eālam. The political realities of the region w III not toer te such a solution. To fight for it at any cost is to lead the Tamil people toward genocide and humiliation. The time has come to emphasize the political Processes to engage in a genuine attempt to find peace so that the people of the North and the East can emerge out of their current state of siege and insecurity and develop their own part of the country. The Tamil people have made their point. Their political W III can no longer ble ignored by mainstream Sinhala politics. The scheme of devolution currently being offered accepts the fact that they are a people with a right to autonomy in the regions where they are a majority.
2
Tha CRD) under El TC TAM Y a realis o! regard to curren the North-East M lem of land, llaw federal or less ul time Has Egne f to be di Geussed the negotiation the "killing field is tired of this W prolong the fig o Wiri wasted inter a sense of bra lead the country, Ehem Sewes to Wari destruction.
Reg
"No political.
(Contin Lued fr
| 5 Luch matters Once then the made that unwa had been made; concerned is allo, hiding by delayer too, they were t

2 and ardent spu
SAARC at the opted to adopt
continued)
NDIX I
2. Asian Recorder, Wol. XXXII, no. 3.
in 5-2, IEE.
3, Asian Recorder, Wol. XXVII, no. ZB,
July 7-5, 1981.
4. Ceylan Daily Neys, IIth May, 1986,
5. Seg, Pran Chopra, "SARC — Suryi yes a Italէ Island, 20th March, 1985,
dicators of South Asia
il La Real G.N.P. Per capita Arred
Growth 9%. GNP (1984) FICTE
(1985) USS (1985)
–83) 3. 30 9,300 I-79) 80 (1979) -83) 4.5 BO I.26(rTn II) -78) m 260 (1981) -83) 2.8 EO 25,000 –83) B. 380 482,000 –83) 5.4 350 2,500
Bank, Arnud Report, | 735 | C. Rey law, Asī Yei raak, 733
Development Report, 1981
'stands that there f contention with it negotiations - erger, the prob" and ordet moT
nitary. But, the or these issues and settled at table and mot in s'. The country War. Those who iting for their test: ald GLE of vado Will only
the people and di death and self
giea Siriwardene for C.R. D. C
DIT page 8) if they act at
allegation was tranted arrests
if the person wed to go into di action, then,
lamed.
He then made reference to a recent arrest of a smuggler. When he was arrested, there was suspcion that he belonged to a terrorist group. But then it was established that the suspect was חסוחות סrist but a cם"t a terrם ח thief and smuggler who had brought in S100,000 and Rs. 2.5 million worth of jewellery.
If there was reasonable suspicion, then they had to act once. That was how terrorism had to be fought. There Were certain categories of police investigation which took a long time. Delay also occurred at the Attorney General's Department though, due to no fault of the department. Anyhow he Was now acting on a Provision which had not been much resorted to earlier, and he issued "restricted residence order', to give relief to the arrested, where possible.
He said detention conditions here were now fairly good. Foreigners who had looked into it had also said, so... Parlament then adjourned till 9.30 a.m. today.

Page 27
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t tjetri involved in the tubacca industry in d:CO grurit, promoting self. Tito fut the ruraliarmar. We contribute Oreign exchange for the country,
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Page 28
WE ARE A DIFFERENT KI
7here are a multitude of έ
O They who guard the fre
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Each of us is a guardian to
dependency in
BUT THE DIFFERENCE
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A Different Kind C
 

D OF GUARDIAN TO YOU
rua radians during your life time
edom of speech & expression
sic human rights of mankind
nocratic freedoms to which each
citizens
others who view us for their
day to day life
IN OUR GUARDIANSHIP
NCERN FOR YOUR FUTURE
ANS OF YOUR HARD-EARNED
W TO SPEND AND HOW TO SAVE
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f Guardian For You
「らー。