கவனிக்க: இந்த மின்னூலைத் தனிப்பட்ட வாசிப்பு, உசாத்துணைத் தேவைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தலாம். வேறு பயன்பாடுகளுக்கு ஆசிரியரின்/பதிப்புரிமையாளரின் அனுமதி பெறப்பட வேண்டும்.
இது கூகிள் எழுத்துணரியால் தானியக்கமாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட கோப்பு. இந்த மின்னூல் மெய்ப்புப் பார்க்கப்படவில்லை.
இந்தப் படைப்பின் நூலகப் பக்கத்தினை பார்வையிட பின்வரும் இணைப்புக்குச் செல்லவும்: Lanka Guardian 1997.03.01

Page 1
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Page 3
Politica | Violence has been Ilo Casual Ecurigt til Sri La Pika, ātri WEttised by thE Tourist Board and Air Laika as 'a taste of paradise". It has been a permanent rP Giderit si TCP2 the 1950's. A vibrant parliamentary democracy, Sri La Faka, viith Celebrat 35 Its 5 | itii Independence Anniversary next year, has been ravaged by communal ficts, threater 1 God by ar 1 ar ITT y COLL po, mercifully abortive) and a Sinhala youth Insurgency, fashionably dubbed Guayarist, in 1971. It has been compelled to host an Indian Peacekeeping Force larger than the Sri Lankan army) which in turn offered the JWP another opportunity to challenge the State, by launching an island-wide Gampaign of violence, We Eupillai Pra Eohia kara III and His Liberation Tigers of Tamil Ealan (LTTE made Saparatism raithe is thaisil "stitialism, " the IT Crist
"క్ష్"
|
хtaоріпg
薰 E The Lanka Guardian expresses its deep
ses ofe people of
the People's Republic of China over the death of
Deng Xiaoping an
ag leader of the cominist arty of China
and veteran revolutionary
e architect of
China's
st important litical personalities of the 20th Century and a frajgr-influe ug: on the shape of the world as it
sēriju tīrāt ti ti unity and territorial IslErit]-
Ratnapura and its af a new challenge. If R: fit the familiar patter - Elect|Oil Witoliënce - Couls Carl finally is parties —— it is T COIT and O-type atti Restaurat Which II provoking, First of . of Larget. An extreme CBSRBStELIärit MP Mr. Sarath Konga from a report by Rair ar1 dD i|S h1ärii SrT1 Suлсаy Lваder is a ч
"A group of ab EL 5 in 55 TETI HT d. t arB al5O — reg Lula TS A had left a while Earl staller DPL group, Siti || Hid Eesti prominerit tour oper by Shelton de A Director of ASi Discussions had CE irii Taiwa 13:32 ILLI ri Chi SOTE Where in Jurie the guests Werë ch dim TBT LI rħawwar E2 O TEH LIL WAS tl Til LJULES"
If they had indeed k happen next, thë
probably have rust CisiEssia, across thil Tainted Lowe (Adult the Ching se el Titas that Deng Tsiao-Pe
CANTON OF
"A raider with H S rf WFléré 5äf-ITF SEated drid ShOLIt: He breaks the glass
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Sri Lankar StadtE, integrity of the
tariath could be atrapa Lura da ES TOT is of pre- or Ost -- and only the identify the guilty he extraordinary ick on the Canton makes it thought
Lise E. Clic =ly wel patronised owned by a UNP hage. This excerpt 1E2 WickTETTE LLU Tiga araweera Of the
Wisceg-SEtter:
t 1 C) Sidi Fileir families W|10 T THE REGIt Luft,
is add the Earlier in tha night ПТТUtjuСgd to two ātrs Tri TT i WHT) |wis, Managing an Wings Ltd. Il tred til bringing groups to Canton AL LE VIP for, latting away after f the nightmarish | LT Told in 3 Eyy
Tip WWT WHEA t W LI li TaivareSe WOuld led to the Liberty e road, to Watch 5 Only or apply LO Sy for a Visa, 10W ng was dead,
CHICAGO
Worci barge5 irit) ä and his guests are : Konga hage K0??
door while ather
648
Mervyn de Silva
with a T-55 stands, viti a gun pointeri at the guests. The firing in the fish tank hits the lights and the room is plunged Ilito da Tk. ITIESS, Sarath III dark Suit hEid Some luck that day for he had an eye infection and was wearing dark glasses looking like a present-day Zorro. So the raiders didn't know Konga Flag E was Konga hage ..."
(trதாழ 24
Vill | Ni.20 March Ist, 1997
Priըt Rh:15,[] [] Published fortnighly by Lanka Guardian Publishing Co.Ltd. N,246, Union Place, Cլյինmէյլ) (12,
TIIFix 44754 E-mail-guardianasri.lanka, net
Editor in Chief : Mervyn de Silva Editor Dayar layatileka Cover Photography: F:ävi Prä5:ld HET:itl A. Lokuhapuarachchi (Reuters)
Printed by : United Publishing House (Pvt) Ltd
C O N T E N T S
MeTWyll de Silwa Ol Tisil ranee Guna Sck: ra 2. Interview !) DT.MaqsLIdul Hasan Nuri [If D. L.C). Meridis O8. PML thill iIgal II. DISSE EHITTI ET I3. Jana Sawiwa

Page 4
On the 11th of February 1997, Nalanda Ellawala, PA parliarietarian for the Rātrlap Lura district, Was shot to death, The Twe main Suspects in this Grime,
UNP Parliam Britaria II Susanthia PLIIT Chlin lilläTTE ad the UNIP Carididate for Ratnapura TTH y or alty, Mahinda Ratnataka, are currently in police Custody According to the Lankan Panal СUdЕ a suspect is considerati irinocЕПt un til he/she is Prover guilty in a fair trial by a Court of law. And the onus of proof is on the prosecution. It is only the aբբrtյբriatE Ասurts tյf law which tari decide on the guilt and the degree of guilt or innocence of a suspect and the nature of the PL Imishment to be accorded to those who are found guilty,
The conduct of the PA regime in the after math of the Ellawala killing indicates that a bola tart, Politically motivated interference in the due process of law i5 On the Cards, The PAlleadership Seem to be taking upon itself the Combined roles of judge, jury and avenger. For instance, take the following por Don O Luin Cements made Eoy - Preasidant Chandrika Bandaranalike Kurmaratunga at Brı election rally İrı Kalutara: "There W35 absolutey To reason to ki/ Nalanda El Mawasa. "Flere was ir 7 CO CCJF7 fro 7 Ta Tsar arriong The Two groups at al - they just Duled out a gur) and shot fin”, Daily News). Now it is only at a fair trial that it can be decided whether there was any COriffC fitation of not and who fired the 1st shot; that decision belongs solely to the appropriate Court of law and ot to any politician, however exalted.
That is not all. Said the President: "We are prepared to give any purish Телr rĖ Corl77 FF) er died by you [i.e. the participants at the FA election rally1 Ff r7CT Lusing this sa W, F fieri Eby Fringing 7 Thir Ya w The Taxi i rri i Ti DLIrishment Which Carl begiver to thern
fror through this Sf Offer savv. Rupa wa hiri i teleCa 5
MLJrder is mot a Cri Lanka, and Naland first Lankan politici a period of norm Prgsident's DWT f: SWIRD Bandard läi by some of his disg – S4. Jf Ely a T1 Luch|| || than the killing of Only because the
E didn't yr Hy: armed bodyguard. un ambigLously pr the hairl Dus natur despite the fact t assassiflation Of: pQS IndepEIldEric B по а11empts to iпtгt The suspects we prevailing law and found guilty. The or the death penalty by Prime Minister E instituted.
UNUE
If the prevailing la deal With the Eassi Bandaranaike, Why say that the same
deal with the killing What kind of spe Pr: Sid Crit have ir Exactly dos Gham that the people C DLIrishrrient for th this is the punish Jut? What does si Hii PA supporters of all
H.C.W. Wi||th is decisi Will it ble CCITY WEye: D. (063 85r., " Li LF 5 - IT interference in the
 

MK
|aw Ther7 by Bringing ... Kalutara rally - th.
The that is new to Sri a E|| Wala 5 mot the an to be killed during a cy. After all the ther, Prime Minister kB WaS a SSaSSinated Lulit lEdda||li ES in 1959 lora dastardy Crime Nalanda Ellawala, not WiiCtim WES - Lunarmed; : the protection of an The killing was also ETTEditated. Despite e of the Crime and Flat it WES the first political leader in the Sri Lanka, there Ware duce 'special laws". +re tried UTB The Sortle of them were ily exception was that which was abolished Bandaranaike Was TB
PROCESS
W was adequate to assination of SWRD does his daughter law is inadequate to Of Malanda Ella Villa? icial laws does the Tid Årld Wyat hear when she says an recommend any 2 Culprits - and that nt Thät Wi| bE Tätěd B mean by "people"? citizens of Sri Lanka? ÜEB ade and W to the authorities? 1. Ourit to a gross due process of law?
Tisaranee Guna Sekara
And What does the President maan by
"harshest possible punishment?" |s she
implying that death by hanging (which is the punishment normally accorded to those guilty of first degree murder) is
not harsh enough? If so, then what
would satisfy the Presidential Criteria of
har shest possible punishmerit? The reintroduction of the 32 tortures T1LIch utilised by ancient Sinhala kings ... and
quae mis?
The dangerously in temperate language
used by the President and her declared
intention of going beyond the normal law
of the land in order to punish those she believes to be the killers of Ella Wald in a
manner she deems satisfactory, clearly
indicate that what the President wants is not justice but revenge. In fact these Presidential pronouncements are Curiously and disturbingly similar to the following statement made by Hitler's deputy Herrmann Goering: "Fellow Germans, my reasures wif not be crippled by any judicial thinking. My measures will not be crippled by any bureaucracy. Here I don't have to worry about justice, my mission is only to destroy and exterminate. Nothing more". (Speech ät Frankfurt Gr Main 3.3,33 Nuremberg Documents). It should perhaps be borne in mind that the introduction of special laws was a strategy much used by Adolf Hitler to destroy his political enemies; the Enabling Law of 1933) played a major role in Hitler's successful efforts at
establishing a dictatorship after he
assurned the office of Chancellor by democratic Teans,
THE ROAD TO KURUWTA
The killing of Nalanda Ellawala has to aLL aLaaLaaLLHHLLLLLLL LLLLL LLaaLLLL LLLLHHLH LLL LLLLLLL guilty in a fair trial of this crime should be punished. But Nalanda Ellawala was

Page 5
|lut ! HE քrlly mEmbar Ճt a dքrriggratit political party, LG ble killed in the last 2 '', Years. The cities it is included foFITTET LI MIP parlia Tieni Laria Fil For Lie FiËT E POLITE DIST TİGE EI Tid yang Subject Minister AthLila Attygale Ea Colombia CafT POLJS allLITTI FIII did E. F. W grad); a JNP IE Er he Eritra| Prip LLLSaa L aLLLSS SaSLSaLSS 0 LLLS LSLLLLL LK L S L La LLLSLLL LmLmaL S S S LLLL LaaLLLLLLL K S SSLLLLLL Pili ya Ticiāla CEJOJ JErāti VE SOCİEty ElĒCiti CITIS HT| TWO LJMP ՏԼlբբ Լյr ԼEPS, RM, REITH LLunga, a fati Tad sibi Post Master skilled on 17th January 1996 and 24 year old Pad Tasiri Sharitha of Yak Willa, Paraga Tarta. This is apart LL L S a L aa L S a aa LL tյոa բa55 = Ey wաlit wBre slitյt to death it road day light 1 Negombo last year,
LL a a LLLL LL LLaa L aLaL LLLLLL ITIET Wereki||Ed FECALISB Of ther SUpport fD the l'UMP; Edgal III aC:Ording te available BWidence the WWETE LITEITTimed at the time of the killings. Like Nalanda Ellawala they EOD d E SETJE ju StĪCE, BLI E the PAPA Which today is talking of introducing special a LLL LLLL aa SLLLLLLLL L LLLLLL LLaKKLLS LLaL aaa a L L S S հլIrry tը բլյոish the killers of thESE other Victims. It doesn't stop there. The first accused in the killing of Athula Attygale (CESE fil La Bil 7 - Fiatria) Lira CLIFTS II Janaką Kaluarachchi, received FA Titiminatinns fըr the upctյming It tal goverifflert polls and is contesting the flքլոaբura PradashEBya Sabha on the FA LKSLKSS SS S SY Y S S L L L L LS K LLLKL ThE է INF tյf giving nԼյrրirl HTigris tr = murder Suspect since it too has done
the Earti= || should also be rրքրticimetr
that the HC Lises Of the two gaya LL La aLaS aa SSS LLS LLL KS S SY SSLSL L L aa and Karunawathie were destroyed by THE Fatrapura titters}. The man - a |eading PA Provinitial CըԼյոt|ըr tյT THE Wester Province - who according to Eye witnesses) ordered the killing, on the spot, of a UNP candidate in the Fillyndala Co-미perative Society =letitians has hEEn aբբginted to Hi Imբըrtant բոst in the Ports ALThürity that was after a certain female Deputy Minister arranged for him to sբand soma time in the Merchants Ward in Order to BEHde a TrESt|
According to the President, "This LWP Earl of EP reform Ed.... We are Eregared Id Even Eiring speria avy5 Io
וח s HםEFT לsiווץ שם 7 E FEFEFEFFF
This Presidential pro
LLC. If t afternatif of the El dËTijistrate that th
FB Lign if COISEuelty Coleg PA's Sy|lggistic lt ELJEFF THE PLITCHIT HRTIFIERE KIEL PLIFICHI Filame ant TTEES THE UNI as a party is guilty This is despite the
EY İTH FRITICE „Whatsigure ki|||||||Tlig Of Malanırda E
LL TE or pOITIt it is inTip Or tari though a disgruft IE SLFP was found gu GEGEE: THE SWRC)
Its ETLE t this grՃLIբ guilty actually participate til k || ||FA Pig My guilty, Ms. Wirrala W The Tiber of this TT: Et EECHLIESF Til the actual CCT bèt:HLISH the titյtitյր a Tid CollectTVE POLJini: any Dla CE II th E
de TTDC ratic CDLIII try ITIEF 1 tion Ted that this
Luilt a TI POLITISHT E|rillE|H THL:IEի IIItյի: |jLStify the Briti-la TT and the LTTE LO DE TLIETOJE Ik the latast Of Which שונEחחםH חוLr H
In the after lath of kIlling the FA reg interested in genera UNP hi systeria bbw bla party for this apprehending the s day the FA propagar towards depicting t JF [3 ] [ di Ejdid ii : ET PÅ TE2|| (UNP) wictims of p violarit;a have riը ը| the PA propagandisi killing of Nalancia depictEd is a fir: thereby usurping a Orly HB-taken by E objective is to create
 

y. " Kalutara Rally). TIOLITI EBITTErit and the PA, regi TE IT LIFE awala killing clearly he PA is basing itself collective guilt and LIVE POLITI 5 HITEIT. THE յtյlԼ: ԷEE IT tը իB : | IE - Fil MH Hiirii
Ma la T1 da Ella Walay Rātināti|| || Eke a TE P; ther for the UNP f the Ella Wala killing, FEI : t t llii t t lil ETE IS II) T TE II hij FGELE EHELEHE. Ella WE la VHS CHFried
Of FFE LMP2 ht| ||15 to TETITIEE that id group within the ilty of Conspiring to Bārda ra TaikE, THE TTI EI || TEITEEI: Of Cly those wild H In the trinspiracy Milli ta' FEE Ft Lili Wijewardana, though FDL p), Was f3 Lund Edidit participate spiracy. This was s of Collective guilt GITT EFTEdC Ft H JE |Bğal SysterTı Df a | || 5 || Juld alsJ E) - principe of CollectiVE 1811T W35 LIsed by Հ to Perpetrate and il riots of July '83 DEEFFIEEEnd LIStify jirri Similia la Civili Films, | WES tile DEEE
the tragic Ellawala iTI SE EFTIEH IT TE Ling = TI JEJId of är tifining the UNP as a ոtitleTit, thiHrl |rl LisբatԼs, Sirite that lda has beer geared FE2: LUNIP &qs, a bu'r CF1, killer S բraying gri Jers. The previous olitically motivated ace in the story as Safe satelling it. The
Ella Wala is being Հl degre a murder, EE ET CE
It if a., TE El pict LITEgf H yOLITIg
man "as innocent as a baby squirrel" |as PA Parliamentarian Dilan Perera put it or ITN) murdered by an evil Goliath the UNP). In other words depicting the El la Walaki | ling Iri starik | En la k and Whita terms which that master propagandist Adolf Hitler i ciri Tifiad as EHE "... WEry first CEDIT1 ditior Which Ha5, to EE FLulf|||||Egid İT EWE ry kild Of PTC pagal da ; a 0K LLaaaaaaLLLLL LLKS K LL LKS S L L L L LSLLLSL to Wards awgry piroE3|| E.T that ha 5 TC ble EdEH It With ... Wher they 5 EE FT uncompromising onslaught against an adversary, the Deople have at all times taken this as proof that right is on the side of the active aggressar" |Méin Kampf). CONSCIOLIIsly CJT LITICO TISÍCiOL usly LLLL S S C aaCaaaaLLLLLLL K following these instructions to the letter.
The post Nalanda killing PA propaganda based on the notion of collective guilt POLITI I Shrima mit and replete With yr Erball WICIENCF, Clā iTTfard its first CaELjaltiEG TITI the riots, Which ing Lu||fard Rat Tiap Lura - COTIE perSOT1 killed | 3 FT||TDr. Employer of óne of the Establishments torched by the T1 Cobi Was ELUF Tot to death) a Fid dH mägE to property totaling milions of Tupa Es. FOT SEWE Tal days after the killing, the state owned TW kept up a barrage of hate propaganda, with the Mulberry GrOLP playing the TOle Of the ad EmCEd gLard, agLISing the goverreteada FS Of not taking harsh en CILI JIH TEH SLUITES Egidirisit the UNP, This propagarida taken together With the FA's de Clared if tertigri of charging the existing laws to deal With the killers of Nilaları da Ella Walla, aaaaHH LLLLLLa LLaa LLH LLLGL LLG LGLLLGGL L a no holds barred battle against the UNP - which according to the results of the 1994 Parliamentary General Elections is the single largest democratic political party in Sri Lanka. What is Ironic is that the FA WHIT chi haS nO pOro Ejleriis with thisto JWP a party which initiated two anti sistemic insurgencies in 7 and '87, is determined to perceive and/or depict the UNP as the greatest threat to democracy Syster T1 a Tid treat it a GCOTCI ingly, Whet HET this strategy of destabilising and per SECILJ ting thE iler17 OCTEtİC Cappositior is E. HE TESLIIT IT genuine my copia CT Whether it is the ESLIt Of the need to aC Caa L LLLLLL H aHLLmaLL aL KaaaLaLLLL advantage, its ultimate out Corne can vary Will a Civil War,

Page 6
C. Mahendrian Was Orle Jf La lith Athulathпudali's teachers at Royal College. Het holds a Masters Degree frofIn LL 0SLSaaaS aa TTLLKKLaaCLL LLLLLLaLaaaL Studies at Johns Hopkins University in Washington, DC. He was Sri Lanka's AIT bassador in China, Japan and Korea. Fluent in Sinhala, he also speaks and TEGds Chin Esa Mandarin). His som and da Light Er gräddLlaited from Oxford and the LSE TEd Har Ward Law School respectively. In Opposition circles, he is referred to as the UNP's answer to Laksh TT a T. Kadir ga mar and Neela F1 Tiruchewam. So what's a nice guy like this doing in a Municipal election? C. Mahendran faced questions from the Editorial StaffS of the Larika Guardianı and Wikalpa, its Sinhala counterpart.
Ch. Mr. Ma fier drar, yOLI WÈre J Serior dїp/блтат. Why are you iл ро!лtics? Why nav - ar vry the UMP?
A. The reas On Why | decided to join the party is the leadership. I saw in Rail Wickremasinghe arrari with a vision. When I was the ambassador to China, Korea and Japan. I had to Work closely With the ther JNP government arid | Saw that the Te Was a great deal of positiwe Content in the programmes which were implemented by that government. Rani Wickremasinghe is the heir to that legacy. The UNP had a very well thought Out development Strategy and they implemented it. Which is why during that period you found our entire country changing. We literally jumped from the feudal age to the modern age, That is why I thought I should help the party and its present leadership to achieve their objectives.
Cl. Why municigal politics? You ara probably the most High profile Tartıl L L uO LSLLSLLLLL S L HHH S S SH L SSLLLLLK YKK S L L L SSKYK
Colолт ба гтшлfcipt agreĖ FC Eber 77 fra לזומן E - EEarחוז
A I'm entering th purely because lie at this juructure. It di I am whether its Fl national governmer that we have top the wheel right no Tot || EffJL.
0, The Presiden, urathלAr חו חBigקוחt:ă гла ат. people st. feg UWF 5. fās fir, ar exăriile Sfie fă g Overr 7 / 77 en 7 is pri aga frast The LTTE UNP-while puttin aurnոՃmy package
Se 5 fEE f7 fJerstrade the Tarr
E PA. A 5 a 73,
A. It is the UNP g dEWE THE TOST TE mørg Thart Browthāng can do, Let's just The FA has promis the Tamil people. E actually done? You WEt af i Tri CCT Jin thupitiya. What is are hHTHS Sed an daughters arĖ tak Er COTE about their Joseph Pararaja Sin about disappJEarā ITICE IT WAT ETTE TE | haying commis disappea rances in : aբբt inting a disappara "CE25 || 9 President is being
 

ality. Why did you סtחi חd ThrowנBrj = Br"
is municipal ElättlE ed to help the party Ö35 II"t T. Hitter Wherei B Illinicipality or the It, Wit TTS ig LIT OLIT SHIJulders to W. THI5 ha 5 to HC
kicking off the PA larus, has said that ffererf grваг/ү шгтгвг Er 7 Tf7f7g7 JL'y 33 355 5 Is Säe fär gr 35EC ffrig ffe Vivar properly-unlike the g pri f'El Table är for the Tariff people. nking a strting pirth re forטיעו טח B/שטEם (ול W/rāfis your Gris Wygr
"ETT ITT TIL : 1r the Tamil people, the PA E TI F ck the ECO ed manythings for But what have they ask the Tamil people, alee, Wallawatte or stheir änswer? Théy i ti s jis Ed in nothing is being CorTıplaints. Tak E gham's complaints Es tha Fresidelt häs :C) är Iswer. They are Si ri5 t B8/89, WHT : CG IIIITS5jOI OT PE 95 and 977 THE B stophist; shE is
Therely playing with Words. I have decided to join the UNP and to contest f the UMP Cālis tie record frūm 1948 up to now clearly demonstrates that the UNP has dari E most for the Tami|| people, For example the first cabinet of Mr. D.S.Semana yake Critained three tir four Tamils from the Jaffna area. There Were a number of Tamils in Dudley's Cabinet as well. Let's take the public ser wice; When C2 war the UNP government Was in office, Tamils - if they were dualified and efficient Enough - got their rightful place. The administration of President Premadasa was absolutely and demonstrably an excellent example of this. That is why I say that the UNP has 10 bil: On Tlat ELLE
As for July 1983. During that time I was residing in Parnarikada which was a greatly affected area. Let TE HE WEarly Very clear: it wasn't the Sinhala people as im Luc Fi W hO did that but a fe. W extrĖTRT ist Eller Tants belariging to both thiE then government and the opposition, July '83 was The ITTOst LInfortulatië iricident that Ewer took pola CE, BLT are We going to dwell On this Torgver? Isn't this time for reconciliation? I believe that LL LLLHHL aL S LaLaHaHLLLLLLL S LLGG LLLLLL
W.
CS TCL LLH CHHGLaH aHtHHLHHLH S uLCLL LYLLKS LLCLCLLGTLaLaLLSLK SS S S SLLLCLS L Ha S LSL L LLLLLLLKKLL LaLCHKCHHCLSLLLLL S SSSS YLLLYYJS u HHHHY S LK SLLLLCCTaLaLHCKaLL HHHCS LKLLLaaLLLL S SYCMa
քarkage ". T 5; Mr. Ganeshalfrigarr also says. Why don't урш agrёв?
A. IWOLld answer by asking a Lastion: for whom is this package. The gCVETTI nTant Says this is the para cea for all ills. Is it really so? Let's say, for argument sake that this package is

Page 7
approved by the Parliament arid the country. How can it be implemented in Haa aaa LLCL LaLLS L LLL LLLLLL S CaLLLaS LaLaa there, on the ground, fighting LISP I do not baigựa ir the Difficial Press; PT y information comes directly from Jaffna. According to that we are in actual effective control of pretty little. We are thETE Iri a few GarTips, Though it is being KaSLa L L K K L aHHHH LL S SL LLLL LLLLLLL of the area, the first Hard information get te||s me that this is II DE TEH || y Sg. Ald the new operation that has been launched - isn't that a purely and narrowly political campaign? I do not think that an ay man worTEm cor child in his or her right Tird Would believe What ThE ցոWErrimaril says,
C, What is WOL. Wision for Color EG - Fr. a pra Efial sense?
A. My first priority both as a Tamil and a Citizen is a clearlier City with ar Orderly system of government where you can get your day tÇ) day CHOITES de Tie in äT) LLLLLL LL LLLLLLLLS LLLLLY Kaaaa LLaaLLLL L aLKHK a dialogue with the Central gover ILIT ent II Ieviate the problem of trave congestion. A clearner City also means taking care of the Environment. There is also the question of housing, Though this is a central Gover rent subject We ICH II dC) SITTI Eath ing in this area as Well, After all the HCLI sing effort was started By Mr. Premadasa. Look at the canal bank, What a differenCE from What it
"VEE
חמוץ BSםם at Itחs saying tו Your DarTW ,ם глаќа ргоптїsвs and instead, гhe estphasis is a policies. This decidfory LauCCC KKK CCHCCCL KHH HuCLHHLHTuuLLLLLL S LCCSL KKS S S S LSLKYSLSLSSLYSSS SLKS S KY 0S S Y S K LLL From 7575 77ā deg EdLFring Gr7, elect forl7 perfedd Which Eye CJNT TE LYMFEfes farer. Take The ë: Trple of Jana. Sa Vya. If Was LSLSYSLLS SL aaLC LLCL K SKS GHCmHGCH u LLLLumuaH HaauHCLHHLLL KC S L G S K KKK SKLLS LL uL SSS Y LLLLLLLa LSaLLLLLLLLK LK uL S SK LLLL GGaaG CmLmtHC CCCHLmmuHGHGu CCHuGTTLLLLL and progra Tries of his gover firrier E. KSuS S S Laa LLLL aa SLaCLL LCLLLMLmLmLL00SS LGuHHS hope Can yoLi offer TFE FEICT) rafE; WFGT сал г/igy eaхдвст fгалт урш? Why sfiguld T/7gay WJʻtEa for yEOLr?
A, I agrВЕ with you. What our party Til Earls i 5 that it Wi|| mot Taka falsE promises; it will only make promises it CBF Implement. It W|| not behawFlike the PA, which promised EWE rything and de||Wereld nothing. We Will not lie to the
people but We Will Very seriously,
0 r. futu HFB Fliki How are yош gofлд г.
A. |T1 SJrting Jut ari բrareզuisite is com COT1 rTnitrThEer ht you are | Ճng years in C է COLTElt of the
CT CHIFF I TE || || peoples of China, T sawing, which, tran: Teads a5 “OWri strený There is no other We Expect aid froT Look at China; toda the ITSElves; they call want and disregard
the greatest Contribu Party of China madt: experience is one
inspiration and Conf
O. WIWha? Would you
__ * |fkEd #
A || WOL || || Ike Colt like Washington, Wi | Uit Of Open park
function as the LIII: you can do th BSE thi people. Once again. of MPElias, TF to fly. Wit. With high ris ES, THE Carl Eje Used H5. El g
"Way We Carl grEB1
MT. PTE1 Egi Ir
FI TE WES BI SWETTO rise buildings and tr like bringing a flow This Way We . environment by gre:
O2, F&J/ftifika/parTñé2S fä? ofy Eās pārti:LI, הם "יוםELIT h 5כניתוח
practilise? Let's take : yOLI 57' ve the Jr. disposä/?
A. We need urgent fi||5: Where should LF you hawa to thin inci TErators :: this is : city car not do y TIE Find Is II divisi biodegradable and
Biodegradiabłe garb ITO fig Liliser, NJTË
 

taka OLIf pramises
Fig гтлагтү proгтni8ё5, p impleалтепf thепт?
y problem the first litt Wit Lut Iicithing, spant B lila I saw the Corrurist Party Lice it had of the File Chirile se have a islated in tC English, ti; Hard Struggle". ay, HOW long Carl Foreign COLITitriËS? y thву сап гвspвсt 1 do whatever they ta 'WWII ril, fit li
LHE CUTTLSL This example and of my sources of
dEl CE.
םח גם לו החםIםr: DחA/Hן י
TE0 IO 00, a bit th lot of Iregs, and a fă5 Which can g5 of the City, Ard ngs Without hurting take the example 1 Et is WHL WWE HEVE 3 raplaC2 TB1BrmEEF"1its a rest of the է, բHLE arden, a park. This шг сity. This is what 1 MaligaWatte. That Today it has high EE || || Ed Toads. It is =r Out of a šWartip). Hf Dr. CTH, GT DLII 3ri ing Lir cities.
sk, loudyabaLT Their arly during elector wa LI LI LI If these I rn IO in example. How do }Ėer T7 is garbh ag E
ly to look into land E -li fi|E EE THEr about installing Something a modern Lt. TFE test H էիք garbaցB BS non biodegradable. age Carl Eble tLurified of these things are
being done now. Land fills are regarded as the only solution to the problem of garbage disposal. We have to change this.
a 0S LTSL LY LYSLLLLS S S S L S SSLSL K K HM KSLL0KLLSSa00LLKS quas for 7. Ff, a 5 yı7Ł Say Ft Wa5 ffing LVWP LLLHLSL S S SLLSSuLLS S S SLLLSLLK S LL LaL SL S SL S L S S LSLSSLS S SLLLLS w doma wa ara In Thisטeople, than hנץ 5ιτυaτοπ Itյday?
A. This Is What the government is Elso saying, The Presiderit hOWE W Er has Forgotten what was do ng by the governments headed by her father and het rimligt här. Take 1956 för Example and its repercussions. Theri take the arTy - low rary Tamils are there in the army? Who is responsible for this? It is the SLFP In 1948 dur first Sri Lankan army aaHaHHaLLLLLLLS LLLLLLLLS SS SLLLLLLaLCH LLL LLLLLLLLLLL was a Tamil. Look at the way we the UNP, are responding to the PA's package and the way they responded to the UNP's '81. DDCs, the '84. All Parties Conference and Alex Life C, the '86 Political Parties Conference, the 'B' LLLLS LLL LLSLu LL S L S S S 00S S 0LS S LLSLLaLLaLLLL LLLLLLSKLLt LLaaK LaLaaaHHK S LK LLLLLLS LLLKK responsible for the pust HCCord rigt 5 WE LL LLaLLJ LLLLLLJY LSu LLLL S LLLaLLL LaLLLL LLL this elections the most importantissue is not the so-called package but the livelihood of the people, And the Tamil people ar Suffering more Under the PA thar they did under the UNIP, We must KKa SLaaLaLaLLaaa aH L LLLL LLL LLLLK L LLLL were able to consolidate our authority in the Easterm Province. The PA has today La LLL LLuLLLaK K aHHLLLLaLS LLKS LLLLLLL ProvincB. MGarleshäiriga mis today talking about the package. But this is Laa LLaaLaaL L LL LLLLL S LLLLLLaaaLLS SLLLLLLSL LLSL L S S S S L LLLLLLL SS SLLSL S a a LLLLK S LLLLL L population in Colombo 50%, a FE Tror TI LaLa K LL aaaS LLLLL LLLLHH SaaLaaLaa LLL the upcountry. For the Jaffna Tamils security and transport are the important LKaLaKKS SS L LL LLL S aL LS L Ha L S K important is the Struggle to achieve and maintain a decent living standard which meals water, electricity, Sanitation and health, These pfũblEms thay häựa |m L HHHL H H H KL LK S LYS SKLK LLLK
Muslim people. We MLIStremember that
we are going to be elected to solve the problems of all these people; to help all these people to live.

Page 8
PROSPECISFOR CONRLICT RESOLUTION INSO
Dr. Maqsudu
(The author, who is Senior Research Scholar at the Irist Studies, Islamabad, is Visiting Professor, Dept of Defer aLLLCCLLLLSLLLTCCCLS L SKLTLCCCL LCLCLCLLCLLCC SLCLLLL CCCK LCLL LCuCLLC Y S
the Henry E. Stimson Centra, Washington DC).
LESSON 4: DURABILITY AND RESILIENCE
Anoth Ear || Esson | Garmt för Flea EastWest experience is that despite many KK 0S LL S Ku a LG H 0 S SSS S LSS S SS LL LL LaLLLL SUPETPOWEr relations, the negotiation process was not broken off. When CETTEdin F1 GT1 = CC1 di LJCI W e politi Call developments took place, for instance, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979), the former USSR-inspired Crackdown on the solidarity movement in Poland (1983) Eric LHE MATO decision to deploy intermediate range missiles in Europe (1984), deterite did suffer but the CBM talks involving EntוחחחVEם g-וחסון tdחT aחEוחחverטg groups kept the negotiations process going.
Alth OUghi CFCLITriStar CBS and COrtExt:S differ, it is nevertheless useful to gain from the experience of the precursor C: Confidarı Ce gerierati CTI mimaa su Tes EFTmployed and SÕITIE att ETT PtS at Conflict resolution in the Middle East, LH LITT A Ti Erica (Argerti na Brazil), the FBI Clific, Koreaan Perniiri, SLIH, CEITHILFra|| A Terica, including South Asia.
The Middle East peace process has no doubt got stalled with the Israeli Likud party leadership following a rather Stubborn stard but the Stakes in FIDFrmalisati Orland Search fOrp BBCë 3 rië Wery much there after signing the first Oslo Agreertinent || September 1993) and the second Oslo AgreerTent October 1995) and with separate t Teaties sig med With Egypt, Jorda Tañid Palestinians. The fact that Lebanon and Syria hawa sti|| not sigręci treaties Withi
Israel does not sig
TOCESS Willed parties liri thie Mid-d i T1th Eft|LI TE OF THE
"JIII CCTTIFLE. To negotiations keep (11) If ther Eis any it is the kindling Western Europeari Far EE FT THE MM. and CtյrltaLits է Btww: party and the PLO CCT LCt5 EETWEE Leadership and ti Weiz. THT, 12 || M. Elected US Prest ՀGrile hope Of BrՃ։ East. Although the faced many "trauri BCCording to the QL of State Warran C. demOTStrated grea aid Israelis a RE means " | 13)
LESSON 5: DU RESII. One of the lessor Middle East peace played by the Os 1993 E. WEEI Palestiniar rieg negotiators were fËSpettive gover T. the parlays to take Cha T T El ir 5tEdad publicity. The fear to th ere 3:5: ED0 thgower BT di WCC al anti-pa: WEFE El OLL LO 53 OTOCESS - thLIS Calj5 TOf thler lead ETS.
 

UTH ASIA
| Hasan Nuri
tute of Regional Cg and Strafagic isiting Fellow at
nify that the peace y Wither a Way, Al | East have a stake | peace proCESS and TOPE TO peace if he parties engaged. fedeeming feature, filterast 50 powers (Britain and idle East statemate 2en thë ISTHE || LabDUr together With new
the Pal Eesti Tilar Ed Israel President ÖTEOwer, With a TBerit, the FE is als qrESS II r I thie Middle
peace process has as” in thepastуваг, tgoing US secretary
Ehristopher, "it has
E fe Silli ETCE ... Arabs
know What War
RABILITY AND
IENCE
S derjyEL fra IT Fe process is the role C meeting in early the Israeli aid otiators. These ||| TOL CHI With EHBIT tents who preferred
police I r the backf the fL|| gare of failure was always "Ti Tients had Strong Ce | UbEGi ES WHICH botage any peace ing embar Tassiment
...
To a great extent, this also holds true Til the Case gif | Tlodia and PakistāTI, THE poison LIS at Findsphere of mutual bitter less and fear can only be dispelled by Serious, qui Et diplOTTIECZY. Once the government representatives have under taken confidential negotiations a Way from speculative and Drying pressa Tid media, ther El Can be greater ChanCes Of SUCCESS Of Course, the governments Will have to Cultivate public opinion by encouraging Open debate for some title. Besides, the Se talks Will ha vE LOb e Carried sul under the close guardianship of their respective governments With geri Line national interests close to heart.
L0L L LL LHH LLLSS KS SL SLSa S S SS LSL erroneously equated with the Camp David Accords (1978) and thus easily misunderstood. For one thing, there was no US role in the Oslo process as in the Camp David ACCOrds, SGCOrdy, the Oslo process Caring into affect. Once the Madrid peace process falled to produce results. Thirdly, unlike the Ca Tip DWY Fid taks, the Oslo negotiations did mot directly in WOIWE Officials from the PLO and Israel. The Camp David process was initiated by the then US president Jimmy Carter Oslo by the Norwegian deputy foreign Tinister Jan Egland, who in his doctora dissertation tried to operationalise Norway's potential role
as anintermediary in bilateral dispLITES.
The delegates from Israel and Palestine Were mostly academiCS WHO di SCUSSed the then political situation threadbare in H fTEC and Collegal en Vir On ITIENIt And, finally in the Oslo talks, then Israeli prima minister Yitzhak Rabin Was mot SLIPPO Ttive of his foreign LLLLLL LL L aaHH L L LSKL S KK a L S S S SaSS SLSLSL Concede to hirT1 later.
CONCLUSIONS AND FINAL REMARHS
The generic lessons drawn above Will have to be tailored to the specific context of South Asia. The hard reality is that India and Pakistan hawe not yet gone beyond certain conflict avoidance and some confidence building measures. Presently, a state of "uneasy peace" or "armed peace" Exists in Suth Asia Fid the fresh Wilds of the post-Cold War World have not affected

Page 9
the Subcontinent. Nuclear Weapons along with the military build-up CO rtiri Lies armi t ll 3: rimajor LI rl ras lwad problems such as Kashmir cast dark LLLLLL LLLL KK LLLL LLLLLLL LLLKLLLLaLKS In fact, Conflict resolution has got short shrift from both parties to the conflict in South Asia.
It is a serious reflection on the LLLLaLLLL LL LLLLLL LL S L0at LLLLLLS LCLLLLL S Flers to past great Civilisations - that they should continue to bicker and fitter away their energies and rest Lյrt as on War-mongaring and senselessly arring themselves. Their people, nearly one fifth of humankind live in grinding poverty, Stark illiteracy and disabling diseases. Indeed, South Asia is like a big "poverty bowl" whereas other regions of the world have raced past into different stages of progress and prosperity, No wonder, many outsiders sometimes view with disappoint Tent and disdain, the "painful squabbling" of the two principal nations of the Subcontinent.
Logically pB a CE should descend in South Asia as both India and Pakistan a TFP noW der Tlocracies and dem Ocracies Brise are capable of handling their problers Without recourse to war and by entering into aspirit of dialogue and In Bogotiations, Unifo rt Liu Iha Eely, both derinocratiElshawel diffic Lil Ħies: Pakistan being a fragile and insecure democracy while India Suffering from overarching BTıbİt|örıs Of becorTling a global power and its inability to live in harmony With its SITna||er neighbours. India has to inculcate some modesty and empathy TOT E HE SECLUTİty CONCEarns of its smaller neighbours, Morer war, as a bigger COL-try, the OILS lies with India tataka LLL aLLLLLLLaaL L L L L L L L L LLLaS S aaLaLL LSS At the same time, Pakistan must learn to rECOTICII e itself to T1 dia" s size, resources and population in So Lith Asia - List as some Nordic countries such ns Denfrark, Holland and BelgiuTT have Të arrit to reconcil e With Germany's strength without compromising their national pride, independence and sՃVBreignty,
Very recently, a historic treaty, albeit not very Well known, was signed between Hungary and Rumania, thus ending a thousand years of historical para Cia ardim Orbid efinity between
thaffh, Whif= ft 15 | the End Of historic; this treaty is very S. Europe 日S
TEICOT CliatĪCITI WIS (14). Perhaps it coul EttET TOT SO Luth A
antagonism is notic History is witness
and enmities have enemies of the pa DEST f Frie circumstances cree for nations just lik SitLätis Create Hope Carn grow", SE Seam Luis Hearly [15] says an acute obse that nearly 40 diffe bВЕП ГпаđG TO Stir dialogues bet WEET in the recent years. while many of the bECOTE dor TTlalt, 5 form of regular e. Maybe, this could
Catalyse the pr0 resolution in South
Historical disputes alive by invokings HIStory, Ard his argument without e MITC li ball I do ritra 5a Tema ns of thap DBCOTE EFE FLIT something that no
Til till E LII| timate ar real and durable p: lies through the CE Pakista ETI 2 Li Major powers could as mediato T5'faC "heavy lifting" for have to be done by FOr, it is thB WeI|- bi of theirteerming mil and hiërice therB 18 "garble" for peace
Erldnotes
11 Ric-Fard N., Haa55 No More Treatie Wolf 5, No.5 (* 1996), pp. 53-t
12 Ahmed Rashid : TE: JITIT a 101 between the tW
 

o early to predict h Luts and Fitrid5, ificant for central FT a TCC - G B Tari for West Germany. d alsO act Bs a trend sia, India-Pakista
Stined for Bernity that past rancours melted away. With st turning into the S. Tries and te new perceptions 3 individuals. New la spaca in Which ays the Irish poet, It is hardly known, rver of South Asia, rent attempts ha WE nulate non-official Il dia ärld Pakista F1 According to him, Se initiativGS have The COIL. In the kcharge Of idās. initiate and finally cess Of conflict
Asia.
are sort times kept elective periods of tory is itself an Ind. As Sen, George id: "|If the fOCLUS ast, the past Will LJTE а Пf that 15 OTIE Can deSITe".
alysis, the road to Bace in South Asia pitals of India and an anywhere else. at best render helpo Lators, but the peace will finally India and Pakistan. ing and prosperity ions that is at stake 10 Choice but tO
"The Middle East: s", Foreign Affairs. eptember-October 3.
dROTESF1 Thakur Jslo-type talks countries firstly,
people-to-peoples, then official to Official and fira|| y boat WEET heads of stata. Consult "put India and LLLSKLLLaSLL LLLS S L S L S LSL LSSSS LL Peace", international Herald Tribune. 11 August 1995, p. 6
13 Molis Ahma, "Perica Process End Secret Diplomacy", The News, Islamabad, 29 August 1996, p.W.
14 Donald M. Birken G. Alfred H. Moses, "A Farewell to Tragic Past", Dawn, Karach, 13 October 1995, p. 13
15 A5 (LIotad in Gerry Adams
President of Sinn Fein, the political Wing of the IRA), "Dialogue is the Only way forward", Dawn, Karachi, 20 February 1996, p. 11.
Ver so and children drowned wi n
censingle statement
of condolence from any
a leader. Sinhalao
offron any civile
anisation. The State and
E.
| . ந்
otherwise hyper articula nenand womenof Alanielite intelig
tragedy seeins to impactatalon sin oc while it is being cynical exploited foris propaga
the Northan East, caught Есеп al risensitivestiani state and
ofte one hand afi an

Page 10
JRAND THETA
D. L. O. Mendis
At the firme Fe, Carring foi po War FFTË passificaria fe gmotorallisrr) of er nic Conflict had periodically broken through The parla Teritary garfie, And little had Eeen dor7g FC Turri The SL/E/e CTF Wë after for of the populace fron selfregarding ethnic rivalry. But I Was his tragedy to Ilia we been in po Wera ta' Tirrea
LaLaLLLLS aLL0L K 0SL KKLK KLL LLLLK aa peak. JR suffered from the double misfortune of following sa Ven years of гарfdly deteriorating соглптшгтаІ LLLLLSLLGLHHLGL SSLLaaL S LSLLCLLSSYLLLLLLLLHH LL S S SKL L L gøvernment's misguided policiss Hold Fra Virgo deal With Mrs Gandhi Who Was in power in Irla frOrr 1980 Or Wards. To be sure any, Indiar Prime Minister Watchā ya had To rešpor’d fr7 SC3772 Way to the Excite Tigrit in South India that f5ffg' fra T Wie/eff a'i FfC C&J Tf|Cf i'r Sri Lanka but only sỢr775C775 like fier would have given RAW, India's version of the CIA, the free rein it used to give directa 55:ssa FCG FC FETH FF77 Separa fist rigyer77gr7F IIT Sri Lärkä.
It is really incredible to read that "IF was His Tragedy to ha We Beer in pCWer YSYHYLLLL LLLCCL CLaLL HtlLL LCCauaCaa their paak". The truth is that after the Five-Sixth's majority in partiar honent, given by a trusting electorate, was used to change the 1972 Republican Constitution and west virtually total power in the new executive President as head of state, he along Tust be held reponsible for a II that happened thereafter. We may say therfore that, it was Sri Lanka's tragedy, of JR's, that He was "in power at the firma fhe Frostilities reached their peak". In other Words To historia ar absolwe |iT Of major if not sole reponsibility for the Scalation of hostilities and Violence after he castle top OWer.
However, Professor KM de Silva does not stop at that unfortunate, misleading and unfair Comment. He goes on to blame Mrs Bandaranaike for JR's "political inheritance" vis-a-vis the Tamil ethnic problern.
"If his predecessor as head of goverf7 Terit – Mrs Bardaranalike = Filad rict been so shortsighted as to sow the whir|Wirid in The Lirithiriking way she did
D
irl. Ile 197US sie OLI. EEE Ft Life fer f. || Therance, so far: yās COTCGTed Wi The poisoned chalic
THIS SLETT analysis. Ils Mrs being held respo tiss Sialexists today? She PF0FGSSOP KM de '''Fllrlylsd“ and |Ef| "IDJO: Milica/ irrieri ta' ITC virtually total powe irri mense good W Squand'ered? Sta SLIggestafutiteatte to do what godhi change the past,
PHOTES SOT alst eացkes mEր
ECOS :
"HE FE 7Er happened to him Sir FTSE FISSES hisрапу алdhe cc ал шпpleasant plac had fade the 70 him and his party"
MT5 E-Ild politics when JR Wide S5" after elei S, SWIRD a W that EEC tյf |Flt "Sirl Hale introduced the "Si SE EE Tar Tills Fereafter. "Sinhala Only" Witt Was the describe goddsense". Next tha Baldarānā ikE pact, but this Was E of organized opp TFT T R Fir: in the "political Wilc having been de electorate, Kelarity: Who Contested af the 1956 electior Dambadeniya, Pri. Take STO rif Ert disruption of the
 

MILS
LO MendiS
(салта плау Well have Tigri, JR'5 political as the Tamil minority JLJ Tejo PH Logo Elgogr ET LUFT757, 7L FfC Eē."
ent defies objectivë Ball där är i kĒ TO W site for the total sa Ti Telations that had, according to silwa, "So Wed Ig poor JR a terrible E" state that Wä5 ThiS USEId, ard ill of the people ET Ct5 || KE THESE Tipt to rewrite history, ITSElf Garmindt do, t0
KM de Silva its of the 1956
T7FE FE W17 à 1 h 3
II. 135É Whart II. E: häd ILIrréd ägäsriss Urdw/wid yr ECall Whaf e Mrs Eārdā Fārā skE 'fa' Wigg FF555 fr
tranaike W5 mot in was in "the political the 1956 general Bandaranaike Who ion With the support Se ma S-SES, Earn cd hala only" bill, had Tipts to appease the Firstly, he qualified 1 "TETi asi yli 3d as "bad logic but he tried to negotiate - Chelwa nayakam brogated on account ըsition led by none self, Who Was in fact gress" at that time, feated in Fis own a, by RGSenanayake | WotWo seats at is, the other being Pf35SCr KM de SWë
rice at all to JFR'S B-C pact, but tries
that Barıda,raflak: policies had antagonized the Tamils. and that JR 15 to maki dTEIT dS
"When ha fook Office I'm July. 1977, fie prompty sarabăLtdvertirilirg the principa) eда дгlevances ата discгіллілаІогу геgшlatioлs iлһегїfaа from the Earī dara rafka period. SOFTE of friese were ferrewed through LLLLHHLKLKLKCCLK LLaLaLaLaL KHL0aLL LL soornas ha, Ca TIg topJoy-yer – such as [ing UFgovernmen's CCITTOVErsja PIO/CES sr ursversity education - WHIIB (öff Er changes - вspecially огт апgшаge ewח policy = were effected through The COinS TITLITICIP7 in froidLCE diri 1973."
So Tig ten years the äSSäSSinä liOT f SWRL Bandaranalike, the proposed Dudley Sena nayak C = Chelwa na yaka T1 pa CT Wa5 a ISQ a band Olmed On a CCùil Lurity of similar protests by Sinhala groups, Who of course had the precedent of the successful protests, led by JR, against Eh, G. eariero Ba F1 dara rai k O = Chelwaniaya kari, pact, to El Tulate, Blut, after his historic electoral Victory at the free and fair general elections
organized by Mrs Sirimawa Bandaranai ke's government in July 1977, at least one political
Commentator, AC de Soyza, des Gribed With passionale eloquence, JR"5 actions in disrupting the BC pact, as arl actiJT That Say Ed thE Taligrl FrJITI being di Wided. This is not T1 entioned by Professor K.M. de Silva, but his passing COPTiments. On the two pacts that were both abrogated before they could HE introducer in Farlament, make interesting reading:
זם TEחhe early 1980s a SchEו חו devolution of power o district leva Councils (25 frial) was Irroduced as part dľa polifica/saTT/EITIGT! WIEF) (FĒ Sri Lапќал Талліїs, a major доІЛІcal achievement considering the failure of nerve on the part of Bandarana/ke and Dudley Sananayake in the la le 19605, When they had confronted the same problerrl."
So, we have to accept that it was a question of nerve that decided these issues and JR's role in causing the BC pact to be scuttled in 1958, with all the grie:VOLIS COrsequen CES resulting, is not mentioned. Instead credit goes to JR who used his draconian majority In parlament to Introduca a schE ITIE of devolution of power to district have COEFICIS"
"Yet these COLICIS failed fog. We a CLuuuLLLLLL SLLYCCL LaMMtaLLK K MLGMDuTK

Page 11
pgāC. Asā resu offie vicence of July
7933 The politica s Lupport, Tror the Tamils, for these councils evaporated Täpidyārld Thay Were abärldoried in less Ffiar (WC) years Of Their estabilish T7e7f."
The "Violence of July 1983", is In entioned thus, almost in passing. However, this was a Cve more significant landmark in the breakdown of relations between the Sinhalese and Tamil peoples, during JR's regime, than the disruption of Jaffna Development Cum Cill electio 15 il 1981, Sg Wara II facts CONICEFining this Wiolencia hawe therefore to be Tientioned here. For example, the possibility of an outbreak of violence on July 21, had been anticipated by police intelligence in Colombo, but the message was not well received by higher authority. A request to cancel the burials Scheduied to taka place at the general Cemetery, Kanate, on July 21 TOrning. When the arrival of the retails from Jaffna was being delayed, and to disperse the funerals to the respective Willages of the thirteen dead soldiers, Was negatived, presumably by JR as Suporer T1C Commander of Sri Lanka forces. When the expected civil Commotion and rioting started in Colombo after the funerals that night, and spread to the outstations, there was no declaration of a state of Emergency by government for four long days. During this till thousands of in Ocert Tails Wera massacred Hy organized mob5 armed with Weapons, and voters lists, through Which they were able to identify the residences of Tamil people in CDr.
After four agonizing days, the first D pār televisi vā5 fre civil servant who had been convicted in the 1962 attempted coup d'etat against Mrs Bandaranaike's government, and acquitted only in appeal to the Privy Council, Himself a Sillaese, he appealed to the Sinhalese people to "be calm", thereby implying that the "Sinhalese people" were responsible for the outrages, and not thugs and criminals. The President appeared on TV Only on the fourthday, with a statemant that he would not allow the country to be di Vidd, and arri OLICO a 6 amendment to his 1978 constitution, whereby all members of parliament and public servants had to Swear an oath of loyalty to the State. He did not utter ge Word of apology or regret to the aggrieved Ta Till peoples.
One other event may be Tentioned - the slaughter of Tamil political prisoners in Welikada all on
tW0 Separata OCCa simply disclaimed that it Was the TE(Interestingly, whE break by Tarti pol Batticaloa jail sc Mister 1 a proceeded to appointment in obviously been ne: period of time, ear came at the right II as apparent cause principale. It de Celiwe: Was Well-kW suffered from an disga SG for Which | anxiĝus to 5 Bek trE state expense, episodd did not cau because there Wer things happening o LIlde JR'S SEIf - (Eוחregi
In the iTTE July 1983 massa iSSUed a statemer a broad It t l - Ti "sportaneous out erIragedby fra klin Ir7 ar1 ir Tibush fr , kbeping With earlie by responsible ca reported in the pres: IF To F70 FF s'offre
a tacklash against
a reas". This do Winrig Sp0Tn tar180LIS LIprisir people" was actually Rights meeting in
1983. Though it w immediately by amot irreparable damage Sri Läka's hi uTlal
UN. By this StateFTIE:
The new wer: FlE WICECG Wa3 g Pre Sident a TITIOLITICe political parties w responsible, and the driven underground. |lad been Banner a is rect Bandaranaike's gow leaders throwninja these persons from asked them to part COIT L.E.S|Ed t||E 15 elections. He had High i wotes, and fiat: patition against JR a malpractics.
As if to justify
1982, JR ad Stati
 

Sigos, GowerTTEgrit "esponsibility, saying sult of a Prison rjöt. in there was a jailitical prisoners from BoT 1etirline bater, The ge resig med and lake Lupo an UN Päri5 Wi gotiated over a long lier, The jail - break CITIETıt tÜ DELISBC 38 for resignation on id nobody, became it that the Minister
al Tost i CL Table ha Was desperately Batment 3 EsÖ3 - ät The Whole Sordid se special comment far TDT dreadful in a day to day basis
styled dha Tista
date aftermath of Cres, gOVèrn Terit It to its TTEJE SEG S ÖfS WBr- dLE t - 3 JiriSf Ety Sir7 ha sasa g of thirteen soldiers affirma", this was in I stataПЕПS ITlade Eift MiiStarS aS that "ffff 7e Wisc/gCg Sop, Tere Would be as in Shalese ht blasphemy of "a ng by the Sinhalese y Stated if I HLE Geneva in August as replaced almost her version, virtually
had been done to rights image in the
lt,
šiol of the Ca Luse of qually bizarre, The d that three marxist "ete know to be y Were barı ned and
Of these, the JVP fter their attempted 971 against Mrs J theirשחI, aחסוחחחB l, JR had released ail in 1977, ard Fhad y leader had even 382 Pre SidŠTitia| Holled Lunexpectedly filed as election Efterwards, allegirig
the Referendull of sd that if general
elections had been held, a "Naxalita äKCCyWEr“ WOLld häWD raSuigd. In H similar manner the JVP was now being blamed for the violence against the Tasnils, something which only the dichard loyalists of the UNP could belyg. The JWP or the other hard believed that their leaders's election petition against JR after the 1982 Presidential election was responsible for their present situation. To those who knew modern history, however, it Was Simply a case of history repeating itself, the precedent being the Krystal aght violence against the Jews in Hitler's Gormany, exactly fifty years
earlier in 1933, which had been
bola med On the CorTITunistS.
The Indian investigative journalist Dr Claude Awares, visited Sri Lanka to research the background to the July 1983 incidents, immediately after the tragic events, and met and intervie Wedmanya WIP, Inathreepage article in the Illustrated Weekly of Indian in August 1983, he quoted three theories Fehliad heard ab OLit the Causa of the WiölleriÇö. JR had Said that the "reds" were responsible, while Cabinet Ministers Cyri | Mathe W and Anandatissa de Awis had blamed the "India 15"3 al "USEE Haid respectively. Now, Professor K.M. de Si IV a. 5 Earns to hawe placed the responsibility on Mrs Bandaranaike for the Worsening relations between the Sinhalese and Tamil peoples that eventually led to the violence of July 1983. This surely is credibility reductio ad afts'LIrja T.
Corting to the 1987 Peaco Accord and the arrival of an Idian Peace Keeping Force in the country, Professor K.M. de Silva says:
"The corrowers a decision to bring in the IPKFowed a great deal to
WF's Josifica a CLIFTTE Tā ir 7 d'asfLife är ir 77 o wa five ir 77 frid, ELFf Fg krig Wy as much as any of his critics that despite as the efforts of the IPKF resoustion of this probler77 was as e/Lusswe as ff had been before they came In. When thirigs began to go wrong for the IPKF and the objectives assigned in support of that Venture were patently beyond practical accomplishment, many of
Rajiv Gandhi's Indian critics argued
that he had fallen into a trap laid for
- Fir 77 by The Willy Sri Lärkar Presider f.
JR imself wished this had been so, but for orl7CEE FC Filad of CČr) frygd hig discom/їIшга ofап орролепIIhrougha complex schатта, ‘ -

Page 12
This statement, quoted with emphasis as in the Original, is quite as COITTI Plax as the Tia Tit de SCri EES. III thig first instance it seers to suggest that the IPKF came in on JR's invitation, but it then gods on to say exactly the opposite, and one is left Wondering if JR had had his a TT twisted. What is interesting is that JR imself had corne LaL K LLLL Laa LLaaLLLL aaLaaaaaS It is almost as if posterity is left to chose whicheVer version it may prefer. In a LLLLLL LLLL LLLaLLLL LL LLL LLLL L aaHLLS which was aggravated and |nfEFIlātionalized by the arriwal Of The IPKF and later led to the assassination of one of the signatories to the pact, the Prime Minister of India himself, it really does strain cradulity to its liris.
PTSS KM E SIWE 155 LLaLLLLLLLLLS aLL L LL LLLLL LaL S a LLL Accord
Here CTs rTatחfaffEחבְּרָfhEviחalas Iחםctasiם of the Indo-Sri Lanka freaty of July 1987, was nearly overwhelmed by straaf dermars fra fins organized by ffila SLFP L 000000SLLLLHHHH S LLLLLLLH K S KK LC LK Wurmukhi ParaПлипа. His courageous refusal to be Intimidated by the violent public dermarkstrations Organized by Iris combination of Orcas provides a Sfark Cornfrası (o Garidara FlaK 3'5 repudiator of his pact with סן חסPEGSItiם ThB חWhE וחWakaחChElva it was a rHEre frifle Compared to that this חס rganized by the SLFPס ՃՃt:asitյր,
This is a classic exa Tiple of the historian atternpling to do What god Cannot do - to change the past, and reWrite history. Where is the evidence that to SLFP in association. With the JWP organized street de Tonstrations against the Indo-Sri Lanka treaty ? On the contrary, one may recall that unorganized and spontaneous resentment against the treaty erupted allower the country outside the north and east, because it was sprung on the LLLSa LLL KLa aL LLLL LLLL LL LLLLaL 0KLLLS S L parliament. The at tempted assassination of Rajiv Gandhi by a nawal rating, Who clubbed him With his rifle during the ceremonial guard of HOITO LIF CCC TEd the di PTiTE LLaaLS LLLLLLaa LL S LaK KLaLaLLLu LLaa LaLL uS sig i the Teaty, Was a good Example af FLutila Expression of Such TESE F1 triment. Newartheless, the rating became an instämt popular har to the So Luth, and in other parts of the Country not long after,
When the IPKF, after the initial euphoria
had worri off, came to be seen as an
army of CCCupationi
Incidentally, tIS IIC Ident that " Colapsed dLe to head OneWSITE accomplained by pic 0 L Prof5. TOT I mertin this, bi ērlhāFICE Jr's CrediEJ is tempted to spa. Was trying to convin had happer ed Wa: affecting a rating, Ti|rid Oil Fre... Tänifes treaty.
Description til Badilikig
is "El Tera Fe Organized by the Si FIFTIG OCCā5fOFI" SE3E3 purpose. Cine is ti lacked courage, opposition to the E by JR Was not : Compared to the op Sri Lanka treaty. B b00st JR's image ! that Of Balda Taria|| with JR loyalists, Orle WILD Flig Stat given the contextua 195g he W. parliamentarian
parlia Tentary Opp C
tC} rE35O| W3 3a EOLur problem. In 1987 With total power WF a could do anyth
TITETE WOTE T E Was Using that pCW throats of a protest which he had signe to Pirit,
TWC filla necessary. First, attempt has beer KM da Siwa'S HiS essay to present EVELS Erid EClig II: standpoint. GiWon JR's biographer, thi This critique of th; seeks to interprets objectively and W present som SalterT and historical Pers| |լ ԷՒitL|ri ԷյB stattti Extensive body of upon for a Tora Con at a la tertining, if SLIK article. Is consides E.
SOCOld, an irTriportant, ata tirTI B
 

Ille Irlad Eggl
JR'S CJIITETE OF а лаva/ гаїїпg had
File:EI-SFC Ake WS |la art urld the World, LLUITES EJ Fleiricid ETL. Ir KM de St|WH HDB5 E2CELLI E Ft Idirdi little EE) |ity, HWE Ver, Ce L|Eller WHE|||Ef JF EE 15E |f|a| W | EL dLIB to haatstroke I DTEdET TO SILIE FIES է LIIIբսբularily of the
of the opposition tց Chelwanayakar.T pact Compared to that FP FICTIS VIVES OF 50 a E LE SWW til SWFRD) fle CTS La 15 3-C pact, Organized SOTI E thing f Garful positior to the IndoםI וחEaחח ,tsחiםנן חזם y Comparison With i.e., will go down Well Eut it doë5. Tot add Ire as a statesman, background. For in E a tiefeat Et| Organizing extraisition to a proposal ցEքrling national WES LIEPTES E Ft Olad boasted that ing except [Take Ba. WOTEIT : T13.II, WTO fer to TaTi dOWT THE ing people, a treaty di WithCOLE TETEG TETICE
CC.TT. El 5 a FE it appears that an made III Professor Iorical biographical an interpretation of S, frOfT a Particular Eator's role is ES LITE Stade. Bat essay, Therefore OFTE of those facts, | || GLJL. II||alicië, Hind lative interpretations Electives. However, that a WCT TOrg FICES TEdyba E dra WT1 riprehensive: Cfitique cha folloW LIPI to this сі пecessary.
perhaps far (TOrg We the executive
Fresidericy in Sri Lanka has stil rigt bE elabolishedas ProTTISEd, and Expected i 5 a SErial.J5 bLISinos 5 kg gloss over Tisdeeds of a previous
HLLLLHHHHaaH LS LLS aaK uK LL a this extraordinary office. It is Vary dangerous to be COTiplacent WFian such an all powerfull office exists as a Head of State Who is towe the law Df the_land, WhñSa HCTIOrls 'Tlay DE determined, Without pro-defined checks and balances, soley Or the arbitary basis of his or her Whins and
ETC.E.S.
It ma W b) G arg LIB Id that thi13 scholarly Endeavour of th= distinguished historian ProfesSOT KM de Silva, o present events in a light āVUrāble arīd kirīd to tēSLibject of his Werk, is ilsElf Edsgebied a TEFIE CLICIT as any of the agonizing Crisis that the Whole COLINI try is Caught Lup) in, as a result of adopting the Presidential System and the Constitution of 1982,
THIE 고로모Pl로 gf SI lik LLL0LHuu LaLL aaL KaaLaaaHaLLLLL a aHHLmLLLLSS
TTTEITT II - III:t LLLLLL LLLL S S S S L L L K S S S S a
in F GC MBritis MEmigrial lattLITE |ր 19ցD էյw Jյիր M Flightart Isrլ THE rքըtէ:
i rin WIլի լIs Irլ Շլյr Stյt|ETW, and in the PfËSid Earhitlåt i SystèTI FESËålf. THES HERTSH LS SLSL LLLLLL a L S S S LLLL S S L LL LLLLLS SS LLLLLL S S LaLLSLLL S L LL aLLa S K Ou LLK a
ācili d ir SI Laika FOI ESEEEE| E. LILLITE
|1. Cgrle|LIsjön, II Tilay be useful LK LH LK a aauLL LL LL aLK historical experience of authoritarian Tula in Other Countries, for Exårlige in South Korea and Singapore, in Alsa, in tilli E CEI ritra li AfriCarl Reap Lublic artd SoTTalia, in Africa and in Chile a Tid Haiti, in Latin ATIgrica, to la FTG just a few nations with widely different Social and ecolorTC circuistances

Page 13
DEVOLUTION AND IN
SLSL LL LLLLLLLHC L S L SLaHCLHHCSLL LaLLLL LSLS
Socia / De Walfoprr Tarif, Kardy, a75 - WoW 75 Һвілg гhв Sвсrarary, P/алfaffол ЛWG0 Fогшлл; Treasшгвг, Н/// Coшлтгy Forшлт тог. Саггт глшгтfty Cгgталfsaffол алс ч/ол Secretary, Wi Tiana / MINGO Actiori Frar t - Hr. Lrrière la Lrganisatfor groeping over H har drord MGOS),
The World's past experience shows that, ir Countri Es with a multi-ethnic society, El Sharing of political pJwer is Imperative if ethnic har Tn Only and the Continuity of THQ nation af 8 to bE Er5LIFEd. After frILIr decades, with the loss of valuable lives GGa LaaLaLLLaaCS SL LLLLL LaLaLLLLL LL LLLLLL the necessity of sharing power. Both the previous and the presert gover Tients häVé taken measures aiméd at solwing the ethnic conflict in the country. The previous םםWB rזוחם וחח brought amendments to the constitution, while the present government as submitted draft provisions of the Constitution CD Tit Hining propOS als relatirig to devolution of power. These draft provisions seit out the power sharing arrangements Eet weer the Centre and the periphary2.
In the introduction to the draft proposals, the following speech of Her Excellency, the President is quoted 3:
"Cur gowernment is Committed to a peaceful resolution of the ethnic Conflict. Wave visi of5 ri Laikā where all Communities can live in safety and security, where human dignity is valued and equality of TrEa trent is; H ni accepted norm of public life. We believe that i II согтлгтшлffies гтлшst Бв grvал ffa sдлсд fo exprв55 fѓтеѓг "d'елfїfү алдї fo participate fully in the //fe of the пatiол, и ћеfћег II big at the пatiола. provfrcías Jr. socsis seves.
L LLLL LLLaLLLLaaLSLLLa LLLLaLLLLLLLaaH LLLLLLL Several principles or rights 4 stating that the proposed devolution will be carried Out im 3:COrdance With the Se, The Se
rights include the fc
1. Promoting a wisio
all communities Security where 1 ES val Lied and Eq is an accepted
2. Ensuring that al. effectively exerc rights Hi r 1 d fi LI II without any dis equality before t
3. Giving recogniti Ta Tli 1 | 5 offic: i Tat: Ognising E! language.
4. Providing an affe Tra ITB Drk for tF with thr: regio internally consis value System. Th and consistency of power betwee regions and the si which is capi impo | Barim Britation Siti r II, III C: LILLI ries fibri Li гв5 tilц tiоп рif cЕп
5. Eris uring that
participate fu||ү Tation, Wetler i regional OF OC ent LL raging th: COTT TIL lites WWF baComC COIST TIL stable and plural
Considering the conc | Would li ke li tr, presently facing the
of Sri Likä
The govern Tert's i Ըthmir: :fյriIIIt:t is Hilf reITa, iri & lt Ft Witho LU ! rights, it will ble II ethnic conflict in S
 

DIAN-ORIGINTAMILS
P. Muthulingam
lowing:
1 of Sri Lanka Whare ball live ir 1 sa fetwa mid heir human dignity uality of trea trinents orm of public life.
persons may fully ise all their human ja menta || freed JITI tim Ctitori B Tid in ful|| he law.
Co to Si Thala arid all languages and ng lish as a link
ctive constitutional a sharing of power ns, based On an Ett a di Cohe Tent ere would be clarity
in the distribution the Centre and the the Would be CIE b|| 3 Cof Ceffactive i and includes se just and equitable tre-region disputes.
|| COITIITLI Titi 35
the life of the t ba at tha national, a level, thereby e regions and the CF iThabit the to ctive partners in a istic democracy,
:epts detailed above, ace the proble ms Hil-country Tamis
Will to address the Thirable, yet the fact i ensuring the above Table to Sol B the ri Lanka. Derial of
basic and political rights is the root cause of the resentment of any community, Empirical evidence shows that the denial of basic and civil rights to the Sri Lanka Tamils for the last five decades has been a primary cause of civil War in this country. After the immeasurable loss of F1 LITT]ari life and Imationali resources, the Sri Lankan rulers have finally realised that the rights of the Sri Lankan Tamils need to be guaranteed and respected. Despite this, one cannot expect that this realisation alone Will ad to a Solution.
Considering this realisation of the rights of the minority Tamil population, I would like to point out another problem which has the potential to cause further ethnic Lur Sit in Sri Lanka. The President's speech and the introduction to the draft provision emphasise Sri Lanka's multiethnic composition and the Bqual rights of different com TiLIniti ES. Yet, When the different ethnic groups are identified, they are referred to as either Sinhalese, Tamils, Muslims or Burghers. This cafeagarisat for fails fa recogr7 is ei tfia Existence of är significant group of Indiariorig in Jam7 is als ar Fr de per de Tr cor 77 FT 7 Luristy. Due to the cor 77 77 ora/iry of language that exists between Sri Lankan Tarn Fils and Indiari-origin Tarrils, this currirri urrify is sirII.ply 5LIbsurned wifflir LLYaL LLTLLLCLLY LS S SLOLOaS LLLLLLLLYLLLLLLL CCHHLSY reality however, this corn Turity is a distir7 cf group within Sri Lar7 kan society алd its догођ/алтs are влfїгвЈү сіїffereлг CCH CCLLLLL CC CL LLLSHLCCLC MMHLS L LLL India 7- origin Tarra i corT7ri77 un fity is significantly different in its lifestyle, its HLLLGLCL CCCCGCCL CCLL LLLL LLLLkCCMCCT LLLL Iѓving from the rest of thв рорш/atioп. The goverлллелt's approach is to so/ve the problems facing the traditional Tails with the presurrption that this will also so/ve the pгоh/алтs of the Iпdїал-огїділ 7ārrais. Wolf or sy is this approach wrong, blff it is Also sikey to increase the fsolatform of thfs coгтгттшлfty and tharaby exacerbate its problems. Some of these problems are outlin bd - belloW.

Page 14
FRANCI I SE AND CITI PENSHIP
Although the Indian-origin Tamils WETE brought to this country by the British Colorialists, the present game ration is am integral part of the Sri LH fik a TI SCJ Ciety, living as a distinct community from the T35 of the Tamil ÇOITTI LJIlity. Fr. Ti its inception, this community has been isolated fronte wider Society and its rights denied. While this community was given the opport Limity EO JOITTI the Ima III GTITE a III dewel por TErnt parOCESS in the 1930's whem they were granted Tranchise, this right Was With draw II after frdependene: B. The first national government of Sri Lanka introduced a Citizenship Act that effectively isolated the Էommunity FITI III t 1 E FT Bil ISLIF IEH III political, economic and social life of Sri Länk är SCJ City, This T1 BT girdlisati Or) effectively confired the community to the plantation industry and prevented it from Achigging ary 5 Dcial Tobility Lintil the latter part of the 1980's.
Examining the problems of the plantation CITITLIIlity. Within this context, it is pussible to identity a number of areas where its basic rights have either been dari Ed Origi WEIT A SECÇmidary StadtLUS. THE draft provision States 5:
ffaf a // Er stor 75 r. 7 ad y ffL WWW grafi effect way exercise as their human гїgлгs алd fшлdагтелга/ fгевгіогт WWF WGL É Er y disfir 7 Cf for ar fra f' equality before the law
YEL, TS of Indiān-Origin Were gral El citizenship Under Varijus ācts in Cluding LaHCLS LLLLCCCT LCLuLCLCHHHH LLLS000SL0S Sirima Shastri/rmplerтөлtatioл Act- 1967 Land the Statigo / E255 Per 50 II 75. Specifa V Provisions Act of 1988. With the 3xception of those who received Citizenship) LIIT dET thĘ India-Pakistāni A Ct, the people who received citizenship LIIT der thĖSE a Ct:G Far E. treatEd registered citizens. In addition to this anomaly, there are also the Soms and daughters Of the 91,000 Who applied for Indiari Citizenship under the Sirima Shas tri Act but did mot leave for India and CCP nitinLIE LO live here as Stateless perSons, The persons who originally applied for Citizenship ar B maisily idead Hirid i gCond,
When the right of citizenship Was granted to a section of the community through the Sirima Shastrf
Implgглалtatioл Aс for thg aբբointmarli t:ՃIIITILIrlity Lt the | 1988, WW || || || the CCITTurity a through the Gran Stta E55. PersOS Act, additional re. ITOTinated to the F PT || CF || COLI PIE. T.S. accarrparl Fed by 7 mgration from ther плеїгора//гап салггt these factors : upward mobility in the list W. C. mobility has stimu to give greater tr probleIT|15, they CUF զuestions t. Ontarn Jyg F5 til Eir Livil atքritimit rights.
While a majority of community has ha their representative Sabha, Provinci : Parlia ITETT Sin CE
| ii | igit Hitle: s: t: It is i Lis,
Table O1
Sise
S.L.This
III tl ii II TA III lil
M1ւյն TS Other
Table O2
"EAR TE | 고 7. 1983 1984 58 1985 53 1ቧ8ü 52 1987 57 1988 d 1989

է Եք IEE7 || g|tյկալյti OF BITTENT BET COf their PaTiānta III | 1 1977 Further proportion of chiøwEd Citizānship t of Citizenship to Special Provisions) presentatives Were Prada Shaoya Sabhas, C5. It to the ! Ðự##f5 hữựa Ba Lan 5 griff car sevel of ялгагiал: faward thв. 5. A CTbilation of 15 produced some the COITIITLJinity CW Er ad S. This LIDVard adthE COmmunity ltյLight it the many rently face, including ing their identity, as political, cultural and
the Indian-origin lar nil id:C355 til TNI TITTELE is for the Pradesheeya CL1 it the 1988, a riu Timber of Lue to prevent the
pursuance of social change through aaaaa LLLLatmtamLS L mmCS aaLLHmLmLL is that the represBritatives, alected by the plantation community, do not have the right to develop their ceirnism LIrility with the money allocated to the T through their respectiva assemboli ES, |n addition, thESE COLITICils do 10t have the right to implement major projects in the plantations because the estates are riot bJr JLught Wi thin thBair pLur",ʻiÉaʼW. A S 3 rE35Lult, tha plantation representatives have Only been able to implement minor projects within the last few years. This situation is tցntradictury to the Griginal բLIrբLEE of the Pradesheeya Sabhas and Provincial Councils, which were formed to dë centralisë power and provide access to marginalisad COITIITLI Tuti ES to take part III decision Taking. The EXC|| LISTOTI ÇIf the Estat ES from the POLITWIE W Of the CCOLI F1 Cills has prevented the Indian-Origin community from exercising thBSE rights.
|ldian-Origiri Tas ils ha WE EFTEerg Ed FISH power T. national Tim Crity SimCE LE grant of citizenship. Despite this, the COTTITUnity is deried TIOST of the basic rights and there are no provisions in the draft proposal to address their problems,
Cr நபge 22
Population State PTiwi ial Sei-G I. Ratic Seis Servios Sըrwiը ըs.
7. J || .2 87.7 88, | .7 5. 7. 고
s 5.5 . O. 0.5 T.M 2. 4. 2.2 O. C. (),
Infant Mortality and Crude Death rate: JEDB, SLSPC in di Sri Lanka, 1982-1989
fant Mortality Rate
T)B; SISH"C" STi II1lki JEDOB SLSP" ( Sri LIllki 7 고 30 7.7 6, S 583 2 . 7. 2. 8 5. דר 器4 7.1 .5 .7 4.1 74 2 7.7 ÉE f 1,7 Ε 72 7.5 O 8. Af, 고, 7.7 7.7 59 33,5 19 7.5 5.8 蚤出 33.8 17 A. *NWA. 6.
(TLIde Death Rite

Page 15
PEACE PROPOSA
a comparative asse Basic Ideas and 19
LS TCmmLHaCCCCCCMtCCT aaHCCCCLCCCC LLCLLS for the Ph D degree at Wolfson College, University of Carnbridge. He was AssisГалf DIracгог аг ГЛе Магgа Ілstftшtg, CCCHCCCaa HCCCCCC Ca LLLLLL C LlLLLLLLLLGLLLLL LLLLLS гв$вагch Qл South Asiал гвgfрла/ саадCCCLLLLLHH HHHMGGCLLHLH aLC LCa LCCHHaCLLCu TLTL Stшdїes оп Cooperatfол їл Dava/oprттелt TT CCaLCC M MLM SSLLL0LLSS S LLLLC LSL LCLCCCCL
TT TMCMMT SLCuLLLLaLLLL LLLLH KLCLCCL YLL S цув/одлталт алd Regfогтд/ Caогавгatfол/ Whic', 'te Co-forraded in 7939. His EJLEbLLaGCCLL KCHTT CCLCLCCTL TLCLCCLCLLSLL LLLLCLLL MMHTTHLCHMS CHHLCCCCCCLS S CCCLCLCTTHHHH ir fir-Effrg ir 5 ārkā ar Sошth Asia. Hв їs a docшлалfагy fїллfrakør And is the Froducer af "Whgrg Pé#Ficocks Darrce°(7992), a7 or7g-FioLur Morg fir 77 CLIFF7Er, ffry or the cultura/ roofs LLL L HHGH CHCuLGLGHCCCHLH Y LLLLLLLCCSS HCa LLL 'SIcide Warriors' Y799G), a /a/f-four Голу vfdeo docшллелfагү ол гhe Галлії паfїала/stгшдg/e which вxдforвs specif7Cly fa rose of Ware fr the Liberato TIJErs of Tami! Eglam (ITTF) in Sri Lanka. Cama TCCHLHHL LCCL HCCCmmLLCmLLLLLLL LC LHCaHCCT Fашг Television, Lолоп. "Оf Mothers, tCC LC L0LtLLL SSL0aMKSS L K LCCMSaCTL CaTT LMMa LLLHGHCLDCCCC CCCGaaLLLCLL LLLL GGGCHL TLTL TLLSLLLS CCCLCHH MCLHmLCLCS CLGaHL LLLLLLLK В socia/ алгhгоро/ogica/ јошrпву Ілго гha GTLK LT LCaCL HLHCHLCL LCH LLCCL S
GHCMC CLLLLLCHLHHHHH HHL a LLTLLL LLLL TS 0aY салтигү Sшff Saint, Shah Dau/ey Shah, fп the Pakistaп Ршлyab, Dr. Sathапалылап fs the Fошлder-Secretary of the Actїал Gra Lipp af 777 FNs fra Coscarbo (AGCTTC).
A. INTRODUCTION
The India External Affairs Minister, Mr rider KLIIIlar Gujral, described the January 1996 Draft Provisions of the Consti LUtion Containing the Proposals of the Government of Sri Lanka Relating to DC WD|| Lition of Power as "a reas Omahala
basis for negotiatio El SJ || Lutri" f'T THE Sri Lankā, it i5 imirfi dir Serie L. Of PE Bandaranaikg Kurt appTOach, His Stat LIST.ifies the military by President KLIImar: liianica (FA) Gwerriri Prowi TCE (NEP) of t Tamil militancy, spe: eration Tigers of MorgWEErie rila de til TT BI1 t I r 1 Colin b) ir TNEJSL Jie y Eäräftar Were published by t
What is the reas or regarding thE Draft
Will T|| 50-CH || Bij "r ticians. Within the tiri Front (TULF) in been most enthusia tİ VE attribut E5 || th E3 derit Kurtlaratunga's als, Otherwise know had WB. TOL || IT GxLTë COTT 10 date the 19! Or is Mir Gujral iridir. Šri Lākā lā little 15E politוחסprוחםac the narrow politicall prejudices and fears wis lig si? [Us Ig tFilig
New Delhi's myopic to ensure that no plc Lanka gCes beyond t federal ITH O Dd Ee || || ||
To be fair by Mr Gujr Fldt til Drift Frolig basis of a political Si claim is that they är titi 15" N 3 TEE Luna Ware of the impul 1996 Ardets

LSINSRI LANKA
SSment of the 1995 96 Draft Provisions
fins to Wards a politi= * Tamils Ouestion In 3rd BritirTipare55 VE ET:sident Charldrika B Ta L LI II gEa' 5 militical timent alsciplicitly tamբaign CLindut:tati at Liga's Peoples AlEr til the North-East he Country to Crush arheaded by the Libami|| Eelam (LTTE). 1 S CO ST Idared State1 January 1997, althe Draft Provisits HE GOVETII mant,
for Such optimism Przywis iuris? Because TOderate' Tamil po||- Thi -- Tited || HJERTE
Colombo, who had stic in divining posi
August 1995 Presi DeVolution Propiosni HS, the Basic Ideas, Thely difficult to ac35 Dräft PTyris 15. :H ting that Tai Tills ir CHOİCE ELjt to TC id:a || Sol Luticar within imits imposed by the bf SITI FES : Lthe Continuation of
stress of the led Ilitical Solution in Sri he parameters of the IH?
"E HE || || NOT sitt is could frt. Lition. What le did e H basis "for magoissile appears to be ications of the April
Fra posed hy Five
S. Sathananthan
CLLLLLLL L LLLLL LL LLL LLLL L LaLaaKaaaS LLS Amendments Were proposed by the Eelam Peoples Democratic Party (EPDP), Democratic Peoples Liberation. Front 4 DPLF), Eelam Peoples Revolutiomary LibBaration Front || EPRLF), Tamili|| || Eelam Liboeration Organization (TELO) and Eela T. Revolutionary Organization of Students EROS); and they point to serious shortCrimings in the Draft Provisions,
The present essay examines the Veract ity of Mr Guiral's assertion through a COT parative assessment of the above three documents: The 1995 Basic ideas, the 1996 Draft Provisions, and the 1996 Amendments. They have been analysed below with respect to nineteen subjects which have figured repeatedly in exchanges between Tamil politicians and Government of Sri Lanka (GSL) Over the past four de Cid E5.
B. A. COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF "PEACE PROPOSALS
1. NATURE OF DECENTRALITATION
1.1. The 1995 Basic Ideas declared that (a) the country shall be a "Union of Regirls; and (b) Article 6 of the Constitution WIEE 'deleted" (para IX);
COITTTE FES: (i) The term "Union of Regions' is an adaptation of the term 'Union of States' applied in the 1985 TULF Proposals Presented to Mr Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minis
ET Cf || T. (ii) The term "Region' was first used 39 years ago, in the 1957 BandaramaikaChevarayagam (BC Pact. (iii) The application of the term "Unioni of Regions' in (a) in plied that there Would be a Higher lave af autonomy for the Regions than was allowed to the

Page 16
Provincial Councils (PCs), шпајеf the 1987. 0aL LKLLLaLLHHLHCCH L H LLLL LaLL LLLLLLLaLLS IV). Article 2 of the Constitution provided that "the Republic of Sri Lanka is a Unitary State". Prior public pronouncement Wasi Täide that the Basic lcdā5 WOLuld de letë Article 2 to per Tiit political de W0lution: the parcellization of sovereignty which transfers suvereign legislative powers to the devolved units) to create Y LLLL 0aLaLL L LLLLLLLLaS La C LmmLLLLLLL LLLLCaL did not propose that deletiom which meams that they did not er wisage politi cal devolution and rotained the Lilitary Stata StrUCLLIra. | wi) Article 76 of the Cristitution proKLLaaL aa aa SLSLLLLLLLL LLLLL LaLa LLaS dicia Lei Oro in Far W mann Bralie näte it5 | Bigislative power and shall not set up any authority with legislative power", Article K0 S SLLLL LLLL S SaLLLLLL u LaaaaL aaaaLLaLaa tij political decentralization: the delegaLaHH LSL LLLLL YLLLL LLaaLaLaLLaLa aLLaLS ity to make laws within the limits of a unitary State, The provision in (b) held Out the prospect of remowing this obStäC|E. (WI) For the first title after the Constitutiorl Was frafled in 1978 attantion Was draw to the constraints imposed by Articles 2 and 76 Lupon the scope for conflict management.
1, 2, The January 1996 Draft Provisions (a) amerided the country's name to read "Republic of Sri Larika'; (b) described the republic as an "indissoluble Union of Regions"; (c) proposed a reform of the Executive Presidency (Art 1 , 3(b)); artid (d) explained that the "Pärliä Tinent... Will legislate on al matters of national im - portance", and the Regional Council. Will legislate on Socio-Cultural Tatters and development issues at a regional local level" (p. 29).
{{FFIFTIEFT !5 :
I) The Words "DET: ratic" and "Socialist in à) wEre deleted from the name of the country. (ii) The Torm "indissoluble" in [b] Thade Lum constitutioral any attempt to se Cede from the "Union', (iii ) In respect of (C), President Kumaratunga had declared 15 July 1995 as the dead-line for abolishing the Executive Presidency to reduce the Centralization of power and promote devo| Liti. (iv) The provision in (d) indicated that the powers of Regional Councils (RCS)
WOLldbBlini1itEd E55 լիբ 1381 Distrii:Լ DE | DD C5 }. (w) The Region wa measure of sovereig ter II: "U || GT1", BS. Uit (Wi) The Provisions Article 2 mar pTp]] ATC | E | EiffE:t բrtյբtյsal it delatB 1.1 (bI), SO th1eʼy dilLI and simultaneously E. political decentraliza Wii) The PrUWisiors trative decentralizati fLICtOI5 a 1 LE É sibility for framing regulations.
1.3. The April 1996 (a proposed charge Draft Prg Wisigis: = "Sri Lanka Is a Lur Republic and shall b public of Sri Lanka"; - 'the Republic of Sri a Ed il CR ! 5חנmmBrנCr
Te Arte diet. tern "indissouble" termi "Se:CLiliidir". (ii) They made no de of Articles 2 and , Elbow). THE refore til Conceded administ tion.
2. UNIT OF DECEN
2.1. The Centre
2, 1.1. The 99E. B.
That ( a ) the Citi ES of Ja ya Warderlap Lurd-Ki as the 'Capital Terri (b) the Capital territ directly by the Cerrit C07 TTE FIFS: (i) ThE wird "FEdEr. instead the World (a). (ii) The term"Capita instead of the terril though the Coultry "Union of Regions". (iii) This Semantic ju to avoid any connot LETTE ti'ye intri II: t) ritory", flւյwing tյալ
E

ientially to those of աelgքimarit CrյլIrinits
s mot granted the grity i Tıplied III the
Erstod i Ti di E.
Eithiar TE ferred to Sed the del tion of thay TELTH[:fE[] thE Article WÉS TETET Led the Basic Ideas liminated the Scopo tion. em visaged adminisDI1; the allocation of a legation of respontiLE id at TLIES Eä Tid
| Arilgritimit:Tits 5 EC) Ait: E TI ft
ited and sovereign ko'oy as 't HE RE
and Laika SEI DE SECLՅgitims"
5 II - dele:TEd TE: and introduced the
trand for the repeal 76 refer 1.1 (iv), (W) he five Tamil parties rat wЕ НЕСЕПtraliza
TRALITATION
a Sic |deas proposed
ColomboO a Ti di ST i utte be demarcated tory', and Dry be 'administered re" para (1,5).
Ball" – Was avoided and apital" was used in
Territory" Was used “Unigri Territory" alwas described as a
gglery was employed ation of a federat althe teFTT1 "Lflit.JT) Terof the Indian experi
(iv) No provision was made for structural Changes in the Central Goverrimerit which are implied in the change to a "Union' and would allow power-sharing
in the Centre between ethnic groups.
2.1.2. The January 1996 Draft Prow5|Ճr:15
) provided for the der ThäTCHtio II of a "Capital Territory" | Art 2}.
Cre: Refer 2. 11 |i}}, {ii}, iii ) Hild (iw) a bhFE
213, The April 1936 AmeridimentS di not address the SLubject.
2,2, The Regio
2.2.1. THE 1995 Basi: || des (a) envisaged the for nation of "Ragional CLLIncils... for Every province; Brid (b) proposed the re-demarcation of the NEP |para 1.1). Crers: (i) NO provision was made for RCs for the Muslims and Up-Country Tamils. (ii) A regional institution for Muslims was first suggested in the 1957 BC Pact Part B, рага 2), (iii) A regional institution for L-Up-Colum= try Tamils was first suggested in the 1985 TULF Proposals Presented to Mr. Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India Part IW). (iv) The Lumit of decentralization for Sri Lanka Tamils Was not Specified.
2.2.2. The January 1996 Draft Prow5iOT15 (a) provided for a RC in every Region Art 8(1) }; (b) qualified that the number of Regions and the territory of each Region will be decided by the Parliamentary Select Cormittee (PSC) (First Schedule); and
c) envisaged the re-demarcation of the border of NEP (p. 31).
Coffer: Refer 2.2.1 (), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
2,2,3. The April 1996 Amendments
a proposed changes to Article 2 of the DPisi 5 – ʻthB present North-East ProwinCa shal| be one of the Regions of the Republic", - Article 2(2) to be 'completely deleted" aid - 'there shall be no change with regard to the territory of the Union without the concurrence of the Legislature of the Region' (refer 19.23 below);

Page 17
| եl prgքUSBd thanges in Article 21: S LC L LGGL SS mmmmmLLLLLLLS S LL SS aS L a SS S aa LLS EE. Si Stilled With Regional Constitutional Council", | tl բrtբ Ճ5Ed changes in Artig|E 23:
to amend Article 295) and (B) to substitute the term "Regional Council" with the terri Regional Governments"; and |dl TECammaritled that thE LETTր "Rքg|Ճnal Ad Tiflistration" ble TG plaçad Ely "Regical CitյաErrյրը։րյլ" ,
CFFFFFFJEFJT.
S SLS a LLLL aa LL K LLLL Laa aa ITViolability of th a border of NEP.
5, IEGISLATIVE POWERS
3.1. The 1995. Basic Ideas provided that fällegislative power Within Bäch Region Will be Wested in the Espective RC
KS SLLL K0S JS LaS S S a aLaLLaL S LS aaS deleted tբEra 1.2, Ց.21։
YS SYS LLmtm maL a S S SaaL L L L L S L aaSS LECTI Will be Get Lip To dal With Centra Region and Inter-regional disputes, and (d) the RC5 will Exercise exclusive ltgislative, tomբEtErite tբBra WIII,XI,
(i) The Basic Ideas were silent regarding CCITiflicts between legislation, Briacted Egy the Centre and the Region. (Ti) Article 2 Was Tetained, Sta despite the proposed abolition of Article 75 refer SSS KSSSSSK a KKS LS LS LLLLaaa SL a S LL L mHHLSL LSSSaSSSSKSSSSS LLS WETE authorlset Լt Eriatէ ոnly subtirdriate legislatitirl.
S SS S L aaaaaaaaLL aa SL LLLLL LLLL L La LC a mm m L L L L L KCa aaa a LL La Basgiad E.H5. |lw) Tha hary LETTr "crimբըtEntք: WES LISBd II (d) instead of the definitive terIII power". It was not defined anywhere ELL its inclusion anticipated the retari torn of Article 75
3.2. The January 1996 Draft Provisions
provided that (a) the Parlament has exclusiva jurisLLLLLL L LLLLLL a LLL S La LSSSL LS L L LLLLS try ir respect of SLIbja CEs in the Reserwed List and for the Capital Territory in respect of subjects in the Regional List (b) each RC has "exclusive LIrisdiction 12 slakt statutes for its respective REion In repert 5ubcts In thE Reg|rinal List: (c) a "Chief Ministers' Conference' be established consisting of the Chief Min isters {CMS}} of all tha Regiers stö - 'ansure full tցrnբliarite with thE prov|- sions of this Chapter",
- "inզLITE intrյ arit; WHICH THlayhawe ari: riחנה - ID investigate En Wii EE III IT FIDI T - Fitter East Felda tirrig for the of Pelicy arid istit subject Art 15,25 Coirs: (i) THE tain ay g| Çilidir:Elepti VE SİFile:E. J. CEIT tral GCVăTrisTieri SELLILE: DIT ET FRC Articles 2 and F6C fier 1, 1V), a boy by empowering Če ETEL: L '''|''' : " Wylie: TlakE3 "SLaLLIE:5ť. (ii) THE CEITra|| Gray lays on the Subject: Linder the guise, for Planning", which is
| (iii) THE PETITETET agEdithE Basid the || ESSET, CMS" Fi TI ELITITS II i Edi LLI
3.3. The April 199 բո5Et| Tal Chia irrige-Sir AT LI I |յWէ: = Di SLESTILLE E the ErIT "Aåt" Cre
i Vitit III first TË 3 EE|| []f Article 75 Ցույցիt ineffHttյաE|) Het WEEn the Bgså Ева ПITH LEDEFINITET
– I. EXECUTI
4 | | | | lt | EEE Eaէ (a) required that ti PD III ted by the Press CLIFTE F G H I J || LFH C| נחםRegi (b)} provided that "tir Lբոn the perstյր : Confidance of the gira || CEILIFICH|| FC IFD Tlinistratics“
C provided that CըLITitll will appg|ր SEf yw'r CE, CCTT 1153.53|t. WITH THE FEIER WELCM [d] yw Ea5. LED I CEFETE}} || Ex President WWII COf LÉPTİFTEHMIGT Ministars; and

to settle any dispute Erl baԼւNEan regitinE",
discuss subjects in f the REgions have a רוחם:ake FEtוון לrl Tr חו better COOrdination n in respect of that
siwe Lurisdiction" is i Drej gurifi i Ets aris. E laws will proval over in accordance With thE Crյristitutign | rB}). This is underlined ntral Goverrinnert TL| peTITIItting RCS t0
ETT ETT CICILI I FECE ion the Regional List instan CE, of National
İng|LHEg |1 THE RE
| Commission EinwISES WESTE placed by - 1 = miIII of the Basi: || Edea E
6 Amendiments prG
IE 19 ||rafer 5.2 b
TETT 1 51 HILILE VH1
=ding the TEחmEוחם: , the Ani BritiniՅnts to establish parity Licin Erlacted by the
at RCE
VE POWERS
Li di 35;
1af Gowern. O'r be apLi la IL WWIIL|1 til B "GOITI V1 of the respective
16:GDW ar IOT. Will Gall Whil CCITT ards the InթյՃrity in the Rafrn the Regional Aid
tHE COMISLIITILL DIE La Regional Public || III "EGJISLutation" * ԼբarH 1-3, 14 7 11: Ecutive power in the actirith "EE rice
at the Cabinet of
리) FEgiana = pow I ||1= ||1 - = - Vice' of the respective CM and regional BOHrtis tյt Ministթյrs "Լը Լիի բ: tBրt hEրը, |րafter provided IPara Յ | [[]]). GJIT TË TIS
i The 1991 Ceylon Werkers Congress |CWC proposal for Peace and FrilitItal Stability in Sri Lanka. Otherwise crown as Thtridamar, Proբըsals had also reզuirEri the utinEurrenct of the CM In the HբբgiրԼIn=rit of the GԿաErritor, III Nr. Brews IcT was made for the GovDD SS a LL RegitյII, (iii) THE PROVISIGH in E)) is a thre W-back 1) 는 1 Traft Fr ="wir Trin of Aricored and Unidarstanting || LIII
LL SJS S SaSS S000 KSSSSSS S K S S L SLS Constitution was Tigre progress IV for it բrovided that the IEՅtier Lif thE բtilitical party Which has a majority in the PC should be appointed as CM
LSSSSSSLLS HH a SSSS SLKSaLSL not required for the appoint Hart of the Cըrղրլիe sitյր, |w| ln |E| it was not spetitiքt that լիE advice of the CM is birding on the Gov. ETIIIII (WI). The 1985 TULF Proposals Presented to Mr. Hajiv Ganght, Prima Minister of India had wested executive powers in the CM and Council of Ministers.
4.2. The January 1996 Draft Prrivisions
|al the ՃtյաErriti shall be HբրոInter| էly Ima Pridant rin th adic th Minister Eif the Region (Art TO), (b) th ExEcutive pow = th= Region.shall bB wasted in the Guvernոր acting on the advice of the Chief Ministear and the Board of Ministers and shall boxercised by the Board of Ministers Either directly or through the Chief Miris tE Hrլը: Լրը M|| ||Էլեrէ լյt |Tլը EtյHrt tյի Minist Ers tյլ լիքըացի Յաքըrdinate tյfiltBerg" |ART 11 | |ը ԼիլBրB shall իE H Eյart ni Ministers hāāried by a CM. with [[]] | nor = Tham 81% a a L LL S S S SS SS SS SSL a Governor in each Region and the Gov. քrnցr shall, In the exert|EE ոf his lլngt|tյու5, Eել In HEnnrtiani-B with Eարի հt|- VİCE' EXCEPT WHEFE HE IS recquired III aCl LLL L S L L S S S S S S aa S S S S L (Art 14{1}} (d) the question whether any and if so, what advice Was tendered by a Minister to the Goverritor shall rint be inզLITErlinԼը in anw Court Art 142). (e) the Governor shall appoint as CM a

Page 18
member of the RC who in his own judgement and opinion, is best able to ComTand the Support of a majority of the members of the Council". However the Governor is required to appoint as CM the Leader of the political party the memEEFS of which ConstitLited "TOTEthan OTE: half of the members elected to the Regional Countil"; If the Governor shall appoint the other Ministers (or the 'adwri:Cig'. Dof the ICM | Art 143), 4}} |g| the Caristitutional Countil shall appoint a Regional Public Service Commissitor consisting of not less than five members in consultation. With the GCWError"; (h) the Regional Public Service Cominission1 shall provide for and deterrTıin 1Bal| Tatters relating to the Officers of the Regional Public Service" (Art.211), 22); (i) the Governor may dissolve the Regional CCLIII cil", and GCWEErmor is required to act On the "advice" of the CMI only "as along as the Board of Ministers Commands, in the Opiritor of the Guvernør, the support of the majority of the Regional Council' Art 10(8),
"if the President is satisfied that... the Regitimal administration is promoting armed rebellion or insurrection of Engag İngir än iri tentional Witolation of the ConStitution Which günstitutes a clear Bnd present danger to the unity and sovereignty of the Republic", the President may by Proclamation assume all functions and powers of the regional adrinstration and of the Governor; and (k). On the same grounds as in , the President may by Proclamation dissolve' such RC Art 26|4}}
:tsחEחחחחםC
The concurrence of the CM was not required in a (ii) Executive power was not wested in THE CM üf thE Böärd Jf Mirilsters. (iii) The provision in (d) denied judicial TEVIEW LO det Erm Trī E. Whether thĒ2 GOWJETLC LL S LaLK LLLLLL HL S CLaLSLL LLLLLLLLuK LLLLLL LLLa
dyCE OF THE RC: Minista T5 (iv) Thē provision in (e) is an Improyement on the corresponding one in the Basic ideas. |w) in If and gl, it was not specified WhEith ar a ach Regic Will hEVE its Sepaat E3 Public Service COT. Tission and Regional Public Service,
Viln (), the Governor enjoyed Wide disCretionary powers to dissolve the RC Which are not justiciable. (Wii) The Presiderit need only be "satisfied to assume the powers of the RC in
() or to dissolve th trer Thely, Wild E di SCTE justicable. (viii) The provision am OLIT L0 a COFEld
fundamentals of thi
4.3, The April 199 posed (a) changes in Artic - tC ETEErld Article 1. Di Ministars With a C Six other Ministers, DET Lif Ministers sk Sixt of the total II: — tOELELEg A, rticle 1 – to include in Ärtic EVEIt Of TWO Cor IT informing the Gove bafore the final da nominations for the gional Councils thi Considereda5 One the term "Come politi: Tā ārli Li ti - to include as Art Chief Ministar Cann Office as long as dence of the Regior (b) changes in Artic - LO del Este the Wor dist L-Irbja rices' ir1 S LI t Cerf:
| THE AITEndlert. CsE ti Oslaf y pij WEFS : President in 4.2)
5. JUDICIA
5.1 TE 1995 Bis a) the Setting Lup every Region"; (b) the appgintment Council of a Regio Commission in CO Chief Miristor of t (c) the appointment "a Regional AtԼUTTit äid Wii GE tha GOWEarriär ality of laws pass Council para VI). CDTITTEITIS: (i) The provision to fif St beer includad IT C formulated in Ne (ii) | n | b), the Consti required only tC - CCT (iii) The proposed R WICE COITTISSIO W որ լից 1BB7 13լի Constitution. The 1: posals was the on
 

ERC in sk). This extionary power is not
1 (d), (), () and (k) fähla dilut[[]]] []f thũ
BSC dā.
3 Amandments pro
|= 14 -1 to set up a Board Mand "Tot 255 than provided the numa || Tot ExCEE d' OTE Tmbership" of the RC, 42), |E 1413) that "In the Dre political parties TOT in Writing on Or for the receipt of a | E:t 15 to tha FRC at these parties be Jolitical Eritity...than all party "...shall also
at antity and i Cla 1418) that 'the OTER FIBTOWEC TTOT E enjoys the confi|al Council"; and
26. ds 'cor grave internal -article 1).
IS COTICEaded thB disif the Governor and Hick.
, POWERS
c |deas Envisaged if a High Court in
ly the Constitutional nal Judicial Service TsLultati OTI With th B a Region"; and
by the Governor of y General who will of thä (Einstitutiontd by the Regional
ra High (CJLJIt had the 1983 Alexure W. Dell. .litidislal Courit:Il Was SLII LIt 183 (CM. 3 giornal Judicial Seras arī ir privelerīt Amendment to the 91 Thiodd Fropravious instance
wer a similar provision had been made. (iv) The provision in {c} was similar to that in the 1991. Thoridaman Proposals Which had provided for the appointment LL LLLL SS LLLLLLLHHL0L CLL S S LLLLLLGL a LLaLS LLLKLL S S (w). The Regional Attorney General will in pora Citi CE TLITICtir as the Centre'S TEgional policeman, thereby contradicting again the extensive devolution implied in the concept of a 'Union',
5.2. The January 1996 Draft Provisions provided that (a) a High Court Will be established for each Region; (b) appeals against the decisions of the High Court may be made to the Court of Appeal (Art 17{1}, {4}}; (c) "there shall be a Regional Judicial Service Commission for every Region which shall consist of three retired judges or sitting judges of the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal of the High Colt, appointed by the Constitutional Council HHHLLLLLLaLLLLS LL aa LLLL La LLLLLLL of the relevant region' (At 1811); (d) the Governor could appoint a Regional Attorney General to each Region (Art 19(1)}, (e) the Regional Attorney General shall "examine every draft statute proposed to be passed by the Regional Councils for any contravention of the Constitution'
At 1941a; and (f) where such draft is passed, despite the Opinion of the Regional Attorney General that it cortfave has the Corsttution", he shall invoke the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of such statute' Art 194)(c)}.
Coffers (ii) In practice the Regional Judicial Serwice Commission in (c) would function LLLLLL S S L LLLL LaaLaLL aL La LLLLLLLK LLCCLLS ITEIT t ble Cause its mērbērs Will ba nominated by the Centre Terely in "consulta =
titյր" with the CM,
(ii) In (d), the CM would not even be consulted in the appointment of the Regional Attorney General, who therefore will essentially be the regional policemen of the Centre in each Region,
5.3. The April 1996 Armendments proposed
(a) changes in Article 17: - to a Tiend Article 17(1) to establish 'an appeal court för every Region"; (b) changes in Article 18: - to amerid Article 18 || 1 || TC Establish "a Regional Judicial Service Commission for

Page 19
every Region which shall consist of three retired Judges of sitting judges of the Supreme Court Court of Appeal, Regirlal Appeal Court of the High Court of the Region appointed by the Regional Constitutional Council of the Region' and - to substitute the wards 'Appeal Court" for the Words "High Court" in Article 18[3], and
(c) chariges in Article, 19; - to require in Article 19 (1) that "the Governor...shall appoint a person on the advice of the Chief Minister who is qualified to be appointed as a Judge of a Regional Appeal Court to be Regional Attorney-General" and - to dele te Article 13 | 4 ||c).
CFFFFFFF": (1) The Amendments sought in {b} to strengthen the regional judiciary and limit the Governor's discretionary powers in 5,2{d}.
G. OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
6.1. The 1995 Basic ideas envisaged |al giving recognition to Sinhala and Tamil as official languages and TECOgnis ing English as a lirik language" KPreambla}. LFF FF JEFE (F) The provision in a repeated Article 18 of the 1978 Constitution: '1. The Official language of Sri Lanka Shah B Sinhala.
K u LLL LLLLK KuL aaY LL LLLLL LLLLLS
디나
(3) English shall be the link language." LLLLLL L S 0S LLLLL LLLLL LaL KaHLL S L a shall be an official language of the whole Country of a region within the country Լյr Itյr a purptistils). (ii) It again avoided specifying that Tail, like Sinhala, Will be ar oficial anguage of the Whüla of Sri Lanka. (ii) It reitErated the Sub Ordinata StatLJS LLL HH LLLLLLL K HH SS LLLLLL S La S0a00 S SLSLLL Language (Special Provisions Act patronisingly referred to by Sinhalase politicians as the "reasonable use of Tamil law.
B.2. The Jarl Luary 1996 Draft Provisions intended
a "giving recognition to Sinhala and Tami|| āS Officia | Harlig Lages and rELLognising English as a link language" ||TILTÖLuctio)
Cgmirriքրք: Refer 5.1 (I), (ii) and (iii) a EJOWE. 6.3. The April 1996 Amendriants did
lot address the subject,
CJT TE TI:
(i) || || effect-EHE PAIT) Si THE E 5 the 5"|E2 The Whole af Sri LaT SLEOrdindt EE StatUS the 1956 Tami Lang sits Act.
7. I.
1. Til 1995 Bas () "Lamri wi|| FC a . | "State ad Wyt WE:stEd in the Regio c) "State and yiti for the բLIrprises of | of a reserved subjec L'IE CETTE ET COTS. La War II Regiona | Co LJ ( d ) "priority in TL til Schemes Will bEgiv ted Stri: Titi IW); and | el the subյքtts tյք
rĒg Lulation a Tid dawE and Tral CSLI petroleLIT products the Centre Reserve נפתחים לרווחםG) (i) THE provisions in improvement on to Amidnight to the WEastBird Stati lari | irmi
ITT TIL (ii) THE term "State refirleit| ||1 tHE Bat:|r Whil Ethi ET DIT TOT Stat Wested in State ag:
Mahaveli Developr
iii) The Basic Idea: Subject of Ladrid Pol 1983 Aրrig:ura D Frյlity to RCs. Xi w Tliet provisiori ir the Concurrence of
w) Existing land satt 2xtE15-E15 Lf t|ET
WR || Th1 E. B. Wä5 10 Taintain thg interHHHr. LE EftHor IT, t Up-Country, (vii) The provisions Specified land Con|| r35tjur Cg5 Withiril LIFE
tri,
7.2. The January 13 Specified that
"Sti EE || T. WITH in the Region", | bil the regitյrial atII El tit|EritD3 BxgrCisgir
 

endents conceded
official language of ka and accepted the (fi: Fred H 1 TH Til' 1 Juaga (Special Provi
MኒህI}
|deas, prawid Ed that dewigl wedi subject'); in tha Hagiari will be na CJLuft|Ci|'; in a Regio required (he Centre in respect :t may EIE LEItilised Eyy Iltation with the reΠΕΙ", JT ET SELLIET TIL en to persons first of of the Region" (para
"rii TIETEIST TIITLIG lopment of toill fields Ces, petroleum and were reserved for ld List 19.
(a) arid (b) werE är וH 13 1987 קווז חז 5E
C15TitLition Wii the strid || GWEIT
| Hild' WIS TICIW HETE
:: || FG || || LICET El al CLIEl an =FICES, such as LHE
ent Authority.
i vlerë si erit CT THE licy. In Contrast the Hi Eid Hill DJ CatEd Lama
(C) Cid TDT TEquire the RC
BITE SCIETIES WETE: EXCLtded ini (d). provision iri [[id] tuj 3thnic demographic EP ir lēt
=חש ughtסB) br) וזו lain ing the Sub-Stil a CO trol of C.
SG DFFT Frry i Siers
n a region shall west
llimistratiԼյր ԵՒ1E|| tit: ights in or over such
land, including land tenure, transfer or alienation of land, arid Lisa, and settle
Il Erit and la Find i FT LITOWIEm Ent'; ( C ) "priority In future land. Sett Erment Schemes Shall be accorded first tu perSOT 15 of the district and the EO PErsoms of the Region' (Art 24, 1} (2)}; (d) the CEintral Government may utilisa laid wested in the RC "after Consulta1ign with the relevant Regiertal administration";
| "Erit EF-regional irrigation projects.shall Be The TEsponsibility Lif the Centre Art 243, 4, (f) the coastline will remain the property of the Central Government (p.32); and (g) National Planning" will be a Central Gover IIIT ent subject (List, no. 5) and Planning and Plan implementation at the regional la Vell" is a RC subject (List II, ב[#H ,ם ח
CTT: (i) The term 'State land' in a was not defined anywhere
S 0aLLaL LLLLL L HLHHLLLL LLLLGLLLLSLLLLLLLL LLLLLLL inter-regional irrigati ET SCHIEFT1E, 5 iTI IE). [III] Existing land settlemanti GCHEATES and Extensions oft HET wEre ExcludEr in (c), (iv) There was no provision in (c) to maintain the inter-ethnic demographic balance either in the NEP or in the Cen: tra Up-Court. (W) in (d) the Centre was not required to aaaLCL LaS S SaLaHLHL HLLLLHHL S aK LSLS (WI). The Provisions were silent in the subject of Land Policy. In contrast the 1983 Annexurg C had allocated Land Policy to RCS, (Wii) The provision in glimplied thatriational policy or all subjects Will be the responsibility of the Centre.
7.3. The April 1996 Ameridiments proposed ( d ) Changas ir Article 24: - to amend Article 24(3) to require the Ceritre to obtain the Consent of the reevant Regional administration" prior to Lutilising land Westë diri i RC and - t0 delĖetE: Article: 21(4),
:rחם וח החליט (i) lin (la) tha ArTiendmentis 5 Luggested a festraint On the powers of the CEFıtr B.
- TO BE CONTINUE -

Page 20
E.
Cirze – Deng Gra
SHOULD AN
REACT
3 SELF RELIANCE
T E - Caram - End - բSyցիg|rigital IInբrՃաBrրEnts In thE JSF families were intended to enable the թt grast at the pք քr Լt It in the |-IEաElքըmEriլ բretEss if thE -ըԼյritry, As '는 미n PETEdia |TiaIII Յեյեր ԼIVEE WHE ԼիlB GTERLInri Ef B
II | lie Etցույrlly and liB regardBt the ISP HE = ELLItal InstrLIITIEnt in fitti/Eving this Jual The JSP familias Vere expected It set Liբ ոBA//ւլը ցratiE Existing Int-ըrր = generating բյքը լքըts, with the heiը քT LL LS K Ha a S LLLLL transffirmatiքը Ճt tha բՃԻTESէ ըf the | T1 "E IIET וחםy EELLE ELETaldicate BLIVETTWA I VasaSOGLIE SEctor ESLITIn Fridical ԷԼրա:ԼւIral thanges in the titքրքր y arirl Et t. It ty Anti It wԱՅՑ B », BE ELE E էն transftյբու |ւլtitite Hrld Etuality frt IT IIIEr= platitudes to living achievable reality.
According to the survey try 3.4% of 미미', 로 "Ery mall minority Graccredderd in Geffing. Erp TGW пčome germarating ventures. The rate Լյr Hill re ըt Trie:SB intԵրբ ԿenErating ԱEriլLITES was H relatively high 3Cl". In Ether WordB, DIT HY HEJJIJIt 99E – 9.4% Cijf LLS a a a S LL |HՑ Է Ցլ Է ԱՅՑՑful inԱtյոle ger|Hrating մբ էլ էլIrES THIS մաք Է լյritlgլ է Լt-lly the
In p th=
WHat were tHE THttցrs whiրի ըHւյstյք]
this Fa||LIFE 7
Ալյլ էլuestignnaire intlւլվed a զաEstitյր ոn thE TEa5երs for the riքեility Լt set up an intoine generating wEnԼLIKE Mort
LL aS a L L L u LLL S aS
|Esբtյոt. Of illusa Wիt IEEբՃndari, thE |Hrgest SEgment tյք 25:Կ% said they rilt-in I start an intրոl E ցErl Brating LI는 L는 드 are applied for bank loans and have
EN HET TEFLI SE || || III fHTTE: SFI Tilsat til |ր սէյtairling a E Hրl,
tյք ԼիE lմaris fHFigati
R550), CCIC) = } SIJT Withdraw their CDITE LF. El OTIE R5.25,000- luTip the 2-year period.
13.7% said they did Ing H |laւ ԼյIIE Eperating E sагпе capacity. 12. sit stift AT) ifloorsիtt:EList they sբEnt Lilding Liga dig թtact Inity, IrnքյրըvIri fa: || || LI ES, Et til a CCD reding ED COCICLIP: דחו B8|ווחE: J5PTHוח |E2, 1 % ) Լիթ fiBHը ը: Stirl= ԿttաբHԼltr1,
assUTT18 Hal starti
Enrating Entur a necessily/a prior pertBritage of the f: Па ув српsitiered tj. 15Lus; g. It OBE (110fed improving their s. TigrքTtյքը, լիils trյր:
다"EE E다T로
Extraordinary low F
-
E
BECK OF THE FET || LI TIġIT | Stil IT FI FTI LI J
LH II, krio Arleggel Jr. expjE to Յրըtheir weak rig: WB GIJFTIITEIT LE || Jill
minority of 23.9 Edutational levels tr THE USP THE TEH addTESS this all
arleզtiately in Frat! programmi Tria's Imatri

- Development
ASAWIYA BE
VATECD 2
|y 20.5% of the By WWEra ՀLIntESSILil III, TF ETILITIS | TDIT| R-5,50 00]| – LIC) ITE VETE UTIEEl LO I 115 ry Sayings frgrn Brta waiting for the Li j T1- EL LIFE Br | Djif
Sirt arī EELISE they already | Wեrt HTTiբlt yet in 5% of the JSP did gերErating wEntura Fail EJ || E. TLITIČI S JITI InLilLIrling LEtaining g EXISTI ITJ Spalitary EI OLISES SII: lational patter 15 of ha mելgrity of Casas | the filischold Ills Fit i 5 Feasona EIE EC Eחחםטחו להיBח g Hח Vas notregarrieras ty tly a sigrifitarit irilies, They Would uilding/uբgrading a necessary towards Eandard Of Living. EITT IJI IJT FEICEF; in Explairling th= iցLTE Cf those whը Er: ril to gքn trating
iBS said they WGIG | intrifna generating
Tr:E THIS IS Ilkg. TILOTEE JSFW || LG || Barlie - Ella Orly a
mբrՃաEdիք:Huse tif ility of the JSP to
T1 partFrt iss LIE ice Was I of the fail ICs.
0S00KSS L K S Sa L S S L LLLLKK aSLLLSKLLLLLLS K lai Ck if ther facilitiĖS SPECH || y la Tid) Es the realSigri for their in E bility to 5 Ft up an irigone generating yantura This Was particularly so In agricultural areas, The Other reasons for being Liriable ta start an income generating ventures
TE II
" Absenc= Lf a persor Capable Lf taking the initiative particularly applicable to Worllen headed HIC LIII5EF1Cold 5} - 1E3%
Luar phobia (some people were scarEd to taka I gan fram a bank Ew Ern when th= 미ppartunity preserted itself, partly beca Lisa they Feared indebtedness and partly LLS aa aSS K SS a SS S S S S SLLLLLS S a LS LS L S aa L S LS S S L S S L SLLLL
TistILLI LI JTIs) --- OL 528
Fars Brial lբ sychological fatttյrs - lacking the courage and self COTlfid ETICE ED Embark om something nEy, and perhaps risky - C), 6%
LLLLLL L LL KS LL K Ed Ltd] | fr : Filed FET – 0.5%
The abdwe factors Highlight twO of the TOSE important weak points in the JSP
* /лаbffffү to provideadвgшага Плалгtia/ a555 faПСЕ.
The JSF His it was originally conceived and publicised, was expected to address this problem through the investment Car TF33Ferrit Of Rs. 25,000,- per family. AS PFEIFT adas a hir Inself explained : "C) the articult of Rs.2,500-given to each farly, One part|Sfor Consumption and thք Other for saving. The part of the Y SY L S L S LK L S LS YS S SL S L LSS L L tleքըՅItEd Irl H էlarik. By the Erld Ճf the

Page 21
Citizen Democ
24 months, the saving will amount to RS.25,000 / This sawing could be utilised for some enterprise by the family. During the 24 Ponths, the Unit ShOLIldfind OLIt the VäriOLIS talEnts End abilities of the family and direct them tO Some. Suitabla formOftrade, or Small industry or cultivation in order to ensure an independent existence to them." | Speech made at the High Lewe Offic Ers' Cըnter Eric = c n "Fo lity Guidelines on Poverty Alaviation" - 132,89.
The JSF was conceived as a powerty alle Viatgri program The Which Was CGr surner Griented and production L a L LLDL LKSLS S aaL aaa important aims was to ensure that the բՃor begomE ECGnomically self reliant, mainy LirOLI ghi the Setting Li fin CITE generation Ventures, The in Westment component was expected to provide financial assistarice necessary for SLC ventures. The investment Component of RS25 OOO- was therefore of crucial ITiportance. Originally the 2-year Dariod. L S SaaS K LL LKCC C 0 S S S LLLL L preparation" — the fam IIIES WETE supposed to build up thei strength !Conorrically, physically, socially and psychologically to start some new iricorna generating venture at the end of the 2-year period, using the LLLLKK L L L a Haaa S S S LSLSS in that Sense, the RS.25, COO - was է իր liոth թin. When prevailing
circumstances Tiade the grariting of the
lump SLIT impossible, instead of striving to understand its implications for the success of the JSP, the policy makers Simply cleased taking ab Cut it. Therefore, no attempt was made to Bddress the negat IVe COFNSECUENCES UT not granting the investmant component, LLS SYS S S LLL K L mtLK K L LK people into confidance and explain the uuLLL LL LLLLa S L L L S S S S S S KK LS K majority of the JSP recipients continued to believe that they will be given the Rs.25,000 lump surn at the end of the 2-year period. If this issue was addressed adequately, a Tluch larger segment of the JSP farmilies would have ELitteerded in setting Lբ rlaw intorllE gEnerating wantures,
* srabīlir y to provide krio Wledige aard вxpartise,
In today's World, knowledge and expertisa are vital, necessary not only to Set Up ne Vy incone generating
Ventures but HECT Hriti ELICE55 Á3 t| of the poor clearly
and Secial marginal էիIE SEgmarit rյք
barietiting signi Duntry sy T
SFOL/ FJ WWE WEr je
fig i'r ffig GGWEL
E SÓ ELE É O 1: ed"лcatfоп syster knowledge, expert բը ըIEst (if the բըn for them to Escape ThDugh at the t! crucial Im Frift Eric acknowletlցEd, it
into practica ari Eyentual and in the performance O.
This a two layor W. highlighted by the
a LSE 1 a Fiat Established incrime (once again it shri That the ratEl tյf Fa||
30%.
* Lack of IIIärg
* Dat it
17.5% lack Expartise as II this
- Lit || ||al
15.3%
"" || mability to Eire
problems - 11.3 of knowledge at
Lack of ng亡es partly due to t
Therefըre tha Bert WD LIld hawe, EDEEgin III If a de Luite atteriti T\ö Er LIElä| - | Ea: edLICati Orlaid tri
But thBre afB LWC) SīLd bĒ F ir Only a vary small II the families SLI cre InConla generating BWEI this ar 1 OLITht:51 a CCrta la E. BEf absoluta majority t poor, Starting a TI
WETTILITES WES COIT|''y'' : Der Häps he more C
 

W - DEVIEիքքոլերը
Ensure their SLIWVal Licatiarnal wis աEal, aէliant power ty sation has prevented |h= p다pula = frpr Cantly from the T || FEB || LIETTUTI INE tթքել, քիքբ ալիքtքլrtir Its r is area = pf 1). In proving thE Se and Skills of the is vitally necessary the trap of poverty, nCErpAta || || EE| The of this area was Was not translated
Lyfitably impacted in
O JSF
Յk pըInts arE further mail TECECIE hlich tre of the newly JEne In =riturs Lld be emphasised ITB is relatively high
- 21 , .
ըt farTil Hnimals – of knowledge and ectly responsible for
|gει απd Bχpartist -
mmar Eting 缶|linked tüth日|ack |d expertise)
iary inputs 6.3%
a lack of finances).
Tate of thSP Il ITOTE SLICCESSTLI II was paid to the
of Finals and rig22,
final points which Tird It is ITLE til nority of 13, 19 JF ded in Setting up Entures. Holger, a breakthrough it rE լիE ISP. Itյր լի է: the priorest of the 1Շtյrna generating dream of it. WOLld Tre Cttr Saytia Lit
was sarn Ething that was totally tյtyցntthen ecolorically, socially and Fily ally FII starting print Even 13,4% amoլITits it B significant breakthrough Parhaps more importantly, the SP placed the
LCCCL SLLL L aHH Ca CK a uu LLLLL гутгадгааг — дасгалгалтnically socially алг дsycho/одѓса//y, Tлаг Гл гѓse/f was a
| significan fachievегтетті -
S S S S S S S SL Շըrnpulsory Sayings Clausin the ISP d|- manage to inculgate the habit Utsaving anting a significant Segni Eriէ ըf tl1= K a a SLSS LL S S C S a LL te remember that prior to the JSP the էtյրtaբT and practice of Saving riiri nut Exit in th Pep sun=rs -irp|w BecaLE =iIr TE 는 ITCar = "E adequate grily for are survival. Because of the ISP a significanլ բraբբrtion of thesE pagբl= ended uբ with intirity in էիք իHII k - Էյrn Httրl as Hէ ոլլյոի E է: LSS0S S L SS K SSS SSS S SSY KS SS L managed to wider the actorio Tin հըrizons at tha բնըr, taking thern Unit: mera Step for Ward ta Viards the go T EElf reliance and full integral Inn Int the Երրորrn", and Society:
YS LLS LLL L S LS S S S LLLSS KL EXPECTATIONS OF THE SPFAMILIES
다re Impartart a, 다 performance of the JSF is to analyse how SLCCessful ft. Was in realising the expectation of It's intended beneficiaries. Understanding What the expectations of the poor are can also T - n n me KKS L S S S S L S Y aa KK LLS
| T.
Seting up En=rating Ir= ading xisting mm generating venturES 45 1 % " Building upgrading houses 19.1% Acheing E high standard of|win -
1.
21 - armie nat KKS 0 LL SS LL 4과 1 tha the Expetation5. "er는
25 = far Felt that their explicetatiirus Were totally LIITEItalised No Tespici TISSE 35%|
It would then be corract to say that thք մSF was = sւյր:Շess in this resրett because a rlla|grity of 68.5% of the

Page 22
LLLHaL GLLLLLLLY LLLLLL L LCL LLL zLLLLLL LLLLCL LLLLLL reālisg ffeiri expecta fior75 fr//y or pārtially.
5. HOW ASTING ARE THE POSITIVE CHANGES ACHIEVED BY THE SP2
This is also ari important criterian. În of der LO EGI: ConsidEred SUCCESSifil, the JSP should have been able to bring about a lore or less long lasting and Sustainable IIT provement in the income | EV els (and therefore the || Wing standards of the poorest of the poor. If the III provements are mainly LL LLaLaLL LS L S LLLLS KLLLS S LLSLLLK KK LK failed in achieving its most important Hirt Bf turning havE TICats into haves,
Im OrdET EO e Valuate the JSP Using this extremely importarit yardstick, the families were questioned as td what LaaLL LLLGLa LLLLLLa LaaLOu KLL DLL L LLLLLL Successful they have been in maritaining the relatively higherin Come levels achieved during the two year period Of Jaflasawiya grants.
It is important to bear in mind that people irrespective of class are in general reluctant to reveal their real incomes it is a well known and accepted fact in research that people, When asked to declare their income, often give an understated figure. In the case of the rich1 and the middle class, it is due to fear of taxation. In the case of the poor it is because of the fear of |css Of State Bassista FCE, This TE||LIČtal CE Would also explain the relatively high no response figure - 22.6%.
LSLS K SLLLL L LL LLHaaa C LaSLL K KaLLS families were those who were receiving a ttitial Tlion thily Income of less thair Rs. 700- i.e. the poorest of the poor. Though there would have been some Exceptions, it is reas Omable to assurine that the majority of the families did fulfil this criteria. Today, of the families who were granted the JSP only 10.7% earn ainGomelesSthanor Edual töR5,70Õ S LL S S LaSLL HKYKSSLL LaK S LLL S LLLu LaaL able to cause a positive change in the living standard of the families though the change may be quite minimal) which has lasted up to now, 53.2% of the SSLLSLSS LLL LLLLaLSLSS LLLLLL L LLLL LLLLL LLaaLLKCLL Rs. 700-and 2000/-, while 24.2% of thE fari|i||ES Barn fTigre thafi F5.2000|- per morti.
en Democra
Studying the direct İNTICO TE || EWE IS OF changed during th 1995 Nov./Dec., a w| help Lis to furt the positive impact C wםח |ח
219. Of the falli іпсогтhe levels imp period while 34.3% laves det Erfor HTEC) the ICOE levels Other words, 54.3% that they manage
east maintain there lewels a Chieved duri
This SOWs that the Successful in CaLSir change in the livin poorest of the pool recipients hawe m: their living condition talk:GTO THE USP,
ATTTLIE FI"
TWAR
WFlat du Le JSP TE the JSP This is
importarit yardstic per fOTITrance of the JSP FHT || GS ETE. Let OWSLCCESS ful Dr. because it was it experienced that SU it. They know EFTEtafitead LH 3 IT IT IT L. TPםח חם חE Trau therefore best plac jLIdgement of the .
| || J. TIET TO DET Јапаsaviya recipier the following ques
| I Whatisthe opin by the co-or |N|||ad Haris, P Sa haya ke Kand in the Janisati'
ii) What is the attit receipt of tE Rs,2, 5000|- ? iii) Was thare politic մanasawiya prot
Tự]. Do the JSF,fHT Il COf ECO
 

o in C1 il tE the JSP familias a period '993 to II 1996. Järl./FEb.) er clarify wheth Er F the JSP has last Ed
as felt that thigit rowed during this itlt that tilE Irittյրlt: 35 1558, EIF. It i thi:Hit did mot Change. In gift HE famili CS falt זWPIgraםprוחוםIT latively high in CUThe ng the JSP period.
JSP was relative y g a lasting positive standards of the A rajority of the Imagad to ITıp FC'ye S at least marginally,
EJSP RECIPIENTS
THE JSP
Cipients feel abOUt
perhaps the ITO st ; In Eva Lating the +, JSF \fLET H|I, th= ter pola CEÇd to da Cid E Lottie JSP Flago ECIBITI ley who directly CCESS EICK of P OL WHELF BT It Wa: El JSP fallis re ed to pass the final JSF,
ETTT1 iThe F1) WIJ t|1 E: Its pfl:TCelựe the JSF.
ions were asked:
ion of the role played parativựE 5, GT arma raja Sahayakas, ayarı Other officials WH քTEGEES
Lide towards the rigji E IL TIPO SLUTT Of
H|int efference Tith 8
55
ies STI have faith
in the JSP
W. Do the JSP. Tamilies want the
Teattivätion of Eri irT proved JSPF
* The role of co-operatives - Contrary to the generally accepted belief that the Co-operatives played a negative rցիg in thE JSF բrցtEss, Hn absolutE majority of the recipients (i.e. 79.2%) 53 al to be satis figlied a ECLIT LITE perforITarice of the JSP TUE, There WErE La K HH HuaLLL Laaaaa LLL LLLL K LLLS ggods and high prica's Hrd Other FCts of corruption, but the majority in every KLLLLLLL LLLL KLLK LLKKL 0a0LLL L LLL satisfied With the performance of the Cooperati was 23.
* The role of Grama Niladharis, Praja Salayakas and Slava kā Kandava II and various Goverrillent officials -
That the bureaucracy was responsible for the JSP's failure is another widely prevaleft Eelief E. WEen arming partis a T1s of the JSP. But the findings clearly di Cat Ethiattis belli Bf St SFETEd Ey the majority (i.e. 84.3%) of the JSF recipients.
Prenadas: LInderstgad That a radical restructuring of the traditional administrative System was necessary LLLLSL La aLLLLLL L LL LLLLLHHLLuLLLLL LL aS LLLa aS However, this was a task Fla Was LIFlable to complete (EJT perhaps everi seriously CITIEpark LIPOTI), EdLJEl titulack Clift IITE: a Tid politica|| Pressures. This Was tre of the rBaSOFIs Which led many to blame the officials for the failure of the JSF
LSLSL LaS K La LLL S aL LLLLLaLaL S SL the traditionalist legativist attitude of at least A Station Df thE bureau Cracy did impact negatively on the Performärlice of the JSF ||the fallurữ Cf the education and training component of the JSP can partly be attributed to this On the Other Fland, the natLife of thai JS Pand PrepTıqda Sadı "SattitLİde Earl d leaviour forced the bureaucracy to treat the poorest of the poor with a Consideration and respect that was totally new,
Many JSP recipients COTimented on the fact that "instead of going after the Eureaucrats begging for Lif) fights, the SLLLLLLS LLLL LL LLLLLL aLH LLLLLL LLLL LL LLL LLLLLL |Limbala HOTTES, to give LIS JA TEISEāwiya", For the poor Est Of the por this unprecedented reversal of roles was nothing less than a revolutionary Change They also comment. Om hJw

Page 23
Ever top Hur Eaucrats (SLIch as the GA) were forced to come to their poor and distart villages at East ande in a While, and take part in various gatherings Teetings of the Janasawiya recipients. This was also something radically new. A majority of the bureaucrats Timay hawe LLaa LL LLL Gaa aLLLLL aLL aLLCLLLCSSS LLaaLLL bacau SC of lack of Choice, BLIt for the poor, considered the dregs of society for so long, the reason did not matter. They knew there was a change and considering the situation that prevailed earlier, they were satisfied with that change lowever marginal and in consequential it may seem to an Outsid ET||24.
" Attitude towards the non receipt of RS.25, OOO
L LLLL L LLLLL LL LL LLL LLLL S SLLLLSS SS L La S LK Ega ti Wely ir Impacted on the per fUr IITETICE of the JSP. How did the Jalasawiya reciperits feel about this :
This clearly demonstrates that the majority of the JSP recipients (i.e. 56.3%) were disappointed about the non receipt of the lump surn of Rs... 25,000
It is understandable that the prevailing conditions made the granting of this | Li rrapri SLI Ti impossible. EB LI t wlmer the policy Takers realised this they should have informed the people about it, instead of maintaining a deafening Silence - Which eventually enabled Preria dasa's Copponents to make political capital by Casting aspersions on his commitment to the JSP. Though Premadasa cannot be totally exonerated, it was perhaps the officials entrusted with the task of implementing the JSP both in the Janasawiya LS S H H LLLLL L LLL L LL L S L S S S S SL S LL LL Janasaviya Trust Fund-JTF) who should Sh0Lilder ITUSL of the blar 118. It Wäs Their responsibility to draw Prema dasa" s attention to the gravity of the problem LLL L S SaaaaLLaLLLSS S SS S L L L S S L L SS SLLLLL LL LLL L solutions. When finally the seriousness of the proble in was brought to Premadasa's attention (from outside the Official structures), he did come up with an alternative. But unfortunately it came too late to hawe much of all inin pact OT, the performance of the first four rounds of the JSP. This, more than anything else, had the greatest negative impact On the performance of the JSF
- Existence of poli
THE ISP Was imp When Lanka. So p Olari Sed all'Org Politi i Sa il CF processes has be Laika for de radia5 how much politic: Was it 13 JSP is in Evaluating its pel Should Know Bettel the poor Who di Janasawiya ?
ACCOrding to OLITI : the famili ES f33|| Inter for Frog ill thEan absolute majorit there Was rico politic JSP process:
Tiide-osa ta Lr E (If Frg FF Clevents, !Ifigs!C?EוL/[sfarל
* Do the poor Est : faith and confider
This is an importan at titude of the pi towards the JSF a JSP's performance. - feel that they is Confiden CB in Tho.) rescunding Wote o talls us how the Taj BETEficiarigs of the
" SOL E SP | improved form 2
Yes, say 75.7% of an gwerwhelming || Crucial importanci гавадв ёхдвгîëлсад Ly LCITSLICCC it failed; they kno' What dicint-St|| the Ti Want the reat That is perhaps the the JSP and the and implementer PramädBSB,
This perhaps explai the query conce
pir insāffiliāti The families Were the political tead greatest contributio the people. It shoul
 

CW Develop arnti
ical interference
Emente at F. EITE :iety was sharply political lines. Istit Li tiġi rils al li in the Eyale of Sri and understanding | Inter fra FC till E TE xtгвпely important formar CB And Who than the poorest of вctly experienced
tudy, only 1.1% of here was political JSP process, while of 82.3% feel that aliit ErfEITETICE in the
п then, was perhaps d5 a 5 greates TE O f f f e FFC5 SEG Df / G. W.S. 2.
if the poor still hawe e i the SPP
tfactor de Ciding the Dorest of the poor ld in avaluating the A majority - 59.3% ti || Hal We faith Eald SP. This is III de Eed a F confidence which ority of the intended
JSP regard it.
De reactivated in an
:he JSP farTiiies, I. e. majority. This is of 2. After a these где JSP, they kпоиу di ad 1 OW TLC, What Worked and more that Aths of stivation of the JSP Litit Verdict Or 1lI WHO COTCEIVEC | it - Rana singhe
is the responsesto
ning the political of the JSP Fails. requested to name S. W. E. the 1 to the country ariti be noted her that
LLLLLL LLLLLLLK LLKLLL LLLL LLLLL L HHH S LLLLS research was being conducted by the Pre-Tadasa Centre. The impression given Was that the Tesearch Was fOr a Lniversity dissertation this was done for two reasons - partly to ensure the safety of the researchers front certain
politicians and partly to maximise the
objectivity of the ans Wers)
Understandably, people were reluctant to answer the questi JT and ir som E districts such as Gallpaha there was a abnormally High no response" figura. A. In ii ii nl thia A 1 LI rad Thap Lura a frnd TriCorale districts the researcher decided not to ask the question for fear DF Ed Verse reactions Fr OT || OCE, I politicians. It is important to bear in mind two Other factors, Firsty, the refusals to respond could not have been motivated by any fear of the electorally defeated UNP Secondly, since the UNP SOIt Of DOWyer and Preria da SBS dead, all those who Tientioned the name of any UNP leader Would hawe dlarıE SO Out of genuine Conviction and not through fear or any expectations of favours.
Rana singhe Premada 5a - 47,4% D. S. Senama yake -3.8% A│ UMP leaders SinCE IndependBHCe - 3, . Chandrika Bandaraniai ke Kumaraturliga -
Dudley Senanayake - 2.4% S W R D BärdäfäläKE – 1 51 Sirind Baldarahake-O39
LL LLLLL S LLLLL LLaaLLLLaaLLLL L LCKLL Siri Seria Cooray, Weera Singhe Mai || ||mara Chi Chi Tid Imtiaz BäkEET Mārkar),
This goes to show that just as the JSP LLLLLaa S SSaaKCK Ha LLCLLL S KLLLLLLLL S LLLL Janasaviya, they also have their own Opinions about various political laaders, based on their own experience,
| What is our final evaluation ? Was the
JSP a su CICE-55 OT mot ? To datermine this, let Is Once again study the performance of the JSP according to the yardsticks We have adopted. See Table
0-20-Highly unsuccessful 20%-40%-USuccessful 40%-60%-Moderately. Successful 50%-80%-Sլյttessful 80%-100%-Wery. Successful
Cr gத 24

Page 24
22
CnHIII /rմու բացe 12 Sri Laika is already faced with the ԱլյոstiguaոEEE ըt denying the rights nl tյրE IIIngrity trյրորlւIIIty Briti | tlքը 8 րըԼ rited to rate those same trյո5EզւյՅրըes ag:Hin.
EDUCATION. HEATH AND WELFARE
Нwe look at the Educational standard in thք բlar Lation settցr the բrEvailing
y "Eh HE , H h population is evident Plantation schools
m = m E-7F their Firրgressive Initorբեralian into tha national education system. While this | in|HTME titi raiSE litarary Talas UI thք LLL a a S SSS K S a S Y L fatiri, successive government policy on plantation Education has failed to redress the disparities with the rest of the gԾիրոլյոity The India-origin plantatiun L L S S S S S S 0S While FUral literacy BTLIngSt The Wide population stands at 89.5%. This difference is a prime indicator with which the standard of plantation education can Be assasseti The main IEEstirl for this disparity Carl be traced to a Fefusa Gn El 12 part of SUCCESSIVE JOVE Triments provide adequately trained teachers and InfrastTILJELLITE TOT EDİāntation edication. This Is IntitiatEE In the tablք է Elgw6, SHOWing clearly the OWG priority and Commitment of resources to plantation Education in comparison to the rest of THE ըnբլյlattin, ISBE Table 01)
LLLLLL LLLL S SSS S a S a LL FEFEFEFCE to the district of NL I'Wara Eliya, which has the largest concentration of Indial-Origin Tamils. He states 7
Fըr B SinhalE sրHaking բՃբLlation at 1872 BC in this district, there are 220 schools whereas for a lam|| speaking population of 317 BCE the number of schools is only 258. This disparity is Even more Taked WHETVE compara
ThE ուIInters Of 1AB gratles at sբիբըis
which conduct classes up to AL; there Էյքը։ ՅՑ Էլբի 5-իլըn|E In thE Sirլիiniր TG di Land on 9 in the Tami Tedium. This disparity is reflected Lite clearly in the student population LL S SSS S SS SKS K K S SK0S S S S S S L L L SLLSL րլքվար Հրը 157 In TրrրII ողեց Արլ. TBSE statistics refer to 1932,
LL S SSSS S0S L LL a a SL S S S L S S S S S a aS S KS L L L L aa S LL prm th= th - 5.
HIStCri:a||y, |h 33 lt | planta EIJ THIS WEITE. Cafi LITIts time ties plantation i mami THE EDITE ISITIET Corporations cort through the formatical SECTIEF COL"||| thE 5וra tigrם חחםם Deyelo EITT ETT BÓBird Laikā State Pla Tit: החסח SLSPD) - Fן prilwatistion of 미
EE ԿՕverTITIIEnt-formed
WEE LSt tյI Foreign IIInding rլըt E|ltյtatt rլյritis II to IT prove the hea բlan Tations. Insլ: international tյrga) UNICEF, UNFDA, No IT || || RD P IL FE isti Eervic on th plar
- h an L1 Plantalion Setter is tlistrimination, have 1F1E sci-ECOT i. CÜTTırtı Unity, Arı effer է Լյtiը- քը ըրtյրIIIt ը EDInորunity is the I Will declies. Whe Improved access tց է Servi CBS. T||E. FC||0 W| Infant mortality rate and the broader Sri WFT || FBIH || HS |E Intant mortality Tat SECTOn thE TELE is st and clearly reflicts tompared to the rH։
S== TEbil C2)
ACCIOrding te CETEFF 1ՑՑ59, thթre are 5, HF. Il assistant d'Oct. the Country. The բՅքՏոn is 1-3,088 հD5բitals, AnnԼial E: ппillionгшрввs, Des| MBBS qualfed in the partations Tillion people live. A Ett stigs IF THE Plantations Corport RegistETEd MillEdII. ASSESEE It Medical
Ser WICE A42341 far
The major Welfare in itiated by th:

SET HEEG IN THE |Ed DLL էly sEբarat parvision of the g|Ernent After
TTET FILI E I thiË SHTVite | IF E SIJI: || '''If TE H էԻy the twը
Fil F JEDB) Bil mill tliEt Sri tigris CDF paratiūri 1992, with the HTItätigris H. Eath Fried Out by the Plantation HLSing L. Tong 53 II EStE TIGE he government dici its ariուal BLIrigELE |tf 5 Erwigs in thig 1 = ||1= pri 5ם Hלו שם ב, חם E H IIוך Fald, EO Litch ag Enillie5 a standart tյf իBalլի It is,
Ht|Girl, Where the
fating significantly
a major impact оп Octions. If the tiva di Cat Title grid its Of BITY fant Tortality rate, ty hEEורוuדחוחםם H ח healt and Lication ng table shows the for IEEE SLSPC, LäIikan COITTILIIIity, Em EDITTE ideCliri E liri =es. In thi El El Tit Hitleri | LրEEEEբtably high HTSETIETiination WH H H it of the CDIT I ILLIrity.
ih Balık, Statistİ: fDr. EO:l TTIEd doglor: Ifig dEpilyËd a CT355 Htil Jf Ho Citro DET
TIL LETE ET E F1) &#Fld[[[JFB 18 TC),952 iLetts, at a single EactOT-WEIS depolijyĒid ctor, Wfiere OVEI ET El Cording to the 1991 | Sri Lä f1 kaj STRITE
tigri 10, thEFE are 20
| fir Er End OFFICBT5 - deployed TDI
| ISIT
Services that WETE է Էtք է E ful | gv | ng
independerita did not Embrate the plantation sector. The One Million HՃւլses ProgrammE Initiated by thE prEWI CILJS JJVerforment in 1984 did TIJE include the plantations. This situation changed a little III 1988, When SOITE Consideration was given to the plantation LL S aaa S LL K0 K LL awararless of the Voting power of the plantation people. In the 5 year plan of the Natitյrial HուIEing Development Board (1990-95) estate housing was included as a sub-programma targeting 5000 հույs as dլIring a 5 year Hartrid Of the E000 իսլsքs targetEd, nrily 546 housՅՑ LLLLK K S Laaa L LLLS variaւյs hausing prrigrammEs are being ԷHrriը: Ճլյլ Irl լHE բlanԼatirin SE citir, horever thse prgramm Er implimerited haphazardly and sporadically, with no central coOrd||at|Dr Dr H. Täster plaf.
|MGLE
The Sri Lankan Constitulirin BrilբիEslEEs the Importance of Sinhala and lartirl as Difficial languages. The draft JITOWI si Dr.S of the constitution also draws attention to the problem of language in Sri Lanka. The Indian-Origiri pegpg|E, WHO-a TE: predominantly Living in threa provinces LLL SS SS SSLSLSSSSK aaaaa C aau C L H HLLL LL mot have a CCESS LO ENW State SETVICES ըr the right to corresբոnd with State ser witgs in thErr - Ar languag E, COT StiTLE TH ||y, ThELIgF THE THITi language has been attaբled as an tյfficial languagE it is actually implerianited as such only the Northern and Eastern provinces, therefore it can EE argued that the Tamils of Indian-ըrigin LLLSa SLLLS SSH LLL S L S SS aaaaa Kaa LS tt HT Extent of the right in Ecorresբtյrld in their mit thEr ttingLIE
The dania of languagE IIghts and El Catigral faciliti E5 | las EEEn, a TITLEJOT LL LL LLaaLLL LLLL L LLa LaLL aL LLaaLLL by the youth of the North and East. It is imբըrtant to retugrlls = the dangar of Elishing the Indian-origin plantation COITIITLInity in the sama direction. Wher Dr. A Tibedkar was drawing Up the Federal Constitution of India, nat Linly dici hic Concentrate Carl SC Wing EFE prՃvailing բroblems of the cըmmunity, He also gawe great CJTIS|id= retic Ft OthĒT potential problems of the GLIntry. When THE CԵրstitutian WHE Էiting forTilL/lated, Լյոly Լիլը: Լiallts Illie unitiլIբhaէl=s for լիցիեր Dr. ArmEErikir lad the strugglE)

Page 25
were agitating for a separate state. With great foresight however, Dr. Ambedkar recognised the emerging nationalities and Ethnic and cultura|| groups and formulät Ed THE Carl Stitution 50 -15; †C Täkg into account these factors. He provided flexibility within the constitution for the na SCErit minorities to achieve their future rights, Considering the experiences of Dr Ambedkar and the prevailing situation of the Indian-origin Tamil community, it is imperative that the rulers of this country include the Indian-origin people also in the agenda when drafting any armendments to the constitution. Only in this Way can Sri Lanka avoid the mistakes of her past and ensure progress and ethnic har Tony in the future.
RECOMMENATIONS
The following points should be taken into consideration in formulating a strategy to alleviate the problems of the Indianorigin people that have been raised in this paper:
" Considering the socio-economic conditions and the identity problem of the Indian-origin community, the State should classify this community as a category separa te from the broadër category of Tamils,
"Indian-origin Tamils should be included as a distinct community in all major de Welopment program TT eS.
" The framework of the Pradesheeya Sabha and Provincial Councils should be artended so that estates aro included and are provided with an effective means of participating in the decision-making բTDCESS
* Constitutional Concession.5 to the community in education and employment should be introduced to redress the educational and physical disparity that exists for this community, as was done for the Dalits in India by Dr. Ambedkar.
" Tamil should be practically implemented, together with and alongside Sinhala, as an official language in Ceritral, Uwa and Sabaraga muwa provinces where indian-origin Tamils predominantly live.
Солтd on page 24
HOW Corme, WF|| a WEFİCE Pre-emptir Of drea 1 y
A lative C: Making his In places it Had CrOWP1, With Willa W
A a LubstitL Had rer1zdet On the gal Gazed at E | the Con
The CandyAnd the pr Muest llawes Korila 1 t|C †
NO romaric F1 the lar, Reaching Lu To those ir
We were tr, EVer at th An Overgro 5o ag tHer OLF COCOO Hopefully o
NOW ater" | | falter pae | Searchi fo That promi The erichlar
Et ut row, WF WIII a Wernica
 
 

WAITHING - 34
i2 a Veracea
on Queene Road a Ha5 Warlished Without a trace
the finality of dream and the ming ling "ith What We takes for real.
imp follower of the Kaj fort-Lune or W2a5'te La F1Cds 1e planters had disdained 2g Tie- 15y Figl Keria SSarge eft|Cata.
te local Michael Angelo red copies of exotic period pieces
r1 ceiling
Pittwit. Exa1 WOLverted Campus Library.
twist pillars at the front ofusion of alconies in their time provided s1ÖrléFIT.S.
2 in those final exam spurts DW FavirléS Etweèr ÖokSS|Wes
р evitable argels on the ceiling.
apped, love
* Widow Wr Madras thor CLIt Off Our vision 3 Was no escape We spur 5 of Chernistry to be unWound 1 Our answer scripts that April.
orty two Aprilε t College House with its grim recent past * Willa Wernicea se of the enchanted post-Examination future therit. We lived to the ful ere College House casts its whispered shadow 3 - 11 CE,
U.Karunatilake

Page 26
YARDSTICKCRITER ON 9, SATISF ED 1. Socio-ecoloric lict 了0.5% 2. Socio-psychological factor 55.9%
EITT: EGET TE || EL: E3 1 1
4. Realisation of expectations 55.5 E. How lasting Hrp LHB positive chHngaS 2 54, 3
5, Attitud E of Jarlstawi ya Tamilies
til WWE fis-SP 674.
T Based on these figures the average rata S' "T"
F 다. Rs.25, OOO =
LLLL LL LaLL aaa L L LLL SLaS S KKLLS SSS 0KKKSY Jr. Er wards folg JSP Carl S regaragd as a Feate SCCESS.
L LL SLL S aLLLL HH LHH HK LLLLLLLL S S LLLLLL higher rate of success if it performed better in the area of economic self reliance. As we pointed out before, the Weak performance in this area was in the tail due to the lack of adequate finances - the major Cause Of Which Was the Lurij Certainty surro Lunding the | LufTmpo
This gives riseto a in Was the po TOT SE | gimmick or Was F about it? If SO, WF that it would be pos promise ? What Wei made the granting allowагice iпроѕ PrВITIBUHSa fall TD LIП Of the situation unt
Сопfd fromт page 01
"Where the hall are you trying to go, E 35 ks Sarat F. We Cafe to ha WE dinner, please let us go" says Sarath only to geta kick Hnd he goes Teeling".
Yep, just like the movies, folks. However, tourist arrivals dropped by 25% in 1996. This is no practical joke, no fun and frolics.
Mr. Anura Bandaranaike MP, the only Son of Prime Minister SWRD Bandaranaike, founder of the SLFP says "my life is in danger". In a letter to the |GPMr. Bandaranaikesaid: "I am puting you on notice of this threat and expect you to take appropriate and immediate action to Bn15 Lure my safety ... . " "Despite threats to his life he would citinue to campaign for the UNP and go ahead to address meetings for the
DCa| Elections",
LAWYERSCHOICE: NOAK47
TF1 a Minister Of Justice a Tld Constitutional Affairs, Prof. G. L. Pieris has complained to the Chief Justice, G.P.S de Silva that the "manner in which the Fort Acting Magistrate
Mr, Jayantha Dia; WHOm TF. E LIME PLu Chini Fa Tmg Flid Hc:ted i S LIT15Fatisfat Sunday Island in story, Mr. Punchinil of the chief suspie El lawala assassinat to the report, the told the Island thE had expressed his if tC THE TEtter. ME
i Ea Si | Wa
Mr.A.K. PrEITadäSä HOLISg ChaiTTial regime) by a huge Cousicil electicisis, Sunday Leader re page, received 1, Mr. Pramadasa's 4
THE TjOts Of WiD| The comte St for i conflict; the major Chief Corte Stant Violated or ignor System"I COr ThE2S Lun collapse is the Op
di ca 5G.
 
 

EWALL JA||Č)". 5լյԼ: Էլ:38fլյl MC der EEE|y SLCCE55 fu Highly and 5 Liccessful SLj B5:STLII Migrate outagsful
5լIL::EssfLil
сопропвпт of
Liber of questions. marry an election 'rem āda SI SESri Lu5 bat Talde Hiril Lirik sibilgti FOTOLIIT this Es the factor's Which Of this wester sib|E ? Why did der Stand the gravity it it was too late
G Nar1 Ea yEak karfa t.() MP Susatia Surferidgre, ha 5 tory" reported the a front-page lead ing i 3 Cof C3 LUTES E COTE gus in the Nalanda ion case, ACCOrding Minister Piris has ttle Chief Justice Willingress LO || Ook är While MT. ROTTISH PC frated PC (the for Tier Lake L E SLFP i margin in the Bar Mr. De Silva, the JL3|| 3 it53 froTilt319 votes against 84 votës.
ance lie in conflict. power is one s Luch "political parties the 5. If LFE TL ES ETE ed Constantly, the der SEVE TË Strain. A EI-dOO tO Violer. C3
Confdfrom page l2
* For those WHO Wish to live HS Sri Larıkarı, Citizerı Ship Should be granted to the sons and daughters of the 94, COO applicBrits for Indian Citizenship Who are mainly dead and gone.
Frutfluta g;
1.
5
TO
Marika T.
This paper is based on an address de lliwgr Ed by thi E a Luth Car titled "Basic Rights and the Plantation" delivered LS LKS KKLL L L aH SS LLLLLL LL L C LSC L S Confereri CE – held at Sri Pada CollegE of Education, Katagala on the 19th NjVE TEJE 1996.
Here, I dC mot Want tu dis CLSS thiË
debate concerning the content of the power Shari ng arra ng BITEItS whether they are acceptable to the Tafi|| Community, This de EJHLE IS distret frgrI the Issues rased In This artic||E.
, (1196) Draft Provisions of the
Constitution Containing the Proposals of the Government of Sri Lanka relating to dgvolution af PowerIncluding a commentary on the draft constitutional provisions (Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, Col Cribb C}, p.3
Օբ. Cit. Օբ. Cit,
(1992), Census of Public Sector & Corpura Le Sector
Employment 1990, Department of Stätistics, Colombo)
P.P., (1995), Tea Plantations in Crisis: An Overview, (Social Scientists Association, Colombol, p.54
Kääpathipillai, V., 1992), A igade
of Change in the Plantations: the implications for Worther workers
ICES, Colombo), p. 18.
1995), Sri Lanka Socio-Economic Data 1996, Statistics department, central Bank of Sri Lanka, Colombo), p.37.
1991), Statistical report & Analysis of Social development from 1980-1990 (SLPC, Colombo)
Statistics for those estates run by

Page 27
W privatization
the end of the union represent HOW WI (eiteress of my members be protected
Trade Unionist
 

Privatization will in no way dilute or reduce the
powers and rights of your union, British AirWays was privatized in 1987, and the unions remain to protect worker
interests just as before. Some of the World's largest, most powerful and vocal Unions exist in the private sector. For
example, the United Auto Workers (UAW) represent over 100,000 workers at the three biggest American Car Companies, none of which are state owned. In fact, there is every likelihood that working conditions will actually improve in privatized companies, since there will be substantial investments måde to upgrade facilities and training You look forward to representing a considerably more
prosperous Union.
It is important to realize privatization is a means to an end. It is a means to improve our living standards, foster technological progress, create employment and take Our nation into a more prosperous tomorrow. In order to achieve these aims, privatization has to be executed in the
appropriate Tan Ter.
That is the Lask of the Public Enterprise Reform
Commission (PERC). Its mandate is to make privatization
work for Sri Lanka 15 today, and for generations to Come,
Every privatization is a carefully considered decision
that takes into account the interests of all sectors of Society,
the general public, the state employees, the Consumers, the
suppliers, as well as the Country's overal economic vision.
PERC's mission is to see that privatization works,
In doing so, your interests are always being Well looked
after.
With privatization everybody has a stake.
P E R C WATCH FULIN THE PUBLIC INTEREST
PLJBLCENTERPRISE REFORM CMMISSION,
gark of Ceylon - 10th Flixir, No.4, PC. Box 2001. Bank of Ceykir - Warhı, Calcimbi Sri Linki Telephonc:34. 1.33375ÉIA Fax: 4-1-32Éllé

Page 28
HE SN-ALA NOl
OF TH
 

NTY COUNTERPART
KAGUARDAN