Page 1

ook - Part 1
Grade ELEVEN

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Page 3
Eng
Pupil’s
1.
Part
Goമe E
Educational Publica

tish.
BOOkc
7e Ve/7
ions Department

Page 4
All rights reserved
First published - 2007 Second Print - 2008 Third Print - 2009 Fourth Print - 2010
The Governmen for this book which
Published by the Educa Rathna Publish No. 164/4, Bakmegas v S

English Pupil’s Book
Grade Eleven
It has spent Rs. 135/- ! is presented to you free.
tional Publications Department - ers & Printers (Pvt) Ltd. Vewa Road, Pore, Athurugiriya,
ri Lanka.
II

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The National An
Sri Lanka Matha
Apa Sri Lanka Namo Namo N. Sundara Siri barineė, Surendi at Dhanya dhanaya neka mal pala Apa hata Sepa siri Setha sadana Piliganu mena apa bhakthi poo Apa Sri Lanka Namo Namo N. Oba we apa Vidya Obamaya apa Sathya Oba we apa shakthi Apa hadathula bhakthi Oba apa aloke Apage anuprane Oba apajeevana We Apa mukthiya oba We Navajeewana demine, nithina Ginana Veerya Vadavamina TĈ9 Eka maVakage daru kela bevin Yamu yamu Vee nopama
Prema vada Sema bheda dure
Namo. Namo Matha
Apa Sri Lanka Namo Namo N
II

hem of Sri Lanka
amo Namo Matha
hi Sobamana Lanka
turu piirijaya bhoomiyaramya jeewanaye matha ja Namo Namo Matha
amo Namo Matha
apapubudukaran matha ena yanu manajayabhoomi kara
ada
amO NamO Matha

Page 6
අපි වෙමු එක මවකගෙ දර එක නිවසෙහි වෙසෙන) එක පාටැති එක රුධිරය
S
"ت)
ආථ කථ තුළ දුම්වන )
سمبر
-
ز
。ー ""-سہ 、; එබැවිනි අපි වෙමු වෙය )යුරු
ܚ
එක ලෙස එහි වැඩෙනා
සොඳින සිටිය යුතු වේ
සැමට ම මෙත් කරුණයා ගුවෙ
රන් මිණි මුතු නො ව එය ශ්‍රී කිසි කල නොම දිරනා
- ආනන්ද
ஒரு தாய் மக்கள் நா ஒன்றே நாம் வாழு பு நன்றே உடலில் ஒடும் ஒன்றே நம் குருாதி
அதாைல் சகோதரர் ந ஒன்றாய் வாழும் வள( நன்றாய் இல் இல் லி நலமே வாழ்தல் வேண்
யாவரும் அன்பு கருணைய ஒற்றுமை சிறக்க வா பொன்னும் மணியும் முத் யான்று மழயாச் செல்:
ஆனந் கவிதை

(کرت)
மாவோம்
லில்லம்
நிறம்
ff LD! (36). Tid நம் நாம் 5 (86) டுமன்றோ
டன்
ழ்ந்திடுதல் துமலல - அதுவே
LD65 (3.DT
த சமாரக் கோன் யின் பேயரப்பு
IV

Page 7
FOREW
The mission of educCtion ond to ensure thot the younger Citizens Oble to foice the ChC confidence. The changes instit SChOO! CUTiCUIUm With these Ob effect in 2008. This textbook is Cre
As the government hos OmoUnt of its reven Ue. On free mCake the mOXinm Um USe Of this te
I wish to toke this opportu editors, the members of the evc Of the ECUCCIffi On Cal PUboliCOfiOn OtherS Who hCIVe COnfriboUted fO †
W. MAN
Commissioner Generol (
EdUCotional PUblications Deportr "IsUrUpoyo,"
BOffCrCrmU|| C.
13.O5.2OTO

ORD
is to provide for the future generation con grow Up as illenges of the future with Uted in the grode eleven jectives in mind come into eprint of it.
to disburse on Unbedroble textbooks, it is your duty to Хtbook.
nity to thank the writers, the ilu Cition boCrds, the Officers Deportment ond oll the he compilation of this book.
I.J.PUshpaku marca
of Education of Publications
ment

Page 8
A word to the teacher
The writers panel for the grac They represented different backgrou! was made to utilize these differences i a situation where there is a single text difficulty of producing a Single textbo teaching of English language.
The difference between the la the rural students is clearly evident.T this ground situation, thus the English Student. It is perhaps the only resourc
It is imperative therefore that book. The text gives flexibility to the t group Work and pair Work can be mac in order to See that learning takes plac done in order to create an interest in th and interesting to ensure that learning
Teachers are required to bui Students experiences to facilitate thei realize that a language Syllabuis di compartments from one year to the ne a different context to provide for Int previous years language text ther experiences.

le eleven English text comprised eight teachers. nds in the School System. Every effort therefore na positive Way. This is especially important in for the entire country. Experience has shown the ok for the entire country, especially for the
anguage requirements of the affluent urbanand he language teachers are the ones best aware of teacher is aware of the Value of the text for the e for Vocabulary, Structure and use.
teachers make themselves familiar with the text eacher. in the choice of materials and activities: le use of in ways most convenient to the teacher e effectively. The presentation of the material is he child. make the grasp of material challenging
takes place.
lid appropriate learning situations within the internalization of language. Teachers should also toes not and cannot he taught in Watertight Xt: What a new text can do and does is to Supply velty and innovation. The experience of the efore should be linked to the new learning

Page 9
The texts are moslty home grown, dr folklore and even the literature of the country. T to feel at home and exercise their imaginationir
The workbook is based on the major la the textbook. Once again the teachers are req therein too. So that they can see the relation Flexibility is most productive where
VII

awing on the Wealth of traditions. his should certainly enable the Students aforeign language-learning situation.
nguage learning activities presented in uired to be familiar with the activites ship between the one and the other.
there is complete familiarity.

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Monitoring and Supervision -
Mr. W. M. N.J. Pushpakumara Commissioner General of Educational P
Direction
Mrs. W.). P. Nalika -
Coordination
Mr. Ranjith Iluppitiya - A
Panel of writers.
Mrs. Chandra Amarasekera -
(Chair person)
Mrs. Lakshmi Perera -
Mrs. F.S. Jaleel -
Mrs. Champa Pereira - (
Mrs. Majaziyah Mubarak -

Reprint 2010
ublications.
additional Commissioner of Educational Publications. (Development)
SSistant Commissioner fiducational Publications.
Inglish Consultant. Vinistry of Education.
Assistsnt teacher, Visaka Vidyalaya. Colombo 7.
Assistant teacher. I / Muslim ladies College. Colombo 4.
Chief project officer, N.I.E.
\ssistant teacher.
f Fathima Muslim Ladies College. olombo 2.
VI

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Mrs. Ganga Udugamage
Mr. S.A.D. Samaraweera
Mrs. K. Gunawardena
Mr. Noel Jayamanne
Mrs. Leela Wijesuriya
Board of Editors.
1. Mrs. Kamala Wijeratine
2. Mr. H.R.S.K. Atugoda
Proof reading
Mrs. Gerty Samarasinghe
Ilustrations and cover
1. Mr. Priyalal Marasinghe 2. Mrs. Amitha Indirani
3. Mr. Godakande Jayatissa
Computer Technology Computer Assistance
Final Evaluation
Mrs. Ramola Rasool
Mi
— Vis
- Di Nati
-- Fo Co Pal
- Le U
| Χ

sistant teacher.
/ Harischandra College. gombo. ief project officer.
E.
English Director. histry of Education. sistant Director, English unit, nistry of Education. sistant Commissioner of Icational Publications.
iting Lecturer, niversity of Sri Jayawardenapura.
rector (English) onal Institute of Education.
rmer lecturer. liege of Education. hthalagedera.
tteacher Gam Kirindivala M.M.V. t teacher Kg / Mawa / Rivisanda M.V. rimer Art teacher.Mahinda V. Galle.
lucational Publications Department r. H. L. Lakmal Kumara Abeyasinha. iss. K. G. Rasangika Mihirani.
cturer (English ). iversity of Kelaniya.

Page 12
2 ( 1 jįre
3. , ’ah and Safet
4 { i } { 1 a 1 sig W
5 ( iv i izations

e/77S.
Page
O 1 - 30
3 - 56
у 57-85
orld 86- 18
19-146

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Language
Language functions Gra
i) Presenting facts i)
eg. I learned what true
loneliness was
ii) Developing a style of ii)
writing eg. Strolling up the shore
iii)
C
iv)
 

/72/7/24/*
Use of prepositional phrases eg. On my long Walks
Adjectival phrases Cg: An intelligent UttCran CC Use of punctuation
marks g: "What? Don't like
patch work? Suffixes and Prefixes eg: attachment, ungrateful. Ad Verbo
eg. Sometimes, always.
For free distribution

Page 14
Reading / Writing
FAMI
Family bonds orities play a major
between, and among family me relationships between family mem father and children and among ch
SUCCCSS.
Family bonds arise out of liv caring and sharing. No matter howr and affection do not depend on weal different phases. A child becomes a the process of growing up family ties in later life, in times of difficulty.
In the modern World famil pays much attention tomoney. Mon Society. As a result people have becC of others. Thus family bonds orities
the family, we learn to care for ours
 

LY BONDS
role in our lives. It is the deep attachment mbers. It lasts forever. The affectionate pers: fatherandmother, motherandchildren. ildren bring happiness, good fortune and
sing together inharmony with love. affection. ich orpoor, family bonds are the Same. LOVe th. All children grow up to be adults passing teenager, an adolescent and a grown up. In should be protected. They serve as an anchor
y bonds are drifting apart. Modern Society
By seems to give status and importance in the me competitive. They have no time to think have become frail. When we learn to care for
ociety and to care for Our country.
محمد

Page 15
Activity 1.1
Writing / Reading
. In what way do you think a family . On what do family bonds depend ... To which phase of life do you belc ... Why should family bonds be prot . Inthemodern World why arethef:
. Read the line which describesmo
What typeoflife does a moderni
b. 8. Do you think family bonds are im 9. Who are "they in paragraph thre 10. Why do youthink “they have no
Activity 1.2
Speaking / Writing
1) What do youthink of family bond
2) How would you strengthen bonds
a) among family members? b) among friends, relations?
c) among the members of a Societ
Write a paragraph of about 150 words on 1 HOMP Can Moe make this WOrlad a better pola
Start from family, go on to School, the commun

life can be happy?
ng tO?
ected?
amily bonds becoming frail? dern Society.
man prefer?
portant'?Why?
e?
time to care for others?
S in the present times?
y?
ity and later, the Society.
POr Tree distribution

Page 16
Activity 1.3 Vocabul
Writing 01 A Suffix
Nouns can be formed by ad
CS:
Verbo Suf
attach ՈՂe protect ion
Write the following verbs a the box.
3 ΙΥΠΟVC.
b. associate
C. manage
d. inform
C
. educate
Underline the nouns that get chal
eg. create – creation
02. A prefix
New adjectives can be formed b, the beginning.
CS:
Adjective
fortunate
grateful.
patient
Draw the grid in your Writing each group. (you may refer to a
For free distribution
 
 
 

ding suffixes to verbs at the end.
int attachment
protection
snouns using suitable suffixes from
f encourage Suffixes g. collect ment h ΙΟΥ ... all OLLICC Out i relate CT
i. entertain OI"
nged.
y adding prefixes to adjectives at
Prefix Adjective
unfortunate
Ull ungrateful im impatient
im immature
book and complete it by adding five words to lictionary/get the help of the teacher)
گی۔

Page 17
Activity 1.4 Pair Work
Writing
Family bonds or relationships depend onre us has responsibilities. What is responsibi deal with Or take care of
Responsibilities differ according to ther who holds apost? Students of a school are head prefect and prefect, the games captain monitor/monitreSS etc.
Discuss with your partner and make a post in your Writing book. Use Simple Pr
eg. I'm the class monitor.
My main responsibility is to keep the cli I keep the class tidy and neat. It is my duty to keep the classroom clea
Activity 1.5
Reading / Writing
The family bonds- In the novel
“The Mill on the Floss" by Mary Ann
Evans (who used the pen name George
Elliot) the writer brings out the
positive and the negative ideas and
feelings of the people well.
It is the story of the Tulliver family, Mr
Tulliver, Mrs Tulliver, their two children, T.

sponsibilities. Each and everyone of lity? Responsibility means a duty to
Iosition or the post. Are you a student elected to different posts such as the office bearers of Societies and class
list of the responsibilities of such a esent Tense
assin control.
1.
om & Maggie.
For free distribution

Page 18
Now read and enjoy a part of the
Maggie Reading
For free distribution
 

novel “The Mill on the Floss’.
– the Little Lass
Maggie, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Tulliver is nine and tall for her age. Sometimes she sits in the Sunshine and reads a book. She has a brown skin and black hair. Her mother is very sad that the little girl is not very pretty. She wished Maggie would try to make herself beautiful. Maggie's hair was absolutely Straight and she did not bother to comb or brush her hair. Her mother had to remind her to do so.
"Now go upstairs and brush your hair, and change your shoes and then come and do your patch work, her mother said.
"Oh! mother. I don't want to do my patch work.” “What Don't like patch Work? Look at Aunt Glegg." "I don't like her. I don't like patch work either. Tearing things to pieces and Sewing them together again.'
Mr. Tulliverlaughed atherintelligent utterance. "You encourage her to be naughty. Her aunts all say I don't teach her to be ladylike.” Mr. Tulliver laughed again. Mr. Tulliver always thought about his son, Tom's education. "I want to send him to a really good school'. This was an importantmatter.
e

Page 19
Maggie's brother Tom was to be sentaway very much. Those words worried Maggie. She
“Father, when Tom goes to School can I go home, the rabbits, the barn.” Mr. Tulliver's h certaintenderness and patted his girl on the b:
Mrs. Tulliver's sisters and their families arrived."Go and speak to your uncles and aunts grow wonderfully fast. But I think the girl has Mrs. Tulliver was upset. She pulled Maggie to “Go upstairs now, immediately, and brushyol Don't be a disgrace.”
Maggie was very hurt.
“Why does mother call me a disgrace? It trouble. I'll cut it.” She took a pair of scissors, hand and "snip” went the scissors. She had cu saw herself in the mirror and was truly frighte
Tom came up looking for her. He was with herhair cut. Maggie tried to be brave. Hau was shocked.
“Little girls who cut their own hair sho water, said Aunt Glegg.
Maggie broke into loud sobs and ran tol hair will grow soon, don't cry.”
She always went to her fatherfor consc there to listen to her grievances.

to school. Maggie loved her brother went and sat on her father's knees.
) and see him sometimes? He'll miss leart was touched. He laughed with a ack, and kept her between his knees.
were coming on a visit. The visitors j,” her mother said. “Well my dear, you too much hair. Aunt Pullet remarked.
a side and said,
ur hair. Brushit twenty times.Nowgo.
's my hair. It's always getting me into and ran upstairs. She just held it inher ther hair. Then when the hair fell, she ned. She did not want to go down.
frightened too when he saw his sister İndin hand they wentdown.Everybody
uld be whipped and fed on bread and
ner father. “Now, now,” he said, “your
plation and she knew father was always
For free distribution

Page 20
Activity 1.6
Writing
Pick out the phrases that d Why does Mrs. Tulliverfi Why do you think Mr. Tull utterance?
Do you think Maggie like 5. Which lines show the stro
4.
b. 6. What kind Ofattitude do til
Mr. Tulliver, Mrs. Tulliver. 7. Write the words that will
characters.
eg. Mr. Tulliver-caring
Activity 1.7 Vocabula
Writing
Match the words in column (A) with
A
enCOurage
utteranCe
remarked
skilfully absolutely
consolation
tenderness
matter
For free distribution

escribe Maggie. ld fault with her daughter? iver laughed at Maggie's "intelligent
Sto stay at home without Tom? ng bond between fatheranddaughter?
nese adults have towards children?
aunts. help you to describe the attitudes of the
2
ry
in their meanings incolumn (B)
B
gentle and loving nature completely
took notice
motivate
spoken words
expertly
thing/affair
comfort

Page 21
Adverbo:
Adverbs modify verbs. They tell more about
Here are two adverbs from the text Maggie - the
1. Sometimes she sits in the Sunshine and
2. She always went to her father.
Sometimes C ( always &
Here are three more adverbs.
3. My English teacher usually comes to sc
duty - conscious.
4. Chandra frequently goes to the library
5. My mother rarely buys vegetables at th
gardening.
Activity 1.8 Pair work
Make meaningful sentences from the table. make necessary changes in the verb.
Our class teacher always
Myfriend Sometimes
I usually We frequently They rarely
Children
eg. Our class teacher always reads books.

S
verbs.
2little lass'
reads a book.
occasionally at all times
hool on time as she is
because she likes reading.
he market as she does home
One is done for you. You may
read cool drinks
Watch fruits
play television
Write neWSpaperS
eat letters
drink cricket
For free distribution

Page 22
Activity 1.9
Enrichment
Read and enjoy the poem.
The long.
The poet has used capitals in unusual way to show those t are important. Write a senter words beginning with capital,
POr Tree distributiΟη
 

- ago you and me - Sister, Sister,
Take my hand and we'll go back as far as we can, Backthrough the fields of Memory To the long-ago you and me.
Childhood was Home, and Home was Light and Love and Warmth on a cold, dark night, and there at the heart of Home were we, The long-ago you and me.
We whispered secrets, Laughed and cried, ran wild outdoors,
| , or stayed inside,
held safe in the arms of Family, the long-ago you and me.
We were little then.
now We are grown upS but I love you still, - My Sister, my own
and still at Home
hings in my heart are We, Ice with the long-ago you and me
ls. -итkтоит
10

Page 23
Activity 1.10
Comprehension.
Read the poem again and select the mos
ptions given.
(1) This is said to the sister by - a
- ab
- ho
- go
y` (2) Take my hand - WC
(3) Through the fields of memory - stc - TC1
- tO
(4) At the heart of home were we - in – W6
- W.
(5) Safe in the arms of family – Wt
(6) In my heart are We - W.
(7) The long ago you and me - lo

" answer from the three
ther sister.
mily member. rother.
'll go together. ld my hand. to the fields.
ories of the past. minisences of the past. go to the fields.
the middle of home. 2 represented what a home is. 2 were the main attraction.
2 were protected as a unit. rfamily has arms. the arms of our mother.
2 are in our own hearts. u and I are always in my heart. 2 have hearts.
ng ago we lived together.
any yearS agO. the past we were specially fond of ch other
For free distribution

Page 24
Activity 1.11 Pair W
Reading / Writing
(a) Read the poem and answe
After
AS both of us have grown. We’ve changed the style of clo
WCWCa
We've changed the way we w;
and how we fix our hair...
But even though. as time goes by We Seethings differently No matter how we change.
You'll always mean the Worldt
1) Write the differences that c
be clearly seen after many y 2) Why does the poet say “We
3) How do you know that the 4) Which line tells us many ye
5) What is the message or the
(b) Which of the two poems do
Find out whether your reas
For free distribution

Drk
the questions given below.
Many Years
thes
alk and talk
)uld
€3TS.
see things differently"?
are old?
rs have passed?
heme of this poem?
you like more ? Give reasons.
ns match with your partner's.
12
d

Page 25
Friends
Reading
Afriendship is a bond between two livi irrespective of age, status, caste, creed and man Or even an Oldman can find a friend ac True friends share feelings such as happines should betrustworthy and loyalto each oth friendship healthy and it uplifts the lives off
As the proverb says “Afriend in need is a
Playwrights have written plays on friendship friendship, poets have Written poem on frie
friendship the theme of their novels.
Activity 1.12
Reading / Speaking
On April 26' 1564 a name was added to the register of the village Stratford-upo Avon in England as William Shakespear Nobody could foresee that this babyboy wou be world famous as the greatest Writer in t
language.
“The Merchant of Venice' is one of the 37 pla
written by William Shakespeare betweent years 1598 and 1612. This play highlightst strong bond between two friends.
In the city of Venice there lived two frier Antonio and Bassanio. Antonio was a ship ov
and Bassanio a nobleman who was notas as his friend.
13

hip
Ig beings. Friendships are formed ender Achild, ateenager, ayoung ording to his feelings and wishes. . }, sadness and affection. Friends r. Caring and sharing make a ends and it will give colour to life.
friend indeed”
lyricists have woven lyrics on indship and novelists have made
yS
le
1C .
ds Ոer William Shakespeare
sch
For free distribution

Page 26
Tru
Adapted from “The Merci
Role play
BasSanio Antonio. I heard th
Antonio Portia? The daugh
died recently?
BaSSanio Yes, she is Portia. Winher. I'm intere father was living. I have the money to
Antonio I wish I could give
that much now. My ships haven't r the money lender, t
Venice'?
BasSanio I don't think so. Sh
him either.
Antonio Bassanio, we are or
charge an interest.
Bassanio But I don't like to S
about this.
Antonio persuaded Bassanio ana He agreed to give money On One
Shylock
Antonio
BasSainio
For free distribution
Yes, I will give you you must give me a due date. That's the interest I want.
I'm ready to sign th agreement.
I disagree with you. I don't like to see you face danger, in case you fail to pay back the loan.

Friends
ant of Venice”
at many suitors are trying to win Portia. er of the wealthy nobleman who
Many young men in Venice try to sted to0. Wehave meteach other When her ut I cannot present myself as I don’t even go ahead. I need three thousand ducats. you the money, but I don't have
aturned yet. Shall we ask Shylock, he richest money lenderin
ylock doesn't like us. We don't like
ly borrowing the money. Shylock can
m ready to sign an agreement.
ee you fall into trouble. Let’s forget
the two friends went to meet Shylock. Condition.
money, but on One condition. Antonio, pound offlesh if you fail to repay by the
كه

Page 27
But Antonio did not listento his friend. He Antonio borrowed the money from Shylc Portia accepted Bassanio as her husband. T not payback the loan. A court case was fi
Activity 1.13 Group Work
Speaking
a) Role play the dialogue. b) What happened to Antonio after
Now read and find out whether your
Portia and
Reading
Portia, the beloved wife of Bassanio was court case. She was worried about her hus She wrote a note to Nerissa, her maid.
Nerissa,
I have learnt the cause of Antonios m. Bassanio. Antonio is in danger; because down by Shylock requires Antonio to gir relieve him my cousin and I Worked Oul dress as male lawyers and appear for Ant
SeCFel.

wanted to help Bassanio somehow. ck and handed it over to Bassanio.
ime passed. Antonio however could led by Shylock.
wards? Discuss.
Nerissa
the most concerned about the
band's life long friend, Antonio.
ental agony from my dear husband of my husband. The condition laid
ve a pound of flesh in return. So to "a plan. Both of us, you and I will Onio. Be ready. But keep everything
Portia
s For free distribution

Page 28
Activity 1.14 Comprel
Reading / Writing
Read the note and construct WH and why in your Writing books and
eg. Who is Nerissa? – Nerissa
Activity 1.15 Writing
Writing
Imagine you are Nerissa and w
Activity 1.16 Composi
Writing
1. Prepare a write up about yo Why you have selected him. Write the composition using
Past Tense.
Activity 1.17
Writing
Imagine that you have a pen-palabr
describing - yourself/schoo
- your country
- what you like an
(150 words)
For free distribution 1

mension
questions using who, what, when, where then Write the answers.
is Portia's maid.
a note
rite a note to Portia as a reply.
tion
Dur best friend in the class.
/her as your best friend.
2. Simple Present Tense and Simple
oad. Write a letter to him/her
ol/ class
ld dislike in your country

Page 29
Kalidasa - the Reading
Kalidasa, the World famous Indian poet century. This century is known as an era of Science and the arts.
The play Shakuntala is considered as til him in the Sanskrit language. Meghadutha texts composed by this great poet, Kalidas:
Shakunt
The play Shakuntala is woven aroundth beautiful maiden. She was the daughter oft and Kashyapa, an eruditerishi.
Shakuntala was brought up in the forest by Kan va rishi. She spent her time amidst natureamong flowers, birds, trees and animals. She had a happy childhood with her friends Anasuya, Priyanwada and other companions-the disciples of Kanvarishi, her foster father.
Prince Dushmantha, a
handsome young man Saw
her and was struck by her 。少
beauty. It was an unexpected meeting.
17
 

great poet
lived during the first half of the fifth prilliantachievements in literature.
he greatest literary text written by and Iruthu Sanhara are two other
a.
alla
elove andlife ofan extremely he goddess (apsara) Menaka
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Page 30
Theprince Sought the hand oft in Indian Literature.
Themostemotional momento farewell to her beloved companio animate and inanimate things.The birds, the immobility of the jungle parting. Kanvarishithough an asc adopted daughter. She bade farew the trees, the flowers and the ponc Some of the most poignantline laymen can bear to separate from their life and blood. Kanvarishi foll of Sakunthalaleaving him.
This play highlights the strong adopted daughter.
Activity 1.18 Com
Reading / Writing
1. Construct two sentences C
2. Pickup the phrase that de
3. Why would you say that S
4. Name the two sets ofcom Give an example for each
5. What is the most emotion:
6. Do you think Kanvarishi
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lis beauty. The story of their love is famous
the play emerges when Shakuntalabade ls, who had been with her, and all the play brings to focus the stilled voice of the as they share with her the sorrow of etic could not bear to part with his ell to the does, the deer, the rabbits, that she intensely loved. sin the play are, when Kanvarishi reflects how heir daughters, to whom they have given Indit very difficult to face this situation
bond between a foster father and his
prehension
in Kalidasa, the great poet.
cribes Shakuntala.
hakuntala was a nature lover?
Danions who had been with Shakuntala. Category.
| moment of the play'?
hould not feel the separation so much? Why?
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Page 31
Activity 1.19
Reading / Writing
Companio A companion is a person who keeps cares for us. Sometimes a companion can about the companionship between animals
The loneliest yea)
My dog and my mongoose Were my sol The latter grew at my side, slept in my bed, an the affectionate nature of amongoose. My little
Islept on a field cotlike a Soldier. All I had fo chairs for my Work, my dog, my mongoose work. Strolling up the shore I would come to the alongside, my companion I couldn't get lost. who always protected me.
In 1929, Ceylon, the most beautiful of colonial structure as Burma and India. The Engl neighbourhoods and their clubs. Caught between in dinnerjackets and the Hindus I couldn't hop had only solitude open to me and so that time W
19
 

nship
company, who comforts us, who be an animal. This story tells us and a human being.
rs of my life
e companions, fresh from the jungle. late at my table. No one can imagine pet was familiar with every minute of my day-to-day life. She trampled all over my papers and raced after me all day long. She curled up between my shoulder and my head at siesta time and slept there the fitful, electric sleep of wild animals. She accompanied me on my long walks by the sea shore. I learned what true loneliness Was in those days and years in Wellawatte. During all that time r company Were a table, and the two and the boy who did the household elephants bathing hole. With my dog He was my companion, my guardian
the World's large islands had the same ish had entrenched themselves in their the Englishmen dressed every evening e to reach their fabulous immensity, I as the loneliest in my life.
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Page 32
This story was written by Pa poetin Chile who wrotein Span Hardy St.Martin) How many of social thinker, the winner of the some years in Sri Lanka (Ceyl mongoose and a dog?
Activity 1.20 Co
Speaking / Writing
A. 1. Where did the Writerspe
2. Who were the living con
3. How did the mongoosep
4. Which sentences show us
and the animals?
5. How does Neruda descr
B. 6. What kind of a man is th
7. How do dumb friends (a
8. Why does the writer say
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blo Neruda in 1929. He was the greatest ish. (This was translated into English by fus know that Pablo Neruda- the poet, a Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971 spent on) as a diplomat in the company of a
mprehension
nd his loneliest years? panions of the Writer? }rovide companionship to the Writer?
s the companionship between the Writer
ibe Ceylon in 1929?
e Writer Pablo Neruda?
nimals) keep company with human beings? “I learned What true lonelineSS Was'?
20

Page 33
Activity 1.21 Vocabulary
Writing
Find phrases from the text similar in and write them in your writing book.
1. only companions
2. untamed creatures
3. Very quick sleep 4. Walks of long distances 5. daily routine 6. years of solitude 7, work in the house
Activity 1.22 Listening an
Speaking / Writing
Arrange a debate in the class based on - Who is more cruel, animal or m
Guidelines-Discuss thenature ofan
eg: Why are humans more cruel or self
Take down notes for the proposition an a composition on one view.
Guidelines 1) Anim
2) They 3) It is th 4) ....... 5) ......
21
 
 

- Pair work
teaning to the phrases given
Sole companions
ld composition
the topic an?
imals and man.
centered in nature?
dopposition views and write
als and humans are all living beings. Delong to one family. e family of Mother Nature
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Page 34
Enrich ment
enjoy this poem.
To Tikki — for lov
- by Kamal
01. There was no self
In your love You gave all No coquetry, no archness No holding back For the title you got You gave so much and more
03 Canine you may have been
But you taught us Dogs can have standards The Setteeyou appropriated to yol And the new bedside carpet The Way you partook of your mea Morsel by morsel, unhurried, deco
05 Protector and avenger
You fought fiercely forus and ours Friend- We Wait defenceless The drawing room carpet is bare And as I sit at the table My feet recoil from the cold ceme The last twelve years When ever I sat attable And stretched my legs Your softness was there To warm my feet.
Activity 1.23
Paraphrase the poem and Write a
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ving without self love a Wijeratine
02 The gladness in your voice
Was unmistakable The pain of yearning For the days missed The loneliness all told In that single stentorian bark
04 Gentle to us householders
Hostile to strangers You established your writ All Over the avenue
IrSelf Strays-dogs and cats
Found no mercy
ls
1`OUIS
nt floor
baragraph on "My loving pet-Tikki”
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Page 35
Activity 1.24
Speaking
Relationship - Ab
Relationships are bu
(1) Relationships are built throug
When people meet for the first time they col obtaining information.
At a Prize Distribution Ceremony
Sujani Maduri Sujani
Maduri Sujani
Maduri
Sujani Maduri
Sujani
Maduri
Sujani Maduri
Hello, I am Sujani. Hello, Iam Maduri. I'm fi I'm from Sujatha Vidyala of the Science Society? Yes, I'm the Secretary. Th I'm a member of the You prize today because ourir A girl in Our School has W. Essay Competition. I cam They’re going to start the Don't forget you have tos Let's keep in touch. Yes. We'll meet after the
inventors. It’s nice to have met you. Nice meeting you too. Se See you!
Activity 1.25
Writing - A dialogue
Imagine you met another child of y examination hall. Write the dialogue.
23

roader sense
tilt in different ways
h communication
me to know each other, by
rom Girls' High School, Kandy ya, Matara. Are you a member
lat’s why I am invited. ng Inventors Club. We got the lvention won the first place. on the third place in the Science Le With her. : ceremony. We’ve to go and sit. it according to the number given.
ceremony. After all we are young.
e you later!
our age for the first time in the
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Page 36
(2) Relationships are built til
Writing to friends or -
relations
Activity 1.26
Writing
Letters help to strengthen the bo Read the letter written by Yasmin
DearSujatha.
Thank you for the arak Sha gatha (t would not call myselfa Very religious pe I was deeply touched by yourgesture. Your friendship has brought me a lot to me in these last few days is specially t children have gone their own Way, as the almost too regularly. We are in goodh nothing. However every now and agai Without the noise of children around lif So yourgesture has brought a new d others, your contribution to the school p a meal with another have taught mehow Please give my regards to your cousin Tell her what you have done, I shall now bed. I shall be thinking of you of course.
Yours affectionately, Yasmine.
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hrough letters
within the country / abroad
nds between friends or relations. e to her friend, Sujatha.
he hymns for protection) you had sent me. I rSon, noram Ian irreligious person. However
of happiness, the caring you have extended Ouching. I am now at the end of my life, my y should. They talk to us of course, regularly, ealth, and enjoy a comfortable life, we want n I feel that I do not need to strive any more. e seems empty. limension to my life. Yourselfless caring for lay practices, your bounty in readily sharing VI can bring life to my activities.
Neela; We knew you as the Palipanacousins. V be chanting the gatha at least before I go to , then.

Page 37
Activity 1.27 Comprehensi
Read the letter and answer the followin
What had Sujatha sent to Yasmin?
How old do youthink the writeris? List what you learn about Sujatha's ch
How does the Writer describe herself. Who is a religious person?Who isani
What is Sujatha's surname? Write the
Write in your own words the meaning
Activity 1.28
Writing
Write the original letter that Sujatha wo
(3) Relationships are built throu communication - Modern ta
Telephone- After the invention of the teleph has helped people in numerous to continue relationships. The te
immensely.
Activity 1.29 Pair work
Writing / Speaking
A. List five uses of the telephone in them
eg:- It helps us to contact people who
B. Write a telephone conversation thatta friends after alongtime. Roleplay the
25

on
g questions.
haracter.
religious person? clue that helped you to guess it. of the phrases given in bold.
uld have written to Yasmine.
Igh modern methods of echnology
one by Alexander Graham Bell, it ways to buildup relationships, :lephone helps modern people
Lodern Society.
) associate us.
kes place betweentwo conversation.
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Page 38
(4) Legal bonds are built
Activity 1.30 Pair
Writing
иrite down the legal bonds tha
a) employer and employee eg:– Should be courteous
b) Bank officer and a customer eg:- Should be polite
(5) Relationships are bui
Unlike the relationships builtonac Society which are one sided. Thes
The oath given by a doctoris called
The Hip
1. I shall abstain from Whateve
. I will give no deadly medici With purity and holiness Iw
Into whatever house I enter,
I will abstain from every Vol.
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through relationships
Work
should be there between
ilt on promises/oaths
quaintances there are relationships with the 2 are called promises or oaths.
-The Hippocratic Oath
pocratic Oath
ris harmful and mischievous to my patients.
he to anyone.
ill pass my life and practise my Art.
I will go into them for the benefit of the sick.
untary act of corruption.
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Page 39
Activi†y 1.31 Group Wo
Writing
1) Complete the promises/oath
writing book.
Sometimes
take oaths v Prefect / Pri
(i) Head Prefect/Prefects
(ii) Guide - Aguide giv different sta “I promise my religion others at all
(iii) Scout - Promise or
“I promise
(iv) Nurse - Find out the
Activity 1.32
Writing
Fill in the blanks with the correct rela, (who/which/because/as/when)
1. Mr. Tulliver was a miller C
2. Mrs. Tulliver did not like Maggie'sh
Straight.
3. Tom goes to school I will Mrs. Tulliver did not show her loves untidy and mischievous.
5. Tom and Maggie did not like their all
critical.
27

rk
ns given below in your
it is the custom in the schools to when appointing the Head efects etc.
estheoathafter completing the
geS. on my honour to do my duty to and to my country and to help times and to obey the law”
the oath - Find out the oath
- - - - - - - - - - -
2 oath given by a nurse.
five pronoun / conjunction
wned the Dorleote Mill.
lair it was black and
look after the rabbits. or Maggie she was
lntS they were always
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Page 40
Activity 1.33 Pair wo
Writing
Match the punctuation marks in
Mark (A)
NaVin’s
don’t
Identify the punctuation marks
“Miss Maggie, you're to come do hurriedly at this moment. "Lawks wha fright!” “Go away, Kezia; I don't War "Oh! well, I can't stay. I've got to wait:
Re-write the following passage corr
come come my little lass said her fath mind you were right to cut it offif it bot
part delicious Words oftenderness. mag
her father took her part she kept themi
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rk
'A' with the descriptions in 'B'
Description (B)
full stop
CO2
possessive apostrophe
colon
Semicolon
inverted commas
exclamation mark
replacing apostrophe
question mark
wn at once.” said Kezia entering the room thave you been doing? I've neverseen such a ntany dinner, said Maggie, “I shant come.
at dinner. Said Kezia, going out again.
ectly using punctuation marks.
ergently putting his arm around maggie never hered you stop crying father will take your
ggie never forgot any of these moments when
n her heart and thought of them years after
28

Page 41
Grammar - Prepositions and preposition
Read the text "The loneliest years of my sentences given below.
1. The latter grew at my side, slept inn 2. She trampled all over my papers and 3. She accompanied me on my long we
The underlined words in the above sent
show the different physical positions-pr words placed before nouns or pronouns,
Now look at these phrases given below
- at my side
- in my bed
- Over my paperS
- on my long walks
- by the sea shore.
These phrases are called prepositional pl consists ofa preposition followed by a pri
E.g. She is at the bus sto
(preposition) (complement)
29

|al phrases.
life" and pay attention to the
ly bed, and ate at my table.
raced after me all day long. Ilks by the Seashore.
ences at, in over, on and by epositions. Prepositions are
hrases. A prepositional phrase epositional complement.
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Page 42
Find out the prepositional phrases i them in your writing book.
1. The book is on the table. 2. Nimal is a student of VijithaMa 3. Our School is beside the river. 4. The post office is near the Peop 5. The aeroplane flew over the isla
Write five sentences using prepositional pl
POr Tree distribution

in the following sentences and write
ha Vidyalaya.
lle’s Bank. und.
hrases in your Writing book.
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Page 43
Language Functions
(O1) Defining
The food they eat, the clothes they wear, their very ideas are also a part of their culture.
(02) Introducing
This is a presentation made by a student on the importance of the betel leaf.
(03) Expressing opinion
The comb of bananas too is
culturally important like the Sheaf of betel.
(04) Presenting Facts
Alexandra Victoria was born on May 24th 1819.
31
 

e Focus
Craтar
(O1) Finding the Main clause and Subordinate clause ina
sentence eg: Shecametothethronein 1837, (Main clause) after the death of her uncle. (Subordinate clause)
(02) Complex sentences,
using conjunctions eg: In 1840shemarriedherdistant cousin Albert who was a German
prince.
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Page 44
Reading
The Students and teachers of Arar have a cultural show in the School he understanding among the people. Here
Kamal
Nizar
Geetha
Nizar
Stephanie:
Geetha
Nizar
Kamal
Stephanie :
We're going to be busy
Of course With the cultu involved is going to be I'm sure it's going to be
The events of the show communities and count celebrations are differer Isn't that what culture it
Don't you think langua the clothes we wear, th
I think Kamal will be a he helped his sister with
Yes, I now have a broa
What about the historic
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nayake Central College are planning to all. They wish to promote harmony and
they are busy discussing their plans.
the next couple of days.
|ral festival coming up, the Work hectic.
; exciting and interesting.
will have to highlight the beliefs of lies. The customs, traditions, rituals and lt.
Sabout ?
ge is also important? The food we eat, e ideas too are a part of the culture.
ble to clear our doubts in this field as ther project on cultural studies.
didea about culture.
alsites and paintings?
32

Page 45
Kamal
Geetha
Kamal
Geetha
Of course they too. The symbols used in a comm
Yes, but don't forgettha people and Some countr
:- That's true, Wethink of
more important.
What a Wonderful Sessi about the cultural festiva about culture.
Activity 2.1 Compreher
Writing
Answer the questions in your
b 6.
What are the students orga
Who thinks that it is going
Why are the students orga
How did Kamal get to kn
Write the Sentence which
Why is culture important
What are the things the org
to look into ?
33

taboos, codes, tools and unity are also of cultural significance.
culture changes with time.Some tes have more of it. Some have less.
he past as being somehow culturally
nit has been! We started speaking land ended up with a good knowledge
sion
unizing?
to be exciting?
nizing this event?
DW about culture?
shows that culture is not Static.
opeople?
anizing committee will have
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Page 46
Activity 2.2 Pair work
Join the words in A with their nea Write in your writing book.
A.
1. promote ban or prohibit as not to be do
other reasons.
2. couple of days encourage or S.
3. hectic Single, continu
4. involved importance
5. rituals Set of laws Orr
6. sites very busy
7. taboos a few days
8. Codes concerned with
9. Significance Series of action
Ceremony
10. Session a place where
POr Tree distributiΟη

- Vocabulary
nings in B.
ion on something that is regarded
ne, touched or used for religious or
upport
ous period spentin one activity
ules arranged in a System
Something
is used in a religious or Some other
Duildings or towns are situated/found
34

Page 47
Activity 2.3 Pair work
Writing List in point form the facts you hava
sub topics “Individual” and “Comm
Individual
Activity 2.4
Writing
LLLLLL LS L L L L L L L L L LE svoj Write in your writing book.
. Today people lead a
. Some cultures have many
. There's a on Smok
... We'll be getting our vacation in a
. The ancient of Sri I
. It is important to brΟ
. The recording att
. The practice of moral
Society.
9. Respecting elders is of
10.The Students were
Shramadana.
35

e gathered about culture, under the unity.” Write in your writing book.
Community
ds selected from the list given in 2.2.
life.
king in this office.
Lankatakes us to a World of Wonder.
therhood and love among all citizens.
the S.L.B.C. was very interesting.
is important for the well-being of a
in Our Society.
in cleaning the School during the
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Page 48
Activity 2.5 Pair work
Writing
• Design a notice for the school no
the cultural festival and inviting
e Mention the date, time, venue al
SSSTSTSS S SSTSTTT S S S S S STS STT S TTT S SSSTSTSTT S TTST S STS ST S TT SS S S SS TSSS TSSS ST S TS S TST ST TST S TSTT LST S S S TS SLS SLS S S
Activity 2.6 Pair work
Writing As the Secretary of the organizing principal of your school, requesting
festival. Include the following.
}k Date k Time >k Have p
>k Permission to have it in the schoo
Complete the letter in your writin
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - דת -ן
The Principal
Request This is to inform you that we are hoping
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ptice board, informing students about g them to take part in the events.
nd purpose.
Teacher in charge
(organizing committee)
:ommittee, Write a letter to the for permission to hold the cultural
ractices for 2 weeks
l hall
or permission
to have the cultural festival on
(N
aՈC
Organizing Committee
SSSS

Page 49
The Bet
Reading
This is a presentation made by a "The importance of the betell My presentationis on the importa of the betel leaf Asheaf of betel is associa almost with every important event and milest of our lives. It is used in Welcoming, show reverence, communicating good and bad n and demonstrating Social give and take. In rural Society even todaya Visitor to the hous made welcome by offering betel leaves from tray. Sharing betel is a sign of companions The tray of betel leaves cuts across also distinctions. It gives oneequality. Inancient til it was found in every household-rich orp It is also a sign of affection. One ma as a token of companionship. The betel symbol of respect. A person would offer Sometimes he may go down on his knees, and Tamil New Year's day it is customary the elders and worship them.
The chief guest for a cultural functio a funeral house the betel is arranged upsid first day in School and after the new year W. or her teacher. Betel is significant in the perf Relatives are invited for weddings with the Will get as many leaves as the numbers invit At ceremonies when money is exch or wrapped in it. This adds dignity to the C Lankan Society held no respect for cash. In physicians were never offered money.
37

el Leaf
T student of grade II on eaf.”.
ՈCC
ited
ՕՈC ing
OOI . ly prepare a chew for a relation or a friend is offered by the young to the elders as a it with the stem away from one's self. Once the sheaf is accepted. On the Sinhala for the young to offer a sheaf of betel to
In would beinvited with a sheaf of betel. At e down on the betel tray. A student on his ould offer a sheaf of betel and worship his ormance of the Sinhalamarriage customs.
betel leaf, like an invitation card. A family Led.
hanged the money would be on abetel leaf leed. This is because till recent times Sri in the past, Buddhist priests and Ayurvedic
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Page 50
Activity 2.7 Pair work
Reading / Writing
Read the text and list the occasions or used.
Activity 2.8 Pair work
Writing Write 5 sentences about an occasio betel leaves.
Activity 2.9
Reading
The Comb
The following presentation made by the comb of bananas is also significan
I wish to speak on the significance comb of bananas too is culturally impo bananasis favoured as a gift. It occupies a along with other Sweetmeats like keyun (c bananas too cuts across Social distinct bananas from his crop to the richest mana
The comb of bananas occupies a Hindukovil. The banana is one kind offir the abisekham ceremony. This is done to of the banana is considered a sign of pro important place in the trays used in cere etc. of the Hindus.
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which the sheaf of betel / betel leaf is
on where you have seen the use of
of Bananas
another student attempts to show that at today like the sheaf of betel.
2 of the banana in our day to day life. The rtant like the sheaf of betel. The comb of significant place in the traditional table laid oil cakes), kokis, and milkrice. The comb of ions. A poor man could offer a comb of and no distinctions are made.
significant place in the "pooja’ tray at the uit applied on the god’s body in performing get the god's blessings. The yellow colour sperity. Therefore the bananas Secure an monies, such as engagements, weddings
38

Page 51
Activity 2.10 Pair work
Writing
words. Then write a sentence to in
Refer to a dictionary and write da
(1)
(2)
(3) (4)
(5)
distinctions
prepare
performance
significance
CuStOnS
Activity 2.11 Pair work
Writing
List the uses of the betel and the
Social and Religious in your writi
Social
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
39
 

wn the meanings of the follow zake the meaning clear.
banana under the categories ng book.
Religious
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
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Page 52
Activi†y 2.12 Group wo
Speaking / Writing
Write the names of 5 different type
Describe their colour-size-shape - p.
Activity 2.13 Group w
Speaking / Writing
a. Ask the members of your grou
complete the grid in your writin
(a) What is your favourite banana?
(b) Why do you like it?
Name Favourite
Find out the nutritional value oft
Then write a short paragraph wit
b. “The use of flowers in modern
* draft your notes on the above * prepare your oral presentatio
* present it to the class.
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)rk
s of bananas in your writing book.
rice in 3 or 4 sentences.
"ork
p the following guestions and
g book.
2 banana Reason
he banana.
h the information you have got.
society”
| topic.
1.
40

Page 53
Activity 2.14 Pair work
Reading / Writing
Today in the modern world cards
to say "Congratulations", "Sorry is the wedding invitation card. P occasions using invitation cara wedding card.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
(1) Mr. & Mrs. H
(2) request the pleasur (3)Mr./Mrs / Miss.......... (4) on the Occasion of the mai
Himali
fo
Chandrasi
(son of Mr. & Mrs . IN
of 28B, Muruthalawa R
(5) On Thursday the 17" of
(6) from 3.00 p . m ... ta
(7) at Queens Hotel
(8) (Poruwa Ceremony
(9) 35, Hewaheta Rd,
Kandy.
41

are very common. People use cards ”, “Thank you'. The most common eople invite others for different ls. Given below is a model of a
אל ריר "ר - רו
I .S Fernando
te of the company of
rriage of their daughter
P. G. de Silva
oad, Peradeniya)
September 2008
D 6.00 p.m.
, Kandy
at 3.18 p. m.)
(10)R. S. JY. P2
(Regrets only)
البر - - - - - - - -
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Page 54
All the essential parts of the invitat with the names of the parts given belov
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Occasion
Place of the Occasior
A reply is expected if
The name of the perso)
Day, date, month an
The names of the invit
The invitation
Time
Address of the host
Activity 2.15 Pair work
Writing
Write a very short letter inviting a like an alms giving or a house -
The letter should have
For free distribution
-
y
C

ion are numbered 1-10. Match them v. Write in your writing book.
you are not coming
ninviting
dyear of the occasion.
CCS .
friend or relative for a family event warning. Write in your writing book.
bur address, date
lutation
ute, time of event
vitation
ose with your signature

Page 55
Legends Reading
There are many legends connected with the betel leaf. There is a legend
which says that the betelleaf was brought from the land
of the nagas.
There is another
legend about a person who had to provid "seven chews' of betel for the king at diffe villager, and soon he came to be known by He had to trudge along distance ove that Bulatha's wife who brought his lunche of steps as it would make her journey easi laid them as steps. The hill with these mar hela. "Some say it was Bulatha who did
There is another legendabout them During his journey to the palace he is saidt the place where the Wewa is. He had succ creating a lake.
The story of this lake reached the kin work. He was praised by the king. Sorabol cal constructions in our country. It is in M.
seats of civilization in Sri Lanka.
There are many folk tales a
"Soraborawewa. The Stone sluice of Sor
neering skill, unsurpasssed.
43
 

e betel to the palace. He had to prepare
rent times of the day. He was an ordinary
the job he was given. “Bulatha'. Brahill to perform this duty. Legend says 'veryday thought of making a stoneflight er. Each day She Carried two Stones and 1 made steps is still known as "galpadi the steps. naking of the Sorabora wewaby Bulatha. O have brought loads of sand and rock to
ecded in making a dam across the river,
gtoo. The king decided to visit him at his a Wewa is one of the earliest hydrologi
ahiyanganaya which is one of the earliest
nd folk songs about the beauty of
aborawewa is considered a feat of engi
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Page 56
The people respected Bulathaan ordinary man easier. Now the villagers co
use the water of the lake for their agricult
At a time when we talk So much a
remember that there were people who
payment.
Activity 2.16
Speaking / Presentation
Discuss with your elders / teachel in your writing book. Present you
Activity 2.17 Pair work
Pre- reading
Find words from the text 'Oueen wery much the same as the followin in your writing book.
(i) showing quality that earns res.
(ii) happening too Soon
(iii) principles of good behaviour
(iv) group of countries or states un
(V) people under one's control
(vi) criticize
(vii) Successful
(viii) poet officially appointed to the
poems for State occasions.
For free distribution

d his wife for they had made the work of uld climb the hilleasily over the steps and
ture.
bout work and wages, it is important to D did good work and did not think of
is a similar story and Write it down Ir story to the class.
Victori( * 2. /8 Mv/lic/ (Ire Sippailar Or g words or phrases. Write the words
pect
der asingle ruler.
: Royal Household in Britain to write
44

Page 57
Activity 2.18
Reading
Queen
The British came to Sri Lanka during the reign of Queen Victoria. As a result our country is also influenced by Victorian values. During the Victorian period, which takes its name from Queen Victoria, fiction, poetry, drama, music and otherforms of Literature flourished in England. The influence of Victorian values was left in our country too.
Alexandra Victoria, born on
24th of May 1818 became the
Queen of England in 1832, and ruled the country till her death. She died on the 22nd of January 1909.
In 1840, she married her distant cousin Albert. He was a German prin Victoria's carefree outlook. As a result the morality.
Before she came to the throne, thi lost the respect of their subjects. Victoriah conduct was above reproach. She won bal Subjects.
During her reign from 1837-190 and prosperity. The British empire exten world were set by Greenwich Mean Time.
The Victorian period was the grea Dickens are two figures who tower overth who was made England's poet laureate in 1 England.
45

Victoria
ce. His ideas about queenly dignity changed Victorian periodisknown for Stern
e British rulers were not popular and had adastrong sense of duty and her personal ck the respect and devotion of her
)1 Britain reached the heights of its power ded around the globe. Clocks around the (GMT)
tage of the English novel. Thackeray and e Victoriannovel. Alfred Lord Tennyson 850, has been called the voice of Victorian
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Page 58
Activity 2.19 Pair work
Comprehension
A. When did Victoria become (
Who was her husband?
How old was she when she (
What nationality was her hus
Who are the novelists and p(
Find a sentence which expre:
Victorian period. 7. What did the people feel for
Queen Victoria?
8. How did she win the respect
B 9. What was the extent of the B
10. What did Prince Albert Wan
Activity 2.20 Group w
Speaking / Writing
King Parakramabahu VI who lived in ti
period is considered as the golden era in
heyday of 'Sandesa Poetry.
Speak to your elders / teachers and
King Parakramabahu VI.
ܦ ܗ .
:For free distribution

Rueen?
died ?
sband?
Dets who brought fame to thisperiod? SSes the significance of the
the British rulers before the time of
of her subjects?
ritish empire?
t Victoria to do 2
)rk
he Kotte Kingdom was a scholar. His
1 Sinhalese Literature. That was the
write an account of the times of
46

Page 59
Activity 2.21 Grammar
Writing
Complex
* A setence consisting ofal main cl
clauses is a complex sentence.
A subordinate clause can be join such as who, which, where, that
Find the main clause and the subo
sentences and write them in your
e.g. Thackeray and Dickens are two
Victorian novel.
Main clause
Thackeray and Dickens are two figures
1
. Nirmala is the girl who won the
2. Saman wore the shirt that he bou
3. This is the house which belongs to
4. I went to School while it was raini
5. This is the village where Thacker
47

Sentences
ause and One or more Subordinate
ed to the main clause with Words
when etc. *
rdinate clause of the following
Writing book.
ܓ figures who tower over the *ܓܬܐ -
SubOrdinate clau Se
who tower over the Victorian novel. r
کی۔
100m race.
ght at the fair.
) my uncle.
ng heavily. مه:
ay was born.
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Page 60
Activity 2.22 Pair worl
Writing
Join each of these pairs of sentenc Use the words in the brackets to jo. your writing book.
C.g.
In 1840 Queen Victoriam
He was a German prince.
In 1840 Queen Victoria married her di
prince.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
On Saturday morning Ge It lends books. (which)
It is refreshing to eat fruits They grow in the Village. (that)
Nimali studied very hardt
It was held last year. (which)
It started raining.
Sanath Jayasuriya was sc (when)
POr Tree distributiΟη

s to form a complex sentence. in the sentences and write then in
arried her distant cousin Albert. (who)
stant cousin Albert who was a German
2tha went to the library.
or the O/L examinations.
oring at a rate.
48

Page 61
Activity 2.23
Reading
The customs and traditions of a cult its people dress. What a person wears fo often governed by tradition. Many people traditional costumes, the Kandyan and
kameez, the Japanese kimono, to celebral
In Oriental and Islamic cult
that developed early il country were later estab followed. Respect for trad changes in styles of dres clothing in Africa, Polyr cultures of Latin America.
In the West the tradition
than keep it. There experimentation in clothin Thus there has been agrea
the history of Western dre
Since recent times, in S shalwarkameez, shirtanc
become popular among all
49
 

ure influence the way r certain occasions is
still wear national or
Indian Saree,shalwar
ea Special event.
ures, clothing traditions n the history of the
lished as rules, to be
ition thus discouraged S. The same is true of
lesia and the native
was to break it rather
fore changes and g came to be admired. t variety of changes in
SS.
Sri Lanka the saree .
trousers have
the communities.
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Page 62
Activity 2.24 Pair wor
Writing
Write sentences on your own, us
Activity 2.25 Pair wor
Speaking / Writing
There are certain important events whi
different cultures have to be worn.
(a) List the different situations a clothes are Worn and name th
(b) Write a description of a tradi
Write in your writing book.
eg - at a Wedding cerem
Describe the bride's / bride groo
North Indian, South Indian or V
* Writeusing the simple pres eg :- The Kandyan bride wears
Activity 2.26 Group w
Listening / Speaking
Clothing is one area where cultural
• List the different types of clo Match them as you think iss
and professions.
Report your findings to the c
For free distribution

k
ing the underlined words/phrases.
k
ere traditional clothes according to the
nd ceremonies where traditional he special clothing.
tional dress worn at a cultural function.
Ony
m’s clothing - Kandyan, low country, Western.
ent tense. Start this way: the traditional Kandyan Saree----------
ork
:hanges have played a major role.
thes worn now in our country.
uitable with the different age groups
lass.
50

Page 63
Activity 2.27 Pair wor
Speaking / Writing
the saree or the National costume is
hough different kinds of fashional
Prepare a short speech based on
When it is worn (considerb How it ranges from simple The countries where it is po How it gives us identity as
Activi†y 2.28 Group wo
Speaking
Have a class debate on the to
Should we wear tradional c
Should we wear modern
Activity 2.29 Pair work
Writing
Study the words given in box A a
A clothes Saree, long-sle skirt, sarong, t
B parts of the body legs, knees, ar arms, elbows,
Study the following sentences.
e.g. (1) The Saree covers the lowe (2) The long-sleeved shirt cov
Now write 5 similar sentences.
51

ble clothing is worn in Sri Lanka,
still considered a fashionable dress.
the following guidelines.
both formal and informal) to grand
opular Asians around the globe
)rk
bic
lothes?
clothes?
K
eved shirt, short-sleeved shirt, blouse, frock, etc.
kles, neck, head. Wrists, etc.
r part of the body upto the ankles. ers the arm upto the Wrist.
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Page 64
Activity 2.30 Pair worl
Speaking / Writing
Match the pictures with the descri writing book.
a) The huge figure of Zeus
the king of the gods stood in the Temple of Zeus at Olympia in Greece. The statue was 40 feet high and touched the lofty temple ceiling.
b) The Great wall of China
was built to protect China's Northern border in the 3rd century BC. Itco a network of walls and towers. It st
to about 2400 km.
c) The Big Benisatone end of the West Palace in London. It strikes the hou
distinctive tones.
Activity 2.31 Pair worl = Writing
Now write a few sentences about ea You may start this way.
e.g. A visitor to --------------- W
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ptions given below. Write in your
) (2)
sists of retches
minister
urin
ch picture. Write in your writing book.
vill visit----------------
52

Page 65
Activity 2.32 Pair worl
Reading
Cleo
William Shakespeare, categorized as comedies, tragedies an that has a happy ending and a tragedy Sometimes it is not easy to decide the like the plays Julius Caesar, Antony a
Cleopatra the empress of Egypt
is considered one of the most beautiful
women who ever lived. She was not only beautiful, she was intelligent too.The
former rulers of Rome. Caesar and
Mark Antony were in love with her.
The people in Rome were curious about Cleopatra. They wanted to know why their beloved rulers fell in
love with this foreign Woman.
Enorbabus, who had seen
Cleopatra sailing in her barge on the Nile
makes Cleopatra even more beautiful inth
53
 

patra
the playwright wrote 37 plays. They are d histories. A comedy is a play (story) is a play (story) that has a sad ending. category; some histories are tragedies nad Cleopatra.
ܕ ܕ ܘ ܐ
"ሓይድረስትዮ2 ... リ※
: described her. The poetry of Enorbabus
eminds of people.
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Page 66
Enrich ment
Read and enjoy this poem.
CLEOPATRA I
The barge she satin, like a burni Burn’d on the water, the poop w Purple the sails, and so perfumec The winds were love - Sick with Which to the tune of flutes kept The water which they beat to foll AS amorous of their Strokes. Foi It beggared all description, shed In her pavilion - cloth- of goldO'er picturing that Venus, where The fancy out Work nature, on e Stood pretty- dimpled boys, like With diverse-colourd fans, who To glow the delicate cheeks whi
And what they undid did.
(A
burnished - shiny, polished pOOp - raised deck at the amorous – showing/feelinga VenuIS - goddess of love dimpled - Small holloWinche pavilion - a temporary buildir
than useful.
diVerse - very different from glow - to produce a dull, s
For free distribution

N HERBARGE
shed throne.
as beaten gold l, that
them, the oars were silver, stroke, and made
low faster,
her own person,
idlie
of tissue
* We SCC
ach Side her
:Smiling cupids,
Se Wind did Seem
chthey did cool,
Antony and Cleopatra, Act 2- ii)
back end of a ship or boat Sense of love
ek Orchin ng that is meant to be more beautiful
each other and of various kinds.
teady light.
54

Page 67
Activity 2.33 Pair wor
Reading / Writing
(1) Read the first three lines and fill words. Write in your writing bo (Cleopatra, poop, sails, barge or b
(i) ---------------- Sat in the bar (ii ) The---------------- was like a (iii) The -------------- of the barg ( iv ) The --------------- of the barg
(2) Read lines 4,5,and 6 and underli indicated by the highlighted word (a) The winds were in love with th (b) Which to the tune of flutes ke (c) The Water which they beat to Read the same lines and fill in
(d) The oars were ------------- th The oars kept ------------- tO The oars made ------------ , O
(3) What word tells you that all descrip
Cleopatra was so very beautiful ?
(4) Where did Cleopatralie ?
(5) What did she wear?
(6) Who is a cupid"?
(7) Read the next few lines and givea (
either side of her.
(8) Whom were they fanning?
(9) Why did they fan her?
(10) What happened to Cleopatras che
55

in the blanks with the following ok.
poat)
9.C.
burnished throne. e was beaten gold. ge Were purple and perfumed.
ne the correct word which is .
nem (Sails.gold) pt stroke (oars, barge) follow faster. (wind, oars) the blanks.
Le Water.
the music of ------------------
in the water
ption was made poor because
description of the boys who are on
eks then 2
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Page 68
Activity 2.34 Pair worl
Writing
Now write a short description Activity 2.35 Group wi
Writing
Find out a poem which describ own literature and write thes
Activity 2.36
Reading
Jawaharlal Nehru is a name t World. He is remembered for his contribut Mahatma Gandhi, and Subash Chandra B understand his greatness more when wer Indira. Nehru's wife died very early of tube He makes a Very moving reference to his V now is a small casket which contains her as and mother to his daughter. Indira was only Even there, he did not neglect his daugl educate her and bring her up well. The life and conduct of Nehru shows ust Nation’ - if you neglect your own duties a
1. Why does the Writer say th
be forgotten?
2. What do you understandt
3. Learn the meanings of the
On each one.
4. Write a short accountabo

of Cleopatra.
)rk
pes a beautiful / good woman in your tory about her.
hat will never be forgotten by India or the ion to his motherland; he along with
ose led the fight for independence. We will emember that he mothered his daughter, rculosis, when Indira was still a small child. wife, about her death. - that all that remains shes. From then on. Nehru was both father a little girl when Nehru was put into prison. nter. He wrote Letters to a Daughter to
hat you cannot be a “Father of the Safather.
hat the name Jawaharlal Nehru will not
by the last paragraph? Explain.
underlined Words and Write a sentence
ut a great person that you like.
56

Page 69
Health ar.
Language Functions
i. Expressing surprise
eg. Hello Vajira whata
surprise ii. Thanking
eg. Thanks Subash. iii. Offering
eg. Would you have
something to drink?
iv. Refusing
eg. No, thanks. I’m not hung
v. Expressing feelings
eg. I'm not hungry.
vi. Suggestions
eg. Shall we get some
bottles of cordial? vii. Agreeing
eg. Fine. What else?
57
 

ld safety
e Focus
Grammar.
i. Use of modals
eg. Can I prepare you something to eat? Would you like a drink? ii. Modifiers
eg Spotless walls.
iii. Imperatives
eg. Cut, ne Ver Cut .............
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Page 70
Healthy
d. you know anything about the f
Meatpoultry, fish, dry fish, beans, eggs and nut group (2-3Servings)
Vegetable group (3-5servings)
Source : U.S Department of Agricult
Activity 3.1 Pair work
a) Study the food pyramid and find:
the food we should eat to get energy. the food that we should eat more to sta the food items in the pasta group. the main nutrient contained in the meat ... the food group that we should eat least
For free distribution
 
 
 

α Sαγα
Eating
pod pyramid? What does it show
Fats and Sweets (eat sparingly)
Milk, yoghurt and cheese
Fruit group (2-4 servings)
Bread cereal. rice and pasta
grOup (6-11 servings)
ure. Dietary Guidelines for Americans
y healthy.
grOup.
58

Page 71
Some ips fo
b) Read the information given be and specific in your writing bu
Cg.
1.
2.
General
5
Human beings require food to gro health.
Without food, our bodies could no
or maintain the heartbeat.
. Eat sensibly, our body needs a cer . Some high calorie foods are very
food. Common junk foods are cri
. Avoid eating foods that are high ir
and too much fat can also be harm
. A balanced diet provides us with
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, V
. Non essential nutrients are manu
need to be obtained from food. E. Substance presentin all animal cel
8. We need to take a meal that contai
fibre, complex carbohydrates, pri
body with “fuel.
. Complex carbohydrates are founc
from grains such as rice, bread a
10. Fibre is necessary and comes fr
11.
12.
digestion of food and can help Our body uses protein to build m in food and they are found in mi pulses. Use the food pyramid to decideh Read the labels on food products how nutritious the food is.
59
 

"low. Categorize them on general
Ok. Copy Only the number:
Specific
9
W, reproduce, and maintain good
it stay warm, build or repair tissues,
tain number of calories each day. bad. Those are known as "junk" Sps, fizzy drinks and Sweets.
simple carbohydrates like Sugars ful.
the main essential nutrients such as
itamins, minerals and water. factured in the body and they do not g Cholesterol, a fat like
ls.
ns a range of different foods with otein and fat because they provide the
i in fruit, vegetables and foods made nd pasta. om plant materials. It helps in the Drevent bowel diseases.
uscles and fatto absorb the vitamins lk, cheese, meat, fish, eggs and
how much to eat each type of food. Decause this information will tell you
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Page 72
Key words
Reproduce
Calories Carbohydrates Proteins
Fats
Minerals
Vitamins
Nutrients Fibre
Pulses Bowel diseases Digestion
Summary
produce (offsprii
a CaSU
SugarS a bodybu partofr found in keep yo foundin keep yol ingredie part off general a disord to break used by
It is important to eatabalanced diet,
Try to avoid excess fat, Sugar and Sa
Food has all the main nutrients Ourb
Carbohydrates and fats provide ener
Minerals and vitamins are needed in:
- Labelling gives almost all the inform
know.
For free distribution
 

children or the young of animals ng)
re of energy
ind starches
ilding materials meat and dairy products
vegetables and fruits.
u healthy
vegetables and fruits
uhealthy ints which are beneficial to life ruit, vegetables, pulses word for beans, peas and lentils er in function in intestines
down food into smaller units to be the body
lt.
Odies need.
gy.
Smallamounts.
nation that a customer needs to

Page 73
Activity 3.2
A. Read the following statements “True / or False’’ x . Write onl writing book.
1. You shouldn't eat items of food 2. Fruits and vegetables are goods 3. Reading labels is a useless thi 4. Proteins build muscles and ab 5. Cholesterol is an example for
B. Use a dictionary and find the v type in “Some tips for healthy eating”. D it in as given in the example.
Word
C. Read “Some tips for healthy eat words refer to. Copy the followi
and fill it in.
The word point
Those 4 they 7 a fat like substance 7
It 10 they 11
61

and say whether they are y the correct information in your
that are high in complex carbohydrates. ources of protein.
ng to do.
sorb the vitamins. non-essential nutrients.
word class of the words given in thick raw a grid in your Writing book and fill
Word Class eg. A verb ||
ing” and find what the following ng grid into your writing book
Refers to
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Page 74
D. Refer to a dictionary and find:
An adjective
A noun thatg
An adjective An adjective
An adjective
Now write the adjectives or nou type in your Writing book.
eg.
Adjective
Noul
healt
Select three nouns and related
sentences. Write them in your v
Activity 3.3
Pair work
Take only 10 minutes to discuss
present the gist to the class.
1. What do you eat on a typical day.
2. Can any one of you tell when eatin
performance? What really happened?
3. Write a balanced diet suitable to ch the food pyramid and the tips give
POTTree distributiΟη

related to health
Des With balanced
related to calorie
related to nutrients
related to diseases
Ins against the words in thick
h
adjectives and make meaningful
Writing book.
the following questions and
Is your diet balanced?
g (or non- eating) affected your
ildren of yourage with the help of nabove.
62

Page 75
  

Page 76
Now check whether you hav
points in your answers.
Labels will contain:
The name of the product.
List of ingredients: put order of wei
The informationis presentedinasta amounts of calories, Vitamins, prote
Name and address of the manufact
Where the product comes from.
The weight and Volume of the prod
The preparation/cooking instruction
How the product must be stored.es room temperature or in a cool dry
Sometimes producers make claim use of "genetically modified food',
Expiry date (best before date) oft
Activity 3.5
1. Write the above list again start
least important point.
2. Categorize them under differen
Content Preparation
For free distribution

included the following
ght from the heaviest to lowest.
ndardized format including the in, fat and fiber per Serving.
ITCՐ.
LCt.
S.
g. Fridge,
lace.
sabout their products-such as "healthy, "fat free,” “unsalted” etc.
he product.
ing from the most important to the
t aspects in the grid given below:
Advertising Warning
64

Page 77
Activity 3.6
o Collect three labels from fivef
chocolates, biscuits etc.
• Compare the differences in pri simple chart.
• Copy the information given in
Activity 3.7
Look at the pictures about safety the picture.
Safety in
Caption
1. Pull out all plugs
before you go to bed.
2. Don't handle a knife
towards your hands
3. Don't look for a gas leak
with a candle or lighted match.
4. Make Sure that Small children
cannot reach hotpans.
5. Don't pour water on burning fat or
oil.
65

Ood products, eg. milk, noodles
ces, ingredients, health claims etc. in a
the label to prove your point.
at home and match the caption with
the Home
Picture
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Page 78
Subash
Vajira
Subash
Vajira
Subash
Vajira
Subash
Vajira
Subash
Hello, Vajira. Whatas Thank you, Subash. Sit down. Would you
Sandwiches?
Er.no, thanks. I had r I'm not hungry. Then would you likes juice? A cup of tea? Yes, orange juice With thirsty. No wonder, it's a very Thanks. Subash, I can our sportsmeet. We art
aren't We?
Of course, the teacher
What shall we include
For free distribution
 

urprise! Comein.
like something to eat? Some
milk rice for breakfast.
omething to drink? Orange
some ice please. I'm quite
hot day. Here you are he to discuss something regarding
2 in charge of Snacks and drinks,
will ask for the list tomorrow.
in the food packets?
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Page 79
Vajira : She asked for both Sav
Subash : O.K. How about a piec Vajira : A Sandwich'? Subash : Fine, Whatelse ?
Vajira : Shall we have abun or
Subash : Let's include both.
Vajira : Then what about drinks Subash : Shall we get some bottle
Vajira : I don’t think the teacher
about the value of fresh
Subash : Then we will collect fre
Oranges and prepare a
Vajira : That's a good idea. It wi
a healthy drink too.
Activity 3.8 Group Wor
Writing
Plan a mid-day meal suitable for at
engaged in sports activities.
Food Item
Copy this onto your book and cor
67

Oury foods and Sweets.
>e of butter cake.
avadai"?
2S of cordial?
will like it. She always talks
fruits.
sh fruits like pineapples, limes and fruit drink.
Ilsave a lot of money and will be
k
eenager who is
Quantity
mplete it.
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Page 80
Activity 3.9
Speaking
Read the expressions give short conversations with th
• a sandwich / Helapa
Some Vadai/boondi
listento music
• read a magazine
Somethambili
a cup of tea
a cup of coffee
Would you like a drink
Yes, p. NC
What would you like?
N A glas Would you like to list to music?
I’d like ti
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below. Practise similar e following clues.
lease. ), thanks.
softhambili please.
ത
o/That's a good idea.
68

Page 81
Activity 3.10
Here are some useful practical tip; and endings have got mixed up. So Writing book.
1. If you have acutinyour hands
2. To avoid contamination
3. To kill germs in green leaves
4. It is best to keep the temperature
of the fridge
5. Low temperature
Activity 3.11
Writing Here are some pictures that show d Match pictures and captions given b
(a) (b) (c)
1. Every year children are seriously in
fireworks.
2. Be careful that a child does not Squa
and Windows.
3. This see-saw is dangerous and shot down too hard or squash the childr
4. Flames are attractive and unfortunate your child to be careful with fire and
5. Children love to explore their sur
chemicals.
69
 

for everyday life. The beginnings
rt them out and write them in your
a. Wash them with mild Salt Water b. wear gloves when handling utensils c slows the growth of bacteria. d. cooked food should be keptin
the fridge within two hours e. at 41°F (5° C) or less
langers in the world of children. elow. Write them in your writing book.
(d) (e)
ured by explosives. Be very careful with
sh his fingers while meddling with doors
ld be adjusted so that it does not come en's feet.
ly, many children get burnt by them. Teach keep matches out of reach.
roundings. Hide sharp tools and harmful
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Page 82
Reading
Discovery C
Joseph Lister
Joseph Lister was born in Uptol
educated at the universities of London a
surgeon in the Edinburgh Royal Infirm. surgeon of the Glasgow Royal Infirm reduce gangrene and other infections. go to hospitals for surgery. One famous go to hospitals for surgery than to be a died from infection. Despite his efforts clean, the mortality rate remained clos
In 1865 he came upon the germit Pasteur, whose experiments revealedt caused by micro organisms brought in infection to becaused by airborne dustpa acid, a strong disinfectant and a cher foul-smelling sewers. He also told hiss equipment before Surgery. Lister red percent by 1869. Lister wrote about h important medical journal. Many peo many years talking to people and writing
him.
For free distribution
 

f Antiseptics
Carbolic Steam Spray
n, Essex, in England in 1827. He was
nd Edinburgh. In 1856 he became a ary (hospital). In 1861 he was appointed lary in a new surgery unit designed to
At that time, it was very dangerous to doctor said that it was more dangerous to
Soldier in War. This was because many
to keep surgical instruments and rooms
e to 50 percent. heory of the Frenchbacteriologist Louis hat fermentation andputrefaction Were contact with organic material. Believing |rticles, Listersprayed the air with carbolic nical that was then being used to treat
urgeons to use it to wash their hands and lced surgical mortality to nearly 12 is methods of using disinfectants in an
ble didn’t believe him. He had to spend about his ideas. At last they agreed with
70

Page 83
In 1877, he became a professor of st In 1897 Queen Victoria, who had been one Edward VII, the king of England gave him an:
all over the world were using his methodst
Activity 3.12 Comprehen
Reading/ Writing
a. 1. When and where was Joseph
2. Whatuniversities did Joseph I
3. Where did he get his first appo
4. What was the task given to hin
5. Why did people considergoin.
dangerous than to be a soldie
6. What was the death rate at tha
7. What is the theory put forward
8. What could be the cause for in
9. What was the easy solution he
surgery 2
b. 1. Write 3 rules you would write
2. Write three native antiseptics,
71

urgery at King's College Hospitalin London. , of his patients, made him Baron. In 1902 award. By the time Lister died, in 1912, doctors
o prevent infections.
sion
Lister born ?
Lister attend ?
intiment ?
hat Glasgow Royal Infirmary ?
g to hospitals for surgery more
r at War ?
it time 2
by Louis Pasteur?
fection according to doctor Lister?
found to overcome infection at
for the sick room in your school.
which are used by Sri Lankans.
For free distribution

Page 84
Activity 3.13
Writing
Match the words in A with their nea book.
A
Surgeon A member of the lov infirmary A chemical liquidth gangrene Decay or rotand pri infections The chemical breal despite Make known mortality rate A person Who studi bacteriologist The number of deat revealed In spite of fermentation The state of being in putrefaction Death ofbodytissu disinfectant A hospital baron A medical practitio
Reading/ Writing
Refer to a dictionary and write the Copy the grid into your writing ba
Words
despite
bacteriologist
revealed
putrefaction
baron
disinfectant
For free distribution

nings in B and write in your writing
B
west order of the British nobility at destroys bacteria oduce afoul Smell kdown of a substance by bacteria
es about bacteria hsin a given year or period
fected.
e due tobacterial infection
ner qualified to do Surgery
2 meanings of the following words.
Ok.
Meanings
72

Page 85
Activity 3.15
Reading/ Writing Read “Discovery of Antiseptics.” F. in bold type refer to. Copy the grid
The Word/s lin
At that time, 5
This 8
it 15
He 15
Activity 3.16
Writing
Look in the text for informatio Copy the grid onto your book a
Surgeon's name The year of birth His birthplace The problem
The experiment His most important discovery The year of his death
73

ind what the words and phrases onto your book and fill it in.
e Refer/s to
1 to complete the following nad fill it in.
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Page 86
Activi†y 3.17 Group Wo
Writing
Find similar information about a Sri Lanka and write his biograph
agazine.
-
Gran
Activity 3.18
Do this activity to revise your kno
verbs.
Look at the list of phrases below.
proper column in your writing bo
A balanced diet / a high-calorie fo
many nutrients/surgical equipmen
he discovered germs/a wound/ Its
wounded man/ bad hygiene/astro.
Adjectives Noun
For free distribution
 

)rk
nother famous person in
y taking the text as a model.
12
wledge on nouns, adjectives and
Then write the word/s in bold in the
ok.
Od/ Some calories / He invented it. /
t/ abad infection / an injured Soldier/
tores energy/a good surgeon/the
ng disinfectant
Verbs
74

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Page 88
Reading
The new diseases, as Well as chang to new dangers. Urban life has also incre
Sri Lanka has a rich variety of vege our country. Howeveritis not easy to mak their value, as a food is lost. Therefor to make them clean. It is necessary to always be washed with plenty of Watei stem of a leaf and the trunk can trap thei
Some germs have a lot of resistanc have to be careful with the knives and the chicken. Washing the knife and board all keep the knife and board used for mea should not be used for preparing Salads. may enter the Salad. This practice is ver Such as the bird flu.
The refrigeratoris the most commo homes. However not all households foll for health to eat heated frozen food. W required for the meal, allow it to thaw at if necessary.
Activity 3.20
Writing List out the safety precautions that
vegetables and meat. Write in your
Vegetables
Activity 3.21
Speaking / Writing.
“The heart of a country's economy is in
a. Do you agree to the above staten agree/disagree. List the ways and 1
– bulk buying - cooking the exact amou -saving a fistful of rice forf
For free distribution

e in our style of living have exposed us :ased our exposure to illness. stables and fruits. Greens area plenty in (egreens Safe for eating. If overcooked, e, they have to be washed thoroughly learn how to wash greens. Greens must "... Water that gets clogged between the mpurities. e. Meat has to be cooked very well. We boards used for cutting meat, especially One does not help. Therefore it is best to it separate. The same board and knife Any germ left over on the board or knife y important when there is an epidemic
Dnway of saving left-over food in urban ow the Safety precautions. It is not good hat must be done is to take out what is room temperature, and then only heat it
you should follow in preparing Writing book.
Meat
In the kitchen.”
ment Give reasons to say why you means of economizing in the kitchen.
nt uture use
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Page 89
b. With the information from the li "ways and means of economizi use the following to present you
As I sees in my opinions without any q information/no help at all, howevers to with / taking the second point into cons
Activi†y 3.22 Group wo
Speaking/ Writing
A kitchen Will vary in size according cater, and also in the kind of utensil
Put the following into five categorie make-shift, and against each categ are required.
(Copy the grid onto your Writing b
Aschool hostel, a big hotel, away -sid sity, College of Education, Teacher's C city, a village temple, acadets camp, a
big medium small enormou
77

t, pereparea presentation on g in the kitchen.' You may
ideas to the class.
estion/according to the given cut shorts to sum up/ finally/to start
ideration
rk
to the number of people it has to
it has to use.
esas big, medium, Small, enormous, ory write the kind of utensils that
Ook)
e eating place, a house, a flat, a univerCollegeparesthouse in a sub-urban chenacultivation site, a pilgrims Rest
S make-shift
kind of utensils
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Page 90
Activity 3.23 Group w
Writing
Write a paragraph describing the preparation of the following food salad, meat or fish curry.
cՔ: Rice
Measure the required qua Wash and put into a pot Let the rice get cooked
Activi†y 3.24Group wo
Speaking
Prepare your notes on the follo presentation. Make a presentation on - Five stages in the process of pre
should be clean. - How being organised will helpa Use the following Words in giving
You may begin :
It is extremely necessary to keep the
Activity 3.25
Vocabulary
a. Find the dictionary meanings of
chef, culinary art, pantry, chopper
b. In groups, attempt making as m:
Example
Pantry = Pan/try/ant/pay/tan/r:
For free distribution

"ork
activities connected with the
rice, coconut Sambol, vegetable
ntity.
and add the correct amount of Water
rk
wing and select the group leader. Do the
paring food and reasons why the kitchen
tthose five stages?
reasOnS: because, aS, therefore, etc.
citchen clean and Well organised.
the following words.
'. Oven, buffet, barbecue, gourmet, flavour
any words as possible out of the above words.
In/ any
78

Page 91
Food
Reading Some common methods used to countries
Food preservation is the process of tr Stop spoilage, to prevent foodborneillnesses texture and flavour. Preservation usually in fungi, and other micro Organisms.
Common methods applied to presert canning, preserving in syrup, Sugar c preservatives Orinserting gases.
Certain methods of preserving foc add flavour. They are pickling, salting smo
crystalization and curing.
Activity 3.26
Writing
1. Supply suitable sub-headings to 2. Write one example each for the 3. Find the meanings of the underli
them in your writing book.
Activi†y 3.27 Group wo
During the New Year Season there a and yams.
1. Write the ways used in your area e.g. fish, lime,ginger, certain veget Activity 3.28
Writing 1.Write a short description onhow dif in ancient times vegetables like, br as meat and fish. 2. What are the food items preserved
and the food items preserved fore 3. Design a label for a home made bo 4.Write the recipe of a traditional pi
79

preservation
preserve food in various
eatingandhandling food in Sucha Wayasto while maintaining nutritional value, density, Volves preventing the growth of bacteria,
refood are drying, spray drying, freezing, rystalization, food irradiation, adding
d not only help to preserve food but also King, preserving in Syrup or alcohol/Sugar
the three paragraphs given above. methods given in bold type. ned words from a dictionary and write
rik
replenty of fruits, vegetables
to preserve the following food. ables.
ferent types of food were preserved eadfruit, jak, yams etc. as well
for domestic use on small scale, Kport on a large scale? title of jam.
ckle.
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Page 92
Reading
The Can
There are several stages in the c. prepared by cutting Out Spoilt and all parts remaining are washed and cut into into cans that be sealed with lids.
These cans must be cleaned and with the liquid in which the food will be pr still boiling in order to drive out the air i air is steamed out and the lids of the cans Then depending on the type of food being by Steam, to ensure Safe canning. After immediately in cold, clean. Water to take av Of cooling the cans, the canning process c
Activity3.29
Writing
Read the statements given below according to the passage. Draw books and put then in the correc. statement in the appropriate box.
a. Stages:
1. Cans are filled with liquid while it 2. Cans should be cooled immediat 3. Cut OutSpoilt and unwanted part 4. Remaining air removed and cans 5. Remaining parts of food Washed 6. The food packed in cans and se. 7. Sealed cans are sterilized.
4.
|-
For free distribution

ning process
inning process. First the fresh food is unwanted parts. At the Second stage the pieces as required. Then food is packed
resistant to heat. Next the cans are filled eserved. This liquid is poured in while it is in the food. At the fifth stage any remaining are fitted tightly making the cans air tight. anned: the tightly sealed cans are sterilized, being steamed the cans should be cooled Way any remaining bacteria. With this stage omes to an end.
They are not in the correct order he boxes as shown, in your writing order by writing the number of the The first one has been done for you.
is still boiling. ely in cool clean Water. s of food. ightly Sealed.
and cut.
alled.
(5
' ' ' )
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Page 93
b. Fill in the blanks with the correct foll
The Stages of
1. The green leaves ---------- (spread
2. They ---------- (roll) by a special r
3. They ---------- (leave) in a room to
gives a flavour.
4. Leaves ---------- (pass) through hot
moisture.
5. They ---------- (shift) into different
6. The finished tea--- finally- (p
7. They ----------- (export) to other c.
Now Write a paragraph using the all You may begin
Let's see how tea is made in Sri Lan tender tealeavesare plucked by hand. T The green leaves are first spread........
Activity 3.30
Writing
Copythe following passage onto you with some of these words that are rela any word or phrase more than once. your teacher to find the meanings of
(vegetarian/ eat out/cook/vegan / reci cookery books/fast food/ ingredients/ If you’re a 1) ------------ , you avoid eatin you are a 3).------------ you do not eat any 4) ----------- now offer vegetarian menus, c of eating what you like. A three-course me 5)----------- and finally the 6)----------- . interesting dish. Most 7) ----------- in 8) -- you have all the right 9).---------- ... When it you are tired or too busy to 10) ----- you I get a 12) ----------- to eat at home.
81

m of the verb given within brackets.
Tea Making
) evenly on long racks and left to dry. lachine. erment which changes the colour and
air machines which take away all their
grades according to the size of the leaf
ack) in chests and sent to Colombo. Ountries.
pove sentences in yourown words.
ka. Tea is grown in the hill country. The these leaves are taken to the tea factory.
r book and complete the blanks rted to food and drinks. Do not use You can refer to a dictionary or ask
difficult terms.
pes/main courses "estaurants/dessert/meat) g2) ------------- and sometimes fish. If animal product at all. Although many 'ooking your own food is the easiest Way albegins with the starter followed by the You may decide to serve just one really - - - - - - - - are not difficult if you make sure s ready, you can serve the friends. But if may decide you'd rather 11) ---------- ΟΥ
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Page 94
Supplying Refreshments for Educa
Circular 2007/01
TO:
Additional Secretaries - Ministry of E. Directors - Ministry of Education, Commissioner General of Educational
Commissioner General of Examination
Director General-National Institute of
Provincial Education Directors,
Zonal Education Directors,
In addition to the circular number 200
issued on 2007.01.10, necessary StepSS
It is necessary to stop selling the foo
suitable for School canteens. Theses
institutions either.
Fizzy drinks, instant food with high
toffees were mentioned in the previous
Please take necessary steps not to Sup in-Service Sessions, awareness progra
by all the educational institutions.
Ministry of I
For free distribution

ional Programmes
lucation,
Publications
ܗܘ
S
Education,
7/02 about maintaining school canteens should be taken to include the following.
d items, that have been advised as not
hould not be sold in other educational
content of oil/sugar/Salt and adhesive
s circular.
ply the above mentioned food items at
mmes and other programmes organised
ducation
82

Page 95
Activity 3.31
Reading / Writing
ead the circular given and
questions in your book. A
1. Who has issued the circular?
2. According to the circular to whom 3. What food items are specified not
educational institutions?
4.What are the occasions that these
food?
5. Why do youthink the Ministry of
food?
B
1. Suggest some food items that coul
violating the circular. 2. Give reasons why you;
a) should not use th
b) should use the foi
83
 
 

he answers to the following
is it issued ?
to be sold or used in all the
:ducational institutions need to serve
Education has issued a circular on
ld be used on such occasions without
eabove mentioned food items.
poditems suggested.
For free distribution

Page 96
Enric]
Read and enjoy this poem
Verbal and Ph.
Once there was a hottemperdla Whose words were wickod, abus Sometimeshe turn’d violentandb
Dad then gave some nails with a \
"Drive a nail when you are in an
Onto this pad, using this hammer
Thirty-something he drove on thi Only two and twenty on the follo He found it easier to keep anger a
Thankeep on drivin' nails day aft
One fine day no nails were drive
Boy was then summond byhis se
Look, my boy, at the pockmark The surface will never be smoot
A verbal wound will never be he Even if one offers apology after The scar will remain for ever
Like pockmarks on the pad.”
For free distribution

hment
ysical Wounds
d
lve and bad
became mad
wooden pad
ger
༡
e first day wing day Itbay, er day
an on the pad,
:nsible dad
dpad h, as it had
alled
apology
S.G. Ratnayake.
Poetry corner, Daily News - Friday 16th July 2004
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Page 97
Activity 3.32 Group
Reading / Writing
1. Write the meaning of the following lines.
"He found it easier to keep anger a Thankeep on drivin' nails day afte
2. What is the message that the poet has tri
3. Write the story of the poem in your own
85

work
tbay, r day”
2d to convey from this poem?
Words.
For free distribution

Page 98
Language functions
i. Giving information eg. I heard that the
competitions would start at eleven ii. Expressing delight
eg. Ah, it looks nice How nice! Hurrah! iii. Expressing wonder
eg. At 11 o'clock
Really. Spell checker! What's that? iv. Changing topic
eg. By the way, are you
taking part? v. Agreeing to a response
eg. Yes, they’re still Setting the mike. That's true. It's the same with m Sure, if you do well.
For free distribution
 

සීඝ්‍රල් ඕමාන්‍යෝගී
ge Focus
Grammar
86
Adjectives
eg. Circular...
Silver.... Spherical
Infinitive “to” eg.- Data keys are used
to enter. -Control keys
help to solve. -Function keys are
used to issue common commands.

Page 99
// e CAlain
Activity 4.1
Role play
A discussion in a school hall, at a Prov,
Abdull & Sandra :
Upul& Uma
Abdul
Sandra
Abdul
Upul
Uma
Good Morning, in
: Good Morning, in
: I heard that the co
: At 11 o'clock Re
: Yes, they’re stillse
always the case.
: Till then, Uma ca
(Gives a typed co
: Alright, let me che
87
 

ging World Z
incial Level English Day competition.
ice to see you this year too.
ice to see you too.
mpetitions Would start at eleven.
ally. That's too late, isn't it?
atting the mike...em...that's
in youplease listen to my poem? ppy of the poem)
eck, ah! itlooks nice.
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Page 100
Upul
Uma
Upul
Uma
Abdul
Uma
Abdul
Abdul
Upul
Sandra
Upul
Sandra
Upul
Sandra
Upul
For free distribution
: I typed this poem
: Let me see it...i
: Thanks. (Laughi
my computer. (A
: Spell checker! W
: A device that col
by itself.
: How nicel
: By the way, arey
competition with
: Yes. I’ve been
: All the best M
computer.
: That's true. It's
becoming horri
: So you aren't in
year!
: No. unfortunate
: I'm not sorry to
(Teasingly) Hur
: Sure, if you do v
: Thanks, wishyo
: Thank goodness

nin our School computer lab.
it's very neat, no spelling mistakes.
ng) I must thank the spell checkerin [ll Laugh)
What's that?
rrects spelling mistakes. It does it
Tou taking partin the spelling
me?
working on it ever since I was chosen.
y spelling's awful after I bought a
the same with me...My handwriting's ble now.
the copywriting competition this
ly I wasn't chosen by my teacher.
hear that. Tah! I can be the first this year.
Vell. Best of luck!
uthe same.
s. I have only to recite, not to write.
88

Page 101
Uma & Sandra : Hahaha... well, r
next year too.
體
Good Morning eve
Uma : Upul, please runt
All wish each other and go in search competitions.
Write in your writing book what t after the competitions. Then role play.
Activity 4.2 Comprehen
Writing
Answer the following questions o in complete sentences in your wri
Where did the children meet
Who informed Sandra about
What was the cause of the de
What is the question tag used
What is a spell checker'?
Have the children met earlier“
What has Uma been revising
b 8. Why do youthinkUpulsaid
9. Upul was not chosen for copy
10. Why did Uma and Sandra la
89
 
 

lice meeting you, hope to meet you
hrough your poem.
of the rooms for their respective
tey would have said to each other
sion
rally, and then write your answers ting book.
the delay?
lay?
here?
It's the same With me'?
writing. Why?
Ighat the end?
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Page 102
Activity 4.3 Pair work
Writing / Opposites
Give the opposites/antonyms for the with your partner and then write th
Opposites
good
TOW
best C
late ULI
Activity 44 Pair work
Writing / Language functions
Provide examples from the conversa
Study the example. C은
Greeting:
Goodmorning
expressing
For free distribution
 

following words. First discuss em down in your Muriting book.
Opposites
tion for the following.
expressing surprise
good luck
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Page 103
Activity 4.5 Pair work
Reading / Writing
March. A with B. Construct sentene
A.
a.automatic
b. practising
c. participate
d. revise
Activity 4.6 Group work
Listening / Speaking
a Practise this dialogue several times.
Didyou takepartii competitions/thi
41 Yes, I did/N
What is the COI Sorry, hope jjvou will ta
I took partin this /la.
Speaking / Writing
b. 1. Copy the grid in your writingbo
2. Complete 'A' by reading the role
3. Under 'B' Write the names offiv
4. Now ask questions as in the exa
91
 
 
 
 
 
 

es with the Vords ina A
B
run through your poem
taking partin
it does by itself
I've been Working on
many English Day s/last year?
), I didn't
mpetition? ke part next time
Copywriting Styear
ok.
2 play again.
e of your friends.
mple and complete 'C'
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Page 104
“A Name Competition Fri Uma
Upul
Sandra
Abdul
Activity 4.7 Group worl
Reading / Writing A.Complete the blanks with reference
Names
Lal
Lalani
Ramya
Sumil
The followingarethe competitions til English Day Competition. Laltook partir Lalani took partin recitation. .................. chosen for .............................. . Since. good vocabulary he was selected for the
B. Read the following information and
Students can select one or two items competitions are in Reading. Spelling. Cr The competitions are held at several levels
No. Of items Comp
For free distribution

B C end's name Competition
to the information given in the chart.
Competitions
Spelling
Recitation
Handwriting
Creative writing
nat my friends took part at this/last year's the spelling competition while his friend - - - - - - - - - - - - who has good hand Writing was
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S has creative ideas and
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S competition.
put it in a grid in your writing book. from the English Day Competitions. The eative Writing. Handwriting and Oratory. :School. Zonal, provincial and national.
etitions Levels
92

Page 105
Activity 4.8
Reading
The Cor
Uma was interested in learning abou she heard about it from Upul. So she World'. This is the first chapter of th
A computer ha
machine with
central proces:
what is referre
The monitor
displays all vis Unit (VDU).
The keyt typewriter w
is the maind
enters the d
It has four main types of keys: data ke
punctuation marks, shiftkeys to produ
move the cursor (pointer on the cor
Function keys are used to issue comm
The mouse got its name when its long connected to the CPU. It does the Serv
called the 'cursor. The mouse is divided
segments: the left and the right.
93
 
 

mputers
the spell checker from the moment ead a book entitled 'The Changing at book. Let's see what she read.
is several essential components. It is a a monitor,akeyboard, amouseanda
sing unit (CPU) or systems unit. This is
'd to as a computer.
is like the screen on television which uals. It is also called the Visual Display
board is quite similar to an electronic ith additional keys for new functions. It levice through whichthe operator
ata.
yS used to enter letters, numbers and ce capital letters, control keys to help mputer Screen).
in commands. tail-like cord was
ices of a pointer
into two
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Page 107
Activity 4.9 Compreher
Writing / Reading
Complete the following sentence Write the sentences in your writi
1.
The Computer is a machi
a monitor and a keyboard b. mouse and a central pro
c. both 'a' and b.
S S SSSSS S SSSS SSSSS is the action ol
a. Squeak
b. click
c. Screech
In the early days people w called computers.
a. counting b. dancing
c. cooking
Computers follow humani
a. man dependent. b. mouse dependent.
c. monitor dependent.
Which statementis wrong?
a. The computeris a syster b. Computer technology is
c. The computer can Work
95

lsion
selecting the righ тg book.
he that has a ...............
cessing unit.
Sound made by the computer mouse
ho Were good in....................... VCTC
instructions. Therefore they are:
1.
continual.
Without humans.
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Page 108
Activity 4.10 Paragraph Listening / Speaking / Writing
Discuss in groups and then write as on one of the following topics. Ea. topic.
The four components of a compl
The computer is a system
The service of computer mouse
You may include the following
amonitor alone cannot make a comp
/ Saves time / the keyboard is userf
parts are inter-connected / gives V
accurates has two parts/speed/ha.
a media for indoor games.........
For free distribution
 

Writing - Group work
hort paragraph in about fifty words Bh group should select at least one
uter and their functions
points.
uter / other parts should be connected
iendly / we do not tend to think / all
ast knowledge / click on the data /
salong cord /afriend when lonely /
96

Page 109
Activity 4.11 Vocabul.
Reading / Writing
Fill in the blanks in the passage
mouse, operation, monitor, cursor,
television, keyboard, click, mouse
The -is like the screen
visuals. It is also called the V
is something like the
keys for new functions. The
the — of the
instructions fed by the operator and st
got its name when it
the CPU. It does the services ofa poi
divided into two segments: the left an
*on any of its segmen
serious command depending on the
mouse rests ona -'. Th
therefore it is called a computer syster
97
 

ry - Pair work
with the given words
Central Processing pad, heart.
on — which displays all
isual Display Unit (VDU). The
: one Qn the typewriter with additional
— (CPU)or the Systems Unit is
2 computer. It does major part of the
Ores them for future references. The
Slongtail-like cord was connected to
inter called the –7. It is
i the right. A mere press called the
ts would mean a simple message ora
type of —”. Often the
ese four partisare interdependentand
1.
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Page 110
Activity 4.12 A Projec Reading / Writing / Speaking
Technology
Umas fathernoticed hercuriosity Therefore, he presented her a book on D. Technology is anything that impro of science, especially in industry and comm of early periods were all forms of technol
ability to do more, in less time, giving us in
Here are some discoveries an
helped in shaping today's technology. and complete the chart in your writing
Α B
Year Inventor of
invention
1. Frederick
Hopkins 1930 pride 2. John Logie treat t(
Baird 1926 aurals 3. Alexander 1928 eradic
Fleming 4. Orville &
Wilber Wright 1903 travel 5. Marie & Pierre 1898 help c
Curie 6. Wilhelm von tO See
Rontgen 1895 the bO 7. Thomas
Edison 1879 OC 8. Alexander longd
Graham Bell OOIYIIY
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of the past
in learning about the novelty in technology. scoveries and Inventions. ves or makes life easier. It is the application erce. Swords, shields, castles and mansions ogy. Machines and tools have given us the
nore comfort.
di inventions in the early periods that Discuss with your teachers and elders, gbook.
Any other Clue Invention information
you know
of today
visual &
CSC
ate diseases
not by land
LC CaICC
the inside of dy
rein the dark
istance Voice unication
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Activity 4.13 Pair work
Speaking / Writing
Copy column "D" in your writing bo Discuss in groups and fill in the colu
in column ‘C’.
In groups write a short account of
Include the following:
inventor /discoverer
year
invention
purpose
A. Example: Alexander Graham Bel It helped people to speak
Pair work (A guessingga
Speaking / Writing
Think of an inventor / discoverer who i. 4.12. Write the inventor's / discoverer's clue in 'C', invention in “D’.
A-Inventor B-Year of invention
1.
2
3.
Your partner can ask 10 questions and you In the end your partnershould be able to fin
99

bok.
mns with the help of the clue given
at least three persons.
linvented the telephone in 1876. to others at long distances easily.
me)
s not mentioned in the grid in activity | name in column 'A', Year in 'B',
C-Clue D. Invention
should give leading answers. dout the invention.
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Page 112
Activi†y 4.14 Group wo Listening / Speaking / Writing (i) Choose any one of the situations
using the words/phrases on the
Situation
Imagine that you could only use ONE of the following: a computer. a telephone, ora television.
Which one would you use and why?
What do youthink has been the most important discovery/invention ofall times? Why do youthink 'Sword is apart of ancient technology?
Which discoveries/inventions have
had the most dramatic effection your lives? Choose two and give your
CaSOS.
Arethere any inventions / discoveries that never should
have been discovered / invented? What are they and why?
(ii) Write a short account in fifty wo
A group must choose at least one ta
For free distribution

Irk
t
given in the grid below. Discuss it opposite column.
Example
I would like to use the.....because
it helps us to ...It is easy to...... would prefer to have...instead of a
- - - - - - because the first One
is..... than the other.
The most important discovery/
invention of all times is the
because....... the Sword is a
part of ancient technology
because.....
I think the discovery Of the ...has had the most dramatic effect on my life, because it has helped me in
many ways. Firstly, it helps me to...
We feel that the ...... should have
never been discovered/invented
because ....it destroys peace in society. People are always trying to compete and outdo one another because of the bad......
rds based on the situation you chose.
pic. Read it to the class in the end.
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Activity 4.15 Pair work
Here is a paragraph about a person most of the developments in inform
Charles E
Read this paragraph with your partn
and answers in your writing book.
Fill in the blanks in the passage using
mathematical, professor, automatic, Can
Charles Babbage can be regarded
S S S S S S S S SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS in Mathematics. He reali
needed to make ----------------- 2 tables
wanted to make a ----------------- to ma
automatically.
In 1812, a series of very interesting de
in -----------------', England, by him.
mechanical calculating machine. Thatwa
calculations.
101
 

who has been instrumental for ration technology.
Babbage
er first. Later write only the numbers
g the words given below.
bridge, machine
as the father of computer. He was a
ized that many long calculations that
were series of repeated actions. He
ke calculations easily and
'Velopments in computers was started
He began to design an -------------- 5
is of great help to make long
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Page 114
Activity 4.16 Telephon
Reading
Upul was very happy with the spent most of his free time browsing th telephone museum, the website on te
Many of the early inventions wer main frame was the size of a standar Let's read an autobiography of a tele
í Autobiog
Above are some photographs from my early period perhaps from 1876-1915 large and expensive but We helped pe neither bemoved easily nor bestolen. W us was a symbol of prestige. Massive la underground cables. The first picture was called the Liquid Transmitter. Yo growth. Later, many of us had numbel and the call was made by dialing. We enough for our purpose. We commun have a good memory to store and ider conversation due to absence in recor
service during our time.
The school bell rang. Upul ran to 1
For free distribution
 

eS
new computer laboratory in school. He brough the internet. Let's visit the Cyber lephones.
e huge. The early computer, called the "d room. So were the early telephones. phone:
raphy of a telephone
family album. These belong to the very ... We are called the telephones. We were bple in voice communication. We could estayed in mansions and castles. Owning bour was involved to connect us through from the album is one of such phones. It u can have a look at it to see most of our
rs, these were arranged in a circular disk : just had one ringing tone and that was licated only voice messages. We did not ntify callers. We failed to record caller's ding facility. We feel we did a splendid
the class.
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Activity 4.17 Comprehe
Reading / Writing
Work with a partner and find short Write the ansvers in complete sente
8.
10.
How did Upulspend his freet Give the line that shows that O What involved massive labou How was a call made? How were the numerals arran
311 SWCT. How many ringing tones didt
Why was owning a phone, as Why couldn't early phones b The autobiography says thatt Why? Was a good memory available Why do you think so?
Have you ever used the tray from
telephone. This is the diagram. First
friend. Then describe what you did in
103
 

nsion - Pair work
2S2S. races in your writing book.
ime in School? neringtone was sufficient. ?م
ged? Write the line that shows the
he early telephones have?
ymbol of prestige?
e Stolen? hey did not record conversations.
2 in the early telephones?
the match box and constructed a
I practise sending messages with a
your writing book.
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Activity 4.18 Vocabula
Writing
The word “Cyber' is a household association with computer tech generated' or 'virtual.'
Discuss with your friend and match meanings. (a to f)
Write the correct answers in your
Use a dictionary for this purpose.
1. Cyber café /Cybernet 2. Cyber security 3. Cybermuseum
a. Depicting features of past glories
b. Place for Surfing internet and com
c. Protection from the Vast internet (
d. Study without Visiting a place of p
e. Talk to friends far away browsing
f Virtual places where online degre
Find three more words that are simil Check the dictionary to verify the me
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ry - Pair work
word today. It is very often used in |nology. Cyber means "computer
the following words 1 to 6 with their
Writing book.
First one is done for you.
4. Cyber courses 5. Cyber universities 6. Cyber chat
browsing through the internet (Cyber courses)
puter related activities (-----------)
-----------)
hysical existence (----------- )
through the internet (-----------)
es are awarded (-)
ar and ask your friend for the meaning. aning.
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Activity 4.19 Group wo
Reading / Writing
Look at the extract from the cyl left to right, it is placed according to th
Left side
Arrange the telephones according to
1914 Magnavox Anti-N 1892 Western Electric F. . 1885 WOOd Cradle Des 1902 Stromberg Carlso 1876 Liquid Transmitter 1900 Stromberg Carlso 1880 Gower Bell Telep 1910 S.H. Couch & Co
Activi†y 4.20 Group wo - Listening / Speaking / Writing
Now describe the above telephonesi description to the class. Choose at least three telephones. Here are some words to help you: First row. Second column, in front of bi
105
 

rk
ber telephone museum. Starting from e chronological year it was made.
Right side
In bet Ween
ROW
the year of manufacture.
oise Desk Set olding Cabinet Desk Set kTelephone in Common Battery Wall Set
nTapered Shaft Desk Set
ՈՕՈe I. Inter-Phone
rk
in about 20/25 words and read your
elow, above, last in the picture.
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You may begin like this: The first telephone in the first row is ca in 1876. It looks like a hat. The phon the ......... It looks like a........... made in........ and it is called the....
Activity 4, 21
Reading
Biography of Upul posted a copy of his find
Consequently, she posted a note Ol “Discoveries and Inventions’ Let's loo
Uma S n Ote
This is a mobilephone, foi receives signals through co Although it is expensive, entrepreneurs. It is move: mobile phone
Its functions are varied. It no
sends and receives text mes:
ItalSO hasa feature Calledt that helpsidentify the caller and recor event of a call being unattended, call
voice message.
In addition, some mobil ability to take still photo d different tones for frequ al internet from an in built r 7 ܬܹܐ. internet) all with a digita is essential to serve alth depending on the type of
Upul took down some notes, and went
For free distribution
 

alled the LiquidTransmitter. It was made e next to it was made in..... It is called The phone below is the ..... It was
mobile phones
ling on telephones to his friend. Uma. n mobile phones from her book on
kat it now.
1
indly called the mobile. It transmits and immunication Satellites from towers. it serves the majority, especially the able, and that is why it is called a
pt only helps voice communication but also sages called SMS (Short Message Service). he CLI meaning Caller Line Identification "d the call with the time and the date. In the rcan leavea recorded message calledthe
2 phones have the following facilities: the graphs, video coverage for a short time. ent callers, access to radio, television and modem (a device that helps connect to the Inumerical pad. Above all, a good memory Ose features. These features are available
phones.
to class to discuss with his friends.
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Activity 4.22 Compreh
Reading / Writing
Read the following statements and according to the text.
Find the answers with your partner: your writing book.
1.
Upul received the information on m
Land phone is another name for mc
Underground cables help to transm
The majority of the mobile phone
CLI means Caller Line Important.
A caller can leave a Voice message
SMS means Short Message Servic
Grand functions can be videoed by
All mobile phones have access to r
10. Access to internet is enabled by ani
Activity 4.23 Pair work
Reading / Writing
Look at this example.
Mobilephones not only helpin voi Send and receive text messages.
Fill in the blanks of the sentences words given below.
dark, mice, mathematics, Video, com laboratory
107

insion - Pair work
tate if they are true or false
and write only the correct answers in
obile phones from Uma.
bile phones.
it signals to mobile phones.
users are business persons.
if the call is not answered.
C.
a mobile phone.
adio and television.
nbuilt modem.
ce communication but also help to
given on the next page using the
puter, cloudy, fish, Science, photographs,
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1. Mobiles not only help to take.........
2. Nimal is clever not only in........
3. The sky is not only............ but
4. Cats love not only....... but also.
5. Our School not only has a Science.
Activi†y 4.24 Group wo
Listening / Speaking
Copy the text in your writing bolo spaces. Later present it to class. T check if all members speak in tur
The use of mobile phones is on th
It serves many functions all in one C
about the function of........... and ..
Next it also has features like..........
helps communication Very effective.
to .......... Further the function of ..
and callback if essential. Above all it
wherever we ............ All these feat
use of mobile phones.
For free distribution

- - - - - - - - - - - but also helps to ...................
.butin.
also ...............
SSSSSSSSSSSS but also a ......... laboratory.
rk
К. In groups fill in the етрty he leader needs to
S.
he increase mostly among entrepreneurs.
:Ompact phone. First of all letus speak
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS It helps the user a great deal.
- - - - - In addition the ..........Option
Moreover, it not only helps to ...... but also
...helps to detect the caller easily.........
is...... Therefore it could be taken
lures unite to create an increase in the
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Activi†y 4.25 Group wo
Listening / Speaking / Writing
A Questi
Technology has dominated many si do a survey On the use of technolog prepared this questionnaire.
Questionnaire on the us
Tick the most relevant response. Do it in
(i) Do you use many machines
at home? a. Yes b. No c.Not much
(ii) What is the type of fuel used
in cooking? a. Firewood b. Kerosene c. Gas
(iii) How is rice cooked at home?
a. In a clay pot b.In a rice cooker c. In a Saucepan
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rk
Onnaire.
2lds. Upul and his friends decided to y in homes. For this purpose, they
2 of technology in homes
/Our Writing book.
(iv) How do you preserve your
food? a. By traditional methods b. By using preservatives c. By refrigerating
(v) How are clothes washed at
your home? a. By hand-at the Well b. at the river/Stream c. By a Washing machine
(vi) Do you have a microwave
oven at home? a. Yes b. No c. Not Seen One
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(vii) Are you happy with the
modern conveniences at home?
a. Happy
b. Not happy
c. Not bothered
Make use of this questionnaire
Write only the number of the qu
your writing book. Circle the co
Example: Q.(i) a,b.(C)
Activi†y 4.26 Group wo
Listening / Speaking
To make a bar chart on your finding
(i) a ||b|, c |
(ii) a | b ||||||, c ||
Follow the example given in activit
For free distribution

to find out the details from your friends.
estion and numbers of the responses in
irrect response.
Q. (ii) a (B), c Q. (iii) (a), b, c
rk
gs, follow the model.
y 4.27 and draw a bar chart.
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Activity 4.27 Group work
Listening / Speaking / Writing
Below is a bar chart based on the quest often students. Study it carefully, wri to the class.
Make use of the words given below.
majority, most of the ... almost everybod half less than a quarter...
Use of technology i
a b c a b C a b c a b C a Responses for each questi
You may begin like this:
A questionnaire based on the use children. The first question was on finding home. In response to this question majorit. question was on the type of fuel used ath had......Only
111
 

onnaire. It shows the responses
te a paragraph and present
y, half of the ..... none, more than
fn honnes
Dftechnology in homes was given to ten out whether many machines are used at of the children stated yes. Second
ome, Some had................ yet others
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Activity 4,28 Pair wo
James Thurber is a writer y enjoyable. He sees humour in incident.
One of his characters is calle the most exciting and enjoyab
writes which makes us think
Read this story which is adapted from
Mr. Munroe was not good with not do things: for example one of his right temperature for him to have ab then pourhot water. The water was hot water first, and then adding cc
He tried mixing the two in asma the big bathtub. The result was wi long over the process that there w proper bath.
For free distribution
 

rk - A story
ou must read. His writings are very he most serious event, and the simplest
Munroe. Mr. and Mrs. Munroe have e times. Or is it the way that Thurber O2
Cream of Thurber
lmachines, or even with his hands. He could smajor problems was to get the water to the ath. He Would fill the tub With cold Waterand always too cold then. He tried putting in bild Water. The Water Was too hot then.
lbucket and then transferring the water to orse. He often burnt himself. He spent so as not enough water for him to have a
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Page 125
So, when Mr. and Mrs. Munroe went c in the country Mr. Munroe was looking f
hotel had double rooms with attached ba After discussing with the Manager, Mrs
booked a room, which had two baths to every
Their room was lovely. It was the midd thought the sound of everyone else bathin thought they would have early dinner and would take his bath first, Mrs. Munroeco
So he wentin ready fora bath. laden W to the bathroom. Mrs. Monroe Settled do asleep.
Meanwhile Mr. Munroe was having difficul the taps. He tried the handle, it was just at more. Then the watergushed out. It was c and somewhat frightened. He kept mutte water would gush out, stop, and gush out.
He was standing in about a foot of water into the next bath, and was filling that flo ShoWer Shouted to him to turn the handle få all the way to the right. The handle came water poured down from the shower. The was frightened. He kept looking at the he coming almost up to his knees now.
The man from the adjoining shower shout whathe Said. Ina little While, the hotel mai returned a very wet Mr. Munroe to Mrs. N dear?' she inquired, hardly opening her ey
By now the hotel had run out of water. Th
113

in a holiday and booked a hotel prward to have a properbath. The
ths, but this was very expensive.
Munroe was glad that they had
five rooms. One was already occupied.
le one. Mr. Munroe was glad; he g would keep him up. They
have a proper rest. Mr. Munroe uld follow later.
ith bathrobe, Soap, shampoo etc., wn to readin bed, and Soon fell
lties. He had thought of trying out rickle, then he turned it a wee bit old. Mr. Munroe was both angry ring and turning the handle. The
It was very cold.
now and the water was draining or too. The man in the adjoining
arther to the right. Munroe shot it off. Instantly a stream of boiling told watergushed down. Munroe andle in his hands. The Water was
ed. Munroe could not understand nager came with a workman and Munroe. “Did you enjoy the bath
CS.
eboiler had to be repaired.
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Activity 4.29 | Reading / Writing
Read the following according to the te
Find the answers with your writing book.
a. 1. This story is ad
2. Mr. Munroe We
3. His main probl for a hot Water
4. Mr. and Mrs. M
5. The hotel hade
6. The room that
TOOTS.
b. 7. There was ami
8. Mrs. Munroe's
came in.
9. Unfortunately.
10. The new boiler
accidents.
For free distribution
 

pair work - Comprehension
statements and say whether they are true
your partner and write only the correct respon
apted from James Thurber's Cream of Thurber.
is good with machines but bad with his hands.
em was togetthe water to the right temperature bath.
sunroe were holidaying in the same country.
xpensive double rooms with no attached baths.
Mr. Munroe booked had two baths for every five
xture of hot and cold water up to his waist.
sleep was disturbed when the hotel manager
the hotel did not have enough water that day.
was strong enough to withstand these
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Page 127
Activity 4.30 pair work
Writing / Reading
List the given words under Rural writing book.
A
river bath, well sites, home shower, bathing at Str. Swim, water tub, tap, pulley, Water tax, bathe to a room, butterfly stroke, deep end, Swimming c
Rural life
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Write two paragraphs based on the ti In the countryside people go to the rive
Activity 4.31 pair work Listening / Speaking / Writing
1. Explainto a friend, the experiences M
home.
2. Your friend is interested in knowing W List them in point form. Explain it to h
You may make use of the following w first, next, later, thereon, thereafter, finall
Mr. Munroe wanted to have a hot water
never came to the ........ temperature. ...,
a hotel. The............. rooms were very ..
- - - - - - - - - - - - with a ..............Mr. Munroe
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S Mrs. Munroe .......... So..
115

!" - 9/ --, and Urban life' in your
amlets, bathing Suit, shampoo, bucket, hearts content, open area, confined to ompetitions
Urban life
W0 lists. rfor a bath.
r. Munroe had when he was at
that had happened at the hotel. im/her and then to the class.
ords:
y...etc.
bath. So he mixed the ........... It
- - - - - - - they decided to ............ to
- - - - - - - - Atlast they managed to get
wanted to have a............ before
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Grammar
You have learnt the use of the
classes.
Eg. Sita went to Kandy with Palitha gave a book to Na
When “to' is used before a
In this lesson you learn “to a verb it becomes an infini
The verb that comes after the
plural (base / root form) Notice in the followingsente as an infinitive.
I Went to the library ti
(pre.) (inf
Now join the following sen given in the example.
E.g. i. Mother Went to the mar ii. She wanted to buy som
Mother Went to the market to
1. i. Our class went to
ii. We wanted to bu,
2. i. My grandparents ii. They wanted to s
3. i. The students alwa
ii. They want to pas
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Word “to as a preposition in the lower
ner aunt. mal.
moun it is a preposition. ' as an infinitive. When “to” is used before tive.
Word “to” is always in the presenttense
nce “to” is uSed bothasa preposition and
o borrow a book.
i.)
tences to make meaningful sentences as
ket.
e vegetables.
buy some vegetables.
the book exhibition at BMICH. y some books.
went to Kandy last month.
ee ESala Perahera.
ys study in the library.
the examination with flying colours.
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Page 129
Enrichim
Read and enjoy this poema
Car Breal
There's a graveyard in our Stre But it's not for putting people ir The bodies they bury here
Are made of steel and paintant
The people come and lea Forcrunchingin the gian Ofa great hungry car-ma That lives onbonnets, W.
When I pass by the yard at nig Isometimes think I hear a Soun Ofghostly horns that moan and Upon that metal-graveyard mol
117
 
 

lent
dtin.
ave their Wrecks tjawS chine, heels and doors
nt. d
whine, und.
- Unknown -
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Page 130
Activity 4.32
Writing
Answer the questions on the
(1) Write three rhyming
(a) in - ............. (b)
(2) What are the bodies
(3) What are the Words r Discuss with your par
Activity 4.33 Group Listening / Speaking / Wri
Mind maps are very helpful
a paragraph.
2
TV
M ph
video
* Draw a similar diagram in your Form a group of five members Fill in the information based on as directed by the arrow. When all five have completed
For free distribution

роет.
Jairs from the above poem ) jaws - .............. (c) Sound -.................
buried in the graveyard made of?
elated to the graveyard of this poem? tiner.
work
iting
in organizing a speech or in writing
CLI
2
obile
OCS
tones
writing book. and selecta leader. mobile phones in clockwise form
their parts read the points to the class.
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Page 131
Civiliza
Language Functions
i. Asking for explanation i.
eg. What's that teacher?
ii. Appreciation of an idea eg. How nice! Fantastic!
iii. Asking for permission eg. Can I sing........ p iv. Inquiring the time of iii.
an event Cg. When is the playlet?
v. Expressing future
events.
eg. We are organizing a
variety entertainment.
119

tions
Grammar
Direct/Indirect speech
“I have some good news’. Teacher said that she had some good news.
Passive voice
eg. Mummies are preserved
inside pyramids
Word classes
eg. Noun - beauty
Verb - beautify Adjective - beautiful Adverb - beautifully
Suffixes eg. --ism, -logy -tion, -sion
Adverbs of time
eg. firstly
secondly finally
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C
Role play
A Variety
It is the first week of the new ter eagerly waiting to hear about th arrives and addresses the studen
Teacher : Good morning chil
We are organizing:
Chamil : A Variety Entertain
Teacher : It's a kind of occas
dancing, short play
Chamil : How nice Can we
Teacher : Of course. We mus
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Tications S.
Entertainment
m. The students of Grade II are e plans for the new term. The teacher tS.
dren. I have some happy news for you today.
Variety Entertainment this term.
ment? What’s that teacher?
sion where different items such as singing.
Sarepresented.
take partin it?
tget ready with various items.
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Page 133
Fathima
Suneja
Teacher
Devilka
Teacher
Gayani
Teacher
Uma
Gayani
Uma
Yasith
Teacher
Yasith
Teacher
Chamil
Can I sing an Arabic son
We can practise a dance
Fantastic! It Will add col
Teacher, can't we presen
Wonderful You can do
Teacher, Uma is a clever
dance.
Fine. Uma can getready
Teacher, I have a beauti
at my grandma's place it
Teacher, we'll be visitin
Trincomalee next week.
I'dloveto. I'llget my pa
Teacher, can we do a pla
Of course. Try to find as
I'll Write One. When can
I'll get permission from
School. I want the list Ofn
I'll prepare it, teacher.
121

g?
for it
Our to Our function.
ta mime?
that.
dancer. She can presenta Bharatha
With that.
ful costume and some instruments
1 Trincomalee. I'll get them down.
gmy fathers friend, Nadaraja in
end. Uma canjoin us.
ents permission today itself.
ylet?
cript or else can't you write one?
We practise?
the principal for you to stay after
lames with your items.
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Page 134
Activity 5.1 Compreh
Speaking
Answer the following q
1. What is the plan for then
2
. How many students are SI
3
. How many students area.
4. What isa Variety Enterta
5. Who is going to Trincom
6. When are the students go
Activity 5.2 Pair wor
Pick out phrases from the diala
appreciation and write them in express sorrow and disgust.
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ension
uestions orally.
ew term?
eaking in this Conversation?
Sking questions?
inment”?
alee?
ing to practise their items?
k
gue expressing happiness and
your writing book. Find phrases to
How nicel
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Page 135
Activity 5.3 Vocabulary
Match the words with their meanings.
1. COStume use of facial expressi
2. instruments manuscriptofanacto
3. Script A dress worn by actic
4. playlet apparatus for producir
5. mime short dramatic piece.
Activity 5.4
Writing
Direct / Indirect speech - When you war, someone else has said, you use reported
e.g. ii) Direct :-
Indirect :-
Changes :-
The teacher Said, “I ha (Note the comma and
The teacher said, that
We include the Word"
"I -> She (he have – had (p:
Write the following statements in report
1. Uma said, “I have a beautiful costume.”
2. Gayani said, " We’ll be visiting my
Trincomalee.”
3. The teacher said, "We are organizing a V.
123

Write then in your writing book.
ons and gestures to tell a story
r's partina play.
rs/dancers
ng musical Sounds.
it to report to someone what or indirect speech.
ave some happy news. quotation marks.)
tshes he) had some happy news.
that 2)
ast tense)
ed speech in your writing book.
father's friend, uncle Nadaraja in
ariety entertainment.”
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Page 136
4. Uma said, "I'll get my parent
5. Gayani said, “Umais a clever
e.g. ii) Direct
Indirect
iii) Direct
Indirect :
Changes :
Chamilaska Note the co question ma
Chamilask No comma, No quotatic No questior is – W. change of V
Fathimaask Note the co, question ma
Fathimaask
SO9.
No comma No quotatic No questior We include
Can -
I -
Write the following stateme
1. Chamil asked, “Can we tak
For free distribution
Yasith asked, "Can we do:
Devika asked, "Can't wep
Yasith asked, “When can v
The teacher asked, "Can't

s' permission."
dancer.’
ed, What's that mma, quotation marks and the Lrk.
ed what that was.
In marks nmark
S Vord order
ked, “Can I sing an Arabic Song?”
mma, quotation mark and the urk.
(ed whether she could sing an Arabic
In mark
nmark he Word “whether' could
She (He)
2nts in indirect speech.
e partinit?”
playleto
resenta mime?”
Te practise?”
you write ascript?”
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Page 137
Activity 5.5 Pair work
Reading
Read the following programme
Variety Enterta
Programme
9.00 a.m. - Welcon
9.10 a.m. Thuram
9.15 a.m. Violin
9.20 a.m. - Duet ,
9.30 a.m. Playlet
10.00 a.m. - Arabic
10.15 a.m. - Speech
10.20 a.m. - Solo - o
10.25 a.m. - Bharat
10.35 a.m. - Slide S.
10.45 a.m. - Mime
10.55 a.m. - Group
11.00 a.m. - Speech
End
125

inment
ne Speech
ga Wannama
Solo
Dance
Viridu?
ha Dance
TOW
Song
by the Chief Guest
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Page 138
Role play / Writing
Complete the dialogue with tha Write the dialogue in your boo
For free distribution
When does the Val
At......................
Then we must be:
Of course.
When ................
At quarter past.
When.................
At half...............
What is the durati
At what time is the
It Sat................
How long is it?
It's.................. - - -
By the way, what
It's......................
It'll be really intere
Yes, in deed. Wen

2 information given in the programme. k.
riety Entertainment begin?
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S o'clock.
seated there before nine.
S SS SS SS SS SS S SS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SS SS S SS S S S S S S SS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
2sting.
mustn't get late.
126

Page 139
Activity 5.6
Reading - Egyptian Civilization.
Given below is the account that accomp Chamil presented at the Variety Enterta
"I'm going to present a slide show ong
man's social, spiritual, philosophical and techno
slide.This is one fine example of a great civiliza
existed in the valley of the river Nile.These hug
man-made creations of the World. The ancient E
believed their king, Pharaoh was a God livi immortality of the soul. Hence, the pyramids, th
of the dead.
These granite pyramids amaze the Worl also by the beauty of geometrical construction. length. Some granite had been brought from qui
ferried across and hauled to the construction site
were lifted by a kind of crane. Today the highes
127
 

anied the Slide Show which inment.
reat civilizations. Civilization means
logical development. Lookát the first
tion, the Egyptian civilization which
ge pyramids of Egypt were the highest
gyptians were religious people. They
ng on earth. They believed in the
e tombs were built to house the Souls
d not only by their enormous size, but
One granite block is about 30 feetin
arries in the Arabian hills to the Nile,
S. For the construction of tiers, blocks
st pyramid is 137 metres high.
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Page 140
The underground burial chambe
dead bodies, the mummies preserv
day, because of the Science and tec
World.
Activity 5.7 Compre
Answer the following questi in your writing book in con
a. 1. Who ruledancient Egy
2. Which river is associate
3. What did the Egyptians
4. Why did the Egyptians
5. Which features of the
6. From where have the g
7. What was kept insidet
b. 8. Why do the mummies
9. How Were the dead b.
10. Name Some other coun
rivers associated with
For free distribution

rs are beautifully decorated with paintings. The 2d inside them which have not decayed to this
hnology that has been used astonish the whole
hension
ons orally. Then write the answers plete sentences.
pt?
2d with the Egyptian Civilization?
s believe about their king?
build pyramids?
pyramids amaze the World?
ranite blocks been brought?
he pyramids?
surprise the world?
Odies transferred into "mummies 2
tries which had great civilizations. Find the them.
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Page 141
Activity 5.8 Vocabulary
Do you know the abbreviations used in
them.
OUIn
V Verb
adj adjective
adv - adverb
One single word may have all or some of these
Now, copy the following grid into your writi and write the relevant words on the dotted
(a).................... धिब्ब७
129

lictionaries? Here are some of
forms.
ng book. Refer to a dictionary lines.
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Page 142
Activity 5.9 \ Word classes
Fill the blanks of the followin Select the correct word using
1. Any ......(b).............. person bu
2. All the chambers of the temple
3. Though William Shakespeare
4. He doesn't........ (c)............ in
Activity 5.10
Writing
Find out the places where the r. fall into the sea in the map of S.
Write any legend associated w
early civilization of the country
Mention the following in the th
- the present state of the river.
- any economic activity associat
- any religious significance.
For free distribution

g sentences. Refer to the activity 5.8
the letter in the blank.
ilds uphealthy relationships with others.
have been....... (a)............. with paintings.
is....... (d)............. his Works are......(e)..............
the existence of Gods.
ivers Kelani, Malwathu Oya and Mahaveli ri Lanka.
fith any one of these rivers, regarding the , in two paragraphs.
ird paragraph.
ed with the river.
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Page 143
Activity 5.11 Vocabulary
Speaking
The meaning of a word can be changed end of that word.
e.g. hero + ism – her
This is called a “suffix." The followings
-ism -logy -tion
In groups write words with these suffix and answers to get your information.
Q :- How many words har A :- I’ve got.................... Q :- What are the wordsy A :- I’ve got ...................
Copy the following grid into your writin column.
-ism -logy
Activity 5.12
Writing
Select a massive construction in your a dagoba, road, reservoir, etc. Find infor composition on it. You may include inf
who built it. howbigitis. why it was built. the importance/
131

adding another part to
Oism
| are some suffixes
-sion
es. Use the following questions
ve you got?
gbook and write 5 words for each
tion -sion
rea/country. e.g.:- building, nation about it and write a Ornation about
how it was built.
use of it.
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Page 144
Activity 5.13
Writing
The Great
Given below are notes taken
of Egypt on Chamil's slide show.
of Egypt using her notes. A few se
The Great Sphinx of Egypt.
The Great Sphinx in Egypt is a c human head.
1.
Stands 350 metres from Cheop
2. 73 metres long.
3. Known in Arabic as “father of
4.
5
6
Originally called Horus (Sun Go
. Some believe it is Chephren (ki
. For centuries - completely cove
uncovered.
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Sphinx of Egypt.
down by Fathima about the Great Sphinx Write a composition about the Great Sphinx
intences to begin the paragraph are given.
Olossal Statue. It represents a lion with a
's pyramid.
terror
Dd) who is on the horizon.
ing) Standing guard Over his tomb.
red by Sand leaving only its enigmatic features
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7. Men dug – Out of sand.
8. Defacement occured erosi
ՏՕՈՈe
practi
9. Huge Sculpture reflects Egyptians as gre.
Activity 5.14 Vocabulary
Find single words from the text which Do this in your writing book.
1.
Spoiling the appearanceTo be aimed at in shooting practice -
Wearing awayMaking representation of stone/Wood/ Figure of a person/animal in wood/st
Line at which the earth/sea and skyse
Activity 5.15
Vocabulary
Match the words in A with their meani
them on to your writing book.
A
1. coloSSal c
2. enigmatic 接
3. Occur
4. terror
5. features h
133

on by wind.
people using it for target
>C.
tartists.
give the following meanings.
metal by carving or moulding
One etC.
enn tO meet -
ags (synonyms) in B. Then copy
B
haracteristics
al
|(1111C11SC
ysterious
appen.
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Page 146
Activity 5.16
Writing
Get into groups. Lo for the following wo
Novv construct sente copy them onto your
Activity 5.17
Writing
Select a place or an
eg. temple, built
Find information ab
composition using th
age it belongs to
who built it.
with what it was
important featur
what it was use
present situation
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Group Work
ok in a dictionary and copy the different meani rds and the parts of speech they represent.
a. lime
b. sphinx
c. temple
d. head.
nces for each meaning. Check each other's and Writing book.
Group work
object from your area which has historical valu
ding , road , stream etc.
but it under the following points and write a
einformation gathered.
built.
S.
d for.
of the place / object.
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Page 147
Activity 5.18
Reading / Writing
Legend - Origin
A legend is a story handed down from the pa
and states have legends associated with their or
origin of Rome is as follows.
Statue reflecting the or
Aprincess of a certain country(Latium) gav were named Romulus and Remus. The babies they were stolen, put into a basket and throwni didn't die and the basket floated and got stuck A she-wolf coming to the river to quench hert Suckled the babies. They grew up healthy and S in the forest with Wolves, a poor villagertook the and Remus grew Well and became strong War survived and built a great city which is called
strong and fierce due to the association of Rom
135
 

I of Rome
st with a basis of truth. Many nations
igins. One legend associated with the
igin of Rome.
ebirthto twins.They were boys. They
were ordered to be killed secretly. So into the river Tiberto drown. But they
on the bank of the river near aforest.
hirst saw the abandoned babies. She
rong. Noticing human children living mhome and brought them up. Romulus iors. Remus died in a fight. Romulus
Rome. It is said that the Romans are
ulus with the Wolves.
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Page 148
Activity 5.19 Compri
Answer the following question,
What is a legend?
Why were the babies put
Did the babies die ?
Who fed them?
Why were the ancient RC
b. 6. What do you think about
7. Have you heard of any ot
Activity 5.20
Find details of the legend asso or any other legend. Write the l
Activity 5.21
Reading
Read the following paragraph. your writing book. Fill the grid
Animals are associated with religio
myths, origins of nations
and legends. 彭
For free distribution

ehension
in your writing book.
into the river ?
mans strong and fierce'?
the she-wolfin the legend?
her situations like this? Describe one.
Ciated with Sinhabahu and Sinhasee wali egend in your writing book.
Copy the grid given on page 137 onto
using the information in the text.
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Page 149
Many Gods have animals as their Vehicles. T
God Ganesh (Gana) has amouse as his vehicle
The bull is considered a sacred animal in Hind
help in cultivation. The dragonis another animal
The white pigeon is considered the symbolo.
cobra is considered a sacred animal in the leg
associated with royalty and has been the vehi
battle in the past. They are takenin religious pag
casket is always carried by a tusker.
Animals Nation/Country
n
eg. 1. cow/bull Hindus S2
2. elephant
3.peacock
4. White cobra
5. mouse
6. pigeon
7... dragon.
Activity 5.22 Grammar
Writing
Passive Voice (D
When we do not know the doer of an a un important, We use passive voice.
eg. The babies were thrown into ther
137
 

hey give an idea about their qualities. and God Kataragama has a peacock. uism. It is treated well because of its
found in the mythical World of China. peace all over the world. The white ends of Sri Lanka. The elephant is Cle of kings. Elephants were used in eants. In Buddhist pageants the relic
Sociation-religious Qualities.
yths, help etc.
cred helpful
irect Past)
ction or when the doer is
iver.
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The following ideas describe how the ConstructSentences in the passive vo
eg. Firsta date was fixed.
1. first-date - fix
then-items - decide.
items - practise
programme - design - carefi
invitations - Send-guests
main hall-clean-previous C
chairs - arrange - neat-row
instruments - bring
Activity 5.23
Writing
Write a paragraph describing h put up. Use passive voice as in
the words from the following g.
eg. First the plan was designed.
Nouns
plan
bricks
sand cement
granite
clay
For free distribution

students got ready for the Variety Entertainment. ice using the clues.
illy
lay
WS
. . . . . . .
ow a building / a house in your area was activity 5.22 You may select some of rid.
Verbs AdVerbS
design first
CUt secondly
bring next
fix then
mix after that
transport finally
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Activity 5.24
Reading / Writing
A proverb is a short popular saying, wit. Proverbs are often used in oral commun with life, environment, animals etc.
ProVerb
eg. 1. Every dark cloud has asilverlining.
2. Cut not the tree that gives you
the shade.
Here are some proverbs associated with the option that gives the correct meaning. N meaning in your Writing book.
1. Rats desert a ship that will sink or wr
a. Rats breed in ships. b. People sail in ships that rearrats. c. Weak people give up their duty when
are difficult / when things do not gosn
2. The early bird catches the worm.
a. Birds come early to catch Worms.
b. People should work like birds.
c. The first person always gets the chan
139

words of advice or warning. lication. They are associated
Meaning
Every bad person has a good quality.
Don't harm the helpful hand.
animals. Read them and select Write the proverb and the
"eck.
times
noothly.
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Page 152
3. Frogs can be found even in
a. Frogs are found in ponds.
b . Evenin well-disciplinedest
ill-mannered people are fe
c. Good people are foundevel
4. God gives every bird its foo
a. All the gifts are given by Gc
b. Good fortune exists but you
find it.
c. Your food is given by God
5. Birds of a feather, flock toge
a. Birds of similar colours live 1
b. People with the same qualiti
c. Feather of the same colourf
6. A bird in the hand is worth ti
a. Keeping the bird in the hanc
b. Better to be contented with
lose everything.
c. Better to have two birds th:
For free distribution

a lotus pond.
ablishments
und.
nin dirty places.
d, but never drops it in the nest.
)d.
have to try and
but you have to wait.
ther.
together.
es gettogether.
all on the same place.
W0 in the bush .
is better.
what you have, than to try to get more and
an to keep one bird.
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Page 153
Activity 5.25.
Reading
Viridu -
In the Variety Entertainment there was
an item: a "Viridu
Viridu, like our folk tales...has come down from generation to generation. A Viridu singer is a talented person who makes up his verse with the beat of his little circular drum, "rabana" as he sings. It is part of our culture. Even today we see the Viridu singer in public places like the bus stand, railway station or market where people gather. The Viridu is performed on
occasions for entertainment.
The Viridusinger entertains the public in a simple way. The verse he composes is in
Selects current incidents and events with uni
happiness, jealousy, bravery, treachery, betr includes dialogues. The repetition and regular rh make it interesting. When it is accompanied by n The singer uses a small rabana (tambourine talented Viridusinger is capable of entertaining
irrespective of time, place or person.
The English ballad is similar to our viridu. literary ballads. However, in the modern society
is fading from his original place, and becoming
141

simple and colloquial language. He
Versal interest such as love, Sorrow,
ayal, heroism. Often the narration yming patterns along with the rhythm
music and dance, it attracts the listener. to produce the rhythm. A highly the public with impromptu Viridu
There are traditional ballads as well as
the ballad singer or the Viridu singer limited to the stage.
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Page 154
Activity 5.26 Comp)
Writing
Answer the following question
1. What is the instrument the
2. When did "Viridu originate
3. Where do you see Viridus
4. Why is "Viridu composed C
5. Name five qualities of Viric
6. What type of stories does \
7. What are the devices the V
interesting?
Activity 5.27
Writing
List the topics that interest the "Viridu singer' or relate a story explain why.
Activity 5.28 Vocal
Match the words in A with thei your writing book with the mea

rehension
s in your writing book.
Viridu singerouses?
ingers”?
fsimple and colloquial language?
lu.
Viridu include?
iridu singer uses to make his singing
“Viridu singer”. Write a tale told by a you think is suitable for a Viridu and
pulary
r meanings in B. Copy the words Onto nings.
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Page 155
A.
1. accompany words or phrases in orc
2. betrayal handing down from ge
3. colloquial disloyalty to a friendo
4.intelligible belonging to all.
5. origin go with.
6. tradition giving way, making kn
7. treachery starting point.
8. universal can be easily understoc
Activity 5.29
Word Classes
An abstract no un is a word used for inti
alongside are some abstract nouns that adjectives of them and copy them to your writ
Abstract noun Α
1.bravery 2.jealousy
3. Sorrow
4. happiness 5. betrayal
6. heroism
7.treachery
8. love
143

B
linary conversational language.
neration to generation.
a Cal SC.
own or sell treacherously.
od.
'oducing a quality or state. Given appeared in the text. Find their ing book. You can add to your list.
djective.
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Page 156
Activity 5.30
The abstract nouns in Activity sort them out as good qualities your writing book.
good qualities
Activity 5.31 Vocabu
Select appropriate words from following sentences. Do this i.
We must appreciate the ...
AnushaʼS............................ sit
Joy and ....................... aTC
Some pepole destroy other
- - - - - - - - - - - and ............ bring
Activity 5.32
Writing
Select two abstract nouns and two sentences using them.
eg. He is a happyboy.
His happiness increased wh

5.29 denote human qualities. Can you I and bad / weak qualities. Do this in
bad / weak qualities
ulary
Activity 5.29 and fill the blanks in the a your writing book.
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S of soldiers.
luation moved Thenuja to help her. nextdoor neighbours. 's property Out of....................... - peace and beauty to the world.
adjectives from activity 5.29 and write
en he got through the O/L examination.
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Page 157
Activity 5.33
Writing
Select an event / incident that you saw / past. Write a description or a story based
Enrich ment
Excavati
If I should meet with the
How should W.
What could we
So have I changed in they
Both would be Yet there is nothing that ca.
Nothing of
Built on the
What I am now was asle
Waiting its Slowly, as men who ul City thatla
Sunken in
Thought and the powerfuls
Dig out the
145

heard / experienced in the recent In it.
Οη
boy that I was,
e look?
say?
ears that I think
dumb.
me from without
ПеW
old.
ep in me then,
shour.
nbury a vast
Sand,
pades of the World
Self.
by Clifford Bax
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Page 158
Activity 5.34 Poem
In the poem the narrator recall questions given below.
... Whom does the narrator
... What has happened to th
. How would they behave
. Is there anything that has
. How does he feel about
. How do people find sunl
What does the narrator
8. How is he going to doth
Find words from the poe
following words/phrase
i) two things / persons -
ii) come across
iii) unable to speak - ,
iv) unearth -
V) huge
For free distribution

s his childhood. Read it and answer the
want to meet?
Le narrator Withtime?
at the meeting?
come new?
that?
ken cities?
Want to do?
at?
mthat are similarin meaning to the
S.
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2011/E/11/288-P-1266.000