Page 1


Page 2
CURRENT ICES
BHUTAN NEPAL REFUGEE ISSUE
A Report of a FactFinding Mission to Nep Weerakoon, 1995. 19p.p. Rs... 50.00
THE BO-ATTE MASSACRE AND THE KEE
A Report om the attack on Bo-Atte village i 1995 and other attacks in the Anuradhapura
CHITTAGONGHILL TRACTS; DISPLACEM A Report by Devendra Raj Panday and Jeev
DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS, by N cover: Rs. 300.00; Paperback Rs. 200.00
DEWOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT IN SI Edited by Sunil Bastian. 1994232pp Rs. 35
ELECTORAL POLITICS IN PAKISTAN: N Report of SAARC-NGO Observers. 1955.1
IDEOLOGY AND THE CONSTITUION: E DENCE, by Radhika Coomaraswamy. 1996 Hardcover: Rs.300.00; Paperback Rs.200.(
LIVING WITH TORTURERS AND OTHER
SOCIETY, CULTURE AND POLITICS IN PE Rs, 150.00
THE LOSTILENORE; A TALE, by Regi Siriv,
OCTET COLLECTED PLAYS, by Regi Siriw
SRI LANKA: THE DEVOLUTION DEBATE
TAMIL AS OFFICIAL LANGUAGE: RETRO 1995. 126pp. Rs... 150.00
WRITINGSOCIAL SCIENCES: A BRIEFIN Sasanka Perera. (Simhala). 1996. 74 pp. Rs.
ALL ORDERS TO: I Ethnic Studies, 2, Kyn

PUBLICATIONS
al May 1-7, 1995 by Niaz Naik and Bradman
ETIGOLLAWAREFUGEE CAMP
in the North-Central Province om October 21,
District. 1995. 32pp Rs. 50.00
ENTMIGRATIONANEDACCOMMODATION, an. Thiagarajah. September 1996, 26p.
2elan Triuchelwan (Tamil). 1996. 296pp. Hard
RI LANKA
OOO
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 1993. 36pp. Rs. 250
SSAY'S ON CONSTITUTIONAL JURISPRU
pp178.
DO
ESSAYS OF INTERVENTION SRI LANKAN RSPECTIVE, by Sasanka Perera. 1995.89pp.
vardena. 1996. 100pp. Rs... 130.00
Jardena. 1995. 172pp. Rs... 175.00
1996. 255pp. Rs. 250.00 SPECT AND PROSPECT, by A. Theva Rajan.
IRODUCTION TO WRITING TRADITION, by
| 1O. (OO)
ternational Centre for sey Terrace, Colombo 8.

Page 3
Just two years and a few months old and the 7-8-9 party"Peoples Alliance” seems to have suddenly a quired a aJJSaaLLLLK S LLLLLLCtLLLLSSSLLL KL00 LLLL S S L K explair the extraordinary events of the past week? An ISLAND editorial (4) por Bs Benited an excellient sur mi rimary of how it all began:
"A heavily packed lorry plying from Colombo to Wawuni ya TLJ ins over 3 motor Cyclīst āt the Miris vate unction, and kills him, Amirate public LLL LLLL LLSL S LLLLLLL L LLLLLLL LLLLL cleaner run away,..., goods from the orry are looted. A TW crew which has been carrying out a special assignment
SSLLa KaaL a LLLLLaaa0 S L L LLaaatL LSL begins firling the burnt-out lorry. The next stage is the arrival of a Pajaro SJJ L SLKS S L S S S S S S YSS LL LL politician and his bodyguards". An Ex.: llarige Of WWE.Ords. . . The Carn Era is assaulted. The film is "Confiscated" St to SEY.
The scene shifts to the police Station. And there, the Carliara Crew is roughed Up the press reportad. Alas, a case of Tistaken identity. The TW GFEW WorkBad for the State-Tur|| ||TFN THE politico and his thugs may have got the names mixed up. Their the hopedfor sought after target was NOT the Independent Television Network, the Slate-dovv rnıed, but rather the ITML; thp? privately owned.
The CW er of the INL S Han Wickremasinghe, is the brother of Opposition BFC Er M - I Wickremasinghe, The latter's ni aca, |shini Wick rennasinghe Perera, is TINL"s Na WIS DITE CtDT, What SFJ CkEd thig political Establishment, the press, the diploratic COmmunity, and the Colombo-based correspondents rost Was not the arrest the young woman LaL LLL S LL aa LHa LLtaSLCLL S SLuuuLLLLLL LLLL HHH DI TETTüFIST. At:t.
The UN's newly : TH PDO I LELIT i fl W Coomarasvvагт1у, а : thiË EGJITH" S "TET" told the press "T principale which : freed oil explicity
Crimi Tial prosecut Freedom of the pras be repealed", "WN Clādi kā Bādar daughter of the we
PITIT MM I i I 3T - Bandaranaike, sic right now TOC
Johannesburg princ
First Women's orga Lanka's Editors GLII more spirited inter
"Cill TF || L. Editors Guild, "Is thi AS WE LIdarStandi CCT CETTEd With t| Other Wise of Ile IIT is a special law inte terrorism. By no flig änybody HE Carl Wirl of Terrigt WEds FCW
THE Iles som here is po t|IThe LO t|ITTG ||
independance der elected regimes did ETTEergency" for II m. Til EE Fridt 15. TF eTilargency regulat g(3yeTTITEIlt lO CO Strikes lar ECL, for fOOS, ard SCO C Later, both Earties || || that these extraordi TOSt. Convenient E thät WWEFa rūL H thr administration. Ard " DECOTolos Lla "T) regime arried to acquiring SOFThe They,
 

ppointed special o rгi в п. Radnika forminent figure in s rights movement He Johannesburg pels Co Lt pre SS TLB5 | B LSE - iO in Cases of S. THE PITA, STIJL || || "O LU | di PrE 5 id gnt dike KurTiara tunga, |res first J.LIT
Mr. 5. Sir IIH holds that Office raspect the ipale?
lisati S exL Sri Ii, , , , a SOITP y la
TITI
EEE ISSLIE" Sad th= E LİSE OF THE PTA, l, the PTA, is not TE: a CCL 41 CW. Of Flug ni ad report lt Il d'ETO Baviti it of fancy would led that any kind Il Li5 TELL",
וחםough. FrחEחai| the first posta des popularly declare a state of Orth, sometimes ra | W IT1 ore... TF1 2 iOS di BO B le with triբբling distribLit etc.
Lral Wolde. Pard SLFP fund larly pՍWETS Wէ:IE VEn Irl SituatiOIS at to day-to-day 50, the "*aborill OTI Tā ma". With the the teetil, and Characteristics.
Mervyn de Silva
MASSIVE RETALIATION: SIGN OF WEARNESS
If the TNL had indeed presented a distorted or aver a dangerously distorted picture, the PA government C3 Luld hıav"D (a | LuSBdRLIpa vra hir 1i, SLB0: and the por B55 to set the Tecord right and (b) punished the TNL under the OTTā il la W, "WE TE Certain" Sa Idith E. Editors Guild, "that the station would also have issued a Correction". So why
Согтri/ тул галег 19
Win n 1T
PTite Rh- 15:[] [] Published fortnighly by Lanka Guardian Publishing Co.Ltd. No.246, Union Place.
( մlւյոլիի (12,
1e 4-4754 E-mail-guardian (GISTilanka. Het Editorin Chief Mervyn de Silva Editor Dayan Jaya tilleka Cover Photography. Ravi Pasad Heath A. Lok Luhap Larachchi ( Reuters) Printed by: United Publishing House (Pvt.) Itd
C O N T E N T S
MeTVyI de Silva ()
Ajith Serasundera 02 Tisaranee. GLi Hasekara
Januar 15th, 1997
Historic Lis Manik Sand Tasaga Tal H.L.D.Mahin dapala Janasa vya Research Report T3

Page 4
THENATONA AND BODOHS
THE COUNCIL's
The Tai purposef this Cimmerītary is analysing the Origin of the recently formed National Sangha Council, its LGL HH u S S LLLLL S S LKLKLKLKLL L S L S L LLL political rolle of Buddhist ITIOrks.
The majority of anthropologists who Studied STI LaTi kar Society ha VB aaLLLLL a LSLS L K LLLL KLL LLL uu LLLLLL LSL Buddhism (ObEySE-kêre 1963, 1972: SErigալraԼոE 1975: Malalgotia 1976: S L L L S S S S S 000S S S LL LLLL S S S S SLLLL ObBysiekere 1986: Scouth Wood 1983: Carrit Hers 1983: Bord 1995). The So scholars hawe att Empted to Emphasi5E Buddhist NationalisIT and its significant icrological influencë ajri Sri Lankam Society. The anthropological research Il Sir Hala Buddhism ir Sri LETI ka LLaLLLLL LaLLLLL SLLLa LLLaS LLLL a aLLaLL uL LHOUght: HG W Buddhism has Historically Contributed to Lustifying political processes In the EFB-Colorial, colonia, and post Colonial periods and How Siri hala Buddhis FTN has Charged along with the social changes in Sinilala society,
Britil of these scht gls of thDught have given rise to a theoretical perspective with ragard to Buddhism in Sri Lanka. It is proposed that Buddhism has continued to participate in the Sri Lanka State Bid its political ideology - Whic in turn las introduced Changes Ed Sitself. My Basic therne of di SCS:Siori III this article is that there K SK H 0HLHHLHHLLLCLCC LT CK S LOLKHCHCH HML LLLLLL dESCTIEEd by thE SChola IS ITIETILIored aէյtյաt:
Four Weeks ago,
1995, the Nation was held at the E TīE Tā ir LIISE
Establishi - Natİ ÖTl Ellis Teeting the Council declared th di SS, ET ER EXERCI the Commissionar Independent entil artir 3 al Citrā || SW:
TE J J F FIVE goverллагыг “s pa/f дгvaffsaffолдгоgг Occasion tWE El Based by thiE COLT1. These importa fit ini u C Ft EFTIJ TE Fy | idegggy of Bh dOELITETES the TE
pertain to political such as agricultur Educatio E Energy, foreign | Society, They als Socia gli fare i SS. բrrէllarris |ELitii
pressure, gastric C բlariming Ett:.) irl a! people who are ly with regard to the
BHIKEL
Sir TH Biel:
the Sanghai hias b
E 511 SoCal Whi:|LIB NatioslE
 

ANCAA COUNCIL
EO REVIVALISM
Ajith Serasundera,
LLuLHTLTLS KTHuTHTHHHT T SEHTTTaaKS STLuH HTT TT L TTTTSLS
PROGRAMME:
Oril 15th DE CETT)}Er iall Saingtha Co Lusicil M|CH IT CLITIE of that mEEting was H| Blikk L. Ce HLTE, AL
National Sangha hrEÐ slajor demantis: Filwa rifa sidra III:W, tL I Tri if EIECTİC T15 ITTC ET y and change the EiLE TT1,
а одразе с гле РА ffcal packagд алг/frs ##TTITTg, []T1 thEl SäTT1E} |iČat III S WETE Natio El Sagha DC UIThe Flls HfG WerY riderstanding the |tical role and kk:F1LJ 5. |: 1 [H]: 5; are Tlarly ideas that aid Economic fields E, industri ES, HERFilth, Sport power and aligy, culturi: and o eriphasiSE SorTle IB5 and public health a5 (di HEJ etBS, EJ | COI) Cd QITiplications, family attempt to Educate Irigin the rural areas 356 problems.
HU BLOCS
Հt rEyi\ral rilLյաërilBriէ, Berl campaigning Grլ and Politi Call ISS LIES Il Sanghai Council has
just emphasised. During this Century Sinhala Buddhist society has bean influenced Ideologica || y by thE LLLLLLLaS LLLaKaLLL LLaaLaaLLaaLa S LLLL tari disger these ideologica influ Ea FC Easf formi Liu It Libral, faligita Luis al ni political institutions. The Buddhis rëwival FTC y Erill Erit Wä5 Thairly a ñiti "Estefri anti-Eritish and af ti-Christian MūttīVtt Grī ādā Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thero wa the Ima ir pigme Eers of the Fr1 (VEmant HOWEVEerit Carme tout as ar fideosog гтлолцуулалт гт 5лтаа Л/дгала5лт L LL L SLLaK LLLLLL S LLL LL HLaa aL S leadership. Most ideas about ECOCITY social Welfare, rural development an discipline put forward by the Nation Sang hima C0LIrı cil|''s Containiideologic links with Dharmapala's teaching
After Dharmapala, the Widyalan ka Pirivena emerged as a centre of Sinha KSL HH LSL LLLLS L0L LLK 0LLSLLLLa L L S wéré Politically Sympathétic
LLLLLL LLaaLLLL LSLL LLLLLLL LLaLataLaaLLL LLLK LLLLaaaaLm L a LLLLLaLLLLLLL LLSLHaaa S Dharmapāla. Am Omg TI EITT, Bhikk Walpola Rahula Theroplayeda laadi ro | E as a politica | Bihikki L., HI Controversial interwention "Heritage Bhikkhul I ", B b Q 0 k, Egri 50 CFă | WWE-alfarbi da politics, emphasised the Bhikkhus' ro in politics. While these developmer were going or, another trend ha emerged in the Torm af mawi Bhikk Organisations such as the Eksa Bhikkhl || Bala Ma Tidlalaya di Tid Eksatt Bhikkhu Peramuna EBP Which CL Cross ikaya and Caste II daries in LLaLaLaL a KLa L L S LLLa LLLLLLa La S Cd|CTIEC Bas, Ed ratIdrial politic associations and interest group

Page 5
|Malagada 1977). These presaged the role of political Bhikkhus grouped today in the National Sangha COLI) cil. During that period the EEP mainly COFICErned itself. With anti-LPP anti-Wester and anti-Catholic issues, while they stood for the edu tational, religious and
rationalist i rig guds Of Siri FIFil: Buddhists. To attain their goals the EBP Calpaigned for SWRD Bad Branaike's political project SWRD"S political Victory and the celebration of the Buddha Jayarithi festival helped the BhikkhILIS IT their effert to TESt Corg tille
Sinhala Buddhist heritage and identity.
ATT Bf 1955, LHB TE WES angt. Het significarit factor; the politica | Bhikk. LIS LLaLLLL LLLLLL L SLLLLLLLL HHHG LLLLLL L LLaaa LLLLL L LLLLLL LHH LLLLLS YLLL KS S S SK SS SSSSYSSYLLS LLHHLaaaaaaLLL LaaLLLLLLL LL L aa LL LLLLLLL right wIrigs of party prյlitics, ThESE Everger CBS and the Conversions of the EWO filost repLited Buddhist Thomastic CallageS ("Vidyalari kaFa and Wid"yodaya PrTTWEIF5) ir to universiti E35, Wiga krig the Politi CH | Bhikkhus' Ea T'Jan Ing
})^Ef.
Lä LH. FI 1971, young Tadical Bhikkus linked with the JWP believing in armed revolutionary struggle. This third L S LLK LK a L LL SS LLLLLLaL LSLLL L S L KS La Bhikkhu Dirgarisääti TIMIS TLIT HET BEË WERE I7 HLHa CHCLCLCaa S 000S0S S0L000JS S KCCL LCLLLLLCLLL п0 sigлfffсалг. polffica/ гlevelopгтлвлгs ar77 forg of Five Eifffff us
FAR EASTERN FACTOR
THE UN PgDWETTI ment which Carl INE I TITO
DÖWer in 1977 intTL du Ced oper EEnriormit polities. Thest Etrյritյrliit C F1 argi ES rīt darily EFFEC tard LIFE BCOnomy but also politics, religion and Culture. Immediately the Maha Sangha responded to these developments as they believed these rapid economic ChangES Would destro y Sinhala Buddhist CL || TLIFE" At the säTE TFE theri KLaaaaLL aLLmKS S SLaL LLLL K LLL a SLFP the traditional left and the WP alŠöEriphasised thesides about the a0 L SS S S K HH H HGS S LLTLHCLC L L S SS HCHLLLL 00LCCCLaL LGHSLLLL LCLGY LLLLL S LLLLLLLHCLLLLaL developarr7E77 TS:sfārtĖ Vario Los types af CLCLHHLHHLHHHS HCLGGHCLGHLLLK LLL KK LLLLGtLLCCLS Erairirrig schools, pre-schoof eurcator, CMamaCCCLaLL LTTLaLHC LCMCKLK CCHMS SS SS SSLSLLLLLL LCCCaCHH KCCMLL TCCaLaLLLCLL CLGLLGGHa LLLLLLLCLLLLLLLLK etc.. PārēT/WEB/ fo ffeise developor 77 erits
Гhey гесвѓved до/ї голаїfолs rттаїл/y
EF TA' TIFFA FF! Lloff
C2 Liffffaa5, Liffffff ELFS ir 7955 Works, Wii вассалгалттүsince 75
TIESE ENKLE
FrydsVE WWFf F er:
va "E Ig I frg Er EL MW fs; F7F7F7F7F7;
| HEIB la 3 d5. E and dEvelop riler TiilitEFIt ITOygrTIETit:
HULLE ET EIII. lirikel işitli Illi
developments
Vario Lis types BC Liç'i EİE:SLIK:Hı [T; Li Ili rigi sidiĝis. education, F. ET LIGGESELF" aid produced
L'IEL G5, ELS LL.
these develop received politi LIIIIIIIII, Fájl:III. HTeil: which are prej CELI I 1 | Fies ii Ii rapidly. Evրitiit is title
econd Ily sinte
TiltāTIL TIETET SE parat T Fiji Fi impatted armցtitյria – äTiti i II TLITIT WE EdE-WellCp ing Org Stīls. Te thal E IT a ] Cor LLU I ITFI tend:TCy, Paralel there has been a the famil people Lotorrstratigr. Wil Carl filty Irla 13 СпЕ is libara žirij U E LE CIET S : Oriented. Among riat|Urialist IIլttյ||ել: of thought call
 
 

са/ раѓгогтаge arтd голл Мадал, Когена ffe recisey Those ѓе гарfсїїү exдалојво! f St Karl 77.
Wo were figy глолт/c ёлfегргfses у елдауеа муfrh rt.
em the Ermargence Ğf är ni Ed Tammil Si FC 1980, THESE
Bilik IIIES,
WAT LECCIÓ I til started 3 FECIOJ I Hii
LS, WUJUli HII ls, pré-school Huisell IIIition
de Luii 1iii I ils, Hit Liqli PH THE EL tients they ral patrollage
Tuair 1 Eyfirlerini ItİTİliliitill isely those Hi Hitle
Lisi IE 55 STI IIIlli:II
15 lased Of The The land concept ly on the Bhikkhus is responsible for B Bhikkhus 1983 July riots was g poilt for this to these changes, Olti Calde Eat O1 + ' s right Of SETT in this deat WE CF100||S Of thÚLIghts: Dr Mixi5t (i) FilaratiEd Siti lil Hi II, TI - Talist those Sinhala LI:S H IBVV SClOO! It III Etfall
media and di SCOLI Tse, Called ". Jathika Chinı Thanaya". DOLuring this period lay leaders from the Jathika Chin thanaya fOrTTILI lated Onid Bology of Bhikkh.LS
LLLLLLLH LHLHLaa La KLKLL DL SS LLLLaLS a aLLS LLLLLLL K LLS LKSS LLL LLaaaa L LL gr, Wing rapidly War ITF ir Siri|| ||B 5 OCEty. Handillard with these developments there was a The WBhhikkhLI Cyr gari Islation a SYa S K SSYSLKK LL KS 0S L SLSL S LLLL K Wiyaparaya", Готтлеt in 1986. By mid1987 this lovement played a leading role in the struggle against the IndoLanka peace accord. This made the public aware, if a SETICLES Way, Of the political role of Bhikkhus. Soon after the crackdown in the art-peace accord riots, young radical Bhikkhus turned to JWP politics,
CONTEMPORARY CONVERGENCE
WHET WE COпSidar all gif the above it clearly helps LIS understand the significante of the EaritBrnբgrary organisational and ideological trends among the Bhikkhus: since post Independence, Bhikkhu movements had been linked With right and left wing բarty բքIIt Its, and բgiaris Erl along those lines, but the new tendency is ցոE Ճf the National Sangha going against that trend. This will be a major factor of "Bikkhu (litics". At the same time the National Sangha Council id=Calagay Teflects the historica||lirik With BLJUJE HIS REMI Malis 11
The Natio Tia || Sanghai COLITICII is a reflection and political symbol of the co ni tion. Li fing procesis of Buddhi5t Ravi was in our century, albeit with changing leadership.
Referenças :
1. A rath thige - Don, TEN || || e. S. PatteFIls of Community Structure il Colombio, Sri Lanka: All Investigation of Contemporary Urban Life in South Asia. (University Press of America)
2. Ma łagoda, Kitsi Ti "BuddhisTim
Peijst-Independerica Sri Lanka". Religion in South Asia. Edited by G.A. Oddiela, Marco Hilar, T. 991 ||

Page 6
S S S S S SS S SS S SS SS SS S S S S S S S S S S S S LL LSL LLL LLL LLL LLSL
... I avishly paive, c
calculated super
burleste, a eleverių
a world historic pie
an indecipherable
understanding of th (Kirl Mary - The Cla
tre II port st tirre flere Lars (i sin all CIUTAT I fry z UJose riler 7775 755755 ir 7 fel by some af his disgrantled supporters. This riler lind a IIIserpillo IIsly LLLu uYYLLLLLCLCDH aaS LLaaLLLLLLLa uS aaaS Laa 771 erra Ebert of Filte Cor. O FEE FT Y FFIFs kimsir in rapproacifier fire der Fler's 75 year ord da Ighter (TILUFICI LUAS KE Jially is Ferring fo pop TIIIsic" strijd resert Fed f is interri por incri) End Erged Fier to përsuadë her Zvidoved rather fo Hanke azer the reirIs of PC] {{"EF". "THIE / E? E 471g pricess is a first Teletா I the kis In e en I Irgeri I 0ேrice : மு 5ாரing "I :
| sty; re going to let i be Lasted?". The Jourg princess thilen falked Elgo her71 euren rola Error Herard fageffer Frey SIIccessfully pers inded their II other (Uh a reas a Political riotice) to step in to the lead Fler's slages. The Uiro TLT raig Teed Pri rappeared before the CLIATT try i II FET noIring Fire and Issoa Selected LLL LLLLaLa Y Y S LLLLL LLLLLLLLYMSS SLLLLL LLuLL FIEF EFTIEH FFET FIDJIEFE VET FI STAT FI'S LLYYLLL LLLLL S aaaa KLaS LSLS SL LS L GLL K elevating her to the nost poUErft | F7Csific II i 7 the la FId) by 77II7 king ha iHI orie offer chief CC7Li risellers. TFTET I PIETŲ all liver Itappil, ELLr After.
This is no fairy ta a Ticiërit [33St. Itä GTi | HI: Fiel I. H|T of LFE LWN EITT FL decades a century and
| | | | 3 |I |I LI FII A, docштеп тағу - "Sir
ti ti: Rupayah ini this y of SLJCC 355C). Wä: äTtar THE ä SS:S Bidiri ke A. l. was played by SW, Aույra and daւյցի EfB Isit: ',' }, WHIC II: TSJaded || O.W.ET L.H. G|Galers Saying "you hav: party". The pal BfF f SWF Barda fargik E - W,
FTIT EPLF E F G FT EFT was striki the Fat of ESL וםם R חד זכו סTHE Tat South and Northi.
GՃing by an a Lakbira" thin documentary Ед: and Socially it is TIOTE - Et të LISË
 
 
 

clu Imsil CUF) ning, ottish (g subtime, a stitio, a pathetic | stupid anachronism, ce of buffoonerij али hierogliphic for the
o civili Ged ............. ss. Struggles in France).
NO
Tisaranee GunaSekara
\
S
le, rig Story from the Claly ha per Ed in EylՃrll in thE SECOnd ieth Century, B եՅTE way from the 21st THE I EJ || || Ircl} ccording to the frrig Lwy i Barreg yr El Jad Wiki Egl"
1 B SIEB LI II was, 10W LHB proble. In ; resu|Wed || EHE SLFP
saj jf SWMWRDD :ew To Be inti tiis lira r-ria FRID" S CIES: EITT SOTI tDF Charld Tika HCTIF lcd eno-Lugh tO wOtell] HEr ITLDLH) en to telke hip of the SLFP by 3 to save thathta's a C e COLP a 5 the D's Colusi. Felix Dias
tä ETE
JEF UFFFFFFFFF77g|7 : | Which fira|| y decided FP Brid էly exterisic r1, Titry, a Tid its peoples,
rticle LIE) is led in producti Dr. Jf this it 35 lakis, Politically TS it helps us to better
Lirid ETSLETidig Cf LF "indecipies able Pierogliptic' Marx, the Baldiranaike-Rawatte family, the SLFP.s. artid today's FA, JC Wefrifierit.
RIM TA' GWIRI
In the htginning there were thits= LLHHLLLL LLLL LLLaLLL LaaL LGKLLLLL LLKK Who prospered Hike sÇı Tarıyı baytr Bes during the period of British occupatio baү тhe simple Expedient Life being faithful lackeys of the Coloniser and supplying the white masters with a LLLLaL LSaaaaLLS S S L HL LL LLLL LLLL Kaaa LL Sinhala patriots, tC EIE Phant 5 HFI buffalo meat. Prominert HITIOrig thes= VJETE the Mahia Wald La F1 TE2 - RåtWatte clan from the upcountry, leaded by the ME HEW:lletan IIE Fat EITiä hatt Eyä, ani the Bandaranaika Obeysekara cla from the loW, COLIJTitry, hearded by Maha Mudiyar Sir SOHO TOT Dia = Bändäränliike (Who Had thE TElicity o being the First SE TWant Of the British THE Tha Triage EDET WEEm SWR D. Bārdara Tajik: Dif Hidrog 0 || Tid Siri TT Rat Watte af Maha Waleta Ting Was E significant for Sri Lanka as thEinarriag: Էյք է հոյ - Erl Is Hէ Է||E tյf C. H. stilE HTiը Ferdinard of Aragon was for Spain the Tharriage betWeert Henry Tudorant Elizabeth Of Yūrk Was for Engla Pri... |

Page 7
laid the foundation for a new political dynasty which has ruled Independent L LS K LL LK S L L L L J S L aa L0 KJL LL LLL years and Counting
In Sirima Bandaranaike's DiTi-Camera WEfsson, SWRD'S lifa Cortaint-L thr:EF important water marks - his marriage, his splitting of the UNP and forming of thia SLFP and Hi5 a 555F5Sinatifli | Tid EE ad MS. Banda TāTIKE sF1Ou | fd EE. t;t rigraւսlated On tElling the Li Tiwarnish Bed tT LI thi, atlas Li tillat SWFRD) La S SSKS SLLLL S a aaauaaa LLL SS K C L progressive and the UNP was reactionary Or because hea Was propeopleапd the UNР vvasагti-people; ELIT bJE ČāILISE thought L S S S S GmCaHKC LLL LCL H aa aK LL tlaptive him of his rightful place as the Ext lead E. Of HIE LJNP. LLLSa SLLL LLKLSLL L LSLLLLL S LLL LLaL SHK LCKK LLYHGHH CTK CaLLuaaCCCLS LLLLCLL C CaCuLK a LLLLSaaa SLLLaL S SSSLLL L KK L LLSL LLLLaS G LK doing, he wanted his son to succeed him, and not my husband". In other LL L S L LC aaa S S H S a LCLL hւnger and not principles or love for Lhe paraple which Ilade SWRD turn Briti UPP Split the UPNP and form the SLFP: Contrary to the popularly held belief That she Was firmly kept olit of politics WW1 Bar SWARD WES aliWe, LLLLSLLLLLLLL LLLL L LL LLa KLta LK HH Laa SLa was involved in her husband's political Work from Thivery early-Orn = di:Fring the 1952 elections "Wallowed film zo go round the country and looked after his alEEէgrate" |rlly Emphasis | fi |
1956 The S | Berit REJECI-I til Oil, as the ՏLFF – Left laցand has It) Cornes and goes, without a single mention in the documentary, Amigit|net notable K S S KS SS L S L S K S LS CC Balawegaya, long believed to be the main pillars of the 1956 Wictory SWRD is assassinated and at that instigation of Fis lephey Felix Dias Bandaranai ke K K SSKSK SS LL L LLLLLK L LK S Chirm difiki a mill Armi Lira , Siri rria Bandarairaiketakas Over the leadership of the SLFP and leads the party to Victory in the general elections, The r = Hser for this wictory was the sympathy wave for the grieving widow - "When spoke the Woman Cried; Women supported me fully
Otherwise I couldn't have won". Family ties, Widow's Weeds and Copio LIS tears, not principles or issues decided the fate
tյf the country.
The dO CLIT E Tita |Titler WeyWs With NME HEr Off Springs an viewer 10 St Is the Centris II. T. F.T. ThE PIOEEC:tOs 5 Everything depends include 5 thF3T ja Ee Ef the Family "the part El Die Ces", Th.Er TELOIT Of the title such as D. M. Raja Senaria ya ke and obviously none of CIJFTbināti|| || FTB d W} to keep the part COriträtts ITTHTka | Aist i Fig. If all E - if thit Bandara Fifike TE "quiVering masses Շategory of hars In CIJFT Firilir ETG Frid it MS.EarldaTäTäikg guidante, Iluring Uprising.
FAMILIALI
LLuis Alth LISS er Ideology" The disi Tigers of the TT their serist of being - not der TJCreatif:a|| y բBople, but by birth 5Erige Uf thleif (is, Chandrika saүs tha "variate Batter |ntird we Ed, gTg LIrı dirig, the bo AF 7 E F# talk:El Clift Lurr Walau Wa the family "EE Flawated tp m բըEitions in the la occupier precisely b betrayed his court into a TUSEUm: "I A idea of Lurringiti the future generat ter FOFITEI Ea extremely proud thi leaders of independ DLudley, JR and Pi DOS OF SLF - Bandaranaike highli է Eing a farTitly apia! final Barks: "... . tog effier with Fr72
ρσινεrful group, mι
『FP-----
 

y is based ton Bārīdārā ikg ā
W lat Sirk E THE extreme family lly is the Creator, d LF Ba Siwi Co Lt. on the Farity. That Ba SLIFF : Writt LIL y WWC Luld ha WE gone 1 Է rigt a single giants of the SLFP paksa, Maithripala T. Bill langaratne; them singly or in Hat Was nELEssäry together I this With the UNP), tՃuntry SլIrlBլիra | Es how the " (this interesting luded the Service |1 |GP) ed tra or leadership and
the 1971 JVP
DEO, GY
alied t familial ECL IISE. Of all four ily clearly indicate THE Clif Soft Oflag by the Will of the || 0 til Far WCFCdS a |rie right to rule, | all thre 3 Children han flicist people, իցլյHլ է E ըf the E다kground--- ing the Hրքըgola SBat tif a man whiը ld of the highest it by the foregro CaLSE: heWillingly y arci his people) as triving with the LI I ITILISELT TI ft T
5ris La See about
ris" HE SOLES BD tele Ft Sri Lanka – DS, BT a da Sa - COUd Estfäl Homé Ms. hts this sense of with one of her of the Childrer, gÈ ! We will be a very re Thaл any other
The picture that armerges is that of a family Which per Ceives itself as Something exclusive, a family pur-sang, a Charmed CITClO The Entry int vyhich is strictly reser Ved for thGSE Who are born to the purple. If your birth is not SLJi table, the firmarriage BVE FI FTñarry i Flyg into the Family) will avail you nothing Thгошgлолт гhe ofосtлптелѓагу гhere is пof a single лталrfол о г the Thға в гттеп LLLCL LLLLLL L LLLL LLCCC CLCCLCC LL KCCCHLLLLHCYS rтаггївd to the two dашghters of tha Farr7/W. Surlethra says that Though Her mother was disappointed about Fer daughters' choices she didn't oppose THEITI: MS. Bandararlai ke reiterates this point. And there it ends. The men in զLIEstitirl IErnaIn annnyTilքus: they arք b) Litt hinggLIITTITTI IEs as tar a 5 the Farily is concerned WaT even Wijaya KLI r7 7 g ri7 TLI r r g a saf Wigrad Ms. Bandararaike's only grarid children. LL LCH L LS LCLLL L CCC LCCCHTa LL KL LLLK LSLS S S S S S K J L S S S S S LK documentary One krovs the names of LLLL L L S S S LSS S L L SK L SLSLS S LL L LLS S LL L LLLLL S YaLL LCa LLL nara of their father Wijaya did not KLKKLSS S SSL S aLLS SS SS SKL S Laa LLLL L LK S S SLK KK Challenged by her som; malt for his Widow who pledged on his coffin that she'll continue. With is struggle. He does niet even exist in and through Fis children; as far as the Family is Con Ceffield, Wayas OWIn Childrendo not take H ft por hiinii, do mot resembla LH S K S KKKSSaLLaaL LL aC S L LLLS LLLLLL LaaKK LKCLCaaLLLLL LLLCCLaKSLLLLKS LLLLLCLLLCLHa S LLLaL L0a K S L aK L LSLS SLLL LLLL KLL LLLK Df th= FarTilly II WCLI do not g=t WOLIr birth just right, you simply do not exist,
What of the SLFP The Farily created the SLFP and that SLFP cannot survive without the Family. The Family is both the necessary and sufficient condition for the continued existence of the SLFP according to the Family. And how should one define a political party Whigh is dependent on the Badarship of a single feudal) family for its survival and prosperity? The picture that emerges is not that of a modern bourgeois - democratic party but a pface of fаттїy property; the family fieldon, The discourse of the Family Clearly in di Gates that It does indeed TEgards EFILE: SLFP as its exc3|Silwe private property. The only point of

Page 8
LL0CCLL LLLLL uC HHCCHLLLLHKSLSCL LLLLLL LL succession, Who is the rightful heir Is it daughter Chandrika ar son ATILITa? Chandrika freely admits that ATLIra is a aaaHa S S uHaHaaKSKLa LLLLLL LLLCS ћагd to give the leadership to Anura, quite understandably because he is the tյրly stri". But Charldrika believes thE leadership belongs to her. EëCHUSë she' LKK S S SS SS S SS S uS L L L S S 0 SLLLSLLLLLL L S S L S LS SLL S SLS LS LL LLLLLS S S S SLS S S LSL "political daughter" and said so, a Շt: Ording T Cld. LLS LLSLLLL LL LLL L S L S S S S L L L L L L S SLLLS L S LK Rat WHttE Is tյrՃւյght into the story as S LLLLaaa L L S LLLLS LLLLL S LaaL LSL question of anyon e Outside the family, However competent, intelligent Or experier:ed, ble Carming thE || EastET Of LLSKS SLLLLK S LLK SLLLLLS O OKS aaa a S S Saa LL S J. R. JEYE WEITETE, R Wickranias|right and D, E, WiյEtLinga, et alone its Ranasinghe Premadasa, The top leadership of the party is the exclusive renopoly of the family, by the grace of birth, Ms. Bandaranaike tLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLS L L aa LH Laa aaaatLL0LLK he is her grlly stin; իսt as far as LLaLLLLLLLS S aaL a LLLLLaLKS SL S S S LL a L fightful theiress because that was the vya'y hier Papa wa mteci it. Bit of Cour SE K LLLLL La La LLa aLLL ttt L mL LL the heiress apparent, in this version LLSLLSLLLLL LL L LLLSLS S S S S LK S S S S SS L K CLIeen Regent, BLIt now that the Crown Princess is of dge, het claim to the throme of Fieri fathi Ber iS irri dispI LI table,
1956
LL LL L S L L S SS YLSSL L S S S Sa a SSLLL aL0 0L S S LLLLLL BEI rieda Taraikes was the First | Imla tivvali Farmily. Alas, Wher Sri Lafka, gaine:Ed ridepend Erice, the Country 5. novy LLaLLLLLL S LLLLLLaL S S S LL L LHa LLK Bandaranaika Obeysekera clan, bul an oltsider perhaps Ever all upstart by the reckoning of the Bandaranaikes. D. S. Starlaria yake Was Tt Of this: LLLLLLLa LLLLLL L SLL SS SLLLLLS SS S SS S S LK CLCHLSLLCCCCKKLL LGCLCCaS L S uLLLLLLS LLLLLLaaaa aLLL LLa prominence Test Èd on their The WfOUnd "graphite" fortune. However D.S.'s El Vatión Was to be a mere interregIIII DLLLLLL LLLL LLLaL LLLLmmLLLLmCLaL LLLLLa La TE-clairii their rightful fi Irid li istig Tica | plate at the apex, this time through the person of Sir Soloran's Only soil, SWRD. When these plans Were failed by D.S.SP nara yake, SWIRD Split the UMP and for Fried the SLFF, Obviously
his belief in his righ ther by the Countr his outrage at their բt <itri Were Էսքի of the electorate p. Hill SET TIEVEI OILI El PCE JIFFt EHC WË Er by his claims to
refirie D.S."5 Dudley's UNP rat SLIFP, T 1 TA' G Colvincing victory E.A., 19 jft|E LUtä| new party finished
1 F; , 5 է: Լյ | | liը է Obviously the Illa di IgE SNRE) wronged her.
SWRD LIIIlika Lith family || ||Barnt the II and thus Edgarith F THE SLFF, T| SL attempts to cultiriationalist image, I allies, the tied Gawardell, t. Fil:|| NM|| E. HE Only policy alth EוBs (OT II וחס LITEם Extray Wallkir C|| III TO THE CLIII the Elector it HIGH || LHH Wake
dE EJECIE WE5 E VE mh OTB iritBell i g Eer1t ELIPOpean aristů Čf W Efe Cha || Brigje Errierg Erit HCL1rge HrtյԼISB sympathy | tյիligEr| tr |ՃSB sl thig i'r tylwyr Inter B51 h=1T T1 =
ECOLITIgE e sie ir til EXPO B Working Cofilurist Mill||||
Li fil T 55 NW RD Firward as the
Շulturally ITIETցimal LIFid Er Esi vi |Eg Ed
Buddhist Tolks, A TERCEFS, PEa Sarit
ThE pp5t 1952 SWRL - LIFILLS1 following descript One of His early || EFE || BādēT LOT the Sali St.S. "HE WE äWä || FHF |E ITIE Fin E SլյբբՇrէ Ճf long Hal
 

LLC). LHELNP's, HIT!d y's leadership and ig depriyeti Cf this THAT THE JCSsibility fefBrrirlig TDLIIchlEaʼy ta ti E. was not impressed SuperTracy. They :hoice by Voting for Het EHET SWRD's | DETI DITE Endeti III i for the UNP. With r:lid y.y3tBS. S"W"WFR [)"3 Յ բgըr SECOnd with tā id t:5. ority of the voters as the rightful and
ET TITETT EGETE. DIT HIS 551 1952 fist E2 tTH ITS FT1CIgrificat ICOTI LFP'S är Ed SWRE)'s) մaԼՅ a բrgցrՅՑՑIVE, IT'S GETICE TOT ETT EGT - Lip with Philip E MEP Fator, LHE Wagaya, the Sinhala 35E WETE THE Eogical rejection of the W. SWRD and his try's leadership by 1952, WHILSWRD of 1952 electoral rol of "at the
ITEITEEfS OT TIE a C y did Wher they d by the Te W|W Disie: "IT Order to hgaristocracy WETE ght, appiагвntly, Bf է HTitl Lt fürrrlL/laԼE fit against the 1E Inter BSL Of the Class IDEE" |TFIE: Besto ), This i5 por=tty did. HE POLIT. Fiii ITSEIF champion of the is Ed Band the Socia | Wo. | an alliantB gf yLIrvELic. physicials, 5 år i 1:7
Jolitical Strategy Cs reminiscert of the ör Ey Adolf Hitler of iՅrՃEs, Karl LLIBցEr,
ANALISTETTI CHITETET as Lick to adopt all for Willing the Elised institutions,
sio as to be able to dari We the greatest possible advantage for his rhoi'w Birm Brit frDril those StյԼirties gք բՃաEr," |ME|rl Kampf), Similarly SWRD's populism was of the Eackward IO (king, reactionary variety, The Hast frarif of this is the fact that SWRC gawe TFE prirTiacy of plaCE il His grand aliance Լt probably the ringst archait, inամarti locking artid Ethi riiCJICĒT1 tric instit Lutican III Sri Lanka - the Salga, The e CrOffica|| y most importart artid numerically largest segments, the Faasants and workers (the direct producers were placed right at the botto III of the to tell pole. It is small Wonder that SWRD's policies turned LaaL aaa 0 LLLLaLLLLLLmmL tH L LLaaLLLLLLLaLLLLSSS
In the SLFP - left legends, SWRE) is romanticisad-a5 the progressive par EXCELETICE, F grĘät intElectual and a aaa SaCLaaLL LLLS S LGLCC CH C LCLCCGL CCC CkaGTGGGC L TTa TTGLLlLaLLLLL LLLLLLCLSSS LLTLGGaaa S GHCHL aLLGHCaaHC HLH LaaaCLLLCCLLH C aa SKLS Y LHLLLLLLL LLLLL LHHLLLLLLL LLL HL HLGLHHCMLL La To Lt. Ca Lise 5 Of his advo Lacy af federalism. It carrior Eje dure to Firs - Cor 77 77 ff fri 7 Erit to der 77 Cracy Car rätt for 7ā/ fлтeгests сэг г/he wa/farg of thвдвод /в - Бвсашsв дугвсisв/y dлгing this firт1в. HB , vy Is oppLSELd to Liffersal fror Lifise, without which derinocracy, patriotist Ers ff. Es wE/ Esrg Lf (IE rasses become rriere words devoid of any rearry. It is difficult to find a single Original idea or concept in SWRE's Writings and speeches. He wasn't a path Bara aktar or a Header who went Against til E tid E. What Il- dirl Was to Tiplefiert. El pale afil ethnocentrigally LSL S S S S S S KK SL S S S S S L S S t L KS SaS Sqqq popular Wave which, originating in 1905 the Japanese Victory Over RLjSsig), Wa5 SWEEpirrig Earts of thiE Third World in the post war period and Specia|| y thië '50s (e.g. Bandung), As for his much valunted progressive measures, it wաքաld է E Frirst interesting to Examine how many of these should actua ||y be credited to Philip GuriaWardane, IrLIE, SWRD's rhetoric Was ExtrETTEIl y Eff BC:t WE | HE: WWFiS - successful rabble rouser. But this too is Wall within the tradition of What Marx and Engels called "feuda|| KL LLSLLLL S SKS SS L S LLLLLLLLLS half lar poor; af Echo of the past, half menace of the future; at times, by its bitter, witty and incisive criticism, strik ing the bCLIP geoisi E to the Wery

Page 9
The CITIList
пен || || ' 5 са Г в.“ . Manifest,
Ef THE Sri LArkar left studied Eric togk its Marxism at least half-seriously, it Would not have had any difficulty in Linderstanding the Taal na ture of the ՏԼFP. The left Eith E F fըrgeլ ցr dËS TEgarded the Communist Manifesta's warnings about Feudal Socialism: "the aristocracy, in order to rally the people to them, Wawed the proletarian amis-bag in front for a banner", The Laft' s mistoricaption TEEached such ludi CrOLIS I EVals, it Was said that socials can be built inder the lëadership of the SLFP. The Larikan Lleft"5 Cardina || Sir Wa5 Tot that it Erlig Edged in ClāSS ICC|laborati CrisT1 a Tid tailism, but that it did so with a party Imageлтол/sed by a fешda/ Meadership алd fdgology; алвлггy which was far Гтлогё гвасffолaгү алгf retrogressive than any modern hourge ors party. In rs, E. LFrker LJff Lyās arc fs гушїв unique,
FEUDALS RULE, OK?
THE SLFP was and still remains the exclusive property of the NDC1 feudal clan of this Country. Its progressive" aKS LLSLL aLLLL aK aaaaL S S L L ätterript to wir the vLitärs away frort the UNP. Its ultimate objectiva is to LaaLLLaLS CmLL CmCaaaLa Haa LL LL the Capitalist system and multiparty democracy (Het alone the national Or THE DELple's Intérasts as ff. Er rL/J of the Bardara raika - Farwatte Clar. As Chandrika herself claims, pastics is TE} to Li siirress of TF7E3 Farri i/y ". År electoral defeat is therefore always perceived not as the logical and Inevitable res|t ofa Competitive Tulti party der TJ CTEC y With Willers, || CJSETES and the rotation of elites, but as the (LITCCITTE tյք 蚤T | 'r Eactico Tary") Conspiracy to da p2 TW2 the COLIITTITY Of its right TL || Lulers är Cid the Family of its rightful inheritance.
LSLLCCLCLCCL LCLK L CHL HGTLLLLaLaL LLLLL LGHHLLTS LL LHHL SKHL SLLLCH SL SYYLLS LLYLH Veä eder:SFF7F7 -- Which has perCollated Tot just to the rank and file. The Tibers but also to thB traditional and ayam segments of the IEW) Left. The UNP is seen not as a legitimate opponent BOLJIL ES Earl LJS LJT FET, 5tgaling what rightfully belongs to the Family a
": TE TE LE Engaged in, Sirit SWR DO TTJTI SI :: leader of the IFIP). for that extremely :) fi Frar 1 LE LI TIEĦ | s | SLFP regiĪTIE SLEG FE WEAF MOW FFE LFF again", This Is tht | TOWärds the bourg tle TF 3.
to 5 EE TEN IL LI JTJ JT til: Cromwell. It is the EJEl IEVE they hawe a towards Considered, by di. S.C.0b Eysekä ra (c - OEË y sekera açılar SWRD) is suppo CSP The Intgrost of th COITIPradore bourg "Nobodigs trying t This eloquently e UNP leadership a political activiti. perceived by the F di Salto
The SLFP 5 CCTTL Telt tire NETHEr tHE SLFE any Fea | Commitm COLIITTY COf te thile : Which is why they align therselves v. Systemic forces in
JCW Er -- EWE if En daringer the mai (dermi OCrati C: 5ʻyst E h:Fiper leid is the list SLFP. Estabilished Eli HTE Vjith the SysteriiCJI WP tard wiol Britagitational i Which LL fled into E JWP that pulled out EFTE SLFPI THE PE fill respect the rule Syster Ti Bit | 13 r., | CO || Sider Bill to + definitigri. Therfor UNP is al Ways rega änd, Illegitirräte Ey 50%. Df thị: Gl:CTör The LNP it is neve חחזVHםate gוח1Bgiti 12'w gr fegi tir Tiate = LSL ration - in the As a result, from electorate displaces
 

has consistently a D.S., preverted : eding him as the TIS Is the Täti(Irale ti-dericati and Dgan which Every ifies to "we sha IP to raise its head atred of the royalty Boisic; it is akin to by the Bourbons 3rg of the Frgic
St Lartis LCVT dS lätter af TOSE WW FC divine right to rule, engers -- Who arā finition, usurpers, F THE BITH TETE ikE and a LICE Of | TO Hä We di STTISSEL E newly er Tiberg Ent Boisie in politics as bJE GOTTE bɔ di BS"1. xpresses how the ned their tegitiiTTiate BS WE TE äFC Fré Family, from SWRD 1Wards.
only authentic ore is to the Family. mor the Family has Tilt et HEIT t t Iemocratic System. * Cdc3 TOT HgSitate to Ith ExtrêmIST, antiOrdet tCO TEdCaptLrE) by doing so they "ket economy and Hat שהו 15 13ךTT , וח ל te "80's Wher the a close working Ti urderously antiengaged in Inint, Campaigns som E of loody riots. It is the Clift Fig a IliāTICE, Tot ily and the SLFP do s of the multi-party The 'People" are Ea anti-UNIP by early victory of the Taded as fra Luciul Erit Er WE TL tär a te weat B5, freely for 1 perceved as the Pent, bleCaLSE it is and is always a eyes of the Family. EHF (TEL THF, : the Family and the
SLFP from the seat of power, LLLLYLLLLGCCH LCCLCCCCLLK LHT KKHLC LL the garrie, instability, chaos and aven la F1 archy F. Old PRO tErrors fOr the FarTli|W of the SLFP When in Office they are always authoritarian, repressive and KL SS S S S KK S S LSL L S S LL 0L challenger, the UNP acts in a LLLJLLL LLLL LLLL LL L L S S LLLL a S LLL Office, they are always insidious, UITTBStrained, disruptive and iris Espt-irisible.
This Essential nature of the Family and the SLFP also explains their propensity to implement political and economic policies which are fundamentally damaging to the country and the people, The fact that the single most destructive policy CLI mi poli Bece of legislation in independent Sri Lanka, the Sinhala Only of 1956 was the doing of the SLFP is an excellent case in point. That the Constitution of 1972 and another grotesque brainchild of the SLFP, the Standardisation policy, laid the ground work for the conflagration in the North and East which is still raging (and which cost Rajiv Gandhi his life). Other examples LaLLLLLLLa LLLLLaLLLLSLSSSS S LaaLLLLLLLaaLaLL LS LL SS a SSSS S SLLLL SS SS L LLLS enterprises Byen til Lise Of Strategie national and for popular interest to foreigh Capital; and her atter Tipts to impose the drastic devolution-actually, regionalisation - package on the country, even using unilateralist, antide TT10 C Tati C., anti-Constitutional LLLLLaLLLLL S S LLLLLLLLS S KSSL CC CKCGGCC LLLLLCS KK we know it is a hourgeois construct and Herefore capa Fle of солтгттагтding tлд Noyafry of a fвшda/ SLLLLLLS LL LS LLLL KLGK 0HCLLGLLLLLLL SSLCaK fecerit de CaratiCT of the President thält the Constitution is a mere piece of paper which can and should be thrown Out İf It ITıpedes her forward Tiarch should also the understood in this context, of the characteristically feudal monarchical propensity towards a solitis, Untrammelled by a Written COStitution,
This perception of themselves as the Only rightful rulers also explains why the Family and the SLFP are so insersitive and un receptiye to popular Sentiments. In 1977 they were the läst to know the ha VOC W reaked by their
Closed eCOT10 miC police5 and 器
See age

Page 10
La S L LLLLSYSL LL LLLLL L LLLSL S LLSS LLLLLL S LLLL cologerlari III Aprillast year Cilly che thing was missing in the wide range of official celebrations staged in her honour. LLLLLL LLLLLL K LLLLLL LL LLLL LL LLL LL LLLLLa S L gämc Several months lifter her birthday. The Hour-l'org docilleritary, sponsored By the BMICH and shown recently on Rupa Vällili, took Is throught Lille Illlllll features of the life of the Grand Old Lady of Sri Lirik:Hni polities, Whil Hitle Wer debate there may be on the substace or text of the documentary, the professionalism with which it was presented Wils well abwe Rupawai's normal staldards. Who the director of the documentary was remails, Lilfortunately, a mystery, but the credits told Listhil the photography was | NCIS: FISCIT;
Those who designed the fill took the Viewer thrott, Mrs. Bill darinaike's childlı Jodi Balangeda, Eller School days | Ratna pLura a Ilici St. Bridget’s Conventin Colombo, lt, lier tirinitilit entry inter national politics as the world's first LLLLLL a LLLLLLL LYLLL S LSLLLLLLLL L S LLSK a S LLLa present day, Sri Lanka's political life being Willit It is, and Rupa Withini bicing what il is, Orle COLLld not have expected a "Warts and all" study of the carcer of a II individual. B Lt Cle El dicLILLET:it:Initiary is Screerled the visuals and the commentary LLS LH a LLLLLLa LH S SLLLL LLLLLL cycliiid cal Fan seeind hille:Aruullich more Eli: El Producers, directors :LIId caller, the Hill tellided to EDI Vey.
Tit documentary was desired, rill I Filly enough, as a celebration of a life in polities; in tentionally or LILINintcnticornally it became a celebration of fairly politics, or of families in politics. The LLSLLLLLSLLLL L 0 LLLLSa SaaLLLL L S YS LLL L the film, and disregardig their Current
political status inds quito rightly, glWCT1. Il animalintoftine, Hindi վs miller բlayers cյ11: ITC EHET W.H.& Lille ICE-|| FEELLIJifte il CICLE Troi'r MI5. Bi:Lloedd:||1||1
makes E. Erief MITFSWEE til F'ITTIIN MISI 1960's Wille || Mrs. De Carme File:MITIS|
any other person a
carter III բtilitics Seur Fict Hex |F_7Hij F7,7 Ve fille WISEITIS. gTIFTCri Prüficers CIFFTA
| երբեր լրի: Իլ Լիլյ"| 1#F 1F 1FF, F, F, זו שלrry Prrer) Ler fJישTr/ Jr. n. Trys 77 sific: ' . III', 'I', if l:Lk:IOIIII of th. LÄS SCI FT 7 I FET FIK LI HITC Efs preserif, fFr // if III FT J / Free 7
Este SP длу теті готт от f/ i Tel: "Jedi. Për Free Ft Lillic: TV5 LITT Afrr:5. ARHIJiří IF ect III || Colled III || ||
through Mrs. Banda
it Nalayakkara who
ILIKeT"ini I TISY:II (3. N: Y Very plebi:41, after a |Flat title Chairmá
Association of Villa;
Bairlike Wils
J'JITIE11.
THE FILII LICE: FL1|| cijf MTS Band:THIL
 

2ANDARANAIKE
29CUIII en TaRV
HistoricLIS
Eilding, they were, JFE JOE'IES; L lic: SITE hey Werell ti'Eiited ståge in whicht the
point. One striking Ellary Washa apar hike's brother who էբբtarant t, and Etti'Til IVF 's office in the early Elias; Like first er, there was hardly is scated with her or eyellentitled. File:F EFFEIFE, FTG
л (deph Hдd ffic ( ):յI't LIN the Iելrties “Co T7/7/Ijo 1776-77 III /767 5 liller ofeleife | e n
リ Hof Hegescm If I Will f' 55" celf III
Fir' felf, '/'; if tlic" färr Tilly's FAST, I r II, III" LI L-Artis field II, II, II I, II titled a terra L'If' ill, Ekiç İSLIÇİÇİ HTİ //IE ER ET GIFTETT TÄHikes, ikel, inti ta 'tiċi III II: CbIEiH. IT iiVid LTH IS com Fmmentary and Italia like Herself, Was Iliad SEL" Wed HS matchLyakkiri WHs lots locCalische Was, at 1 of the All-Ceylon Collic Els Wile:Il MIT Mist. G. L.H.
y Elcrlds two strinids pike's heritage, the
Baildaranaike ald Madu will Wala. Weyangda and Balangoda, The Visuals CHբture the essence of it through the grand houses associated with the two families, at Balangoda, Nittanbuwa and, of course, Ciliation Gardens. This, FITs sic†uses 7.771 frff (he foLIII retary so the firit is cre the 21, It F/Org FF FFYNFYA FTIT EL LAVA ENCY377 Casin Efficrof The files / stypporting tсfелгілі Шtis celebrлдіргі стf family in politics, p; farliv. En lities.
LLL a S S a S0 a SSSS S L SLL LS SSSLLLLLL L L LLL LSLS S substantial achievement in the political history of this country is the facility. With DLuuLaaLaaS SSJS S L L S aaSLS SSS aLLLL LSL trilliplied over, limitations which could hiave tecni fatal III le cast of A perso Wilhul limälestreigh of chariler Antong thelse linitiations Wils the IITiv b7;l ck:::TOLIT1d From Which1 shili: CHTIIu::ATId the lack of Hrything more than a good SECChlidir y caducation. In placing som Luch emphasis on family ind grand Houses the anonymolls director of the Filuti hlas show a surprising lack of discernment Fleis not the cally corte to bolilimci for this. LLLLLLLLSJSLSLSSS K S S S S S aLLLL LL SSL L S LS LL Y SLLSL Kumaratinga herself claiming that the family was Lillque in Sacrificing so Ellich land to the public welfare she described ilusa few “thousandacres", ranging from plantations, lo Lindagam, froml villalle assets yielding regular profits to what used to be called "Wasteland". No doubt La LLL aa LLL aa LLL LaL LLLLLaL LLLLLLLLSL Lilder the land reform legislation of the 1970's when Mrs. Bandararaiki was head of the United Froll coalitical goverrillerit. One of the promile it telliters of that Collilio II, DI Colvin R. de Silva, telected this argument of sacrifice in a speech he Trade in the National State Assembly in 1975 the point he made Was clicar

Page 11
enough, that to land-cowymier Wici lesi LLLLLL L aaLm LLLLLL LLLLLL a aLLLL LLLLLLLLSLL LLLLLL S S LLaLLLLS aaKKSa aa LLLLLL L L a L L LLLLLL by an act of deliberale state policy and tillere WHS FJELL I4g vol Lilitary a bhliai || III. Thrist reniել է: wrս էլ dl rլ Եttt at LLLSLLLaLL aLLLLLL SLaLaaLK KLLLL S LLS LLLLLJS a similar claim of voluntary sacrifice of land twenty one year carlier.
While associates and political allies are generallyignored In the film, sonte of thc ma prolinen of the Bandaralaikes political opponents artilenticled. There was a reference to L1.S.Seriāli yake Wrinci LIV է: depori Wei S.W. R.D. Bandarānai ke of his political heritage in order to instal Dudley Selinayak as his successor. There were referenice ta J, R. Jaycwardenie ad lieb, R. Premida sa NatLItalyerlogh, there was SLS aaLLLL S a LLLLLL L LLLSS S SSSS LLa S L LLLLLLYK S aaH the two of their, Ray Wilrderic inflicted on Mrs. Randarinaike a crushing electoral defeat, the worst Inter career, Wiell Commission of Inquiry appointed by his Sovernment at her request held against her, she lost her civic rights and was temporarily excluded from Parliamentary polities. The Te Wasalse R. Premiadas: which hids latched a Victory over heril 1988Sa0000S LLLLLL aaa LLL LS S HG LSLSLSLS S KKL H. leuch of respesilic knowledgement of political skills in the case of J.R. lye Wardene, the references to R. LLLLLS LLLLSaLLLLLL SLLLLS aLLG L S SSLLLSLLLLaaSLLL Mrs. Randaranaike proceeded to make a thcLightless Lominental the Violent death he suffered and attributed it to the play of karma, the natural consequence of civil deeds, Coming as these "enlarks did from a person whose husband had been the first prominent victim of assassination in Sri Lanka's recent history, ind whics: sciil-lawid Suffered asimilar file, orie Colul di Lothiclip feeling that With regard to 5լ 1111 է: individuals, at least, Mrs. Bandaranalike could not really LL aa LaLaa L SLLS SLLLLLLSLLLaaLLKS a SS LLLL
background and upbringing. Ar." It lielie" frī tie Vis ir kātipri f3 Cc6 37 War Ici corpore F, f;&, ̉ selli. Hills WCs." Caste irre Liss Pickgro (Is Were CISEici ussy different from Mrs. Endarinikes?
Frar page 7
resultant anti-gove Was sweeping ac the documentary, former secretary that Wher qui estĪGI ՑիE Eիցլյld be tյlt hear, or the truth, WES "GO SIVE IT te || S. THE "What I W fa CLS, HOWEVET, dt what was happer էիe econtrily and t| 70-77 period, Eith didn't kW - I advisors and off telling her the trut The LTLITh1, but ch05 it or to disregard it gD WET I 1 ITh ETT TO C} ignoring the public 3 fi tliEar policies, Lin restrained, all բrogramma. This | Libli Seriti Erits OLJtCIT g3T th1e F F35 EEEn Ch05En El lead the Country,
SLFP WIS DU DIE
Despite the diff DErfé Lof Cars Er 5 гвgardfлg frs inhere ff5, rose for Sri Lārs Bandaranaike says wgle for a Bandarar which party the ca However historical
a 5 these fra Ct5 : Jr || selectoral correctn. of Drey a ver SUCCESSOr, The SL O'r dri77 a'r Wlff y rhag -
ffe eff, rever su frrore vGfeS shiff DL L'MVP, THE LITI elections was me 1956, the SLFP a Tor E WOte:S tid T1
43,7%; UNP – 3:1 % İnlı TTV İnted that It wriya: by the Harlal and D and led by a COT BCCentri Cleade, Si Considering Sir J L:Dridligt and Ever di5COL SE, il WOLld defeated himself. CF f'f5faff ffeg LWWW Veaders fried for fir occasior 7 it parcos/e/ /
 
 

Finant Waye Which jSS LHE COLIntry, In MS. Banda Tārā like's |IDD Peris; O || ims ed By Hirt, Whether What sh: Wats to Er instant IESքgոSE from people who HITT LJ || Bar". TH16
nota dd Up. Take mg to the country, |e peopla during tha | T. MS. ETT Täik
WCF Ca5 let rials arred by lot |1 cor shE was tpid either to disbelieve
Chaldrkä äFls Er
are completely opposition to larly
particularly the out privatisation ck of response to IS EOLJIt the fait Lu Tal mily's belief that it y Virtue of birth to
Y SENANAYAKE
Jrer fos, IFFre is vs ir r Hi El Farm Fly атташдогеттасү апон ал доМ/ffics, Алшга hat the people will alike irrespective of she represents' facts belie him just incingly prove the 55 of D. S.'s choice SWFL)./ Bis his FP. Wilheffier sirg/y солtest pacts vvїїf: :ceeded fл polling adfey Ser 75 7A yake s of til 1952 tion Ed beforo, Il | Coalition dici po|| the UNP MEP - ; but We must bear a UNP. Weaked idley's withdrawal pletely in organic, Chri Kotelawala, ohn's Outrageous morB C LitraցBOLIs COrr ECT to say he fter that the SLFP * Lorder D Isleys "as arтгт огт еvary 55 Ly. Te5 Tfär 7 WG
LWP:
1960 March - UNP 29.4%, SLFP 20.9명. 1960 July - UFP 37.5%; SLFP 33.6%; 1365 - UN P 39.3%, SLFP: 3024 1970 UNP 37.9%, SLFP 36.9%
These facts flot on y prove tie COTECtrless of the choice D.S. Tade; they also contradict and disprove Anura's Clair 1 about the peoples preference for a Bandaranaika". In fact, the Bandaranaikes succeed in polling sinorE votes thar the UNIP insily thrite i and only in extremely exceptional LLLLLL L LL L a L S L aaa SSS K LLL a LLL LL KKK El d by in Organic and for Weak anachronistic personalities: Sir John in 1956; D.B.Wijet Linga at the 1994 GeF ET3|| Elections ärid Sri TT1B Dissaria yake at the T99 A Presidential Ee|ECTIOPIS.
WHAT THE BANDARANA IEKIES THOUGHT
The documentary not only helps us to Lindarstand the Bandaranai ke Project, SSS SSS 0 S S LLLLL LL LLL LSLS S L SSS SKS SSS concealment and enables us to see the mer Inbers of the Family as they really are - arroganէ, բretentitյԼյs, and pELtyminded intellectual featherweights. Even their vocabulary is far from being extensive Take Ms. Bandaranai ke's reflections. On the current sit Lition: "Prabha kara T1 is } a quite differenit Imām" (1): "... We Carl win over the Ordinary Tamils... I am not saying to give them Everything.... the probler is how to satisfy them.... they are very demanding.... no government car satisfy them". Also illuminating is MS. Banda Tana İlçe's Ç0 mm arıt that Presidant Premad a5a diad a Violelt death because of the 'wrong things he did'. This for the WOmar whose husband and Son-Ir-la W. W gra assassinatedl ( May be she thinks these KLLL LLLL LLLLLLLaaa KL LLLKS SKMGLYL are goes by Ms. Bardaranaike's brand of reasoning, ther scores of great historical figures from Jesus Christ to A Ebrädfär 7 Lir7 color 7 af 7d Malat ir P7 a Gä Fadili LLLLLL GGGLCCCL MLLCLYSu LaLJCLL LLLL L LLLLLL "wrong things' they did.
Then there's Chandrika Who believes that her mother's regime of 70-77 Cour tard or page 19

Page 12
HB VAKIN NIRMAVOBANDARA
MANIKSANDRASAGARAS
When Tyr Of Ire Fermando Was Minister of Information and Broadcasting in the D.B.Wijetung a government, he KS SSLS SSL00L S SSSLLLS S SS LLLLLL a documցntary բrt gram files On Outstanding politica personalities, PTCSIdenta la Ward Winringfilm maker Manik Sārī drasagara Wwas pickard as ProduICEr/DiTeg:tJT of th1BaSBriBaS Eb y. ITN4"S production Consultant Ramjan COOray, Sandras agara Wanted total artistic LaaaaL LLLSLL LLLLL S a L a 0 LL L SS K La de Gided On The Tirst twd Subjects. President J.R. Jayewardene and EELS SLLLLL LaSa a S SSS SLKL LLLL KSSL K S LLL S S S S K L aL approved Sa Indra Sagara LL LHHLLaaaaa L L LL LLLLLL aLL CKS production, Elections Interwered a Fidi the UMP lost and the project was 5 TE|WECH HOWEVET Sandra Sagard ElBild already commenced work on his OWI steam. Recognising this, SLI B thra Bandariana ikel who WaS CO-Jridirha ting the project C Cortir Lied to Werk With Sandrasagara in spite of the fact that |TN sponsarship Was rigt forth Carning, SIE tra Banda rarakahia di al ready arranged for the Bandaranaike museuil to Sponsor the production,
L0L K a KS productian work and actual taping If the programme - i.e. a period of two years - Sandra Sagara suffered from a LK S S aaa L S SLLL SSLLLSS GHLL C a aLCL again embarked On thE production he TECLITT TIETEdged that SL rii|| Sitt Lima, yaikEd E hired as producer Lourdertake the administrative aspect, Sandrasagara yould retin DVB fal artistic Control.
SandrËSaga ra had
իIs Interview" բrc:: Mrs. Banderaria Jay B Ward ET E TITI E
| ЛујLIC HE THE BI
İT TE WIEW, äTTILISE, I make his subjects their CIWITI story III
F5i. Si E5 Ewery TT14|| CractOir:S LH kad
HE էնB|Evցt that
best performers,
le COOSE to El |[[g TWC, WBF E F | programma, The E tell the public th Ca IITETES WUJU|d bB Wis ta kimg ] Sitt Lima ya ka" s tĘ WOL|d persona prքgramma, That
Sandrasagara BET da fäTia ikES, EE them. The intervic the përformances is a fi a LldīO WIS La ta lās ped colliā Lī kā
dE |ri fact it B: Ճf Tirit dern day բ: půst colomial elite, Meyer, Michael OEEySEkara have their published W
TNg days befare Brutjutitlgri at Th
 

NAIKE
VERSION
decidad to SETLCELITE raries with both kf Erd Fr ESISIT
particular Way, Ha Ilat. W 10 WOL|d taole, persuade and relax in Order to tell til Eir Gyri Tirritable agara had directed i antil actress EE. || || Ег
politi Cia Fhs - We FĖ the HI || WIET LETIS BOE || GT | HLE HITT 15 g | fr :
בו חL. ון ונוח T זם HL, וך and finaikes would eir own story, The Elector WFE | || FCE, THIS WIS i 5 k. Sari dra Saga Ta ||y help a dit the Was the titial,
Imtar d th= ich ard EWE ry Drie af w5 WEr E Cäsidird änd real. The prograTitle | TERCard If a famili|| y ogntral rolle in Hjst | ls not a publicity iposes the hypocrisy Jditical TETilliES – EHE | Patrick FցBիlgs, Eriը: FREE FTS, GETIH Iaith | der E t HE sämig if
ΓΓΕΕ.
EHE première of this E BMICH under the
LIA HEJ FL File Carika Ġir EIT filari,
Midnik:ՑգHրրերgզrt
reconstrict Elid #FFE SEJLETNICE CF
Utenta HICIEITH FOI FHJ FHICSEALs
Taking ander HJELEEF He final
por IHIE E
patro rhage of the Prim Ba Minister, Sa Ticira sägara Wya S told that this TB TTIE LLLLaa L a aaa LLLLaaHt L aa LLLL LLLLLLLLS
LS LCL L LLa L S a L L K aaCCLLL S a specia|| || ist of p) ED PE LIII dET investigation, File No.33. In a Kafka likg plot Sandrasagara Was Uriable til LLLLLS aaLLL L LLLLHaH LaL LaaLLLLL LLLL LLLL LSLLaLLLL LLLLLLL LLLLLL LL LL LLLLaLCLLLLLLL L aaaa to credited for His work. He was а/so rтот даѓа.
Out of respect for MFS, Balda rail alike worth Sandrasagara had got to like, he kept quiet, ALIra Bandaranaike was aghast. He was made to believe that Sandra Sagara had agTEEd t0 Tlake t|1E programme without a Credit, and was upset when thբ բrՃgrarilnie exceetled K LLK LLSLLCLLLLLLLaa aa LLL aaaLLaaa HIS IläITE |
Sandrasaga Ta do Es mot Ed CCE pot artistic controll of the Tima I progra f'Tir Tile Irii faCT | fondarins it as "a Bad production that wasted public money", "Only the L KS aaC a S LL LSLS SL L S S K S S S S S amateur effort. It is ridged a pity because Flad It a proper direction the programme Would hawe been exceptional.
SaS LLLLLL LLLL aLa La LSL aHKY Eee 3", Says Mark.

Page 13
NASTATE OF PERMANENT REVOLU
TNE MR
IN THE 2.0TH CENT
H.L.D. WIlahindapala
SLLL E LLLLLL H L LLLLLL aLLLLL L LLLLL LLL LLL LLLLHGLL LLLLLLL
When Marcel Duchamp, a great Todernist put his signature to a LIriral It caused more thana public Sensation. | tEst seրը լյE cloկիts abըut ar | Its gif Naturally, this iconoclastic act provoked the question is that art. To a Dadaist Rg Marcel Duchamp It was an act that not only desfield the conveni tions òf the LL LLa aLS K S aaaS a LLL KLL S K LLLLLL пеw meaniпg of arт. Аt the height of Dadist in the Early 1900s, its nihilism was outlined by Hans Arp, one of the Fligh Eriests of this Gult "The important tling about Dada, its Earls to me, is that the Dadaists despised What is commonly regarded as art, Eutput the While universe on the lofty throne of art. Art Carl ble e Will, boring, Wild, sWeet dang ETOLIS, EL Iphongus, Lugly cof a feast to the eyes. The Whole World is art. To dira W. Well is art. The rightingale is a great attist, Michelangelo's Moses : Bravo! But at the sight of an inspired KLLL KHH SS LLLaK KS BraVQ!"
Wester Til art had gane through Imany * Evolutions Էյeftյre - frrյրl THE Gr==: "Kritos Youth" 480 B.C.) Where the frozen human figure, coming dawn from Egyptian art, breaks loosa for the first LLLLLLL LL L KY S SY LLLL 0 0 SLLS liberated from its political and social rigidities, to the Ir Tiprassionists, whino, in the 19th century, Visualised the World tirough the prisir ofight Butthe History of art had nawer s==n anything
comparable to ti Exploded in the 20t Cia. Wrth WELE a C3 ET LE OF TE giant leap into a revolution. Where t the unfettered
Bxpression. By the century AndyWarh Histrawerd art im Campbell's Soup C: Wara 5 latting palinit di to creatë its ON Tlagazine Galled Hir" Duchartıp Himself nihilism by puttin Leonardo Da Vini Lisa, Duchamp's at those WHO r GWEr ei Lisa ES I 55CTICC pch n="pr} n a 2 in raising this trying to impos Encompassing.
definition of art definici E53 de multifarious exp CiffBar Er1 t ELIItLITE3g a
The meanings, the af art hae new . the primitive ՇaWE Tulars of Egypt, cor CFLurch 25 Cf ELFOJ term polies ir1 Lilia : craftsmen who p CCFS al cito thil Earl writ at Ittign at Յ:

ION:
URY
Sunday Observer
it retor that century, in the new dernic rules wer리 WIFT dow, art TOCK 3 State of perfTanent he individual gained ffegger of ge|- | setting half El tից ol, the pop artist, had junk Tlaterial Like at Polic, El ECW Fe Canas designs, TIME
.lack the Dпрper" Brith Orie Dadais
a mau Ethe an |s emigmantic Moria Films, siċċa Finali Siġi the original Moria of Weste at Carl frt what is at LIGSTICF GTB W B NOT e only one, allalmost Imparal Arld Can TF115 Orio Late to cover the assions of art in
ਬਹੁਤ
Values and the L5 es een the same to (1) weier and to th= (2) to the mediawal E Erld TELES ast, or (3) to the
ge to Hill tlBalers at StյլItheby Orbitant pifices the
| CJOItEditTEāSLITEE If the Cris EF1 til CTF sider the casЕ of the primitiva antists. Before the Very latest discoveries of Aboriginal K S Y LL S L S S L Y L S LLLL LLL Tiga EcoLIt 80.000 years, the oldest known eta W = Parlings Were TCLind in the parels af Chauvet (narrad after its explorer Jean-Marie Chauvet) Heartha estuary of Rhone. As to Why these artists ever draw էlicise fighting rhints bisons, horses and |ians about 32.000 years ago is anybody's guess. It could be because LLLL LL LLL L K K LLLLLL S S S S a aaLKL Y served the function of gaining Tagical ECW er over the FLunted ar Tials Of It could have been a "religious" practice to tյrgLiliate a primitive Panthetin Or it could have been airTadat displaying the proWess of the Tirst "technocrat" sharian ) to control the minds and Exercise power over his tria. Or it could LK S SS SS K SS a S SK S YYL SS a SS SSLSS against total obvior.
Later, Wher CL-uiturgass LITTEdith Egreater rcle Of Econding organised grt Lբis ht people and defining their identity, arts played an integral partin maintaining the Socio-political structure, particularly as a meanis LյT |րլtiցttriրքիign to Hg|] the Ideological line of a community. For instance, the monumental figures of Egyptian royalty, standing or sitting in stylset stulpture, Wel = designed to բlay the political role of overawing the citizens into total submission. Those larger-than life figures Syr TıEnglised di Viirile authority апdвагтhly pavyer.
The variety of meanings, values and uses makes it articist impossible to reduce the meaning of art to a singular theory. Each individual artist and each CL tur E. Would interpret and rainterpret art to validate new techniques. perspectives and socio-political needs. At th= state l=\E!, th= corrirruflist sind fascist cultures engaged in what Walter Benjamin called "aestheticisation of politics". Beth Editi Cal CLltres projected their "new man" as serving the higher goals preordained by the state. Art began to move in this direction of serving a centralised authority ever since Sagiety drifted away frgrt primitiv = Cultures. The Centralisation of political and Falligious ideologies insecular and LL L LLL0 LL u LLL LLLL LL HHHL 0 LLLL LLLL LL into a handy tool of the ruling elites. It was a primary means of anaesthetising the disconterited ilmasses and di Werting their attention away froT1 their risery

Page 14
Into idealised utopias dit an ether Ea LLLSL S S S S S LLLa K La aL
raid
Art is also a substit山te für th白 inadequacies of the limited experiences L S S S LLLLLLK LL L LL La LLKK tied down to a boring rally routine Art became the means of experiencing. Bither WoyմeristiՇally tr vicariously. Ճihar WՃrlds which were not accessible to therT in reality, Reality is too limited Ari LL aKK LLLL LLLL SSL LL S LL instance, could very well be the symbol of that deep desire to escape the narrow Taze in Which We are trapped and fly a Way Into other Teatrins, ho Weyer c{ISBStrølas that TTlaybe, AFT |m This s#Flse, is aIso escapism.
From time to time art also leans out as an ideological force for radical changes Artists. With a vision possess the gift of Imposing their perspectives on the respective generations - arid Eeyond. They become the arbiters of ta Este, WalLIES, techniques, rhytHITTIS, idioms and Thetaphors. The White heat of their CreatW= F o Wyer has forced ne W, generations to view the World only through their eyes, Great artists become great powers by moulding the minds of Շontemporary and succeeding generations,
At the turn of this century, art, like politics, science and technology, was HիtյլIl tց Էյլrst cյլIt of thլE EcյրաբրիցիE| da TTs and Flood the 20th certtury With new and irrepressible forces, in fact, the S K S K Ka a 0 K LLLLSL ideological and political tsunams that Ware to SWeep dg Withe century Ir 1915 the Japanese beat the Russians at Port Arthur signalling the ris= of the East as a new political force. In 1905 Leon Trotsky had the first draft of his theory of the Permanent Revolution in his pocket ( tend to believe that Trotsky's creative magination. In Some respectsis superior to that of Lenin. In 1905 Einstein presented his magnificient Vision of Space and timeboy Combining bothin a four-dimensional object called Space-time" (Stephen Hawking). Picasso painted his Les Demoiselles d'Awignon In 1907. And T. S.Elipt's not far behind. This early spring of 20th century Creativity produced some of the Temarkable geniLISes Who IETF THE İr | Tidelibole imporint CF, the generations that LLLK Y SSY KK K a LLL
բhase we are in ri RHä katiff Theirst||E. behind
THE SCREAM
Gongdgf forirista El'Avignon, the Dar Which depicted a | rme a LI Im Paris, Herri TO LITC) - 1901) ցlimpses of | LJ-RET1G IIIElf. TETTa bordea||cos nad Captul Fite series B Pilassi sa W the Dail that changed the a Eris. It is representatier - Though the ang DerTiOSEGS d'A. seminal and experi be the pre-Lյrstյr tg to Tost influential timB. Its later gap so|Ved the perenni: struggling to gived Though SOTe trac back as լից REրել: 1267 - 1337) ar. |"Everything In natur cylinder, the sphere |1839 - 1906), GLE pag tertia||mith Eahları: tor Vas a partner W. բigneering GL EisrTl "ho develap=d II Tein Vigorated and TI he had gone thro, Ef EtG His E. "Rose" periods, d'Avignori he Wade, TEbel||İCLIS Eohase, noted that the "dis In Lode. Was a tot stylisation of the Eao Damoiselles d'Avig hate. Starting Trom developed into an everything in vower T Beautyם חסtiרר Penguin).
It was also a time W felt that the EW a Vision, a TEW idi Expressiпg thв 2 Century. The arti surface FeaturÈS, Fr artitstath=1mpr= the play of light Cin: Hits է բ:ritiլյEtքը

iti5 diffiCLlto tual legacy they left
}F (OUR TIMES
lle LES DEIToisielles ses of d'Aiglor, rt SCEle. The earlong the artists Ise-Lautrecs (1854 Oredom among the e figures lolling in ESC - Cf the Eesti it it was the Way Tsels of d'Avignor it world. Art history a TGVolULionary the human figure. |||E|tes T Lles |ignon Were wery Tantal, it EOFOVỄed tO CLEIST — Fagerhaps, T TJVETIETIt Of OLII Tetric Syr Tretiri Es problem of artists apt to flat surfaces, Cubs to as far :SäTICE att St Giotto | as ||ate 5 Paul as shaped after the the Como" Cazarine |SFTTTEaC:FIBCd iH: TLIII s of Plass Braqu ithi yoLung Picassgir ELtt Was Picass into a fillEdiLIT that adefined art. Earlier, Igп пnood changes Gregolsh "Bille" airid |T Lës DETIGiselles boldly into his most Sir KEnneth Clark FTITIEFE CF te ally un-Helenised dy, "Headdad: "Les non stimetri LIT.ph of a rottle Scene, it enraged Firclast at | Irլ էHE t tյriventional The Nude, .348,
her the young rebels ge derrlanded E TIEW orn, a ne" "ay a Bitgeist of the new stic Explorations of DIT LHE Remaj:55aGa ssionists - including SurfaCBS — Häd DBET) EESİdes, the TI EWY
technology of the Camara Was beginning toin Vädelle exclusive territory of artists. Portrait and scanic painters were about to be overtaken by the mechanical eye of the Carmera. Si Tulta TELLISY, THE W perspectives from other Gultures WEr E invading the musty, dLIsly saligns of Western art. Primitive African SCultures and Japanese art, With their distinctive Cultural techniques and forms, had a lasting visual impact on the young artists LY K SS Y S S S K LL S LL d'AVignon carrymore tra CBS of Africa LLL L S SLLL L S S S LLL S S uH progressed in Cubism He broke ney grOLId. GLEST, to Picasso, Was the equivalent of X-rays to science which in the 1900s had already established itself as a feVolutionary Tears of penetrating Ha L LLL L L L HHHLLLLLL LS Through Cubism he could penetrate the TWO CHITEFSİOral Vereer and go depar into the third dimension of space Lirexplored by any artists before. Other artists before him saW Only a part of a given object. Picasso's multidi Tiersional eye SaWitmits entrety
All artists create space. Within their limited framework, But only Picasso creatari tral Extra dirTension Which Was hailed both by the left and the fight Marxists haled HiT as the Only artist Who perceived the dialectics of nature in its dynamic relationships. He Wasse Emas the artist Who Synthesised the opposites, The right, particularly the religi OLs right saw himmäisiän artist gifted With a "di Wine" eye to Visualise all angles - front and back, top and bottorn, sides and insides |- simultaneously. There Was also the rising competition betWeen art and technology Technology. Was beginning to IITitiate art. Sensing this threat, an began to imitate technology, Toulose Lautrec s snap shots freezing thit e Vanescent moments plucked from MOLITIT ROLlg=gaiĚty Cor despondency WETE matched by Duchamp)"si kiiretic Nude Descending a Staircase, 1912). It החםtiפוח זחLE| חם, חסחaHEaהחcdra 61הון / is a Int|ne TH는 rawerments of Int Were unfolding in Cullistic frames similar to the Totion pictures of Auguste and LLL L S L K S L LLLL LLLL La K LS Were the first to develop a STOOth yorkable technique for taking and projecting moving pictures gn = perforated celluloid strip. The Lurier Cinematographe took Paris by storm When they held their first public perfor Tarice at the Grand Cafe, 14
Corris' for 77 FTIg" 2

Page 15
LISTENI
VVPTT
WOR
This sig i FIESE FCF FTG Fried SLIITvey of Janasawiya - President Raffa5|irghe Prerrad Hisa's pOWEarty a | EWiation programme, which was implementad during the parignd 15E9 - 94. 7/7 E7 A77airi, objective of this sto Lady is tio
= rric Jалазsaviva progгалтгтлв (/твгтсвforth referred to as ISP for the firspec. VairāsāV Cipar Fāres,
T իt JSF իHԷ ԷյEEր = [:ՃոլrtյverSaltopic of discussion and debate frari the tTTE DIT Its inception. This debate discLISSIOT has been joined by such diverse segments of the populace as politicians of all hues, but all crats.
academics and Jo ter, as teen viosa opitioris o Efter sought Far Fiɛ Ir || |HIE : El
WSPW of poorest of the por
THE TITTE WWF Les L. E. יt: sווחםחםTarant BE cally different ec over Today de Wel actively encourage te policy measures Bil-lib ETF lil SFiT ii -i | TTC, LB IIIT is ta' Berli p Li Irish Billi, li T
HH K K S K L CLLLLS tքriմաբted by a fearn Eurnբrising U G. THäkarHTոE Hasantha Sr Senarörné凸nnámpanmaan、Māma、 LYC L YY KK YCCK YYLL S S L L L = r" , Ti r, aL LLLL C S K L L S S S SSK LC CC Hu K L LLu L 0 YY S 0 CLLL L CCCC L uLLL L LL LLL S Y G 0 H CCu C L LLL E. NHBTRוזHaus E& Prograffir חש//B 1.5 Mil|לוח שחrarrime Hלas FrarחלFgatr raports euristitute an overa/ rese Hroh nrograrina Jaurenar Ey II Fir FS Car" "Te LLLLLL CC CC S LH HH HH HHHH H LL LLGLLL La LK L SLLLL FTP
 

CY DEVELOPMEN 3
NG
گ؟
urnalists. However, те дгоup of people | I. JE J.S.P. Welfig ri fajlä C' || ExGEpot Carl OF пs) – the verү реорfа Irfaci" tog jEgr7a fir, th1E ir FT Sri Lanka
Erլ էիր Third Wrյր|- periment with dif*Stef Th5 Df GVBIT rad|- Comic models, is բling trountries are |T|FTit LferT15E| V,5 Based Dr. ECOrionic y Thajor departure frowned upon and istinless Vorld,
= הח חלום שarםלות H) HE
置、f חפץ DE שו/htm/דחליעת rn Fr
The 200 Gitarri Error "aa icrar7i paral/iÉarisii/F= Csarmanpf齿凸 The Janasa Wiya
Gr
صب_
the favoured policy prescription for dealing With the ISSILIE COf powerty Is Faigh growth and de facto trickle down LLLLLS L K SS K S S Y LLLLLL LLLLLS ture' thrown in Welfare, on CE generally accepted as desirable and Bn of factive and necessary bulwark against Instability and ariartlly, has begorile = dirty wird, Third World arid Eyen First World governments no longer have the IIIxury of spending large sums tյք money on ambitious welfare programmes despite the sharp, increase El proverty With al its atendarit social ills. Any pro-poor programme. Which goes beyond the narrow boundary lines laiddo Wyn by nEo-liberal dogma slikely to EE Stigmatised as weltar Isrll arld COT de Timad to death by asphyxiation.
Politicians and Halicy rrakers In the Third World afé Therefore Caught Between a Seyla and a Charybdis On LL K L LLLLLL LY KL K S L LSS S S Lernal press Lurë Din thenimi ta drastically Curb spending on "Welfare" pro-poor Dragrammies and IC COrie:EritratB rilor= or less exclusively or a chieving grc with: Ճ rլ էիl B C th = r harid, pOvertisation and քHLրerization Hra inCreasing rapidly pushing Thorë and more people beyՃnd the pale of the econՃrmy and stյtiety into Economic destitution and social larginalisation. The survival and the growth however uLa K S LL S LL LLK a a LLYS репа опасcepting the policyprescriptions uf major dքոըr agEngles Whith LL L S S S S S SY S S K S S KLLS gre, investrient to our Countries. However, these very same Teasures our Countries are forced to accept in L S S S S S S S Y guarante es, are causing the Exacer bation of poverty and other social illsthEreby threat Bring sցtitl-Hconomic, political and eventually systern c. staffy.
The increasing polarisation of the development debate further limits the options available to governments. A żër Di Sum gar The Of growth yw 5: Equity has, in practice, replaced the necessary search for growth with equity Though paying lip service to growth With equity, the policies advocated by the majority of protagonists in the deLKaa La C LL premise that growth and equity are LL KL KKLLL KS O CLL CHL HCCaL LL

Page 16
i. GTZENS = DEMOGRA
La CHHGHCHHLLLLLLL HLLCL LCCLL LLLCCLS S a LLLLaCaL Fr The irnirria phasias This paraw EBS li li Bateaguard governments of the Third World With very lille rgõri ti Ta TEELTE, If their ei Esperate search L K aKK L L S LLLLaL LL L a L HHH Հքrrie degree, both Exterrial Efirյոքրiը החtriEs/HgEחr Equםחרagttars \sursh as dr is foreign investors and their ow
a aaaS KLL LLL L K LLLLLLaS aL aa LL aa L LLLLL S SS LL LH S LL L LLLLLL Histe alse; thitis, Elliott ass).
The Explosive Issue of púVerty cannot EE Ignored tյr de-քrigritised in LL S S S SLSLSLSa KS KK CCKL a L L KKK scrilE մegree Of growth and dEvalւյթmant, lг1 fаст, гha vвгү success of the LLLHCLLHGLGG LGLaGLHLHLHHHH CLCaaaCCHCHCCCC uO MCLCLCLCLLCLT HLH aa LCCCaTaTCC LLCLLCLLSS Гш/ fiалd/ing Qf Thв fssшв. a paverry, becausa is is the Jr sy effecff"WE WF y Los
surī stāve pat arī 5 Ciā LCaLCCL H LLaaLLLL LL L K LLLHCTaSKCCCHS HHHHH LCLC growth. The challerge therefore is to THSזrהחw Brity Prograלry}E} up with ariff-Brסט LaaLY KCH SGYHL LCLCLCLLC LLLCLLLCK L LLLLLL frá yfirri Lyr Effect, adir Essing at East ԼոB most pressing concerns at the prior. The Solution is not improved tailing" as some would have it beLL LLLL 0 S S LLL HH a L L LLLL de Erwing a large Segrant Of the poor of any sort of assistancE, Narrowing LL a K K S S S a L programarTles Is Ticot, cotermino Luis Witt increasing their efficacy. What then is the way out of this policy cul-de-sac.
ASE, LISTEN
WWE EEUE WE FT || E5 | T MFS for 7 fir 7 g t and learning from the poor. Powerty alleviatiոր բrogramTilas (jannot sutiԵHat so long as they arB fashinneri Scalely bay, Politicularis, EJ LI FELIC FETS 3 F1Cd frr:Eigr Tid local ExEJETITS "Wh3 HE5IVE TO real conception of paverly of the prior.
It is the pögr vilt knry, What their nigst pressing natitis and turlLLLSLLLSK KSK S Ka S aLLLL S SSLS S L SL car 7 it was 3 Vyhlats Holci EE priorit ISBcd and what sligւյlti nմt BE բrigritised. They have their own Faw all Lation of the various pro-pellor prografIFTes impleLS SLSLSSS aa a L LK S K S K K LLL SH Based an ExpIETIETICE, TEAey als ha'ye their own notions as to what the strong ØT WEāk piirits of thes E3 prograTTiTTES LLLK K K LLLK SL LL LLLCLLaa S LLLLL LLLLLL knowledge Culled from practice, from
real|| ||Ife ExperipenGER CHE EIE Ejf tElli Tig
"W" FEL GELEI JE port Eisert 7 is fhiaf ffra סוחו:pם חוH חז; שaskB SCiLight, The CLIrre broken jTily EV IBat - artialis, Erics Stryn to do, thr project in the JSP
Why IESEarl THE JSP Flag TITE ET) Erty alleviatioT. E. חLa| ח5r חו הבוחחבורון tiwi Bally differ Brit Frar programirng, thпош St[[]ng ựựElfafB C{1| LILL-fageted Fir Ցgught It taԼISE ar TIET I TE COTIL alle VIH trig till EiTBC psychological margi irgi ES EJEFTOFFT1a F1CE if|Carlig rit only T to the many other ITEs fa: El With He Lurg Erht|Y ITTIENETEILIWE \ B וtty Lifוחו זםםם HEח Ety willle triբlՅորք | T | - | LTL Erggrammas Tawo agentias,
IIISTORY !
ALLE WIATION
Ir Sri LHsika, EFEI fler" | F pOverty silltë të fi) FILITIlJErns IVGFTy Wer E Implerriert Er derica LiriDid parti : tilfi |||11||1|EllietE FIft T W Wär T
Lars it DNB FCgd thë impler
dist LEE of Cleary indgate til Httributed til k IEEE| ttյritreil and thՅ բ: Festija. ( ) E vivo Lily di TECT COFFEtlatīCJI
ign E a w IIחדוםrj Tavuח is חו 1934, H I majority people regarded tange" as a right B Էլ-լյլ:յլլը:րl liք: Լ:Lյր a right of Eary

CY-DEVELOPMEN
Thierrefore they argia the Englicy. Takers ITE I Yil y. 7TYE: falyBriElyPrbEPri 15 Ern r ||1=1 iTipasse Carl JE. ring frūm ԼիlB քնքr Ely What WWE HEVE Lig this research
th H = rist HTпHititus HavTJJ THE TITTE irripleka, It was gualitaT : Classic .NE fare ]|1. || CET1läfflEd H. 11pgrient. It was a a gram m t: Whitll all round IT prowed|gris Of thE բՃցr hy Ճriքյriilg, so tial anti |it-1||stitltյր, Evg|լյք է: LF1 arge forg is. Of Sig
EEFFIELEEr T. Witt sang daiting id * task of Integrating Br:ori Ormy amirl| Sociinting some version Ira || Fidji Lusit TLETIT Ired by the donor
|F OWERTY:
IN SRI LANKA.
բg|Լյy makers have լէյtյլII լի է լէլ է ԼյT re Independance. À |rofi-TILr fTIE-SLIFES
in the re-indeperLi larly irdLI Trinida Fil iinl Erրիցլի ցt լից Stat:- |լք քրit:1 էիք է լիt L:ք- jJer II GOLIIItE|2||tation IJE SLICH H Elfare prografnnes ie Irnpartäric F| they hing powerty Linder borfro rTlg Betting: LOO they understood the EJEat Weer the prGW = ld political stability. EL EYW EF ES Early ETS of the Ceylonesa It Ed HSSSTid "If TEE EI EITT ETTE FIY me to be regartied as titizeri irl Crawlign: "
|ED - 1934 - 1 ):
THE բոst IritiքրBritiBritiE BBrint saw the L L L a S SY LLL 다. pr- 마다 maurs pr LL LLLL L K L Ha Ha a LLaaLLLL LSL S S 0 LLLLaC0LOLL governments. It must be remembered that Lhasa pre and post independenE zLKLLL LLLL L LLLLLL aL LLLLL K LLu S LLLLL LL ԼիB triւIriTry's filյrstanting Harrrrrliant = H K K L LL HH aK S LLLLLL TIOItality Tate, deathi Tate, Tiat BTFla LL LLLLLa LL LLL L KKL aaaaLaaaaG S LK also important to bear in IT ind that in L S S S S S S S S S S S L S S S LSL CitivHFrirliBrit/State is resբյgrisible for the pցքr, is t|Eggly rցtյted in the Eյrյքաlar psychE and FCI gyfer TIFTETT Carl Tel HEVE itself of this responsibility without incurring grave political risks.
ACGROUND CRISIS OF THE
POST". MODE.
LLLLLS S S S S S S K S SL S S S L aa CC LLL LLLLa K K LSL K a GL Ca officia ir 1977 with a massiv FC Päria mentary r prity, thy inhErited an Caa H C LLLLLL LL FLIT SE JETI years rt Statë Capitalist SKK HGH S LL L L L L LS LL Y S aa aaa aaa a S aLLS LLLLS S SLLLL LSSK SLLS S S SKSSYSK S S LLa a GG LK groυντή , Πιστείας Erl μπΕΙΤΕΙ αγΠΕΠt" Hրլք եւ երրtitlլ II-B, I tՒlբ էtlltitյl Eրrtյ||||E|11 rati. Tie āpti arī peri ir ket Georhimic strategy ISTí Lanka vas the First Third WIND Irld III ulti-party deLL u L aa a SS LLLLLL
f Eit r Margaret Thatchmer or Rori Ħilied Reaga mill by the newly elected UNP TE JETE in 1977, reuted In Epid mi다. Expansion", declirviTng LI Temployment and bar It x grts.
LJJHLCLL CLLLLLL SS GHL S GGTTTTTCHHL YCL CHLHaLaLHHLHLCC TaLaHHGLGLLS TT S S LT CaCK H L LCHGGaGLGHGHLHH LLLLLLLC LCCC KL aHa CLCCCCCLLaLa Caiff ei yrff y By the late: 805. It Wa.5 Laaa Laa LLLL aa aaa LLL 0 LLL people Filad na a CCE2:55, to thiE EJETETTISI of this rapie Lrawth By 138 i Fearly 30% of the population was lliw Erig Belavy the powerty liria. The tiergentage of Income received by the lowest 10% of the populacia decling froTl 22 ir K 0 00 K 000S0LL0S LLLLL LLLLLL percentage of I Cortie TogetowEd by The Fightst 10% of the populace increasad frinri 7 1 - 3 m

Page 17
1990-91", Literacy rates too began to LLCHCCT SSL LLLL G L LLLL LL LLCLLCCLGLL LL of h/gh gгоwтћ wеге поt evал tгfсќ/fлg down to a Tajority of the populace. This Was furth ET EWIdenced by the Gini Cofficient; 0.49 in 7879, O-52 in B18.2 and 0.58 || 蠶 |Tha
frլ էր E F sg |Tլ էՒl El G|րլ Ա (3 = #fլ Էյեր է demonstrates the growing inequality of in COTE distribution. The fact that the growth Oriented open larket Economic strategy which was inforce since 1977) was structurally incapable of fighting powerty and achieving Bզulty was becoming tor glaring ԼԸ be ignored. If the issue of powerty was to be handled successfully, it would ba necessary To adopt. El new policy matrix itis noteworthy that the growth of Ented strategy of post-'77 was not Orly Creating the Tost Une qual Society in the history of Sri Lanka - by the mid'80s it was also becoming incapable of ensuring high growth. By 1985-88 the economy was beginning to slow down drastically. The purely growth Oriented trickle dovun strategy ha d become inimical not only to equity but Blso growth and development by the late '80s. The fast growing JVP led insurgency in the South meant that the adoption of a new develop Tient strategy was IITiperative not Only to ensure high growth and reduce income di Spariti ës, but als LCD Save the democratic political syster itself.
| Wijas || TFG CFL text that Напаsingle Prema dasa, the then Prime Ministar and the UNP'S Presidential candidate, un weiled his ambitious provEfty lä || 3 W latiri 미TCgra T1T1 =, Janasawiya. Unlike most of the UNP's taip leadership Who Were too Idazzled by the Obvious successes of the Open economy' to dis Carn the subterranean Current of growing poverty and inequality Premadasa understood that there was something rotten in the state of Dellako T
In 1988 he appointed a high powered Committee chaired by the Governor of th Centra Bank of Sr Laikā, Dr Warnasena Rasä putra, to study the issue of poverty. The report highlighted t" gravity of the situation and the LL SS S S LL L S SS LLL 00 SL S K S Prera dasa responded swiftly by making powerty alle Wiation the main pola rink of his Presidentia | Election
platfor III.
The JSP Wis bias belief that "devel involves change an of alternatives; or
Several options" (3 signified an Linec FTI: ITT TB TB - Ear, d'OWT1 Which ELITI important a Spect Jaya Ward Eria's BC SP ES DESE. O poVerty alleviation
pre-candition ofsi. and jefuina deve frr:Fred Powery alle 7edfL/rr) rgrrrgזr rס FFT ad fir 77 77 Ediff E fa5, Teither EJB postpoolne
PTE Tadasa had COTICE pati Ort Of Eco', id Britilfig d nlio t I II deprivation but marginalisation a deBboili tEti OT1, T1Eg J designed with addressing all these ārīd Consequences Tant to be a ITILI. It powerty li fil a | | Tidnifestations. pathbar Eak. Er i'r arhij FE first Sri Lär kärl Fr Ed SETER WICF Wg: Orier red and Jr. sітш/taлғашs/y, lп JSP was an illagi EFICI II d'Egid a faldic:: pcov Erity alle Wiatio conceptual level.
The first step of the fa III || IEE WHOSE töt WāS || Bass tha VOC) Of 1118,331 fari| throughout the c por Ovidig: [id With Jahr 1E Certificates TFE Impler Ti Ented in 11
round taking 2 years each family was to grant of Rs.2,500
HcCording to th բrewalling in 1989): into t0 compone dod [] yw BSEryright" |
 

JSP
di On PTEI11 da Sas բment necessarily Therefore a Choice a Choi Ce bEt Wagn | 9.80)- մanasav/ya LIII w Oga | departLITE || dog Tha of Trickle
Lt to be a of Prg Sident J R ionic strategy. The the premises that 5 rifa refputā талва поп дгоит/. opment, The JSP vfaffол fголт /алуу זלrgarש חa טa/ /r) fג COTE WHICH COLuld di ricor de prioritised.
Fil sí i L| | tl - if a C tar tEl Ll erty. Poverty was tly as economic |sta as social nt psythological |SP FES LF. Er Effha objecti VD of l di Warsa Symptons of PJ O'w ferty. It Wa.5 pro nged attack Jr ili 5 ft) TIES EITOJ TIE SP W is a E|1Gr SETSH – It Was poverty al/e via tion? לrםiחקדחfh t:orTSLrטE ז PEL Cf jof drifter tega
other words, the lativë, Linorthodox |ly new attempt at at least at the
JSP Was to Idaritify ם רוחם:thly intחסוח 11 ... A total Liber BS WEE iftfäL Luntry and WETE Sawi ya Erititlement JSP WaS LO DE foLIds. With each During this period El entitlerito a total CLS55250 exchange rate IEr mörth – dividad ITS = COTSI Tiption The consumption
allowan E was R5.1,458 = {L155 36.45, according to 1989 rates) par LL LL LLS aS a SSLLL a L LLLSLLLLLLLJ Bancouraged to save Rs.458 - The Consumption allowance was granted mot in the forrn of mörley blut in kirld. Cooperative Societies were to supply a basket of goods consisting of L 00SL LSL LSSKS S SSL S S S S S L K L LL consumer goods, to the value of LLLS 00LLSSSSLSSK L K L L L KLL SLa LCKLaSL Rs. 1042 = per Tonthi was to be deposited in a bank by the state. At the end of the 2 year period, each family was to have a lurip slim of LKS00SSS SS0LLLL0S SS LLLLLL mmLL S La LaaCLLS with Which they WETE Supposed to Start("upgrad E a Self ETTıp FC'y T1 EITT project. During the 2-year period the S000L S SS LLL LLaS S S K LL L S L S K S LLL L LaK LLa loans from State banks. They were also expected to spend a certain runbar of days a month doing voluntary work un various community service projects.
The Ilain objective of the JSP was to integrate the economically and socially marginalised poor into the development process and in to Society. Setting up Of Self Emplo y T1 EIt Wertu TES Was regarded as the Train instrument to attain this goal - by armpowering the poor economically, Socially did psychologically. This was also expected to create a mass of Small La L K L S S L S L S S S LL LL eventually amoult to a strong, viable and Vibrant peoples sector' in the BGonomy, a third sector, OF1 par With the State and the private sector.
IMPLEMENTATION
The first round of the JSPCOTECed L S L S0000 S L K LL K S S S S SLS LaLLLLLLLaaL S SSS0SSS SSaK LLL LLLLL S K0 LLSLLL L K L S S S LL S 0L S K S SS K L L L L 0a0a L L SS L S0aLSLS SKL S HL LaLL LLS a tööta Tumber of 98,8 CC) familias ir 0K S LLLLSL LLLL KK L LLSSS S L LL L LLK LaL LLLL L a SLLLLS LL LL L aa L S S S SYL L S0L 000 S LK March 1993 and Covered 103,812 and 100,816 families respectively, in 23 and 25 AGA Divisions, The Fifth Ind LKKKS 0 LLLLLLtt L S SS SS SS SS K KLL00aaL LLLLLaaS S LSLSK0LLL L L S aaaaaLLKLLLLSSS
SSSLL LK SaLLS KK L S SYLS aaLLaLLL LLY K L K LK assumption of Office by the People's Allian CC, IE cd by MS CHETIC TikEd Bandaranaike Kumaratunga.

Page 18
N
It is the poor who know what their lost pressing needs L Ill IC Il Certi 15 Are - villat irrr vit and what can't Fair; what should be prioritised a II di what slio Luld not be prioritised. They have their OWFI i Eva Latibil Of the WELT"iOLIS, pro-poor progra T11111 es i IlipleLLLLLL LLLL LaLLLL LLLLLL S LLLLL LLLLLaLLS аtіоп based on expeгieпce. They also have their O WII I notio Ils is to what the strong or weak points of Llı ese prograL III Illes Were/are. III other Words, Lhey have knowledge culled from practice, from real life experience. Therefore they are capable of Lelling the policy makers Walsh LIIdhE d0IIe IIld III. The дгом Гелл (у г/lar they hяте refer feer askers; their opinio Ins have never been sought.
N آير
From the very beginning, the irriplerneritation of the JSP was fra Light With difficulties and problems. For example, there were allegations that the selection process was riot always fair. It was alleged that families with L HHH HHHHHLLLK SLLLLLu LLLL LLS LSLSLLLLLS KK KK Cut While familiĖS EHF Tiirng TTIJ TE EHH FI La aaLaaaLLL LLaaL aaaL LLLLLLLLS S LL S LLLLS Օբeratives were accused of off loading CW duality and Over priced products on FESP familiB.S. t Was also Said that despite state directives, banks of tЕп tried not to give loans to JSP families LaLLaaL KHHSH S SLLLLa L S a aCCLSLaS aaH LLa aLSL S S aL CaaLaLaLaLLCS S aLLaLLLLLLL LL a LaL iria billi Ly Liġi f'LI r nisti g LI ara Fil LJ ris' Collä taifa |
LLaLL LSCL aa LL Laaaa LLLL L Y LLLLL Öf finances Was the TığSt İmpOrtarıt difficulty which faced the JSP.
WHEF Rara singhe PrerTādasä asis Lumed the Presidency in January 1989, he LLLLLLLL S LL S LL LLLLL L LL aLLaaLS S LaLLLLL LLLLLL ecourt of T1, This fig FCed hiril to request Hi extended Structural adjLStirri Erit facility from the IMF and the World LLLLLLLLS La LLaaLLLL 0aCHLLLatmaLLaL0 LLLLLH were part of these facilities III posed a number of Extra Finely stiff constraints om Fremada Sa's de wel opment
porcji grāTTITES, Part W. Wider fing of the origina/ cor 7 cepof LIaj HTT Ff5 : L'IFF7F7"El Jr irriffa prorr 7 isle of 3
பr Str f F3. of each JSProшпа!!! Effer F. L'IF) l'E.
TMF Fritz IIIE F Gi||EP 5 CT1E3 till Williath that the Thorley to TE JSP sille: was facing severe the restarting of in June 1990 bi tFTET EITT LJ5 Fidjit Treasury) did th: Opposition to this PTE Iliadasi Cir Corri furur. 7 fsE for 7. WOuld be givET1 : CE They have a sum Credited to their Så Wirgs. Batık. Hov, De Elb|ë tij WILF1 Instead, a monthly – WOLuld be paid ti Le CEITT pletier Of Certifica Le COL Cöllateral Will Bri TEL Stil E. Briks.
By 1994 a total TäTiili ES III 39 AGA CEJ W Er Ed by thiE Rէ 1 2 650 M|||| pro Vidi rigli "bäskets Farries, Accordin The Jariasa Wii ya Department that f3 TT1 || 35 E TITOLIIT tE Mill CIJFTITUTlity Work Rs l55.89 Mir of loans granted it Warious State community Rs... 1 314. O2 M 2 38:38, 5} էյtյT r tյնք, Progress-Janasaw Departlet,
RESEMRCH M
larget Grouբ
Since our objecti JaTasaviya recipi
 

iCL larly the JSP W. Else re. Jap fегиveел fhe //zafiar Of Fig JSP пд/prтталѓагfол. Tлg галтíng every family 25 000/- нf Thға алr! was assowad so drop, Th. E gJ V Erimi ETT Ce cinthis issue for e Opposition alleged Ould rever be given 5. The goverrillert final Cia COSTEITS thE s'orth C3a St WaT | the LTTE 'Was : I) I1a | E LIFE Fl 1, the Ere Wis exterial scheme. Finally The Up) With al I Lisa : THE TEITTIlIGS artificate stating that h Cof RS,25, O O 0/= I FTIT IS II III TIT 2 PALI | | "WE'WEF, they Wi|| mot dra W, thi 5 TIL TIBy. intergst Of FS.25Ös Each family after the two years. This HSO D B LiSB cd als questing aloa T1 frofil
Liber of 455,132 di Wigiris FlāIEEEFT S.P. A. SLT if
S. 5미터 T1 of goods to thesЕ LD eestite of
COTThis si JTË IS Ital Sawings of the I'd to Rs. 2, 1 6379 he value of the dore by them was T. THE tt || HITTOLIITT to these farmilies by and CO Operati WÈ asks Exced i Ilion be në fiting ET5 (DELEB Lok L-f | ya Commissigners
|ETIOI) () LOGY
We was to get the alt 5 t FETTI EE|WE5 to
val Late the JSP, the revant PIEJ POLlation Was tha JSP far Tiilies Who LL LLLL LLLL LL S LLLaLLLLLL SS GL SLLLLSS KS00LS decided to leave OLL ROLurid W.E.E. Cause It was only partially Tiplemented; LaHmLm C SL LLLLaLmLa LLLHC LLLHL L LLLLLL a blas in the final fin dirigs.
The population was a mure of less հըrritյցEric Lis grl= |m stitiը քtՃritյrmit: terms betaԱSE Only tha բtitյrEՅt tյf tHE D00.r (i.e. Only those farrilies Whose Cornbined stable monthly earnings was less that Rs. 700 - US$ 17.5 according to 1989 Excharge rates) were entitled to Jana Sa'iya. The heterogeneity of the population was in geographical LLLLaLL SS LLLLLSaLaS LSL LLLL S S0aL00SLSLL LLSLS WEare da W1 frOT A, GA, di Wi SiO3 representing all districts and provinces in the COLntry except the war tor North and parts of the Easter Polic
Sample Size
The sample consists of 2000- of the JSP failid 5, E.),1%-0,1%) dr. frԼյIII ԼիլE 99, A[iA t||w|5|tյր: Նոյիլլը: || Lanլէ: LLLLLLL LLL LLLLLL aaL LGH LLHLLS S SS K SS0LL This method ca TI EJE regarded as a Variation of multi-stage CLI ster SB Tipo ling] - Sin CB the population is EC COITI OTTII:ä Hy 크 T1 다 50 Cc: La || y ի Ճ m C gan to us, the 0 - 4 BE - C, B են falli5 frOTTI E CII AG A di WISCI Was chosen at random. The study which lasted 3 : OnthS from St. November '95 to 15th February '96) Was Carried OLut by four fLI'll time; reSearchers, using the face to face in tEITWIE W Tigth Jr.
PROBLEMAREAS: / CONSTRAINTS
- Certi T1 Categories Of information KLLS Laa S KKLSLaLLS L SKS S LLLLL LLLLLS AGA di, 55, Teff th sa Timple for these Categories is slightly small=s thais, the general sample. However III a|| th 35 CE5Cs the sample is larger than 1500, which is considered by professional paling organisations in the USA as adequate to draw aaaaaaLLaLa LLLLLL LLL LLL LLK LLL բոpulation
A significant percentage of the

Page 19
families did not respond to certain HLrestions Faither because of the sensitive nature of the questions of their inability to comprehend the question.
The research findings are divided into two basic segments:
Section. This Will Contan demographic and socioeconomic data for area und Er focus with the purpose of enhancing the readers Linderstanding of
the actual living חסםם of the 5חםtjitiוחנLם ÇLIrrently,
Section I Evaluation of the JSP by analysing how and In what ways the JSP has changed the lives of the Janasawiya families.
NOTE: The term "population" is used to indicate the population covered by he research i.e., the 455, 132 - JSP families coming under rounds to IV,
The findings of Section 1 can be considered valid not only for Ja masa wiya families conmi rig Lunder fOLlund I to IW, ELIT for all | famili E25, Who LLLLLLL S S LLLLLLL LaLLL aaLaLLLLSL L LLLLLL than or equal to 700/- a month in 1989 S S S SLLLaaL S LLLLL L LLLLLLLL0 LLLLaLLLLL L LLL Janasawiya benefits. This is because the sample of 2000 families can be regarded as being representative of the poor in general, when the area Lindar study is the demographic and socioEconomic conditions of the poor, Therefore though the term population Ni bE Used to indicate EFE 455, 132 JSP familias coming under rounds - IV, this can be extended to the poor in geral, Con Cerming the findings in Sction 1,
S SS SS SS SS SS S SS S SS S SS SS SS
Footnotes
SLLL S S LLLLLLK LLLLLaL S LLLLS LLLL LL LS political and social destabilization, Governments face a choice between refusing to coՃրerate
Wittle MF, international Which Could COSCALICICBS to forced It FirOL the expense |The IMF and KOrner, THOT Miis and Rai the past two hawe ble COTT phвпоплеглоп CaS3 bian Ca, 1981), 'Brea Jail. 1984), Liberia (April 1982 in 198 Ecuador (Oct. Jar"1; "85), BO Jamaica (Junt
These includa Scherile intr to difficulties the Secord W FB eding Siche early 1944), 5 Ch. O Č | Ch||C Claritable A iri trid LICE id III tl of free red ELI LI :Editi II fil C. Expansion SC H. T.J.LITI 193 E broad| y bB
ם חסtiקחSurחם:t prografTTITES. production ori measLIfe imple period was t irrigation facili SCIETIES II furt H. E. г. г. в. 1 E Alleviati O1 in
Critical TËViË:W SiCG 1930 -
Staff Studies.
Lärkä – Wl.
According t COISUTiption
implemented 1948-1 935
Subsidy Scher the Food SLE) Food Stamp S SCHOCI Bis IIntroduced in ir 1973), the 1
 

nd thus losing their C: EditWOf thir E255 EāWE SÈTICOLIS SOCial or using repression IMF measures at the || OWE"ficilāSSES." Debt crisis - Peter ES SİE2E0Ci. Gerro Er Tatzlaff). During de Cid E33 || MF TIOt:5 la a vivi des por Baad tha Third World : Moro CCC (JL ne REyot' In TLITISIa էgypt | Jan. 1977), 979), Sudan early 5), Par Lu (1977-841), '82, March 83 & livia | MāTC:hi '82) | "85).
the Food Subsidy Dduced to allewiate experienced during World War, a Milk Tä IIIITTOdLICEd III a mid-day meal for | rani || 1940 – 53), |üWäflces Scherne he 1930's, provision ca| FBG ||ties, Fred E. tilities and Willage hermes [intr-Old J Ced i). All th. Ese Can Categorised as riented anti-pOverty The most important inted anti-poverty Inted during this E2 da Vella prin Ent Cof E5 a 1 SELLE Brit he dry zones for EfB SEE Proverty Rural Sri Lanka. A of the experiance Nimal A FÈTranci, central Bank of Sri
No. 1 & 2),
i Fetr (10 E. H. B Jriented Ti Basurës uring the period of nclu de tha RiCe fi continuation of sidy Scheine), the them (1979), the uit Progra TTFThe 968 and expanded i posha Prografi Tile
11.
1973), the School Kota Kerida Programme (1982), Public Assistance Scheme (Continued from the pre-independence era) KLLS a aLLLL LLLLLL SLL LLK LLLLLLS and Educational systems and the village expansion scheme. The major production oriented Tea SLITES WE TË Settle Tient ScheTTE:55, land te LirE2 FEfCOTT|15, Small farmer development Teasures, the guaranteed price scheme for paddy, research on high yielding varieties of paddy, LLLLLLLaLLaaLKS S LLLLLLa LLLL S LLLLL LLLLLL via state banks, Kandya peasantry rehabilitation scheme and the Integrated Rura Development Program IITia.
The GDP growth rate at 1980 prices was 2.9% during the 1970-77 period compared to 3.1% in 1950-60 period and 4.8% in 1960-70 period,
Un employment was as high as 24명, in 1973.
The school rollet ratio for the 5-14 age group declined steadily frol 1 OC) in 1970 TO BO || 1975
GDP growth ra te was 8.7% in 1978 and 5.5% for the period 1977-85.
14.7 in 1978-79 and 11.7명, in 1981-82.
R5.1 840 Tii||ini in 1975 and R5.13.193 million in 1976.
In 1979 the Government replaced the Food Subsidy Scherine With the Food Stampo Scher TE. Initially food Stamps were issued to all nerbers of households with a monthly income below Rs.300. The food stamps could be used to purchase Certain bāSIC COITI SUFTETit EFTIS. This Sche The Was rena Ted the POOT Relief Food Stamp System in 1985 and ex të nded to in E I LIde all households receiving a lionthly ir1g::OTTEE Of Rs.700/ Or|8ss,
The Lfeld Wa5 Gre of the richard the Super rich getting richer, While

Page 20
the poor and the middle class got ght uptcח1978/79 וחpoorer Fro 1990/91, the trand Vyas CThe Of iri Creasing in Comile In ECI LI a li ties. During the period of '81-82 and '85-86 there was a sharp decline in not only the percentage of incorrid received Ely the lowest 10% of the population but also the SECOIld OWEst |TIOIT 3.6% tO 1, 1%), the third lowest (from 4.4% to 2%, the fourth lowest from 5.2% to 3.6%. , the fifth OWest 6.4% to 49%, the sixth lowest from 7% to 6.8%), SËVE TITH IoWest [fr:Gjiri 8.7% to 81, 1) and the rint F1 l’OWest (fTOIT) 1 -1,5% to 5 E%), the SEvent OWest from 8.7% to 8.1% and the Thirith || OWEST || fr CITI 14,5% tJ 12.2%), Apart from the highest 10% of the populace only the third
highest managed to increase its
share of the in colle, albeit very slightly from 10.7% to 11.1%), The lowest 50% of the populace гвceived only 12% аf the Incorne while the top 10% received almost 50% of thE incorne | 49.3% | What we see here is a highly skewed in COTC distribution, the of Teal beneficiaries of which Were the top 10% of the populace. Thi E IT Sharë Of the IT COTT e increased by a Tlassive 12% during this period while the share of their GOTT e received by the Est of the population decreased by 11,3%. || SJurCE – Statistica|| Pocket Book 1985), By mid-180s, tHE growth Oriented Strategy of the Jayawardena regime was creating a highly un equa society a la SOLI thi/Latin Arnerica, For example, during the late '70s and early '80
բost 77 EconD per Capitā cons LIITription || [0WJB St Ed Bil Elis -7879 and 'E1 arTiOIng ci i parti CL || Early in F1 7578 and WFā5ā Rās CEti|| ||Bak according to a Lanka. The ETT PC Decade - June 84 real wages . all categrյries Contis LJ TImEr, price 2009: ,
Literary rates d groups (5-18) '81/82 and 5 avoidance Tate | ITEVE I been tij LISI WW || CJ EE Currestly IIOt
a EE
"Red LCTIO
ExpeditLIITE: tÓ by the mid-eig of StrLUI CILLI TE || E. FIES |Tוז p ם III Frid 5. LITTLECE LIr| That filla WWE TlCl H
TE5 OL ICES E C0|1strair E. Cyril || gf quality pTOgram T.B.S. schlarl HgB բ OL-utside the puri schools largel) Of The Hard Sł 마미TEr g 「미나 Education let
the Fichest TO% of the Brazilian system theref population received 54% of all | Ti Tif CITET income while the lowest 50% got םםVB rt y_" only 9.7%. Further evidence of the Jaya WF2Er, E InCreasing social bankTLuptcy of thB Feb. 90)
Age Groшр Literat:y Rates
19B
O - 1 A trate B.E.
iliteratg O2 15 - 19 | FitEe Fiat 90.4
literate 9.6
 

hir Strategy 't He
daily Cal Orie E5. Df EFE TrEE Eclined betWEET ? ... malnuITTition FBI in Cf Based TA| afEis Ejetijon "8082" (Dr pLItrafii, Goverror, 25, 11.87. And JNICEF study (Sri ocial Impact of Es during the last 88 | EETWEETI '77 =[Briorated among Of Workers did Crea Sgd by Over
#creased for all agE 1atween "7379 &. 1 it. The 5th i.e. This Who have: School à5 WBll Hs 2) O SCOC LT
attanding). See
in Ed LCFITIUfä| 2.3% of the GNP Friti ES CITI FICCOLI Tilt |d|Lustrient Jolici ES y=rish Ed El 3 facilities of Schools CCESS LI TOT 5tztE Fld |135 bleen 3 HB in TILIEmEntätigf
1 FT li piro w BenTI BI FTIT A proportion of the pulation remains mary and secondary | HS H GOոSEզL Ence lip caused among |s dlIE to ther di S. THE EdLJICatI On fe appears to assist g the effects of | Prof. SWIWITI Colomic Review -
1985/85
ThE2 UNlCEF GELIGdy "Sri Lanka i The Social Impact of Economic Policies during the Last Decade was բresented ԼO a group of high ranking Lankan OTTici als in, however, nothing happened. The firilding:S WEITE III at even discuss Ed, let alor E at tempting to find Ways and means of dealing with the problems and impending problems) highlight Ed Til the Report Prema da sa however was aware of the findings of the study and was deeply ՃՃnterned aէ Ճլ է them, according to one of His top Officialis | Pri Via EB COn WEI r5atiūri WTF Sus || Sirivardamā). In fact, power ty LLaaS K a SL S S S LLLSS LLLLLL K LLLLL thernes (together with Shelter and Nationalism) in his speeches from '84 - '85 Orwards.
His innovative housing programme Wasai med Fielping the "have Tots" to build/upgrade a house. As the Clairtial of the National Heat Council HE appointed ..., Family Health WorkBTS FFC TitrOrCEid a Free midday meal programme in 1988, alled at arresting Saveral regative trends in the field of public health - such as increasing malnourishment among children.
THIS WES EJ e CaLSE III 1985 Rs.700 per month was chose as the tԼյt Off Eg | mt for food StE ITT DS.
It was widely known that the don Cor a gen GIES WETE LI FN happy about this aspect and urged the government to scrap it.
TO BE CONTINUED NEXT : THE RESEARCH FINDINGS

Page 21
Сопгd fголт page 9 care to grief because it followed a
closed economic policy " while the World Was moving towards the free market economy". By 1977, the only Third World country following a free mark. Et ' TEO-liberal Stratag y WWEIS Pinochet's Chile even Thatcher Was yet to arrive. In the 1970-77 period What Was hegETTO nic gi bally Wäs not LaS S K aLaLLLLSLa L SLL LGHHL S a SLLL L K ideology as Charidrika claims - DLIt precisely the inward looking, closed economic strategy Ms. Bandaranaika's government was adhering to.
LEOPARDS AND HORSES
Алтлагтga/f this, rтүрвгsсагла/ favошгfrв. L S SLK LS L K S S S KLL L LLL L S SS YLHCC LK L CHGGGLLLLLLLLCLLLS LLaSLS CCLC LaHCCCL LC K LtaLLHCCCC Meetiлg. This елgagiлgргалk seегn to have beеп a high/ighг їл the Iffe of AJ Lofa, ĉar 7, do en varo forfa y troforigis ă гваллiлisсвлf spark fпto his eyes алга g/eefш/ sптіїе го his сошлterталce, Оле day, before the cabinet treeting cor77rrTer 7 ca2ad, Ar7 Lyraʻs per /ePopa,7 r! Was kept under Minister Michael OHLHHLLSKLLLSLLL S S SLLLLLLHHLLLLSS LYLLL SLLLLLLLS Sїrѓwагdвла алгї the feодагc/ dѓscovered LCCLLY LLLLLLYLLLYSLSLYYLLLLL LLLLCLL LLLL SS LGGGGHLLS Sirfwardела гал ошг of the rooлт үв//ing "Koriya", "Kotya". At this point of his HHLHLCC LLHCHL LaaHL HLHGG L CCGTaCCLLLL LLLLH Carriera. According To da Lighter TLLLCLLLLCCKS CC L S HCLLCLLS LCK S SLGLCLC practica". The Jaffers on y respose LKK SS S S LLLLLLLHHS S HHHH LSLLaLLS CLY LLSLLS S LSLLLK MM in L warn go da Gs wall/". (Daughter Sшлегhra prafses /ївглтоther fог being "Line notorial" and says that she would "walk into Cabinet feeting looking very stern and that set the pace for Cabiпет теег пys“. Опе салпот бит worder abour The Jace and the for7e of that Cabіrіet лпввтілg which was gra ced by ArI LIra7ʼs pet /eoparad/.
ln yet another One of her Candid L L L S S L S SLK LL LLL L LK L S S SL Horagola "the Bardaranaike king dor" and says "I hope they will maintain family tradition whoever I was here". After SWRD came his widow, followed by their daughter and son. Then there SthB WOUnger generati CITI, TE POTES Ented in the main, by the children of Chandrika and that faceless, rareless Tari She Was Tmarried to), ACCOrding to their fold Grandma, grandda Lighter
Ysgol Friarad want St gradsCan Wirth Lukit intelligent. Wimukt materna grāt ՏՃ|OrTitյm fi, B, the British Cliffa | GT CB5tİ ESIT a Tid Ms Bai Fliela Tia Tidiki; similarity to a man as reprehensible revolutionary Fren CHLi sing the lady After all, Why sho
ćf Sir Scans) fl W. Entertailed lar Who Was "lowed" well been by oppresSËd-Caste pe to a Side. Of the TOE WF1Earlaựgf theỵ, Lā! Illar' | | | 5 || WWF WEITE IT WAT Balda faka K through the back grandson VIITukt horSBs just like giri SC | OTT10 m a CC Č r| SITTE
Whatever guise Bahdä Fara iki 3 S || II Escapable truth primarily and ESSE to the pre-capita residue. Which acts to thill E complation ( bourgeois-demo Cra: La ilka THE TIEI II 5T | into a rhode TI EI LI party cari mBawear tal the Rat Watt E. Ba the helm of the pa Will resist L. tile a hanger-ton) any att from the leadershi tle |OCLITETIT Barclaramaike" per Wիլիցի էarlTitյԼիլյլ է Historically rid Cess: By explosing the
project and the SI are, the dOCUThe significant COI LT1:It if that task Of thB COLIIT revolution - The Tibe politics and if DOS: the Family's st documentary repre in Exբըsing thB a TF15', Loir till E "HIT
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

3 |JB a do CLOf While Hii is Exceptoma|| y takes after his grandfather Sir First Underling of , who epitomised E3|| iti SFT) Says This supposed гу 105E Српсluct was HԷ that of քr Eharistocrats ISTOT any Linhappiness, ld it? According to is a "Big Man" who alty; a "nice man" couldn't have very hose poor and ople who had to get d Of Ever the ITCF na across the "big lorse. Or by those El INEd Into "LHE ing dorra" except do Gr. Il Cid 2FAta || y i is ford of riding Bat grandfather Sir ding to grand Tia
the Rat WatteTi ay adopt the is that they are tially a throwback St. Era, a TELIda as an impedit Tient if the modernising, Lic TeVOLITIOn In Sri lation of thig, SLIPP geois - derinocratic Հe place so long as Tradikes if at Ty, And the Family *T SLFPe = [and | Eft impt to dislodge it p. In this context, a TV Si rifTEC formed a function 3 d5 Cribed as both ry and progressive. Family, the Family FP for what they tary has made a FELITO LO LIFE ktre mely irriporta rit try's democratic t|CT|| Cf Sri Lankar Ele the SLEP) Tror SDSDDD SLSKSSK S S L L Seİıt: H Tajor Step lti TeլItial DOՅt Of quarters' (Marx &
Engels :: THE COITIITLJinist Manifesto) of the Family and in hastening that day When the Woters Will 'de Sert thET, With rud and Irreverent laughter" (Ibid.) thareby consigning this amachirconismin to where they belong some museum or the rubbish heap of history.
Footnote: 1, J.R. Jayewardene - A Biography K. M.
Caffron puge (Il This Ta5 SIVE TOItaliati TI? DOES flect the Chārdka Administration's St Tength Cor Weakness?
In taking a tough line on TML and lshini Wick ramasirighEa, tha PA has blundered quite badly. Her H.L.Jsband, Mr. A5|Tha Per Bra, is a PA. MP No emergency regulation Can silen CE him; "The PTA was enacted to fight LLLLLL S SLLL S S L a L S SS SLL LL L HH LK L Cens of the free media," he said. When the PTA is used against the free media, what does it irripoly ? Mr. Rauf Hakee IT, General Secretary of the SLMC, a coalition partner, is "concerned" and evidently LInhappy over "infringement" on "thig free Tedija",
If a strongly Worded protest, Mr. Robert Menard, Secretary General of Reporters sars Frontiers pointed out that the Defe TICE Ministr y had NOT issued a prompt denial of the TNL report. "The sanne news it Earth With TE WET dB tid i 15 WWEIS
broadcast (by others ... No action has been taken against EH Bf 11. ..."
The PA, may not be sin kirig, b)Llt it certainly is drifting. In the post-Cold War World, We see new for CES, new ideas and ISSUES influence national and International prDCess a Fid OLITED Ime S. THE ITGE media CC). Istit Ltë JT E GLICHT TOT CE. Women's rights, another,

Page 22

3.
& 3.3

Page 23
Cor I (el_fror y Ffrge II 2
BOL e Ward des Capo LChirles Or December 28, 1895. In recreating the energy of motion cascading down the stairs in 1912, DL champ reflected the Tsing ECWer of Cinématography – th= medium that transformed technology into the Tenth Muse, capturing the imagination of the 20th century
EBLJIt CLEİSTTI Was TTÜ TE tiñar a FEEaction to technology. It was basically an intellectual movement Which grappled With techniques of harmonising the Inner and the outer worlds disintegrating under the impact of modernity, Cubiš Til was everywhere. It even Conquered the space of the modern temples of CompilerCE rising to high heaven in glass ClubJES. The juxta position ing of the interior and the exterior, of Totionard Stiless Of tirne and spaGE in a continuurt of geOnThe tric, patterns eventually gained acceptance in the public's eye, perhaps because it struck a hidden chord in the dislocated modern mind which was struggling to make sense out of an incomprehensible, fragrTented World, T. S. Eliot's dictum that good poetry was felt even before it Was Linderstood Is applicable to Cubisrn too, The childlike quality of its techniques puzzled and fascinated the public imagination. Even those who did not appreciate its finer points Were drawn to it by the irresistible attraction of its "primitive" conceptualisation. When Picasso, who could draw like Raphael at the age of 14, said that it took a LLLLLLL LL LLLL S K CLL LLS KL KL SSSLK SSS child, he was proclairling the rebirth of his creative self which had shed the past and was born again as a "primitive" child.
From another point of View, it seemed that the disoriented univer SE Was Coming apart at the Weird searns of Cubistic fragments – fragments Which Were saan either as dovetails that Wera holding everything together or breaking it up into irreparable pieces. Either way it captured that imagination of the di Sinherited Thödern Thind. It was alS0 a mind Full of fear The ecerie ech0B5. OT Edward Munch's haunting SCrear (1893) of a frightened, androgynous figure, approached by two dark, Kafkasque shadows, reWerberated down the 20th century Canyon teening With hungry hordes fleeing Wars, ethnic cleansing, drughts, floods and persecution of Tar
by man, Th 5 tortu recoiling from a a.d.Wancing Fear, WE WCFC3S COf MLJ Chil Where the Colour 1899). It is, perha picture where the so ԷՃարcts off the fra ear with a piercing coming out of the | mail (resertibling on Walked out of Geri camps) symbolised th:353 || OST IT a WCF Certaintigs With lot except the approa threatening shad: galleriestis rathErd chilling portrait of m LinkFOWml fear. EWE seen this portrait. We Screat in the Holo in the Zer Year of Foo cleansing of Bosnia the 30 million that CuItLITEal Ra3WolLItion.
The World Would again. The derelic In eandering in the Dickerisian city spre through the highwa manacing LIrban g concretisad landscar pastoral poets,
cos Tipolitar urbanita In T. S. Eliot's To surprisingly, Dante's from Inferno and pa to Word, On The Wa:
Lea City, Lİrıder The BTOWIT İÇ: da WT, A Croy Flowed OVE Wחaחח טS I had not thought to Աndone so many, [{ 57)
Eliot's poetry, in a Si ot his Darceptior th: todo much reality P. realities of a World
its traditi mā| TOOT ii) | | WFil2:53 a II d t | ex Istance - wirtually as in The Wastefan "Disturbite univerSE like Yeats irito THE L. DIT Into 50 The i de Kingdom, Of into OCC
 

di SOLISCream, LnkrigWr Tear : "painted", in the "as act Luāli bol Cid shrieked." Diary, is, the only silent rid of humaniagony he and strikes the pain. The Scream elpless, ghost of a : if those WTO later la Con Centration the prisal fears of d of disintegrating ng to replace them shing darkness of Wys. In al|| || the at Ffigu|tito finca TFE in terrorised by the those Who had not Luld ha Wehl Ear Cid the aust, in the Gulags, of Pot. In the ethnic and RWarda arid || 1 led in the Chinese
Ewer Ele the Sarne t Irld Wid La Wa5 grirTny, corrupoted ading its tentacles ys and by Ways of rowth. The arid E had alienated the The fCglle,55, found his lost Worce dëIT inferno, Not || Illes Were pal Jacked StEd, al TOSt WOrd telärd. :
of a Winter
r Londori Bridge,
as deifi had affo III — 55 –
Ilse, is a reflection Tha TCF TCDT E-Jeta T rticularly the grim ccelerating out of ngs. Ha Saw the 2 CilacadeCe Cf in Buddhistic ter|15 | — āri dāri to "without retreating ke Isle of Inisfree, |ised Byzantian It mysticism of tha
Orient. Eliot elevated the "derotic" idiot, through an incantatory rhythm, to ëWake ha Lunting irTages of the 20th Century inferno. His lines Were on the lips of every disillusioned undergraduate Wandering among the ruins of the World Wars. Like Picasso he imposed a new World view. Eliot, a conservative in many Ways, argued for Continuity, Yet he was a radical in changing the tastes of literature. His definitions of Culture arid art were more inclusive of the past than the future. Yet he led the Way into a whole new culture that shaped and refined the Sensibilities of the better part of the 20th century,
CRISIS ANDREWALUATION
Both T. S. Eliot, an Americam dom Ciled in England, and Pablo Picasso, a Spaniard haunting Paris, loosened the Victorian strait-jackets in which the arts Were 5 Liffocating. The liberating influences of in TOVators like Eliot and Picasso changed the meanings and the values of traditional art. The difficulty in arwing at a common definition of artis deepened not only by geni uses FImprirbting their o Wim Wall Les and perspectives on art but also by the best of artists Who fall to arrive at a COrise SLE on, practically, every aspectofart, What is acceptable to one may not be acceptable to another. While Shelley proclaimed that poets Were the greatest law-Takers of the World, W. H. Auden, asked flippantly: "What has poetry done to mankind?" Corsider again W. B. Yeats Who dropped Wilfred Owen, One of the great War-poets Who Was killed in the fields of Sortime in the last days of Vorld War. , fronī īs antihology of Oxford Book of Modern Verse in 1936, saying that "passive suffering is not a subject for poetry." Despite this rejection, Wilfred Owen's reputation as a poet Continued to rise With practically every anthology since 1936 giving him his due pola CE.
The Crisis in English literature has now taker ä HEW tLIrn With AcadémiCS II English Departments questioning the validity of established Ganons of Literature, The Great Tradition definited SG precisely by F. R. Leavis, is under fire.
"hy should only Dickens, Jane Auster, George Eliot, Henry Jaries and Joseph Conrad be Canonised by The Great Tradition and riot Vikram SEth, Rollish Guriasek ara, W, S. Maipia Lill, Chirli Lua Achebe, Michael Ordaatje, or Patrick

Page 24
WHILE ? TFIIs airg Lirfient has gat TETEd å fürtçe gifts Wrafter England C2aSBcd til produce its traditional English literary giants. Not long after World War II English literature was hijacked by non-English Writers. The first signs of the slOW ELIT steady disappearance of Englishmer from the literary scene emerged during World War II Werl. Meary Jam 25 THL Tai Tajah Tai Tibi TTLIETU CĪ AtChiJVEly Jaffna ("thig Egregatus, Mr.TarTitoimuuttu", Farimarked Sir StEg Fen Spender), Carme CIT With Poetry London in 1939. From 1939 -1945, FambimLittl played Warious roles KSSSLLLSKLLLK LS S LSSSLL SSSSKSSSLLLLL S u u L SS S LLLLLL u LLLLuuu Business Manager of Poetry London. His literary reputation rested Tainly or publishing "the East verse and the flewest verse in English" (Kenneth Rexroth) during all the years of the World War II. Dylan Thomas, George Barkar, David Gascoyne are some of the poets he published in the LaS KSLSLaL LS SLLSS S LL S La L K S S S SL Poetry London that I can consistently expect to find new poets who matter." |TI SLIESECILJErit de Cades, With thë Eclipse of the English Writers, the TD Was a FETarKEE|ë de Clifje in talent Which legd to the Tlass production of DWEMS-Dead White English Males. So is the homage paid to The Great Tradition another fossil of cultural imperialist which ignores the gerintributions Tiña de to English litërat JTË by Creati We Writersburge Onling in the EXCC|OITES ? This argument Carl De Extended to Cover even the N31-English literary traditions (e.g. Russian, French, Hispanic etc.) which are equally great.
BESSI Ideas, wallL Jess li fi English Diapa FTIT Eart5 are changing purely TCT political reas CIFIS both Within the departments and LtSide it. The Melbourne University English Department, dorminated mainly by the Irish Mafia, tend to place a greater Emphasis on Irish Writers. Or, to take a local example, Mr. R. Sir Wardene, who taught English at the Kelaniya University, FES COT(idea TriBed Jarlie Austeni 15 "b]Oring" Whilst praising, in rather hyperbolical terminology, the Barbara Cartlandish fiction of Karunasena Jayalath. What is Tore, Mr. A. J. Gunawardara, Who is a Professor of English at the Kelani ya University, rushed to defend Mr. Siri Wardene. Heth) Light it Wäs ClitİCally LL LaL a LLL LLLL LutLL uu SLLLLa L L LaLa La attack ti5 Writer Who Criticalla SSESS5i Janë Austen's Toral ambience of her "|| ||e commonwealth" located in Mansfield Park, (See Lanka GuardianFebruary to March, 1994), Rightly of Wrongly, the e Val Latins CT MESISTS, Siři Wardigrig a Tid, GLIFaWardai Tai ITILISIbē
A GA
DINO
L-41 He esti 2Chaf as CD:1 Hifs, E 4 Vieirit a ri É opes fo F72 error Fier.
- HFCJce
7. Jeerfrig . 7e ecce A COf Evfeyci rı -> # brightf
ごごe五ses
ξ5ίρρίκια ο
孪c£H f Oleg certi Jiι αcf HI ka --Mr F1 c as IF Fricte !ށG エon ff= 。 يجع إلينوي تونسية 7ーリーエー。 to reef
732 ef a ffer ZUH1) beg GFgri fra 71ostalgi: Ar fact if afori se
Vijaya Per

「「HEー■N○ ○F 「「HE SA UReS
III .3gp LJ Icego rice td. tari lotu eta Eothrich1 { Tiristy fr'irig scier I (c. Tandartin Haas-Eye en/ Fe2-/FL, e fert Carl ATC - F - is of Fifa edats cos faco LL72 FT. of CÉG elefe Fier" | 77. Sees. dirily Hirough their specs
Coffer LLP īsifs sifica File:S le saccess 25 Cirid glores.
gting spark of sixty-nine He he Luis rise and shita. ri His Luciered lohisku 7 5foru scrneuJ Hal PisqL4e L S TSYS CLJJ KSLS L L S LSLGJS ersafier is ricii Highbralul eu Hauerit rinlicht to sag His, a Frieffic Pable daty. ori lirich Hiere iri rici filtru Sí Heal Gf rice and etir rit).
lutas ni Lehi nore far Stre Serie-LIS Llrir Ikifie der1.e.
fet e af ardd gyc z Le7 at: carned eraiff cairn of hier dically.
| als FS SIL Cré Jerieridge their day of flirit sers of c Egorie fine i ca. E e a crire. i5 fheir con lui carice
det i final i fJerISel

Page 25
  

Page 26
A Selecti Finest Interna
CHEESE DIA
ఊక్ష* HUG 潭 SINSEET
DA.
PRUNES col
PERSON E3
E3(OUNITY
7 až
TOBLERONE Dይኒ|RነW F!
CHO.COLATES
需
BERRE HAIR
Sol:
PURE FRUIT JUCE SԱA:
833, Sirimoyo BandercInalks MW TGl: 522871-2,522830, 5228, Telex: 21415 Tassteа СЕ, 21991 Selpro CE, 23.426
Quality and Variety Available atali Supermaj
 
 

on of the
tional Brands.
9& ീഴ്ക്
PERS
BREAKFASTCEREALS
[5S MaXWE PERS HOUSe
COFFEE
gate
CARE Ardmona
CANNED FRUITS
Olivo AL CARE LU R PA K
ÍSANREMo
『FT II
SOUPS AND PASTA,
TOMATO PRODUCTS
MAMEE
E INSTANT NOOD LES NA ♥ኴ) CARE ଶ୍ଚିତ୍ତି
Agents
CANNED MEATS
誉
SSE 兹基
tatha, P. O, Box 1970, Colombo 14.
32,522934, 522155,522373. Selfe OCE. CCible:TG 55FeCl. Telefox: (941) 522913.
within your reach.
kets & leading groceries

Page 27
Will privatization mean
che end of the Unio
represent How will the interests of my members be
protected
Trade Unionist
 

Privatization Will in no way dilute or reduce the powers and rights of your union, British Airways was privatized in 1987, and the unions remain to protect Worker interests just as before, Some of the World's largest, most powerful and vocal unions exist in the private sector. For example, the United Auto Workers (UAW) represent over 100,000 workers at the three biggest American car companies, none of which are state owned. In fact, there is every likelihood that working conditions will actually improve in privatized companies, since there will be substantial investments made to upgrade facilities and training You can look forward to representing a considerably more
prosperous L. mitյր,
It is important to realize privatization is a means to an end. It is a means to improve our living standards, foster
technological progress, create employment and take our
nation into a more prosperous tomorrow. In order to
achieve these aims, privatization has to be executed in the
appropriate manner,
That is the task of the Public Enterprise Reform Commission (PERC). Its mandate is to make privatization
work for Sri Lankans today, and for generations to come.
Every privatization is a carefully considered decision that takes into account the interests of all sectors of society, the general public, the state employees, the consumers, the
Suppliers, as well as the country's overal economic vision,
PERC's mission is to see that privatization works. In doing so, your interests are always being well looked
after.
With privatization everybody has a stake.
P E R C WATCH FULIN THE PUBLIC INTEREST
PUBLIC ENTER PR15E REFORM COMMISSION,
Bank af Ceylon - JÜth Flaar. Na+, FJ. Eax I001, Bank of Ceylan Slawatha.
Tb|3Link Telephone 34.1-3375é8 fax: +|-||25||ă

Page 28
||NTEREST FREE CRE
CONVENIENT REF
L
Yes. All and benefits are y
CEYBANK V
COntaCt the Ce
CEYBANK CA
Bank Of
No. 4, BANKOF CE
COLOM
BE WISE CARD - WISE
BANK OF
CBaloolig to tho UV
TELEPHONE: 447823 - Ex. 418O & 48
 
 
 
 

) (Τ2
PAYMENT TERMS
OWEST JONING FEE?
many more ours with the
/ISA CARD.
ntre Manager,
ARD CENTRE,
Ceylon
YLON MAWATHA,
BO — 1 .